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Definitions
In order to understand the Topic first we’ll divide it into three main parts.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
• Social Impact
• Terrorism
• National Development
Social Impact
Definition
The word social Impact in this topic tells us about the Society, In order to
understand it first we’ll discuss the definition of society.
Or
“A formal association of people with similar interests”
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Terrorism
Or
“Terrorism is the use of threats and violence to frighten or alarm people.”
Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts committed (or
threatened) against civilians by groups or persons for political or ideological
goals. Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to
create fear or "terror", are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to a
"madman" attack), and deliberately target "non-combatants".
National Development
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Or
“The act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive
or useful”
Or
****************
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Explanation
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Now as we know what the topic is about, now I will explain what the “Social
Impact of Terrorism on National Development”. The Social Impact of
Terrorism on National Development means how people or the nation suffers
due to Terrorism. Nowadays in the world everyday you come to know about
the effects of terrorism on the people of a country like economic effects,
psychological effects & etc.
Almost every nation in the world including Pakistan is facing bad social
impact & hurdles in national development.
The Major Terrorist attacks which occurred in the world & there effects with
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Scenario
The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced
"nine eleven") consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks by
Islamic extremists on the United States on September 11, 2001. The victims were
predominantly civilians.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen terrorists affiliated with al-
Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. Each team of hijackers
included a trained pilot. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners
(United Airlines Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11) into the World Trade
Center in New York City, New York, one plane into each tower (1 WTC and 2 WTC),
resulting in the collapse of both buildings soon afterward and irreparable
damage to nearby buildings. The hijackers crashed a third airliner (American Airlines
Flight 77) into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, near Washington D.C.
Passengers and members of the flight crew on the fourth aircraft (United Airlines
Flight 93) attempted to retake control of their plane from the hijackers; that plane
crashed into a field near the town of Shanks Ville in rural Somerset County,
Pennsylvania. In addition to the 19 hijackers, 2,973 people died; another 24 are
missing and presumed dead.
• Social Effects
The 9/11 attacks had immediate and overwhelming effects upon the United States
population. Gratitude toward uniformed public-safety workers (dubbed "first
responders"), and especially toward firefighters, was widely expressed in light of
both the drama of the risks taken on the scene and the high death toll among the
workers. Many police officers and rescue workers elsewhere in the country took
leaves of absence to travel to New York City to assist in the grim process of
recovering bodies from the twisted remnants of the Twin Towers. Blood donations
also saw a surge in the weeks after 9/11.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Apart from this, many children & people started felling unsecured about there
life’s. There were numerous news about the people suspecting Asian’s, Middle
East people as terrorists. Muslims basically started facing a lot of problems after
the 9/11 attacks.
The opening of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) was delayed after the first
plane crashed into the World Trade Center's north tower, and trading for the
day cancelled after the second plane crashed into the South Tower. NASDAQ also
cancelled trading. The London Stock Exchange and other stock exchanges
were also evacuated. The New York Stock exchanges remained closed until the
following Monday. This was the third time in history that the NYSE experienced
prolonged closure, and first time since March 1933. The NYSE also shut down for a
few months at the beginning of World War I.
Trading on the United States bond market ceased, with the leading government
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald based in the World Trade Center.
The Federal Reserve issued a statement, saying it was "open and operating. The
discount window is available to meet liquidity needs." Federal Reserve Governor
Roger Ferguson, the only Governor in Washington DC on the day of the attacks, has
described in detail this and the other actions that the Fed undertook to maintain a
stable economy and offset potential disruptions arising in the financial system
Gold prices spiked upwards, from $215.50 to $287 an ounce in London trading.
Oil prices also spiked upwards. Gas prices in the United States also briefly shot
up.
Currency trading continued, with the United States dollar falling sharply against
the Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen. The next day, European stock
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
markets fell sharply, including a 4.6% decline in Spain and 8.5% decline in
Germany. Stocks in the Latin American markets also plunged, with a 9.2% drop in
Brazil, 5.2% drop in Argentina, and 5.6% decline in Mexico, before trading was
halted.
War in Afghanistan
The War in Afghanistan (2001–present) started in October 2001, in the wake of the
September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, marking the beginning of its War
on Terrorism campaign, seeking to oust the Taliban and find al-Qaeda leader
Osama bin Laden. The Afghan Northern Alliance provided the majority of ground
forces, while the U.S. and fellow NATO members provided support. The U.S. military
name of the conflict was Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).The officially-stated
purpose of the invasion was to destroy al-Qaeda and deny them sanctuary and
freedom of movement within Afghanistan and to remove the Taliban regime.
• Social Effects
Due to this attack people of Afghanistan suffered a lot, previously due to the
attack of former USSR (Russia) they faced many problems. The ratio of
crimes, drug use etc was very common in the Afghan society after the
attack. Afghan National’s starting leaving there country due to non
availability of security, good life etc. The Afghan Society is nowadays called
as the most troubled nation in the world.
It is estimated that in Afghanistan there are 1.5 million suffering from immediate
starvation, as well as 7.5 million suffering as a result of the country's dire
situation - the combination of civil war, drought-related famine, and, to a large
extent, the Taliban's oppressive regime and the U.S.-led invasion.
Afghanistan is an extremely impoverished country, one of the world's poorest and
least developed nations. Two-thirds of the population lives on less than 2 US
dollars a day. The economy has suffered greatly from the recent political and
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
military unrest since the 1979 Soviet invasion and subsequent conflicts, while
severe drought added to the nation's difficulties in 1998-2001.
The economically active population in 2002 was about 11 million (out of a total of
an estimated 29 million). While there are no official unemployment rate estimates
available, it is evident that it is high. The number of non-skilled young people is
estimated at 3 million, which is likely to increase by some 300,000 per annum.
Inflation had been a major problem until 2002. However, the depreciation of the
Afghani in 2002 after the introduction of the new notes (which replaced 1,000 old
Afghani by 1 new Afghani) coupled with the relative stability compared to previous
periods has helped prices to stabilize and even decrease between December 2002
and February 2003, reflecting the turnaround appreciation of the new Afghani
currency. Since then, the index has indicated stability, with a moderate increase
toward late 2003.
• Social Effects
Although there were security alerts at many locations, no other terrorist incidents
occurred outside central London. Suspicious packages were destroyed in controlled
explosions in Edinburgh, Brighton, Coventry, and Darlington. Security across the UK
was raised to the highest alert level.
Many other countries raised their own terror alert status (for example: Canada,
United States, France, and Germany), especially for public transport. For a time
US commanders ordered troops based in the UK to avoid London.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
For most of the days after the attack, central London's public transport system
was effectively crippled because of the complete closure of the underground
system, the closure of the Zone 1 bus networks, and the evacuation of Russell
Square. Bus services restarted at 4 p.m. the same day, and most mainline train
stations reopened shortly after. Tourist river vessels were pressed into service to
provide a free alternative to the overcrowded trains and buses. Thousands of
people chose to walk home or make their way to the nearest Zone 2 bus or train
station. Most of the Underground apart from the affected stations restarted the next
morning, though some commuters chose to stay at home.
There were limited immediate reactions to the attack in the world economy as
measured by financial market and exchange rate activity. The pound fell 0.89
cents to a 19-month low against the U.S. dollar. The FTSE 100 Index fell by about
200 points in the two hours after the first attack. This was its biggest fall since
the start of the war in Iraq, and it triggered the stock market's special measures,
restricting panic selling and aimed at ensuring market stability. However, by the
time the market closed it had recovered to only 71.3 points (1.36%) down on the
previous day's three-year closing high. Markets in France, Germany, the Netherlands
and Spain also closed about 1% down on the day.
US market indexes rose slightly, in part because the dollar index rose sharply
against the pound and the euro. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 31.61 to
10,302.29. The Nasdaq Composite Index rose 7.01 to 2075.66. The S&P 500 rose
2.93 points to 1197.87 after declining up to 1%. Every benchmark gained 0.3%.
The markets picked up again on 8 July as it became clear that the damage caused
by the bombings was not as great as initially thought. By close of trading the
market had fully recovered to above its level at start of trading on 7 July. Insurers in
the UK tend to re-insure their terrorist liabilities in excess of the first £75,000,000
with Pool Re, a mutual insurer set up by the government with leading insurers. Pool
Re has substantial reserves and newspaper reports indicated that claims would
easily be covered.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
On 9 July, the Bank of England, HM Treasury and the Financial Services Authority
revealed that they had instigated contingency plans immediately after the attacks
to ensure that the UK financial markets could keep trading. This involved the
activation of a "secret chat room" on the British Government's Financial Sector
Continuity website, which allowed the institutions to communicate with the
country's banks and market dealers.
Pakistan’s
Case
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
Pakistan has been a victim of Terrorism from its very Independence. The
Social & National Development effects which Pakistan faced due to terrorism
are given below.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between
India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil
district of Kashmir. The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and
Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the Line of Control, which
serves as the de facto border between the two nations. Directly after the war,
Pakistan blamed the fighting entirely on independent Kashmiri insurgents; however,
documents left behind by casualties and later statements by Pakistan's Prime
Minister and Chief of Army Staff showed involvement of Pakistani paramilitary
forces. The Indian Army, supported by the Indian Air Force, attacked the Pakistani
positions and, with international diplomatic support, eventually forced a Pakistani
withdrawal across the Line of Control.
• Social Effects
Social effects of war of between Pakistan & include harsh emotions for
India’s. The war of 1965 & 1999 as won by Pakistan left a small amount of
social problems for Pakistani people, but the major social problems arose due
to the War of 1971 when West Pakistan bore independence due to political
problems in the west wing. Pakistan lost this War & many people lost their
Bengali brothers as a result to this war. People after this war were
shocked & traumatized.
Before the starting of the war & after it a group called “MUKTI BANI” were
involved in numerous crimes like robberies, martyring innocent people
from East Pakistan. Socially the East Pakistan at that time was not a great
place to live because of increasing rate of crime there.
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
960 Rupees
19 569,114 16.28 30
85 Pakistani
Rupees
Now in the above table you can see that the Currency level with respect to
Dollar & the Inflation increased due to these wars & terror. People
stopped investing because of being unsure about the future; no foreign
investment was made during the years of conflict. Due to this the process
of development stopped & Pakistan is facing difficulties up till this day.
Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War, was also seminal in the rise of
Mujahedeen’s in central Asia.
• Terrorist Groups
More over now after so many years, the Afghan and foreign Mujahedeen
which took part in the Soviet War afterwards starting misusing their
powers by using them in terrorist activities, nowadays in Pakistan 100%
terrorist attacks are carried out by these Terrorist groups a detail of
which is given below.
Lashkar-e-Omar
is a terrorist organization which is believed to have its members
derived from 3 organizations, Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HuJI), Lashkar-e-
Jhangvi (LeJ) and Jaish-e-Mohammed The main terrorist activities for which it
has been accused are:
“March 17, 2002 grenade attack on a church in the heavily guarded diplomatic
enclave in Islamabad in which five persons, including a US diplomat's wife and
daughter, were killed and 41 others injured”
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Social Impact Of
Terrorism On National Development
“Involved in the suicide bombing outside the Sheraton Hotel in Karachi on May 8,
2002 and the June 14th attack on the US consulate in Karachi, in which 10 persons,
including five women, were killed and 51 others injured.”
Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan
“September 21, 2004: Suspected SSP members gunned down at least three
members of a Shia family in a sectarian attack in Dera Ismail Khan”
“March 2, 2004 More than 45 people killed and over 100 wounded in an attack on
Shi'a Muslims in Quetta”
“It has also been involved in assassinating Iranian diplomats with the most severe
being the killing of five Iranian Air Force cadets in Rawalpindi in 1997”
Apart from these attacks Pakistan numerous other attacks have taken place which
cost human life’s, Social Problems & Development challenges for Pakistan.
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