Chapter 9, Solution 1.

(a) angular frequency ω = 103 rad/s

ω
(b) frequency f = = 159.2 Hz
2π

1
(c) period T = = 6.283 ms
f

(d) Since sin(A) = cos(A – 90°),

vs = 12 sin(103t + 24°) = 12 cos(103t + 24° – 90°)
vs in cosine form is vs = 12 cos(103t – 66°) V

(e) vs(2.5 ms) = 12 sin((10 3 )(2.5 × 10 -3 ) + 24°)

= 12 sin(2.5 + 24°) = 12 sin(143.24° + 24°)
= 2.65 V

Chapter 9, Solution 2.

(a) amplitude = 8 A

(b) ω = 500π = 1570.8 rad/s

ω
(c) f = = 250 Hz
2π

(d) Is = 8∠-25° A
Is(2 ms) = 8 cos((500π )(2 × 10 -3 ) − 25°)
= 8 cos(π − 25°) = 8 cos(155°)
= -7.25 A

Chapter 9, Solution 3.

(a) 4 sin(ωt – 30°) = 4 cos(ωt – 30° – 90°) = 4 cos(ωt – 120°)

(b) -2 sin(6t) = 2 cos(6t + 90°)

(c) -10 sin(ωt + 20°) = 10 cos(ωt + 20° + 90°) = 10 cos(ωt + 110°)

Chapter 9, Solution 4.

(a) v = 8 cos(7t + 15°) = 8 sin(7t + 15° + 90°) = 8 sin(7t + 105°)

(b) i = -10 sin(3t – 85°) = 10 cos(3t – 85° + 90°) = 10 cos(3t + 5°)

Chapter 9, Solution 5.

v1 = 20 sin(ωt + 60°) = 20 cos(ωt + 60° − 90°) = 20 cos(ωt − 30°)

v2 = 60 cos(ωt − 10°)

This indicates that the phase angle between the two signals is 20° and that v1 lags
v2.

Chapter 9, Solution 6.

(a) v(t) = 10 cos(4t – 60°)

i(t) = 4 sin(4t + 50°) = 4 cos(4t + 50° – 90°) = 4 cos(4t – 40°)
Thus, i(t) leads v(t) by 20°.

(b) v1(t) = 4 cos(377t + 10°)

v2(t) = -20 cos(377t) = 20 cos(377t + 180°)
Thus, v2(t) leads v1(t) by 170°.

(c) x(t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 sin(2t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 cos(2t – 90°)

X = 13∠0° + 5∠-90° = 13 – j5 = 13.928∠-21.04°
x(t) = 13.928 cos(2t – 21.04°)
y(t) = 15 cos(2t – 11.8°)
phase difference = -11.8° + 21.04° = 9.24°
Thus, y(t) leads x(t) by 9.24°.

Chapter 9, Solution 7.

If f(φ) = cosφ + j sinφ,

df
= -sinφ + j cos φ = j (cos φ + j sin φ) = j f (φ )
dφ

df
= j dφ
f
 Integrating both sides

ln f = jφ + ln A

f = Aejφ = cosφ + j sinφ

f(0) = A = 1

i.e. f(φ) = ejφ = cosφ + j sinφ

Chapter 9, Solution 8.

15∠45° 15∠45°
(a) + j2 = + j2
3 − j4 5∠ - 53.13°
= 3∠98.13° + j2
= -0.4245 + j2.97 + j2
= -0.4243 + j4.97

(b) (2 + j)(3 – j4) = 6 – j8 + j3 + 4 = 10 – j5 = 11.18∠-26.57°

8∠ - 20° 10 8∠ - 20° (-5 − j12)(10)
+ = +
(2 + j)(3 - j4) - 5 + j12 11.18∠ - 26.57° 25 + 144
= 0.7156∠6.57° − 0.2958
− j0.71
= 0.7109 + j0.08188 −
0.2958 − j0.71
= 0.4151 − j0.6281

(c) 10 + (8∠50°)(13∠-68.38°) = 10+104∠-17.38°

= 109.25 – j31.07

Chapter 9, Solution 9.

3 + j4 (3 + j4)(5 + j8)
(a) 2+ = 2+
5 − j8 25 + 64
15 + j24 + j20 − 32
= 2+
89
= 1.809 + j0.4944

1 − j2 2.236 ∠ - 63.43°
(b) 4∠-10° + = 4∠-10° +
3∠6° 3∠6°
 = 4∠-10° + 0.7453∠-69.43°
= 3.939 – j0.6946 + 0.2619 – j0.6978
= 4.201 – j1.392

8∠10° + 6 ∠ - 20° 7.879 + j1.3892 + 5.638 − j2.052

(c) =
9∠80° − 4∠50° 1.5628 + j8.863 − 2.571 − j3.064
13.517 − j0.6629 13.533∠ - 2.81°
= =
− 1.0083 + j5.799 5.886∠99.86°
= 2.299∠-102.67°
= -0.5043 – j2.243

Chapter 9, Solution 10.

(a) z1 = 6 − j8, z 2 = 8.66 − j 5, and z 3 = −4 − j 6.9282

z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 10.66 − j19.93

z1 z 2
(b) = 9.999 + j 7.499
z3

Chapter 9, Solution 11.

(a) z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

= -36 – j15 + j48 – 20
= -56 + j33

z1 - 3 + j4 (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

(b) ∗ = = = -0.3314 + j0.1953
z2 12 − j5 144 + 25

(c) z 1 + z 2 = (-3 + j4) + (12 + j5) = 9 + j9

z 1 − z 2 = (-3 + j4) – (12 + j5) = -15 – j
z1 + z 2 9 (1 + j) - 9 (1 + j)(15 - j) - 9 (16 + j14)
= = =
z1 − z 2 - (15 + j) 15 2 − 12 226
= -0.6372 – j0.5575
Chapter 9, Solution 12.

(a) z 1 z 2 = (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

= -36 – j15 + j48 – 20
= -56 + j33

z1 - 3 + j4 (-3 + j4)(12 + j5)

(b) ∗ = = = -0.3314 + j0.1953
z2 12 − j5 144 + 25

(c) z 1 + z 2 = (-3 + j4) + (12 + j5) = 9 + j9

z 1 − z 2 = (-3 + j4) – (12 + j5) = -15 – j
z1 + z 2 9 (1 + j) - 9 (1 + j)(15 - j) - 9 (16 + j14)
= = =
z1 − z 2 - (15 + j) 15 − 1
2 2
226
= -0.6372 – j0.5575

Chapter 9, Solution 13.

(a) (−0.4324 + j 0.4054)+ (−0.8425 − j 0.2534) = − 1.2749 + j 0.1520

50∠ − 30 o
(b) = − 2.0833
24∠150 o

(c) (2+j3)(8-j5) –(-4) = 35 +j14

Chapter 9, Solution 14.

3 − j14
(a) = − 0.5751 + j 0.5116
− 15 + j11

(62.116 + j 231.82 + 138.56 − j80)(60 − j80) 24186 − 6944.9

(b) = = − 1.922 − j11.55
(67 + j84)(16.96 + j10.5983) 246.06 + j 2134.7

(c) (− 2 + j 4 )
2
(260 − j120) = − 256.4 − j 200.89
Chapter 9, Solution 15.

10 + j6 2 − j3
(a) = -10 – j6 + j10 – 6 + 10 – j15
-5 -1 + j
= -6 – j11

20∠ − 30° - 4∠ - 10°

(b) = 60∠15° + 64∠-10°
16∠0° 3∠45°
= 57.96 + j15.529 + 63.03 – j11.114
= 120.99 – j4.415

1− j − j 0
j 1 −j
(c) 1 j 1+ j = 1 + 1 + 0 − 1 − 0 + j2 (1 − j) + j2 (1 + j)
1− j − j 0
j 1 −j
= 1 − 1 (1 − j + 1 + j)
= 1 – 2 = -1

Chapter 9, Solution 16.

(a) -10 cos(4t + 75°) = 10 cos(4t + 75° − 180°)

= 10 cos(4t − 105°)
The phasor form is 10∠-105°

(b) 5 sin(20t – 10°) = 5 cos(20t – 10° – 90°)

= 5 cos(20t – 100°)
The phasor form is 5∠-100°

(c) 4 cos(2t) + 3 sin(2t) = 4 cos(2t) + 3 cos(2t – 90°)

The phasor form is 4∠0° + 3∠-90° = 4 – j3 = 5∠-36.87°

Chapter 9, Solution 17.

(a) Let A = 8∠-30° + 6∠0°

= 12.928 – j4
= 13.533∠-17.19°
a(t) = 13.533 cos(5t + 342.81°)
 (b) We know that -sinα = cos(α + 90°).
Let B = 20∠45° + 30∠(20° + 90°)
= 14.142 + j14.142 – 10.261 + j28.19
= 3.881 + j42.33
= 42.51∠84.76°
b(t) = 42.51 cos(120πt + 84.76°)

(c) Let C = 4∠-90° + 3∠(-10° – 90°)

= -j4 – 0.5209 – j2.954
= 6.974∠265.72°
c(t) = 6.974 cos(8t + 265.72°)

Chapter 9, Solution 18.

(a) v1 ( t ) = 60 cos(t + 15°)

(b) V2 = 6 + j8 = 10∠53.13°
v 2 ( t ) = 10 cos(40t + 53.13°)

(c) i1 ( t ) = 2.8 cos(377t – π/3)

(d) I 2 = -0.5 – j1.2 = 1.3∠247.4°

i 2 ( t ) = 1.3 cos(103t + 247.4°)

Chapter 9, Solution 19.

(a) 3∠10° − 5∠-30° = 2.954 + j0.5209 – 4.33 + j2.5

= -1.376 + j3.021
= 3.32∠114.49°
Therefore, 3 cos(20t + 10°) – 5 cos(20t – 30°) = 3.32 cos(20t +
114.49°)

(b) 4∠-90° + 3∠-45° = -j40 + 21.21 – j21.21

= 21.21 – j61.21
= 64.78∠-70.89°
Therefore, 40 sin(50t) + 30 cos(50t – 45°) = 64.78 cos(50t – 70.89°)

(c) Using sinα = cos(α − 90°),

20∠-90° + 10∠60° − 5∠-110° = -j20 + 5 + j8.66 + 1.7101 + j4.699
= 6.7101 – j6.641
= 9.44∠-44.7°
Therefore, 20 sin(400t) + 10 cos(400t + 60°) – 5 sin(400t – 20°)
= 9.44 cos(400t – 44.7°)
Chapter 9, Solution 20.

(a) V = 4∠− 60 o − 90 o − 5∠40 o = −3.464 − j 2 − 3.83 − j 3.2139 = 8.966∠ − 4.399 o

Hence,
v = 8.966 cos(377t − 4.399 o )

(b) I = 10∠0 o + jω 8∠20 o − 90 o , ω = 5 , i.e. I = 10 + 40∠20 o = 49.51∠16.04 o

i = 49.51 cos(5t + 16.04 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 21.

(a) F = 5∠15 o − 4∠− 30 o − 90 o = 6.8296 + j 4.758 = 8.3236∠34.86 o

f (t ) = 8.324 cos(30t + 34.86 o )

(b) G = 8∠ − 90 o + 4∠50 o = 2.571 − j 4.9358 = 5.565∠ − 62.49 o

g (t ) = 5.565 cos(t − 62.49 o )

(c) H =
1
jω
(10∠0 o + 5∠ − 90 o ), ω = 40
i.e. H = 0.25∠ − 90 o + 0.125∠ − 180 o = − j 0.25 − 0.125 = 0.2795∠ − 116.6 o

h(t ) = 0.2795 cos(40t − 116.6 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 22.

t
dv
Let f(t) = 10v(t ) + 4 − 2 ∫ v(t )dt
dt −∞
2V
F = 10V + jω 4V − , ω = 5, V = 20∠ − 30 o
jω

F = 10V + j 20V − j 0.4V = (10 − j19.6)(17.32 − j10) = 440.1∠ − 92.97 o

f (t ) = 440.1 cos(5t − 92.97 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 23.

(a) v(t) = 40 cos(ωt – 60°)

(b) V = -30∠10° + 50∠60°

= -4.54 + j38.09
= 38.36∠96.8°
v(t) = 38.36 cos(ωt + 96.8°)

(c) I = j6∠-10° = 6∠(90° − 10°) = 6∠80°

i(t) = 6 cos(ωt + 80°)

2
(d) I = + 10∠-45° = -j2 + 7.071 – j7.071
j
= 11.5∠-52.06°
i(t) = 11.5 cos(ωt – 52.06°)

Chapter 9, Solution 24.

(a)
V
V+ = 10∠0°, ω = 1
jω
V (1 − j) = 10
10
V= = 5 + j5 = 7.071∠45°
1− j
Therefore, v(t) = 7.071 cos(t + 45°)

(b)
4V
jωV + 5V + = 20∠(10° − 90°), ω = 4
jω
 4
V  j4 + 5 +  = 20 ∠ - 80°
 j4 
20∠ - 80°
V= = 3.43∠ - 110.96°
5 + j3
Therefore, v(t) = 3.43 cos(4t – 110.96°)
Chapter 9, Solution 25.

(a)
2jωI + 3I = 4∠ - 45°, ω = 2
I (3 + j4) = 4∠ - 45°
4∠ - 45° 4∠ - 45°
I= = = 0.8∠ - 98.13°
3 + j4 5∠53.13°
Therefore, i(t) = 0.8 cos(2t – 98.13°)

(b)
I
10 + jωI + 6I = 5∠22°, ω = 5
jω
(- j2 + j5 + 6) I = 5∠22°
5∠22° 5∠22°
I= = = 0.745∠ - 4.56°
6 + j3 6.708∠26.56°
Therefore, i(t) = 0.745 cos(5t – 4.56°)

Chapter 9, Solution 26.

I
jωI + 2I + = 1∠0°, ω = 2
jω
 1
I  j2 + 2 +  = 1
 j2 
1
I= = 0.4∠ - 36.87°
2 + j1.5
Therefore, i(t) = 0.4 cos(2t – 36.87°)

Chapter 9, Solution 27.

V
jωV + 50V + 100 = 110∠ - 10°, ω = 377
jω
 j100 
V  j377 + 50 −  = 110∠ - 10°
 377 
V (380.6∠82.45°) = 110∠ - 10°
V = 0.289 ∠ - 92.45°

Therefore, v(t) = 0.289 cos(377t – 92.45°).

Chapter 9, Solution 28.

v s ( t ) 110 cos(377 t )
i( t ) = = = 13.75 cos(377t) A.
R 8

Chapter 9, Solution 29.

1 1
Z= = = - j 0.5
jωC j (10 )(2 × 10 -6 )
6

V = IZ = (4∠25°)(0.5∠ - 90°) = 2 ∠ - 65°

Therefore v(t) = 2 sin(106t – 65°) V.

Chapter 9, Solution 30.

Z = jωL = j (500)(4 × 10 -3 ) = j2
V 60 ∠ - 65°
I= = = 30∠ - 155°
Z 2∠90°
Therefore, i(t) = 30 cos(500t – 155°) A.

Chapter 9, Solution 31.

i(t) = 10 sin(ωt + 30°) = 10 cos(ωt + 30° − 90°) = 10 cos(ωt − 60°)

Thus, I = 10∠-60°

v(t) = -65 cos(ωt + 120°) = 65 cos(ωt + 120° − 180°) = 65 cos(ωt − 60°)

Thus, V = 65∠-60°

V 65∠ - 60°
Z= = = 6.5 Ω
I 10∠ - 60°

Since V and I are in phase, the element is a resistor with R = 6.5 Ω.

Chapter 9, Solution 32.

V = 180∠10°, I = 12∠-30°, ω = 2

V 180∠10°
Z= = = 15∠40° = 11.49 + j 9.642 Ω
I 12∠ - 30°

One element is a resistor with R = 11.49 Ω.

The other element is an inductor with ωL = 9.642 or L = 4.821 H.

Chapter 9, Solution 33.

110 = v 2R + v 2L
v L = 110 2 − v 2R
v L = 110 2 − 85 2 = 69.82 V

Chapter 9, Solution 34.

1 1
v o = 0 if ωL = 
→ ω =
ωC LC

1
ω= = 100 rad/s
(5 × 10 −3 )(2 × 10 − 3 )

Chapter 9, Solution 35.

Vs = 5∠0°
jωL = j (2)(1) = j2
1 1
= = - j2
jωC j (2)(0.25)

j2 j2
Vo = Vs = 5∠0° = (1∠90°)(5∠0°) = 5∠90°
2 − j2 + j2 2
Thus, v o ( t ) = 5 cos(2t + 90°) = -5 sin(2t) V
Chapter 9, Solution 36.

Let Z be the input impedance at the source.

100 mH 
→ jωL = j 200 x100 x10 −3 = j 20

1 1
10 µF 
→ = = − j 500
jωC j10 x10 −6 x 200

1000//-j500 = 200 –j400

1000//(j20 + 200 –j400) = 242.62 –j239.84

Z = 2242.62 − j 239.84 = 2255∠ − 6.104 o

60∠ − 10 o
I= = 26.61∠ − 3.896 o mA
2255∠ − 6.104 o

i = 266.1 cos(200t − 3.896 o )

Chapter 9, Solution 37.

jωL = j (5)(1) = j5

1 1
= = -j
jωC j (5)(0.2)

(2)( j5) j10

Let Z1 = - j , Z 2 = 2 || j5 = =
2 + j5 2 + j5

Z2
Then, Ix = I , where I s = 2∠0°
Z1 + Z 2 s

j10
2 + j5 j20
Ix = (2) = = 2.12 ∠32°
j10 5 + j8
- j+
2 + j5

Therefore, i x ( t ) = 2.12 sin(5t + 32°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 38.

1 1 1
(a) F 
→ = = - j2
6 jωC j (3)(1 / 6)

- j2
I= (10 ∠45°) = 4.472∠ - 18.43°
4 − j2
Hence, i(t) = 4.472 cos(3t – 18.43°) A

V = 4I = (4)(4.472∠ - 18.43°) = 17.89∠ - 18.43°

Hence, v(t) = 17.89 cos(3t – 18.43°) V

1 1 1
(b) F 
→ = = - j3
12 jωC j (4)(1 / 12)
3H 
→ jωL = j (4)(3) = j12

V 50∠0°
I= = = 10∠36.87°
Z 4 − j3
Hence, i(t) = 10 cos(4t + 36.87°) A

j12
V= (50∠0°) = 41.6 ∠33.69°
8 + j12
Hence, v(t) = 41.6 cos(4t + 33.69°) V

Chapter 9, Solution 39.

( j5)(- j10)
Z = 8 + j5 || (- j10) = 8 + = 8 + j10
j5 − j10

V 40 ∠0° 20
I= = = = 3.124∠ - 51.34°
Z 8 + j10 6.403∠51.34°

- j10
I1 = I = 2 I = 6.248∠ - 51.34°
j5 − j10

j5
I2 = I = - I = 3.124∠128.66°
- j5

Therefore, i1 ( t ) = 6.248 cos(120πt – 51.34°) A

i 2 ( t ) = 3.124 cos(120πt + 128.66°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 40.

(a) For ω = 1 ,
1H  → jωL = j (1)(1) = j
1 1
0.05 F  → = = - j20
jωC j (1)(0.05)
- j40
Z = j + 2 || (- j20) = j + = 1.98 + j0.802
2 − j20

V 4 ∠0° 4∠0°
Io = = = = 1.872 ∠ - 22.05°
Z 1.98 + j0.802 2.136∠22.05°
Hence, i o ( t ) = 1.872 cos(t – 22.05°) A

(b) For ω = 5 ,
1H  → jωL = j (5)(1) = j5
1 1
0.05 F  → = = - j4
jωC j (5)(0.05)
- j4
Z = j5 + 2 || (- j4) = j5 + = 1.6 + j4.2
1 − j2

V 4∠0° 4∠0°
Io = = = = 0.89∠ - 69.14°
Z 1.6 + j4 4.494∠69.14°
Hence, i o ( t ) = 0.89 cos(5t – 69.14°) A

(c) For ω = 10 ,
1H  → jωL = j (10)(1) = j10
1 1
0.05 F  → = = - j2
jωC j (10)(0.05)
- j4
Z = j10 + 2 || (- j2) = j10 + = 1 + j9
2 − j2

V 4∠0° 4 ∠0°
Io = = = = 0.4417 ∠ - 83.66°
Z 1 + j9 9.055∠83.66°
Hence, i o ( t ) = 0.4417 cos(10t – 83.66°) A
Chapter 9, Solution 41.

ω = 1,
1H  → jωL = j (1)(1) = j

1 1
1F 
→ = = -j
jωC j (1)(1)

- j+1
Z = 1 + (1 + j) || (- j) = 1 + = 2− j
1

Vs 10
I= = , I c = (1 + j) I
Z 2− j

(1 − j)(10)
V = (- j)(1 + j) I = (1 − j) I = = 6.325∠ - 18.43°
2− j

Thus, v(t) = 6.325 cos(t – 18.43°) V

Chapter 9, Solution 42.

ω = 200
1 1
50 µF 
→ = = - j100
jωC j (200)(50 × 10 -6 )

0.1 H 
→ jωL = j (200)(0.1) = j20

(50)(-j100) - j100
50 || -j100 = = = 40 − j20
50 − j100 1 - j2

j20 j20
Vo = (60∠0°) = (60∠0°) = 17.14 ∠90°
j20 + 30 + 40 − j20 70

Thus, v o ( t ) = 17.14 sin(200t + 90°) V

or v o ( t ) = 17.14 cos(200t) V
Chapter 9, Solution 43.

ω= 2
1H 
→ jωL = j (2)(1) = j2

1 1
1F 
→ = = - j0.5
jωC j (2)(1)

j2 − j0.5 j1.5
Io = I= 4∠0° = 3.328∠33.69°
j2 − j0.5 + 1 1 + j1.5

Thus, i o ( t ) = 3.328 cos(2t + 33.69°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 44.

ω = 200
10 mH → jωL = j (200)(10 × 10 -3 ) = j2

1 1
5 mF 
→ = = -j
jωC j (200)(5 × 10 -3 )

1 1 1 3+ j
Y= + + = 0.25 − j0.5 + = 0.55 − j0.4
4 j2 3 − j 10

1 1
Z= = = 1.1892 + j0.865
Y 0.55 − j0.4

6∠0° 6∠0°
I= = = 0.96 ∠ - 7.956°
5 + Z 6.1892 + j0.865

Thus, i(t) = 0.96 cos(200t – 7.956°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 45.

We obtain I o by applying the principle of current division twice.

I I2 I2 Io

Z1 Z2 -j2 Ω 2Ω

(a) (b)

- j4
Z 1 = - j2 , Z 2 = j4 + (-j2) || 2 = j4 + = 1 + j3
2 - j2

Z1 - j2 - j10
I2 = I= (5∠0°) =
Z1 + Z 2 - j2 + 1 + j3 1+ j

- j2  - j  - j10  - 10
Io = I2 =   = = -5 A
2 - j2 1 - j  1 + j  1 + 1

Chapter 9, Solution 46.

i s = 5 cos(10 t + 40°) 
→ I s = 5∠40°

1 1
0.1 F 
→ = = -j
jωC j (10)(0.1)

0.2 H 
→ jωL = j (10)(0.2) = j2

j8
Let Z1 = 4 || j2 = = 0.8 + j1.6 , Z2 = 3 − j
4 + j2

Z1 0.8 + j1.6
Io = Is = (5∠40°)
Z1 + Z 2 3.8 + j0.6

(1.789∠63.43°)(5∠40°)
Io = = 2.325∠94.46°
3.847 ∠8.97°

Thus, i o ( t ) = 2.325 cos(10t + 94.46°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 47.

First, we convert the circuit into the frequency domain.

Ix 2Ω j4

+
5∠0˚ -j10 20 Ω
−

5 5 5
Ix = = = = 0.4607∠52.63°
− j10(20 + j4) 2 + 4.588 − j8.626 10.854∠ − 52.63°
2+
− j10 + 20 + j4

is(t) = 0.4607cos(2000t +52.63˚) A

Chapter 9, Solution 48.

Converting the circuit to the frequency domain, we get:

10 Ω V1 30 Ω
Ix

+ -j20
20∠-40˚ −
j20

We can solve this using nodal analysis.

 V1 − 20∠ − 40° V1 − 0 V −0
+ + 1 =0
10 j20 30 − j20
V1(0.1 − j0.05 + 0.02307 + j0.01538) = 2∠ − 40°
2∠40°
V1 = = 15.643∠ − 24.29°
0.12307 − j0.03462
15.643∠ − 24.29°
Ix = = 0.4338∠9.4°
30 − j20
ix = 0.4338 sin(100 t + 9.4°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 49.

( j2)(1 − j)
Z T = 2 + j2 || (1 − j) = 2 + =4
1+ j

I Ix 1Ω

j2 Ω -j Ω

j2 j2 1
Ix = I= I, where I x = 0.5∠0° =
j2 + 1 − j 1+ j 2
1+ j 1+ j
I= Ix =
j2 j4

1+ j 1+ j
Vs = I Z T = (4) = = 1 − j = 1.414∠ - 45°
j4 j
v s ( t ) = 1.414 sin(200t – 45°) V

Chapter 9, Solution 50.

Since ω = 100, the inductor = j100x0.1 = j10 Ω and the capacitor = 1/(j100x10-3)
= -j10Ω.
j10 Ix

+
5∠40˚ -j10 20 Ω vx
−
 Using the current dividing rule:

− j10
Ix = 5∠40° = − j2.5∠40° = 2.5∠ − 50°
− j10 + 20 + j10
Vx = 20I x = 50∠ − 50°
v x = 50 cos(100t − 50°) V

Chapter 9, Solution 51.

1 1
0.1 F 
→ = = - j5
jωC j (2)(0.1)
0.5 H 
→ jωL = j (2)(0.5) = j

The current I through the 2-Ω resistor is

1 Is
I= Is = , where I = 10 ∠0°
1 − j5 + j + 2 3 − j4
I s = (10)(3 − j4) = 50∠ - 53.13°

Therefore,
i s ( t ) = 50 cos(2t – 53.13°) A

Chapter 9, Solution 52.

j25 j5
5 || j5 = = = 2.5 + j2.5
5 + j5 1 + j

Z1 = 10 , Z 2 = - j5 + 2.5 + j2.5 = 2.5 − j2.5

I2

IS Z1 Z2
 Z1 10 4
I2 = Is = Is = I
Z1 + Z 2 12.5 − j2.5 5− j s

Vo = I 2 (2.5 + j2.5)

 4  10 (1 + j)
8∠30° =   I s (2.5)(1 + j) = I
5 − j 5− j s

(8∠30°)(5 − j)
Is = = 2.884∠-26.31° A
10 (1 + j)

Chapter 9, Solution 53.

Convert the delta to wye subnetwork as shown below.

Z1 Z2

Io 2Ω
Z3

+
10 Ω
60∠ − 30 V o
8Ω

− j 2 x4 j6 x4
Z1 = = 0.1532 − j 0.7692, Z2 = = −0.4615 + j 2.3077,
10 − j 2 10 − j 2

12
Z3 = = 1.1538 + j 0.2308
10 − j 2

( Z 3 + 8) //( Z 2 + 10) = (9.1538 + j 0.2308) //(9.5385 + j 2.3077) = 4.726 + j 0.6062

Z = 2 + Z 1 + 4.726 + j 0.6062 = 6.878 − j 0.163

60∠ − 30 o 60∠ − 30 o
Io = = = 8.721∠ − 28.64 o A
Z o
6.88∠ − 1.3575
Chapter 9, Solution 54.

Since the left portion of the circuit is twice as large as the right portion, the
equivalent circuit is shown below.
Vs
+ −
+ −
2Z V2 V1 Z

− +

V1 = I o (1 − j) = 2 (1 − j)
V2 = 2V1 = 4 (1 − j)
Vs = V1 + V2 = 6 (1 − j)
Vs = 8.485∠-45° V

Chapter 9, Solution 55.

12 Ω I I1 Z

I2 +
+
-j20 V Vo j8 Ω
− -j4 Ω
−

Vo 4
I1 = = = -j0.5
j 8 j8

I 1 (Z + j8) (-j0.5)(Z + j8) Z

I2 = = = +j
- j4 - j4 8

Z Z
I = I 1 + I 2 = -j0.5 + + j = + j0.5
8 8

- j20 = 12 I + I 1 (Z + j8)

Z j - j
- j20 = 12  +  + (Z + j8)
 8 2 2
 3 1
- 4 - j26 = Z  − j 
2 2

- 4 - j26 26.31∠261.25°
Z= = = 16.64∠279.68°
3 1 1.5811∠ - 18.43°
−j
2 2

Z = 2.798 – j16.403 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 56.

3H 
→ jωL = j 30

1
3F 
→ = − j / 30
jω C

1
1.5F 
→ = − j / 15
jω C

−j
j 30 x
j 30 //( − j / 15) = 15 = − j 0.06681
j
j 30 −
15

−j − j 0.033(2 − j 0.06681)
Z= //(2 − j 0.06681) = = 6 − j 333 mΩ
30 − j 0.033 + 2 − j 0.06681

Chapter 9, Solution 57.

2H 
→ jωL = j 2

1
1F 
→ =−j
jω C

j2(2 − j)
Z = 1 + j2 //( 2 − j) = 1 + = 2.6 + j1.2
j2 + 2 − j

Y = 1 = 0.3171 − j0.1463 S
Z
Chapter 9, Solution 58.

1 1
(a) 10 mF 
→ = = - j2
jωC j (50)(10 × 10 -3 )
10 mH 
→ jωL = j (50)(10 × 10 -3 ) = j0.5

Z in = j0.5 + 1 || (1 − j2)
1 − j2
Z in = j0.5 +
2 − j2
Z in = j0.5 + 0.25 (3 − j)
Z in = 0.75 + j0.25 Ω

(b) 0.4 H 
→ jωL = j (50)(0.4) = j20
0.2 H 
→ jωL = j (50)(0.2) = j10
1 1
1 mF 
→ = = - j20
jωC j (50)(1 × 10 -3 )

For the parallel elements,

1 1 1 1
= + +
Z p 20 j10 - j20
Z p = 10 + j10
Then,
Z in = 10 + j20 + Z p = 20 + j30 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 59.

Z eq = 6 + (1 − j2) || (2 + j4)

(1 − j2)(2 + j4)
Z eq = 6 +
(1 − j2) + (2 + j4)

Z eq = 6 + 2.308 − j1.5385

Z eq = 8.308 – j1.5385 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 60.

Z = (25 + j15) + (20 − j 50) //(30 + j10) = 25 + j15 + 26.097 − j 5.122 = 51.1 + j 9.878Ω
Chapter 9, Solution 61.

All of the impedances are in parallel.

1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
Z eq 1 − j 1 + j2 j5 1 + j3

1
= (0.5 + j0.5) + (0.2 − j0.4) + (- j0.2) + (0.1 − j0.3) = 0.8 − j0.4
Z eq

1
Z eq = = 1 + j0.5 Ω
0.8 − j0.4

Chapter 9, Solution 62.

2 mH 
→ jωL = j (10 × 10 3 )(2 × 10 -3 ) = j20
1 1
1 µF 
→ = = - j100
jωC j (10 × 10 )(1 × 10 -6 )
3

50 Ω j20 Ω

+ −
+ V
1∠0° A Vin 2V
+
−

-j100 Ω

V = (1∠0°)(50) = 50

Vin = (1∠0°)(50 + j20 − j100) + (2)(50)

Vin = 50 − j80 + 100 = 150 − j80

Vin
Z in = = 150 – j80 Ω
1∠0°
Chapter 9, Solution 63.

First, replace the wye composed of the 20-ohm, 10-ohm, and j15-ohm impedances with
the corresponding delta.

200 + j150 + j300

z1 = = 20 + j45
10
200 + j450 200 + j450
z2 = = 30 − j13.333, z3 = = 10 + j22.5
j15 20

8Ω –j12 Ω –j16 Ω

z2
10 Ω
ZT z1

z3
10 Ω
–j16 Ω

Now all we need to do is to combine impedances.

(30 − j13.333)(10 − j16)

z 2 (10 − j16) = = 8.721 − j8.938
40 − j29.33
z3 (10 − j16) = 21.70 − j3.821
ZT = 8 − j12 + z1 (8.721 − j8.938 + 21.7 − j3.821) = 34.69 − j6.93Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 64.

− j10(6 + j8)
ZT = 4 + = 19 − j5Ω
6 − j2
30∠90°
I= = −0.3866 + j1.4767 = 1.527∠104.7° A
ZT
Chapter 9, Solution 65.

Z T = 2 + (4 − j6) || (3 + j4)

(4 − j6)(3 + j4)
ZT = 2 +
7 − j2

Z T = 6.83 + j1.094 Ω = 6.917∠9.1° Ω

V 120 ∠10°
I= = = 17.35∠0.9° A
Z T 6.917 ∠9.1°

Chapter 9, Solution 66.

(20 − j5)(40 + j10) 170

Z T = (20 − j5) || (40 + j10) = = (12 − j)
60 + j5 145

Z T = 14.069 – j1.172 Ω = 14.118∠-4.76°

V 60∠90°
I= = = 4.25∠94.76°
Z T 14.118∠ - 4.76°

I1 I2

20 Ω j10 Ω

+ −
Vab

40 + j10 8 + j2
I1 = I= I
60 + j5 12 + j

20 − j5 4− j
I2 = I= I
60 + j5 12 + j

Vab = -20 I 1 + j10 I 2

 - (160 + j40) 10 + j40
Vab = I+ I
12 + j 12 + j

- 150 (-12 + j)(150)

Vab = I= I
12 + j 145

Vab = (12.457 ∠175.24°)(4.25∠97.76°)

Vab = 52.94∠273° V

Chapter 9, Solution 67.

(a) 20 mH 
→ jωL = j (10 3 )(20 × 10 -3 ) = j20
1 1
12.5 µF 
→ = = - j80
jωC j (10 )(12.5 × 10 -6 )
3

Z in = 60 + j20 || (60 − j80)

( j20)(60 − j80)
Z in = 60 +
60 − j60
Z in = 63.33 + j23.33 = 67.494 ∠20.22°

1
Yin = = 0.0148∠-20.22° S
Z in

(b) 10 mH 
→ jωL = j (10 3 )(10 × 10 -3 ) = j10
1 1
20 µF 
→ = = - j50
jωC j (10 3 )(20 × 10 -6 )
30 || 60 = 20

Z in = - j50 + 20 || (40 + j10)

(20)(40 + j10)
Z in = - j50 +
60 + j10
Z in = 13.5 − j48.92 = 50.75∠ - 74.56°

1
Yin = = 0.0197∠74.56° S = 5.24 + j18.99 mS
Z in
Chapter 9, Solution 68.

1 1 1
Yeq = + +
5 − j2 3 + j - j4

Yeq = (0.1724 + j0.069) + (0.3 − j0.1) + ( j0.25)

Yeq = 0.4724 + j0.219 S

Chapter 9, Solution 69.

1 1 1 1
= + = (1 + j2)
Yo 4 - j2 4

4 (4)(1 − j2)
Yo = = = 0.8 − j1.6
1 + j2 5

Yo + j = 0.8 − j0.6

1 1 1 1
= + + = (1) + ( j0.333) + (0.8 + j0.6)
Yo ′ 1 - j3 0.8 − j0.6

1
= 1.8 + j0.933 = 2.028∠27.41°
Yo ′

Yo ′ = 0.4932∠ - 27.41° = 0.4378 − j0.2271

Yo ′ + j5 = 0.4378 + j4.773

1 1 1 0.4378 − j4.773
= + = 0.5 +
Yeq 2 0.4378 + j4.773 22.97

1
= 0.5191 − j0.2078
Yeq

0.5191 − j0.2078
Yeq = = 1.661 + j0.6647 S
0.3126
Chapter 9, Solution 70.

Make a delta-to-wye transformation as shown in the figure below.

a

Zan

n
Zbn Zcn
Zeq

b c

8Ω
2Ω
-j5 Ω

(- j10)(10 + j15) (10)(15 − j10)

Z an = = = 7 − j9
5 − j10 + 10 + j15 15 + j5

(5)(10 + j15)
Z bn = = 4.5 + j3.5
15 + j5

(5)(- j10)
Z cn = = -1 − j3
15 + j5

Z eq = Z an + (Z bn + 2) || (Z cn + 8 − j5)

Z eq = 7 − j9 + (6.5 + j3.5) || (7 − j8)

(6.5 + j3.5)(7 − j8)

Z eq = 7 − j9 +
13.5 − j4.5

Z eq = 7 − j9 + 5.511 − j0.2

Z eq = 12.51 − j9.2 = 15.53∠-36.33° Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 71.

We apply a wye-to-delta transformation.

j4 Ω

Zab
b
a

Zac Zbc Zeq

1Ω -j2 Ω

2 − j2 + j4 2 + j2
Z ab = = = 1− j
j2 j2

2 + j2
Z ac = = 1+ j
2

2 + j2
Z bc = = -2 + j2
-j

( j4)(1 − j)
j4 || Z ab = j4 || (1 − j) = = 1.6 − j0.8
1 + j3

(1)(1 + j)
1 || Z ac = 1 || (1 + j) = = 0.6 + j0.2
2+ j

j4 || Z ab + 1 || Z ac = 2.2 − j0.6

1 1 1 1
= + +
Z eq - j2 - 2 + j2 2.2 − j0.6

= j0.5 − 0.25 − j0.25 + 0.4231 + j0.1154

= 0.173 + j0.3654 = 0.4043∠64.66°

Z eq = 2.473∠-64.66° Ω = 1.058 – j2.235 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 72.

Transform the delta connections to wye connections as shown below.

a

j2 Ω j2 Ω
-j18 Ω
-j9 Ω
j2 Ω

R1 R2

R3

- j9 || - j18 = - j6 ,

(20)(20) (20)(10) (20)(10)

R1 = = 8 Ω, R2 = = 4Ω, R3 = = 4Ω
20 + 20 + 10 50 50

Z ab = j2 + ( j2 + 8) || (j2 − j6 + 4) + 4

Z ab = 4 + j2 + (8 + j2) || (4 − j4)

(8 + j2)(4 − j4)
Z ab = 4 + j2 +
12 - j2

Z ab = 4 + j2 + 3.567 − j1.4054

Z ab = 7.567 + j0.5946 Ω
Chapter 9, Solution 73.

Transform the delta connection to a wye connection as in Fig. (a) and then
transform the wye connection to a delta connection as in Fig. (b).
a

j2 Ω j2 Ω
-j18 Ω
-j9 Ω
j2 Ω

R1 R2

R3

( j8)(- j6) 48
Z1 = = = - j4.8
j8 + j8 − j6 j10
Z 2 = Z1 = -j4.8
( j8)( j8) - 64
Z3 = = = j6.4
j10 j10

(2 + Z1 )(4 + Z 2 ) + (4 + Z 2 )(Z 3 ) + (2 + Z1 )(Z 3 ) =

(2 − j4.8)(4 − j4.8) + (4 − j4.8)( j6.4) + (2 − j4.8)( j6.4) = 46.4 + j9.6

46.4 + j9.6
Za = = 1.5 − j7.25
j6.4
46.4 + j9.6
Zb = = 3.574 + j6.688
4 − j4.8
46.4 + j9.6
Zc = = 1.727 + j8.945
2 − j4.8

(6∠90°)(7.583∠61.88°)
j6 || Z b = = 07407 + j3.3716
3.574 + j12.688
(-j4)(1.5 − j7.25)
- j4 || Z a = = 0.186 − j2.602
1.5 − j11.25
 (12∠90°)(9.11∠79.07°)
j12 || Z c = = 0.5634 + j5.1693
1.727 + j20.945

Z eq = ( j6 || Z b ) || (- j4 || Z a + j12 || Z c )
Z eq = (0.7407 + j3.3716) || (0.7494 + j2.5673)
Z eq = 1.508∠75.42° Ω = 0.3796 + j1.46 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 74.

One such RL circuit is shown below.

20 Ω V 20 Ω

+ +
Vi = 1∠0° j20 Ω j20 Ω Vo
−

Z
We now want to show that this circuit will produce a 90° phase shift.

( j20)(20 + j20) - 20 + j20

Z = j20 || (20 + j20) = = = 4 (1 + j3)
20 + j40 1 + j2

Z 4 + j12 1 + j3 1
V= Vi = (1∠0°) = = (1 + j)
Z + 20 24 + j12 6 + j3 3

j20  j  1  j
Vo = V =  (1 + j)  = = 0.3333∠90°
20 + j20 1 + j  3  3

This shows that the output leads the input by 90°.

Chapter 9, Solution 75.

Since cos(ωt ) = sin(ωt + 90°) , we need a phase shift circuit that will cause the
output to lead the input by 90°. This is achieved by the RL circuit shown
below, as explained in the previous problem.
 10 Ω 10 Ω

+ +
Vi j10 Ω j10 Ω Vo
− −

This can also be obtained by an RC circuit.

Chapter 9, Solution 76.

1 1
Let Z = R – jX, where X = =
ωC 2πfC

| Z |= R 2 + X 2 
→ X = | Z |2 − R 2 = 1162 = 662 = 95.394

1 1
C= = = 27.81µF
2πfX 2πx 60x95.394

Chapter 9, Solution 77.

- jX c
(a) Vo = V
R − jX c i
1 1
where X c = = = 3.979
ωC (2π)(2 × 10 6 )(20 × 10 -9 )

Vo - j3.979 3.979
= = ∠(-90° + tan -1 (3.979 5))
Vi 5 - j3.979 5 + 3.979
2 2

Vo 3.979
= ∠(-90° − 38.51°)
Vi 25 + 15.83
Vo
= 0.6227 ∠ - 51.49°
Vi

Therefore, the phase shift is 51.49° lagging

 (b) θ = -45° = -90° + tan -1 (X c R )
1
45° = tan -1 (X c R ) 
→ R = X c =
ωC
1
ω = 2πf =
RC
1 1
f= = = 1.5915 MHz
2πRC (2π )(5)(20 × 10 -9 )

Chapter 9, Solution 78.

8+j6
R
Z

-jX

R[8 + j (6 − X )]
Z = R //[8 + j (6 − X )] = =5
R + 8 + j (6 − X )

i.e 8R + j6R – jXR = 5R + 40 + j30 –j5X

Equating real and imaginary parts:

8R = 5R + 40 which leads to R=13.33Ω

6R-XR =30-5 which leads to X=4.125Ω.

Chapter 9, Solution 79.

(a) Consider the circuit as shown.

20 Ω V2 40 Ω V1 30 Ω

+ +
Vi j10 Ω j30 Ω j60 Ω Vo
− −

Z2 Z1
 ( j30)(30 + j60)
Z1 = j30 || (30 + j60) = = 3 + j21
30 + j90
( j10)(43 + j21)
Z 2 = j10 || (40 + Z1 ) = = 1.535 + j8.896 = 9.028∠80.21°
43 + j31

Let Vi = 1∠0° .

Z2 (9.028∠80.21°)(1∠0°)
V2 = Vi =
Z 2 + 20 21.535 + j8.896
V2 = 0.3875∠57.77°

Z1 3 + j21 (21.213∠81.87°)(0.3875∠57.77°)
V1 = V2 = V2 =
Z1 + 40 43 + j21 47.85∠26.03°
V1 = 0.1718∠113.61°

j60 j2 2
Vo = V1 = V1 = (2 + j)V1
30 + j60 1 + j2 5
Vo = (0.8944∠26.56°)(0.1718∠113.6°)
Vo = 0.1536∠140.2°

Therefore, the phase shift is 140.2°

(b) The phase shift is leading.

(c) If Vi = 120 V , then

Vo = (120)(0.1536∠140.2°) = 18.43∠140.2° V
and the magnitude is 18.43 V.

Chapter 9, Solution 80.

200 mH 
→ jωL = j (2π )(60)(200 × 10 -3 ) = j75.4 Ω

j75.4 j75.4
Vo = Vi = (120∠0°)
R + 50 + j75.4 R + 50 + j75.4

(a) When R = 100 Ω ,

j75.4 (75.4∠90°)(120∠0°)
Vo = (120 ∠0°) =
150 + j75.4 167.88∠26.69°
Vo = 53.89∠63.31° V
 (b) When R = 0 Ω ,
j75.4 (75.4∠90°)(120 ∠0°)
Vo = (120∠0°) =
50 + j75.4 90.47 ∠56.45°
Vo = 100∠33.55° V

(c) To produce a phase shift of 45°, the phase of Vo = 90° + 0° − α = 45°.

Hence, α = phase of (R + 50 + j75.4) = 45°.
For α to be 45°, R + 50 = 75.4
Therefore, R = 25.4 Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 81.

1 1
Let Z1 = R 1 , Z2 = R 2 + , Z 3 = R 3 , and Z x = R x + .
jωC 2 jωC x
Z3
Zx = Z
Z1 2
1 R3  1 
Rx + = R 2 + 
jωC x R 1  jωC 2 

R3 1200
Rx = R2 = (600) = 1.8 kΩ
R1 400

1 R3   1  R1  400 
=    → C x = C2 =  (0.3 × 10 -6 ) = 0.1 µF
Cx  R1   C2  R3  1200 

Chapter 9, Solution 82.

R1  100 
Cx = Cs =  (40 × 10 -6 ) = 2 µF
R2  2000 

Chapter 9, Solution 83.

R2  500 
Lx = Ls =  (250 × 10 -3 ) = 104.17 mH
R1 1200 
Chapter 9, Solution 84.

1
Let Z1 = R 1 || , Z2 = R 2 , Z 3 = R 3 , and Z x = R x + jωL x .
jωC s
R1
jωC s R1
Z1 = =
1 jωR 1C s + 1
R1 +
jωC s

Z3
Since Z x = Z ,
Z1 2
jωR 1C s + 1 R 2 R 3
R x + jωL x = R 2 R 3 = (1 + jωR 1C s )
R1 R1

Equating the real and imaginary components,

R 2R 3
Rx =
R1

R 2R 3
ωL x = (ωR 1C s ) implies that
R1
L x = R 2 R 3Cs

Given that R 1 = 40 kΩ , R 2 = 1.6 kΩ , R 3 = 4 kΩ , and C s = 0.45 µF

R 2 R 3 (1.6)(4)
Rx = = kΩ = 0.16 kΩ = 160 Ω
R1 40
L x = R 2 R 3 C s = (1.6)(4)(0.45) = 2.88 H

Chapter 9, Solution 85.

1 1
Let Z1 = R 1 , Z2 = R 2 + , Z 3 = R 3 , and Z 4 = R 4 || .
jωC 2 jωC 4
R4 - jR 4
Z4 = =
jωR 4 C 4 + 1 ωR 4 C 4 − j

Z3
Since Z 4 = Z 
→ Z1 Z 4 = Z 2 Z 3 ,
Z1 2
 - jR 4 R 1  j 
= R 3 R 2 − 
ωR 4 C 4 − j  ωC 2 
- jR 4 R 1 (ωR 4 C 4 + j) jR 3
= R 3R 2 −
ω R 4C4 + 1
2 2 2
ωC 2

Equating the real and imaginary components,

R 1R 4
= R 2R 3
ω R 24 C 24 + 1
2

(1)
ωR 1 R 4 C 4
2
R3
=
ω R 4 C 4 + 1 ωC 2
2 2 2

(2)

Dividing (1) by (2),

1
= ωR 2 C 2
ωR 4 C 4
1
ω2 =
R 2C2R 4C4
1
ω = 2πf =
R 2C2 R 4C4
1
f=
2π R 2 R 4 C 2 C 4

Chapter 9, Solution 86.

1 1 1
Y= + +
240 j95 - j84

Y = 4.1667 × 10 -3 − j0.01053 + j0.0119

1 1000 1000
Z= = =
Y 4.1667 + j1.37 4.3861∠18.2°

Z = 228∠-18.2° Ω
Chapter 9, Solution 87.

1 -j
Z1 = 50 + = 50 +
jωC (2π)(2 × 10 3 )(2 × 10 -6 )

Z1 = 50 − j39.79

Z 2 = 80 + jωL = 80 + j (2π)(2 × 10 3 )(10 × 10 -3 )

Z 2 = 80 + j125.66

Z 3 = 100

1 1 1 1
= + +
Z Z1 Z 2 Z 3

1 1 1 1
= + +
Z 100 50 − j39.79 80 + j125.66

1
= 10 -3 (10 + 12.24 + j9.745 + 3.605 − j5.663)
Z

= (25.85 + j4.082) × 10 -3

= 26.17 × 10 -3 ∠8.97°

Z = 38.21∠-8.97° Ω

Chapter 9, Solution 88.

(a) Z = - j20 + j30 + 120 − j20

Z = 120 – j10 Ω

1 1
(b) If the frequency were halved, = would cause the capacitive
ωC 2πf C
impedance to double, while ωL = 2πf L would cause the inductive
impedance to halve. Thus,
Z = - j40 + j15 + 120 − j40
Z = 120 – j65 Ω
Chapter 9, Solution 89.

 1 
Z in = jωL ||  R + 
 jωC 

 1  L
jωL  R +  + jωL R
 jωC  C
Z in = =
1  1 
R + jωL + R + jωL − 
jωC  ωC 

L   1 
 + jωL R  R − jωL − 
C   ωC 
Z in = 2
 1 
R + ωL −
2

 ωC 

To have a resistive impedance, Im(Z in ) = 0 . Hence,

 L  1 
ωL R 2 −  ωL − =0
 C  ωC 

1
ωR 2 C = ωL −
ωC

ω2 R 2 C 2 = ω2 LC − 1

ω2 R 2 C 2 + 1
L=
ω2 C
(1)
Ignoring the +1 in the numerator in (1),

L = R 2 C = (200) 2 (50 × 10 -9 ) = 2 mH

Chapter 9, Solution 90.

Let Vs = 145∠0° , X = jωL = j (2π)(60) L = j377 L

Vs 145∠0°
I= =
80 + R + jX 80 + R + jX
 (80)(145)
V1 = 80 I =
80 + R + jX

(80)(145)
50 = (1)
80 + R + jX

(R + jX)(145∠0°)
Vo = (R + jX) I =
80 + R + jX

(R + jX)(145)
110 = (2)
80 + R + jX

From (1) and (2),

50 80
=
110 R + jX

11 
R + jX = (80)  
5

R 2 + X 2 = 30976 (3)
From (1),
(80)(145)
80 + R + jX = = 232
50

6400 + 160R + R 2 + X 2 = 53824

160R + R 2 + X 2 = 47424 (4)

Subtracting (3) from (4),

160R = 16448  → R = 102.8 Ω
From (3),
X 2 = 30976 − 10568 = 20408

X = 142.86 = 377 L 
→ L = 0.3789 H
Chapter 9, Solution 91.

1
Z in = + R || jωL
jωC

-j jωLR
Z in = +
ωC R + jωL

- j ω 2 L2 R + jωLR 2
= +
ωC R 2 + ω 2 L2

To have a resistive impedance, Im(Z in ) = 0 .

Hence,
-1 ωLR 2
+ 2 =0
ωC R + ω2 L2

1 ωLR 2
= 2
ωC R + ω2 L2

R 2 + ω2 L2
C=
ω2 LR 2

where ω = 2π f = 2π × 10 7

9 × 10 4 + (4π 2 × 1014 )(400 × 10 −12 )

C=
(4π 2 × 1014 )(20 × 10 − 6 )(9 × 10 4 )

9 + 16π 2
C= nF
72π 2

C = 235 pF

Chapter 9, Solution 92.

Z 100∠75 o
(a) Z o = = −6
= 471.4∠13.5 o Ω
Y 450∠48 x10
o

(b) γ = ZY = 100∠75 o x 450∠48 o x10 −6 = 0.2121∠61.5 o

Chapter 9, Solution 93.

Z = Zs + 2 ZA + ZL
Z = (1 + 0.8 + 23.2) + j(0.5 + 0.6 + 18.9)
Z = 25 + j20

VS 115∠0°
IL = =
Z 32.02 ∠38.66°

I L = 3.592∠-38.66° A