Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry: the study of carbon bonding to carbon; the chemistry of

life
Examples: C2H6O
C2H6O
C3H6O
C6H12O6

4 Major Building Blocks for all Living Organisms

1. Carbohydrates: provide energy; 2:1 H:O ratio
Examples: Grains, Cereals, Starches, Sugars
• Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars): C6H12O6
o Examples: glucose (plants), galactose (milk), fructose (fruit)
• Disaccharides: two monosaccharides bonded together by
dehydration synthesis
o Example: sucrose (glucose + fructose)
• Polysaccharide: many disaccharides bonded together by
dehydration synthesis
o Examples: starches (long chains)

2. Lipids: fats, wax, and oils (stored energy); greater than 2:1 H:O ratio
Uses: Energy, Insulation, and Lubrication
Examples: butter, milk, cheese, fatty meat
• Saturated Fats: each C atom has an H atom attached (i.e. lard,
butter, etc.)
• Unsaturated Fats: some C atoms are double bonded to other C
atoms (i.e. vegetable oil)
• Polyunsaturated Fats: many C atoms double bonded to other C
atoms (i.e. olive oil)

3. Proteins: amino group (NH2) attached to a carboxyl acid (COOH); many

together make a protein
Uses: builds are repairs the body
Examples: meat, soy, nuts, dairy
H
| 20 different “R” groups exist, therefore, 20
different amino acids exist
NH2 – C – COOH
| Sequence of amino acids determines the cells
that are generated
R

4. Nucleic Acids: found in the nucleus of each human body cell (except
red blood cells)
 a. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) – transmit and transport the genetic
information
b. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – the genetic information
(chromosomes)
Nucleotide:
___|___ ________
| Phosphate | | Nitrogenous |  5 Different Nitrogenous Bases
| _ Group _ | _ | _ _ Base _ _ |
_ _ _ | _ _ _ _/
| 5-Carbon |
| _ Sugar _ |