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Bi 1: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho vect v (-3 ; 2 ), im A( 2 ; 1 ) v ng thng d c
phng trnh 2x y 3 = 0.
1/ Tm nh ca im A qua php tnh tin theo vect v .
2/ Tm phng trnh ca ng thng d l nh ca ng thng d qua php tnh tin theo vect
v.
Bi 2: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn tm I(2;-1) bn knh R=2.
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,2).
2/ Vit phng trnh ng trn nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php i xng trc Ox.
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php ng dng c c t vic thc hin lin
tip php v t tm O t s 3 v php i xng qua trc Oy.
Bi 3: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho vect v (-2 ; 1 ), im A(1 ; -2 ) v
ng thng d
c phng trnh 2x y 4 = 0.
1/ Tm nh ca im A qua php tnh tin theo vect v .
2/ Tm phng trnh ca ng thng d l nh ca ng thng d qua php tnh tin theo
vect v .
Bi 4: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn tm I(1;-1) bn knh R=2.
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,2).
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php i xng trc Oy.
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php ng dng c c t vic thc hin lin
tip php v t tm O t s 2 v php i xng qua trc Ox.
Bi 5: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho A (3; -1) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x + 2y 1 = 0. Tm nh ca A v d qua:
1/ Php i xng qua trc Ox
2/ Php tnh tin theo vc t
v (2;1)
v (-3,2)
T vi u =(1;5)
u
tin T vi u =(3;4)
u
n =(1;2).
b/ Ta c: d//()
T d:x2y+1=0, xt F(x,y)= x2y+1 v t ():x2y4=0 xt G(x,y)= x2y4. Chn O(0;0) nm
phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ().
V F(0;0)=1>0 v G(0,0)= 4<0 nn phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v () ta c
F(x,y).G(x,y)<0
V F(xA,yA).G(xA,yA)= F(3,2).G(3,2)= 6. (11)>0 nn A khng nm phn mt phng gia
hai ng thng d v ().
V F(xB,yB).G(xB,yB)= F(5,0).G(5,0)= 6.1>0 nn B khng nm phn mt phng gia hai
ng thng d v ().
V F(xA,yA)=6<0 v G(xA,yA)= 11<0 v v F(xB,yB)=6>0 v G(xB,yB)=1>0 nn A v B nm v
hai pha khc nhau so vi phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ().
Phan Ngc Thnh 0914.234.978 & (059)3.828264
y = 0
x = 4
2x + y 8 = 0
x = 3
M(3;2)
x 2 y + 1 = 0
y = 2
V AANM l mt hnh bnh hnh nn AM=AN.
V A, N v B thng hng nn AN+NB=AM+BN ngn nht.
Vy M(3;2) v N(4;0) l hai im cn tm.
Bi 13:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm ta ca M l nh ca M(2;1) qua php i
xng trc d: x2y+1=0.
Bi 14:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho hai im A(1;1) v B(2;4). Tm trn Ox im M
sao cho tng AM+BM nh nht.
Gii:
V
yA.yB=1.4=4>0 nn A v B nm v cng mt pha so vi Ox:y=0.
Gi A(1;1) l im i xng vi A(1;1) qua Ox.
Nu AB ct Ox ti M th AM=AM. V A, M, B thng hng nn AM+MB=AM+BM
ngn nht. Vy M cn tm l giao im ca AB vi Ox.
A ' B = (3;5) nn AB c
5x 3y + 2 = 0
x =
y
=
0
y = 0
2
Vy M ( ;0) l im cn tm.
5
cos A =
AB . AC
| AB | . | AC |
4( 5) + 2.(5)
( 4) 2 + 2 2 . ( 5) 2 + (5) 2
1
10
cosA>0 A nhn
1
OG
=
(
OA
+
OB
+
OC
) nn trng tm G ca tam gic
G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC
3
ABC c ta :
xA + xB + xC
=1
x G =
3
G(1;1)
y = y A + y B + y C = 1
G
3
b/ Phng trnh AB c dng on chn:
x
y
x y
+
= 1 + = 1 x+2y4=0
x A yB
4 2
OO' = 3 2
V :
R 1 + R 2 = 3
R2
(k1<0), tm v t trong I1 bin ng trn (C) thnh
R1
d(O,)=R
| A(0 + 1) + B(0 1) |
2
A +B
2
2
| A B| = A + B
(A-B)2= A2+B2
A.B=0
=1
R2
=2 (k2>0), tm v t ngoi I2 bin ng trn (C) thnh
R1
x' = kx
y' = ky
V C' A' =2 CA , C' B' =2 CB v A' B' =2 AB nn tam gic ABC ng dng tam gic ABC
theo t s k=2.
Phan Ngc Thnh 0914.234.978 & (059)3.828264
7
x2 y2
+
= 1 qua php bin hnh f.
16 4
x' = 2 x
.
y' = 2 y
Bi 25:Cho php bin hnh f tha bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) sao cho:
x' = x 2
y' = y + 1
x2 y 2
+
= 1 qua php di hnh f.
b) Tm nh ca elp (E):
16
4
Hng dn gii:
a) f l mt php di hnh v f(M)=M v f(N)=N c MN=MN
b) nh l elip (E):
(x + 2)2 (y 1) 2
+
=1
16
4
Bi 29:Tm nh ca parabol (P): y=ax2 qua php tnh tin theo vect v =(m;n) .
Kt qu: (P): y=a(xm)2+n
v =(3;m) 0
v0
():3xy+18=0. Tm ta ca
Kt qu:
bit
vung gc vi () v ().
Bi 32:Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;3) bin ng trn (C):x2+y26x+2y5=0 thnh ng
trn (C) c tm I. Tm ta ca I.
Kt qu: I(5;4)
x = 2 + x'
y = 1 + y'
3 2
0
0
x
'
=
0
cos
45
3
sin
45
=
x
'
=
x
cos
y
sin
2
3 2 3 2
tm A(
;
)
2
2
Bi 37:Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin ng trn (C): x2+y2+4y5=0 thnh ng trn
(C). Tm phng trnh ca ng trn (C)
Hng dn v kt qu: M(x;y)(C)x2+y2+4y5=0 (1)
Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) vi:
x ' = y x = y '
y
'
=
x
y = x '
3
2
Kt qu: A(9;3)
Bi 39:Cho ba im A(0;3), B(2;1) v C(1;5). C hay khng mt php v t tm A, bin im
B thnh C?
AC =(1;2) v AB =(2;4) AC =
1
bin B thnh C.
2
1
AB . Vy php
2
AB
thnh
DC ?
Hng dn v kt qu:
10
Ta c:
AB
cng phng vi
AC
AB thnh DC
'
d1' v d '2 .
d '2
d1' ;
11
x
=
=
2
2
2
2
x'+3 y'+5
Thay cp (x;y) ny vo (1):
+3
8=0x+3y+2=0
2
2
'
Vy M(x;y) d1 : x+3y+2=0
Tng t
d '2 : x2y3=0
b) Hai ng thng d1 v
n1 = (1;3) . Hai ng thng d2 v d '2 song song vi nhau v chng c cng vect ch
phng
n 2 = (1;2) .
'
'
Vy : ( d1 , d 2 )=(d1,d2)
e) Gi l gc to bi d1 v d2 ta c:
cos =
| n1 . n 2 |
1.1 + 3(2)
10 . 5
| n1 || n 2 |
2
2
=450.
x'
x
=
y = y'
x' 2
y'
1) +( +2)2=5
2
2
(x+2)2+(y4)2=20
Vy M(x;y)(C): (x+2) +(y4) =20
Bi 43:Cho ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y2)2=4. Php ng dng hp thnh bi php v t tm O, t
s k=2 v php i xng trc Ox bin ng trn (C) thnh ng trn (C). Tm phng trnh
ca ng trn (C).
Kt qu: (C):(x+2)2+(y4)2=4
2
12
2) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M sao cho OM' = OM + v vi
b) M(x+3;y2)
d) M(x2;y+3)
x
2
5) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M( ;3y ). Khng nh no sau y
sai?
a)
b)
c)
d)
f (O)=O.
f(A(a;0))Ox.
f(B(0;b))Oy.
f(M(2;3)) l M(1;9).
13
12) Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;5) bin ng thng () thnh ng thng ():
x+4y5=0. Phng trnh ca ng thng () l:
a) x+4y+2=0
b) x+4y10=0
c) x+4y+13=0
d) x+4y5=0
v0
a)
v =(6;2)
b)
v =(1;3)
c)
v =(2;6)
d)
v =(1;3)
14) Cho tam gic ABC c A(3;0), B(2;4) v C(4;5). Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC.
v = AG bin G thnh G c ta l:
b) G(4;0)
d) G(6;2)
15) Cho hai ng thng d:x3y8=0 v d:2x6y+5=0. Php i xng tm I(0;m) bin d
thnh d v ngc li, tnh m ?
11
4
11
c) m=
12
a) m=
15
4
13
d) m=
12
b) m=
14
1 5
; )
2 2
1 5
d) C, I( ; )
2 2
a) Khng c
c) C, I(
b) C, I(
1 5
; )
2 2
OB
18) Cho hai im A(4;0) v B(0;6), php v t tm O, t s k=
OA
bin vect
v =(8;2)
b) (10;4)
d) (6;1)
3
2
c)
b)
1
2
2
3
d) 2
p n:
1) c
2) b
11)b 12)c
3) b
13)b
4) a
14)c
5) d
15)c
6) b
16)a
7) c
17)d
8) d
18)c
9) d
19)b
10) c
20) c
MT S BI TP
Bi 1: Trong mp ta Oxy, cho php tnh tin T theo vect u = ( a; b ) .
1/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng thng d: Ax + By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) : x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
3/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y = kx2 c nh l th ca hm s no ?
4/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y =
1
c nh l th ca hm s no ?
x
15
b/
x2 y 2
Elip (E):
+
=1
16 9
x2 y 2
=1
16 9
Bi 6: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 2; 4 ) . Tm nh cho bi php tnh tin T( u ) ca cc ng
c/
Hyperbol (H):
a/
b/
c/
Hyperbol (H):
x2 4y2 = 4
ng trn ( C ): x2 + y2 4x + 6y = 0
Bi 7: Trong mt phng Oxy cho vct u = ( 1; 2 ) v hai im A(3;5), B(-1;1) v ng thng d
c phng trnh x 2y + 3 = 0
a/ Tm ta cc im A, B theo th t l nh ca A v B qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
b/ Tm ta im C sao cho A l nh ca C qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
c/ Tm phng trnh ng thng d l nh ca d qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
Bi 8: Trong mt phng Oxy cho php tnh tin T theo vct u = (1; 2 )
d/
17
x2 y 2
+
= 1 v ng
a 2 b2
x2 y2
=1.
a 2 b2
Bi 28: 1/ CMR nu mt hnh c hai trc i xng vung gc nhau th hnh c tm i xng.
Cho v d.
2/ o li, nu mt hnh c tm i xng th n c hai trc i xng vung gcnhau: ng hay
sai. Cho v d minh ha khng nh .
Bi 29: Cho tam gic ABC, Trn cc cnh AB, AC ta dng ra pha ngai cc hnh vung ABMN
v ACPQ.
a. Chng minh: NCBQ v NC = BQ
b. Gi M l trung im ca BC, chng minh AM QN v AM =
NQ
.
2
18
A
B
I
O
H
O
B
Bi 34: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O;R). Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
Chng minh ng trn ngai tip cc tam gic HBC, HCA, HAB c bn knh bng bn knh
ng trn (O).
Bi 35: Trong h trc Oxy, cho hai parabol (P) v (P) ln lt c phng trnh y = ax2 v
y = ax2 + bx + c ( a 0 ). Chng minh rng hai parabol bng nhau.
Bi 36: Cc iu kin sau y c phi l iu kin ai hnh t gic li ABCD v ABCD
bng nhau khng?
1/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau (AB = AB, BC = BC, CD = CD, DA = DA).
2/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt ng cho tng ng bng nhau ( chng hn
AC = AC )
3/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt cp gc tng ng bng nhau
Bi 37: Chng minh rng hai hnh ch nht c cng kch thc (cng chiu di chiu rng) th
bng nhau.
Bi 38: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD
1/ Chng minh rng O l tm i xng ca hnh bnh hnh
2/ Chng minh rng bt k ng thng d no i qua O cng chia hnh bnh hnh thnh hai hnh
bng nhau
3/ Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABCD. Hy v mt ng thng chia mi hnh bnh
hnh thnh hai hnh bng nhau.
Bi 39: Trong h trc ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh
( x 1 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 1 v ( x 4 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 4
Phan Ngc Thnh 0914.234.978 & (059)3.828264
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