Problem 3.1 Vector A starts at point (1, 1, 3) and ends at point (2, 1, 0).

Find a unit vector in the direction of A. Solution: (2 1) + y (1 (1)) + z (0 (3)) = x +z 3, A=x |A| = 1 + 9 = 3.16, +z 3 x A = 0.32 + z 0.95. = =x a |A| 3.16

Problem 3.3 In Cartesian coordinates, the three corners of a triangle are P1 = (0, 4, 4), P2 = (4, 4, 4), and P3 = (2, 2, 4). Find the area of the triangle. 4y 8 and C = P1 P3 = x 2y 2z 8 represent two sides of Solution: Let B = P1 P2 = x the triangle. Since the magnitude of the cross product is the area of the parallelogram (see the denition of cross product in Section 3-1.4), half of this is the area of the triangle:
1 4 y 8) (x 2 y 2 z 8)| A= 1 2 |B C| = 2 |(x

1 (8)(8) + y ((4)(8)) + z (4(2) (8)2)| |x =2 1 1 1 64 + y 32 + z 8| = 2 642 + 322 + 82 = 2 = 2 |x 5184 = 36,

where the cross product is evaluated with Eq. (3.27).

 +y 2 z 3, B = x 2 y 4, and C = y 2 z 4, nd Problem 3.5 Given vectors A = x , (a) A and a (b) the component of B along C, (c) AC , (d) A C, (e) A (B C), (f) A (B C), B, and (g) x ) z . (h) (A y Solution: (a) From Eq. (3.4), and, from Eq. (3.5), +y 2 z 3 x . 14 (b) The component of B along C (see Section 3-1.4) is given by A = a B cos BC = (c) From Eq. (3.18), BC 8 = = 1.8 . C 20 14,

A=

12 + 22 + (3)2 =

AC = cos1
(d) From Eq. (3.27),

AC 4 + 12 16 = cos1 = cos1 = 17.0 . AC 280 14 20

(2(4) (3)2) + y ((3)0 1(4)) + z (1(2) 2(0)) = x 2 + y 4 + z 2. AC = x (e) From Eq. (3.27) and Eq. (3.21), 16 + y 8 + z 4) = 1(16) + 2(8) + (3)4 = 20. A (B C) = A (x Eq. (3.30) could also have been used in the solution. Also, Eq. (3.29) could be used in conjunction with the result of part (d). (f) By repeated application of Eq. (3.27), 16 + y 8 + z 4) = x 32 y 52 z 24. A (B C) = A (x Eq. (3.33) could also have been used. (g) From Eq. (3.27), B = z 4. x

(h) From Eq. (3.27) and Eq. (3.21), ) z = (x 3 + z ) z = 1. (A y Eq. (3.29) and Eq. (3.25) could also have been used in the solution.

 (x + 2y) y (y + 3z) + z (3x y), determine a unit vector Problem 3.7 Given A = x parallel to A at point P = (1, 1, 2). (x + 2y) y (y + 3z) + z (3x y) at the Solution: The unit vector parallel to A = x point P = (1, 1, 2) is A(1, 1, 2) = |A(1, 1, 2)| (1)2 + (5)2 + 42 y 5 + z 4 x = y 5 + z 4 x 0.15 y 0.77 + z 0.62. x 42

Problem 3.11 Find a unit vector parallel to either direction of the line described by 2x + z = 4. Solution: First, we nd any two points on the given line. Since the line equation is not a function of y, the given line is in a plane parallel to the xz plane. For convenience, we choose the xz plane with y = 0. For x = 0, z = 4. Hence, point P is at (0, 0, 4). For z = 0, x = 2. Hence, point Q is at (2, 0, 0). Vector A from P to Q is: (2 0) + y (0 0) + z (0 4) = x 2 z 4, A=x 2 z 4 A x = a . = |A| 20

Problem 3.15 A certain plane is described by 2x + 3y + 4z = 16. Find the unit vector normal to the surface in the direction away from the origin. Solution: Procedure: 1. Use the equation for the given plane to nd three points, P1 , P2 and P3 on the plane. 2. Find vector A from P1 to P2 and vector B from P1 to P3 . 3. Cross product of A and B gives a vector C orthogonal to A and B, and hence to the plane. . 4. Check direction of c Steps: 1. Choose the following three points: P1 at (0, 0, 4), P2 at (8, 0, 0), P3 at (0, 16 3 , 0). 2. Vector A from P1 to P2 (8 0) + y (0 0) + z (0 4) = x 8z 4 A=x Vector B from P1 to P3 (0 0) + y B=x 3. C = A B (Ay Bz Az By ) + y (Az Bx Ax Bz ) + z (Ax By Ay Bx ) =x 16 16 0 (4) (4) ((4) 0 8 (4)) + z 8 00 =x +y 3 3 128 64 32 + z +y =x 3 3 16 16 (0 4) = y 4 0 +z z 3 3

Verify that C is orthogonal to A and B AC = 8 64 512 512 128 + (32 0) + (4) = =0 3 3 3 3 64 16 512 512 128 BC = 0 + 32 + (4) = =0 3 3 3 3 3

64 32 + z 128 4. C = x 3 +y 3 = c C = |C| 64 32 + z 128 x 3 +y 3

2 64 2 + 322 + 128 3 3

0.37 + y 0.56 + z 0.74. =x

points away from the origin as desired. c

Problem 4.1 A cube 2 m on a side is located in the rst octant in a Cartesian coordinate system, with one of its corners at the origin. Find the total charge contained in the cube if the charge density is given by v = xy2 e2z (mC/m3 ). Solution: For the cube shown in Fig. P4.1, application of Eq. (4.5) gives
2 2 2

Q=
V

v d V =

1 x y e 12

x=0 y=0 z=0 2 2 2 2 3 2z

xy2 e2z dx dy dz 8 = (1 e4 ) = 2.62 mC. 3

x=0 y=0 z=0

z 2m

2m 0 2m x
Figure P4.1: Cube of Problem 4.1.

Problem 4.3 Find the total charge contained in a cone dened by R 2 m and 0 /4, given that v = 10R2 cos2 (mC/m3 ). Solution: For the cone of Fig. P4.3, application of Eq. (4.5) gives Q=
2

/4

2 R=0

=0 =0

10R2 cos2 R2 sin dR d d

2

2 5 = R cos3 3 2 128 1 = 3 2
z

/4 2

R=0 =0 =0 3

= 86.65 (mC).

2m /4 0 x
Figure P4.3: Cone of Problem 4.3.

 5/R (A/m2 ), nd I through the surface R = 5 m. Problem 4.7 If J = R Solution: Using Eq. (4.12), we have I= J ds =
2

=0 =0

5 R2 sin d d ) (R R

= 5R cos

= 100 = 314.2 (A).

R=5 =0 =0

Problem 4.11 A square with sides of 2 m has a charge of 40 C at each of its four corners. Determine the electric eld at a point 5 m above the center of the square. Solution: The distance |R| between any of the charges and point P is |R | = E= 12 + 12 + 52 = 27.

R2 R3 R4 Q R1 + + + 3 3 3 40 |R| |R| |R| |R|3 y +z 5 x +y +z 5 x +y +z 5 y +z 5 x Q x = + + + 40 (27)3/2 (27)3/2 (27)3/2 (27)3/2 5Q 5 40 C 1.42 51.2 (kV/m). =z =z = 106 (V/m) = z 3 / 2 3 / 2 0 (27) 0 (27) 0

P(0,0,5)

R3 Q3(-1,-1,0) R4

R2 R1 Q2(-1,1,0) y

Q4(1,-1,0) Q1(1,1,0)

Figure P4.11: Square with charges at the corners.

Problem 4.19 Three innite lines of charge, all parallel to the z-axis, are located at the three corners of the kite-shaped arrangement shown in Fig. P4.19. If the two right triangles are symmetrical and of equal corresponding sides, show that the electric eld is zero at the origin.
y 2l

Figure P4.19: Kite-shaped arrangment of line charges for Problem 4.19.

Solution: The eld due to an innite line of charge is given by Eq. (4.33). In the present case, the total E at the origin is E = E1 + E2 + E3 . cancel and their components along y add. The components of E1 and E2 along x because the line charge on the y-axis is negative. Hence, Also, E3 is along y E = y But cos = R1 /R2 . Hence, E = y 2l 2l cos +y . 20 R1 20 R2

l R1 l = 0. +y 0 R1 R2 0 R2

 xy3 z3 (C/m2 ). Problem 4.23 Repeat Problem 4.22 for D = x Solution:

(a) From Eq. (4.26), v = D = (xy3 z3 ) = y3 z3 . x (b) Total charge Q is given by Eq. (4.27):
2 2

Q=
V

D dV =

z=0 y=0

xy4 z4 y z dx dy dz = 16 x =0
2 3 3

= 32 C.
x=0 y=0 z=0

(c) Using Gauss law we have

n

D d s = Ffront + Fback + Fright + Fleft + Ftop + Fbottom .

Dx , so only Ffront and Fback (integration over z surfaces) will contribute Note that D = x to the integral.
2 2

Ffront =

z=0 y=0 2 2

xy3 z3 ) (x
x =2 3 3 x =2

dy dz) (x y4 z4 16
2

z=0 y=0 2 2

xy z

Fback =

z=0 y=0

xy3 z3 ) (x

dy dz = 2

y=0 2

= 32 ,
z=0

x =0

dy dz) = (x

z=0 y=0

xy3 z3
x =0

dy dz = 0.

Thus Q =

D d s = 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 32 C.