Circle

Form 4 : Chapter Four

Software, Geometer’s Sketchpad, is required.
Basic Terms
Centre
Circumference
Radius
Diameter
Basic Terms
For any two points
A and B, is divided
Major Arc the
into
circle
twoArc,
parts -------
Major and,
Ca n the t wo arcs
Minor Arc
be equal ?B

A
Minor Arc
Basic Terms
When AB is the diameter,
A two arcs are equal.

Sem i-
cir cl e
B
Basic Terms
For any two points
A and
the B, enclosed
region
Major Sector by radii OA, OB
and the arc AB is
O called a ……
B
Sector
Minor Sector
A
Basic Terms
A
Forchord alsopoints
any two divides
the
A circle
theand into two
lineB,joining A, B
regions
is called---
a ……
Major SegmentCHORD
B
Minor Segment
A
Basic Terms
D We can have different
P chords.
Minimum = 0 C
Maximum = length
B of
diameter
Minimum length ?
A Q
Maximum length ?
Chord
P Distance of a point
P from a line

N = perpendicular

If P i s th edistance
c entre,
PN
the lin e is a c hord,
…… ...
 Chord If
(1) AB is a chord
(2) ON ⊥ AB

Then
O
B AN =
N BN
A : line from centre ⊥ chord
Reason
bisects chord
Chord (example)
If AB = 12,
A OF = 8,
OF ⊥ AB ,
O find
F radi us .

B
If AB = 12, AF = 6
OF = 8, (line from centre ⊥
OF ⊥ AB , chord bisects chord)
radi us 2 = AF 2 +
A OF 2
(Pythagoras thm)
O ∴radi us = √(6 2 +
F 8 2) = 10

B
 Chord If
(1) AB is a chord
(2) M is mid-point

Then
O
B OM ⊥
M AB
A : line joining centre to mid-
Reason
pt of chord ⊥ chord
Chord (example)
B
If AN = NB =
N 4,
radi us = 5,

A O
fin d di stance
of cen tre
from AB
If AN = NB = ∠ANO = 90°
4,
radi us = 5, (line joining
B centre to mid-pt
of chord ⊥
N chord)
Di st ance
A O = ON
= √(radi us 2 -
AN 2
= √(5 ) 2 - 4 2) = 3
 Chord C
O
B

A D
Any perpendicular bisector
of chord passes through the
centre.
Chord (example)
B JointA,AB
Let B and
andCBC,be 3
points on a circle.
their perpendicular
bisectors intersect
How to find the
at the centre, O.
O centre and draw
Take OA as radius
A thedraw
to circlethe
? circle.

C C0101
 AB ,C D are
Chord chords
If AB = CD ,
B then …. ..
D OM ,ON are
M OM = ON
perpendi cul a
rs
A
O N
C If AB ≠ C D ,
N D then
Reason : equal chords, equidistant
Cfrom centre OM ≠ O N
 AB ,C D are
Chord chords
If, OM = ON
B then
OM ,ON…. are
..
D perpendi cul a
M rs AB = CD
A If OM = 3 ,
O N
C ON = 2
N D then
Reason : chords equidistant
AB =from
Ccentre are equal