Joy of Science #45 & #46

1) Living organisms are complex, but these complex systems are based on relatively simple molecular building blocks. a) True b) False 2) What is another name for the energy content of food? a) carbohydrate c) lipid

b) calorie d) glucose

3) The function of molecules depends upon their physical, three-dimensional shape. The geometric shape of a molecule determines how it will react with other molecules. a) True b) False 4) Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides are names for different polymer chains of what: a) sugar molecules b) lipids c) proteins d) inert gasses

5) Because lipids can be arrange in formations in which one side is hydrophilic (water loving) and one side is hydrophobic (water fearing, or repelling) they are excellent building blocks for: a) bone b) solid rock c) cell membranes d) hydroelectric dams

6) Proteins are built from amino acids that have bonded together in different ways. What is this bonding of amino acids called? a) digestion b) enzymes c) chemical reaction d) polymerization

7) Human beings synthesize only about 12 of the 20 amino acids inside their own cells. The other 8 they have to get through a good diet. What are these 8 important acids called? a) polypeptide bonded acids b) essential amino acids c) carbohydrates d) cellulose acids

8) In the human diet, plants supply very high quality proteins and animals supply very low quality proteins. a) True b) False 9) These little molecular machines pull apart (digestion) or combine (synthesis) two molecules: a) hormones b) enzymes c) peptides d) polypeptides

10) This lipid is secreted by the human liver and is required for the synthesis of cell membranes. Too much of this lipid in the human diet causes obstruction of blood vessels and heart disease. a) bile b) insulin c) cholesterol d) cellulose