Холл - Программирование для Web

WEB
WEB
PROGRAMMING
MARTY HALL
LARRY BROWN
Prentk Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, N J 07458

www.phptr.com
Sun Microsystems Press

A Prentice Hall Title
WEB

-
2002
32.973.26-018.2.75
72
681.3.07
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: info@williamspublishing.com, http://www.williamspublishing.com
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ISBN 5-8459-0237-1 (.)
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Java, nJSP,
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32.973.26-018.2.75

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Prentice Hall PTR.
Authoiized ti-anslation fiom the English language edition published by Prentice Hall PTR.
Copyiight Sun Microsystem, Inc., 2001. All rights reseiTed. No pait of this book may be reproduced or
tiânsmitted in any foiin or by any means, electionic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any
infonnation storage retiieval system, without peiTnission from the Publisher.
Russian language edition published by Williams Publishing House according to the Agieement with
RM Enterprises International, Copyiight 2002
ISBN 5-8459-0237-1 (.)

ISBN 0-13-089793-0 (.)
"", 2001
Sun Microsystem, Inc., 2001
25
I. HTML
33
1. web- HTML 4.0
34
2. HTML 4.0
54
3. HTML 4.0
82
4.
110
5.
136
. JAVA
177
6. Java
178
7. - Java
206
8. Java
252
9.
310
10. Java 2d; Java 2
358
11. ,
394
12.
418
13. awt
454
14. Swing
542
15. Swing
602
16.
664
17.
718
III. ,

18. HTML-
779
780
19. Java :
816
20. JavaServer Pages
900
21.
990
22. JDBC
1016
23. XML-
1050
rv^, J A V A S C R I P T
24. JavaScript: Web-
1099
1100
25. JavaScript
1172
1254
25
1. HTML
1. web- HTML 4.0
33
34
1.1. HyperText Markup Language

1.2. HTML 4.0 HTML
1.3. Web

Web

1.4. HTML-
HTML-
DOCTYPE
1.5. HEAD ..,
HEAD
HEAD
1.6. BODY --
2. HTML 4.0
35
37
38
38
39
41
41
42
43
45
45
46
50
54
2.1.
2.2. ...

2.3. , ...

2.4.

2.5.
2.6.
56
58
58
59
60
61
61
61
64
65
66
66
71
73
75
78
78
3. HTML 4.0
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
82
83
88
90
94

GIF-
IMG
3.5.
3.6.

- ,

ActiveX

3.7.
4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.

4.5. ...

4.6.
5.
5.1.
5.2.

STYLE JavaScript

5.3.
HTML-
,
,

5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
5.8.

5.9.
5.10.
94
94
98
101
101
104
104
106
108
110
112
113
118
120
122
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160
160
162
163
163
165
5.11.

5.12.
LAYER ILAYER

5.13.
166
166
167
167
168
172
176
. JAVA
177
6. Java
178
6.1. Java
Web
Java
Java
- Java
Java
6.2. Java:
Java Web
Java
Java
Java - ( ,
)
Java
6.3. Java

Java
6.4.
Java
Java
Java API

( )
Java-
6.5. Java-
Hello, World

Hello, World
,
7. - Java
7.1.
7.2.
7.3. this

7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
180
180
183
186
186
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188
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196
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202
206
207
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211
214
214
215
218
7.7.Javadoc
javadoc
javadoc
7.8.
7.9.
7.10. , CLASSPATH JAR-
CLASSPATH
7.11.

8. Java
8.1.
8.2.

8.3. ,

8.4. Math

-
Biglnteger BigDecimal
8.5.

8.6. , Java
8.7.

instanceof
8.8.
String
8.9.

8.10.
8.11.
8.12.

catch
finally
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10
throws

9.
9.1.
9.2.

HTML-
9.3.

,
9.4.
9.5.
9.6. APPLET
9.7.

9.8. HTML- OBJECT
9.9. JaVa Plug-In
9.10.
9.11.

9.12.
,
URL
,
URL

9.13.
9. J4. ...
9.15.
343
345
347
351
357
10. Java 2d: Java 2

10.1. Java 2D
Graphics2D
10.2.
Shape
10.3.

10.4.
10.5.
10.6.

358
360
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365
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10.7.

10.8. Java 2D
11
386
389
390
11. ,
394
11.1. ...

11.2. ...
11.3. ...
11.4. ...
11.5.
11.6.
11.7.
11.8. " "
" "
11.9.
396
397
399
400
402
403
409
412
414
416
417
12.
12. 1. FlowLayout
FlowLayout
FlowLayout
12.2. BorderLayout
BorderLayout
BorderLayout
12.3. GridLayout
GridLayout
GridLayout
12.4. CardLayout
CardLayout
CardLayout
12.5. GridBagLayout
GridBagConstraints
GridBagLayout
GridBagLayout
GridBagLayout
12.6. BoxLayout
BoxLayout
BoxLayout
12.7.
12.8.

13. awt
13.1. Canvas
Canvas
, Canvas
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457
12
13.2. C o m p o n e n t
13.3. "" Java 1.1
13.4. Panel
: FlowLayout

Panel
13.5. Container
13.6. Applet
13.7. ScrollPane
ScrollPane
ScrollPane, ,
100
13.8. Frame
: BorderLayout
Frame
Frame
Frame
Frame
13.9.

Frame,
13.10. Dialog
Dialog
:
13.11. FileDialog
1 TextAiea
13.12. Window
: BorderLayout
Window
13.13.

13.14. Button

Button

13.15. Checkbox

Checkbox
Checkbox
13.16.
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CheckboxGroup Checkbox
CheckboxGroup
13.17. Choice

Choice
, Choice
13.18. List
List
List
List
13.19. TextField

TextField
TextComponent
, TextField
13.20. TextArea

TextAiea
TextArea
13.21. Label
Label
Label
Label
13.22.

Scrollbar
Scrollbar
13.23.

P o p u p M e n u
,
14. Swing
14.1. Swing
Swing AWT
14.2. JApplet
14.3. J F r a m e
14.4. JLabel
: , HTML-
JLabel
13
506
506
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555
556
14
JLabel
14.5. JButton
: ,
" "
HTML-
JButton
J B u t t o n AbstractButton
14.6. JPanel
JPanel
:
BorderFactory
14.7. JSlider
:
JSlider
JSlider
14.8. JColorChooser
JColorChooser
14.9.
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e
JInternalFrame
14.10. J O p t i o n P a n e
J O p t i o n P a n e
14.11. JToolBar
JToolBar
JToolBar
14.12. JEditorPane

JEditorPane
J E d i t o r P a n e
Web-
H T M L JavaHelp
14.13. Swing-
JCheckBox
JRadioButton
JTextField
JTextArea
JFileChooser
15. Swing
15.1.

15.2. JList
JList
JList
JList
JList ,
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609
612
617
15.3.JTree
J T r e e
J T r e e
J T r e e
15.4.JTable
JTable
, JTable

15.5. Swing-

JDK 1.3
15.6. Swing
SwingUtilities
16.
16.1.
Thread
, Runnable
16.2. ""
16.3.

,
16.4.
16.5. T h r e a d

16.6.
16.7.
paint

paint
u p d a t e
paint

16.8.
16.9.
Timer
16.10.
15
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621
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688
690
690
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692
693
696
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699
703
708
712
715
716
717
16
17.
17.1.

17.2. StringTokenizer
StringTokenizer

17.3. , ...
17.4. -...
,
, URL
UrlRetriever
17.5. URL
URL
URL
17.6.WebClient...
17.7.

NetworkClient NetworkSei'ver
17.8. HTTP-
,
17.9. RMI: Remote Method Invocation
RMTpoe
RMI
,
,

RMI

RMI-
718
720
722
725
726
726
726
727
728
731
732
733
734
735
735
736
738
745
747
750
751
754
756
757
758
762
763
768
769
772
774
III. ,

779
18. H T M L -
780
18.1. HTML-
18.2. FORM
18.3.

18.4.
Submit
Reset
781
785
790
790
792
792
794
795
797
JavaScript
18.5.

18.6.
18.7. ...
18.8.
IMAGE
ISMAP
18.9.
18.10.
18.11.
19. Java :
19.1. ...

19.2.
JSP
}^1, JSP

1
19.3.
,
, HTML-
\ HTML-
19.4.
init
service
doGet, doPost doXxx
SingleThreadModel
destroy
19.5.
19.6. :
CGI-

,
19.7. : HTTP-

17
798
799
799
800
802
805
806
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809
811
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816
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830
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832
832
833
833
836
836
836
837
839
840
841
18
,
, H T T P 1.1
Web-
19.8. CGI-
19.9. :

H T T P 1.1

19.10. :

Web-
19.11. Cookie
cookie
, cookie
API, cookie
cookie
cookie
cookie
19.12.

URL
API

,
20. JavaServer P a g e s
20.1. oJSP
20.2. JSP
JSP ASP ColdFusion
JSP
JSP
JSP SSI
JSP JavaScript
20.3. JSP

20.4. page
import
ontentType
isThreadSafe
session
buffer
) autoflush
843
845
848
850
853
853
855
860
864
865
866
871
880
880
882
883
886
889
890
890
891
891
892
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897
900
901
903
903
903
903
904
904
904
905
908
910
912
913
914
916
917
918
918
919
extends
info
errorPage
isErrorPage
language
XML-
20.5. JSP-
include:

, Java Plug-In
jsp:fallback
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
JavaBeans
StringBean
beans
bean
20.7. JSP-
,

20.8. JSP

:
JSP-
21.
21.1. GET
21.2.
21.3. GET...
ASCII-

21.4. ...
21.5. POST...
21.6. , POST
21.7. HTTP-
22. J D B C
22.1. JDBC

URL

Statement
19
919
919
919
920
920
920
920
921
923
925
929
932
933
935
937
942
946
946
949
953
956
961
964
968
970
977
978
981
988
990
992
993
997
997
999
1001
1007
1009
1014
1016
1017
1018
1019
1019
1020
20

22.2. JDBC
22.3. JDBC
22.4. DatabaseUtilities
22.5.
Q u e lyVie we
22.6.
23. XML-
23.1. XML- DOM Level 2

23.2. DOM...
23.3. XML- SAX 2.0

23.4. SAX: ...

23.5. SAX:
23.6. XML XSLT

23.7. XSLT:
23.8. XSLT...
1020
1020
1021
1022
1027
1035
1039
1041
1046
1050
1052
1052
1053
1055
1064
1065
1066
1067
1073
1077
1078
1079
1082
1090
rV^. J A V A S C R I P T
1099
1100
24.1. HTML-

24.2.
24.3. JavaScript

24.4. JavaScript Web-

24.5. JavaScript ...

24.6. JavaScript HTML-

24.8. JavaScript
URL
1103
1107
1108
1109
1110
1110
1111
1116
1117
1117
1120
1122
1122
1128
1131
1133
1135
1144
1144

24.9. Java JavaScript
Java
JavaScript-
JavaScript-
24.10. JavaScript Java
Web-
,
JSObject
25. JavaScript
25.1. Array

25.2. Button

25.3. Checkbox

25.4. Date

25.5. Document

25.6. Element

25.7. FileUpload

25.8. Form

25.9. Function
21
1147
1148
1148
1150
1153
1157
1159
1160
1169
1172
1173
1173
1174
1174
1177
1177
1177
1177
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1186
1186
1187
1188
1188
1189
1189
1189
1190
1190
1190
1191
1191
1191
22

25.10. H i d d e n

25.11. History

25.12. Image

25.13. JavaObject
25.14. JavaPackage
25.15. Layer

25.16. Link

25.17. Location

25.18. Math

25.19. MimeType

25.20. Navigator

25.21. N u m b e r
1191
1192
1192
1192
1193
1193
1193
1193
1193
1194
1194
1194
1194
1195
1196
1196
1196
1197
1197
1197
1197
1199
1200
1200
1201
1202
1202
1202
1202
1203
1204
1204
1204
1205
1206
1207
1207
1207
1207
1208
1208
1210
1210
1210
1211
1211
1211

25.22. Object

25.23. Option

25.24. Password

25.25. Plugin

25.26. Radio

25.27. RegExp

25.28. Reset

25.29. Screen

25.30. Select

25.31. String

25.32. Submit
23
1213
1213
1213
1214
1214
1214
1214
1214
1215
1215
1215
1215
1216
1216
1216
1217
1217
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1219
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1222
1223
1223
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1225
1225
1226
1226
1226
1227
1227
1227
1228
1229
1229
1230
1230
1230
1230
1235
1235
24

25.33. Text

25.34. Textarea

25.35. Window
1235
1236
1236
1237
1237
1237
1238
1238
1238
1239
1239
1240
1240
1244
1249
1254
25
1995 . ,
.
, Web, Java-.
, HTML, Java, HTTP, CGI JavaScript
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1996 . Java. .
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Web.
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HTML 4.0, Java 2, ,
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JSP 1.0 , JSP,
CGI-, ASP ASP ColdFusion.
XML. Java
.
, ,
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,
Java- Web-.
Java Foundation Classes ,
26
RMI XML .
, , HTML 4, C S S / 1 , H T T P L I
Java, CGI JSP,
, Swing Java 2D. ,
XML- JAXP, DOM Level 2,
SAX 2.0 XSLT. , .
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XML, Java- , JavaServer Pages JavaScript,
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JDBC.
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H T T P L1 ,
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JSP. JavaScript-
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, HTML,
Java, , JavaScript.
L HTML
Web- HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
HTML- , ,
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Web-, Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Web-. .
HTML 4.01. , HTML. , , , ,

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Netscape Internet Explorer.

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HTML-. . .
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Java. Java ?
Java, .
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Java. , , , , , Math.
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Java 2D. 2-.

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28
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FlowLayout,
BorderLayout,
GridLayout,
C a r d L a y o u t , G r i d B a g L a y o u t B o x L a y o u t ,
. .
AWT. C a n v a s , P a n e l , A p p l e t , S c r o l l P a n e , F r a m e , D i a l o g ,
F i l e D i a l o g Window. . , ,
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Swing.
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Swing. J L i s t , J T r e e J T a b l e .
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URL. . HTTP-.
RMI.
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Java- CGI-, JSP Active Server
Pages ColdFusion. .
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Java-. .
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H T T P L L cookie .
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29
JavaServer Pages (JSP). JSP. ,

. JavaBeans JSP.
JSP. JSP.

. GET POST. -.

. HTTP-.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC).

. , JDBC.
HTML-.
. .
XML- Java. XML-

Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2. ,
XML-, Simple API for XML Parsing (SAX)
2.0. XML XSLT. Java API for XML
Processing (JAXP) .
IV. JavaScript
JavaScript , ,
Web-. .
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JavaScript. , , , , ,
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Web-. ,
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Web-. .
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HTML-. .
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cookie. . C o o k i e .
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Java JavaScript. L i v e C o n n e c t JSOb j e c t .
JavaScript. ,
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E l e m e n t , S t r i n g , Math, RegExp .
30
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Prompt> Java SomeProgram
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Web-
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Web-
http://www.corewebprogramming.com/
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HTML-, Java- JavaScript.
URL, .
Java.
Ronco.
31
06

Web-.
, JavaSenêr Pages, ,
Web-. Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages, a
Web.
Research and Technology Development Center
TheJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
11100Johns Hopkins Road
Laurel, MD 20723
hall@corewebprogramming. com
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Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division
9500 MacArthur Boulevard
West Bethesda, MD 20817
brown@corewebprogramming. com
32
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Home Page for Lawrence M. Brown
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Senior Network Engineer

Naval Surface Waifai-e Center
9500 MacArthor Boulevard
West Bethesda. Maryland. MD 20817-5700
email: lan7@corewebpro.eyttrmx^^ com
Phone: (30 \) 277-4648
This IS my personal home page For more specific programmmg-related resoxirces pages, please see
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Windows 2000
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<HEAD>
<Title>Home Page for Lawrence M. Brown</Title>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Home Page for Lawrence M. Brown</Hl>
<HR>
<IMG SRC="images/navsea-nswc.gif" WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=117
HSPACE=10 VSPACE=5 ALIGN="LEFT" ALT="NSWC Logo">
Senior Network Engineer<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.dt.navy.mil/">
1 . 2 . HTML 4 . 0 HTML
37
Naval Surface Warfare Center</A><BR>

9500 MacArthor Boulevard<BR>
West Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20817-5700<BR>
< I > e m a i l : < / I > <A H R E F = " m a i l t o : l a r r y @ c o r e w e b p r o g r a i r a n i n g . " >
larry@corewebprogramming.com</A><BR>
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T h i s i s my p e r s o n a l home p a g e . For more s p e c i f i c
programming-related resources pages, please see:
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38
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39
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41
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cd public_html
chmod a+x .
chmod a+r file
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<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Main Heading</Hl>

</BODY>
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HTML-
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(frame).
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H T M L .
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intranet, Internet Explorer.
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45
DOCTYPE. H T M L 4.0 VERSION

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HEAD
TITLE HEAD
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www. a p p l e . com www. s u n . com.
BASE. HEAD :
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Why You S h o u l d Buy Windows 2000</TITLE>
<BASE H R E F = " h t t p : / / w w w . m i c r o s o f t . c o m / w i n d o w s 2 0 0 0 / " >
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47
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<HEAD>
<TITLE>Why You Should Buy Windows 2000</TITLE>
<BASE HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="Bill Gates">
<META NAME="keywords"
CONTENT="Windows,Advocacy,OS,Operating Systems">
<META NAME="description"
CONTENT="A summary of the advantages of Windows 2000.">
</HEAD>
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h t t p : / / w w w . m i c r o s o f t . c o m / w i n d o w s 2 0 0 0 / B u y - W i n 2 0 0 0 . h t m l .
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EQUIV=" Re f r e s h " , CONTENT (1800
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="1800">
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<TITLE>Why You Should Buy Windows 2000 (New Address)</TITLE>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh"
C0NTENT="5;
URL=http://www.apple.com/Buy-Win2000.html">
</HEAD>
48
1 . Web- HTML 4.0
URL ,
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EMBED. :
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h t t p : //wwv/. U n i c o d e . o r g / .
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CONTENT. HTTP-EQUIV
( Netscape, Internet Explorer),
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SCHEME ,
NAME-CONTENT . NAME ,
CONTENT . SCHEME ,
-- (SCHEME="Month-Day-Year"),
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NAME="Date"
VALUE="05-01-2000">
LANG DIR .
: <BGSOUND SRC="..." ...> (

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BODY, HEAD.
1.5. HEAD ...
49
SRC
SRC URL ,
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: <SCRIPT TYPE="..." ...> ... </SCRIPT>

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SCRIPT ,
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: TYPE (), TITLE, MEDIA
STYLE
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: HREF, REL, REV, TYPE, CHARSET, HREFLANG, MEDIA, ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK,
ONMOUSEDOWN, ONMOUSEUP, ONMOUSEOVER, ONMOUSEMOVE, ONMOUSEOUT, ONKEYPRESS,
ONKEYDOWN, ONKEYUP, TARGET. TITLE, I D , CLASS, STYLE
LINK ^ K}TvieHTOB. ,
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LINK.
HREF, REL, REV

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. CONTENTS, INDEX,
GLOSSARY, HELP, NEXT PREVIOUS (
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<LINK REL=STYLESHEET
HREF="My-Styles.CSS"
TYPE="text/css">
50
1 . W e b - HTML 4 . 0
TYPE, CHARSET, HREFLANG, MEDIA

TYPE MIME- , .
- TYPE=" t e x t / h t m l " . MIME , RFC 1521 ( ,
RFC, h t t p : / / w w w . r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / ) ,
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HTML- BODY,
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<TITLE>My First Web Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
1.6. BODY
51
<1> First Web Page</Hl>

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</HTML>

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1 . Web- HTML 4.0
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1.6. BODY
53
ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, O N M O U S E D O W N , O N M O U S E U P ,
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56
2 . HTML 4 . 0
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57
ALIGN
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l / / E N " >
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>2000 World C h a m p i o n s h i p < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">2000 World C h a m p i o n s h i p < / H 2 >
F i n a l r e s u l t i n t h e 2000 w o r l d t i c - t a c - t o e c h a m p i o n s h i p .
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72
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78
2. HTML 4.0
<COL ALIGN="LEFT">
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<TR><TH>Year<TH>Cultivar<TH>Bloom Season<TH>Cost
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<TR><TD>1965<TD>Luxury Lace <TD>M <TD>11.75
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<STRIKE>Strike Through</STRIKE><BR>
<B><I>Bold Italic</I></B><BR>
<BIG><TT>Big Monospaced</TT></BIG><BR>
<SMALL><I>Small Italic</I></SiyLALL><BR>
<FONT COLOR="GRAY">Gray</FONT><BR>
<DEL>Delete</DEL><BR>
<INS>Insert</INS><BR>
</BODY>
</HTML>
^ Physicai
Ne
Edit
tbm-mêitmvkss^^fmm^m
View
4->: ^ ^
Favorites
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** Links
Physical Character Styles

Bold
Italic
T e l e t y p e (Monospaced)
Underlined
Subscnpts: ^ + fj
Superscripts: x^ + y^
Smaller
Bigger
S t n k e Tlii-ough
Bold
Italic
Big Monospaced
SmaW Italic
Insert
d
jejOone
lyiSi, My Computer
. 3.1. ,
Windows 2000 Professional
: <FONT ...> ... </FONT>

: SIZE, COLOR, FACE ()
FONT . SIZE
, COLOR
,
. ,
. ,
, ,
FONT .
, BODY,
BASE FONT ( ).
H T M L 4.0, FONT .
;
, .
5.
3 . 1 .
87
SIZE
SIZE 1 (
) 7 ( ),
(SIZE=" + 1", S I Z E = " - 1 " , S I Z E = " + 2 " ..),
.
. , .
,
SIZE Web-.

. .
COLOR
BODY,
COLOR (
. 1.1) RGB. ,
, .
FACE
Netscape Internet Explorer FACE,
, .
, ,
. ,
.. , ,
, , .. ,
FACE .
: <BASEFONT SIZE=xxx> ( )
: SIZE ()
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, .
1 ( ) 7 (
). 3. FONT, BIG
SMALL,
.
BASE FONT .
BODY FONT.
, . HTML 4,
BASEFONT . ,
,
.
88
3 . HTML 4 . 0
3.2.
,

.
.
,
,
.
. ,
,
.
: <>... </>
:
, ,
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: <STRONG>... </STRONG>
:
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.
: <CODE>... </CODE>
:
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!
CODE, SANP
KBD, "<", "&" ..
: <SAMP>... </SAMP>
:
SAMP
. CODE,
.
3.2.
89
: <KBD> ... </KBD>

:
KBD ,
. CODE, KBD
.
: <DFN>... </DFN>
:
DFN . Internet Explorer
, , . Netscape

.
: <VAR>... </VAR>
:
VAR .
,
<VAR>, .
: <1> ... </1>

:
CITE ,
. , .
: <ACRONYM>... </ACRONYM>
: TITLE
ACRONYM TITLE
. :
<ACRONYM TITLE="Java D e v e l o p m e n t
Kit">JDK</ACRONYM>
, Internet Explorer 5.x

, TITLE. Netscape
TITLE.
3.2 .
. 3.2.
3.2.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Logical C h a r a c t e r S t y l e s < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<Hl>Logical C h a r a c t e r S t y l e s < / H l >
Transitional//EN">
90
3. HTML 4.0
<EM>Emphasized</EM><BR>
<STRONG>Strongly Emphasized</STRONG><BR>
<CODE>Code</CODE><BR>
<SAMP>Sample Output</SAMP><BR>
<KBD>Keyboard Text</KBD><BR>
<DFN>Definition</DFN><BR>
<VAR>Variable</VAR><BR>
<CITE>Citation</CITE><BR>
<EM><CODE>Emphasized Code</CODEX/EM><BR>
<FONT COLOR="GRAY"><CITE>Gray Citation</CITE></FONT><BR>
<ACRONYM TITLE="Java Development Kit">JDK Acronym</ACRONYM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
iMfWTH^ni-i!^.,.!!, I
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Logical Character Styles

[|
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1
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1
I
1
1
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Emphasized
Strongly Emphasized
Code
Semple Output
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Dejinilion
Variable
Citation
Emphasized Code
1 JDK Acronym
1
^ [Java Developmenl K.it]
.ij^Done
^
: i My CoflfipUer
'
. 3.2.
Windows 2000
Professional
: <ABBR ...> ... </ABBR>

: TITLE
ABBR, ,
.
<ABBR TITLE="cubic inches">cu. in.</ABBR>
: <SPAN ...> ... </SPAN>

: CLASS, ID, STYLE
SPAN ,
. SPAN 5.
3.3.
Web-
.
,
3 . 3 .
91
,
.
,
.
, .
: < ...>... </>

: HREF, NAME, TARGET, REL, REV, TITLE, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR, COORDS,
SHAPE,TYPE, HREFLANG, CHARSET, ACCESSKEY, TABINDEX
A ,
. HREF,
.
, HREF. ,
<>,
, LINK BODY.
.
, ,
, ,
VLINK.
, , ,
.
HREF
HREF ,
, (
). HREF URL, URL,
"#" ( NAME),
URL, "#", .
,
, .
.
19, URL, ,
, HTTP-.
URL,
, URL,
L o c a t i o n HTTP-.
,
.
http://some.host.com/some/directory
h t t p : / / s o m e . h o s t , c o m / s o m e / d i r e c t o r y / .
URL , ,
.
92
3 . HTML 4 . 0
3.3 ,
URL, URL,
, URL. h t t p : ,
m a i l t o : (
), f i l e : (
) f t p : ( FTP-).
3.3.
The official HTML specifications are available from
<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/"> the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C)</A>, with some examples given in
<A HREF= "HTML-Examples .html">my example page</A>.
The Java programming language is discussed in
<A HREF="#Section-3">Section 3</A>. For a discussion of COBOL, see
<A HREF="johndoe.html#COBOL">my husband's home page</A>.
, ,
, , ,
. ,
,
"click here". .
Recent Dilbert strips are available on-line at
<A HREF="http://www.unitedmedia.com/comics/dilbert/">
The Dilbert Zone</A>.

.
< HREF="http://www.unitedmedia.com/comics/dilbert/">
Click here</A> to see recent Dilbert strips that are
available on-line at The Dilbert Zone.

"click
here". , ,
, .
NAME
NAME .
, HREF "#".
:
< NAME="COBOL">COBOL: Programming Language f o r t h e
Future</A>
, NAME, .
TARGET
TARGET ,
. TARGET 4.
3.3.
93
TITLE
TITLE ,
(, FTP). TITLE
( s u b j e c t : ) . TITLE
.
RELHREV
REL REV , .
(REL)
(REV).
ONFOCUS ONBLUR
, JavaiScript.
JavaScript-, ,
.
.
24.
COORDS SHAPE
, CGI, COORDS (,) .
SHAPE , (,).
3.5.
TYPE, CHARSET H R E F L A N G
TYPE -, ,
, TYPE=" t e x t / h t m l " . CHARSET
, CHARSET="ISO-8859-6". HREFLANG
, , HREFLANG="pt" ,
, , .
ACCESSKEY T A B I N D E X
ACCESSKEY (
), <Alt> ( MSWindows) <Cmd> ( Apple).
. TABINDEX
0-32767, .
, TABINDEX
.
, TABINDEX, 0.
,
. Internet Explorer 5.0 .
Netscape 4.x ACCESSKEY, TABINDEX.
94
3. HTML 4.0
3.4.
IMG .
GIF (Graphic Interchange Format), JPEG (Joint
Photographic Expert Group) PNG (Portable Network Graphic), ,

xbm, x m p bmp. , ,
, GIF-
JPEG. ,
, JPEG-, ,
GIF-.
,
, .
GIF89A,
.
, .
GIF87,
GIF89A. GIF89A
Java, Web- .
GIF89A,
, ,
AVI QuickTime.
IMG
: <IMG SRC="..." ALT="..," ...> (
)
: SRC (), ALT (), ALIGN, WIDTH, HEIGHT, HSPACE,
VSPACE, BORDER, USEMAP, ISMAP, NAME, LONGDESC, ONLOAD (), ONERROR
(), ONABORT ()
IMG . ,
IMG
. IMG ,
.
SRC
SRC . ,
, . SRC
, URL. IMG,
SRC, .
<IMG SRC="http://www.some-isp./~jane/portrait.jpg"
ALT="Jane Doe">
<IMG SRC="images/spot.gif" WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=120
ALT="My dog Spot">
3 . 4 .
95
ALT
ALT , ,
. HTML 4.0
ALT .
WIDTH H E I G H T
,
. . IMG
WIDTH HEIGHT, ,
, .
. ,
Netscape, , , P a g e Info
View, .
Netscape. Internet Explorer 5.0,
, ,
Properties.
WIDTH HEIGHT ,
, ,
IMG. ,
Properties Internet Explorer
, .

ALT, WIDTH HEIGHT.
ALIGN
ALIGN, , HTML 4.0,
,
, <IMG>.
LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM MIDDLE.
BOTTOM. LEFT RIGHT
,
. LEFT RIGHT ,
, <BR
CLEAR="ALL">. BR .
MIDDLE ,
. 3.4
. . 3.3.
96
3. HTML 4.0
^b^3k:i^t^m4A^kMl^tM^^
Image Alignment
I Alignment
LEFT
RIGHT
Result
^ ^ ^ This positions the image at the left side, with text flowing around it
^w\ 5, ^ <5 the nght
.VJIOT^"
r^
^_____
This positions the image at the nght side, with text flowing around ^ ^ ^
it on the left
'^'wi^N^'
,4Jp}^'
^ ^ ^
Here, the image runs into the paragraph and the line containing the
image is aligned with the image top.
Here, the image runs into the paragraph and the line containing the
iimage is aligned with the image bottom.
j9>,*^ Here, the image runs into the paragraph and line containing the
image is aligned with the image center.

^^
' !C^Jatm* DowT'^
"^^^^^!^.
. 3.3.
3.4. Image~Alignment.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Iinage Alignment</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Image Alignment</Hl>
<TABLE B0RDER=1>
<TR><TH>Alignment
<TH>Result
<TR><TH><CODE>LEFT</CODE>
<TD><IMG SRC="rude-pc.gif" ALIGN="LEFT"
ALT="Rude PC" WIDTH=54 HEIGHT=77>
This positions the image at the left side,
with text flowing around it on the right.
<TR><TH><CODE>RIGHT</CODE>
<TD><IMG SRC="rude-pc.gif" ALIGN="RIGHT"
This positions the image at the right side,
with text flowing around it on the left.
<TR><TH><CODE>TOP</CODE>
3.4.
97
<TD><IMG SRC="rude-pc.gif" ALIGN="TOP"

Here, the image runs into the paragraph
and the line containing the image is
aligned with the image top.
<TR><TH><CODE>BOTTOM</CODE>
<TD><IMG SRC="rude-pc.gif" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
and the line containing the image is aligned
with the image bottom.
<TR><TH><CODE>MIDDLE</CODE>
<TD><IMG SRC="rude-pc.gif" ALIGN="MIDDLE"
and the line containing the image is aligned
with the image center.
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HSPACE VSPACE
( )
(HSPACE), (VSPACE).
2. HTML 4.0 ,
,
,
. HSPACE, VSPACE ,
.
5.
BORDER
BORDER, ,
, 1,
. , 2.
USEMAP
USEMAP MAP " # n a m e " "URL#name".

.
ISMAP
ISMAP , CGI. ,
.
18.
98
3. HTML 4.0
NAME
NAME .
JavaScript, JavaScript

LONGDESC
LONGDESC URI .
, ,
.
ONLOAD, ONERROR ONABORT

,
JavaScript, , ,
, - .
3.5.
: < NAME='..."> ... </>
: NAME ()
MAP
. URL
. ,
. ,
,
ISMAP INPUT ( 18).
,
ISMAP INPUT, .
NAME USEMAP
IMG. , ,
AREA,
MAP.
3.5 , .
HTML-.
. 3.4 3.5.
OS 9.
3.5.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Kansas Topography</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
3.5.
99
<1 ALIGN="CENTER">Kansas Topography</Hl>

Click on a region of Kansas to get information on
the terrain in that area.
<P>
<IMG SRC="kansas.gif" ALT="Kansas" WIDTH=385 HEIGHT=170
USEMAP="#Kansas" BORDER=0>
<MAP NAME="Kansas">
<AREA HREF="nw.html"
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="0,0, 192, 85"
ALT="North West">
<AREA H R E F = " n e . h t m l "
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="193, 0 , 3 8 5 , 8 5 "
ALT="North E a s t " >
<AREA H R E F = " s w . h t m l "
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="0,86,192,170"
ALT="South West">
<AREA H R E F = " s e . h t m l "
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="193,86, 3 8 5 , 1 7 0 "
ALT="South E a s t " >
</MAP>
</BODY>
</HTML>
) Kdnsas Topoerephy i
t^
: Southwest
mm
Kansas Topography
Gick on a region of Kansas to get information on the teiiain
m that area
(j^ link: http://<wvfeprft9r*mm|r>q/Saure/Chai>tr3;/sw.Mml
. 3.4.
Web-

mm
Flat
The southwest legion is flat. Vv'hat did you think this was.
Colorado?
} htffit ?on
. 3.5.
. 3.4
: <AREAALT="..." ...> ( )
: HREF, COORDS, SHAPE, ALT ( ) , NOHREF, TARGET, ONFOCUS,
ONBLUR, ACCESSKEY, TABINDEX
AREA MAP.
, . -
100
3. HTML 4.0
AREA,
, URL ,
,
. , ,
.
HREF
HREF .
, URL, ,
"#".
COORDS
COORDS , .
SHAPE.

.
SHAPE
SHAPE RECT (
), CIRCLE, POLY DEFAULT. DEFAULT,
SHAPE COORDS. RECT
, " , ,
, ". ,
r e g i o n 3 . h t m l 200x200 ,
(20,40):
<AREA H R E F = " r e g i o n 3 . h t m l "
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="20,40,220,240">
CIRCLE,
COORDS ",,". POLY "1, 1,2,
y2,...,xN, yN", . DEFAULT
COORDS
. URL, ,
AREA.
, , AREA SHAPE
DEFAULT.
ALT
ALT , .
,
.
NOHREF
NOHREF , URL.
, -
3 . 6 .
101
, AREA.
, , AREA,
NOHREF .

URL ,
AREA,
NOHREF
MAP. ,
URL ,
TARGET
TARGET , .
.
4.
O N F O C U S , O N B L U R , ACCESSKEY T A B I N D E X
, IMG, .
3.6.
Web-, ,
, .
,
Web-. Java-.
-, -, VRML- ActiveX-
, .

: <APPLET CODE="..." W I D T H = x x x H E I G H T = x x x ...> ... < / A P P L E T >
: CODE, WIDTH (), HEIGHT (), CODEBASE, ALT, ALIGN,
HSPACE, VSPACE, NAME, OBJECT, ARCHIVE (), MAYSCRIPT ()
APPLET Web- .
9.
CODE
CODE Java- ,
. ' CODE ,
) OBJECT. CODE URL, 1
. CODEBASE , ,
, Web-.
102
3 . H T M L 4 . 0

CODE
URL.
, CODEBASE.
WIDTH HEIGHT
,
.
. , a p p l e t v i e w e r , Sun
( , HTML-
APPLET), , , ,
, .
WIDTH HEIGHT .
!
appletviewer,
Sun,
WIDTH HEIGHT, .
CODEBASE
CODEBASE URL .
, CODE.
9.
ALT
, Java, ,
<APPLET . . . > </APPLET>, )' ,
, .
ALT , Java,
. ALT
, .
ALIGN
ALIGN ,
. ,
IMG, .
HSPACE
HSPACE
.
VSPACE
VSPACE
.
3 . 6 .
103
NAME
NAME ,
, JavaScript.
OBJECT
OBJECT ,
Java.
ARCHIVE
ARCHIVE ,
. Java Archive (. j a r ) , Netscape
uncompressed Zip (. z i p ) .
MAYSCRIPT
Netscape Internet Explorer ,
JavaScript-.
24.
HTML 4.0 APPLET
.
OBJECT. APPLET
. APPLET OBJECT
9.
: <PARAM NAME="..." VALUE="..."> (

)
: NAME (), VALUE ()
,
g e t ram. PARAM
9. WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH
HEIGHT, <PARAM NAME= "WIDTH"
. . . > <PARAM NAME="HEIGHT" . . . >. PARAM
OBJECT, .
!
WIDTH HEIGHT
PARAM.
104
3. HTML 4.0
- ,

: <EMBED SRC="..." ...> ... </EMBED>
: SRC, WIDTH, HEIGHT, a ,

EMBED HTML 4.0,
,
.
, . SRC, WIDTH
HEIGHT ,
. Netscape, Internet Explorer
LiveVideo,
AVI. )^ AUTOSTART,
TRUE FALSE. TRUE,
Web-.
FALSE, , ,
.
,
. ,
11 .
<EMBED S R C = " i n a r t i a n - i n v a s i o n . a v i " WIDTH=120 HEIGHT=90>

EMBED :
http://home.netscape.com/plugins/
VRML, QuickTime,
, Adobe Acrobat, PNG .
ActiveX
: <OBJECT ...> ... </OBJECT>
: CLASSID, CODETYPE, CODEBASE, ALIGN, BORDER, WIDTH, HEIGHT, HSPACE,
VSPACE, STANDBY, ARCHIVE, DATA, TYPE, NAME, TABINDEX, DECLARE, USEMAP
Internet Explorer Web-

ActiveX. Java-,
PARAM. ActiveX, Java-,
( ,
..), , Web-
ActiveX. Internet Explorer
, Microsoft ;
.
ActiveX , ActiveX
3.6.
105
Web- Internet Explorer.

intranet,
.
.
CLASSID
URL.
CLASSID c l s i d : _.
CODETYPE
CODETYPE .
C O D E T Y P E = " a p p l i c a t i o n / J a v a " .
9.
CODEBASE
CODEBASE , .
, CODEBASE APPLET.
ALIGN, B O R D E R , W I D T H , H E I G H T , HSPACE VSPACE
,
IMG, .
STANDBY
)^ STANDBY , .
ARCHIVE
ARCHIVE URI ,
. .
URI , CODEBASE.
JAR. JAR-
j a r .
DATA TYPE
DATA URI , .
TYPE - .
NAME
NAME , JavaScript.
, JavaScript-
.
TABINDEX
,
TABINDEX , . -
106
3. HTML 4.0
TAB INDEX 32767.

, TAB INDEX, 0.

, .
Internet Explorer 5.x Netscape 4.x.
HTML 4.0 DECLARE,
, OBJECT,
) , ,
, .
HTML USEMAP OBJECT,
1 . USEMAP
Internet Explorer 5.x, Netscape 4.7
, Netscape 6 USEMAP.
ActiveX,
, CNET ActiveX Download Caller)'
h t t p : / / w w w . a c t i v e x . c o m / .

: <MARQUEE ...> ... </MARQUEE>
: WIDTH, HEIGHT, ALIGN, BEHAVIOR, BGCOLOR, DIRECTION, HSPACE, VSPACE,
LOOP, SCROLLAMOUNT, SCROLLDELAY
MARQUEE Internet Explorer. ,

<^4ARQUEE . . . >
</MARQUEE>, . MARQUEE
, MARQUEE
, FONT. , ,
, .
, Internet Explorer, MARQUEE
, , .
MARQUEE
, . ,
, ) Web-,
, MARQUEE, .
WIDTH HEIGHT
.
Internet
Explorer. , ,
.
3.6.
107
ALIGN
ALIGN
. LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, TOP,
BOTTOM MIDDLE; ,
IMG, .
BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIOR . SCROLL,
, ,
, ,
. SLIDE,
, , .
BOUNCE ,
.
BGCOLOR
BGCOLOR .
DIRECTION
DIRECTION ,
( BEHAVIOR BOUNCE, DIRECTION
, ).
LEFT ( ) RIGHT ( ).
LEFT.
HSPACE VSPACE
HSPACE VSPACE
. .
LOOP
LOOP , .
, -1, INFINITE ( ) ,
, o)^vIe
.
SCROLLAMOUNT
SCROLLAMOUNT
.
SCROLLDELAY
SCROLLDELAY
.
108
3. HTML 4.0
3.7.
,
. 2 PRE,

, . HTML
BR, . ,
,
, NOBR.
: <BR ...> ( )
: CLEAR
BR , .
HTML- (. )
, BR ,
. CLEAR, NONE
( ), LEFT, RIGHT ALL,
. , Netscape
Internet Explorer, <BR>
(
<> ).
: <NOBR>... </NOBR>
:
NOBR HTML 4.0, .
Netscape Internet Explorer. NOBR ,
, , , <WBR>.
, ( & n b s p ; )
, .
: <WBR> ( )
:
WBR NOBR. WBR
, . WBR
HTML 4.0, , ,
, NOBR.
3.8.
,
.
, Web ,
. -
3.7.
109
Java-, - ,
Adobe Acrobat, VRML ActiveX.
,
. 4 ,
Web-
HTML-. 5
, ,
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
, .
() .
J~y\:EJ^zJ

HTML-.
Netscape Corporation
Navigator 2.0, Microsoft Corporation
Internet Explorer 3.0.
HTML 3.2, Web-
, HTML 4.0. ,
HTML, )'
,
. .
,
(, ) .

Web-.
Web-.
Web-,
HTML- Java.
,
, ,
.
Web. .
112
4.
Web- ,
BACK FORWARD.

Web-.
URL
, URL ,
.
URL ,
(..
Web-
).
Print ( )
.
, .

Web-, .
, ,
,
, ,
.
HTML 4.0 TITLE
. 1,
. ,
, , CLASS, ID
STYLE. 5,
4 . 1 .
HTML- HEAD
BODY, , .
BODY ,
NOFRAMES, , .
BODY FRAMESET,
.
4.1. FRAMESET
FRAMESET, , FRAME,
URL , .
DOCTYPE.
Frameset//EN">
\ ^ .
4 . 2 .
113
4 . 1 .
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 Frameset//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Document T i t l e < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET . . . >
<! FRAME and N e s t e d FRAMESET E n t r i e s >
<NOFRAMES>
<BODY>
< ! - - S t u f f f o r n o n - f r a m e s b r o w s e r s >
</BODY>
</NOFRAMES>
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>
4.2.
FRAMESET .
: <FRAMESET> ... </FRAMESET>

: ROWS, COLS, FRAMEBORDER (), BORDER (),
FRAME SPACING (), BORDERCOLOR (), ONFOCUS (
), ONBLUR (), ONLOAD, ONUNLOAD
FRAMESET .
FRAMESET ,
} . FRAMESET ROWS
COLS. ) FRAMEBORDER, BORDER, BORDERCOLOR, ONFOCUS ONBLUR-
, Netscape 4.x, Internet Explorer 4.x
.. FRAME SPACING
); Internet Explorer. ONLOAD ONUNLOAD
JavaScript-,
.
ROWS
ROWS (
FRAMESET) .
:
<FRAMESET ROWS="Rowl-Size,
...
RowN-Size">
</FRAMESET>
N .
(
), , }^ "%" (
),
"*". "*" " "; -
114
4 .
.
.
<FRAMESET
ROWS="50,10%,*f2*">
</FRAMESET>
.
50 . 10
. ,
, (
"*" 2).
. 4.1.
'
1 Ff1 ROV/S /^^^ inimn^
mRGi
""^"""|gi||
1 Frame Cell
1
i^-^
11
Frame Cell
Frame Cell
1 This is a sample HTML document to be used in frame cells.
^^
. 4.1. ,
" 5 0 , 10%, * , 2 * "
, )% ,
, . ,
,
. ,
ROWS ,
Netscape Web- . ,
(
Netscape).
<FRAMESET R O W S - " * " >
<FRAME SRC="CoreWebProgramming.html">
</FRAMESET>
!
FRAMESET
.
4 . 2 .
115
COLS
COLS (
FRAMESET) . ROWS, COLS
, ,
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Podunk University<BR>
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Welcome to Joe's Cabinets. We specialize in
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<LI>Kitchen Remodeling

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Welcome to Joe's Cabinets. We specialize in
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Kitchen Remodebng
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155
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>An Open L e t t e r t o t h e IRS</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<P CLASS="rhead">
April 1, 2001
<HR>
<P CLASS="rhead">
William A. Bates<BR>
Macrosoft Corporation<BR>
Blumond, WA 12345
<P CLASS="lhead">
Internal Revenue Service<BR>
Philadelphia, PA 67890
<P>
<BR>
Dear Sirs,
<P CLASS="body">
I am writing to inform you that, due to financial difficulties,
I will be unable to pay my taxes this year.
<P CLASS="body">
You see, my company has had reduced profits this year. In fact
gross revenues have now dropped below the GDP of <B>twelve</B>
foreign countries! Given this intolerable situation, I am sure
you will understand.
<P CLASS="foot">
Sincerely,<BR>
William A. Bates
</BODY>
</HTML>
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An Open Letter to the IRS - MkrosofI: MefneiCok^

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April 1,2001
VViiliam A. Bates
Macrosoft
Blumood.WA 12345
Internal Revenue Service

Philadelphia, PA 67890
Dear Sirs,
I am writing to inform you that, due to financial difficulties, I wiD be unable to
pay ray taxes this year.
You see, my company has had reduced profits this year. In fact gross
revenues have now dropped bdow the GDP of twelve foreign countries! Given this
intolerable situation, I am sure you will understand
Sincerely,
Williain A. Bates
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<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">
The 23rd Psalm (King James Version)</H2>
<SPAN>T</SPAN>he LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me
beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me
in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea,
though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I
will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy
staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in
the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil;
my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me
all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the
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The 23rd Psalm

(King James Version)
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Java SDK, Standard Edition, Version 1.2 (JDK 1.2)

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http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/download-windows.html
Solaris SPARC/x86
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/download-solaris.html
196
6. Java
L i n u x 86
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/download-linux.html
Java Development Kit, Version 1.1 (JDK 1.1)

Microsoft Windows
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/downlead-windows.html
Solaris SPARC/x86
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/download-jdk-solaris.html
Java
Java, Java-,
Web-, .. .
Java a p p l e t v i e w e r
"-", Web-
. .
Netscape Navigator Communicator, Microsoft
Internet Explorer, Hotjava Sun .
" ", , Web-
, , HTTP, .. .
,
Internet-. , FTP- Netscape.
N e t s c a p e Navigator
http://home.netscape.com/download/
Microsoft I n t e r n e t E x p l o r e r
http://www.microsoft.com/ie/download/
Hotjava
http://Java.sun.com/products/hotjava/
Java API
)^1, Java API,
( , p r i v a t e )
. ,
- . HTML- JDK 1.1, 1.2 1.3
Sun
. , Web-
Sun,
( 5-10 ).
6-4.
197
Java 2 SDK, Version 1.3 (JDK 1.3)

API
http://Java.sun.com/j2se/l.3/docs/api/
, API
http://Java.sun.com/j2se/l.3/docs.html
Java 2 SDK, Version 1.2 (JDK 1.2)

API
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/api/
, API
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/download-docs.html
Java 1.1 (JDK 1.1)

API
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/api/packages.html
, API
http://Java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.l/#docs
,
Sun h t t p : / / J a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / .

( )
Java-, , ,
, , ,
,
.
, , h t t p : / / J a v a ,
miningco . com/msub9 . htm. .
Borland JBuilder
http://www.boland.com/jbuilder/
IBM VisualAge
http://www-4.ibm.com/software/ad/vajava/
198
6. Java
Oracle J D e v e l o p e r
http://www.oracle.com/ip/develop/ids/jdeveloper.html
WebGain Visual Cafe
http://www.visualeafe.com/Products/VisualCafe_Overview.html
Sun Forte D e v e l o p e r
http://www.sun.com/forte/ffj/

( T e s t . J a v a ) ,
T e s t . , , ,
. ,
,
.
.
Windows UNIX j a v a c
Sun JDK, , j a v a c T e s t . J a v a .
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, .
T e s t , c l a s s .

Java-
J a v a T e s t . , j a v a c , J a v a ,
, T e s t , T e s t . c l a s s . Mac
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, Web-,
. , , Web- T e s t . h t m l ,
T e s t , c l a s s
<APPLET>. .
6.5. Java-
,
Java.
;
Java.
. ,
.
6 . 5 . J a v a -
199
Hello, World
Java- ( Java-)
Java-. , (
) .
main, p u b l i c s t a t i c void.
main , S t r i n g [ ] _
S t r i n g __[ ]. 6.1
, "Hello, world".
7. Java-
.
9, 13,
AWT.

SomeClass
SomeClass. Java. Windows

98/NT/2000
,
SOMECLASS. Java someclass.
Java.
6 . 1 . HeiioWorid.Java
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println{"Hello, world.");
}
}
:
javac HelloWorld.Java
:
Java HelloWorld
:
H e l l o , world.

6.3 , ,
. , ,
, . S t r i n g
Java, Java- l e n g t h ,
.
C++, ,
8. , Macintosh -
200
6. Java
, , ,
; ,
, .
6 . 2 . S h o w A r g s . J a v a
p u b l i c c l a s s ShowArgs {
public s t a t i c void main(String[] args) {
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < a r g s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
System.out.println("Arg " + i + " is
" + args[i];
}
}
}
:
javac
ShowArgs.Java
:
Java ShowArgs fee fie foe fum
:
Arg
Arg
Arg
Arg
0
1
2
3
is
is
is
is
fee
fie
foe
fum
Hello, World
, Web-
, . ,
, ,
m a i n .
i n i t , p a i n t . 6.3
Java-, "Hello, World
Wide Web". 6.4 HTML-, .
, HTML- ;
Java-.
.
9.
6 . 3 . HelloWWW. J a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
p u b l i c c l a s s HelloWWW e x t e n d s A p p l e t {
p r i v a t e i n t f o n t S i z e = 40;
6.5. Java-
public void initO {

setBackground(Color.black);
setForeground(Color.white);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, fontSize));
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawstring("Hello, World Wide Web.", 5, fontSize+5);
c 6.4. HelloWWW.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>HelloWWW: Simple Applet Test.</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>HelloWWW: Simple Applet Test.</Hl>
<P>
<APPLET CODE="HelloWWW.class" WIDTH=460 HEIGHT=50>
<B>Error! You must use a Java enabled browser.</B>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
:
javac HelloWWW.Java
:
HelloWWW. h t m l Web-.
:
. 6.6.
F^ HelloWWW: Simple Aopiet Tesl.
ile (A Yiew Qo Communcatc
Nfstscape
a
HelloWWW: Simple Applet Test.
Hello. World Wide Web.

Ci?''^'<'
^11^^|!|. Z
App{(s{netoWV,Vf<
. 6.6. ,
Netscape Navigator 4.7,
Windows 98
201
202
6. Java
,
,
. ,
PARAM, <APPLET
. . .>
</APPLET>. , g e t P a r a m e t e r . 6.5
HelloWWW, ,
. 6.6 HTML-,
, .
PARAM 9.
6.5. Message.java
import Java . a p p l e t . Appletsimport j a v a . a w t . * ;
p u b l i c c l a s s Message extends Applet {
private int fontSize;
p r i v a t e S t r i n g messagesp u b l i c void i n i t O {
setBackground(Color.black);
setForeground(Color.white);
/ / ,
/ / .
f o n t S i z e = g e t S i z e . h e i g h t - 10;
setFont(new F o n t ( " S a n s S e r i f " , Font.BOLD, f o n t S i z e ) ) ;
/ / ,
/ / HTML- PARAM.
message = getParameter("MESSAGE");
}
p u b l i c void p a i n t ( G r a p h i c s g) {
i f (message != n u l l ) {
g . d r a w s t r i n g ( m e s s a g e , 5, f o n t S i z e + 5 ) ;
}
}
6.6. Message.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The Message Applet</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>The <CODE>Message</CODE> Applet</Hl>
<P>
<APPLET CODE="Message.class" WIDTH=325 HEIGHT=25>
<PARAM NAME="MESSAGE" VALUE="Tiny">
6.5. Java-
203
<B>Sorry, these exampl es require Java</B>

</APPLET>
<P>
<APPLET CODE="Message.cl ass" WIDTH=325 HEIGHT=50>
<PARAM NAME-"MESSAGE" VALUE="Small">
</APPLET>
<P>
<PARAM NAME="MESSAGE VALUE="Medium">
</APPLET>
<P>
<PARAM NAME="MESSAGE" VALUE="Giant">
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
:
javac Message.Java
:
M e s s a g e . h t m l Web-.
:
. 6.7 Web-,
. APPLET
HEIGHT, PARAM VALUE.
JSIxJ
, Ete
1 *
>i-iBack '
iiew
Favorites
->- - . J J
'JU
lools
'i^Search
d
T h e Message A p p l e t
Small
Medium
Giant
i^jOone
; My Computer
. 6.7.
Explorer 5.5,
Windows 2000
204
6. Java
6.6.
Java
.
Java, , , ,
.
Java .
Java, Java Java API
.
,
. - ,
7. -
, ,
, Java -
. , C++,
8, Java,
. C/C++
, 8 . ,
, , , ,
Java-, JavaServer Pages .
JAVA
...
:
.
: .
: ,
.
: Java ,
.
Javadoc: .
:
.
: .
: .
CLASSPATH: .
:
.
Tly\:EJ^zJ
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)' , )' Java, ,
.
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8. -
, , .
, , .
. ,
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. ,
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7.7, Javadoc, 7.9,
, 7.10, ,
CLASSPATH JAR.
7 . 1 .
.
( ) new,
. ,
. :
Point 1 = new Point(2, 4);

Color red = new Color(255, 0, 0);
new
. , ,
new ,
, .
, , .
208
7. - .
OutputStream out = someSocket.getOutputStream();

Point pi = someWindow.location 0 ;
, ,
. ,
S t r i n g .
String stringl = new String("A String");
String string2 = "Another String";
, , Java .
, :
objectReference.variableName
,
.
7.1 S h i p l (
). m a i n
new S h i p l () S h i p l ,
. ,
"" , .
7 . 1 . T e s t l . j a v a
//
//
//
//
//
( ) :
X, , s p e e d , d i r e c t i o n name. , S h i p l
p u b l i c ,
, T e s t l . J a v a -
( p u b l i c ) .
class Shipl {
public double x, , speed, direction;
public String name;
}
// , ,
// main.
public class Testl {
Shipl si = new Shipl();
s1.X = 0.0;
si. = 0.0;
si.speed = 1.0;
si.direction = 0.0;
//
si.name = "Shipl";
Shipl s2 = new Shipl();
s2.x = 0.0;
s2.y = 0.0;
s2.speed = 2.0;
s2.direction = 135.0; // -
s2.name = "Ship2";
sl.x = sl.x + si.speed
* Math.cos(si.direction * Math.PI / 180.0);
7 . 1 .
si. = si. + si.speed

* Math.sin(sl.direction * Math.PI
s2.x = s2.x + s2.speed
'^ Math, cos (s2.direction * Math.PI
s2.y = s2.y + s2,speed
* Math.sin(s2.direction * Math.PI
System.out.println(si.name + " is at ("
+ si.X + "," + si.y +
System.out.println(s2.name + " is at ("
+ s2.x + "," + s2.y +
209
/ 180.0)
/ 180.0)
/ 180.0)
").");
").");
javac T e s t l . j a v a
Java T e s t l
:
Shipl is at (1,0).
Ship2 is at (-1.41421,1.41421).
, , ,
.
Java
(, s o m e S t r i n g , window, o u t p u t S t r e a m l ) ,
(. S t r i n g , Window,
O u t p u t S t r e a m ) . "",
"" (,
s o m e l n s t a n c e V a r i a b l e , S o m e C l a s s ) .
"" (,
someinstancevariable,
S o m e C l a s s ) . (, P I ) .
, ,
.

(myVar),
(myCLass).
, , 7.1,
. , ,
Math , P I ,
.
Math m a t h ? , Math ( Java
), . Java
iciacca, ,
.
s t a t i c ,
. ,
210
7. - ..
; ,
Math, M a t h . P I , ,
s t a t i c f i n a l () P I , Math.
7.2.

, .
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, ,
.
)^ , ,
. 7.2. , ,
, L i s p / C L O S , ( C++
-). , C++, Java
.
public double =0.0;

p u b l i c p r i v a t e , . )
, , p u b l i c
)' . p r i
v a t e , , .
7.2. T e s t 2 . j a v a
/ / S h i p move p r i n t L o c a t i o n ,
/ / p u b l i c
class Ship2 {
public double x=0.0, y=0.0, speed=1.0, direction=0.0;
public String name = "UnnamedShip";
private double degreesToRadians(double degrees) {
return(degrees * Math.PI / 180.0);
}
public void move() {
double angle = degreesToRadians(direction);
X = X + speed * Math.cos(angle);
= + speed * Math.sin(angle);
}
public void printLocation() {
System.out.println(name + " is at " +
" (" + X + ", " 4- + " ) . " ) ;
}
}
public class Test2 {
7 . 3 . this
211

Ship2 si = new Ship2();
si.name = "Shipl";
Ship2 s2 = new Ship2();
s2.direction = 135.0; // -
s2.speed = 2.0;
s2.name = "Ship2";
s1.move();
s2.move();
si.printLocation();
s2.printLocation();
}
:
javac Test2.java
Java Test2
:
Shipl is at (1, 0) .
Ship2 is at (-1.41421,1-41421).
7.3. this
, .
1 new C l a s s N a m e ( . . . ) . ,
,
. -, , , .
(, p u b l i c v o i d S h i p 2 ( . . . )
{...}),
,
.
!
,
.
.
. , Java
, ,
.
p u b l i c SomeClassO
{ }
,
. , ,
, ,
, .
212
7 . - . . .

, Java
.
,
.
S h i p 2 ,
. .
, ,
, ,
. ,
S h i p 3 , :
public Ship3(double , double , ...) {
//
}
:
. ,
, , .
public Ship3(double , double , ...) {
X = ;
= ;
}

.

.
public Ship3(double inputX, double inputY, ...) {
X = inputX;
= inputY;
t h i s .
t h i s .
, ,
. t h i s
, .
double angle = this.degreesToRadians(this.direction);
this.x = this.x + this.speed * Math.cos(this.angle);
this. = this. + this.speed * Math.sin(this.angle);
}
, :
7.3. this
213
}
t h i s
,
. , ,
.
7 . 3 . T e s t 3 . J a v a
/ / S h i p 3
/ / .
class Ship3 {
public double x, , speed, directionspublic String name;
public Ship3(double x, double y, double speed,
double direction, String name) {
this.x = x; // "this"
this. = ; // ,
this.speed = speed;
this.direction = direction;
this.name = name;
private double degreesToRadians(double degrees)
double angle = degreesToRadians(direction)
System.out.println(name + " is at " +
" (" + X + ", " + + ") . ")
public class Tests {

Ships si = new ShipS(0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
0.0, "Shipl")
Ships s2 = new ShipS(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 135.0, "Ship2")
s1.move();
s 2.move();
si.printLocation();
s2.printLocation();
214
7. - .
javac Test3.java
Java T e s t s
:
Shipl is at (1,0).
Ship2 is at (-1.41421,1.41421).
, ,
)[, , ,
,
s t a t i c .
,
. .
public class SomeClass {
int[] values = new int[12];
static {
for (int i=0; i<values . length; i--+) {
values[i] = 2 * i + 5;
}
}
int lastValue = values[11];
}

. .
7.4.
.
, Java
(, ).
" " ,
. ,
,
. ,
. ,
, . Java ,
. Java ,
. ,
. Java
: " " , ,
7-5-
215
. " ",
,
. Java
"" , , ,
, , C++.
" ",

. f i n a l i z e .
p r o t e c t e d void f i n a l i z e ( ) throws Throwable {
doSomeBookkeeping();
s u p e r . f i n a l i z e { ) ; / / f i n a l i z e r
/ / .
}
,
throws Java f i n a l i z e .
. ,
, doSomeBookkeeping
.
7.5.
C++ - , Java
.
. ,
i s B i g : "", ,
S t r i n g , ,
.
public boolean i s B i g ( S t r i n g s) {
r e t u r n ( s . l e n g t h 0 > 10);
}
public boolean i s B i g ( i n t n) {
r e t u r n ( n > 1000);
}
,
r e t u r n ( n > 1000);
, :
if ( > 1000) {
return(true);
} else {
return(false);
}
1 7.4 Ship4 move.

t h i s ( a r g s ) .
.
t h i s .
216
7. - .
public class SomeClass {

public SomeClass {
this(12); //
doSomething();
}
public SomeClass(int num) {
doSomethingWith(num);
doSomeOtherStuff();
}
move ""
. ,
, ,
.
move:
p u b l i c void move() {
double angle = d e g r e e s T o R a d i a n s ( d i r e c t i o n ) ;
X = X + speed * M a t h . c o s ( a n g l e ) ;
= 4- speed * Math, s i n (angle) ;
}
p u b l i c void move(int s t e p s ) {
for ( i n t 1=0; K s t e p s ; i++) {
move();
}
}
move ( i n t s t e p s ) ,
move ().
p u b l i c void move() {
X = X + speed * M a t h . c o s ( a n g l e ) ;
= + speed * M a t h . s i n ( a n g l e ) ;
}
p u b l i c void move2(int s t e p s ) {
X = X + ( d o u b l e ) s t e p s * speed * M a t h . c o s ( a n g l e ) ;
= + ( d o u b l e ) s t e p s * speed * M a t h . s i n ( a n g l e ) ;
}
,

. ; ,
.
.
.
.
:
7.5.
217
p u b l i c void move{) {
move(1);
p u b l i c void move{int s t e p s ) {
X = X + ( d o u b l e ) s t e p s * speed * M a t h . c o s ( a n g l e ) ;
= + ( d o u b l e ) s t e p s * speed * M a t h . s i n ( a n g l e ) ;
}
, ,

. , ,
move , .
7.4.
7 . 4 . T e s t 4 , j a v a
class Ship4 {
public double x=0.0, y=0.0, speed=1.0, direction=0.0;
public String name;
// .
public Ship4(double , double , double speed,
this.x = x;
this. = ;
this.speed = speed;
this.name = name;
// name,
// X, , speed direction .
public Ship4(String name) {
this.name = name;
// .
move(1);
// N .
public void move(int steps) {
X = X + (double)steps * speed * Math.cos(angle);
218
7. - ...
= + (double)steps * speed * Math.sin(angle);

}
System.out.println(name + " is at (" + x + "," + + " ) . " ) ;
}
}
public class Test4 {
Ship4 si = new Ship4("Shipl");
Ship4 s2 = new Ship4(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 135.0, "Ship2")
s1.move();
s2.move(3);
si.printLocation();
s2.printLocation();
}
}
:
javac Test4.java
Java Test4
:
Shipl is at (1,0).
Ship2 is at (-4.24264,4.24264).
7.6.
, ,
, .
. ,
7.5 S h i p , 7.6 ,
.
, , ,
.
.
public

,
. , ,
p r i v a t e g e t X , g e t Y , s e t X
s e t Y ( ).
,
, .
7.6.
219
, )^
. , ,
,
, ,
.
,
, .
s e t X s e t Y ,
. ,
S h i p
. s e t X
s e t Y .

. , ,

P o i n t .
, .
1,
g e t X g e t Y .
javadoc
, " / * * " " * / " ,
j a v a d o c
,
p r i v a t e . j a v a d o c 7.7. ,
)1 , .
, . 7.1,
, S h i p . j a v a ( 7.5).
7 . 5 . S h i p . j a v a
/** ,
* J a v a .
* @author < H R E F = " m a i l t o : l a r r y @ c o r e w e b p r o g r a i r a n i n g . c o m " >

*
L a r r y Brown</A>
* @version 2.0
V
public class Ship {
//
private double x=0.0, y=0.0, speed=1.0, direction=0.0;
private String name;
//
/*^ Ship. */
220
7. - .
public Ship(double , double , double speed,

setX(x);
setY(y);
setSpeed(speed);
setDirection(direction);
setName(name);
}
/** Ship
* (=0, =0, speed=1.0, direction=0.0).
public Ship(String name) {
setName(name);
}
/** .
* .
movelnternal(1);
}
/'^'^ N . */
public void move(int steps) {
movelnternal(steps);
private void movelnternal(int steps) {
X = X + (double)steps * speed ^ Math.cos(angle);
= + (double)steps * speed ^ Math.sin(angle);
}
}
/** . */
System.out.println(getName() + " is at (" + getX() +
"," + getYO + " ) . " ) ;
}
/** X. */
public double getX() {
return(x);
}
/k-k X. */
public void setX(double x) {
7.6.
this.x = ;
}
/** Y. */
public double getY() {
return();
/ . */
public void setY(double ) {
this. = ;
}
/** . */
public double getSpeedO {
return(speed);
}
/ . '^/
public void setSpeed(double speed) {
this.speed = speed;
}
/**
*
*
*
(=, 90=,
180=, 270=).
(0=, 90= ..) ,
.
V
public double getDirection() {
return(direction);
j-k-k (=, 90=,
* 180=, 270=).
public void setDirection(double direction) {
}
/** .
* .
public String getName() {
return(name);
}
private void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
221
222
?. - ...
It'Hn^ffiPi'illfffflllHWIWIl
File
Edk
View
Fjvofites
Tools
Help
[JiSIiJ Deprecated Help

eqCVClASS NCCrCtASS
SUMUA4V; 1 irgtD lC<;tUSâ ^'
OITAlL: riCiD ICOMSTB '
Class Ship
I
+Ship
public class $1
extends Object
Ship exunpk to demonstnte OOP in Java.
Itpj
&yow}t
Constructor Sununaiy
iSli4fi<<iovaji* X, doubi* y , doubit s p t d , doublt
S'ibSLljUiil )
Build a sbp with specified perametere.
dirtction,
:SMp<S':vin:t n*ike)
\
Build a ship with default values (, y-0, sped-l .0, diction-0.0).
Method Smmnary
d
; ^ My Compu
. 7.1. javadoc
Java
7.6. ShipTest.Java
p u b l i c c l a s s ShipTest {
p u b l i c s t a t i c void m a i n ( S t r i n g [ ^ args) {
Ship s i = new S h i p ( " S h i p l " ) ;
Ship s2 = new S h i p ( 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , .Or 135.0, "Ship2");
s1.move();
s2.move(3);
si.printLocation();
s2.printLocation();
}
}
:
javac ShipTest.Java
Java ShipTest
j a v a c
S h i p . Java. Java-
7.7. Javadoc
223
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http://Java.sun.com/j2se/l.3/docs/tooldocs/javadoc/overview.html
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226
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230
7. - .
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// ParentClass.Java: .
// , foo bar.
/ / .
public class ParentClass {
public int a;
private int b;
public ParentClass() { ... }
public ParentClass(double z) { ... }
public String foo(int x. String s) { ... }
private void bar() { ... }
}
//
//
//
//
//
ChildClass.Java: ParentClass.
a b, a foo bar.
,
baz. ChildClass
ParentClass.
public class ChildClass extends ParentClass {

public int c;
public ChildClass(double z) {
super(z); // ParentClass
p u b l i c void b a z ( b o o l e a n isReady)
,
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232
7. - .
7.7. Speedboat.java
/** .
* 20 . */
public class Speedboat extends Ship {
private String color = "red";
/** Speedboat,
* . */
public Speedboat(String name) {
super(name);
setSpeed(20) ;
}
/** Speedboat . */
public Speedboat(double x, double y, double speed,
double direction. String name.
String color) {
super(x, y, speed, direction, name);
setColor(color);
}
/** . . */
System.out.print(getColor().toUpperCase() + " " ) ;
super.printLocation0;
/** Speedboat. */
public String getColor() {
return(color) ;
j-k-k Speedboat. */
public void setColor(String colorName) {
color = colorName;
7.9.
233
7.8.SpeedboatTest.Java
/** , Speedboat Ship. */
public class SpeedboatTest {
Speedboat si = new Speedboat{"Speedboatl");
Speedboat s2 = new Speedboat(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 135.0,
"Speedboat2", "blue");
Ship s3 = new Ship(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 135.0, "Shipl");
s1.move();
s 2.move() ;
s 3.move();
si.printLocation()
s2.printLocation()
s3.printLocation()
:
javac -depend SpeedboatTest.Java
Java SpeedboatTest

S p e e d b o a t . j ava S h i p . j ava.
:
RED Speedboatl is at (20,0).
BLUE Speedboat2 is at (-1.41421,1.41421).
Shipl is at (-1.41421,1.41421).
C++ L i s p / C L O S , Java .
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7.9.
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234
7. - ...
7.9. Shape.java
/ . */
public abstract class Shape {
protected int x, y;
public int getX () {
return(x);
}
public void setX(int x) {
this.x = x;
public int getYO {
return(y);
}
public void setY(int y) {
this. = ;
}
}
Java ,
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public ReturnType methodName(Typel argl, Type2 arg2);
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7.9.
235
7.11.StraightEdgedShape.Java
/* ( ).
* Line, LineSegment,
* LinkedLineSegments Polygon.
public abstract class StraightEdgedShape extends Shape {}
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7 . 1 2 . I n t e r f a c e l . j a v a
public interface Interfacel {
ReturnTypel methodl(ArgTypel arg)
ReturnType2 method2(ArgType2 a r g ) ;
}
c l a s s i n t e r f a c e ,
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236
7. 1- .
7.13.Classl.Java
// ,
// methodl method2.
public class Classl extends SomeClass
implements Interfacel {
public ReturnTypel methodl(ArgTypel arg) {
someCodeHere();
}
public ReturnType2 rnethod2(ArgType2 arg) {
someCodeHere0;
7.14.
7.14. Interf2.java
public interface Interface2 {
ReturnType3 methods( arg) ;
7.15 ,
.
7.15,Class2,java
// abstract,
// ,
// Interfacel Interf2.
public abstract class Class2 extends SomeOtherClass
implements Interfacel,
Interface2 {
}
7.9.
237
C l a s s 2 7.16.
7 . 1 6 . C l a s s 3 . j a v a
/ / ,
/ / methodl, methoci2 methods.
p u b l i c c l a s s Class3 extends Class2 {
p u b l i c ReturnTypel methodl(ArgTypel arg) {
someCodeHere() ;
}
public ReturnType2 method2{ArgType2 arg) {

someCodeHere();
public ReturnTypeS methods( arg)

someCodeHere() ;
,
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p u b l i c , s t a t i c f i n a l
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7 . 1 7 . I n t e r f a c e s . J a v a
/ / .
/ / , .
p u b l i c i n t e r f a c e I n t e r f a c e s extends
Interfacel,
Interface2 {
i n t MIN_VALUE = 0;
i n t MAX VALUE = 1000;
Shape?
, ,
. Measurable, 7.18.
238
7. - .
7.18.Measurable.j ava
/** ,
* .
public interface Measurable {
double getAreaO;
Circle ,
Measurable ( 7.19).
7.19.Circle.Java
/ ( Circle). ,
* Circle Measurable.
public class Circle extends Curve implements Measurable {
private double radius;
public Circle(int x, int y, double radius) {
setX(x) ;
setY(y);
setRadius(radius);
}
public double getRadius() {
return(radius);
public void setRadius(double radius)
this.radius = radius;
}
/** Measurable. */
public double getAreaO {
returi> (Math. PI * radius * radius);
Measurable ,
, ,
. 7.20.
7.9.
239
7.20.MeasureUtil.Java
/** , ]^!
'^ Measurable.
V
public class MeasureUtil {
public static double maxArea(MeasuraUDle ml,
Measurable m2) {
return(Math.max(ml.getArea(), m2.getArea()));
}
public static double totalArea(Measurable[] mArray) {
double total = 0;
for(int i=0; i<mArray.length; i++) {
total = total + mArray[i].getArea0;
}
return(total);
}
}
,
M e a s u r a b l e , M e a s u r e U t i l .
7.21 7.22 P o l y g o n
. ,
,
.
7.21. Polygon.java
/ * * .
*/
p u b l i c a b s t r a c t c l a s s Polygon e x t e n d s StraightEdgedShape
implements Measurable {
p r i v a t e i n t numSides;
p u b l i c i n t getNumSides()
return(numSides);
protected void setNumSides(int

this.numSides = numSides;
}
}
numSides) {
240
7. - ..
7.22. Rectangle. java

/** Rectangle getArea,
* Measurable,
* .
public class Rectangle extends Polygon {
private double width, height;
public Rectangle(int x, int y,
double width, double height) {
setNumSides (2);
setX(x);
setY(y);
setWidth(width);
setHeight(height);
}
public double getWidth() {
return(width);
public void setWidth(double width) {
this.width = width;
}
public double getHeightO {
return(height);
public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}
/** ,
* Measurable.
public double getAreaO {

return(width * height);
}
}
,
S h a p e .
M e a s u r a b l e , ,
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7.9. 1
241
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7.23. MeasureTest.java
/**
*
*
*
MeasureUtil. ,
measurables ,
Measurable.
.
public class MeasureTest {

Measurable[] measurables =
{ new Rectangle(0, 0, 5.0, 10.0),
new Rectangle(0, 0, 4.0, 9.0),
new Circle(0, 0, 4.0) ,
new Circle(0, 0, 5.0) };
System.out.print("Areas:");
for(int i=0; i<measurables.length; i++)
System.out.print(" " + measurables[i].getArea());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Larger of 1st, 3rd: " +
MeasureUtil.maxArea(measurables[0] ,
measurables[2]) +
"\nTotal area: " +
MeasureUtil.totalArea(measurables));
( M e a s u r e U t i l )
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242
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packagename
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package packagename;
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: \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s . , ,
7.24-7.27,
.
packagel (: \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ p a c k a g e l ) C l a s s l .
package2 ( : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ p a c k a g e 2 ) C l a s s 2 .
2 . ( C : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ p a c k a g e 2 \ p a c k a g e 3 )
C l a s s 3 .
package4 (: \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ p a c k a g e 4 ) C l a s s l .
, p a c k a g e l package4
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243
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7 . 2 4 . : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ p a c k a g e l \ C l a s s l . J a v a
package p a c k a g e l ;
public class Classl {

p u b l i c s t a t i c void p r i n t l n f o ( ) {
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " T h i s i s C l a s s l in p a c k a g e l . " )
}
}
7.25. :\Java\classes\package2\Class2.java
package package2;
public class Class2 {
public static void printlnfo() {
System.out.println("This is Class2 in package2.");
}
}
7.26. :\Java\classes\package2\package3\Class3.java
package package2.;
public class Class3 {
System.out.println("This is Class3 in " +
"package2..");
}
}
7.27.:\Java\classes\package4\Classl.java
package package4;
public class Classl {
System.out.println("This is Classl in package4."),
}
}
244
7. - .
, (
7.28). : \ J a v a X c l a s s e s .
7.28.:\Java\classes\PackageExample.Java
import packagel.*;
import package2.Class2;
import package2.packages.*;
p u b l i c c l a s s PackageExample {
p u b l i c s t a t i c void m a i n ( S t r i n g [ ] args) {
Classl.printlnfo() .
Class2.printlnfo() ,
C l a s s 3 . p r i n t l n f o (),
package4.Classl.printlnfo(
}
:
j a v a c PackageExample.Java
Java PackageExample

.
:
This
This
This
This
is
is
is
is
Classl
Class2
Class3
Classl
in
in
in
in
packagel.
package2.
package2..
package4.
PackageExample. Java
, Example .
,
.
javac
javac
javac
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packagel/Classl.Java
package2/Class2.Java
package2/package3/Class3.Java
package4/Classl.Java
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C : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \ , C : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s \
p a c k a g e 2 \ C l a s s 2 . Java, package2.
245
2. , , ,
CLASSPATH
, . ,
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CLASSPATH : \ J a v a \ c l a s s e s .
CLASSPATH
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, CLASSPATH, :
setenv CLASSPATH
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Windows 9 8 / 2 0 0 0 / N T :
set CLASSPATH=.;:\BillGates\classes;D:\Java\classes
MacOS ,
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t
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247
( "") JAR-.
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C l a s s X . c l a s s , ,
JAR-.
:\Java\classes>jar
cfv e x a m p l e . j a r p a c k a g e l package2
package4
:
added manifest
adding: packagel/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: packagel/Classl.class(in = 4 68)
(out= 326)(deflated 30%)
adding: package2/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: package2/Class2.class(in = 4 68)
adding: package2/package3/(in = 0) (out= 0)
(stored 0%)
adding: package2/package3/Class3.class(in = 486)
adding: package4/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: package4/Classl.class(in = 4 31)
, , ,
. , e x a m p l e . j a r
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jar-
(? _.
jar-, CLASSPATH.
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/ r o o t / j d k l . 3 / j r e / l i b / e x t / . JAR-, , Java
, , .

,
CLASSPATH, , -
/root/jdkl.3/jre/lib/ext/.
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, .
7 . 1 1 .
,
: p u b l i c , p r i v a t e , p r o t e c t e d , s t a t i c .
,
.
248
7. - .

,
. ,
p u b l i c p r i v a t e
. C++, ,
, C++.
7.1.

public,
private
protected
( )
public
,
, .
, ;
j a v a d o c .
,

.
. S h i p
( 7.5); JavaBeans.
, ""
,
( ). ,
, ,
, .
J a v a . a w t . P o i n t ,
X , p u b l i c ,
, .

p u b l i c .
7 . 1 1 .
249

public.
p u b l i c ,
.
, .
private
,
. p r i v a t e
,
, .
protected
,
, .
, p r o t e c t e d , -
.
,
p r i v a t e , ,
.
( )
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.

static
,
. ,
s t a t i c , , . ,
, Foo b a r
f o o l f 2 , b a r
: f o o l . b a r , f 2 . b a r Foo , b a r .
.
( ) M a t h , c o s ,
Math , c o s .

.
, . 7.29
250
7. - ..
main.
s t a t i c M e t h o d , regularMethod
.
7.29. Statics.java
pmi
public class Statics {
StaticMethod{);
Statics si = new Statics();
si.regularMethod{) ;
public static void staticMethod() {
System.out.println("This is a static method.");
}
public void regularMethod() {
System.out.println("This is a regular method.");
}
}
final
f i n a l ,
.
. f i n a l
, ,
.
, , f i n a l , .
abstract
,
. a b s t r a c t
, .
synchronized
s y n c h r o n i z e d
. , s y n c h r o n i z e d ,
.
16.
volatile
Java
,
. (, long)

. v o l a t i l e
.
7 . 1 1 .
251
transient
, t r a n s i e n ,
.
native
, C++.
7.12.
Java -
. ,
Java. ,
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" / * " " * / " ) (,
" / / " ).
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Java-, , , .
254
8. Java
/* .
. . */
//
while (int i=l; i<=5; i++) {
if (i==2)
System.out.println("Tea for two.");
else
System.out.println("Not two.");
}
Bee .
Java
:
while(int i=l;i<=5;i++){if(i==2)
System.out.println("Tea for two.");else
System.out.println("Not two.");}
, : " ' i n t i'?" ,

: i n t i.
, , Java-
, , ,
. ,

.
.
1. . , While
WHILE w h i l e .
2. ( )
("_") ,
. , ,
"$", ,
.
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Java The Java Language Specification,
h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / d o c s /
books/jls/.
8 . 2 .
255
8.2.
Java , , ,
. , , ,
, . Java :
b o o l e a n , c h a r , b y t e , s h o r t , i n t , l o n g , f l o a t d o u b l e . ,
v o i d , .
boolean
: t r u e f a l s e .
C/C++, Java . :
boolean
boolean
boolean
boolean
flagl
flag2
flag3
flag4
= false;
= (6 < 7 ) ; // true
= !true;
// false
=0;
// !
char
16- , Unicode.
,
unicode- (\uXXXX, X
) \ (Baskspace), \ t (), \ (
), \ f ( ) , \ ( ), \ ( ), \ '
( ), \ \ ( ). :
char
char
char
char
char
= 3 ;
1 = ' Q ' ;
2 = ' \uOOOO'; / /
= ' \ u F F F F ' ; / /
4 = ' \ ' ;
/ / Backspace
Unicode h t t p : //www. U n i c o d e . o r g / .
byte
8- .
.
b y t e -128 --127.
short
s h o r t 16- .
.
s h o r t -32768 +32767.
int
32- .
.
( 1, 10 100 1, 10 100),
( 1, 10 100 0 1 ,
256
8. Java
012 0144) ( 1, 10 100

0x1, 0x64). , 9,
, , , D, F.
i n t I n t e g e r .MIN_VALUE (-2 )
I n t e g e r . MAX_VALUE (2"' -1). :
int
int
int
int
iO
il
i2
13
=
=
=
=
0;
-12345;
OxCafeBabe; // "" .class
0777;
// ,
// 511
long
64- .
.
L, . 1
,
, 1 1.
,
. l o n g
L o n g . MIN_VALUE (-2"") Long . MAX_VALUE (2''-1). :
long
long
long
long
al
2
=
=
=
=
0L;
-123451;
OxBabeL; // ,
-067671;
c h a r , ( b y t e , s h o r t , i n t l o n g )
. C^-^-, Java
. , ( b y t e s h o r t ) ,
,
. , ,
, b y t e ,
, b y t e , 127.
s h o r t , i n t l o n g . , i n t
.
float
f l o a t 32- IEEE
754.
f F.
f ,
,
f l o a t .
float
fO = - 1 . 2 3 f ;
10 . ,
1 f l 6.02x10"^ ,
f 2 4.5x10 .
8.2.
257
float fl = 6.02E23F;
float f2 = 4.5e-17f;

F l o a t . MIN_VALUE (1.4x10"'") F l o a t .MAX_VALUE (3.410'').

. F l o a t
POSITIVE_INFINITY, NEGATIVE_INFINITy NaN (not-a-number
). NaN F l o a t . isNaN.
( F l o a t . NaN == F l o a t . NaN) f a l s e .
IEEE ,
NaN.
double
64- IEEE
754.
d D, .
.
double
double
double
double
dO
d2
d3
d4
=
=
=
=
1.23;
-4.56d;
6.02214E+23;
le-99;

D o u b l e . MIN_VALUE (4.910'''') D o u b l e .MAX_VALUE (1.710'"').
f l o a t ,
. D o u b l e
POSITIVE_INFINITY, NEGATIVE_INFINITY NaN.
D o u b l e . NaN D o u b l e . isNaN.

Java . :
2 t y p e 2 V a r =
(2)typelVar;
B ,
, , . :
int 1 = 3 ;
byte b = (byte)i; // i ;
//
long X = 123456L;
short s = (short); // short
//
, s ,
123456 16- .
,
.
258
8. Java
double d = 3.1416;
float f = (float)d; //
// 32-
short S = (short)f; // float short
int i = s; //
// ;
,
Math, .
, ,
. , ,
/ a f Language Specification,
h t t p : / / J a v a . s u n . c o m / d o c s / b o o k s / j I s / .
8.3. ,
(+, - , * ..),
( i f s w i t c h ) ( w h i l e f o r ) .

( ). , , C++
:
Point pl(3,4)f 2(1,3); // C++
1 += 2; // 1 2
Java .
, , .
1.translate(2);

. 8.1. , ,
, .
:
Math. , + .
8 . 1 .
+,
X = + 5;
, ,
i n t X = 3, = 2;
i n t Z = X / ;
/ /

/
/
i n t i = 1, j = 1 ;
^^^ ^ ^ i++/ / / = 1 ,
i n t = ++J; / / =2,
1=2
j=2
8.3. ,
259
. 8.1
/ / >
Scf
\f
i n t = 3;
int = X
2; / / 12
i n t = ~127; / / -128
And, Or,
i n t = 127 & 2; / / 2
i n t = 127 I 2; / / 127
i n t z = 127 ^ 2; / / 125
Java, C++, :
= ;

= ;
,
1=1+5;
X = X + 3;

1 += 5;
X += 3 ;

Java if, switch "? :",
. 8.2 . C++,
,
C/C++, ,
. ,
, . 8.3.
8.2.
if
if
{_)
;
(_)
!/
} else {
2;
if
?:
_? ! : 2;
260
8. Java
. 8.2
g^.^j^j^
s w i t c h () {
c a s e ! : !;
breaksc a s e 2 : 2;
2;
breaksd e f a u l t : ;
}
8.3.
==,
!=
< <= f >/

&&/
!
Ii
, . ,
== ,
>=
"", " ", "", "

",
AND, OR.

if {_:)
if {_)
! e l s e 2
i f ( b o o l e a n ) .
t r u e , ,
. f a l s e ,
, e l s e (
). i f ,
b o o l e a n , . Java
C++, , ,
t r u e . }' :
/ / . Math.max
public static int max2(int nl, int n2) {
if (nl >= n2)
return(nl);
else
return(n2);
}
i f - e l s e ,
. :
8.3. ,
261
public static int inax2Verbose(int nl, int n2) {

if (nl >= n2) {
System.out.println(nl + " is larger.");
return(nl);
} else {
System.out.println(n2 + " is larger.");
return(n2);
}
}
, else if,
else . :
public static int max3(int nl, int n2, int n3) {
if (nl >= n2)
if (nl >= n3)
return(nl);
else
return(n3);
else
if (n2 >= n3)
return(n2);
else
return(n3);
}
i f
e l s e . , i f
1, , ,
.
i f
, .
, .
/ /
p u b l i c SomeType someMethod(...) {
if {
statementl;
statementN
} else {
statementA;
statementZ;
}
}
/ /
p u b l i c SomeType someMethod(...)
{ if
{ statementl;
StatementN;
} else
{ StatementA;
262
8. Java
statementZ;
}
}
//
public SomeType someMethod(...)
{
if
{
statementl;
statementN;
}
else
{
statementA;
StatementZ;
}
}

, && ( ,
AND) | | ( , OR).
C/C++, " ".
, ,
,
. , ,
&& && f a l s e , f a l s e ;
&& . ,
, | |, t r u e ,
t r u e . :
public static int max3(int nl, int 2, int ) {
if ((nl >= n2) && (nl >= ))
return(nl);
else if ((n2 >= nl) && (n2 >= n3))
return(n2);
else
return(n3);
}
, & |,
, .
.
__ ? _1: _15
i f , Java ,
.

if (someCondition)
someVar = valuel;
else
someVar = value2;
8.3. ,
263
:
someVar = (someCondition ? valuel : value2);
,
, . , 2
:
public static int max2Short(int nl, int n2) {
return((nl >= n2) ? nl : n2);
}
switch {) { _ ]
s w i t c h ,
( c h a r , b y t e , s h o r t , i n t ,
long). s w i t c h
, ,
c a s e .
,
c a s e .
.
p u b l i c s t a t i c S t r i n g number(int d i g i t ) {
switch(digit) {
case 0: r e t u r n " z e r o " ) ;
case 1: r e t u r n ("one");
case 2: r e t u r n ("two");
case 3: r e t u r n ( " t h r e e " ) ;
case 4: r e t u r n ( " f o u r " ) ;
case 5: r e t u r n f i v e " ) ;
case 6: r e t u r n ( " s i x " ) ;
case 7: r e t u r n " s e v e n " ) ;
case 8: r e t u r n " e i g h t " ) ;
case 9: r e t u r n " n i n e " ) ;
default: return("Not a single d i g i t " ) ;

. ,
s w i t c h , ,
:
c a s e ,
c a s e , c a s e . ,
, s w i t c h
.
switch(val) {
case testl:
case test2:
actionForTestland2();
}
264
8. Java
, )^ c a s e ,
b r e a k r e t u r n .
, ,
:
// ,
// switch.
public static String numberVerbose(int digit) {
String resultsswitch (digit) {
case 0: System.out.println("zero") ;
result = "zero";
case 1: System.out.println("one");
result = "one";
case 2: System.out.println("two");
result = "two";
case 3: System.out.println("three");
result = "three";
case 4: System.out.println("four");
result = "four";
case 5: System.out.println("five");
result = "five";
case 6: System.out.println("six");
result = "six";
case 7: System.out.println("seven");
result = "seven";
case 8: System.out.println("eight");
result = "eight";
case 9: System.out.println("nine");
result = "nine";
default: System.out.println(
"Not a single digit");
result = "Not a single digit";
}
return(result)
c a s e ,
, .
n u m b e r V e r b o s e (5) :
five
six
seven
eight
nine
Not a single digit
, ,
c a s e , b r e a k , :
public static String numberVerboseFixed(int digit) {
String result;
switch(digit) {
case 0: System.out.println("zero");
8.3. ,
265
result = "zero";
break;
case 1: System.out.println("one");
result = "one";
break;
default: System.out.println("Not a single digit");
result = "Not a single digit";
}
return(result);
}
Java , C/C++: w h i l e , do f o r .
. 8.4
. , Java b r e a k c o n t i n u e ,

.
8.4.
while
w h i l e {_) {
_1,;
}
do {
^;
] w h i l e {_) ;
do
for
tor {1,;
_1;
}
_;
) {
while
w h i l e , , ,
1 t r u e , . ,
max:
p u b l i c s t a t i c v o i d l i s t N u m s l ( i n t max) {
i n t i = 0;
w h i l e ( i <= max) {
System.out.println("Number: " + i ) ;
i++;
}
}
l i s t N u m s 1 ( 5 ) :
0:
1:
zero
one
266
8. Java
2: two
3: three
4: four
do
do w h i l e ,
. ,
.
, do. l i s t N u m s 2 (5)
, , l i s t N u m s 2 ( - 5 ) ,
"Number : ". : l i s t N u m s l (-5)
. , do
, w h i l e
. l i s t N u m b e r (-5) .
public static void listNums2(int max) {
int i = 0;
do {
i++;
} while (i <= max); //
}
,
: d o .
for

f o r . .
, , t r u e ,
.
l i s t N u m s 3 ,
, .
public static void listNums3(int max) {
for(int i=0; i<max; i++) {
}
}
Java ( )
f o r . , ,
t r u e . :
for(;;)
{ / * */ }
while(true) { /* */ }
f o r ,
.
, r e t u r n b r e a k .
8.3. ,
267
while, do for ,
.
, .
for, ,
. while, ,
.
8.1 while.
while .
. , , ,
.
. DropBall 8.2.
8.1. DropBall.Java
/*
*
(550 ). ,
* , .
V
public class DropBall {
int time = 0;
double start = 550.0, drop = 0 . 0 ;
double height = startswhile (height > 0) {
System.out.println("After " + time +
(time==l ? " second, " : " seconds,") +
"the ball is at " + height + " feet.");
time++;
drop = freeFall(time);
height = start - drop;
}
System.out.println("Before " + time + " seconds could " +
"expire, the ball hit the ground!");
}
/** .
public static double freeFall (float time) {
// 32 / '^2.
return(16. * time * time); // 1/2 gt^2
268
8. Java
8.2. DropBall
Prompt> Java DropBall
After 0 seconds,the ball is at
After 1 second, the ball is at
Before 6 seconds could expire,
550.0 feet.
534.0 feet.
486.0 feet.
406.0 feet.
294.0 feet.
150.0 feet.
the ball hit the ground!
8.4. Math
Math ,
. s t a t i c ,
Math.
public static Hnal d o u b l e E

, .. 2.7182818284590452354.
public static final d o u b l e P I
, . .
3.14159265358979323846.

public static int abs(int n u m )
public static l o n g abs(long n u m )
public static float abs(float n u m )
public static d o u b l e a b s ( d o u b l e n u m )
.
public static d o u b l e c e i l ( d o u b l e n u m )
public static d o u b l e
floor(double
num)
c e i l d o u b l e - ,
. f l o o r d o u b l e , .
public static e x p ( d o u b l e n u m )
"""\
8.4. Math
269
public static double IEEEremainder(double fl, double f2)

f 1 f 2
IEEE 754.
public static double log(double num)
. Java
(, 10 2).
:
1() = 12() / 12(1)
p u b l i c s t a t i c double l o g ( d o u b l e num, double base) {
return(Math.log(num) / M a t h , l o g ( b a s e ) ) ;
}
public static int max(int numl, int num2)

public static long max(long numl, long num2)
public static float max(float numl, float num2)
public static double max(double numl, double num2)
public static int min(int numl, int num2)
public static long min(long numl, long num2)
public static float min(float numl, float num2)
public static double min(double numl, double num2)
(max) (min) .
public static double pow(double base, double exponent)
pow base^'^^^"'^"'.
public static double random()
0.0 ()
1.0 ( ).
j ava . u t i l . Random.
public static double rint(double num)
public static int round(float num)
public static long round(double num)
.
, .5. round
, r i n t
, IEEE 754. r i n t
,
)^1 .
public static double sqrt(double num)
num (
) Double . NaN NaN .
270
8. Java

public static double sin(double radians)
public static double cos(double radians)
public static double tan(double radians)
,
, .
public static double toDegrees(double radians)
public static double toRadians(double degrees)

. , , 60 :
Math, sin (Math. toRadians (60.0) )
public static double acos(double val)

public static double asin(double val)
public static double atan(double val)
,
. .
Biglnteger BigDecimal
Java : Java.math.
B i g l n t e g e r Java .math . BigDecimal. ,
, , , ,
.
,
, . ,
, B i g l n t e g e r ,
, . 8.3
B i g l n t e g e r N ! ( N,
.. N* (N-1) * (N-2) * . . . *1) N.
8.4.
8.3. F a c t o r i a l . j a v a
import
Java.math.Biglnteger;
/** B i g l n t e g e r .
*/
public class Factorial {

f o r ( i n t i = l ; i<=256; i'^=2) {
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( i + "!=" + f a c t o r i a l ( i ) ) ;
}
}
8.5.
271
public static Biglnteger factorial(int n) {

if (n <= 1) {
return(new Biglnteger("1"));
} else {
Biglnteger bigN = new Biglnteger(String.valueOf(n));
return(bigN.multiply(factorial(n - 1) ) ) ;
}
}
}
8.4. F a c t o r i a l
Prompt> Java Factorial

1!=1
2! =2
4 !=24
81=40320
161=20922789888000
32 1=2 6313083 6933 693530167218012160000000
64 1=12 688 693218588 41641034 3338 93351614 808028 6551617 4 54 51921988018 94 375
2147 042 304 00000000000000
128 1=3856204 823 625804 217 3567 7 0 6592 34 63 64 0 617 4 9310 95902235 9027 882 8 4 0327
637 34 0257 516554 35 60 68 616858 8 507 3 61534 0300518 33058 91634 7 592172 9322 624 98
8577 66114 9552 4 503 9357 7 60034 64 4 7 0927 92 4 7 692 4 955852800000000000000000000
00000000000
2 561=8 57 8177 7 534 28 4 2 654119082271681232 62 5157 7 8152027 94 856198 5 9 655 65037
72 694 5255314 7 58 9377 4 4 02 913 604 514 08 4 5037 58 8534 233 658 4 30 615719 6834 693 69
4 7 532228 9288 4 97 4 2 602567 9 637 3325 633 687 8 64 4 2 67 5207 62 67 94 560187 968 8 67 9
2114 330770207752 664 64 514 6470 918732 610083287 6325702818 9807736717814 5417
0250523018 6084 953190 6813 8257 4 81070252817 5594 594 7 6987034 66571273813 928 6
205234 7568082188 607 01203 6110831520 9350194 7 4 3710 910172 69 682 628 616062 63 6
624 350228 4 0 94 41914 084 24 61593 600000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
!
java .math,
Biglnteger
BlgDeclmal, java. lang.Math. Math
. ,
.
8.5.
,
-.
272
8. Java

S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n .
Java, , out
System, , ( P r i n t S t r e a m ) ,
p r i n t l n . p r i n t l n P r i n t S t r e a m
p r i n t . , p r i n t l n ,
. p r i n t l n ( p r i n t )
.
S t r i n g . valueOf, ,
S t r i n g , t o S t r i n g ,
.
-. p r i n t l n .
System.out.println(2 + '' + " ||
! " + new I n t e g e r ( 2 ) + "");
p r i n t l n p r i n t P r i n t S t r e a m f l u s h .
, , ,
. J a v a . i o . P r i n t S t r e a m
API.
, Java
, p r i n t f s p r i n t f .
J a v a . t e x t . DecimalFormat.
, .
format.
8.5, 8.6.
8.5. NumFormat. java
import
java.text.*;
/** DecimalFormat. */
public class NumFormat {
public static void main (String[] args) {
DecimalFormat science = new DecimalFormat("0.OOOEO");
DecimalFormat plain = new DecimalFormat("0.0000");
for(double d=100.0; d<140.0; d*=1.10) {
System.out.println("Scientific: " + science.format(d)
" and Plain: " + plain.format(d));
}
}
8.5.
273
8 . 6 . NumFormat
Prompt> Java NumFormat

Scientific: 1.000E2 and
Plain:
Plain:
Plain:
Plain:
100.0000
110.0000
121.0000
133.1000
D e c i m a l F o r m a t
S t r i n g , .
, , . . 8.5
, . , ,
, ### . ,
. 23767.82
23,767.8, 0.43 .4 ( ).
D e c i m a l F o r m a t
. D e c i m a l F o r m a t -
, p r i n t f .
h t t p : //www. acme . c o m / j a v a / s o f t w a r e / A c m e . Fmt. h t m l .
, S y s t e m , o u t ,
. ,
, , .
S y s t e m , s e t Out, P r i n t S t r e a m ,
.
8.5. ,
. ,
,
""
100

S y s t e m , o u t Java S y s t e m , e r r ,
.
P r i n t S t r e a m S y s t e m , o u t .
, S y s t e m . s e t E r .
274
8. Java

,
Java. , ,
,
.
, .
,
S y s t e m , i n Buf f e r e d R e a d e r :
BufferedReader keyboard =
new B u f f e r e d R e a d e r (
new I n p u t S t r e a i u R e a d e r ( S y s t e m , i n ) ) ;
r e a d L i n e
BufferedReader:
String line = keyboard.readLine();
8.6. , Java

, Java- ( Java-)
.
.
1. Runtime.
g e t R u n t i m e R u n t i m e .
Runtime r t
= Runtime.getRuntime();
2. . e x e c ,
P r o c e s s .
Process proc = rt.exec("someProgram");

,
. , e x e c
PATH,
. , e x e c ,
">" " I ", . , R u n t i m e
e x e c ,
S t r i n g ,
. :
String[] args = { "-1", "*.java" };

rt.exec{"Is", args); // .
3. ( ).
e x e c ,
, .
, .
e x e c .
8 . 6 . , Java
275
,
,
w a i t F o r .
proc.waitFor()/
, ,
j a v a c ,
J a v a . ,
. , w a i t F o r
, .
4. (
). ,
,
. , , ,
, , .
,
Buf f e r e d R e a d e r , :
try {
BufferedReader buffer =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(proc.getInputStream()));
String s = null;
while ((s = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Output: " + s);
}
buffer.close()/
} catch(Exception e) {
/* */
}
8.7
E x e c , e x e c , e x e c P r i n t e x e c W a i t . ,
, 8.8.

, . ,
, " " ,
.
!
.

, " ".
276
8. Java
.?. Exec. Java

import
/**
^
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
java.io.*;
,
. :
<0L>
<LI><B>exec</B>:
, .
, .
<LI><B>execWait</B>:
, .
,

(, <CODE>javac</CODE> <CODE>java</CODE>).
<LI><B>execPrint</B>: ,
. UNIX
<CODE>ls</CODE>.
</0L>
, PATH ,
<></> . ,
. , UNIX

<0L>
<LI><PRE>Exec.exec("/usr/ucb/lpr Some-File");</PRE>
<LI><PRE>Exec.execWait("/usr/local/bin/javac Foo.java");
Exec.execWait("/usr/local/bin/Java Foo");</PRE>
<LI><PRE>Exec.execPrint("/usr/bin/ls -al");</PRE>
</0L>
public class Exec {

private static boolean verbose = true;
/** , Exec
* .
'^ true.
* @param verboseFlag true: , false: .
public static void setVerbose(boolean verboseFlag) {
verbose = verboseFlag;
}
/** Exec ? */
public static boolean getVerboseO {
return(verbose);
/** .
* ,
* .
8.6. , Java
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0param command <></>

. (, "cd")
(, ">") .
@return false,
,
, .
true.
V
public static boolean exec(String command) {
return(exec(command, false, false));
}
/*"^ .
* , .
*
*
*
*
*
'^
*
@param command <></>

.
.
@return false,
. ( ,
, . )
true.
public static boolean execWait(String command) {

return(exec(command, false, true));
}
/** .
* , .
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
@param command <></>

.
.
(return false,
. ( ,
, .)
true.
V
public static boolean execPrint(String command) {
return(exec(command, true, false));
/**
*
*
*
*
Process Runtime.getRuntime.exec()
,
waitFor,
,
.
V
private static boolean exec(String command,
boolean printResults,
boolean wait) {
277
278
8. Java
if (verbose) {
printSeparator();
System.out.println("Executing '" + command + " ' . " ) ;
}
try {
// ; .
Process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
// .
// , ,
// ,
if(printResults) {
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(p.getlnputstream()));
String s = null;
try {
while ((s = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Output: " + s ) ;
}
buffer.close() ;
if (p.exitValue0 != 0) {
if (verbose) {
printError(command + " -- p.exitValue() != 0")
}
return(false);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// .
// , .
}
// , waitFor,
// .
} else if (wait) {
try {
System.out.println ( " " ) ;
int returnVal = p.waitFor();
if (returnVal != 0) {
if (verbose) {
printError(command);
}
return(false);
}
if (verbose) {
printError(command, e ) ;
}
return(false);
}
}
if (verbose) {
printError(command, e ) ;
}
return(false);
8.6. , Java
279
return(true);
}
private static void printError(String command,

Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error doing exec(" + command + " ) :
e.getMessage());
System.out.println("Did you specify the full " +
"pathname?");
" +
private static void printError(String command) {

System.out.println("Error executing '" + command + "'.")
private static void printSeparator() {
System.out.println
8.8 Exec UNIX,

8.9.
8.8. ExecTest.Java
/** Exec. */
public class ExecTest {
// , "&" ,
// .
// exec ,
//
// Netscape.
Exec.exec("/us/local/bin/netscape");
// , .
Exec.execPrint("/us/bin/Is");
Exec.execPrint("/usr/bin/cat Test.Java");
// .
/ / .
Exec.execWait("/usr/javal.3/bin/javac Test.Java");
// Test.class .
Exec.execPrint("/usr/bin/ls");
}
}
280
8. Java
8.9. ExecTest
Unix> Java ExecTest
Executing '/usr/local/bin/netscape'.
Executing '/usr/bin/ls'.
Output: Exec.class
Output: Exec.Java
Output: ExecTest.class
Output: ExecTest.Java
Output: Test.Java
Executing '/usr/bin/cat Test.Java'.
Output: public class Test {
Output:
boolean flag;
Output: }
Executing '/usr/javal.3/bin/javac Test.Java'
Executing '/usr/bin/ls'.
Output: Exec.class
Output: Exec.Java
Output: ExecTest.class
Output: ExecTest.Java
Output: Test.class
Output: Test.Java
8.7.
, , ..
( ), ,
. Java ,
. Java
, , ,
Java . ! ^^ ,
, . ,
, ,
, , ,
. Java , codej)Maiu,eu ,
, .
,
. , Java
,
. ,
. ,
, Java .
, ,
.
8.7.
281
8.10,
8.11.
. 10. ReferenceTest.Java
import Java . awt. Pointspublic class ReferenceTest {
Point pi = new Point(1, 2 ) ; // pi
/ / Point.
Point p2 = pi; // p2
// Point,
print("1", 1); // (1, 2)
print("2", 2); // (1, 2)
triple(2);
// 2
print("2", 2); // (1, 2)
2 = triple(2); // 2
/ / Point
print("2", 2); // (3, 6)
print("1", 1); // 1 : (1, 2)
public static Point triple(Point p) {
p = new Point(p.X * 3, p. * 3 ) ; // p
return(p);
public static void print(String name. Point p) {
System.out.println("Point " + name + "= (" +
p.X + ", " + p. + " ) . " ) ;
8.11. ReferenceTest
Prompt> Java ReferenceTest
Point pl = (1, 2)
Point p2= (1, 2)
Point p2 = (1, 2)
Point p2 = (3, 6)
Point pl= (1, 2)
, triple
2, .
, 2 .
2 , ,
triple.
(.. )^ ), , ,
( ). , ,
8.12, 8.13.
282
8. Java
8.12.ModificationTest.Java
import Java.awt.Point;
public class ModificationTest extends.ReferenceTest {
Point pi = new Point(1, 2 ) ; // pi
/ / Point.
Point p2 = pi; // p2
// Point,
print("1", 1); // (1, 2)
print("2", 2); // (1, 2)
munge(p2);
// Point.
printC'pl", pi) ; // (5, 10)
print("2", p2); // (5, 10)
}
public static void munge(Point p) {
p.x = 5;
p. = 10;
}
}
8.13. Modif icationTest

Prompt> Java ModificationTest
Point pl= (1, 2) .
Point p2= (1, 2 ) .
Point pl= (5, 10).
Point p2= (5, 10).
no
" "
" ", , ^ ,
Java. ,
t r i p l e
2 , .
, munge
, , .
, .

-, 4
, ^^
.
, , , , Java
, .
8.7.
283
instanceof
i n s t a n c e o f t r u e ,
, , .
,
, , ,
, , . :
if (item instanceof Breakable) {
add(item, chinaCabinet);
}
instanceof :
,
. ,
Java 1.1
. islnstance Java. lang.Class
. islnstance
8.14, 8.15.
8.14.Instanceof.Java
interface Barking {}
class Mammal {}
class Canine extends Mammal {}
class Dog extends Canine implements Barking {}
class Retriever extends Dog { }
public class Instanceof {
Canine wolf = new Canine();
Retriever rover = new Retriever();
System.out.println("Testing instanceof:");
report(wolf, "wolf");
System.out.println() ;
report(rover, "rover");
System.out.println("\nTesting islnstance:");
Class barkingClass = Barking.class;
Class dogClass = Dog.class;
Class retrieverClass = Retriever.class;
System.out.println(" Does a retriever bark? " +
barkingClass.islnstance(rover));
System.out.println(" Is a retriever a dog? " +
dogClass.islnstance(rover));
System.out.println(" Is a dog necessarily a retriever? " +
retrieverClass.islnstance(new Dog ()));
284
8. Java
public static void report(Object object, String name) {

System.out.println(" " + name + " is a mammal: " +
(object instanceof Mammal));
System.out.println(" " + name + " is a canine: " +
(object instanceof Canine));
System.out.println(" " + name + " is a dog: " +
(object instanceof Dog));
System.out.println(" " + name + " is a retriever: " (object instanceof Retriever));
8.15. instanceOf
prompt> Java InstanceOf
Testing instanceof:
wolf is a mammal: true
wolf is a canine: true
wolf is a dog: false
wolf is a retriever: false
rover
rover
rover
rover
is
is
is
is
a
a
a
a
mammal: true
canine: true
dog: true
retriever: true
Testing islnstance:
Does a retriever bark? true
Is a retriever a dog? true
Is a dog necessarily a retriever? false
8.8.
Java j a v a . l a n g .
S t r i n g . )^ ,
,
, :
String si = "This is a String";

.
S t r i n g s2 = new S t r i n g ( " T h i s
is a String
too");
S t r i n g , ,
. S t r i n g
, " ". ^, , S t r i n g C h a r a c t e r A t , -
8.8.
285
. ,
"+":
String t e s t = "foo" + "bar";
//
"foobar"
S t r i n g .
"foo", " b a r " ,
" f o o b a r " . ,
:
S t r i n g foo = " f o o " ;
String bar = "bar";
S t r i n g t e s t = foo + b a r ;
f o o , b a r .
:
, , .
, ,
.
, Java S t r i n g B u f f ,
.
, + Java.
- ,
.
. S t r i n g ,
f i n a l , S t r i n g .
String
, Java-,
, . .
public char charAt(int i n d e x )
, .
public int c o m p a r e T o ( S t r i n g c o m p a r i s o n )
public int c o m p a r e T o ( O b j e c t object)
c o m p a r e T o .
Unicode.
( ),
0. ,
, .
. )^ Unicode , ,
, .
C o m p a r a b l e , Java 1.2
c o m p a r e T o , Ob j e c t .
, c o m p a r e T o ( S t r i n g c o m p a r i s o n ) ,
, C l a s s C a s t E x c e p t i o n .
286
8 . Java
public String concat(String suffix)

c o n c a t ,
S t r i n g . .
String result = someString.concat(someOtherString);
S t r i n g r e s u l t = someString + someOtherString;.
s o m e S t r i n g ,
s o m e O t h e r S t r i n g ; S t r i n g .
public static String copyValueOf(char[ ] characters)

public static String copyValueOf(char[ ] data, int s t a r t l n d e x , int count)
.
public b o o l e a n endsWith(String suffix)
, .
public b o o l e a n equals(Object c o m p a r i s o n )
c o m p a r i s o n , e q u a l s
f a l s e . .
, e q u a l s ,
==. , 8.17,
== ,
e q u a l s . , ,
, ==
, - .
!
string,
,
== .
equals. , ==
, .
public b o o l e a n equalsIgnoreCase(String c o m p a r i s o n )

.
public byte[ ] getBytesO
public byte[ ] getBytes(String e n c o d i n g )
)^ .
public void getChars(int sourceStart, int s o u r c e E n d , char[ ] d e s t i n a t i o n ,
int destinationStart)
s o u r c e S t a r t
( ) , s o u r c e E n d .
8.8.
287
public int indexOf(int character)

public int indexOf(int character, int startlndex)
public int indexOf(String substring)
public int indexOf(String substring, int startlndex)

.
public native String intern()
i n t e r n S t r i n g ,
, .
e q u a l s ,
== .
public int lastIndexOf(int character)
public int lastIndexOf(int character, int startlndex)
public int lastIndexOf(String substring)
public int lastIndexOf(String substring, int startlndex)

.
public int length()
. , ,
. l e n g t h ()
i n t len = someString. l e n g t h ; / /
lengthO
a :
i n t len = someArray.length; / /
public boolean regionMatches(int startlndexl,
String string2, int startlndex2, int count)
public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int startlndexl,
String string2, int startlndex2, int count)
.
, .
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
r e p l a c e S t r i n g ,
oldChar newChar.
.
288
8. Java
public b o o l e a n startsWith(String prefix)

public b o o l e a n startsWith(String prefix, int s t a r t l n d e x )
, .
public String substring(int s t a r t l n d e x , int e n d l n d e x )
public String substring(int startlndex)
,
. , ,
.
public char[ ] toCharArray()
.
public String toLowerCase()
public String toLowerCase(Locale locale)
public String t o U p p e r C a s e O
public String t o U p p e r C a s e ( L o c a l e locale)
, ,
, .
public String trim()
t r i m ,
, . S t r i n g .
public static String valueOf(boolean b)
public static String valueOf(char c)
public static String valueOf(char[ ] data)
public static String valueOf(char[ ] data, int s t a r t l n d e x , int count)
public static String v a l u e O f ( d o u b l e d)
public static String valueOf(float f)
public static String valueOf(int i)
public static String valueOf(long 1)

S t r i n g .
public static String valueOf(Object o)
t o S t r i n g
.
8.16 ,
S t r i n g . 8.17.
8.8.
8.16.StringTest.Java
public class StringTest {
public static void main (String[] args)
String str = "";
if (args.length > 0) {
str = args[0];
}
if (str.length()>8)
System.out.println "String is \"" + str + " \ " \ n " ) ;
" +
System.out.println " charAtO)
str.charAt(3));
System.out.println " compareTo(Moscow)
" +
str.compareTo("Moscow"));
System.out.println " concat(SuFFiX)
" +
str.concat("SuFFiX"));
System.out.println " endsWith(hic)
" +
str.endsWith("hic"));
System.out.println " == Geographic
" +
(str == "Geographic"));
System.out.println " equals(geographic)
" +
str.equals("geographic"));
System.out.println " equalsIgnoreCase(geographic) " +
str.equalsIgnoreCase("geographic"));
System.out.println " indexOf('o')
str.indexOf('o'));
System.out.println " indexOf ('14 5)
Str.indexOf ( 'i\5) ) ;
System.out.println " indexOf ('o\5)
Str.indexOf('o',5));
System.out.println " indexOf(rap)
+
str.indexOf("rap"));
System.out.println " indexOf(rap, 5)
+
Str.indexOf("rap", 5));
System.out.println " lastlndexOf('o')
+
str.lastlndexOf('o*));
System.out.println " lastlndexOf ('14 5)
+
Str.lastlndexOf('i',5));
System.out.println " lastlndexOf('o',5)
4Str.lastlndexOf('o',5));
System.out.println
lastlndexOf(rap)
+
str.lastlndexOf("rap"));
System.out.println
lastlndexOf(rap, 5)
+
Str.lastlndexOf("rap", 5));
System.out.println " length 0
+
str.length());
System.out.println " replace('c','k')
+
str.replace(' *, ''));
System.out.println " startsWith(eog,1)
+
str.startsWith("eog",1));
System.out.println " startsWith(eog)
+
str.startsWith("eog"));
System.out.println " substring(3)
+
str.substring(3));
System.out.println " substring(3,8)
+
289
290
8. Java
str.substring(3,8)) ;
System.out.println(" toLowerCase ()
" +
str.toLowerCase());
System.out.println(" toUpperCase()
" +
str.toUpperCase ());
System.out.println { " trim()
" +
str.trim());
System.out.println("\nString is still \"" + str + "\"\n")
8.17. StringTest
Prompt> Java StringTest Geographic
String is "Geographic"
charAt(3)
g
compareTo (Moscow)
-6
concat(SuFFiX)
GeographicSuFFiX
endsWith (hie)
true
== Geographic
false
equals(geographic)
false
equalsIgnoreCase(geographic) true
indexOf('o')
2
indexOf Ci',5)
8
indexOf Co',5)
-1
indexOf(rap)
4
indexOf(rap, 5)
-1
lastlndexOf Co')
2
lastlndexOf Ci',5)
-1
lastlndexOf Co',5)
2
lastlndexOf(rap)
4
lastlndexOf (rap, 5)
4
lengthO
10
replace c','k')
Geographik
startsWith(eog, 1)
true
startsWith (eog)
false
substring (3)
graphic
substring(3,8)
graph
toLowerCase()
geographic
toUpperCase0
GEOGRAPHIC
trimO
Geographic
String is still "Geographic'
8.9.
291
public StringO
( n u l l ) .
public String(byte[ ] bytes)
public String(byte[ ] bytes, String encoding)
public String(byte[ ] bytes, int startlndex, int count)
public String(byte[ ] bytes, int startlndex, int count. String encoding)
S t r i n g .
public String(char[ ] chars)
public String(char[ ] chars, int startlndex, int count)
.
public String(String string)
S t r i n g .
; , e q u a l s . ==
n u l l .
public String(StringBuffer stringBuffer)
S t r i n g B u f f e r S t r i n g .
8.9.
,
.

.
. ,
.
l e n g t h .
Object
.
, .
,
10 , 9. ,
: ,
.
,
.
n u l l . , ,
.
292
8 . Java
.
: ,
. ,
.

.
i n t [ ] v a l u e s = new i n t [ 2 ] ;
/ /
P o i n t [ ] p o i n t s = new P o i n t [ 5 ] ;
/ /
i n t numNames = askHowManyNames(); / /
/ /
S t r i n g [ ] names = new S t r i n g [ n u m N a m e s ] ;
Ha , ,
. . :
values[0] =
values[1] =
f o r ( i n t i=0;
points[i]
10;
100;
i < p o i n t s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
= new P o i n t ( i * 2 , i * 4 ) ;
f o r ( i n t j=0; j<names.length;
n a m e s [ j ] = "Name " + j ;
j++) {
.
N u l l P o i n t e r E x c e p t i o n .
!
SomeObject;
SomeObject .
SomeObject [] objArray
= new SomeObject [n] ;
;
.
,

someVar[] =
...
[]
someVar =
...
, J H P
Qava Hipness Factor) 2,5 .
8.9.
293

.
, . :
i n t [ ] v a l u e s = { 10, 100 };
P o i n t [ ] p o i n t s = { new P o i n t ( 0 ,
new P o i n t ( 2 ,
new P o i n t ( 4 ,
...
0),
4),
8),
};
Java ,
, . 8.18
.
8.19.
8 . 1 8 . G o l f . J a v a
/- .
*/
public class Golf {

int[] pars
= { 4,5,3,4^5,4,4,3,4 };
int [ ] scores = { 5,6,3,4,5,3,2,4,3 };
report(pars, scores);
}
/ . */
public static void report(int[] pars, int[] scores) {
for(int i=0; i<scores.length; i++) {
int hole = i+1;
int difference = scores[i] - pars[i];
System.out.println("Hole " + hole + ": " +
diffToString(difference));
}
}
/** . */
public static String diffToString(int diff) {
String[] names = {"Eagle", "Birdie", "Par", "Bogey",
"Double Bogey", "Triple Bogey", "Bad"};
// diff = -2, names[0], "Eagle".
int offset = 2;
return(names[offset + diff]);
}
294
8 . Java
8 . 1 9 . G o l f
Proinpt>
Hole 1:
Hole 2:
Hole 3:
Hole 4:
Hole 5:
Hole 6:
Hole 7:
Hole 8:
Hole 9:
Java Golf
Bogey
BogeyPar
Par
Par
Birdie
Eagle
Bogey
Birdie

Java "
", Java C++.
, 12x14 ,
.
i n t [ ] [ ] v a l u e s = new i n t [ 1 2 ] [ 1 4 ] ;
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < 1 2 ; i++) {
f o r ( i n t j = 0 ; j < 1 4 ; j++) {
values[i][j] = someFunctionOf(i, j ) ;
}
}

:
i n t someVal = v a l u e s [ i ] [ j ] ;
v a l u e s [ i ] [ j ] = someint;
//
i<12,
j<14
He , .
i n t [ ] someArray = v a l u e s [ i ] ;
v a l u e s [ i ] = someOtherArray;
//
0<=i<=ll
.
.
"" , .
.
S t r i n g [ ] [ ] names = new S t r i n g [ 3 ] [ ] ;
S t r i n g [ ] nameO = { " J o h n " , " Q . " , " P u b l i c "
S t r i n g [ ] namel = { " J a n e " , "Doe" };
S t r i n g [ ] name2 = { " P e l e " };
n a m e s [ 0 ] = nameO; / / 3
names[1] = namel; / / 2
n a m e s [ 2 ] = name2; / / 1
};
8.10.
295
"" .
String[][] altNames = { { "John", "Q.", "Public" },
{ " J a n e " , "Doe" },
{ "Pele" }
};
8.10.
Java,
: .
, Java "" ,
, j a v a . u t i l . V e c t o r . V e c t o r
, .
, . V e c t o r
,
,
V e c t o r , .
V e c t o r ;
. ,
O b j e c t .
p u b l i c Vector()
p u b l i c Vector(int initialCapacity)
p u b l i c Vector(int initialCapacity, int c a p a c i t y l n c r e m e n t )
V e c t o r .
( , ) ,
10 , Java
.
p u b l i c void a d d E l e m e n t ( O b j e c t object)
p u b l i c v o i d i n s e r t E l e m e n t A t ( O b j e c t object, int i n d e x )
p u b l i c v o i d s e t E l e m e n t A t ( O b j e c t object, int i n d e x )
V e c t o r .
a d d E l e m e n t ,
. i n s e r t E l e m e n t A t
, , ,
. s e t E l e m e n t A t .
p u b l i c int capacityO
c a p a c i t y ,
V e c t o r .
.
296
8. Java
public boolean contains(Object object)

c o n t a i n s , V e c t o r ,
( e q u a l s ) .
public void copyInto(Object[ ] newArray)

.
public Object elementAt(int index)
element At .
public Enumeration elements()
Java . u t i l . Enumeration ,
. e l e m e n t s
Enumeration, Vector.
public void ensureCapacity(int minimum)
,
Vector, ,
, , .
public Object firstElement()
public Object lastElementO

Vector.
public int indexOf(Object object)
public int indexOf(Object object, int startlndex)
public int lastlndexOf(Object object)
public int lastlndexOf (Object object, int startlndex)

, (
e q u a l s ) .
public boolean isEmpty()
V e c t o r , i s Empty
f a l s e ; t r u e .
public boolean removeElement(Object object)
public void removeElementAt(int index)
public void removeAllElements()

Vector.
8 . 1 1 .
297
p u b l i c void setSize(int n e w S i z e )
s e t S i z e V e c t o r .
e n s u r e C a p a c i t y , V e c t o r
, , .
p u b l i c int size()
s i z e V e c t o r (
).
p u b l i c void trimToSize()
,
V e c t o r , ,
, .
, , ,
, V e c t o r .
V e c t o r ,
,
. ,
Java 2 A r r a y L i s t L i n k e d L i s t ,
V e c t o r .
JDK 1.2
, .
16.
8 . 1 1 .
, V e c t o r
. d e p t h F i r s t S e a r c h ,
(
).
;
. d e p t h F i r s t S e a r c h

N o d e O p e r a t o r ( 8.21) ,
. ,
, Node ( 8.22).
b r e a d t h F i r s t S e a r c h , V e c t o r
" " (
, , ).
Java 2
.
h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . e o m / j 2 s e / l . 3 / d o c s / g u i d e / c o l l e c t i o n s / . Java
Collections Framework API
). , API -, -
298
8. Java
, .
, Vector Hashtable,
, ,
.
, ,
.
8.20. Node. Java
import Java.util.Vector;
/ , .
* ()
* .
public class Node {

private Object nodeValue;
private Node leftChild, rightChild;
/** Node
* .
public Node(Object nodeValue, Node leftChild,
Node rightChild) {
this.nodeValue = nodeValue;
this.leftChild = leftChild;
this.rightChild = rightChild;
}
/** Node
* .
* null.
* null,
* Leaf.
V
public Node(Object nodeValue, Node leftChild) {
this(nodeValue, leftChild, null);
}
/** . */
public Object getNodeValue() {
return(nodeValue) ;
}
/ . */
public void setNodeValue(Object nodeValue) {
this.nodeValue = nodeValue;
}
/** . */
public Node getLeftChild() {
8.11.
return(leftChild);
/* . */
public void setLeftChild(Node leftChild) {
this.leftChild = leftChild;
}
Z*'^ . */
public Node getRightChild() {
return(rightChild);
}
/ . */
public void setRightChild(Node rightChild) {
this.rightChild = rightChild;
}
/** " "
* .
V
public void depthFirstSearch(NodeOperator op) {
op.operateOn(this);
if (leftChild != null) {
leftChild.depthFirstSearch(op);
}
if (rightChild != null) {
rightChild.depthFirstSearch(op);
}
}
/** " "
* .
V
public void breadthFirstSearch(NodeOperator op) {
Vector nodeQueue = new Vector();
nodeQueue.addElement(this);
Node node;
while('nodeQueue.isEmpty0) {
node = (Node)nodeQueue.elementAt(0);
nodeQueue.removeElementAt(0);
op.operateOn(node);
if (node.getLeftChildO != null) {
nodeQueue.addElement(node.getLeftChild());
}
if (node.getRightChild0 != null) {
nodeQueue.addElement(node.getRightChild());
}
}
}
299
300
8. Java
8.21. NodeOperator.Java
/ , Node ,
* , operateOn.
V
public interface NodeOperator {
void operateOn(Node node);
8.22. Leaf.Java
/** : . */
public class Leaf extends Node {
public Leaf(Object value) {
super(value, null, null);
}
, )^) , . . 8.1
, 8.23 ,
N o d e O p e r a t o r Node Leaf.
, .
8.24.
Java
hackers
hack
Java
. 8.1. "Java hackers hack Java"
8.23.TreeTest.Java
/** NodeOperator, . */
class PrintOperator implements NodeOperator {
public void operateOn(Node node) {
System.out.println(node.getNodeValue());
}
}
,
8 . 1 1 .
*
*
"Java hackers hack Java"

- .
V
public class TreeTest {
Node adjective =
new Node(" Adjective", new Leaf("
Java"));
Node nounl =
new Node(" Noun", new Leaf("
hackers"));
Node verb =
new Node(" TransitiveVerb", new Leaf("
hack")),
Node noun2 =
new Node{" Noun", new Leaf("
Java"));
Node np = new Node(" NounPhrase", adjective, nounl),
Node vp = new Node(" VerbPhrase", verb, noun2);
Node sentence = new Node("Sentence", np, vp);
PrintOperator printOp = new PrintOperator();
System.out.println("Depth first traversal:");
sentence.depthFirstSearch(printOp);
System.out.println("\nBreadth first traversal:");
sentence.breadthFirstSearch(printOp);
8.24. TreeTest
Prompt> Java TreeTest
Depth first traversal:
Sentence
NounPhrase
Adjective
Java
Noun
hackers
VerbPhrase
TransitiveVerb
hack
Noun
Java
Breadth first traversal:
Sentence
NounPhrase
VerbPhrase
Adjective
Noun
TransitiveVerb
Noun
Java
hackers
hack
Java
301
302
8. Java
8.12.
Java .
,
( , ).
Java C++. -, Java
t r y / c a t c h f i n a l l y ; ,
, .
, , ,
, , ,
.
, .

, ,
:
try {
// 1
// 2
} catch(SomeException someVar) {
handleTheException(someVar);
}
, j a v a . n e t . URL J a v a ,
n e t . Malf o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n , a r e a d L i n e j a v a . i o . Buf f e r e d R e a d e r
J a v a . i o . l O E x c e p t i o n . , 8.25,
URL, r e a d L i n e ,
. 8.26,
Malf o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n URL.
, , .
17,
.
8.25. URLTest.java
import j a v a . n e t . * ;
import j a v a . i o . * ;
/ / URL M a l f o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n
/ / B u f f e r e d R e a d e r
/ * * /
p u b l i c c l a s s URLTest {
public s t a t i c void main(String[]
URLTest t e s t = new URLTest Ob
t e s t . getURL () ;
test.printURLO ;
}
p r i v a t e URL u r l = n u l l ;
args)
try/catch.
8.12.
/**
*
*
*
*
URL.
,
. ,
URL ,
.
public URL getURLO {

if (url 1= null) {
return(url);
}
System.out .print ("Enter URL: 'MrSystem, out.flush();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String urlString;
try {
urlString = in.readLine();
} catch(lOException ioe) {
System.out.println("lOError when reading input: " + ioe);
ioe.printStackTrace(); // .
return(null);
}
try {
url = new URL(urlString);
} catch(MalformedURLException mue) {
System.out.println(urlString + " is not valid.\n" +
"Try again.");
getURL();
}
return(url);
}
/** URL. */
public void printURLO {
if (url == null) {
System, out.println("No URL.");
} else {
String protocol = url.getProtocol();
String host = url.getHost ();
int port = url.getPort();
if (protocol.equals("http") && (port == -1)) {
port = 80;
}
String file = url.getFile();
System.out.println("Protocol: " + protocol +
"\nHost: " + host +
"\nPort: " + port +
"\nFile: " + file);
}
}
303
304
8 . Java
8 . 2 6 . URLTest
> Java URLTest
> Enter URL: http://java.sun.com/ConvertingToActiveX.htinl
Protocol: http
Host: java.sun.com
Port: 80
File: /ConvertingToActiveX.html
p r i n t S t a c k T r a c e getURL.
,
, .
.
;
, . ,
:
new ThrowableO . p r i n t S t a c k T r a c e () ;
catch
t r y c a t c h .
Java c a t c h ,
. , Java,
, c a t c h ,
.
, 8.27. ,
, getURL
t r y c a t c h . , c a t c h ,
! MalformedURLException,
lOException, MalformedURLException
lOException.

catch
.
8.27. getURL
p u b l i c URL getURL {
i f ( u r l != n u l l ) {
return(url);
}
System.out.print("Enter URL: " ) ;

System.out.flush() ;
8.12.
305
string urlString = null;

try {
urlString = in.readLine{);
"Try again.");
getURL();
} catch(lOException ice) {
System.out.println("lOError when reading input: " + ioe)
ice.printStackTrace(); // Show stack dump
return(null);
}
return(url);
finally
c a t c h f i n a l l y ,
, , .
, t r y c a t c h b r e a k ,
c o n t i n u e r e t u r n . 8.28 getURL,
f i n a l l y .
8.28. getURb f i n a l l y
p u b l i c URL getURL {
i f ( u r l != n u l l ) {
return(url);
}
System.out.print("Enter URL: " ) ;

System.out.flush();
String urlString = null;
try {
urlString = in.readLine();
"Try again.");
getURL();
System.out.println("lOError when reading input: " + ioe)
ioe.printStackTrace0; // return(null)
} finally {
return(url);
}
}
306
8. Java
throws

,
, . ,
.
:
p u b l i c SomeType s o m e M e t h o d ( . . . )
throws SomeException {
public SomeType someMethod(...)

throws ExceptionTypel, ExceptionType2 {
,
,
. , ,
,
.
t h r o w ,
. .
t h r o w new l O E x c e p t i o n ( " B l o c k e d by f i r e w a l l " ) ;
t h r o v ; new MalformedURLException (
"Invalid protocol: telephone");
, t h r o w ,
.
. 8.29 ,
,
(, , ..)
8.30.
!
I 8 . 2 9 . N e g a t i v e L e n g t h E x c e p t i o n . Java
import
java.io.*;
public class NegativeLengthException extends Exception {

/** NegativeLengthException */
try {
int lineLength = readLength();
for(int i=0; i<lineLength; i++) {
System.out.print("*") ;
}
} catch (NegativeLengthException nle) {
System.out.println("NegativeLengthException: " +
nle.getMessage());
}
8.12.
307
}
public NegativeLengthException() {
super("Negative dimensions not permitted.");
}
public NegativeLengthException(String message) {
super(message) ;
// readLength
// lOExceptions. ,
// NegativeLengthException
// .
private static int readLength() throws NegativeLengthException {
System.out.print("Enter length: ") ;
System.out.flush() ;
int len = 0;
try {
String line = in.readLine();
len = Integer.parseint (line);
if (len < 0) {
throw new NegativeLengthException0;
}
} catch (lOException ioe) {
System.out.println("Problem reading from keyboard");
}
return(len);
}
8.30. N e g a t i v e L e n g t h E x c e p t i o n
> Java NegativeLengthException
> Enter length: 4
> Java NegativeLengthException
> Enter length: -345
NegativeLengthException: Negative dimensions not permitted.

, .
. Java
: E r r o r R u n t i m e E x c e p t i o n .
,
,
308
8. Java
. E r r o r OutOfMemoryE r r o r C l a s s F o r m a t E r r o r . O u t O f M e m o r y E r r o r ,
new
. C l a s s F o r m a t E r r o r ,
( , FTP
, ).
R u n t i m e E x c e p t i o n , ,
A r i t h m e t i c E x c e p t i o n ( ) A r r a y l n d e x O u t O f B o u n d s E x c e p t i o n
( ). R u n t i m e E x c e p t i o n , I l l e g a l A r g u mentException.
8.13.
Java-.
, , Math, , ,
. ( 7),
Java, .

...
: Java-,
Web-.
Java Plug-In.
. Java-,
.
, ,
.

MediaTracken
J~y\:EJ^zJ
Java-:
. , , Web PARAM.
, .
13.
, ,
Java2D, 10.
.
9 . 1 .
Java-,
Web-. ,
HTTP-, , Web-, ,
.. .
. , Java-
, , Java- . ,
, Java- , Java-
.
S e c u r i t y M a n a g e r . 1.1
Java .
,
,
. ,
, SecurityManager. ,
Netscape Internet Explorer,
.
312
9.

,
, Web,
.

, ,
, .
,

,
.

e x e c R u n t i m e Java-
, , (native) , C++. ,
.

, ,
,
. , ;
HTTP-, .
9.2.
: Java-
HTML-, . Java- ,
HTML- Web-.

9.L ,
, i n i t p a i n t . i n i t
. ,
, p a i n t . p a i n t
,
,
. .
i n i t p a i n t , , ;
, .
i n i t p a i n t , (
), , , -
9.2. an
313
. , Java, ,
C++,
, .
,
i n i t . , ,
,
i n i t . ,
, ,
i n i t , .
9.1. Java-
import Java.applet.Applet;
import j a v a . a w t . * ;
p u b l i c c l a s s AppletTemplate extends Applet {
/ / .
public void i n i t ( ) {
/ / ,
. .
p u b l i c v o i d p a i n t ( G r a p h i c s g) {
/ / .
HTML'aa

Web-. APPLET, 9.2.
9.6, ,
CODE Java,
WIDTH HEIGHT.
, HTML-,
CODEBASE.
Web-,
.
Web- (, HTML-
A p p l e t T e m p l a t e . h t m l A p p l e t T e m p l a t e . c l a s s ) ,
Web- . , HTML-
.
( f i l e , c l a s s )
Web; .
, ,
, , Web
314
9 .
, , .
FTP
;
.
CLASS PATH,
, Java. ,
, ,
,
CLASS PATH . , Netscape Internet Explorer
,
CLASS PATH, , CLASS PATH
. ,
CLASS PATH ,
.
CLASSPATH
9 . 2 . HTML-
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 T r a n s i t i o n a l / / E N " >

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A Template for Loading Applets</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>A Template for Loading Applets</Hl>
<P>
<APPLET CODE="AppletTemplate.class" WIDTH=120 HEIGHT=60>
<B>Error! You must use a Java-enabled browser.</B>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9.3.
9.3 , ,
.
, .
Applet Image.
i n i t , ,
Image.
9.3.
315
, .
paint , 50
, . 9.4 HTML- ,
, Internet Explorer
5.0 ( Windows 2000) . 9.1.
9,3. JavaJump.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** , . */
public class JavaJump extends Applet {
private Image jumpingJava; //
public void init() {
//
setBackground(Color.white);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 18));
jumpingJava = getlmage(getDocumentBase(),
"images/Jumping-Java.gif");
add(new Label("Great Jumping Java!"));
System.out.println("Yow! I'm jiving with Java.");
public void paint(Graphics g) { //
g.drawlmage(jumpingJava, 0, 50, this);
9.4, JavaJiimp. html

<IDOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Jumping Java</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="BLACK" TEXT="WHITE">
<Hl>Jumping Java</Hl>
<P>
<APPLET CODE="JavaJump.class" WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=335>
<B>Sorry, this example requires Java.</B>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
316
9.
File
Vi0w
Favorites
^ ^ My Computer
. 9.1. ,
9.3 9.4

p a i n t . ,
, r e p a i n t , , ,
u p d a t e . , ,
p a i n t . r e p a i n t u p d a t e ,
, ,
.
. ,
; , ,
.
p a i n t . ,
G r a p h i c s (
, ). ,
p a i n t ,
. ,
r e p a i n t .
.

Netscape Internet Explorer .

, ,
9.3.
317
. . Netscape
<Shift>+Reload ( Reload <Shift>),
Internet Explorer <Control>+Reload.
,

. (
13.)
, s h o w s t a t u s . ,

S y s t e m , o u t . p r i n t l n . :
? .

Netscape Navigator ,
, .
, Java Console Window. Netscape C o m m u n i c a t o r
J a v a Console Tools, , ,
Communicator. . 9.2 , Java Console
J a v a Jump.
, "?".
Netscape Communications Corporation -- Java 1 1.5
Type 7'for options.
Symantec Java! ByteCode Compiler Version 210.065
Copyright (C) 1996-97 Symantec Corporation
Yow! I'm jiving with Java.
. 9.2. Netscape ,
,
Java Console
Internet Explorer 5
. Tools
Internet Options, Advanced, Java VM
J a v a console enabled. Internet
Explorer, View J a v a Console;
, ,
. , "?".
Internet Explorer 4 J a v a Console .
appletviewer
a p p l e t v i e w e r Windows UNIX,
, a p p l e t v i e w e r .
.
318
9.
9.4.
Applet ,
.
main.
. A p p l e t ,
.
public void init()
.
Netscape i n i t
. , .
Internet Explorer i n i t ,
, .
public void start()
s t a r t i n i t p a i n t .
s t a r t
. - ,
, ,
s t a r t . Netscape s t a r t s t o p
; Internet Explorer, a p p l e t v i e w e r
Hotjava .
public void paint(Graphics g)
p a i n t ,
. i n i t
s t a r t , , p a i n t , ,
.
, , ,
, .
, ,
r e p a i n t ; , ,
p a i n t .
public void stopO
s t o p , , ,
.
, s t a r t . Netscape
s t o p .
public void destroyO
d e s t r o y "" (.. ,
,
).
9 . 5 .
319
; d e s t r o y
. Internet Explorer d e s t r o y
, , , .
!
Navigator, Internet Explorer destroy
, ,
, t ,
. ,
.
9.5.
, ,
Applet, ; ,
. , A p p l e t
. , , .
, A p p l e t Panel, C o n t a i n e r
Component. 13.
public void add(Component )
public void add(Component , Object constraints)
public void add(String location, Component c)
public void add(PopupMenu menu)
.
12 13.
public boolean contains(int , int )
public boolean contains(Point p)
c o n t a i n s ,
, . t r u e ,
, .
public Image createlmage(int width, int height)
public Image createImage(ImageProducer producer)
c r e a t e Image
. g e t Image, c r e a t e Image
i n i t . ,
.
public String getAppletInfo()
, ,
.
320
9.
public AudioClip getAudioClip(URL audioFile)

public AudioClip getAudioClip(URL base, String audioFilename)
- MIDI-
AudioClip. AudioClip p l a y , loop s t o p .
JDK 1.1 . . JDK 1.2
. a i f f .wav, MIDI , MIDI 1 RMF.
public Color getBackground()
public void setBackground(Color bgColor)
,
. Color
:
Color someColor = new C o l o r ( r e d , green,
blue);
red, g r e e n b l u e 255
0.0 1.0. Color
C o l o r . getHSBColor (hue, s a t u r a t i o n ,
b r i g h t n e s s ) ,
0.0 1.0. ,
Color.black,
Color.blue.
Color.cyan.
Color.darkOray,
Color.gray. C o l o r . g r e e n , C o l o r . l i g h t G r a y , Color.magenta, Color.orange.
Color.pink. Color.red, Color.white Color.yellow.
SystemColor , .
,
. , , d r a w S t r i n g
p a i n t . s e t C o l o r (SystemColor .windowText). ,
, . 9.1.
9 . 1 .
(

Sys temCol or)
activeCaption
activeCaptionBorder
control
controlDkShadow
"" ,

controlHighlight
controlLtHighlight
controlShadow
"" ,

9.5.
321
. 9.1
controlText
desktop
inactiveCaption
inactiveCaptionBorder
inactiveCaptionText
info

()
infoText
()
menu
.
t e x t H i g h l i g h t
menuText
.

textHighlightText
scrollbar
text
textHighlight

"" .
""
,

textHighlightText
""
textlnactiveText
textText
window
windowBorder
windowText
S y s t e m C o l o r
.
Swing,
, U I M a n a g e r . ,
Motif, Windows, Mac Java (Metal).
Swing 14.
public U R L getCodeBaseO
public U R L g e t D o c u m e n t B a s e O
( g e t C o d e B a s e )
HTML-, ( g e t D o c u m e n t B a s e ) .
322
9.
p u b l i c C o m p o n e n t g e t C o m p o n e n t A t ( i n t , int )
g e t C o m p o n e n t A t " " ,
. , ,
. (, ) ,
, n u l l .
p u b l i c Cursor getCursor()
public void setCursor(Cursor cursor)
)^ .
public Font getFontO
public void s e t F o n t ( F o n t defaultFont)

.
, ,
, ,
d r a w S t r i n g G r a p h i c s .
F o n t , ,
, :
String family = "Serif";
int style = Font.BOLD;
int size = 18;
Font font = new Font(family, style, size);
setFont(font) ;
BJDK 1.1 S e r i f , S a n s S e r i f , M o n o s p a c e d , D i a l o g
D i a l o g l n p u t . F o n t .
PLAIN, F o n t . BOLD, F o n t . ITALIC F o n t . BOLD | F o n t . ITALIC.
. JDK 1.1 ,
. B J D K 1.2
, g e t A v a i l a b l e F o n t F a m i l y N a m e s g e t F o n t s G r a p h i c s E n v i r o n m e n t .
10.
public F o n t M e t r i c s g e t F o n t M e t r i c s ( F o n t f)
,
( s t r i n g W i d t h ) ( c h a r W i d t h ) ,
.
public Color g e t F o r e g r o u n d O
public Color s e t F o r e g r o u n d ( C o l o r fgColor)
,
.
g e t B a c k g r o u n d .
9.5.
323
p u b l i c Graphics getGraphics()
g e t G r a p h i c s () .
,
p a i n t . p a i n t
.
p u b l i c I m a g e g e t I m a g e ( U R L imageFile)
public I m a g e g e t I m a g e ( U R L base, String imtageFilename)
g e t Image ""
I m a g e . Java
,
(
p r e p a r e Image M e d i a T r a c k e r ) .
.
p u b l i c Locale getLocale()
p u b l i c v o i d setLocale(Locale locale)

.
p u b l i c String getParameter(String p a r a m e t e r N a m e )
g e t P a r a m e t e r ,
PARAM.
APPLET HTML-.
.
p u b l i c String[ ][ ] getParameterInfo()
, .
, , ,
, .
p u b l i c Container getParent()
g e t P a r e n t n u l l .
public D i m e n s i o n getSize()
g e t S i z e D i m e n s i o n ,
, . w i d t h h e i g h t .
, , ,
g e t S i z e () . w i d t h . A p p l e t s e t S i z e () ,
;
)' WIDTH HEIGHT APPLET
. a p p l e t v i e w e r .
324
9.
p u b l i c b o o l e a n isActive()
, .
s t a r t s t o p .
public void play(URL audioFile)
public void play(URL base, String a u d i o F i l e n a m e )
. JDK 1.2,
, . a i f f n .wav, MIDI ,
MIDI 1 RMF.
p u b l i c void repaint()
p u b l i c void repaint(long m i l l i s e c o n d D e l a y )
public void repaint(int x, int y, int width, int height)
public void repaint(long m s D e l a y , int x, int y, int width, int height)
r e p a i n t AWT u p d a t e
, . r e p a i n t
,
. ,
. u p d a t e p a i n t
G r a p h i c s .
p u b l i c void s h o w D o c u m e n t ( U R L h t m l D o c ) [ A p p l e t C o n t e x t ]
public void s h o w D o c u m e n t ( U R L h t m l D o c , String f r a m e N a m e ) [
AppletContext]
Web-.
A p p l e t , A p p l e t C o n t e x t ,
.
g e t A p p l e t C o n t e x t ( ) . s h o w Document { . . . ) a p p l e t v i e w e r showDocument.
p u b l i c v o i d showStatus(String m e s s a g e )
s h o w S t a t u s ,
.
p u b l i c void u p d a t e ( G r a p h i c s g)
AWT r e p a i n t .
r e p a i n t , p a i n t .
,
, ,
p a i n t , .
16.
9 . 6 . APPLET
325
a d d C o m p o n e n t L i s t e n e r , a d d F o c u s L i s t e n e r , addKeyListener,
andMouscListener, addMouseMotionListener
.
addXxAjListener r e m o v e X X X L i s t e n e r .
10.
9.6. APPLET
: <APPLET CODE="...' WIDTH=xxx HEIGHT=xxx ...> ...
</APPLET>
: CODE, WIDTH (), HEIGHT (), CODEBASE, ALT, ALIGN,
HSPACE, VSPACE, NAME, OBJECT, ARCHIVE (), MAYSCRIPT ()
APPLET Web-.
A p p l e t . , APPLET
CODE OBJECT, WIDTH HEIGHT.
CODE
OBJECT CODE .
CODE URL.
, HTML-, ,
CODEBASE. )^ Web;
Java- .

CODE URL. , HTML-,
CODEBASE.
WIDTH HEIGHT
WIDTH HEIGHT , .

. a p p l e t v i e w e r ,
. WIDTH
HEIGHT <APPLET>.
!
appletviewer
WIDTH
HEIGHT, .
326
9.
CODEBASE
URL , . CODE. CODEBASE , ,
, HTML-.
ALT
, Java, ,
<APPLET . . . > </APPLET>,
. ALT .
ALIGN
, .
(LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM, MIDDLE)
ALIGN IMG .
HSPACE
HSPACE ( )
.
VSPACE
VSPACE ( )
.
NAME
NAME .
, JavaScript.
. ,
Netscape ,
, . ,
, ,
.

NAME APPLET ,
.
OBJECT
OBJECT , 3a4HHjava.
ARCHIVE
ARCHIVE ,
. Java
ARchive ( . j a r ) . Netscape 3.01 ZIP- ( . z i p ) .
9.7.
327
JAR- ,
. , J a v a M a n l , c l a s s
J a v a M a n . g i f , J a v a M a n .
j JAR- APPLET :
<APPLET CODE="JavaManl.class"
ARCHIVE="JavaMan.jar"
WIDTH=375 HEIGHT=370>
<B>Sorry, you have a Java-challenged browser. </B>
</APPLET>
JAR- . 7.10.
MAYSCRIPT
Netscape Internet Explorer , ,
JavaScript-ceap.
9.7.
: <PARAM NAME="..." VALUE="..."> (
)
: NAME (), VALUE ()
, m a i n
S t r i n g [ ] . , .
<PARAM>,
<APPLET . . .> </APPLET>.
<PARAM> ) :
<PARAM NAME="Parameter Name" VALUE="Parameter Value">
g e t P a r a m e t e r .
.
S t r i n g , , n u l l .
HTML-
, g e t P a r a m e t e r
. ==,
, .
e q u a l s ( )
e q u a l s I g n o r e C a s e ( ) S t r i n g .
g e t P a r a m e t e r S t r i n g ,
p a r s e I n t
I n t e g e r . I n t e g e r ,
p a r s e I n t , b y t e ,
s h o r t , l o n g , f l o a t double.
, , WIDTH
HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT <APPLET>,
.
328
9 .
!
WIDTH HEIGHT
,
.

9.5 HelloWWW,
6. HTML- ,
<PARAM>:
<PARAM NAME="BACKGROUND" VALUE="LIGHT">
<PARAiyi NAME="BACKGROUND" VALUE="DARK">

,
b a c k g r o u n d T y p e n u l l . ,
<PARAM> , NAME
"BACKGROUND" ( ).
. , g e t P a r a m e t e r
n u l l , b a c k g r o u n d T y p e . e q u a l s ( . . . ) ,
n u l l e q u a l s , .
, :
if
("LIGHT".equals(backgroundType))
if
(backgroundType.equals("LIGHT"))
HO
null.

,
, ,
9.6 HTML-,
.
Netscape 4.08, Windows 98, . 9.3.
9 . 5 . HelloWWW2.java
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
p u b l i c c l a s s HelloWWW2 e x t e n d s A p p l e t {
public void i n i t O {
s e t F o n t ( n e w F o n t ( " S a n s S e r i f " , Font.BOLD,
30));
9.7.
Color background = Color.gray;

Color foreground = Color.darkGray;
String backgroundType = getParameter("BACKGROUND");
if (backgroundType != null) {
if (backgroundType.equalsIgnoreCase("LIGHT")) {
background = Color, whiterforeground = Color.black;
} else if (backgroundType.equalsIgnoreCase("DARK")) {
background = Color.black;
foreground = Color.white;
}
}
setBackground(background);
setForeground(foreground);
g.drawString("Hello, World Wide Web.", 5, 35)
}
}
9.6. HelloWWW2 . html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Customizable HelloWWW Applet</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Customizable HelloWWW Applet</Hl>
<P>
<APPLET C0DE="HelloWWW2.class" WIDTH=400 HEIGHT=40>
<PARAM NAME="BACKGROUND" VALUE="LIGHT">
</APPLET>
<P>
<PARAM NAME="BACKGROUND" VALUE="DARK">
</APPLET>
<P>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
329
330
9.
HHkrWWWAnêt
Netscm
S^
^' / 'J r^* ^ 3 rf 3 il
Customizable Hello WWW Applet

Hello, World Wide Web.
Hello. World Wide Web.
^^
:^ "^
. 9.3. PARAM HTML
9-8. HTML- OBJECT

: <OBJECT CLASSID="..." ... > ... </OBJECT>
: CLASSID, CODETYPE, CODEBASE, STANDBY, WIDTH, HEIGHT, NAME, ALIGN,
HSPACE,VSPACE
, HTML 4.0,
APPLET . ,
OBJECT.
OBJECT (, ActiveX, Applet,
QuickTime), HTML-
<APPLET>. <APPLET>
(Transitional)
DOCTYPE. OBJECT .
HTML 4.0 OBJECT 32 ,
, 6 ,
. ,
. OBJECT . 3.
CLASSID
URL . CLASSID
Java:Applet.class.
CODETYPE
CODETYPE , .
C O D E T Y P E = " a p p l i c a t i o n / J a v a " .
CODEBASE
URL , ().
9.8. HTML- OBJECT
331
STANDBY
STANDBY , .
WIDTH, HEIGHT, NAME, ALIGN, HSPACE VSPACE

,
APPLET. HTML 4.0, ALIGN, HSPACE VSPACE
.
OBJECT,
CODETYPE Java CLASS ID
. HTML- ,
OBJECT CODEBASE.
OBJECT 9.7.
9 . 7 . HelloWWWObject.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A HelloWWW Object</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>A HelloWWW Object</Hl>
<OBJECT
CODETYPE="application/java"
CLASSID="java:HelloWWW.class"
CODEBASE="applets"
<PARAM NAME="codebase" value="applets">
<PARAM NAME="code" value="HelloWWW.class">
</OBJECT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HTML- , Internet
Explorer a p p l e t v i e w e r CODEBASE.
OBJECT
CODEBASE. , a p p l e t v i e w e r ,
CODE. ,
OBJECT CODE,
CLASS ID, :
<PARAM NAME="code" v a l u e = " H e l l o W W W . c l a s s " >
332
9 .

Internet Explorer
appletviewer,
OBJECT
CODE
CODEBASE.
9.9. Java Plug-In

, }' Java Plug-In
(http://java.sun.com/
p r o d u c t s / p l u g i n / ) JRE (Java Runtime
Environment Java).
Java,
. )^ Java, .
Java Plug-In .
-, Java 2 Plug-In 5 . ,
Internet, Plug-In
, , 56,6 .
intranet Java Plug-In .
Plug-In,
, .

Java Plug-In ,
Internet.
Intranet, .
-, Java Plug-In Netscape Internet Explorer
. Internet Explorer <APPLET>
<OBJECT>; Netscape APPLET
EMBED. APPLET Sun
HTML-, h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o c i u c t s /
plugin/1.3/features.html.
Java Plug-In HTML-, . 9.4,
Java-, ,
. 1.3 Java Plug-In HTML Converter
.
"Standard (IE 8 Navigator) for Windows and Solaris only"

Windows Solaris.
"Extended (standard + all browsers/platforms)" ( +

/ ) .
9 . 9 . Java Plug-In
333
"Internet Explorer for Windows and Solaris only" Internet Explorer Windows
Solaris.
"Navigator for Windows only" Navigator Windows.
,
.
*izJiii
Fee Edit
C\CWP2\Java-Applets+Graphics-Code
*htrril, *htrn,* asp

indude Subfolders
lCvvF2\java-Applets<-Graphics-Code\Backup
I Standard (IE & Navigator) for Windows & Solaris Only
. 9.4. Java Plug-In HTML Converter, Version 1.3
HTML-,
, APPLET OBJECT EMBED,
. 9.8 APPLET
Java Plug-In HTML Converter.
- 9.9 ("Navigator for Windows
Only") 9.10 ("Internet Explorer for Windows 8c Solaris Only").
9 . 8 . <APPLET>
<APPLET CODE="HelloWWW.class" CODEBASE="applets"

< B > E r r o r ! You m u s t u s e a J a v a - e n a b l e d b r o w s e r . < / B >
</APPLET>
9 . 9 . "Navigator for Windows Only"

<EMBED type="application/x-java-applet;version=l.3"
CODE = "HelloWWW.class" CODEBASE = "applets"
WIDTH = 400 HEIGHT = 40
BACKGROUND = "LIGHT"
scriptable=false
pluginspage="http://Java.sun.com/products/plugin/1.3/
334
9.
plugin-install.html"
>
<NOEMBED>
< B > E r r o r ! You m u s t u s e a J a v a - e n a b l e d
</NOEMBED>
</EMBED>
browser.</B>
9 . 1 0 . "Internet Explorer for Windows &

Solans Only"
<OBJECT classid="clsid:8AD9C840-044E-llDl-B3E9-00805F499D93'
WIDTH = 400 HEIGHT = 40
Godebase="http://Java.sun.com/products/plugin/1.3/
jinstall-13-win32.cab#Version=l,3,0,0"
>
<PARAM NAME = CODE VALUE = "HelloWWW.class" >
<PARAM NAME = CODEBASE VALUE = "applets" >
<PARAM NAME="type"
VALUE="application/x-java-applet;version=l.3">
<PARAM NAME=="scriptable" VALUE="false">
<PARAM NAME = "BACKGROUND" VALUE ="LIGHT">
</OBJECT>
, HTML-
Java Plug-In. ,
-. intranet Java Plug-In
Sun,
. ^ intranet,
.
9.10.
Java-,
. Java- .
Java- J F r a m e ,
"" Swing-.
; ,
, AWT-. ,
Swing- (
Java Plug-In Swing ).
Java-
Java. ,
Java,
Swing-. -
Swing 14,
.
9 . 1 1 .
335
Java- J F r a m e
,
s e t S i z e , s e t V i s i b l e .
, ,
.
p u b l i c c l a s s MyFrame e x t e n d s JFrame {
JFrame framespublic s t a t i c void main(String[] args)
frame = new M y F r a m e ( " t i t l e " ) ;
frame.addWindowListener(new E x i t L i s t e n e r ( ) ) ;
frame.setSize(width, height);
frame.setVisible(true) ;
}
,
,
(
). E x i t L i s t e n e r ,
, ,
S y s t e m . e x i t ( 0 ) . :
public class ExitListener extends WindowAdapter {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) {
System.exit(0);
}
}
14 Java-.
W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s ,
.
9 . 1 1 .
p a i n t .
G r a p h i c s .
G r a p h i c s g e t G r a p h i c s .
g e t G r a p h i c s ,
G r a p h i c s ,
p a i n t !^ . ,
, p a i n t G r a p h i c s .
, Swing, G r a p h i c s
. ,
, p a i n t ,
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t . "" Swing-,
J A p p l e t J F r a m e . ,
Swing J A p p l e t J F r a m e "" ,
J P a n e l .
10 14.
336
9 .
, , ,
, P a n e l , C a n v a s Frame.
13. , "" Swing, J P a n e l ,
Java 2D.
Java ,
, . ,
, . (0,0)
; ,
. , Java
, , ,
. ,
. )
, . ,
,
, .
AWT Graphics ,
( ) ).
Java 2 Java 2D API G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
, (
.) ,
. Java 2D 10
h t t p : / / J a v a , s u n , c o m / p r o d u c t s / j a v a - m e d i a / 2 D / .

Graphics.
Java 2D Graphcs2D (
Java Plug-In).
G r a p h i c s .

p u b l i c void clearRect(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)
c l e a r Re c t .
public void copyArea(int left, int t o p , int width, int height, int deltaX, int deltaY)
,
l e f t , t o p , w i d t h , h e i g h t , l e f t + d e l t a X , t o p + d e l t a Y ,
width, height.
public Graphics create()
public Graphics create(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)
! .
, ,
9 . 1 1 .
337
,
.
public v o i d draw3DRect(int left, int t o p , int width, int h e i g h t , b o o l e a n raised)
1 .
r a i s e d t r u e ,
, , ""
. r a i s e d f a l s e ,
, , ""
. ,
, .
public void fill3DRect(int left, int t o p , int width, int h e i g h t , b o o l e a n raised)
3D.
p u b l i c v o i d drawArc(int left, int t o p , int width, int height, int startAngle,
int deltaAngle)
d r a w A r c ) .
, . ,
;
, (3 ).
Math, , .
p u b l i c v o i d fillArc(int left, int t o p , int w i d t h , int h e i g h t , int startAngle,
int deltaAngle)
(. d r a w A r c ) .
public v o i d d r a w l m a g e ( l m a g e i m a g e , int left, int t o p , I m a g e O b s e r v e r observer)
.
g e t Image A p p l e t T o o l k i t . ,
g e t Image , d r a w l m a g e
g e t Image, , , . )^
I m a g e O b s e r v e r ( t h i s ) . :)
.
public void d r a w l m a g e ( l m a g e i m a g e , int left, int t o p , int width, int h e i g h t ,
I m a g e O b s e r v e r observer)
,
( l e f t , t o p , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) .
public void d r a w l m a g e ( l m a g e i m a g e , int left, int t o p . Color b g C o l o r ,
I m a g e O b s e r v e r observer) public v o i d d r a w l m a g e ( l m a g e i m a g e , int left, int t o p ,
int width, int h e i g h t . Color bgColor, I m a g e O b s e r v e r observer)

.
.
338
9.
public void drawLine(int x l , int y l , int x 2 , int 2)

d r a w L i n e 1 .
public void drawOval(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)
.
. , d r a w O v a l ( 7 5 , 7 5 , 5 0 , 50)
50 (100, 100).
public void fillOval(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)
f i l l O v a l ,
.
public void drawPolygon(int[ ] xArray, int[ ] , int n u m P o i n t s )
public void d r a w P o l y g o n ( P o l y g o n p o l y g o n )
,
, P o l y g o n (,
). .
, .
public v o i d fillPolygon(int[ ] , int[ ] , int n u m P o i n t s )
public void f i l l P o l y g o n ( P o l y g o n polygon)
.
) ;
.
p u b l i c void drawRect(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)
1 ( 1
). . drawBDRect d r a w R o u n d R e c t .
public void fillRect(int left, int t o p , int w i d t h , int height)
, \ .
AWT
, .
. f i l l 3 D R e c t f i l l R o u n d R e c t .
public void d r a w R o u n d R e c t ( i n t left, int t o p , int width, int h e i g h t , int arcWidth,
int arcHeight)
.
a r c W i d t h a r c H e i g h t . ( ) /!
/ . - ,
.
public void drawString(String string, int left, int bottom)
,
. , -
9 . 1 1 .
339
, .
c h a r b y t e d r a w C h a r s d r a w B y t e s .

p u b l i c Color getColorO
C o l o r , .

g e t B a c k g r o u n d
setBackground.
public v o i d setColor(Color color)
.
G r a p h i c s ,
. s e t C o l o r
G r a p h i c s . p a i n t
g e t G r a p h i c s G r a p h i c s ,
. s e t F o r e g r o u n d ,
G r a p h i c s ,
s e t F o r e g r o u n d .
public Font getFontO
F o n t ,
.
g e t F o n t s e t F o n t . Component ( ,
A p p l e t ) , G r a p h i c s g e t F o n t M e t r i c s ,
F o n t .
F o n t M e t r i c s
( c h a r W i d t h ) ( s t r i n g W i d t h ) ,
.
public void s e t F o n t ( F o n t font)
d r a w S t r i n g .
, s e t F o n t ,
p a i n t g e t G r a p h i c s .
s e t F o n t .

p u b l i c void s e t X O R M o d e ( C o l o r color)

XOR:
XOR
. , XOR, -
340
9.
. XOR
, XOR
,
. XOR,
.
, .
C o l o r . b l a c k ,

XOR .
, s e t P a i n t M o d e .
public void setPaintMode()
XOR ,
. . .

public void clipRect(int left, int t o p , int width, int height)

.
public R e c t a n g l e g e t C l i p B o u n d s ( )
,
. n u l l .
public Shape getClipO
g e t C l i p S h a p e , .
p u b i c void setClip(Shape c l i p p i n g R e g i o n )
.
public v o i d translate(int deltaX, int deltaY)
t r a n s l a t e .
9.12.
, Java,
GIF JPEG, GIF GIF89A.
.
g e t Image A p p l e t
T o o l k i t . d r a w Image
G r a p h i c s .
. ,
g e t Image . Java
, .
9 . 1 2 .
341
,
; . ,
- ,
, p r e p a r e l m a g e M e d i a T r a c k e r .
( p r e p a r e l m a g e ) ,
.
,
(, ). d r a w Image ,
, - . d r a w l m a g e
, ,
. p a i n t ( p a i n t C o m p o n e n t "" Swing) , ,
, d r a w l m a g e p a i n t ,
. ,
, .
, ,
, .. M e d i a T r a c k e r .
^
URL
A p p l e t g e t Image,
: URL ,
. URL , ,
g e t C o d e B a s e ( ,
) g e t D o c u m e n t B a s e ( ,
Web-). , g e t Image ,
. , g e t Image
i n i t . ^ Image . , ,
.
p r i v a t e Image myImage = g e t l m a g e ( . . . ) ;
//
!
nepeiêtiy image
.
,
nt.
, '^^ d r a w l m a g e
G r a p h i c s . p a i n t (
G r a p h i c s ) ,
g e t G r a p h i c s .
drawlmage.
342
9.
drawlmage(image, left, top, window)
drawlmage(image,
left,
top, width,
height,
window)
.
)
. I m a g e O b s e r v e r ;
(). ,
p a i n t ,
d r a w l m a g e t h i s . 1 9.11 9.12
, i m a g e s ,
, . . 9.5.
9 . 1 1 . JavaManl. j a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
/ * * , ,
* URL.
V
p u b l i c c l a s s JavaManl e x t e n d s A p p l e t {
p r i v a t e Image javaMan;
javaMan = g e t I m a g e ( g e t C o d e B a s e ( ) , " i m a g e s / J a v a - M a n . g i f " )
}

g.drawlmage(j avaMan, 0, 0, thi s);
}
9.12. JavaManl. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>JavaManl</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>JavaManl</Hl>
<APPLET CODE="JavaManl.class" WIDTH=370 HEIGHT=365>
<B>Sorry, you have a Java-challenged browser.</B>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9 . 1 2 .
343
'11||1-|11'
' ^ -/ 3 :^1 ^ iSi rf
JavaManl
. 9.5. ,

;fflg''=^
^-^ :5! ^,:.:
getlmage(getCodeBase(), path)
getlmage(getDocumentBase(), path)
,
URL
URL
URL, ,
URL. (
8.) , S e c u r i t y Manager ,
, URL
. , ,
, , HTML-
. URL .
9.13 9.14 HTML. . 9.6. ,
URL t r y / c a t c h . , ,
j a v a . n e t , URL M a l f o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n . .
URL ,
, .
, ,
.
344
9.
9.13. JavaMcm2. Java

import Java, applet .Appletsimport java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
/** , ,
* URL. URL
* , .
V
public class JavaMan2 extends Applet {
private Image javaMan;
public void initO {
try {
URL imageFile = new URL("http://www.corewebprogramming.com" +
"/images/Java-Man.gif") ;
javaMan = getlmage(imageFile);
showStatus("Bogus image URL.");
System.out.println("Bogus URL");
}
}
g.drawlmage(javaMan, 0, 0, this);
}
9.14. JavaMan2.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>JavaMan2</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>JavaMan2</Hl>
<APPLET C0DE="JavaMan2.class" WIDTH=370 HEIGHT=365>
<B>Sorry, you have a Java-challenged browser.</B>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9 . 1 2 .
345
irft int^nei Exnfor^
A j j d t e s s j ^ 1/'/\^wwcofewebptogtarnrningcorn/JavaMan2htm|
J ^
^fi^So
JavaMan2
jd
|Âp0!etterted
^M}>D3ipuJ
. 9.6.
URL
,
,
,
URL, .
g e t Image T o o l k i t . URL ,
Web-.
, , g e t Image ,
URL URL .
, ,
. T o o l k i t
, g e t T o o l k i t T o o l k i t . g e t D e f a u l t T o o l k i t .
, 9.15 J P a n e l ,
. ,
; System, g e t P r o p e r t y ( " u s e r . d i r " ) .

. . 9.7.
W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s , WindowList e n e r , 14.

, ,
, .
346
9.
9.15. JavaManS.Java
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/** ,
* . .
class JavaMan3 extends JPanel {
private Image javaMan;
public JavaMan3 () {
String imageFile = System.getProperty("user.dir") +
"/images/Java-Man.gif";
javaMan = getToolkitO .getImage(imageFile);
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.drawlmage(javaMan, 0, 0, this);
}
JPanel panel = new JavaMan3();
WindowUtilities.setNativeLookAndFeel() ;
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(panel, 380, 390);
}
. 9.7.

getToolkitO .getlmage (arg)
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getlmage(arg)
9.13.
347
9.13.
,
,
d r a w I m a g e . ,
,
. ,
. p r e p a r e Image

. p r e p a r e Image;
d r a w l m a g e .
preparelmage(image,
window)
preparelmage(image, width, height, window)

, ,
, , p r e p a r e l m a g e
. 9.16
, ,
. ,
, .
- p r e l o a d , p r e p a r e l m a g e .
. 9.8 ,
. . 9.9
, p r e l o a d
. , ,
. 9.8,
, , p r e p a r e l m a g e ,
.
,
9.16;
.
r e g i s t e r l m a g e , P r e l o a d .
9 . 1 6 . P r e l o a d . J a v a
import
import
import
import
java.awt.^;
Java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
java.net.*;
/** ,
*
"^ ( g e t l m a g e , p r e p a r e l m a g e drawlmage)
* ( g e t l m a g e and d r a w l m a g e ) .
*
<>
*
*
348
*
*
*
9.
,

.
public class Preload extends JPanel implements ActionListener {

private JTextField timeField;
private long start = 0;
private boolean draw = falserprivate JButton buttonsprivate Image platenpublic Preload(String imageFile, boolean preload) {
setLayout(new BorderLayout() K*
button = new JButton("Display Image"/,
button.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24));
button.addActionListener(this);
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
buttonPanel.add(button);
timeField = new JTextField(25);
timeField.setEditable(false);
timeField.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24));
buttonPanel.add(timeField);
add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
registerlmage(imageFile, preload);
}
/"** ,
* , ,
* .
^/
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
draw = true;
start = System.currentTimeMillis0;
repaint();
}
// getImage ,
// , .
private void registerlmage(String imageFile, boolean preload) {
try {
plate = getToolkit().getlmage(new URL(imageFile));
if (preload) {
preparelmage(plate, this);
}
System.out.println("Bad URL: " + mue);
}
}
/** ,
* , , do nothing.
* .
9.13.
*/
if (draw) {
g.drawlmage(plate, 0, 0, this);
showTime();
}
}
// ,
private void showTime() {
timeField.setText("Elapsed Time: " + elapsedTime() +
" seconds.");
}
// .
private double elapsedTime() {
double delta = (double)(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
return(delta/1000.0);
}
JPanel preload;
if (args.length == 0) {
System.out.println("Must provide URL");
System.exit(0);
}
if (args.length == 2 && args[1].equals("-preload")) {
preload = new Preload(args[0], true);
} else {
preload = new Preload(args [0], false);
}
WindowUtilities.setNativeLookAndFeel();
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(preload, 1000, 750);
}
349
350
9.
. 9.8. ,
. get image
drawimage, ,

. 9.9. p r e
pare image;
9.14. ...
351
9.14. :

,
, .
, , ,
,
. ,
9.17 9.18. i n i t ,
p a i n t .
Internet Explorer 5, Windows 98, . 9.10.
, -1.
9.17.ImageBox.Java
import
import
Java.applet.Applet/
java.awt.*;
/** ,
* .
* !
V
p u b l i c c l a s s ImageBox e x t e n d s A p p l e t {
p r i v a t e i n t imageWidth, imageHeight;
p r i v a t e Image i m a g e ;
S t r i n g imageName = g e t P a r a m e t e r ( " I M A G E " ) ;
i f (imageName != n u l l ) {
image = g e t l m a g e ( g e t D o c u m e n t B a s e ( ) , imageName);
} else {
image = g e t l m a g e ( g e t D o c u m e n t B a s e ( ) , " e r r o r . g i f " ) ;
}
/ / ,
/ / - 1 .
imageWidth = i m a g e . g e t W i d t h ( t h i s ) ;
imageHeight = i m a g e . g e t H e i g h t ( t h i s ) ;
g . d r a w l m a g e ( i m a g e , 0, 0, t h i s ) ;
g . d r a w R e c t ( 0 , 0, i m a g e W i d t h , i m a g e H e i g h t ) ;
}
352
9.
9 . 1 8 . I m a g e B o x , h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>ImageBox</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>ImageBox</Hl>
<APPLET C O D E = " I m a g e B o x . c l a s s " WIDTH=235 HEIGHT=135>
<PARAM NAME="IMAGE" V A L U E = " i m a g e s / s u r f i n g . g i f " >
S o r r y , you n e e d a < B > r e a l < / B > b r o w s e r .
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
; fiie
gtU * Favorite
bxh
->
Ima geBox
1 .^-'
^
] Done
J^ MyCorapUa
. 9.10.
,

, M e d i a T r a c k e r .
,
a d d Image
( w a i t F o r l D w a i t F o r A l l ) .
M e d i a T r a c k e r , ,
, .
.
MediaTracker
public void a d d l m a g e ( l m a g e i m a g e , int id)
public void a d d l m a g ( l m a g e i m a g e , int id, int width, int height)

.
,
.
;
.
9.14. ...
353
public b o o l e a n checkAll()
public b o o l e a n c h e c k A l l ( b o o l e a n startLoading)
t r u e , ,
M e d i a T r a c k e r , .
f a l s e . s t a r t L o a d i n g
t r u e , ,
. C h e c k A l l
, w a i t F o r A l l ,
, .
public b o o l e a n c h e c k I D ( i n t id)
public b o o l e a n c h e c k I D ( i n t id, b o o l e a n startLoading)
c h e c k F o r A l l ,
.
p u b l i c Object[ ] getErrorsAnyO
p u b l i c Object[ ] getErrorsID(int id)
,
.
public b o o l e a n isErrorAnyO
public b o o l e a n isErrorID(int id)
t r u e ,
. f a l s e .
public void r e m o v e I m a g e ( I m a g e image)
public void r e m o v e I m a g e ( I m a g e i m a g e , int id)
public void r e m o v e I m a g e ( I m a g e i m a g e , int id, int width, int height)
.
public int statusAll()
public int statusID(int id, b o o l e a n startLoading)
,
.
M e d i a T r a c k e r : M e d i a T r a c
k e r . LOADING, MediaTracker.ABORTED, MediaTracker.ERRORED M e d i a T r a c
k e r . COMPLETE. , ,
. s t a r t L o a d i n g t r u e ,
, .
354
9.
public void waitForAllO

public boolean waitForAll(long milliseconds)
,
; ,
,
.
. I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n ,
.
public void waitForID(int id)
public boolean waitForID(int id, long milliseconds)
,
.
,
, .
I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n ,
.
9.19 9.20 ImageBox, ,
, .
. 9.11.
9.19.BetterImageBox.java
import Java, a p p l e t .Appletsimport j a v a . a w t . * ;
/** , ImageBox,
* MediaTracker.
* .
p u b l i c c l a s s BetterlmageBox extends Applet {
p r i v a t e i n t imageWidth, imageHeight;
p r i v a t e Image imagesp u b l i c void i n i t O {
S t r i n g imageName = getParameter("IMAGE");
i f (imageName != n u l l ) {
image = getlmage(getDocumentBase(), imageName);
} else {
image = getlmage(getDocumentBase(), " e r r o r . g i f " ) ;
}
MediaTracker t r a c k e r = new M e d i a T r a c k e r ( t h i s ) ;
tracker.addlmage(image, 0 ) ;
try {
tracker.waitForAll();
} catch(InterruptedException i e ) {}
9.14. ...
355
if (tracker.isErrorAny) {
System.out.println("Error while loading image");
)
// .
imageWidth = image.getWidth(this);
imageHeight = image.getHeight(this);
}
g . d r a w l m a g e ( i m a g e , 0, 0, t h i s ) ;
g . d r a w R e c t ( 0 , 0, i m a g e W i d t h , i m a g e H e i g h t ) ;
}
9 . 2 0 . B e t t e r I m a g e B o x . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>ImageBox</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>ImageBox</Hl>
<APPLET C O D E = " B e t t e r I m a g e B o x . c l a s s " WIDTH=235 HEIGHT=135>
<PARAM NAME="IMAGE" V A L U E = " i m a g e s / s u r f i n g . g i f " >
S o r r y , you n e e d a < B > r e a l < / B > b r o w s e r .
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1 1 ^
l^svoi lock U l " ^ 9 |
ImageBox
^
,JP3 Pone
^ My
. 9.11. MediaTracker,

M e d i a T r a c k e r
,
. 9.21 T r a c k e r U t i l
: w a i t F o r l m a g e w a i t F o r I m a g e s . w a i t F o r l m a g e
:
356
9.
someImage = getImage(...);
doSomeOtherStuff();
if (TrackerUtil.waitForlmage(somelmage, this))
// somelmage ,
else
// somelmage.
, , wait For Images,
imagel = getlmage(...);
image2 = getlmage(...);
imageN = getlmage(...);
doSomeOtherStuff() ;
Image[] images = { imagel, image2, ... , imageN };
if (TrackerUtil.waitForlmages(images, this))
// ,
else
/ / .
,
M e d i a T r a c k e r , i m a g e U p d a t e
. API.
9 . 2 1 . T r a c k e r U t i l , J a v a
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
java.awt.*;
,
.

, waitForlmage.
, ,
waitForImages;
.
public class TrackerUtil {

public static boolean waitForlmage(Image image. Component c) {
MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(c);
try {
} catch(InterruptedException ie) {}
if (tracker.isErrorAny0) {
return(false) ;
} else {
return(true);
}
}
public static boolean waitForlmages(Image[] images.
Component c) {
for(int i=0; i<images.length; i++) {
tracker.addlmage(images[i], 0 ) ;
9.15.
357
try {
if (tracker.isErrorAny0) {
return(false);
} else {
return(true);
}
9.15.
, Web.
, .
j a v a . a p p l e t .Applet Web-
APPLET.
Swing, . ,
Swing, Java Plug-In Swing
. , Internet.
Java-, Web,
JFrame.
p a i n t . p a i n t Component
"" Swing; JFrame J P a n e l .
G r a p h i c s ,
. ,
,
Java 2D API, .

drawlmage, GIF JPEG,
g e t Image Applet T o o l k i t .
.
MediaTracker.
, .
JAVA 2D:
JAVA 2
...
20-.
.
.
J~y\ZJSJ^
, - ,
Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT),
, , G r a p h i c s .
, Sun AWT
Java World Wide Web. AWT
,
,
.
Java 2D , Java 2.
Swing-. Java 2D API

. Java 2D.
.
.
.
.
. ,
, .
.
, .
, .
, Java 2D API
Java Foundation Classes, Java 2. Swing, JDK 1.1, Java 2D
. 2D Java 2,
, Java 2 Java Plug-In,
360
10. Java 2D: Java 2
9. Java 2D API
h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / j a v a media/2D/. JDK 1.3 2D,
r o o t / j d k l . 3/demo/jf/Java2D/. Java 2D
; 15.
1 0 . 1 . Java 2D
Java 2 paintComponent Graphics2D,
, AWT G r a p h i c s .
Swing paintComponent
G r a p h i c s (Graphics2D Graphics). ,
, G r a p h i c s
Graphics2D. Java 2 , G r a p h i c s
( p a i n t , paintComponent, g e t G r a p h i c s ) , Graphics2D.
Java 1.1
10.1. AWT- Component p a i n t .
G r a p h i c s ,
. 10.2 Java 2D.
Swing- paintCompo
n e n t . Graphics2D p a i n t AWT,
G r a p h i c s 2D Java Foundations Classes,
Swing,
J P a n e l . 2D-pHCOBaHHe p a i n t
JFrame, J A p p l e t JWindow, ""
Swing- paintComponent.
10.1. Java 1.1
// .
g.setColor(someColor);
g.setFont(someLimitedFont);
// .
g.drawstring(. . . ) ;
g.drawLine(...
g.drawRect(...
//
g.fillRect(...
//
g.drawPolygon( . . ) ;
//
g.fillPolygon( . . ) ;
//
g.drawOval(...
//
g.fillOvaK. . . ]
//
1 0 . 1 . Java 2 D
361
10.2. Java 2
// .
// Graphics 6raphics2D.
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;
// .
g2d.setPaint(fillColorOrPattern);
g2d.setStroke(penThicknessOrPattern) ;
g2d.setComposite(someAlphaComposite);
g2d.setFont(anyFont);
g2d.translate(...);
g2d.rotate(...);
g2d.scale(...);
g2d.shear(...);
g2d.setTransform(someAffineTransform);
// .
SomeShape s = new SomeShape(...);
// .
g2d.draw(s); //
g2d.fill(s); //
Java 2D .
Graphics Graphics2D
paintComponent
paintComponent , Swing
p a i n t ComponentUI;
. , paintComponent
, Swing .
, Java 2- G r a p h i c s
Graphics2 D.
super.paintComponent(g) ;
Graphics2D g2d = (6raphics2D)g;
g2d.doSomeStuff(...);
}

> Swing-,

super.paintComponent.
( )
Shape, Graphics 2D.
(Graphics2D)
Shape.
362
10. Java 2D: Java 2
g2d.setPaint(fillColorOrPattern) ;
g2d.setStroke(penThicknessOrPattern);
g2d.setComposite(someAlphaComposite);
g2d.setFont(someFont);
g2d.translate(...);
g2d.rotate(...);
g2d.scale(...);
g2d.shear(...);
g2d.setTransform(someAffineTransform);
Shape
Rectangle2D.Double rect = ...;
Ellipse2D.Double ellipse = ...;
Polygon poly = ...;
GeneralPath path = ...;
// Shape.
SomeShapeYouDefined shape = ...;
Shape
Shape draw fill Graph ics2D.
, Graphics2D, ,
.
g2d.draw (someShape) ;
g2d.fill(someShape);
G r a p h i c s 2 D G r a p h i c s , ,
AWT, 9. ,
G r a p h i c s 2 D .
S h a p e
. , ,
, (, ,
), .
Graphics2D
public v o i d draw(Shape shape)
,
G r a p h i c s 2D.
( R e c t a n g l e ) , (0,0).
,
G r a p h i c s 2 D : r o t a t e , t r a n s f o r m , t r a n s l a t e .
1 0 . 1 . Java 2D
363
public b o o l e a n drawImage(BufferedImage i m a g e , B u f f e r e d l m a g e O p filter, int

left, int top)
Buf f e r e d l m a g e ,
( l e f t , t o p ) . ( f i l t e r ) .
Buf f e r e d l m a g e 10.3.
p u b l i c void drawString(String s, float left, float bottom)
,
.
. Java 2D API d r a w S t r i n g ,
d o u b l e , d r a w S t r i n g ( s , 2 . 0 , 3 . 0 )
. , ,
f l o a t , d r a w S t r i n g ( s , 2.Of,
3.0f).
Java 2D ,
.
Java 2D (User Coordinate
Space), .

(Device Coordinate Space).
72 1
.
.
p u b l i c v o i d fill(Shape shape)

G r a p h i c s 2D.
d r a w .
p u b l i c void rotate(double theta)
r o t a t e t h e t a
(0,0). r o t a t e ,
public v o i d rotate(double theta, d o u b l e x, d o u b l e y)
r o t a t e t h e t a
(,).
p u b l i c v o i d s c a l e ( d o u b l e x s c a l e , d o u b l e yscale)
.
, 1.0, , 1.0
. x s c a l e , -1,
.
y s c a l e -1, .
364
10. Java 2D: Java 2
public void setComposite(Composite rule)

.
, AlphaComposite:
A l p h a C o m p o s i t e . C l e a r , A l p h a C o m p o s i t e . D s t i n , AlphaComposite.DstOut,
AlphaComposite.DstOver, A l p h a C o m p o s i t e . S r c ,
AlphaComposite.Srcin,
AlphaComposite.SrcOut, AlphaComposite.ScrOver.
AlphaComposite, g e t I n s t a n c e
:
g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver);
int type = AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER;

float alpha = 0.75f;
AlphaComposite rule =
AlphaComposite.getlnstance(type, alpha);
g2d.setComposite(rule);
a l p h a ,
. 1.0
( ). . (.
Porter) . (. Duff) "Compositing Digital Images" SIGGRAPH 84,
p. 253-259.
public void setPaint(Paint paint)
Graphics2D.
, P a i n t . ,
Java 2, Color, G r a d i e n t P a i n t
TexturePaint.
public void setRenderingHints(Map hints)
s e t R e n d e r i n g H i n t s . AWT
R e n d e r i n g H i n t s , Map
.
, ,
. ,
,
, .
RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RengeringHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
hints.add(new RenderingHints(
RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY));
public void setStroke(Stroke pen)
G r a p h i c s 2D
S t r o k e . s e t S t r o k e S t r o k e ,
10.2.
365
. , ,
S t r o k e . AWT B a s i c S t r o k e ,
, .
public void transform(AffineTransform matrix)
,
Graphics2D. (. 10.7).
public void translate(double , double )
t r a n s l a t e .
, Graphics2D.
1/72 ,
. 300
600 dpi 4 9 .
public void setPaintModeO
setPaintMode Graphics.
(
XOR). Graphics2D setPaintMode
setComposite (AlphaComposite.SrcOver),
"" .
public void setXORMode(Color color)
setXORMode Graphics.
Graphics2D setXORMode
, . XOR
.
XOR ,
XOR. XOR ,
. ,
. .
10.2.
AWT drawXxx f illXxx
Graphics. Java 2D Shape,
draw f i l l Graphics2D. :
// , , diameter
// .
Ellipse2D.Double circle ss
new Ellipse2D.double(x, y, diameter, diameter);
g2d.fill(circle);
366
10. Java 2D: Java 2
Shape Shape. Double

Shape . F l o a t .
(Shape. Double),
(Shape. F l o a t ) . ,
, .
Graphics2D G r a p h i c s ,
drawXxx
Shape
, draw f i l l Graphics2D, Shape.
, Arc2D, Area, CubicCurve2D, E l l i p s e 2 D ,
G e n e r a l P a t h , Line2D, QuadCurve2D, Rectangle2D RoundRectangle2D.
J a v a , awt. geom. ,
Area, Polygon R e c t a n g l e , f l o a t double.
Polygon R e c t a n g l e , Java 1.1,
Shape. 9.
Shape .
public Arc2D.Float(float left, float top, float width, float height,
float startAngle, float deltaAngle, int closure)
public Arc2D.Double(double left, double top, double width,
double height, double startAngle, double deltaAngle,
int closure)
, ,
, ( l e f t , top).
() . .
, ,
45 ,
. c l o s u r e
Arc2D. CHORD, Arc2D. OPEN Arc2D. PIE.
public Area(Shape shape)
( Area) Shape.
, add,
s u b t r a c t , i n t e r s e c t exclusiveOr.
public CubicCurve2D.Float(float xStart, float yStart,
float pX, float pY,
float qX, float qY,
float xEnd, float yEnd)
public CubicCurve2D.Double(double xStart, double yStart,
double pX, double pY,
double qX, double qY,
double xEnd, double yEnd)
10.2.
367
C u b i c C u r v e 2 D ,
(), ( x S t a r t , y S t a r t ) (xEnd, yEnd).
(, pY) (qX, qY).
p u b l i c Ellipse2D.Float(float left, float t o p , float width, float height)
p u b l i c E l l i p s e 2 D . D o u b l e ( d o u b l e left, d o u b l e t o p , d o u b l e width, d o u b l e height)
,
w i d t h h e i g h t . E l l i p s e 2 D R e c t a n g u l a r S h a p e
, R e c t a n g l e 2 D R o u n d R e c t a n g l e 2 D .
p u b l i c GeneralPathO
G e n e r a l P a t h ,
S h a p e .
, c l o s e P a t h , c u r v e T o ,
l i n e T o , moveTo quadTo. G e n e r a l P a t h ,
moveTo,
I l l e g a l P a t h S t a t e E x c e p t i o n . G e n e r a l P a t h .
G e n e r a l P a t h p a t h = new G e n e r a l P a t h O ;
p a t h . m o v e T o ( 1 0 0 , 100) ;
p a t h . l i n e T o ( 3 0 0 , 205) ;
p a t h . q u a d T o ( 2 0 5 , 2 5 0 , 34 0 , 3 0 0 ) ;
p a t h . l i n e T o ( 3 4 0, 350) ;
path.closePath();
p u b l i c Line2D.Float(float xStart, float yStart, float x E n d , float yEnd)
p u b l i c L i n e 2 D . D o u b l e ( d o u b l e xStart, d o u b l e yStart, d o u b l e x E n d , d o u b l e yEnd)
Line2D,
, ( x S t a r t , y S t a r t ) (xEnd, yEnd).
p u b l i c Line2D.Float(Point p i . P o i n t p2)
p u b l i c L i n e 2 D . D o u b l e ( P o i n t p i . P o i n t p2)
L i n e 2 D ,
, 1 2 ( P o i n t ) .
public QuadCur-ve2D.Float(float xStart, float yStart,
float pX, float pY,
float x E n d , float yEnd)
public Q u a d C u r v e 2 D . D o u b l e ( d o u b l e xStart, d o u b l e yStart,
d o u b l e pX, d o u b l e pY,
d o u b l e x E n d , d o u b l e yEnd)
S h a p e , ,
( x S t a r t , y S t a r t ) (xEnd, yEnd). (, pY)
.
368
10. Java 2D: Java 2
public Rectangle2D.Float(float top, float left, float width, float height)

public Rectangle2D.Double(double top, double left, double width, double height)
Rectangle2D, ..
width h e i g h t , (top,
left).
public RoundRectangle2D.Float(noat top, float left,
float width, float height,
float arcX, float arcY)
public RoundRectangle2D.Double(double top, double left,
double width, double height,
double arcX, double arcY)
RectangleShape .
width h e i g h t ,
(top, l e f t ) . a r c Y
( ),
.
( E l l i s p s e 2 D ,
) (Rectangle2D) 10.3.
, .
Graphics 2D,
. . 10.1. g e t C i r c l e
, .
ShapeExample W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s ( 14.1)
E x i t L i s t e n e r ( 14.2).
, , Java-.
, :
import java.awt.*;
public class YourApplet extends JApplet {
public void initO {
JPanel panel new ChapterExample();
panel.setBackground(Color.white);
getContentPane().add(panel);
}
}
JApplet ,
JPanel, c o n t e n t JApplet.
JPanel. HTML- (
, JFrame)
a p p l e t viewer HTML- Java Plug-In.
Java Plug-In HTML- . 9.9.
10.2.
10.3.ShapeExample.Java
import java.awt.*;
import Java, awt .geom.""
// JPanel, .
// Graphics, .
// Ellipse2D, .
/** / Java 2D
* Java 1.2 .
public class ShapeExample extends JPanel {
private Ellipse2D.Double circle s=
new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 10, 350, 350);
private Rectangle2D. Dotible SG[uare
new Rectangle2D.Double(10, 10, 350, 350);
clear (g);
g2d.fill(circle);
g2d.draw(sG[uare) ;
}
// no ,
. // super.paintComponent ,
protected void clear(Graphics g) {
}
protected Ellipse2D.Double getCircleO {
return(circle);
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new ShapeExample() 3 8 0 , 400)
}
}
. 10.1. () ,
Java 2D
369
370
10. Java 2D: Java 2
10.3.
S h a p e G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
P a i n t . C o l o r
( ), G r a d i e n t P a i n t ( ,
) T e x t u r e P a i n t ( ).
, P a i n t .
P a i n t ,
s e t P a i n t g e t P a i n t . , s e t P a i n t g e t P a i n t
s e t C o l o r g e t C o l o r ,
G r a p h i c s .

, s e t P a i n t G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
, g e t P a i n t , P a i n t .
P a i n t .
Color
C o l o r , AWT-,
,
. 4- ,
, ,
( a l p h a ) . 255,
. a l p h a 0.
C o l o r :
public Color(int r e d , int g r e e n , int blue)
public Color(float int, float g r e e n , float blue)
r e d , g r e e n b l u e
C o l o r . ( i n t )
255, ( f l o a t ) O.Of l.Of.
f l o a t i n t 255 .
public Color(int r e d , int g r e e n , int b l u e , int alpha)
public Color(float r e d , float g r e e n , float b l u e , float alpha)
C o l o r ,
a l p h a . r e d ,
g r e e n , b l u e , a l p h a .
, .
A l p h a C o m p o s i t e ,
G r a p h i c s 2 D s e t C o m p o s i t e .
10.3.
371
GradientPaint
G r a d i e n t P a i n t .
.
, .
, , , .

.
public GradientPaint(float xStart, float yStart,
Color colorStart, float x E n d , float yEnd,
Color colorEnd)
G r a d i e n t P a i n t ,
c o l o r S t a r t ( x S t a r t , y S t a r t ) c o l o r E n d
(xEnd, yEnd). ( ).
public GradientPaint(float xStart, float yStart,
Color colorStart, float x E n d , float yEnd,
Color c o l o r E e n d , b o o l e a n repeat)
, ,
r e p e a t
.
TexturePaint
T e x t u r e P a i n t ,
. T e x t u r e P a i n t , .
public T e x t u r e P a i n t ( B u f f e r e d I m a g e image, R e c t a n g l e 2 D tilesize)
T e x t u r e P a i n t Buf f e r e d l m a g e R e c t a n g l e 2 D
. Buf f e r e d l m a g e
GIF JPEG, .
Image
Buf f e r e d l m a g e , Buf f e r e d l m a g e .TYPE_INT_ARGB.

G r a p h i c s Buf f e r e d l m a g e ,
c r e a t e G r a p h i c s , Image Buf f e r e d l m a g e d r a w l m a g e .
10.4 .
( C o l o r , r e d ) (, 0)
( C o l o r . y e l l o w ) (185, 185) .
.
. 10.2.
372
10. Java 2D: Java 2
1 0 . 4 . GradientPaintEacample. j a v a
import
java.awt.^;
/** .
* , (0,0) (175,175).
V
public class GradientPaintExample extends ShapeExample {
private GradientPaint gradient =
new GradientPaint(0, 0, Color.red, 175, 175, Color.yellow,
true); // true
clear (g);
drawGradientCircle(g2d);
}
protected void drawGradientCircle(Graphics2D g2d) {
g2d.setPaint(gradient);
g2d.fill(getCircle());
g2d.setPaint(Color.black);
g2d.draw(getCircle0);
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new GradientPaintExample(),
380, 400);
}
}
. 10.2. , Java 2D

10.3.
373

,
( t i l e d ) , T e x t u r e P a i n t
s e t P a i n t G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
. T e x t u r e P a i n t
Buf f e r e d l m a g e R e c t a n g l e 2 D . Buf f e r e d l m a g e
, , R e c t a n g l e 2 D ,
.
. Buf f e r e d l m a g e
: Buf f e r e d l m a g e ,
, Buf f e r e d l m a g e .TYPE_INT_RGB,
c r e a t e G r a p h i c s
G r a p h i c s 2 D . :
int width =32;
int height=32;
Bufferedlmage bufferedlmage =
new Bufferedlmage(width, height
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2d = bufferedlmage.createGraphics();
g2d.draw(someShape);
TexturePaint texture =
new TexturePaint(bufferedlmage,
new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height));
G r a p h i c s 2 D , c r e a t e G r a p h i c s ,
Buf f e r e d l m a g e . G r a p h i c s 2 D
Buf f e r e d l m a g e . " "
32 ,
.
Buf f e r e d l m a g e . -,
Image M e d i a T r a c k e r , ,
. Buf f e r e d l m a g e ,
I m a g e . G r a p h i c s 2D
c r e a t e G r a p h i c s Image Buf f e r e d l m a g e .
g e t B u f f e r e d l m a g e I m a g e U t i l i t i e s ,
10.6.

10.5. . 10.3.
:
, ,
. ,
. R e c t a n g l e Buf f e r e d l m a g e
, .
374
10. Java 2D: Java 2
10.5. Tiledlmages.Java
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
javax.swing.*;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.geom.*;
Java.awt.image.*;
TexturePaint
.
Bufferedlmage
getBufferedlmage ImageUtilities.
V
public class Tiledlmages extends JPanel {
private String dir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
private String imageFilel = dir + "/images/marty.jpg";
private TexturePaint imagePaintl;
private Rectangle imageRect;
private String imageFile2 = dir + "/images/bluedrop.gif";
private TexturePaint imagePaint2;
private int[] xPoints = { 30, 700, 400 };
private int[] yPoints = { 30, 30, 600 };
private Polygon imageTriangle = new Polygon(xPoints, yPoints, 3)
public Tiledlmages() {
Bufferedlmage image =
ImageUtilities.getBufferedlmage(imageFilel, this);
imageRect = new Rectangle(235, 70, image.getWidth(),
image.getHeight() ) ;
imagePaintl = new TexturePaint(image, imageRect);
image = ImageUtilities.getBufferedlmage(imageFile2, this);
imagePaint2 =
new TexturePaint(image, new Rectangle(0, 0, 32, 32));
g2d.setPaint(imagePaint2);
g2d.fill(imageTriangle);
g2d.setPaint(Color.blue);
g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5) ) ;
g2d.draw(imageTriangle) ;
g2d.setPaint(imagePaintl);
g2d.fill(imageRect);
g2d.draw(imageRect);
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new Tiledlmages(), 750, 650);
10.3.
375
. 10.3. TexturePaint,

10.6.ImageUtilities.Java
import java.awt.*;
import Java.awt.image.*;
/**
*
*
*
,
, Bufferedlmage
MediaTracker
.
V
public class ImageUtilities {
/** Image
* Bufferedlmage.
V
piiblic static Bufferedlmage getBufferedlmage(String imageFile,
Component c) {
Image image = c.getToolkit().getImage(imageFile);
waitForImage(image, c ) ;
Bufferedlmage bufferedlmage =
new Bufferedlmage(image.getWidth(c), image.getHeight(c),
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2d = bufferedlmage.createGraphics();
g2d.drawImage(image, 0 , 0 , c ) ;
return(bufferedlmage);
}
/**
*
*
*
*
Image, ,
.
,
; ,
.
376
10. Java 2D: Java 2
V
public static boolean waitForlmage(Image image, Component c) {
try {
return(!tracker.isErrorAny());
}
/** , ,
* .
public static boolean waitForlmages(Image[] images. Component c) {
for(int i=0; i<images.length; i++)
tracker.addlmage(images[i], 0 ) ;
try {
return(!tracker.isErrorAny());
10.4.
Java 2D ( a l p h a ) ,
, , "''
.
A l p h a C o m p o s i t e , s e t C o m p o s i t e
G r a p h i c s 2D.
AlphaComposite
A l p h a C o m p o s i t e . g e t l n s t a n c e
, :
f l o a t alpha = 0.75f;
i n t t y p e = AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER;
AlphaComposite composite =
AlphaComposite.getlnstance(type, alpha);
A l p h a C o m p o s i t e API ,
"" A l p h a C o m p o s i t e . SRC_OVER.
,
. a l p h a O.Of (
) 1.Of ().
10.7 ,
, .
. 10.4 11 ,
. ,
.
10.4.
377
a l p h a O.Of;
1 .Of.
10.3,
.
Color.
p r i v a t e void drawSquares(Graphics2D g2d, f l o a t alpha) {
g2d.fill(blueSquare) ;
Color c o l o r = new Color(1, 0, 0, alpha); //
g2d.setPaint(color);
g2d.fill(redSquare) ;
}
, AlphaComposite.
SRCOVER. Graphics2D .
a l p h a AlphaComposite, Color,

alpha.
10.7. TransparencyExample.Java
import java.awt.*;
import Java.awt.geom.*;
/** AlphaComposite
* .
public class TransparencyExample extends JPanel {

private static int gap=10, width=60, offset=20,
deltaX=gap+width+offset ;
private Rectangle
blueSquare = new Rectangle(gap+offset, gap+offset, width,
width),
redSquare = new Rectangle(gap, gap, width, width);
private AlphaComposite makeComposite(float alpha) {
int type = AlphaComposite. SRC_OVER;
return(AlphaComposite.getlnstance(type, alpha));
}
private void drawSquares(Graphics2D g2d, float alpha) {
Composite originalComposite = g2d.getComposite();
g2d.fill(blueSquare);
g2d.setComposite(makeComposite(alpha));
g2d.setPaint(Color.red);
g2d.fill(redSquare);
g2d.setComposite(originalComposite);
}
378
10. Java 2D: Java 2
for(int i=0; i<ll; i++) {
drawSquares(g2d, i*0.IF);
g2d.translate(deltaX, 0 ) ;
}
String title = "Transparency example: alpha of the top "
"(red) square ranges from 0.0 at the left '
"to 1.0 at the right. Bottom (blue) square
"is opaque.";
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new TransparencyExample(),
ll*deltaX + 2*gap,
deltaX + 3*gap,
title, Color.lightGray);
^hw.'^l!li^rjlm{^lM[rj^fiMl^^lii,l[^^jlfîrl'^^^^^l^^^l^^l/ilf1^,lHl^^
. 10.4. , ,
, ""

10.5.
Java 2D , Java 1.1, : Serif

(. Times), SansSerif (, Helvetica Arial), Monospaced (,
Courier), Dialog, Dialoglnput. ,
, .
.
g e t A v a i l a b l e F o n t F a m i l y N a m e s g e t A l l F o n t s G r a p h i c s E n v i r o n m e n t .
G r a p h i c s E n v i r o n m e n t :
GraphicsEnvironment env =
GrapicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();

env.getAvailableFontFamilyNames
();
env.getAllFonts;
/ / !
API, ,
. , , -
1 0 . 5 .
379
, ,
, ,
.
!

, .

Font,
, g e t A l l F o n t s
Font, , ,
. ,
,
getAvailableFontFamilyNames.
getAvailableFontFamilyNames ,
. ,
, .
Font ,
, (SansSerif). 10.8 ,
, .
10.8. ListFonts.Java
/** . */
public class ListFonts {
GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
S t r i n g [ ] fontNames = env.getAvailableFontFamilyNames();
System.out.println("Available Fonts:");
f o r ( i n t 1=0; i<fontNames.length; i++)
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " " + fontNames[i]);
}
, 10.9, , ,
"Java 2D" Goudy Handtooled .
. 10.5. Goudy
Handtooled , SansSerif.
380
10. Java 2D: Java 2
1 0 . 9 . F o n t E x a m p l e . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
/**
* Java 2D.
V
public class FontExample extends GradientPaintExample {
public FontExample() {
GraphicsEnvironment env ==
env. getAvailableFontFamilyNames () ;
setFont(new Font("Goudy Handtooled ", Font.PLAIN, 100))/
}
protected void drawBigString(Graphics2D g2d) {
g2d.setPaint(Color.black) ;
g2d.drawstring("Java 2D", 25, 215);
}
clear(g);
drawGradientCircle(g2d) ;
drawBigString(g2d) ;
}
WindowUtilities.OpenlnJFrame(new FontExample(), 380, 400);
}
\ MHHBHHaiMiiHi'
nfava 211
ovi^fl^HHr
1
. 10.5. Java 2D
,

10.6.
381
10.6.
AWT drawXxx G r a p h i c s
1 . ,
(, d r a w R e c t d r a w P o l y g o n ) ,
. Java 2D
.
( ,
s e t P a i n t ) Java 2D ,
,
.
B a s i c S t r o k e , s e t S t r o k e G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
B a s i c S t r o k e .

, s e t S t r o k e ,
S t r o k e . B a s i c S t r o k e .
p u b l i c BasicStrokeO
B a s i c S t r o k e 1.0.
CAPSQUARE
JOIN_MITER. ,
.
p u b l i c BasicStroke(float penWidth)
, (CAP_SQUARE
JOIN_MITER).
p u b l i c BasicStroke(float p e n W i d t h , int capStyle, int joinStyle)
B a s i c S t r o k e ,
.
CAP_SQUARE (

; ), CAP_BUTT (
; )
CAP_ROUND (
, ).
JOIN_MITER ( ,
; ), JOIN_BEVEL
( ) JOIN_ROUND (
, ).
382
10. Java 2D: Java 2
public BasicStroke(float penWidth, int capStyle, int joinStyle, float miterLimit)

, , ,
,
( m i t e r L i m i t ) . m i t e r L i m i t ,
10.0, .
public BasicStroke(float penWidth, int capStyle, int joinStyle,
float miterLimit, float[] dashPattern,
float dashOffset)
,
. ,
. (dashOffset), 0.0,
.
.
( 10.10) 8 , ( 10.11)
. :
f l o a t [ ] d a s h P a t t e r n { 30, 10, 10, 10 };
.
30 , , .. 10 ,
10 10 .
. ,
, . 10.6 10.7.
10.10.StrokeThicknessExample.Java
/** .
p u b l i c c l a s s StrokeThicknessExample extends FontExample
p u b l i c void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
clear(g) ;
drawGradientCircle(g2d) ;
drawBigString(g2d);
drawThickCircleOutline(g2d) ;
p r o t e c t e d void drawThickCircleOutline(Graphics2D g2d) {
g2d.setstroke(new B a s i c S t r o k e ( 8 ) ) ; / / 8
g2d.draw(getCircle());
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new StrokeThicknessExample(),
380, 400);
}
10.6.
383
. 10.6. ,
8
1 . 1 1 . DashedStrokeExample Java
import
java.awt.*;
/** .
public class DashedStrokeExample extends FontExample {
clear(g);
drawBigString(g2d);
drawDashedCi rcleOutline(g2d);
protected void drawDashedCircleOutline(Graphics2D g2d) {
// 30 , 10 ,
// 10 , 10 .
float[] dashPattern = { 30, 10, 10, 10 };
g2d.setstroke(new BasicStroke(8, Basicstroke.CAP__BUTT,
BasicStroke . JOIN_JdITER, 10 ,
dashPattern, 0));
g2d.draw(getCircle());
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new DashedStrokeExample()
380, 400);
384
10. Java 2D: Java 2
. 10.7, ,

10.12
,
. . 10.8 JOIN_MITER,
JOIN_BEVEL JOIN_ROUND, CAP_SQUARE, CAP_BUTT
ROUND.
10.12.LineStyles.j ava
import java.awt.*;
/** .
* capStyle.
public class LineStyles extends JPanel {
private GeneralPath path;
private static int x = 30, deltaX = 150, = 300,
deltaY = 250, thickness = 40;
private Circle plLarge, plSmall, p2Large, p2Small,
p3Large, p3Small;
private int compositeType = AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER;
private AlphaComposite transparentComposite =
AlphaComposite.getlnstance(compositeType, 0.4F);
private int[] caps =
{ BasicStroke.CAP_SQUARE, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,
BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND };
private String[] capNames =
{ "CAP_SQUARE", "CAP_BUTT", "CAP_ROUND" };
private int[] joins =
{ BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL,
BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND };
private String[] joinNames =
{ "JOIN MITER", "JOIN BEVEL", "JOIN ROUND" };
10.6.
public LineStylesO {
path = new GeneralPath();
path.moveTo(x, y ) ;
plLarge = new Circle(x, thickness/2);
plSmall = new Circle(x, 2);
path.lineTo(x + deltaX, - deltaY);
p2Large = new Circle(x + deltaX, - deltaY, thickness/2);
p2Small = new Circle(x + deltaX,
deltaY, 2 ) ;
path.lineTo(x + 2*deltaX, y ) ;
p3Large = new Circle(x + 2*deltaX,
thickness/2)
p3Small = new Circle(x + 2*deltaX,
2);
g2d.setColor(Color.lightGray) ;
for(int i=0; i<caps.length; i++) {
BasicStroke stroke =
new BasicStroke(thickness, caps[i], joins[i]);
g2d.setStroke(stroke);
g2d.draw(path);
labelEndPoints(g2d, capNames[i], joinNames[i]);
g2d.translate(3*x + 2*deltaX, 0) ;
}
}
//
// .
private void labelEndPoints(Graphics2D g2d. String capLabel,
String joinLabel) {
Paint origPaint = g2d.getPaint();
Composite origComposite = g2d.getComposite();
g2d.setComposite(transparentComposite);
g2d.fill(plLarge);
g2d.fill(p2Large);
g2d.fill(pBLarge);
g2d.setPaint(Color.yellow);
g2d.setComposite(origComposite);
g2d.fill(plSmall);
g2d.fill(p2Small);
g2d.fill(p3Small);
g2d.drawstring(capLabel, x + thickness - 5, + 5 ) ;
g2d.drawstring(joinLabel, x + deltaX + thickness - 5,
- deltaY);
g2d.setPaint(origPaint);
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new LineStyles(),
9*x + 6*deltaX, + 60)
385
386
10. Java 2D: Java 2
}
}
class. Circle extends Ellipse2D.Double {

public Circle(double centerX, double centerY, double radius) {
super(centerX - radius, centerY - radius, 2.0*radius,
2.0^radius);
}
}
JOIN_MITER
CAP SQUARE
JOIN.BEVEL
CAP_BUTT
gR
J |
JOIN_ROUND
CAP.ROUND
. 10.8.

10.7.
Java 2D : ,
( ).
,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
.
(shear) .
.
, .
, ,
: (
), .
.
,
. ,

.
, . ,
, .
( ) ;
.
10.7.
387
,
. , ,
, ,
.

. ,
, . (^,
2) (Xj, y j :
W
2
' =
1 J [l _
, !
2 =
0 0
m,oX,+m,,>;,+m,2
1
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. (,,,,, mj, HIJ,, )
. ,
1. [0 0 1];
- ( z 0).
A f f i n e T r a n s f o r m
. API
, Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m .
:
Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m .
, Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m ,
, Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
s e t T r a n s f o r m , ( S h a p e ) .
Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m S h a p e .
c r e a t e T r a n s f o r m e d S h a p e Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m .
,
Aff i n e T r a n s f o r m ,
.

Shape .
createTransformedShape
Shape,
Aff
Aff IneTransform

,
IneTransform.
, ,
t r a n s l a t e , r o t a t e , s c a l e s h e a r
G r a p h i c s 2D. , G r a p h i c s 2 D ,
; ,
, . ,
r o t a t e ( M a t h . P I / 2 ) , ,
388
10. Java 2D: Java 2
r o t a t e (Math. P I ) .
, G r a p h i c s 2D, getTransform,
, ,
oec)^ s e t T r a n s f o r m . :
/ / .
AffineTransform transform = g 2 d . g e t T r a n s f o r m ( ) ;
/ / ,
translate(...);
rotate(...);
/ /
/ / .
g2d.setTransform(transform);
10.13
.
"Java". . 10.9.
10.13.RotationExample.Java
/**
* .
public class RotationExample extends StrokeThicknessExample {
private Color[] colors = { Color.white, Color.black };
clear(g);
drawThickCircleOutline(g2d);
// .
g2d.translate(185., 185.0) ;
for (int i=0; i<16; i++) {
// .
// .
g2d.rotate(Math.PI/8.0);
g2d.setPaint(colors[i%2]);
g2d.drawstring("Java", 0, 0 ) ;
}
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new RotationExample(), 380, 400);
10.7.
389
. 10.9.

""
. -,
, . ,
-, 0.1, ,
10% . ,
X. - - .

. 10.14,
. 10.10. - 0.0
+0.8 . -
.
1 0 . 1 4 . S h e a r E x a m p l e . j a v a
import
import
import
javax.swing.^;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.geom.*;
/ * * . * /
p u b l i c c l a s s ShearExample extends JPanel {
p r i v a t e s t a t i c i n t gap=10, width=100;
p r i v a t e R e c t a n g l e r e c t = new R e c t a n g l e ( g a p ,
gap, 100, 100);
p u b l i c void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
s u p e r . paintComponent (g). ;
for ( i n t i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++) {
g2d.setPaint(Color.red);
g2d.fill(rect) ;
// -
// - 0.2.
390
10. Java 2D: Java 2
g2d.shear(0.2, 0.0);
g2d.translate(2*gap + width, 0) ;
}
String title =
"Shear: x shear.ranges from 0.0 for the leftmost" +
"'square' to 0.8 for the rightmost one.";
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new ShearExample(),
20*gap + 5*width,
5*gap + width,
title);
}
es from 0.0 for the ieftmust 'so
. 10.10. -
( ,
)
10.8. Java 2D
AWT Java 2D ,
.
, ,
.
(
) .
:
RenderingHints renderHints =
new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
renderHints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
g2d.setRenderingHints(renderHints);
}
10.8.
Java 2 D
391

RenderxngHlnts,

(VALUEJMUTIALIASJDIH)

(VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY).
,
Java 2D. ,
,
.
( Composite CompositeContext).

i n t e r s e c t s Shape).
contains
( F o n t . d e r i v e F o n t ) .

( draw TextLayout).
,
( g e t O u t l i n e TextLayout).
Swing- (
15.5).
10.9.
Java 2D
. , Java 2D .
Shape.
draw f i l l Graphics2D.
Shape.
s e t P a i n t Graphics2D
(Color), ( G r a d i e n t P a i n t )
( T e x t u r e P a i n t ) .

. ,
AlhpaComposite, .
,
B a s i c S t r o k e ,
,
.
392
10. Java 2D: Java 2
Af f i n e T r a n s f o r m s e t T r a n s f o r m
G r a p h i c s 2 D , , (
) .

RenderingHints.
R e n d e r i n g H i n t s .
, Java 2D Java Foundation Classes

Java 2. "" Swing
Java Foundation Classes. Swing
14 15.
,
.
, .

, , .
.

...
.
.
.
.
.
processXxxEvent
.
" ".
S~y\zJ^zJ
, ,
, , .
Java
.
: " ,
, ".
,
, ,
. .
1. .
11 AWT,
. 1.1. , ,
. , K e y L i s t e n e r
, M o u s e L i s t e n e r
, F o c u s L i s t e n e r ,

. .
2. .

( M o u s e L i s t e n e r ,
K e y L i s t e n e r , F o c u s L i s t e n e r ..)
, .
, ,
, M o u s e L i s t e n e r ,
, .
, ,
.
, .
.
396
1 1 . ,
S. .
SomethingLlstener

addSom^/Am^Listener, .
, , , w,
, MyMouseL i s t e n e r , w . a d d M o u s e L i s t e n e r (new
MyMouseListener());.
, .
,
, ,
, .
.
1 1 . 1 .

, ,
Java- .
( , Java Console
Communicator Communicator/Tools Netscape View

Internet Explorer.) ,
. , , MouseListener
, M o u s e A d a p t e r ""
M o u s e L i s t e n e r . M o u s e L i s t e n e r ,
, m o u s e P r e s s e d
MouseEvent.
MouseEvent g e t X g e t Y ,
.
, , 11.1,
, 11.2.
. 11.1. HTML-, ,
h t t p : / / w w w . c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . c o m / .
1 1 . 1 . CiickListener.java
import
Java.awt.event.*;
/ * * , C l i c k R e p o r t e r .
p u b l i c c l a s s C l i c k L i s t e n e r e x t e n d s MouseAdapter {
p u b l i c void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M o u s e p r e s s e d a t (" +
event. getXO + " , " +
event.getY0 + " ) . " ) ;
}
}
*/
11.1. .
397
11.2. ClickReporter.Java
/^* (
* ). .
public class ClickReporter extends Applet {
public void initO {
setBackground(Color.yellow);
addMouseListener(new ClickListener());
iS
fife
{fe
iiwupai'rrpummiffmi
Vtew
>-
F^vontes
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Tods
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Reporting Mouse Clicks
~3
l-.lii.lAJ.i!.
fifxil
JMouse p r e s s e d at ( 2 6 , 2 2 ) .
jMouse p r e s s e d at ( 6 5 , 6 3 ) ,
jMouse p r e s s e d at (110,106)
;House p r e s s e d
jMouse p r e s s e d
ac (160,137)
at ( 2 1 0 , 1 7 1 ) .
JKouse p r e s s e d at (275,211)
JHouse p r e s s e d at ( 3 6 7 , 2 7 4 ) .
Mouse pressed
JMouse p r e s s e d
J
; ^ iiwtel tarted
My CoTfipute
Li
Clear
at ( 3 9 0 , 3 2 5 ) .
at ( 4 2 6 , 3 2 7 ) .
_H
CJose
. 11.1. C l i c k R e p o r t e r , ^
Java Console ,
,

,
,
. G r a p h i c s paint :
g e t G r a p h i c s . ,
Applet , ,
398
1 1 . ,
g e t G r a p h i c s . g e t S o u r c e (
), ,
. Applet g e t G r a p h i c s . ,
, 11.3 11.4,
. 11.2.

event. getSource () ,
.
1 1 . 3 . C i r c l e L i s t e n e r . j a v a
import J a v a . a p p l e t . A p p l e t ;
import J a v a . a w t . e v e n t . * ;
/** , C i r c l e D r a w e r l .
* getSource.
V
p u b l i c c l a s s C i r c l e L i s t e n e r extends MouseAdapter {
p r i v a t e i n t r a d i u s = 25;
Applet app = ( A p p l e t ) e v e n t . g e t S o u r c e 0 ;
Graphics g = app.getGraphics ( ) ;
g.fillOval(event.getX()-radius,
event.getY()-radius,
2*radius,
2*radius);
11.4. CircleDrawer.java
import java.awt.*;
/ ,
* . .
V
public class CircleDrawerl extends Applet {
public void initO {
setForeground(Color.blue);
addMouseListener(new CircleListener());
}
}
11.2. .
399
Using External Litefie(s fm Event Hanfng - Netscape
d
Using External Listeners for Event Handling
Click ill the applet to di aw circles.
IfîfMCdeOtaw1 tunn :.' -"^
- 3 ^ .'^^,
'
,Â
, 11.2.
,
. ,
getSource
11.2.

.
,
. ,
g e t S o u r c e
, )^ , . , ,
, .
, p r i v a t e p r o t e c t e d , .

. Java, ,
, M o u s e L i s t e n e r .
""
. , , M o u s e L i s t e n e r , m o u s e E n t e r e d ,
m o u s e E x i t e d , m o u s e P r e s s e d , mouseReleased m o u s e C l i c k e d .
11.5 , , ,
, , .
400
1 1 . ,
m o u s e P r e s s e d ,
g e t G r a p h i c s . , , ,
, .
1 1 . 5 . C i r c l e D r a w e r 2 . J a v a
import
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/ * ,
* .
* .
public class CircleDrawer2 extends Applet
implements MouseListener {
private int radius = 25;
addMouseListener(this);
// , MouseListener.
public
public
public
public
void
void
void
void
mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseExited(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseReleased(MouseEvent event) {}
mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) {}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) {

Graphics g = getGraphics();
2*radius,
2^radius);
}
11.3.
icnaccoB
,
, A p p l e t
.
Java, - . ,
, A p p l e t . pea-
1 1 . 3 . . . .
401
M o u s e L i s t e n e r , , ""
, . ,
, .
, .
,
p r i v a t e . .
public c l a s s Outer {
p r i v a t e class Inner
{ ..,
p r i v a t e I n n e r t e s t = new I n n e r ( ) ;

. t h i s
. O u t e r . t h i s .
,
(, O u t e r $ I n n e r . c l a s s ) .
, ,

, .

, ,
,
.
11.6 C i r c l e D r a w e r ,
. g e t G r a p h i c s
, e v e n t . g e t Sou
.
M o u s e L i s t e n e r , ): M o u s e A d a p t e r .
""
mouseEntered, mouseExited,mouseReleased nmouseClicked.
1 1 . 6 . C i r c l e D r a w e r 3 . J a v a
import
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/k-k ,
* .
* .
public class CircleDrawerS extends Applet {
public void initO {
402
1 1 . ,
addMouseListener(new CircleListener());
}
private class CircleListener extends MouseAdapter
2*radius,
2*radius);
}
} .
11.4.

^! .
( , ),
;
.
, , ,
.
, .
.
C o l o r someColor = p i c k C o l o r O ;
add(new P a n e l ( ) {
p u b l i c Color o r i g C o l o r = someColor;
setBackground(origColor);
}
});
K e y A d a p t e r myAdapter =
new K e y A d a p t e r 0 {
p u b l i c void keyPressed(KeyEvent event)
{ ...
};
addKeyListener(myAdapter);
11.7 , , ,
. , ,
.
.
11.5.
403
11.7.CircleDrawer4.java
import java.awt.*;
import Java.awt.event.*;
/ ,
* .
* .
public class CircleDrawer4 extends Applet {

public void initO {
addMouseListener
(new MouseAdapter() {
2*radius,
2*radius); ,
}
});
11.5.
. 11.1 11 AWT,
. , ,
, add. ,
, a d d M o u s e L i s t e n e r M o u s e L i s t e n e r , a d d C o m p o n e n t L i s t e n e r C o m p o n e n t L i s t e n e r ..
a d d X x x L i s t e n e r r e m o v e X x x L i s t e n e r .
11 AWT, Swing ,
, Swing. ,
, ,
"" .
(,
, ), ,
, .
404
11. ,
11.1.
ActionListener
addActionListener
AdjustmentListener
addAdjustmentListener
ComponentAdapter
addComponentListener
ContainerListener
ContainerAdapter
addContainerListener
FocusListener
FocusAdapter
addFocusListener
KeyListener
KeyAdapter
addKeyListener
MouseListener
MouseAdapter
addMouseListener
MouseMotionListener
MouseMotionAdapter
addMouseMotionListene
ComponentListener
addltemListener
ItemListener
r
TextListener
WindowListener
addTextListener
WindowAdapter
addWindowListener
,
. ,
AWTEvent. AWTEvent :
consume ( ), i s C o n s u m e d ( ,
, ), g e t ID (
, ) g e t S o u r c e (
O b j e c t , ).
ActionListener
:
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
,
. ,
, . a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d
, , <Enter>,
, .
AWTEvent, A c t i o n E v e n t :
g e t A c t i o n C o m m a n d ( " "
String) g e t M o d i f i e r s ( ,
<Shift>, <Ctrl> .. " "
, ,
, .
g e t S o u r c e ,
, .
11.5.
405
AdjustmentListener
:
p u b l i c void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent
event)
, A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r , .
,
a d j u s t m e n t V a l u e C h a n g e d ,
. AWTEvent Ad j u s t m e n t E v e n t
. , g e t A d j u s t a b l e
, g e t A d j u s t m e n t T y p e
UNIT_DECREMENT, UNIT_INCREMENT, BLOCK_DECREMENT, BLOCK_INCREMENT
TRACK; g e t V a l u e .
ComponentListener
C o m p o n e n t L i s t e n e r :
public
public
public
public
void
void
void
void
componentResized(ComponentEvent event)
componentMoved(ComponentEvent event)
componentShown(ComponentEvent event)
componentHidden(ComponentEvent event)
Java API C o m p o n e n t A d a p t e r , "''

. ,
.
, ,
, .
g e t C o m p o n e n t C o m p o n e n t E v e n t Component,
. g e t C o m p o n e n t ,
g e t S o u r , Component.
ContainerListener
:
public void componentAdded(ContainerEvent event)
public void componentRemoved(ContainerEvent event)
ContainerAdapter . ContainerListener
,
. ContainerEvent getContainer getChild
.
FocusListener
FocusListener :
public void focusGained(FocusEvent event)
public void focusLost(FocusEvent event)
"" F o c u s A d a p t e r .
F o c u s E v e n t i s T e m p o r a r y ,
, , .
406
1 1 . ,
ItemListener
:
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent
event)
, I t e m L i s t e n e r , .
Checkbox,
CheckboxMenuItem, C h o i c e L i s t . ,
. I t e m E v e n t : g e t l t e m S e l e c t a b l e
( ), g e t I t e m ( )
g e t S t a t e C h a n g e ( I t e m E v e n t . SELECTED
I t e m E v e n t . DESELECTED).
KeyListener
K e y L i s t e n e r :
p u b l i c void keyPressed(KeyEvent
p u b l i c void keyReleased(KeyEvent
p u b l i c v o i d keyTyped(KeyEvent
event)
event)
event)
K e y A d a p t e r "" , ,

. ,
, , P a n e l C a n v a s ,
, r e q u e s t F o c u s . k e y P r e s s e d
k e y R e l e a s e d )' ;
- <Shift>, <Ctrl> . .
, , consume
k e y P r e s s e d . , ,
. )
, keyTyped.
KeyEvent .
getKeyChar setKeyChar.
getKeyChar , s e t K e y C h a r
.
,
. KeyEvent g e t M o d i f i e r s
s e t M o d i f i e r s , -,
i s A c t i o n K e y ,
.
, I n p u t E v e n t : isAltDown,
i s C o n t r o l D o w n , isMetaDown i s S h i f tDown. ,
g e t K e y C h a r ,
, g e t K e y C o d e , getKeyText.
.
g e t K e y C o d e setKeyCode.
Component, )^ ,
getComponent, getWhen.
11.5.
407
MouseListener
:
p u b l i c void mouseEntered(MouseEvent
p u b l i c void mouseExited(MouseEvent
event)
event)
p u b l i c void mousePressed(MouseEvent
p u b l i c void mouseReleased(MouseEvent
p u b l i c void mouseClicked(MouseEvent
event)
event)
event)
m o u s e E n t e r e d m o u s e E x i t e d
, . m o u s e E n t e r e d
, , ,
m o u s e E x i t e d . , m o u s e E x i t e d
, ,
, . , ,
, ,
- , .
m o u s e E n t e r e d ( ,
), m o u s e E x i t e d ( ),
m o u s e E n t e r e d (
) , , m o u s e E x i t e d
( ). ,
, m o u s e E x i t e d , ;
, , m o u s e E x i t e d , .
m o u s e P r e s s e d , m o u s e R e l e a s e d
, m o u s e C l i c k e d , ^
. , ,
, , m o u s e P r e s s e d ,
m o u s e R e l e a s e d m o u s e C l i c k e d ( ).
, , ,
m o u s e P r e s s e d m o u s e R e l e a s e d ; m o u s e C l i c k e d .
( ) ,
, Mouse A d a p t e r .
(consume) m o u s e P r e s s e d ,
. ,
, g e t M o d i f i e r s . Java-
, (MacOS), (Windows) (Unix) ,
Java . , event.getModifiers(),
M o u s e E v e n t . Button2_MASK, ,
M o u s e E v e n t .Button3_MASK, .
M o u s e E v e n t . Button3_MASK ,
.
e v e n t . g e t M o d i f i e r s ()
.
(event.getModifiers
== event.ALT_MASK)
408
1 1 . ,
, :
((event.getModifiers
& event.ALT_MASK)
!= 0)
g e t C l i c k C o u n t .
,
, Java, .
m o u s e P r e s s e d :
, e v e n t . g e t C l i c k C o u n t , 1,
2. , ,
. ,
. g e t X , g e t Y g e t P o i n t
. i s P o p u p T r i g g e r
, , ,
, . KeyEvent,
MouseEvent I n p u t E v e n t ^ i s A l t D o w n , i s C o n t r o l D o w n ,
isMetaDown, i s S h i f t D o w n , g e t C o m p o n e n t getWhen.
MouseMotionListener
:
p u b l i c v o i d mouseMoved(MouseEvent e v e n t )
p u b l i c v o i d mouseDragged(MouseEvent e v e n t )
"" seMot i o n A d a p t e r .
, M o u s e M o t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
. M o u s e E v e n t M o u s e L i s t e n e r .
TextListener
:
public void textValueChanged(TextEvent event)
, TextListener, .
Text Area, Text Field
TextComponent. textValueChanged ,
, ,
(,
setText append).
WindowListener
WindowListener :
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
void
void
void
void
void
void
void
windowOpened(WindowEvent event)
windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
windowClosed(WindowEvent event)
windowlconifled(WindowEvent event)
windowDeiconifled(WindowEvent event)
windowActivated(WindowEvent event)
windowDeactivated(WindowEvent event)
11.6.
409
,
W i n d o w A d a p t e r , ""
. windowOpened
, w i n d o w C l o s i n g , ,
w i n d o w C l o s e d . w i n d o w I c o n i f i e d w i n d o w D e i c o n i f i e d
. w i n d o w A c t i v a t e d w i n d o w D e a c t i v a t e d ,
, .
getWindow WindowEvent Window, ^ ,
.
11.6.
, processX x x E v e n t , Mouse (.. p r o c e s s M o u s e E v e n t ) , Key,
F o c u s , A c t i o n .. ( . 11.2.) p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t ,
. ,
" ".
s s X x x E v e n t . , , ,
, ,
, p r o c e s s M o u s e E v e n t ,
, M o u s e L i s t e n e r . p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t , s u p e r . p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t ,
.
s u p e r . p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t
, .
p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t , ,
, s u p e r . p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t
.
processMouseEvent,

super.processMouseEvent.
,
processXxxEvent,
super. processXxxEvent.
., ^
^81^
^
^
p r o c e s s
X x x E v e n t , , .
, v e n t s )%
. AWTEvent. ,
p r o c e s s M o u s e E v e n t ,
, :
enableEvents(AWTEvent.MOUSE EVENT MASK);
410
1 1 . ,
, , :
enableEvents (AWTEvent .KEY__EVENT__MASK) ;
, :
enableEvents (AWTEvent. FOCUS__EVENT_MASK) ;

e n a b l e E v e n t s .
. :
enableEvents(AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK |
AWTEvent.KEY_EVENT_MASK |
AWTEvent.FOCUS_EVENT_MASK);
p r s s X x x E v e n t ,
XxxEvent. , , s s M o u s e E v e n t
MouseEvent, p r o c e s s K e y E v e n t KeyEvent, p r o c e s s F o c u s E v e n t ~
FocusEvent, p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t I t e m E v e n t , p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t A c t i o n E v e n t
T. . : p r o c e s s M o u s e M o t i o n E v e n t , ,
p r o c e s s MouseEvent, MouseEvent. enableEvents
d i s a b l e E v e n t s ;
. , AWTEvent j a v a . awt, MouseEvent
j a v a . a w t . e v e n t . ,
, .
11.8 , p r o c e s s M o u s e E v e n t , )
, . p r o c e s s M o u s e M o t i o n E v e n t
,, .
. 11.3.
. 1 1 . 8 . M o u s e R e p o r t e r . J a v a
import
import
import
java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/ * * , .
*
* p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s MouseReporter extends Applet {
s e t B a c k g r o u n d ( C o l o r . b l u e ) ; / /
enableEvents(AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK |
AWTEvent.MOUSE MOTION EVENT MASK);
p u b l i c void processMouseEvent(MouseEvent event) {
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M o u s e e n t e r / e x i t or c l i c k a t
(" +
11.6.
411
event.getXO + "," +
event.getYO + ").");
// MouseListener:
super.processMouseEvent(event);
}
public void processMouseMotionEvent(MouseEvent event) {
System.out.println("Mouse move/drag at (" +
event.getXO + ", " +
event.getYO + ").");
// MouseMotionListener:
super.processMouseMotionEvent(event);
}
t-4-l'i''IHJ-l'lU4'rl.H.H'NIHH.Ht4'-l
j^ -;; "3 -Ti ^- ,^ j ^ rf '^ -M
Mouse Event Reporter
Mouse enter/exit or click at (7.0).

Mouse move/drag at (7,0).
Mouse move/drag at (9.2).
Mouse move/drag at (32,20)
Mouse move/drag at (34.22)
Mouse move/drag at (38,24)
Mouse enter/exit or click at (38.25)
_J^
;isg*;^j>r
Appiet Mo.isefi{
. 11.3. MouseReporter

, ,
. 11.2.
11.2.

processtionEvent
processAdjustmentEvent
prssComponentEvent
processContainerEvent
prssFocusEvent
ActionEvent
AdjustmentEvent
ComponentEvent
ContainerEvent
FocusEvent
enableEvents
(
AWTEvent)
ACTION_EVENT_MASK
ADJUSTMENT_EVENT_MASK
COMPONENT_EVENT_MASK
CONTAINER_EVENT_MASK
FOCUS EVENT MASK
412
11. ,
. 11.2
processItemEvent
ITEM_EVENT_MASK
ItemEvent
processKeyEvent
KeyEvent
KEY_EVENT_MASK
prccessMouseEvent
MouseEvent
MOUSE_EVENT_MASK
prssMouseMotionEvent
MouseEvent
MOUSE_MOTION_EVENT_MASK
processTextEvent
TextEvent
TEXT__EVENT_MASK
processWindowEvent
WindowEvent
WINDOW EVENT MASK
11.7.
11.9 ,
; .
: ,
( ,
), , ( )
), , , <Enter>
. (
k e y T y p e d K e y A d a p t e r ) ,

. <Enter> (
a c t i o n P e f o r m e d ,
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r )
, .
\' ( f o c u s G a i n e d F o c u s A d a p t e r )
. 11.10 ,
, . 11.4 .
1 1 . 9 .
import
import
LanguageField.Java
java.awt.^;
Java.awt.event.*;
/ * * T e x t F i e l d ,
*
*
.
V
public class LanguageField extends TextField {
private String[] substrings =
{ "", "J", "Ja", "Jav", "Java" };
public LanguageField() {
addKeyListener(new SpellingCorrector ());
addActionListener(new WordCompleter());
addFocusListener(new SubliminalAdvertiser());
11.7.
// .
private void setCaretO {
setCaretPosition(5);
}
// , .
private class SpellingCorrector extends KeyAdapter {
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent event) {
setLanguage();
setCaret();
}
// ,
// ,
// .
private void setLanguage() {
int length = getText().length();
if (length <= 4) {
setText(substrings[length]);
} else {
setText("Java");
}
setCaret();
}
// ,
// .
private class WordCompleter implements ActionListener {
// <Return> .
setText("Java");
setCaret();
}
}
// , .
private class SubliminalAdvertiser extends FocusAdapter {
public void focusGained(FocusEvent event) {
String text = getText();
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
setText("Hint: Java");
setText(text);
413
414
1 1 . ,
11.10. JavaTextField. Java

import java.awt.*;
/'^* <></>
* .
public class JavaTextField extends Applet {

public void initO {
setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 14));
setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));
add(new Label("Enter a Good Programming Language",
Label.CENTER));
LanguageField langField = new LanguageField();
Font langFont = new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, IE
langField.setFont(langFont);
add(langField);
}
}
H,tiHiflTlil'l'H'Hi'iika,
1^1-1|
Choose a Language, Any Language
J:
i^HyCompulef
. 11.4. JavaTextField
"C#"
11.8. " "

11.11 ,
. ,
, ,
, . ,
. 11.5 ,
, , .
11.8. " "
11.11.SimpleWhiteboard.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** , . */
public class SimpleWhiteboard extends Applet {
protected int lastX=0, lastY=0;
public void initO {
setBackground(Color.white) ;
addMouseListener(new PositionRecorder());
addMouseMotionListener(new LineDrawer());
protected void record(int x, int y) {
lastX = x;
lastY = y;
}
// ,
// .
private class PositionRecorder extends MouseAdapter {
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {
requestFocus();
record(event.getX(), event.getY());
}
record(event.getX(), event.getY());
}
}
//
// .
private class LineDrawer extends MouseMotionAdapter {
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) {
int X = event.getX0;
int = event.getY0;
Graphics g = getOraphics();
g.drawLine(lastX, lastY, x, y) ;
record(x, y ) ;
}
}
415
416
1 1 . ,
1- SifMite Whiteboard Applet - Netscape
^' /
"^
"^
{!31
3 :0 .:^. ^1 1^^' 1 1'
SI
Simple Whiteboard Applet

I
[ID
^_
i # = ^
"'
Ai^JtetS^rfeWhfteboafdrynntnQ
^,. . ^ ........ J
; >,^
J ^
^/^
. 71.5.

'^ "
, . 11.5,
, ,
, . ( 11.12) .
keyTyped (
i n t ) , ,
. . 11.6.
11.12. Whiteboard.Java
/ '' "
* .
p u b l i c c l a s s Whiteboard extends SimpleWhiteboard
p r o t e c t e d FontMetrics fm;
p u b l i c void i n i t O {
super.init();
Font font = new F o n t ( " S e r i f " , Font.BOLD, 2 0 ) ;
setFont(font);
fm = g e t F o n t M e t r i c s ( f o n t ) ;
addKeyListener(new CharDrawer());
11-9.
417
private class CharDrawer extends KeyAdapter {

// , , ,
// .
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent event) {
String s = String.valueOf(event.getKeyChar0);
getGraphics().drawstring(s, lastX, lastY);
record(lastX + fm.stringWidth(s), lastY);
}
^WMeboarid Applet - Nelscape

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<
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ô
w!(Ttum:at.O(
1 :^ ^1 j^. ~s : ;3 13
Whiteboard Applet
1
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29
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Park
Here
Pond
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A { 4 ^ V4)itbud {unnng
. 11.6. :

11.9.
, , ,
.
. ,
( , , .). ,
, , .
, , ,
, . 16
, .
,
. 13, AWT,
,
. ,
. 17.
...

.
FlowLayout.
BorderLayout.
GridLayout.
CardLayout.
GridBagLayout.
BoxLayout.
.
.
S1/\ZJ^:EJ
C o n t a i n e r
, (layout manager).

.
. , ,
,
. ,
Web- .
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,

. Java ,
.

, s e t L a y o u t ( ,
), add
.
i n i t .
.
AWT: FlowLayout,
BorderLayout, GridLayout, CardLayout GridBagLayout, a
BoxLayout, Swing.

.
420
12.
1 2 . 1 . FlowLayout
F l o w L a y o u t
, .
, .. ,
. ,
.
,
. F l o w L a y o u t ,
, .
F l o w L a y o u t P a n e l , J P a n e l A p p l e t .
12.1 , .
, .
. 12.1, ,
, . F l o w L a y o u t
A p p l e t ,
s e t L a y o u t . , ,
s e t L a y o u t (new F l o w L a y o u t () ),
F l o w L a y o u t .
1 2 . 1 . FlowTGSt.Java
/** FlowLayout
.
V
p u b l i c c l a s s FlowTest extends Applet {
f o r ( i n t i = l ; i<6; i++) {
add(new Button ("Button " -f- i) ) ;
}
}
}
Ap0et
Button 1 I Button 2 1 Buttons I Button 4 I
. 12.1. FlowLayout
.
,

1 2 . 1 . FlowLayout
421
FlowLayout
public FlowLayoutO
F l o w L a y o u t ,
,
, .
public FlowLayout(int alignment)
F l o w L a y o u t
, .
F l o w L a y o u t .LEFT, F l o w L a y o u t . RIGHT
F l o w L a y o u t .CENTER.
.
public FlowLayout(int a l i g n m e n t , int hGap, int vGap)
F l o w L a y o u t
. hGap ,
vGap .
FlowLayout
F l o w L a y o u t )^ .
public int getAlignmentO
public void setAlignment(int alignment)
.
, F l o w L a y o u t .LEFT,
FlowLayout.RIGHT FlowLayout.CENTER.
public int getHgapO
public void setHgap(int hGap)
.
5.
public int getVgapO
p u b l i c void setVgap(int vGap)
.
5.
F l o w L a y o u t , P a n e l ,
( s t a t i c ) . ,
, .
,
F l o w L a y o u t , f i n a l , ,
. ,
422
12.
. , f i n a l ,
. ,
, :
P a n e l = new P a n e l ( ) ;
p.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,10,5));
, , .
Panel = new Panel();
FlowLayout layout = (FlowLayout)p.getLayout();
layout.setHgap(10);
Ha , ,
, , ,
. , F l o w L a y o u t ,
10.
12.2. BorderLayout
B o r d e r L a y o u t
NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST CENTER.
a d d , .
, ), ,
.
a d d ( b u t t o n F o r T o p , BorderLayout.NORTH);
a d d ( s c r o l l b a r F o r R i g h t S i d e , BorderLayout.EAST);
a d d ( p a n e l F o r R e m a i n i n g S p a c e , BorderLayout.CENTER);
.
, NORTH SOUTH,
:
, , . ,
, EAST WEST,
,
, , NORTH SOUTH.
, CENTER, ,
. B o r d e r L a y o u t
, 0.
B o r d e r L a y o u t Frame, D i a l o g
Window, J A p p l e t , J F r a m e , J D i a l o g JWindow.
12.2 ,
B o r d e r L a y o u t . , ,
. , , F l o w L a y o u t ,
.
1 2 . 2 . BorderLayout
423
12.2. BoiTderTest. Java

import Java, applît. Applet;
import j ava. awt. '';
/** BorderLayout.
public class BorderTest extends Applet {
public void initO {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new Button("Button 1"), BorderLayout.NORTH);
add(new Button("Button 2"), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(new Button("Button 3"), BorderLayout.EAST);
add(new Button("Button 4"), BorderLayout.WEST);
add(new Button("Button
), BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
^l4VI-)Hiyii;Hfr!l'!1tfPffiffMllirlgRl
ali$
B)toft4
'
8lton5
${)|
Applet started
. 12.2.
BorderLayout
BorderLayout .

add(component,BorderLayout.REGION);

add(component);
,
CENTER .
( ).
.
!
,
CENTER
, BorderLayout
.
.
, Panel
.
424
1 2 .

.
,
Panel
.
BorderLayout
public BorderLayoutO
B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
.
public BorderLayout(int h G a p , int vGap)
B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
WEST CENTER, CENTER EAST hGap. ,
NORTH CENTER, CENTER SOUTH vGap.
BorderLayout
Frame D i a l o g ,
, s e t H g a p
s e t V g a p , g e t L a y o u t .
, B o r d e r L a y o u t .
J F r a m e ,
JApplet,JWindow JDialog.
public int getHgapO

.
public int getVgapO
public void setVgap(int vGap)

.
public float getLayoutAlignmentX(Container )
public float getLayoutAlignmentY(Container )
.
13.
12.3. GridLayout
425
12.3. GridLayout
G r i d L a y o u t ,
. , .
;
, . ,
. G r i d L a y o u t
.
12.3 .
; .
. 12.3.
12.3. G r i d T e s t . J a v a
i m p o r t J a v a , a p p l e t .Appletsimport ja'va.awt.*;
/ * * G r i d L a y o u t .
*/
public c l a s s GridTest extends Applet {

s e t L a y o u t ( n e w G r i d L a y o u t ( 2 , 3 ) ) ; / / 2 rows, 3 c o l s
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n O n e " ) ) ;
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n T w o " ) ) ;
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n T h r e e " ) ) <
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n F o u r " ) ) ;
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n F i v e " ) ) ;
add(new B u t t o n ( " B u t t o n S i x " ) ) ;
}
i-Haii,!gy>"-'-'H
Applet
Buttor One
8<Jttftn Two
Button Four
Button Five
Button Three 1
Bunof) Stx
Applet started.
. 12.3.
G r i d L a y o u t

GridLayout
public GridLayout()
,
. .
public GridLayout(int rows, int cols)
G r i d L a y o u t ,
. -
426
12.
. rows c o l s ( )
0. rows , Java
,
( ) . , c o l s
, ,
.
, 12.4. ,
. 12.4, 11 ,
, .
W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s . Java 14.1.
1 2 . 4 . E l e v e n B u t t o n s . J a v a
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
,
.
(
2), ,

.
public class ElevenButtons extends JPanel {

public ElevenButtons(int numRows) {
setLayout(new GridLayout(numRows, 0));
for(int i=0; i<ll; i++) {
add(new JButton("Button " + i));
}
}
int numRows = 2;
numRows = Integer.parseint(args[0]);
}
String title = "11 Buttons using GridLayout(" +
numRows + " , 0 ) . " ;
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new ElevenButtons(numRows),
550, 200, title);
12.4. CardLayout
1 ^ 1 1 Button 1jsing G riciLwout(2>0l.
If
1
1
1
1 Sutton 0 1
427
ws-'^mmmi
Stittonl
Bvm\2
Button 3
&ulton4
Sutton r
e^ttons '
Buttond
. SuttonIO
BtittonS
SunonS
. 12.4.

,

public GridLayout(int rows, int c o l s , int hGap, int vGap)

,
,
hGap vGap. r o w s c o l s 0.
" " ,
.
GridLayout
public int getRowsO
p u b l i c void setRows(int rows)
.
public int getColumns()
p u b l i c void s e t C o l u m n s ( i n t cols)
.
p u b l i c int getHgapO
p u b l i c void setHgap(int hGap)
.
p u b l i c int getVgapO
.
12.4. CardLayout
C a r d L a y o u t (
) ,
.
C a r d L a y o u t ,
.
428
12.
Panel cardPanel;
CardLayout layout;
layout = new CardLayout{);
cardPanel.setLayout(layout);
.
, , .
cardPanel.add(component1, "Card 1");
cardPanel.add(component2, "Card 2");
, .
, ,
. show,
, f i r s t , l a s t ,
p r e v i o u s n e x t . )^ )^
, , :
layout.show(cardPanel, "Card 1");
layout.first(cardPanel);
layout.next(cardPanel);
, 12.5. Panel, CardLayout, ,
. Panel CardPanel
( 12.6), , , Label
ImageLabel ( ImageLabel. Java
http://www.corewebprogramming.com/). ImageLabel
. ,
. . 12.5.
12.5.CardDemo.Java
import java.awt.*;
/^*
*
*
*
*
*
CardLayout.
Panel,
CardLayout
( CardPanel,
).
, .
public class CardDemo extends Applet implements ActionListener {

private Button first, last, previous, next;
private String[] cardLabels = { "Jack","Queen","King","Ace" };
private CardPanel[] cardPanels = new CardPanel[4];
private CardLayout layout;
private Panel cardDisplayPanel;
12.4. CardLayout
public void initO {

addButtonPanel();
addCardDisplayPanel();
}
private void addButtonPanel() {
Panel buttonPanel = new PanelO;
buttonPanel,setLayout(new GridLayout(9^ 1));
Font buttonFont = new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 18);
buttonPanel.setFont(buttonFont);
for(int i=0; i<cardLabels.length; i++) {
Button button = new Button(cardLabels[i]);
button.addActionListener(this);
buttonPanel.add(button);
}
first = new ButtonC'First") ;
first.addActionListener(this);
last = new Button("Last");
last.addActionListener(this);
previous = new Button("Previous");
previous.addActionListener(this);
next = new Button("Next");
next.addActionListener(this);
buttonPanel. add (new Label ("
", Label. CENTER) )
buttonPanel.add(first);
buttonPanel.add(last);
buttonPanel.add(previous);
buttonPanel. add (next) .;
add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
}
private void addCardDisplayPanel() {
cardDisplayPanel = new PanelO;
layout = new CardLayout();
cardDisplayPanel.setLayout(layout);
String cardName;
for(int i=0; i<cardLabels.length; i++) {
cardName = cardLabels[i];
cardPanels[i] =
new CardPanel(cardName, getCodeBase(),
"images/" + cardName + ".gif");
cardDisplayPanel.add(cardPanels[i], cardName);
}
add(cardDisplayPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
Button source = (Button)event.getSource();
if (source == first)
layout.first(cardDisplayPanel);
else if (source == last)
layout.last(cardDisplayPanel);
else if (source == previous)
layout.previous(cardDisplayPanel);
else if (source == next)
430
12.
layout.next(cardDisplayPanel);
else
layout.show(cardDisplayPanel, source.getLeUDel0);
return;
}
}
12.6.CardPanel.Java
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
/**
*
*
*
, .
<></> CardLayout. CardPanel
^
CardLayout.
V
public class CardPanel extends Panel {
private Label name;
private ImageLabel picture;
public CardPanel(String cardName,
URL directory, String imageFile) {
name = new Label(cardName, Label.CENTER);
name.setFont(new Font("Sanserif", Font.BOLD, 50));
add(name, BorderLayout.NORTH);
picture = new ImageLabel(directory, imageFile);
Panel picturePanel = new Panel ();
picturePanel.add(picture);
add(picturePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(getPreferredSize());
}
public Label getLabelO {
return(name);
}
public ImageLabel getlmageLabel () {
return(picture);
}
}
12.4. CardLayout
431
\
Applet
__^
yiie^si
Jack
1
'1
King
AC
III ^^^ 1
first
Last
Prviii$
Nesd;
Ljji
Applet started.
. 12.5. CardLayout

CardLayout
public CardLayoutO
CardLayout,
.
public CardLayout(int sideMargins, int topMargins)
CardLayout,
.
CardLayout
CardLayout . ,
C o n t a i n e r , CardLayout, .
public void show(Container , String cardName)
,
.
public void first(Container )
public void last(Container )
,
.
432
12.
public void previous(Container )

public void next(Container )

. a d d ,
,
, .
public int getHgapO
,
.
g e t S i d e M a r g i n s s e t S i d e M a r g i n s ,
, .
public int getVgapO
,
.
g e t T o p M a r g i n s s e t T o p M a r g i n s , ,
.
.
13.2.
12.5. GridBagLayout
G r i d B a g L a y o u t
. ,
G r i d B a g L a y o u t .
, ,
.
.
1, G r i d B a g L a y o u t , .

G r i d B a g L a y o u t l a y o u t = new G r i d B a g L a y o u t ( ) ;
setLayout(layout) ;
G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s
GridBagConstraints c o n s t r a i n t s =
new G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s ( ) ;
12.5. GridBagLayout
433
G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s
constraints.gridx = xl;
constraints.gridy = yl;
constraints.gridwidth = widthl;
constraints.gridheight = heightl;

add(component1, c o n s t r a i n t s ) ;

GridBagConstraints
, , G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s , . )^ add
G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s . add G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s ,
Component .
Tiacce G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s ; . GridBagConsta i n t s .
public int gridx
public int gridy
.
public int gridwidth
public int gridheight
, .
,
; GridBagLayout .
g r i d w i d t h g r i d h e i g h t G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s .
RELATIVE, ,
. ,
G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s . REMAINDER
. , 1.
public int anchor
f i l l G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s .NONE, anchor
. ,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER. GridBagConstraints.NORTH, G r i d
B a g C o n s t r a i n t s .NORTHEAST, GridBagConstraints.EAST, GridBagConstra
i n t s .SOUTHEAST, GridBagConstraints.SOUTH, GridBagConstraints.SOUTH-
434
12.
WEST, GridBagConstraints.WEST GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST

.
public int fill

. f i l l ,
, . GridBagConst
r a i n t s .NONE ( ) ,
. G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s . HORIZONTAL ,
, . G r i d
B a g C o n s t r a i n t s .VERTICAL , ,
. G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s . BOTH ,
, .
public Insets insets
I n s e t s , .
I n s e t s ,
, [ .
p u b l i c I n s e t s ( i n t t o p , i n t l e f t , i n t bottom, i n t r i g h t )
public int ipadx
public int ipady
,
. .
public double weightx
public double weighty
,
X ,
. 0.0 ,
. 100.0 ,
,
100.0.
GridBagLayout
, . 12.6.
(JTextArea J t e x t f i e l d ) .
, , ,
.
, . ,
.
. ,
GridBagLayout.
12.5. GridBagLayout
435
\
0
V
1 [
^ (1
Z)\
(^ J (^ ) (^ ) |
. 12.6.
,
12.7 ,
.
G r i d B a g C o n t r a i n t s ,
G r i d B a g L a y o u t . G r i d B a g C o n t r a i n t s
,
. .
G r i d B a g L a y o u t G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s
( ) H a s h t a b l e ,
p r i v a t e . Component.
,
GridBagContraints.

G r i d B a g L a y o u t . , , ,
, , ,
.

( "" ).
Box ( = 1 , =2). ,
, 1 .
Box 1 ,

. 2
3, Exit , . 12.8.
,
.
1 2 . 7 . G r i d B a g T e s t . J a v a
import
import
import
import
import
/'
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
java.util.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.border.*;
, GridBagLayout
436
*
*
12.
^/
public class GridBagTest extends JPanel {
private JTextArea textArea;
private JButton bSaveAs, bOk^ bExit;
private JTextField fileField;
private GridBagConstraints c;
public GridBagTest0 {
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());
textArea = new JTextArea(12,40); // 12 rows, 40 cols
bSaveAs = new JButton("Save A s " ) ;
fileField = new JTextField("C:WDocument.txt");
bOk = new JButton("OK");
bExit = new JButton("Exit");
= new GridBagConstraints0;
// .
.gridx
= ;
c.gridy
= 0;
.gridwidth
= GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
.gridheight = 1;
.weightx
= 1.0;
.weighty
= 1.0;
.fill
= GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
c.insets
= new Insets(2,2,2,2); //t,l,b,r
add(textArea,c);
// Save A s .
.gridx
=
.gridy
=
.gridwidth =
.gridheight =
.weightx
=
.weighty
=
.fill
=
=
id(bSaveAs, c)
0;
1;
1;
1;
0. 0
0. 0
Gi
GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
ri<
.
// .
.gridx
= 1;
.gridwidth
= GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
.gridheight = 1;
.weightx
= 1.0;
.weighty
= 0.0;
c.fill
= GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
add(fileField, c) ;
// OK.
.gridx
= 2;
c.gridy++;
12.5. GridBagLayout
.gridwidth = 1;
c.gridheight = 1;
.weightx
= 0.0;
.weighty
= 0.0;
.fill
= GridBagConstraints.NONE;
add(bOk,c) ;
// Exit.
c.gridx
= 3;
c.gridwidth = 1;
c.gridheight = 1;
.weightx
= 0.0;
.weighty
= 0.0;
c.fill
= GridBagConstraints.NONE;
add(bExit,c);
// , ,
// 1 .
Component filler = Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(1,1))
c.gridx
=1;
.weightx
= 1.0;
add(filler,c);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("GrigBagLayout Test");
frame.setContentPane(new GridBagTest());
frame.addWindowListener(new ExitListener());
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
I^GiigBagLayoul Test
. :;: ;:;|12|
Save As
jCADocunfior.tM
Himfflfiffllff!
Save As
OK 1 P ^ 11
. 12.7. GridBag
Cons t r a i n t s ,

,

I CADocumentt4l
OK I
. 12.8.
GridBag
Layout, 1
Box
437
438
12.
GridBagLayout
p u b l i c GridBagLayoutO
G r i d B a g
Constraints.
GridBagLayout
p u b l i c GridBagConstraints g e t C o n s t r a i n t s ( C o m p o n e n t )
G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s ,
.
.
13.2.
public int[ ][ ] getLayoutDimensionsO
g e t L a y o u t D i m e n s i o n s ,
.
p u b l i c P o i n t getLayoutOrigin()
.
public d o u b l e [ ][ ] getLayoutWeights()
g e t L a y o u t W e i g h t s w e i g h t x w e i g h t y .
public v o i d s e t C o n s t r a i n t s ( C o m p o n e n t c o m p o n e n t , GridBagConstraints
constraints)
.
,
. , ,
container.add(component);
layout.setConstraints(constraints);

container.add(component, constraints);
12.6. BoxLayout
439
12.6. BoxLayout
B o x L a y o u t , Swing.
( B o x L a y o u t . X A X I S )
( B o x L a y o u t . Y A X I S ) . B o x L a y o u t ,
:
.
.
B o x L a y o u t
( ) (
). ,
, B o x L a y o u t
. (
), B o x L a y o u t
, .
, B o x L a y o u t
. ,
BoxLayout .
,
, .
"" Swing-,
J C o m p o n e n t , O.Of
l.Of, 0.0 , ,
1.0 . ,
Component ,
: C o m p o n e n t . LEFT_ALIGNMENT (0.0), Component .CENTER_ALIGNMENT
(0.5), C o m p o n e n t . RIGHT_ALIGNMENT (1.0), Component .TOP_ALIGNMENT (0.0)
C o m p o n e n t . BOTTOM_ALIGNMENT (1.0). B o x L a y o u t ,
J C o m p o n e n t
, : .
JComponent.setAlignmentX(Component.Xxx_ALIGNMENT);
JComponent.setAlignmentY(Component.Xxx_ALIGNMENT);
Swing-
(Component .CENTER_ALIGNMENT). J B u t t o n ,
JComboBox, J L a b e l JMenu
( C o m p o n e n t . LEFT_ALIGNMENT).
B o x L a y o u t
( B o x L a y o u t . Y_AXIS) 12.8.

. .
,
(
r e v a l i d a t e ) . .
440
12.
12.8. BoxLayoutTest. Java

import java.awt.*;
/** BoxLayout. */
public class BoxLayoutTest extends Jpanel
implements ActionListener{
BoxLayout layout;
JButton topButton, middleButton, bottomButton;
public BoxLayoutTest() {
layout = new BoxLayout (this, BoxLayout .Y__AXIS) ;
s e tLayou t (1 ayou t) ;
JLabel label = new JLabel("BoxLayout
Demo");
topButton = new JButton("Left A l i g n m e n t " ) ;

middleButton = new JButton("Center A l i g n m e n t " ) ;
bottomButton = new JButton("Right A l i g n m e n t " ) ;
topButton.addActionListener(this);
middleButton.addActionListener(this) ;
bottomButton.addActionListener(this);
add(label);
add(topButton);
add(middleButton);
add(bottomButton);
}
if (event.getSource() == topButton) {
refresh (Component. LEFT__ALIGNMENT) ;
} else if (event.getSource() == middleButton) {
refresh (Component. CENTER__ALIGNMENT) ;
} else if (event.getSource() == bottomButton) {
refresh(Component.RIGHT_ALIGNMENT);
}
}
private void refresh(float a l i g n m e n t ) !
topButton.setAlignmentX(alignment);
middleButton.setAlignmentX(alignment);
bottomButton. setAlignmentX (alignment) ;
revalidate();
System.out.println("x: "+layout.getLayoutAlignmentX(this));
}
WindowUtilities.OpenlnJFrame(new BoxLayoutTest(), 300, 135,
"BoxLayoutTest");
12.6. BoxLayout
441
. 12.9 , B o x L a y o u t
Left Alignment Right Alignment.
, ,
.
. 12.9,
. . 12.9,6 ,
- .
,
;
. (0.0 1.0)
, "" .
0% ( 0.0)
100% ( 1.0). ""
,
. ,
. 12.9,
B o x L a y o u t .
^::.:].||>
llllllll^
BoxLayout Demo
BoxLayout Demo
|Lj-E!:^^?P'!*^j|
Center Mgnment
LeftAiignment
Center Alignment
f Rigiit Alignment '
Right îgnment
()
(6)
. 12.9. (a) BoxLayout,

0.0 (
); ()
BoxLayout, 0.0,
1.0
B o x L a y o u t
. ,
(,
I n t e g e r . MAX_VALUE), .
,
( 0.0)
( 1.0), .

, .
,
B o x L a y o u t .
:
component.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(width,
height));
Bee
.
442
1 2 .
BoxLayout
BoxLayout .
public BoxLayout(Container container, int axis)
, ,
C o n t a i n e r , BoxLayout. C o n t a i n e r
, p r i v a t e ,
BoxLayout. , BoxLayout
. a x i s
: BoxLayout .XAXIS
( ), BoxLayout. Y_AXIS ( ).
!
,
BoxLayout
.
BoxLayout
BoxLayout.
public Dimension preferredLayoutSize(Container container)
public Dimension minimumLayoutSize(Container container)
public Dimension maximumLayoutSize(Container container)
,
, ,
.
public float getLayoutAlignmentX(Container container)
public float getLayoutAlignmentY(Container container)

( )
. O.Of l.Of.
13.2.
public void layoutContainer(Container container)

, s e t Bounds.
public void invalidateLayout(container container)
,
.
12.7.
443
, Swing Box,
BoxLayout. Box
BoxLayout .XAXIS
BoxLayout .YAXIS . Box
.
12.7.

. , ,
, . ;
, ,
. n u l l ,
.
s e t S i z e (width,
height),
s e t L o c a t i o n ( l e f t , top) s e t B o u n d s ( l e f t , t o p , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) .
, , Frame JFrame
s e t S i z e s e t Bounds.
s u p e r . s e t S i z e s u p e r . setBounds,
.

,
(, ),
.
12.9, . 12.10.
,
.
.
12.9. N u l l T e s t . J a v a
/**
*
*
*
,
<> </> .
,
setLayout n u l l .
public c l a s s NullTest extends Applet {

setLayout(null);
Button bl = new Button("Button 1")
Button b2 = new Button("Button 2")
444
12.
bl.setBounds(, , 150, 50);

b2.setBounds(150, , 75, 50);
b3.setBounds(225, , 75, 50);
b4.setBounds(25, 60, 100, 40);
b5.setBounds(175, 60, 100, 40) ;
add(bl)
add(b2)
add(b3)
add(b4)
add(b5)
Applet Viewer: NuliTest.class
Apple
Sutton 2
Applet started.
Button 3
. 12.10.
n u l l ,

12.8.

, ,
. Java-
, ,
. , , G r i d B a g L a y o u t
.
,
.

,

. " ".

.

,
.
12.8.
445

,
, .

,
, .

.

. G r i d B a g L a y o u t
, 12.10 ,
,
, .
. 12.11
. ,
, .
G r i d L a y o u t
.
B o r d e r L a y o u t NORTH SOUTH
, EAST WEST . CENTER
, .

, , . 12.11.
, )'
; .
.
,
. ,
B o r d e r L a y o u t , EAST, NORTH WEST .
, ,
J P a n e l G r i d L a y o u t ,
. 11 JPan3l,
.
J P a n e l , . Save As
( J B u t t o n )
J P a n e l . , ,
B o r d e r L a y o u t . F l o w L a y o u t , J P a n e l
, ,
. ,
J P a n e l F l o w L a y o u t F l o w L a y o u t .
RIGHT.
446
12.
. , ,
, , 12.7,
GridBagLayout.
. 12.12.
IBorderLayout
FlowLayout
GridLayout
. 12.11.

12.10.NestedLayout.Java
import
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
java.util.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.event.*;
/** ,
* 1^.
public class NestedLayout extends JPanel {
private JTextArea textArea;
private JButton bSaveAs, bOk, bExit;
private JTextField fileField;
public NestedLayout() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout(2,2));
setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder0);
textArea = new JTextArea(12,40); // 12 , 40
bSaveAs = new JButton("Save A s " ) ;
fileField = new JTextField("C:WDocument.txt");
bOk = new JButton("OK");
bExit = new JButton("Exit") ;
12.8.
add(textArea,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//
/ / .
JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanelO;
bottomPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel subPanell = new JPanelO;
JPanel subPanel2 = new JPanelO;
siibPanell. setLayout (new BorderLayout ()) ;
subPanel2.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT,2,2))
subPanell.add(bSaveAs,BorderLayout.WEST) ;
subPanell.add(fileField,BorderLayout.CENTER);
subPanel2.add(bOk) ;
subPanel2.add(bExit);
bottomPanel.add(subPanell);
bottomPanel.add(subPanel2);
add(bottomPanel,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Nested Containers")
frame.setContentPane(new NestedLayout());
frame.pack();
frame.setvisible(true) ;
}
|11|||:||||:1.1|(1
;|
^^^jlljlll IMili ||1|
. 12.12.

447
448
12.

,
.
, , ,
,
( Label).
, 4 0 % (
). ,
Panel setBounds;
( 12.1).
Panel ,
(. 12.13).
12.11.ButtonCol.Java
import java.awt.*;
/*^
*
*
*
*
*

.
, .

, ,
.
public class ButtonCol extends Applet {

public void initO {
setLayout(null);
int widthl = getSize0 .width*4/10,
width2 = getSize0 .width - widthl,
height = getSize().height;
Panel buttonPanel = new Panel();
buttonPanel.setBounds(0, 0, widthl, height);
buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(6, 1));
buttonPanel.add(new Label("Buttons", Label.CENTER));
buttonPanel.add(new Button("Button One"));
buttonPanel.add(new Button("Button Two"));
buttonPanel.add(new Button("Button Three"));
buttonPanel.add(new Button("Button Four"));
buttonPanel.add(new Button("Button Five"));
add(buttonPanel);
Panel everythingElse = new Panel();
everythingElse.setBounds(widthl+1, 0, width2, height);
everythingElse.add(new Label("Everything Else"));
add(everythingElse);
12.8.
449
^.||.1.!||^!1!|1!'|!'1?||1.^.|'
Buttons
Everything Else
Button One
BirttonTwo
Button four
ByttonFw
. 12.13.
,

AWT G r i d B a g L a y o u t ,
,
. G r i d B a g L a y o u t
i n s e t s i p a d x i p a d y G r i d B a g C o n s t r a i n t s .
i n s e t s
I n s e t s
. ;
, . I n s e t s
. ,
C o n t a i n e r ,
, ,
I n s e t s , (,
P a n e l ) g e t l n s e t s .
C a n v a s B o x
AWT C a n v a s , ,
, ""
, . C a n v a s
G r i d L a y o u t , G r i d B a g L a y o u t , B o x L a y o u t NORTH,SOUTH, EAST
WEST B o r d e r L a y o u t .
Swing-
Box. Box .
( B o x . c r e a t e R i g i d A r e a ) .
"" ,
, ( . C r e a t e H o r i z o n t a l S t r u t ) , ,
( B o x . C r e a t e H o r i z o n t a l S t r u t ) .
450
1 2 .
(Box. c r e a t e H o r i z o n t a l G l u e , B o x . c r e a t e V e r t i c a l G l u e ) ( B o x . c r e a t e G l u e )
, .
12.12 ,
"" .
J P a n e l s (
F l o w L a y o u t ) . .
. 12.14,
20x75 .
"" 60 .

, ,
F l o w L a y o u t Box.
, ,
B o x L a y o u t . , B o x L a y o u t ,
.
!

,
. ,
BoxLayout.
12.12.InvisibleComponentTest.Java
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
public class InvisibleComponentTest extends JPanel {
Component spacer;
public InvisibleComponentTest() {
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
//
// - 25
/ / 75 .
JPanel 1= new JPanel();
spacer = Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(20,75));
setUpPanel(pi, "Rigid Area - 20x75 pixels", spacer);
// ""
// 60 .
JPanel 2= new JPanel();
spacer = Box.createHorizontalStrut(60);
setUpPanel(p2, "Horizontal Strut - 60 pixels", spacer);
12.8.
// :
// FlowLayout .
JPanel = new JPanelO;
spacer = Box.createHorizontalGlue;
setUpPanel(, "Horizontal Glue - FlowLayout", spacer);
//
// .
// FlowLayout,
// JPanel BoxLayout.
JPanel 4= new JPanelO;
4.setLayout(new BoxLayout(p4,BoxLayout.X-AXIS));
spacer = Box.createHorizontalGlue0;
setUpPanel(p4, "Horizontal Glue - BoxLayout", spacer);
add(pi);
add(p2);
add(p3);
add{p4);
}
//
/ / .
private void setUpPanel(JPanel p, String title,
Component spacer) {
p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(),title,
TitledBorder.TOP,TitledBorder.CENTER));
.setBackground(Color.white);
.add(new JButton("Left"));
.add(spacer);
.add(new JButton("Right"));
}
String title = "Using Invisible Components";
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new InvisibleComponentTest(),
350, 325, title);
}
||||"^|ri|x|
Rigid Area - 20x75 pixels
ILSLJI
^'sht 1
Horizontal Strut- 60 pixels
iM 1
. R^ j
Horizontal Glue - FlowLayout
Left 1
mm 1
Horizontal Glue - BoxLayout
Left 1
Right 1
. 12.14. Box

451
452
12.
Box
Box ,
.
public static Component createRigidArea(Dimension size)
.
public static Component createHorizontalStrut(int width)
public static Component createVerticalStrut(int height)

.
.
public static Component createHorizontalGlue()
public static Component createVerticalGlue()
public static Component createGlue()
,
,
. ,
.
, S h o r t .MAX_VALUE. ,
BoxLayout, ,
.
12.9.
.
, ,
.
FlowLayout, BorderLayout, GridLayout, CardLayout
GridBagLayout. Java 2
BoxLayout.
, ,
,
.

. - . 13
, ,
.
AWT
...
Component.
"" .
: P a n e l i A p p l e t , Frame D i a l o g .
Frame ,
Frame.
,
.
Jy\ZJ^ZJ
Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT),

Java,
,
. Java 2 AWT Swing ( 14, 15). ,
Netscape 6 Swing.
, Swing, Netscape
Internet Explorer, Java Plug-In
Swing- JAR- .
, AWT,
,
. Java 1.1 AWT API Netscape 4.06 Internet Explorer 4, a
.
AWT ,
: C a n v a s , P a n e l , A p p l e t , S c r o l l P a n e , Frame, D i a l o g ,
F i l e D i a l o g Window. (, P a n e l S c r o l l P a n e )
, . ,
Frame D i a l o g ,
. A p p l e t ;
AWT .
Frame. ,
Swing, Frame
Java-. , Frame
, .
,
, , ,
. ,
Component C o n t a i n e r , .

, ,
456
13. AWT
: ,
, , , ,
, .
, ,
; ,
. , L i s t ItemSel e c t i o n E v e n t , S c r o l l b a r AdjustmentEvent.
.
AWT .
;
p a i n t )^ .
, .
. ,
, ,
. , ,
,
.
AWT
Component. "
", .. .
p a i n t ,
. "" ,
, .
1 3 . 1 . Canvas
Canvas ,
. Canvas
, . Canvas
. Canvas
.
1. . ,
, .
,
Canvas. ,
, p a i n t .
2. . ,
, ,
Canvas.
Canvas.
.
G r a p h i c s , g e t G r a p h i c s , ,
u p d a t e p a i n t Canvas .
, Canvas, ,
, r e p a i n t Canvas.
1 3 . 1 . Canvas
457
paint. Graphics
Canvas
C a n v a s .
Canvas c a n v a s = new C a n v a s ( ) ;
/ / C a n v a s ,
c a n v a s . s e t S i z e ( w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; / / ,
a d d ( c a n v a s ) ; / / Canvas .
/ / . . .
add(canvas, r e g i o n ) ;
C a n v a s 0x0 ,
, .
C a n v a s C e n t e r
B o r d e r L a y o u t .
!

Canvas.
,
Canvas
13.1 ,
C a n v a s . C a n v a s p a i n t ,
, ( 13.2), Java
. ,
C a n v a s .
C a n v a s .
. 13.1.
A p p l e t , .
. 12.
1 3 . 1 . C i r c l e . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
/** Circle, Canvas. */

public class Circle extends Canvas {
private int width, height;
public Circle(Color foreground, int radius) {
458
13. AWT
width = 2*radius;
height = 2*radius;
setSize(width, height);
g.fillOvaKO, 0, width, height);
public void setCenter(int x, int y) {
setLocation(x - width/2, - height/2);
13.2.CircleTest.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** , FlowLayout.
public class CircleTest extends Applet {
public void initO {
setBackground(Color.lightGray);
add(new Circle(Color.white, 30));
add(new Circle(Color.gray, 40));
add(new Circle(Color.black, 50));
}
}
Applet
Applet started.
. 13.1. Canvas

AWT
. , ;
. , 13.3,
. . 13.2, C a n v a s
. , ,
, ,
.
, .
1 3 . 1 . Canvas

AWT .
13.3. C i r c l e T e s t : 2 . j a v a
import java.awt.*;
/** ,
* . ,
* AWT- .
public class CircleTest2 extends Applet {

public void initO {
setLayout(null); // .
Circle circle;
int radius = getSize().width/6;
int deltaX = round(2.0 * (double)radius / Math.sqrt(2.0));
for (int x=radius; x<6*radius; x=x+deltaX) {
circle = new Circle(Color.black, radius);
add(circle);
circle.setCenter(x, x ) ;
}
}
private int round(double num) {
return((int)Math.round(num));
}
^ ^ A ^^- ^^ \
CircIeTest2
'i^^
"^)"
.
. 13.2. AWT

459
460
13. AWT
13.2. Component
AWT "" Component.
.
public v o i d a d d ( P o p u p M e n u m e n u )
public void r e m o v e ( M e n u C o m p o n e n t m e n u )
a d d PopupMenu.
; show PopupMenu.
r e m o v e .
public v o i d addNotifyO
public void removeNotifyO
a d d N o t i f y - ,
. - ,
- ,
s e t V i s i b l e .
s u p e r . a d d N o t i f y . r e m o v e N o t i f y -
.
. ,
createPeer destroyPeer.
public void addXxxListener(X)cxListener listener)
public v o i d removeXxxListener(Xxx;Listener listener)
.
: Component, F o c u s , I n p u t M e t h o d
(Java 2), Key, Mouse, M o u s e M o t i o n , P r o p e r t y C h a n g e (Java 2).
( ) . 11.5.
public b o o l e a n contains(int , int )
public b o o l e a n c o n t a i n s ( P o i n t p)
,
.
p r o t e c t e d final void d i s a b l e E v e n t s ( l o n g eventsToDisable)
p r o t e c t e d final void e n a b l e E v e n t s ( l o n g eventsToEnable)
d i s a b l e E v e n t s , a e n a b l e E v e n t s
. ()
AWT E v e n t .
public final void dispatchEvent(AWTEvent event)

.
13.2. Component
461
protected void firePropertyChange(String propertyName,

Object oldValue,
Object newValue) [Java 2]
f i r e P r o p e r t y C h a n g e PropertyChangeEvent
. P r o p e r t y C h a n g e Listener.
public float getAlignmentXO
public float getAlignmentYO

. O.Of , ( )
( ). 0.5f
. 1.Of , ( )
( ).

0.5f Component
: TOP_ALIGNMENT (O.Of), CENTER_ALIGNMENT (0.5f),
BOTTOM_ALIGNMENT (l.Of), LEFT_ALIGNMENT (O.Of) RIGHT_ALIGNMENT (l.Of).
public Color getBackgroundO
public void setBackground(Color bgColor)
getBackground , a setBackground
.
public Rectangle getBounds()
public void setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int height)
public void setBounds(Rectangle boundingRectangle)
getBounds Rectangle, .
R e c t a n g l e , , , width
h e i g h t . setBounds ,
. setBounds s e t S i z e s e t L o c a t i o n .
public Component getComponentAt(int x, int y)
public Component getComponentAt(Point p)
""
. ,
, .
, n u l l .
public
public
Cursor getCursor()
void setCursor(Cursor cursor)
g e t C u r s o r . s e t C u r s o r
. Cursor, -
462
13. AWT
C u r s o r . g e t P r e d e f i n e d C u r s o r ( t y p e ) ,
type

Cursor:
CROSSHAIR_CURSOR,
DEFAULT_CURSOR,
E_RESIZE_CURSOR,
HAND_CURSOR,
MOVE_CURSOR, N_RESIZE_CURSOR, NE_RESIZE_CURSOR, NW_RESIZE_CURSOR,
S_RESIZE_CURSOR, SE_RESIZE_CURSOR, SW_RESIZE_CURSOR, TEXT_CURSOR,
W_RESIZE_CURSORWAIT_CURSOR.
public Font getFont()
public void s e t F o n t ( F o n t f)
g e t F o n t ,
s e t F o n t . G r a p h i c s ,
p a i n t u p d a t e , .
public F o n t M e t r i c s g e t F o n t M e t r i c s ( F o n t f)
g e t F o n t M e t r i c s F o n t M e t r i c s ,
. F o n t M e t r i c s
, .
public Color g e t F o r e g r o u n d ( )
public void s e t F o r e g r o u n d ( C o l o r fgColor)

. G r a p h i c s .
public Graphics getGraphics()
g e t G r a p h i c s G r a p h i c s ,
, .
G r a p h i c s , .
public P o i n t getLocationO
public void setLocation(int x, int y)
public void s e t L o c a t i o n ( F o i n t p)
g e t L o c a t i o n P o i n t ( x ),

.
g e t L o c a t i o n O n S c r e e n . s e t L o c a t i o n
,
. ,
.
public Point getLocationOnScreen()

. .
.
13.2. Component
463
public Dimension getMinimumSize()

p u b l i c D i m e n s i o n getMaximumSize()
p u b l i c D i m e n s i o n getPreferredSizeO
D i m e n s i o n ( , , w i d t h
h e i g h t ) , ,
. ,
.
p u b l i c Container getParent()
g e t P a r e n t (
Component , n u l l ) .
Frame
p u b l i c D i m e n s i o n getSize()
public void setSize(int w i d t h , int height)
p u b l i c void s e t S i z e ( D i m e n s i o n d)
g e t S i z e Dimension,
w i d t h h e i g h t . s e t S i z e ,
s e t B o u n d s . s e t B o u n d s
, .
p u b l i c Toolkit getToolkit()
T o o l k i t ,
( g e t l m a g e ) , ( g e t F o n t L i s t ) ,
( g e t S c r e e n S i z e ) , ( g e t S c r e e n R e s o l u t i o n ) ..
p u b l i c void invalidateO
p u b l i c void validateO
i n v a l i d a t e , ,

. v a l i d a t e
C o n t a i n e r
.
p u b l i c b o o l e a n isEnabled()
i s E n a b l e d , (.
s e t E n a b l e d ) .
p u b l i c b o o l e a n isFocusTraversable()
i s F o c u s T r a v e r s a b l e ,
<> <Shift+Tab>.
f a l s e , , ,
r e q u e s t F o c u s .
464
1 3 . AWT
public boolean isShowingO

public boolean isVisible()
i s Showing ,
, . i s V i s i b l e ,
. i s V i s i b l e
t r u e , ;
, .
public boolean isValid()
i s V a l i d , (.
v a l i d a t e i n v a l i d a t e ) .
public void list()
public void list(PrintStream stream)
public void list(PrintStream stream, int indentation)
public void list(PrintWriter writer)
public void list(PrintWriter writer, int indentation)
,
.
.
, , l i s t
, .

list
, ,

.

p a i n t r e p a i n t ,
.
p a i n t .
, G r a p h i c s ,
.
public void paintAll(Graphics g)
,
.
13.2. Component
465
public boolean preparelmage(lmage image,

ImageObserver observer)
public boolean preparelmage(lmage image, int width,
int height,
ImageObserver observer)
, Image.
.
( 9.) ,
,
, ,
p r e p a r e Image, . ,
, , t r u e ,
f a l s e .
public void print(Graphics g)
public void printAll(Graphics g)
G r a p h i c s P r i n t G r a p h i c s ,
.
, p a i n t p a i n t A l l .
public void processXjcxEvent(Xx3cEvent event)
) (.
e n a b l e E v e n t s ) . :
: Component, Focus, InputMethod (Java 2) Key, Mouse
MouseMotion. . .
public
public
public
public
void repaintO
void repaint(int x, int y, int width, int height)
void repaint(long milliseconds)
void repaint(long milliseconds, int x, int y, int width,
int height)
AWT , u p d a t e
. P a i n t E v e n t
. P a i n t E v e n t u p d a t e ,
, p a i n t .
, .
public void requestFocusO
. ,
r e q u e s t Focus ,
( Button)
TextField.
466
13. AWT
public v o i d s e t n a b l e d ( b o o l e a n enabledFlag)
s e t E n a b l e d AWT- ( t r u e )
( f a l s e ) .
, .
public v o i d setVisible(boolean visibleFlag)
s e t V i s i b l e AWT- ( t r u e )
(false).
public void transferFocus()
,
<>.
.
public void u p d a t e ( G r a p h i c s g)
AWT
r e p a i n t . ,
p a i n t ( g ) . u p d a t e , p a i n t
.
. 16
.
13.3. "" Java 1.1

Java 1.1 "" ,
Component,
. , p a i n t ,
, . 13.4
B e t t e r C i r c l e , .
C a n v a s ( 13.1), ,
g e t P r e f e r r e d S i z e g e t M i n i m u m S i z e , .

. 13.5 , B e t t e r C i r c l e , , , C i r c l e .
. 13.3, ,
.
""
p a i n t s u p e r . p a i n t ,
"" .
13.3. "" Java 1.1
1 3 . 4 . B e t t e r C i r c l e . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
/ Circle,
* Canvas "" Java 1.1.
public class BetterCircle extends Component {
private Dimension preferredDimension;
private int width, heightspublic BetterCircle(Color foreground, int radius) {
width = 2*radius;
height = 2*radius;
preferredDimension = new Dimension(width, height);
setSize(preferredDimension);
}
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillOval(0, 0, width, height);
}
public void setCenter(int x, int y) {
setLocation(x - width/2, - height/2);
}
/** ,
* BetterCircle
* .
*/
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return(preferredDimension);
}
/**
V
public Dimension getMinimumSize() {
return(preferredDimension);
467
468
13. AWT
13.5. BetterCircleTest.Java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
/**
*
*
*
,
. 11 lightweight
""
Java 1.1.
public class BetterCircleTest extends Applet {

public void initO {
setBackground(Color.lightGray) ;
setLayout(null) ;
BetterCircle circle;
int radius = getSize().width/6;
int deltaX = round(2.0 * (double)radius / Math.sqrt(2.0));
for (int x=radius; x<6*radius; x=x+deltaX) {
circle = new BetterCircle(Color.black, radius);
add(circle);
circle.setCenter(x, x ) ;
}
}
private int round(double num) {
return((int)Math.round(num));
}
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<
BetterCircleTest
gjj<ijj>r
. 13.3. Java 1.1 ""

13.4. Panel
469
""
,
. Swing
- . "" Swing-
14.
13.4. Panel
P a n e l ,
. C a n v a s , P a n e l
;
. Java- P a n e l .
1. . ,
,
P a n e l . ,
.
2. ,
.
: FlowLayout
, (.. ),
( L a y o u t M a n a g e r ) . .
,
.
F l o w L a y o u t
, , .
, ,
. , P a n e l
, . ,
P a n e l ,
.
!
Panel , ^
FlowLayout,
.
470
13. AWT

P a n e l . P a n e l
, ,
. .
// Panel.
Panel panel = new Panel();
// .
panel.add(someComponent);
panel.add(someOtherComponent);
// .
// FlowLayout:
container.add(panel) ;
// BorderLayout:
container.add(panel,
region);
Panel
,
. ( 13.6) .
. 13.4, ,
. ,
,
. ( 13.7)
.
. 13.5.
1 3 . 6 . B u t t o n T e s t l . j a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.'^;
/ * * ,
* F l o w L a y o u t , ,
* .
V
public class ButtonTestl extends Applet
String[] labelPrefixes = { "Start",
"Resume"
for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
add(new Button(labelPrefixes[i] +
}
for (int 1=0; i<4; i++) {
add(new Button(labelPrefixes[i] +
}
}
}
{
"Stop", "Pause",
};
" Threadl"));
" Thread2"));
13.4. Panel
K3S3|
Fte
cW
V)rt4
^^^ -
Favortfes
Joote
HeJp
J J 'J a ^ J -' _* -^ J
Jl
ButtonTestl
Sfaft Threadi 1 StopThreadl | Pause Threadl | Reswio Thad1 | Slet | 3^|
Pause Thftad2 | Resume Ttyeacgj
A
^
Done
fî My Conputef
. 13.4.
,
13.7.ButtonTest2.java
/** . */
p u b l i c c l a s s ButtonTest2 extends Applet {
S t r i n g [ ] l a b e l P r e f i x e s = { " S t a r t " , "Stop", "Pause",
"Resume" };
Panel p i = new P a n e l ( ) ;
for ( i n t i=0; i<4; i++) {
pi.add(new B u t t o n ( l a b e l P r e f i x e s [ i ] + " T h r e a d l " ) ) ;
}
Panel p2 = new P a n e l ( ) ;
for ( i n t i=0; i<4; i++) {
p2.add(new B u t t o n ( l a b e l P r e f i x e s [ i ]
+ " Thread2"));
add(pi);
add(p2);
Ftte
ck
View
Favofês
Ttxrfs
-'
ButtonTest2
j
Staff Threadl j StopThreadl | Paute Threadl j Resume Threadl |

Start Thread^ | Stop Thfead2 | TNead2 | Retufw Tbead2 j
. 0 j statted
..J )-
. 13.5.
471
472
13. AWT
13.5. Container
P a n e l ~ Java,
. ,
, C o n t a i n e r . C o n t a i n e r
Component (
). , C o n t a i n e r
.
public C o m p o n e n t a d d ( C o m p o n e n t )
public C o m p o n e n t a d d ( C o m p o n e n t , Object constraints)

. B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
B o r d e r L a y o u t .NORTH, B o r d e r L a y o u t . SOUTH, B o r d e r L a y o u t .
EAST, B o r d e r L a y o u t . WEST B o r d e r L a y o u t .CENTER.
a d d , Component ,
.
API, j a v a . a w t .
Container.
public void a d d C o n t a i n e r L i s t e n e r ( C o n t a i n e r L i s t e n e r listener)
public void r e m o v e C o n t a i n e r L i s t e n e r ( C o n t a i n e r L i s t e n e r listener)
,
, .
C o n t a i n e r E v e n t ,
( C o n t a i n e r L i s t e n e r ) .
public int g e t C o m p o n e n t C o u n t O
, . , (.
i s V i s i b l e C o m p o n e n t ) .
public C o m p o n e n t g e t C o m p o n e n t ( i n t position)
g e t Component N- ,
(). .
,
g e t C o m p o n e n t C o u n t , A r r a y l n d e x O u t O f B o undsException.
public C o m p o n e n t [ ] g e t C o m p o n e n t s ( )
,
(). ; n u l l
.
13.5. Container
473
public LayoutManager getLayout()

,
, n u l l .
public Insets getlnsetsO
g e t l n s e t s I n s e t s ( t o p , bottom,
l e f t r i g h t ) , . s e t l n s e t s
. g e t l n s e t s ,
, ( - ), I n s e t s
, p u b l i c .
public boolean isAncestorOf(Component possibleSubComponent)
, -
.
public void print(Graphics g)
Component.
.
""
p a i n t p r i n t , s u p e r . p a i n t
s u p e r . p r i n t , .
, "" ,
p a i n t p r i n t
.
public void processContainerEvent(ContainerEvent event)
, , ,
. .
11.
public void remove(int Component)
public void remove(int position)
remove . N .
, getComponentCount () ~1 .
public void setLayout(LayoutManager manager)
. , ,
Frame BorderLayout FlowLayout
Applet , FlowLayout
10 5, .
474
13. AWT
13.6. Applet
A p p l e t Java-, Web. Java-,
P a n e l ,
A p p l e t . A p p l e t ,
P a n e l , F l o w L a y o u t . A p p l e t . 9.
13.7. ScrollPane
S c r o l l P a n e ,
,
. S c r o l l P a n e
P a n e l , .
ScrollPane
S c r o l l P a n e
, S c r o l l P a n e

. S c r o l l P a n e ,
: SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS,
SCROLLBARS_AS_NEEDED, SCROLLBARS_NEVER. S c r o l l P a n e ,
, ,
. ,
S c r o l l b a r .
/ / S c r o l l P a n e ,
/ / .
S c r o l l P a n e pane =
new ScrollPane(ScrollPane.SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS);
/ / S c r o l l P a n e
/ / ,
.setSize(width, height);
add(pane);
ScrollPane,
, 100
13.8 , S c r o l l P a n e .
P a n e l , 100 . . 13.6
,
.
13.8. Frame
475
13.8.ScrollPaneTest-Java
import j ava.awt.*;
/*^ , 100 ,
* ScrollPane. ScrollPane ,
* .
public class ScrollPaneTest extends Applet {

public void initO {
ScrollPane pane = new ScrollPane();
Panel bigPanel = new PanelO;
bigPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(10, 10));
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
bigPanel.add(new Button("Button " + i));
}
pane.add(bigPanel);
add(pane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
|.^^.f-ui;i!û'i''iJii.^ffViffMPf?TWT^''^^^
Apptet
1 2
).
Button 4
Buttons
Sue
1 Button 12
Button 13
Bulton14
BtritonlS
ButtJ
1 Button 22
Sutton 23
Sutton 24
Button 25
ButtJ
1 Button 32
Button 33
Sutton 34
Bun36
Butt*
1 Button 42
Button 43
8un44
Button 46
Butt
1 Button $2
9053
Sutton S4
Button 56
Butt.
1 Button $2
Button S3
Sutton M
566
Butt*
1 Button 72 0 7 3
Suttdn74
Button 76
Btitt*
Butt*
1 Button $2 Button 83
Sulton?4
Button 6
1 Button 92 Button 93
Sutt8n94
Button 96
Lu
Applet started.
Butt*
^1
1
1. 13.6. S c r o l l P a n e ,
,

13.8. Frame
Frame .
, .
Frame . Frame
, , , . Frame
.
476
13. AWT
:
BorderLayout
B o r d e r L a y o u t : NORTH,
SOUTH, EAST, WEST CENTER.
; , ,
. , NORTH (SOUTH),
() .
(. p r e f e r r e d S i z e C o m p o n e n t ) ,
, ,
(. g e t l n s e t s
C o n t a i n e r ) . , EAST (WEST),
() ; ,
,
NORTH SOUTH.
CENTER. , Frame,
.
B o r d e r L a y o u t
F l o w L a y o u t , s e t L a y o u t .
B o r d e r L a y o u t . 12.
Frame
Frame, ,
, s e t S i z e , , Frame
.
, .
Frame :
/ / Frame.
Frame frame = new F r a m e ( t i t l e S t r i n g ) ;
/ / .
f r a m e . a d d ( s o m e P a n e l , BorderLayout.CENTER);
f r a m e . a d d ( o t h e r P a n e l , BorderLayout.NORTH);
/ / Frame.
/ / .
/ / , .
frame.setBounds(left, top, width, h e i g h t ) ;
/ / Frame.
frame.setVisible(true) ;
, Frame,
,
. f r a m e . a d d ( s o m e C o m p o n e n t ) ,
CENTER.
( s o m e O t h e r C o m p o n e n t ) , CENTER,
.
13.8- Frame
477
Frame,
, , ,
.
/ / Frame.
Frame frame = new F r a m e ( t i t l e S t r i n g ) ;
/ / Frame ( ).
frame.setLocation(left, top);
/ / .
frame.add(somePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
/ / Frame.
frame.packO ;
/ / Frame,
pack, - Frame
(. addNotif Component),
.
.
Frame,
s e t R e s i z e a b l e ( f a l s e ) .
Frame , g e t S c r e e n S i z e ,
g e t T o o l K i t . Frame .
Toolkit t o o l k i t = frame.getToolkit();
Dimension s c r n S i z e = t o o l k i t . g e t S c r e e n S i z e ( ) ;
Dimension frameSize = f r a m e . g e t S i z e ( ) ;
frame.setLocation((scrnSize.width-frameSize.width)/2,
(scrnSize.height-frameSize.height)/2);
Frame,
"Unsigned Java Applet Window"
Netscape (. 13.7) "Warning: Applet Window" ( Internet
Explorer). .
. 13.7. Frame, ,

Frame
Frame. ,
13.9, Frame
main. Frame
( ),
. ( ,
478
13. AWT
) m a i n .
,
,
Frame.
1 3 . 9 . F r a m e E x a m p l e l . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
p u b l i c c l a s s FrameExamplel {
Frame f = new F r a m e ( " F r a m e Example 1")
f.setSize(400, 300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
'
Bo , 13.10,
.
Frame m a i n ,
. .
,
-
.
,
, m a i n ,
.
1 3 . 1 0 . F r a m e E x a m p l e 2 . j a v a
import
java.awt.*;
public class FrameExample2 extends Frame

public static void main(String[] args)
new FrameExample2();
}
public FrameExample2() {
superC'Frame Example 2 " ) ;
setSize(400, 300);
setVisible(true);
}
13.8. Frame
479
Frame
Frame ,
. ,
Frame
WindowListener. 13.11 CloseableFrame,
System.exit.

. Frame, (
Frame),
System, exit dispose. ,
. Frame
getlnsets, , ,
(, Panel) CENTER Frame
.
13.11.CloseableFrame.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** Frame, ,
*^
* Java 1.1.
public class CloseableFrame extends Frame {
public CloseableFrame(String title) {
super(title);
enableEvents(AWTEvent.WINDOW_EVENT_MASK);
}
/
* (super.processWindowEvent).
V
public void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent event) {
super.processWindowEvent(event); // ,
if (event.getlDO == WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSING) {
// Frame ,
// dispose().
System.exit(0);
}
}
480
13. AWT
Frame ,
. MenuBar,
Menu. Menu
S t r i n g , Menu ( )
C h e c k b o x M e n u I t e m ( ).
MenuBar add, MenuBar
( ), s e t H e l p Menu ( ).
MenuBar Frame s e t M e n u B a r
.
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r . , ,
e v e n t . g e t A c t i o n C o m m a n d . 13.12 ,

Frame.
. 13.8.
1 3 . 1 2 . C o l o r M e n u . J a v a
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/ * * Frame
p u b l i c c l a s s ColorMenu e x t e n d s C l o s e a b l e F r a m e
implements A c t i o n L i s t e n e r {
p r i v a t e S t r i n g [ ] colorNames =
{ " B l a c k " , " W h i t e " , " L i g h t G r a y " , "Medium G r a y " ,
"Dark G r a y " };
private Color[] colorValues =
{ Color.black, Color.white, Color.lightGray,
C o l o r . g r a y , C o l o r . d a r k G r a y };
p u b l i c ColorMenu0 {
super("ColorMenu");
MenuBar b a r = new M e n u B a r ( ) ;
Menu ColorMenu = new M e n u ( " C o l o r s " ) ;
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < 2 ; i++) {
ColorMenu.add(colorNames[i]);
}
Menu grayMenu = new M e n u ( " G r a y " ) ;

f o r ( i n t i = 2 ; i < c o l o r N a m e s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
grayMenu.add(colorNames[i]) ;
}
ColorMenu.add(grayMenu);
bar.add(ColorMenu) ;
setMenuBar(bar) ;
ColorMenu.addActionListener(this);
grayMenu.addActionListener(this);
1 3 . 8 . Frame
481
setSize(400, 200);
setVisible(true) ;
}
/** , Frame. */
setBackground(colorNamed(event.getActionCoramand()));
repaint();
}
private Color colorNamed(String colorName) {
for(int i=0; i<colorNames.length; i++) {
if(colorNames[i].equals(colorName) ) {
return(colorValues[i]);
}
}
return(Color.white);
}
new ColorMenu();
. 13.8. Frame,

Frame
Frame.
Component C o n t a i n e r .
public void disposeO
- , Frame,
. System, e x i t ,
Frame, , WINDOW_DESTROY.

Frame, ,
System, exit dispose.
482
13. AWT
public Image getIconImage()

public void s e t I c o n I m a g e ( I m a g e icon)
,
Frame .
s e t l c o n l m a g e , g e t I c o n Image n u l l .
public MenuBar getMenuBar()
public void setMenuBar(MenuBar menuBar)
p u b l i c void r e m o v e ( M e n u C o m p o n e n t menuBar)
.
.
public String getTitleO
public void setTitle(String title)
,
.
public b o o l e a n isResizable()
public void s e t R e s i z a b l e ( b o o l e a n resizeFlag)

. s e t R e s i z a b l e ( f a l s e ) , .
i s Re s i z a b l e .
public void ()
Frame
.
public void toBack()
public void toFront()
Frame (.. ,
Frame, ).
13.9.
Java 1.1 .
Java-
. ( w r i t e O b j e c t )
Frame ,
, .
: ,
, , .
AWT. , S e r i a l i z a b l e .
13.9.
483
,
implements S e r i a l i z a b l e . ,
t r a n s i e n t .
(readObject).

. ,
Java.io.*.
try {
FileOutputStream fileOut =
new FileOutputStream("SaveFilename");
ObjectOutputStream out =
new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
out.writeObject(someWindow);
out.flush ();
out.close ();
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " E r r o r saving window: " + i o e ) ;
}
, GZIPOutputStream ( j a v a . u t i l . z i p ) F i l e O u t p u t S t r e a m
ObjectOutputStream.
.

.
try {
File saveFile = new File("SaveFilename");
FilelnputStream fileln =
new FilelnputStream(saveFile);
ObjectlnputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(fileln);
someWindow = (WindowType)in.readObject();
doSomethingWith(someWindow); // , setVisible.
System.out.println("Error reading file: " + ioe);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.out.println("No such class: " + cnfe);
}
,
GZIPInputStream FilelnputStream ObjectlnputStream.
484
13. AWT
Frame,

13.13 Frame,
. ,
, Save
. . 13.9 ,
, ,
. SavedFrame
. Circle Panel ( 13.14)
Panel MouseListener,
, .
BetterCircle, 13.4.
13.13.SavedFrame.Java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
/** Frame .
* .
V
public class SavedFrame extends CloseableFrame
implements ActionListener {
/** ,
* .
* .
*/
SavedFrame frame;
File serializeFile new File(serializeFilename);
if (serializeFile.exists 0 ) {
try {
FilelnputStreeun fileln =
new FilelnputStream(serializeFile);
ObjectlnputStream in = new ObjectlnputStream(fileln);
frame = (SavedFrsune) in. readObject () ;
System.out.println("Error reading file: " + ioe);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfe) (
System.out.println("No such class: " + cnfe);
}
} else {
frame = new SavedFrame();
}
13.9.
private static String serializeFilename ="SavedFrame.ser";

private CirclePanel circlePanel;
private Button clearButton, saveButton;
/** , CirclePanel . */
public SavedFrameO {
super("SavedFrame");
setBackground(Color.white) ;
circlePanel = new CirclePanel();
add("Center", circlePanel);
buttonPanel.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
clearButton = new Button("Clear");
saveButton = new Button("Save");
buttonPanel.add(clearButton);
buttonPanel.add(saveButton);
clearButton.addActionListener(this);
saveButton.addActionListener(this);
setSizeOOO, 300) ;
setVisible(true);
}
/** Clear
* Save
* (, , .)
V
if (event.getSource() == clearButton) {
circlePanel.removeAll();
circlePanel.repaint();
} else if (event.getSource() == saveButton) {
try {
FileOutputStream fileOut =
new FileOutputStreamC'SavedFraiae. ser") ;
new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
out.writeObject(this);
out.flush();
out.close 0 ;
System.out.println("Error saving frame: " + ioe);
}
}
485
486
13. AWT
13.14. CirclePanel. Java

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
/** , ,
* .
* <> .</>.
public class CirclePanel extends Panel {
class ClickAdapter extends MouseAdapter
implements Serializable {
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) {
BetterCircle circle = new BetterCircle(Color.black, 25)
add(circle);
circle.setCenter(event.getX(), event.getY());
invalidate();
validate();
}
}
public CirclePanel()
:)
{
setLayout(null);
addMouseListener(new ClickAdapter());
}
. 13.9.

Frame.

13.10. Dialog
D i a l o g Frame,
, Frame.
D i a l o g .
1. ,
AWT , .
,
, .
13.10. Dialog
487
2. Frame ( ,
). , Frame,
.
D i a l o g B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
: NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST CENTER.
B o r d e r L a y o u t . 12.
Dialog
D i a l o g Frame, ,
: Frame
b o o l e a n , , .
Dialog d i a l o g =
new D i a l o g ( p a r e n t F r a m e ,
Dialog modalDialog =
new D i a l o g ( p a r e n t F r a m e ,
titleString,
false);
titleString,
true);
,
g e t Frame, .
,
, .
:

13.5 ,
, .
. Yes
. No ,
. 13.16
WINDOWDESTROY ,
. . 13.10.
1 3 . 1 5 . C o n f i r m . J a v a
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/ Yes No.
* Yes
* . No
* .
c l a s s Confirm e x t e n d s Dialog implements A c t i o n L i s t e n e r {

p r i v a t e Button yes, no;
p u b l i c Confirm(Frame p a r e n t )
488
13. AWT
super(parent, "Confirmation", true);
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(new Label("Really quit?"));
yes = new Button("Yes");
yes.addActionListener(this);
no = new Button("No");
no.addActionListener(this);
add(yes);
add(no);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
}
if (event.getSource0 == yes) {
System.exit(0);
} else {
dispose 0 ;
}
}
13.16.ConfirmTest.Java
import java.awt.*;
import j ava.awt.event.*;
/** Frame, Confirm
*
* .
*/
public class ConfirmTest extends Frame {
new ConfirmTest();
}
public ConfirmTest0 {
super("Confirming QUIT");
setSize(200, 200);
addWindowListener(new ConfirmListener());
setVisible(true);
}
public ConfirmTest(String title) {
super(title);
}
private class ConfirmListener extends WindowAdapter {
new Confirm(ConfirmTest.this);
}
}
1 3 . 1 1 . FileDialog
489
)^;|^^^
6^yeiy)i^
||^||^^|
. 13.10.

13.11. FileDialog
F i l e D i a l o g ,
. F i l e D i a l o g
, .
F i l e D i a l o g ,
. .
F i l e D i a l o g .
// FileDialog.
FileDialog fileLoader =
new FileDialog(frame, title, FileDialog.LOAD);
FileDialog fileSaver =
new FileDialog(frame, title, FileDialog.SAVE);
// .
fileLoader.setFile("*.txt");
// FileDialog.
fileLoader.show();
// .
String filename = fileLoader.getFile();

TextArea
13.17 , Frame.
( TextArea),
(. 13.11).
F i l e D i a l o g , . 13.11,
. F i l e l n p u t S t r e a m
(. 13.12).
1 3 . 1 7 . D i s p l a y F i l e . J a v a
/** F i l e D i a l o g . */
p u b l i c c l a s s D i s p l a y F i l e extends CloseableFrame
490
13. AWT

new DisplayFile0;
}
private Button loadButton;
private TextArea fileArea;
private FileDialog loaderspublic DisplayFile() {
super("Using FileDialog");
loadButton = new Button("Display File");
loadButton.addActionListener(this);
buttonPanel.add(loadButton);
fileArea = new TextArea();
add("Center", fileArea);
loader ~ new FileDialog(this, "Browse", FileDialog.LOAD)
// : .Java.
loader.setFile("*.Java");
setSize(350, 450);
setVisible(true);
/**
* .
* .
V
loader.show();
di splay File (loader .getFileO ) ;
}
public void displayFile(String filename) {
try {
File file = new File(filename);
FilelnputStream in = new FilelnputStream(file);
int fileLength = (int)file.length();
byte[] fileContents = new byte[fileLength];
in.read(fileContents);
String fileContentsString = new String(fileContents)
fileArea.setText(fileContentsString);
fileArea.setText("lOError: " + ioe);
}
}
13.12. Window
import Java awt*,

I m p rt J ava. awt. eve nt.*.
import Java.io.*;
1?||^|
LoQkiK
491
[* Uses a FileDialog to choose the file to display */
^ Awt
J!*] BetterScrolbai lava

j j l BgReporter lava
e] BuHonExampte lava
jej Button! e$(1|ava
.<i| ButtonTesl2.iava
Checkboxes. Java
aJColorMenujava
] ColofPopupMenu
Mj Confirm. Java
jgjContirmTest.iava
^ Choice? e$J lava

a j Ccte lava
^ CclePanel.|ava
;^CcleTe$t|ava
i ^ CircleTestZiava
^ CioseabieFrdme.iava
Fjtejoome:
JDisplayFile.iava
FiwoTj**.
JAHFilesf"")
public static void main(StringQ args) {

nev^^DisplayFileO;
iMj FgRepoitet java

private Button loadButton;
private TextArea fileArea;
private FileDialog loader;
b]
public class DisplayFile extends CloseableFrame

Qpn
public DisplayFileO{
superfUsing FileDialog^;
loadButton = new ButtonCDisplay File"),
loadButton.addActionListener(this);
Panel buttonPanel = nev^ PaneiQ,
buttonPanel add(loadButton),
add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout SOUTH).
gjê^^f^l
. 13.11. Frame
TextArea.
F i l e D i a l o g
1^:
[pteggFjgi
. 13.12.
,
TextArea
13.12. Window
Frame Window. Window
, ,
.
:
BorderLayout
: NORTH, SOUTH, EAST,
WEST CENTER. B o r d e r L a y o u t . 12.
Window
Window ,
,
, .
Window ,
:
// Window.
Window window = new Window(parentFrame);
// .
window.add(somePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// ,
492
13. AWT
window.setSize(width, height);
// ,
size.setBounds(left, top, width, height);
// Window,
window.setVisible(true);
Window,
, .
// Window.
Window window = new Window(parentFrame);
// ( ).
window.setLocation(left, top);
// .
winddow.add(somePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// ,
window.pack();
// Frame,
window.setVisible(true);
Window BorderLayout,
,
. window, add (someComponent),
CENTER.
add (someOtherComponent) CENTER .
13.13.
,
.
. , , Button
ActionEvent, Checkbox ItemEvent. 10,
.
.
.
addXJcxListener, : ,
. ,
.
.
;
e n a b l e E v e n t s AWTEvent.
ssXxxEvent,
, .
,
AWTEvent. , ActionEvent
Button, L i s t , Menultem T e x t F i e l d -
13.13.
493
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t . ,
, Checkbox, CheckboxMenuItem,
Choice L i s t I t e m L i s t e n e r p r o c e s s l t e m Event.
(KeyEvent) (TextEvent); K e y L i s t e n e r
T e x t L i s t e n e r processKeyEvent p r o c e s s T e x t E v e n t .
AdjustmentEvent,
A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r p r o c e s s A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t .
MouseEvent KeyEvent,
Menultem CheckboxMenuItem.
.

.
ActionEvent.
.
. 13.13 Frame .
.
,
.
, 13.13. :

,
. ,
. .
, ,
, .
,
, A c t i o n Event. , A c t i o n L i s t e n e r , a c t i o n P e r f ormed, -
494
13. AWT
A c t i o n E v e n t . ,
, a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
A c t i o n E v e n t .
13.18 13.19 ,
. B u t t o n
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d ,
A c t i o n E v e n t , .
a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ( t h i s )
.
. i n v a l i d a t e v a l i d a t e

. ,
i m p o r t j a v a . a w t . e v e n t . * ; ,
.
1 3 . 1 8 . A c t i o n E x a m p l e l , Java
import
java.awt.*;
public class ActionExamplel extends CloseableFrame {

new ActionExamplel();
}
public ActionExamplel() {
super("Handling Events in Component");
add(new SetSizeButton(300, 200)),
add(new SetSizeButton(400, 300))
add(new SetSizeButton(500, 400))
setSize(400, 300);
setVisible(true);
}
13.19.SetSizeButton.Java
import Java.awt.*;
import j ava.awt.event,*;
public class SetSizeButton extends Button
implements ActionListener
private Container parent;
public SetSizeButton(int width, int height) {
super("Resize to " + width + "x" + height);
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
13.13.
495
parent = getParentO;
addActionListener(this)
p\iblic void actionPerformed (ActionEvent event) {
parent.setSize(width, height);
parent.invalidate();
parent.validate();
}

, ,
, A c t i o n L i s t e n e r . ,
,
, .
a c t i o n P e r f ormed
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r , ,
.
13.20 .
.
, ActionEvent,
t i o n P e r f o r m e d , .
,
, updateLayout,
.

( A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ) .
,
, A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
,
.
. 11.3.
13.20. ActionExample2 , java
import j a v a . a w t . e v e n t . * ;
p u b l i c c l a s s ActionExample2 extends CloseableFrame
new ActionExample2();
}
p r i v a t e Button b u t t o n l , b u t t o n 2 , b u t t o n S ;
p u b l i c ActionExample2() {
super("Handling Events in Other O b j e c t " ) ;
496
13. AWT
setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 18))
buttonl = new Button("Resize to 300x200")
button2 = new Button("Resize to 400x300")
button3 = new Button("Resize to 500x400")
buttonl.addActionListener(this) ;
button2.addActionListener(this);
button3.addActionListener(this);
add(buttonl);
add(button2);
add(button3);
setSize(400, 300);
setvisible(true);
}
if (event.getSource() == buttonl) {
updateLayout(300, 200);
} else if (event.getSource0 == button2) {
} else if (event.getSource0 == button3) {
}
}
private void updateLayout(int width, int height) {
setSize(width, height);
invalidate();
validate();
}
13.14. Button
Button ,
. Java ,
.
(), , ,
.
, :
Button button = new Button("...");
add(button);
Button .
public ButtonO
public Button(String buttonLabel)
. ()
, s e t L a b e l .
13.14. Button
497
, ,
p r e f e r r e d S i z e , ,
. .
, p r e f e r r e d S i z e (
),
, ;
, .

13.21 , .
,
Button. add (new
Button ( . . . ) ) . ,
. . 13.14
, 13.21, Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98.
13.21. Buttons. Java
import j a v a . a p p l e t . A p p l e t ;
p u b l i c c l a s s Buttons extends Applet {
p r i v a t e Button b u t t o n l , b u t t o n 2 , b u t t o n s ;
b u t t o n l = new Button("Button One");
button2 = new Button("Button Two");
b u t t o n s = new Button("Button T h r e e " ) ;
add(buttonl);
add(button2) ;
add(buttons) ;
}
^
' ^ ^ a 5} ^, -1. iT :!i
di
Buttons
pOn
BietonTwo
Button Thfj
. 13.14. ,
Java- Windows 98
498
13. AWT
Button
B u t t o n .
public String getLabel()
g e t L a b e l ,
.
public v o i d setLabel(String newLabel)
s e t L a b e l .
, .
,
i n v a l i d a t e v a l i d a t e .
.
s o m e B u t t o n . s e t L a b e l ( " New L a b e l " ) ;
someButton.getParent().invalidate();
someButton.getParent().validate();
public v o i d addActionListener(ActionListener listener)
public void r e m o v e A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ( A c t i o n L i s t e n e r listener)
a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r , a r e m o v e A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
, A c t i o n E v e n t .
.
public void processActionEvent(ActionEvent event)

, .

e n a b l e E v e n t s . , p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t ,
s u p e r . p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t .
.
, B u t t o n , ,
getForeground, setForeground, getBackground, setBackground,
getFont,
s e t F o n t Component.

, Java ,
, .
<Enter> ,
.
, , ,
. B u t t o n
, A c t i o n E v e n t :
enableEvents(AWTEvent.ACTION EVENT MASK);
13.14. Button
499
p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t ,
.
super . p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t ,
, . ,
. p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t
13.19.
p u b l i c void processActionEvent(ActionEvent event) {
takeSomeAction(...);
s u p e r . p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t ( e v e n t ) ; / / .
}
Button,
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r . ,
, A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r . actionPerformed,
, , .
13.20 A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
. , 13.22
, A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
FgReporter ( 13.23),
FgReporter BgReporter ( 13.24), FgReporter, BgReporter
S i z e R e p o r t e r ( 13.25).
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
. . 13.15,
, , 13.26.
13.22. ButtonExample. Java
p u b l i c c l a s s ButtonExample extends CloseableFrame {
new ButtonExample();
}
p u b l i c ButtonExample() {
super("Using A c t i o n L i s t e n e r s " ) ;
Button bl = new Button("Button 1")
bl.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
b2.setBackground(Color.gray);
b3.setBackground(Color.darkGray) ;
FgReporter fgReporter = new F g R e p o r t e r ( ) ;
BgReporter bgReporter = new BgReporter();
SizeReporter s i z e R e p o r t e r = new S i z e R e p o r t e r ( ) ;
bl.addActionListener(fgReporter);
b2.addActionListener(fgReporter);
b2.addActionListener(bgReporter);
500
13. AWT
.addActionListener(fgReporter);
.addActionListener(bgReporter);
.addActionListener(sizeReporter)
add(bl)
add(b2)
add(b3)
setSize(350, 100) ;
setVisible(true);
13.23. FgReporter. Java

import java.awt.*;
public class FgReporter implements ActionListener {
Component = (Component)event.getSource();
System, out. println( "Foreground: " -f c.getForeground () ) ;
}
}
13.24. BgReporter. Java

import java.awt.*;
public class BgReporter implements ActionListener {
System.out.println("Background: " + c.getBackground());
}
}
13.25.SizeReporter.Java
impo rt j ava.awt.*;
public class SizeReporter implements ActionListener {
Dimension d = c.getSizeO;
System.out.println("Size: " + d.width + "x" + d.height);
}
}
13.15. Checkbox
501
. 13.15.

ActionListener
13.26. ButtonExample
Button 1, Button 2 Button 3 (
)
Foreground: J a v a . a w t . C o l o r [ r = 0 , g = 0 , b = 0 ]
Foreground: j a v a . a w t . C o l o r [ r = 0 , g = 0 , b = 0 ]
Background: j a v a . a w t . C o l o r [ r = 1 2 8,g=12 8,b=12 8]
Foreground: j a v a . a w t . C o l o r [ r = 0 , g = 0 , b = 0 ]
Background: J a v a . a w t . C o l o r [ r = 6 4 , g = 6 4 , b = 6 4 ]
S i z e : 59x23
AWT , ,
I m a g e B u t t o n C a n v a s .
I m a g e B u t t o n h t t p : //www. c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/.
13.15. Checkbox
,
. ,
,
(
). ,
( ) Checkbox
.
I t e m S e l e c t i o n E v e n t , ,
, g e t S t a t e . ,
, .
Checkbox cb = new C h e c k b o x ( " . . . " ) ;
somePanel.add(cb);
,
. ,
, .
public CheckboxO
public Checkbox(String checkboxLabel)
public Checkbox(String c h e c k b o x L a b e l , b o o l e a n state)

( ). .
502
13. AWT
Checkbox .
. ,
s e t S t a t e .
. t r u e , ,
f a l s e .

13.27 ,
. .
Windows 98 . 13.16.
13-27. Checkboxes. java
public class Checkboxes extends CloseableFrame
new Checkboxes();
}
public Checkboxes 0 {
super("Checkboxes");
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 1 )) ,
Checkbox box;
for(int i=0; i<12; i++) {
box = new Checkbox("Checkbox " + i ) ;
if (i%2 == 0) {
box.setState(true);
}
add(box);
}
packO ;
setVisible(true);
' "'|i"ii 1 |i
F Checkbox p: Checkbox 1
F Checkbox 2 Checkbox 3
. 13.16.
Java-

Windows 98
13.15. Checkbox
503
Checkbox
C h e c k b o x .
p u b l i c b o o l e a n getState()
public void setState(boolean checkedState)
g e t S t a t e .
t r u e . f a l s e
. s e t S t a t e .
public String getLabel()
public void setLabel(String newLabel)
g e t L a b e l
, s e t L a b e l .
,
.
i n v a l i d a t e v a l i d a t e ,
.
(),
,

,

s o m e C h e c k b o x . s e t L a b e l ( " New L a b e l " ) ;

someCheckbox.getParent().invalidate();
someCheckbox.getParent().validate();
public v o i d a d d I t e m L i s t e n e r ( I t e m L i s t e n e r listener)
p u b l i c v o i d r e m o v e I t e m L i s t e n e r ( I t e m L i s t e n e r listener)
a d d l t e m L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r ,
r e m o v e I t e m L i s t e n e r .
.
public v o i d p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t ( I t e m E v e n t event)
.
p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t , >
s u p e r . p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t .
public Object[ ] g e t S e l e c t e d O b j e c t s O
, .
( ), n u l l (
).
, C h e c k b o x
Component.
Checkbox
C h e c k b o x A c t i o n E v e n t ,
I t e m S e l e c t i o n E v e n t .
, .
504
13. AWT
enableEvents(AWTEvent.ITEM EVENT MASK);

p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t ,
I t e m E v e n t .
I t e m L i s t e n e r , p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t s u p e r ,
p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t . , AWTEvent,
I t e m E v e n t : g e t l t e m S e l e c t a b l e g e t S t a t e C h a n g e .
g e t l t e m S e l e c t a b l e I t e m S e l e c t a b l e
( I t e m S e l e c t a b l e C h e c k b o x ) . g e t S t a t e C h a n g e
ItemEvent.SELECTED, ItemEvent.DESELECTED.
,
a d d l t e m L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r .
I t e m L i s t e n e r i t e m S t a t e C h a n g e d ,
I t e m E v e n t .
13.16.
C h e c k b o x C h e c k b o x G r o u p ,
,
. ;
.
.
HTML- ( 1), ,
, .

, P a n e l . ,
C h e c k b o x G r o u p ,
C h e c k b o x , . C h e c k b o x
, . ,
, .
CheckboxGroup cbGroup = new C h e c k b o x G r o u p ( ) ;
Checkbox c b l = new C h e c k b o x ( " . . . " , c b G r o u p , t r u e ) ;
add(cbl);
Checkbox cb2 = new C h e c k b o x ( " . . . " , c b G r o u p , f a l s e ) ;
add(cb2);
C h e c k b o x G r o u p C h e c k b o x .
CheckboxGroup
public CheckboxGroupO
C h e c k b o x G r o u p ,
, C h e c k b o x .
C h e c k b o x , C h e c k b o x G r o u p ,
.
.
13.16.
505
Checkbox
public Checkbox(String label, CheckboxGroup group, boolean state)
public Checkbox(String label, boolean state, CheckboxGroup group)
,
. s t a t e
. s t a t e
t r u e ,
. , ,
.
13.28 ,
Checkbox,
CheckboxGroup. ,
. . 13.17
Windows 98.
13.28.CheckboxGroups.Java
import j ava.awt.*;
public class CheckboxGroups extends Applet {
public void initO {
add(new Label("Flavor", Label.CENTER));
add(new Label("Toppings", Label.CENTER));
CheckboxGroup flavorGroup = new CheckboxGroup();
add(new Checkbox("Vanilla", flavorGroup, true));
add(new Checkbox("Colored Sprinkles"));
add(new Checkbox("Chocolate", flavorGroup, false))
add(new Checkbox("Cashews"));
add(new Checkbox("Strawberry", flavorGroup, false)
add(new Checkbox("Kiwi"));
}
}
506
13. AWT
i ^ A p p l e t Viet: Checkboxfitaupt.oias
:::^:':&
Apptet
tm^
Flavor
F|Coioreassbidej|
^
Giocolate
Strawbeny
^^^:
.- -
FCasbews
Applet started.
. 13.17. ()
(),
Windows 98
CheckboxGroup Checkbox
CheckboxGroup
public Checkbox getSelectedCheckbox()
g e t S e l e c t e d C h e c k b o x
(Checkbox). ,
n u l l .
public void setSelectedCheckbox(Checkbox boxToSelect)
.
, , .
n u l l ,
.
Checkbox
, , Checkbox
, , .
public CheckboxGroup getCheckboxGroupO
g e t CheckboxGroup ,
.
public void setCheckboxGroup(CheckboxGroup newGroup)
.
CheckboxGroup
Checkbox
, .
.

g e t S t a t e .
g e t S t a t e ,
. g e t S e l e c t e d C h e c k b o x Check
boxGroup, Checkbox.
13.17. Choice
507
13.17. Choice
C h o i c e .
.
, .
, C h o i c e .
.
, .
C h o i c e ,
.
Choice choice = new Choice();
choice.addltem("...");
choice.addltem("...");
somePanel.add(choice) ;
icTiacce C h o i c e ,
.
public Choice()
.
a d d .

13.29 , Choice,
. Windows 98
. 13.18.
13.29.ChoiSt.Java
import java.awt.*;
public class ChoiceTest extends Applet {
private Choice choice;
public void init{) {
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 36))
choice = new Choice();
choice.addltem("Choice 1")
add(choice);
}
508
13. AWT
[Choice 1
IChoice 2
Ichoice 3
1
1
j
1
i Applet started.
. 13.18. c h o i c e Windows 98:

- - ;
Choice
Choice, .
public void addItem(String menultem)
public void add(String menultem)
.
. addltem add
. , ,
, ,
s e l e c t . remove
removeAll.
public void addItemLListener(ItemListener listener)
public void removeItemListener(ItemListener listener)
a d d l t e m L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r ,
remove I t e m L i s t e n e .
public int getItemCount()
, Choice.
public String getltem(int itemlndex)
g e t I tern .
public int getSelectedlndexO
.
, -1.
public String getSelectedltemO
.
13.17. Choice
509
public Object[ ] getSelectedObjectsO

g e t S e l e c t e d O b j e c t s ,
. , n u l l .
public void insert(String menultem, int itemlndex)
i n s e r t .
add addltem, .
public void processItemEvent(Itemvent event)
, Choice
, p r o c e s s I t e m E v e n t .
public void remove(String menultem)
public void remove(int itemlndex)
public void removeAll()
.
public void select(int itemlndex)
public void select(String itemLabel)
.
, Java . s e l e c t ( S t r i n g
itemLabel) ,
. , .
, , , ,
, Component.
, Choice
, Choice,
Checkbox: p r o c e s s ItemEvent
a d d l t e m L i s t e n e r .
, ,
. ,
, , ,
. 13.30
ChoiceTest.
. ,
,
g e t S e l e c t e d i t e m g e t S e l e c t e d l n d e x .
13.30.ChoiceTest2.Java
510
13. AWT
public class ChoiceTest2 extends Applet
implements ItemListener {
private Choice choice;
public void initO {
choice = new Choice();
choice.addltem("Choice 1");
choice.addltem("Choice 2 " ) ;
choice.addltem("Choice 3");
choice.addltemListener(this);
add(choice);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event) {
Choice choice = (Choice)event.getSource();
String selection = choice.getSelectedltem();
if (selection.equals("Choice 1")) {
doChoicelAction();
} else if (selection.equals("Choice 2")) {
doChoice2Action();
} else if (selection.equals("Choice 3")) {
doChoice3Action();
}
private void doChoicelAction() {
System.out.println("Choice 1 Action");
private void doChoice2Action() {
}
private void doChoice3Action() {
13.18. List
( L i s t ) ,
.
Choice, : ,
.
L i s t l i s t = new L i s t ( ) ;
list.addltem("...");
list.addltem("...");
add(list);
13.18. List
511
L i s t .
public List()
public List(int rows)
public List(int rows, b o o l e a n multiSelectable)
,
. .
. ,
.
,
. ,
.
, . ,
.
C h o i c e , L i s t ;
a d d l t e m add. ,
, .
(
).
List
13.31 , L i s t .
,
. Windows 98
. 13.19.
1 3 . 3 1 . L i s t s . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
public class Lists extends CloseableFrame {

new Lists();
public Lists() {
super("Lists");
List listl = new List(3, false);
listl.add("Vanilla") ;
listl.add("Chocolate");
listl.add("Strawberry");
add(listl);
512
13. AWT
List list2 s new List(3, true);

list2.add("Colored Sprinkles");
list2.add("Cashews");
list2.add("Kiwi");
add(list2);
packO;
setVisible(true);
Vanilla
ichocolate
Colored Sprinklesg
Cashews
. 13.19. ,
Windows 98
List
28 , ,
L i s t .
public v o i d add(String itemLabel)

public v o i d add(String itemLabel, int i t e m l n d e x )

. ;
, , .
public v o i d a d d I t e m L i s t e n e r ( I t e m L i s t e n e r listener)
public v o i d r e m o v e A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ( A c t i o n L i s t e n e r listener)
public v o i d r e m o v e I t e m L i s t e n e r ( I t e m L i s t e n e r listener)
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r . I t e m E v e n t
. A c t i o n E v e n t ,
<Enter>,
. L i s t ,
.
public b o o l e a n isMultipleMode()
, ( f a l s e )
( t r u e ) .
public void removeAllO
.
public int g e t l t e m C o u n t O
g e t l t e m C o u n t .
13.18. List
513
public void remove(String m e n u l t e m )

public void remove(int i t e m l n d e x )
.
public void d e s e l e c t ( i n t i t e m l n d e x )
, , , d e s e l e c t
. , .
public String g e t l t e m ( i n t i t e m l n d e x )
public String[] g e t l t e m s O
,
.
.
public int getRowsO
,
.
g e t l t e m C o u n t , ,
. ,
.
public int g e t S e l e c t e d l n d e x O
public int[] g e t S e l e c t e d I n d e x e s ( )
, ,
.
, -1.
.
, ( n u l l ) .
public String g e t S e l e c t e d l t e m O
public String[ ] g e t S e l e c t e d I t e m s ( )
, ,
, .
,
n u l l .
. ,
, ,
. , (
n u l l ) .
public Object[ ] g e t S e l e c t e d O b j e c t s ( )
g e t S e l e c t e d O b j e c t s ,
. , n u l l .
514
13. AWT
public int getVisiblelndexO

,
m a k e V i s i b l e . m a k e V i s i b l e ,
.
public boolean isIndexSelected(int itemlndex)
, ,
.
public void makeVisible(int itemlndex)
m a k e V i s i b l e , ,
, .
public void processItemEvent(ItemEvent event)
, L i s t
, .
ItemEvent . ActionEvent

<Enter> , .
public void replaceItem(String newItemLabel, int itemlndex)
, .
public void select(int itemlndex)
, .
,
. Choice, L i s t
s e l e c t , .
public void setMultipleMode(boolean multipleSelectable)
setMultipleMode ( t r u e ) ( f a l s e )
.
L i s t Component,
.
List
L i s t , .
I t e m S e l e c t i o n E v e n t
. , s e l e c t
. ActionEvent
L i s t , .
,
13.18. List
515
<Enter>. L i s t
, ,
.
, L i s t
, , AWTEvent. ITEM_EVENT_MASK
AWTEvent. ACTION_EVENT_MASK, p r o c e s s l t e m E v e n t p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t .
; .
I t e m L i s t e n e r a d d l t e m L i s t e n e r ,
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
13.32.
, 13.33 (
I t e m L i s t e n e r ) 13.34 ( A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ) . . 13.20.
1 3 . 3 2 . L i s t E v e n t s . J a v a
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
/** ,
* ,
* ActionEvent.
public class ListEvents extends CloseableFrame {

new ListEvents();
protected List languageList;
private TextField selectionField, actionField;
private String selection = "[NONE]", action;
/**
*
*
*
Frame,
.
,
- .
V
public ListEvents {
super("List Events");
add(makeLanguagePanel(), BorderLayout.WEST);
add(makeReportPanel(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
// , List.
//
// Frame.
private Panel makeLanguagePanel() {
516
13. AWT
Panel languagePanel = new Panel();

languagePanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
languagePanel.add(new Label("Choose Language"),
BorderLayout.NORTH);
languageList = new List(3);
String[] languages =
{ "Ada", "C", "C++", "Common Lisp", "Eiffel",
"Forth", "Fortran", "Java", "Pascal",
"Perl", "Scheme", "Smalltalk" };
for(int i=0; Klanguages. length; i++) {
languageList.add(languages[i]);
}
showJava();
languagePanel.add("Center", languageList);
return(languagePanel);
}
//
//
//
//
//
//
Label
.
,
.
.
Panel Frame.
private Panel makeReportPanel() {

Panel reportPanel = new Panel();
reportPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 1));
reportPanel.add(new Label("Last Selection:"));
selectionField = new TextFieldO;
SelectionReporter selectionReporter =
new SelectionReporter(selectionField);
languageList.addltemListener(selectionReporter);
reportPanel.add(selectionField);
reportPanel.add(new Label("Last Action:"));
actionField = new TextFieldO;
ActionReporter actionReporter =
new ActionReporter(actionField);
languageList.addActionListener(actionReporter);
reportPanel.add(actionField);
return(reportPanel);
}
/** "Java". */
protected void showJava() {
languageList.select (7);
languageList.makeVisible(7);
}
}
13.33.SelectionReporter.Java
import java.awt.^;
import Java.awt.event.
13.18. List
517
/** ,
* SelectiorxReporter.
public class SelectlonReporter implements ItemListener {
private TextField selectionField;
public SelectionReporter(TextField selectionField) {
this.selectionField = selectionField;
}
if (event.getStateChange() == event.SELECTED) {
List source = (List)event.getSource();
selectionField.setText(source.getSelectedItem());
} else
selectionField.setText("");
}
13.34. ActionReporter. Java

import j ava.awt.*;
import Java.awt.event.^;
f-k-k ,
^ ActionReporter.
public class ActionReporter implements ActionListener
private TextField actionField;
public ActionReporter(TextField actionField) {
this.actionField = actionField;
}
List source = (List)event.getSource();
actionField.setText(source.getSelectedltem());
}
^List Event
Choose Language
Last Selection:
J Java
Pascal
Perl
Scheme
Last Action:
^Pascal
. 13.20.
"Pascal" "Java"
518
13. AWT
List , ,
. 13.35 ,
"Java" (
) "Java". ,
.
KeyAdapter . , ,
show Java Li stE vents,
protected.
13.35.ListEvents2.Java
public class ListEvents2 extends ListEvents {
public static void main(String[J-args) {
new ListEvents2();
}
/** ListEvents.
* , "JAVA" "Java",
* "Java".
public ListEvents2 () {
super ();
// KeyAdapter languageList.
// ,
// ,
// showJava ListEvent.
KeyAdapter javaChooser = new KeyAdapter() {
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent event) {
int key = event.getKeyChar0;
if ("JAVAjava".indexOf(key) != -1) {
showJava{);
languageList.addKeyListener(javaChooser)
}
}
13.19. TextField
T e x t F i e l d ,
.
TextArea, .
T e x t F i e l d ,
.
13.19. TextField
519
TextField lastNameField = new TextField(15) ;

add(lastNameField);
TextField langField = new TextField("Java");
add(langField);
TextField ,
, set Editable.
.
TextField temperatureField = new TextField(4);
temperatureField.setEditable(false);
statusPanel.add(temperatureField) ;
temperatureString = simulationTemperature("F");
temperatureField.setText(temperatureString);
T e x t F i e l d .
p u b l i c TextFieldO
public TextField(int numChars)
p u b l i c TextField(String initialString)
public TextField(String initialString, int numChars)
,
(
). ,
. ,

,
. ,
. ,
. ,
.
, .

13.36 , ,
.
. 13.21.
1 3 . 3 6 . t F i e l d s . J a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
/** T e x t F i e l d ,
*/
520
13. AWT
public class TextFields extends Applet {

add(new TextField());
add(new TextField(30));
add(new TextField("Initial String"));
add(new TextField("Initial", 30));
}
}
îQjjdj
Apptet
1
Initial String
; j Initial
Applet started.
. 13.21. T e x t F i e l d ,

TextField
T e x t F i e l d T e x t C o m p o n e n t .
. g e t T e x t s e t T e x t
( T e x t F i e l d ) , s e t E d i t a b l e (
), g e t C o l u m n s s e t C o l u m n s (
T e x t F i e l d ) s e t E c h o C h a r ( "*"
; ).
TextComponent
p u b l i c v o i d a d d T e x t L i s t e n e r ( T e x t L i s t e n e r listener)
public v o i d r e m o v e T e x t L i s t e n e r ( T e x t L i s t e n e r listener)
a d d T e x t L i s t e n e r T e x t L i s t e n e r ,
r e m o v e T e x t L i s t e n e r . , Component,
, a d d K e y L i s t e n e r
r e m o v e K e y L i s t e n e r ,
, .
T e x t L i s t e n e r t e x t V a l u e C h a n g e d .
T e x t E v e n t .
, , g e t S o u r c e , .
T e x t C o m p o n e n t , g e t T e x t .
public int getCaretPosition()
public v o i d setCaretPosition(int i n d e x )

, .
13.19. TextField
521
public String getSelectedTextO

. ,
( n u l l ) .
public int getSelectionEnd()
public void setSelectionEnd(int startlndex)
g e t S e l e c t i o n E n d ,
. ,
' . s e t S e l e c t i o n E n d
.
public int getSelectionStart()
public void setSelectionStart(int endlndex)
g e t S e l e c t i o n S t a r t
. , .
s e t S e l e c t i o n S t a r t .
public String getTextO
public void setText(String newText)
g e t T e x t , .
, ( n u l l ) .
s e t T e x t , ,
. n u l l , " ".
public boolean isEditable()
public void setEditable(boolean editableStatus)
i s E d i t a b l e , ( t r u e )
( f a l s e ) . s e t E d i t a b l e ( t r u e )
( f a l s e ) .
public void processTextEvent(TextEvent event)
, s s TextEvent .
, , TextComponent )'
Component processKeyEvent. ,
, j ava . awt. e v e n t (import j ava . awt.
e v e n t . * ;) s u p e r . p r o c e s s T e x t E v e n t .
public void select(int startlndex, int endlndex)
, s t a r t l n d e x
, endlndex.
.
endlndex , ,
.
522
13. AWT
public void selectAll()

.
TextField
T e x t C o m p o n e n t T e x t F i e l d
.
public void r e m o v e A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ( A c t i o n L i s t e n e r listener)
A c t i o n E v e n t ,
<Return> , T e x t F i e l d .
a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
r e m o v e A c t i o n L i s t e n e r . ,
a d d T e x t L i s t e n e r r e m o v e T e x t L i s t e n e r (
T e x t C o m p o n e n t ) , a d d K e y L i s t e n e r r e m o v e K e y L i s t e n e r ( Component) .
public b o o l e a n echoCharIsSet()
, - (.
s e t E c h o C h a r ) .
public int getColumnsO
.
, ,
.
, .
public char getEchoChar()
public void setEchoChar(char echoChar)
g e t E c h o C h a r -.
, e c h o C h a r I s S e t t r u e .
s e t E c h o C h a r - ,
. )^'
g e t T e x t . -
"*".
A c t i o n E v e n t
<Enter> . ,
T e x t F i e l d ,
, AWTE v e n t .ACT ION_EVENT_MASK,
p r o c e s s A c t i o n E v e n t . ,
s u p e r . p r o c e s s A c t i o n
E v e n t (. a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ) .
13.20. TextArea
523
public void s e t C o l u m n s ( i n t cols)

s e t C o l u m n s
T e x t F i e I d . ,
, .
T e x t F i e l d Component,
.
,
TextField
T e x t F i e l d
: , , \,
A c t i o n E v e n t . , ,
, . ,
, ,
, .
A c t i o n E v e n t , <Enter>
.
,
s e t T e x t ; . ,

T e x t F i e l d , p r o c e s s X x x E v e n t . ,
.
11.6.
13.20. TextArea
T e x t A r e a T e x t F i e l d , ,

A c t i o n E v e n t . , , .
T e x t A r e a i n p u t A r e a = new T e x t A r e a ( 4 , 1 5 ) ;
add(inputArea);
T e x t A r e a r e s u l t s A r e a = new T e x t A r e a ( " N o R e s u l t s Y e t " ,
resultsArea.setEditable(false) ;
add(resultsArea);
2,
10);
, T e x t A r e a ,
.
public TextAreaO
,
. one-
524
13. AWT
. ,
, .
public TextArea(int rows, int cols)

.
, . T e x t A r e a
.
p u b l i c TextArea(String initialString)
,

. , ,
( \ ) .
public TextArea(String initialString, int rows, int cols)

, .
.
public TextArea(String initialString, int rows, int c o l s , int scrollbar Type)

. s c r o l l b a r T y p e T e x t A r e a .
SCROLLBARS BOTH, ) 1,
. T e x t A r e a . SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY,
.
, . T e x t A r e a .
SCROLLBARS_HORIZONTAL_ONLY !
. l i , , T e x t A r e a . SCROLLBARS_NEITHER
, .
.

13.37 , :
, .
Windows 98 . 13.22.
1 3 . 3 7 . T e x t A r e a s . J a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
p u b l i c c l a s s TextAreas extends Applet

public void i n i t ( ) {
13.20. TextArea
525
add(new TextArea(3, 10));

add(new TextArea("Some\nInitial\nText", 3, 10)
iiiiiiiifc'.'.'''jM^f
Apptel
Some
Initial
Text
i
J
Applet started
. 13.22, ,
Windows 98
TextArea
( T e x t C o m p o n e n t ) g e t T e x t ,
s e t T e x t , s e t E d i t a b l e , s e l e c t . , T e x t A r e a
, .
public void a p p e n d ( S t r i n g additionalText)
,
.
public int getColumns()
g e t C o l u m n s .
public int getRows()
g e t R o w s .
public void insert(String additionalText, int i n d e x )
,
. , ,
.
public void r e p l a c e R a n g e ( S t r i n g r e p l a c e m e n t , int s t a r t l n d e x , int e n d l n d e x )
r e p l a c e R a n g e ,
s t a r t l n d e x e n d l n d e x . ,
, .
, T e x t A r e a
Component.
526
13. AWT
TextArea
,
, , .
T e x t A r e a A c t i o n E v e n t .
1 3 . 2 1 . Label
L a b e l .
L a b e l ,
d r a w s t r i n g G r a p h i c s , , L a b e l ,
.
L a b e l , .
Label label = new Label("...");
add(label);
, L a b e l ,
.
. L a b e l
. , L a b e l
.
P a n e l r e s u l t s P a n e l = new P a n e l ( ) ;
resultsPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
L a b e l t i t l e = new L a b e l ( " R e s u l t s " , Label.CENTER);
t i t l e . s e t F o n t ( n e w F o n t ( " S a n s S e r i f " , Font.BOLD, 1 8 ) ) ;
r e s u l t s P a n e l . a d d ( t i t l e , BorderLayout.NORTH);
T e x t A r e a r e s u l t s A r e a = new T e x t A r e a ( ) ;
r e s u l t s P a n e l . a d d ( r e s u l t s A r e a , BorderLayout.CENTER);
L a b e l .
public Label()
public Label(String labelString)
public Label(String labelString, int alignment)
L a b e l .
, s e t T e x t .
, .
. a l i g n m e n t L a b e l . LEFT
( ), L a b e l . RIGHT L a b e l .CENTER. L a b e l
, F l o w L a y o u t ,
E a s t West B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
1 3 . 2 1 . Label
527
.
. L a b e l
NORTH SOUTH B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
G r i d L a y o u t G r i d B a g L a y o u t ,
.
, .
Label
13.38 Label,
. . 13.23.
13.38.Labels.Java
import java.awt.*;
public class Labels extends Applet {
public void initO {
setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1));
Label labell, label2, labelS, label4;
labell = new Label("Label 1");
label2 = new Label("Label 2", Label.LEFT);
label3 = new Label("Label 3", Label.RIGHT);
label4 = new Label("Label 4", Label.CENTER);
Font bigFont -= new Font ("Sanserif", Font.BOLD, 25);
label2.setFont(bigFont);
labels.setFont(bigFont);
label4.setFont(bigFont);
add(labell)
add(label2)
adddabelS)
add(label4) ,
r^LWHIiMMi'." -^
Applet
Label
Label 2
Label 3
Label 4
|
Applet started
. 13.23. Label

Label
L a b e l . ,
, .
528
13. AWT
public int getAlignment()

public v o i d setAlignment(int alignment)
.
L a b e l . LEFT, L a b e l .RIGHT L a b e l .CENTER.
.
public String getText()
public void setText(String newLabel)
g e t T e x t , L a b e l .
L a b e l ( n u l l ) .
s e t T e x t , L a b e l .
, .
,
invalidate validate.
someLabel.setText(" Different Label");
someLabel.getParent{).invalidate();
someLabel.getParent().validate();
C o m p o n e n t , L a b e l ,
, .
Label
L a b e l , ,
A c t i o n E v e n t . 13.39
, R e v e r s i b l e L a b e l
( 13.40). R e v e r s i b l e L a b e l ;
)^ , ,
. ,
. . 13.24
, . 13.25
R e v e r s i b l e L a b e l .
1 3 , 3 9 . R e v e r s e L a b e l s . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
public class ReverseLabels extends ClcseableFrame {

new ReverseLabels();
public ReverseLabels () {
super("Reversible Labels");
setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 18))
ReversibleLabel labell =
13.21. Label
new ReversibleLabel("Black on White",

Color.white, Color.black);
add(labell);
ReversibleLabel label2 =
new ReversibleLabel("White on Black",
Color.black, Color.white);
add(label2);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
13.40.ReversibleLabel.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** Label,
* .
public class ReversibleLabel extends Label {

public ReversibleLabel(String text,
Color bgColor, Color fgColor) {
super(text);
MouseAdapter reverser = new MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {
reverseColors();
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent event) {
reverseColors0; // mouseEntered(event);
addMouseListener(reverser);
setText(text);
setBackground(bgColor);
setForeground(fgColor);
}
protected void reverseColors()
Color fg = getForeground();
Color bg = getBackground();
setForeground(bg);
setBackground(fg);
}
529
530
13. AWT
Wliite on Black
. 13.24. R e v e r s i b l e L a b e l s

. 13.25. R e v e r s i b l e L a b e l s
,
13.22.
AWT
S c r o l l b a r . " "
,
F l o w L a y o u t . E a s t
S o u t h B o r d e r L a y o u t G r i d L a y o u t .
, S c r o l l b a r .
, Java- .
T e x t A r e S c r o l l .
Swing,
J S l i d e r .
S c r o l l b a r .
public ScroUbarO
.
( ) 10%
. (
) .
public Scrollbar(int orientation)

. o r i e n t a t i o n
Scrollbar.
HORIZONTAL S c r o l l b a r .VERTICAL.
10% .
( ) .
1 3 . 2 2 .
531
public Scrollbar(int orientation, int initialValue, int bubbleSize, int min, int max)
.
;
.
. , max min
5, 20% .
, (, MacOS)
.
,
( ) (
) .
,
. ,

. , ,
45;
25, 5.
new S c r o l l b a r ( S c r o l l b a r . H O R I Z O N T A L ,
25, 5,
50);
!
t ,

max, , - t .

. 13.41 ,
( S c r o l l b a r ,
). 100
, 50. .
Windows 98 . 13.26.
1 3 . 4 1 . S c r o l l b a r s . J a v a
import
import
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
public c l a s s S c r o l l b a r s extends Applet {

int i;
setLayout(new G r i d L a y o u t ( 1 , 2)) ;
P a n e l l e f t = new P a n e l ( ) , r i g h t = new P a n e l ( ) ;
left.setLayout(new GridLayout(10, 1 ) ) ;
f o r ( i = 5 ; i < 5 5 ; i=i-b5) {
l e f t . a d d ( n e w Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL, 50, i ,
}
0,
100));
532
13. AWT
right.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 10));

for (1=^5; i<55; 1=1 + 5) {
rlght.add(new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL, 50, 1, 0, 100)
}
add(left);
add(right);
1!111!,1-!1^
J.
dLi
H'^NKh
. 13.26. S c r o l l b a r

,
Scrollbar
, S c r o l l b a r , .
public v o i d a d d A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r (AdjustmentListener listener)
public void r e m o v e A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r ( A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r listener)
a d d A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r S c r o l l b a r
A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r ,
. A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r
a d j u s t m e n t V a l u e C h a n g e d ,
A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t g e t A d j u s t m e n t , : A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . UN1T_INCREMENT ( ,
), A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t .UNIT_DECREMENT ( ,
), A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . BLOCK_INCREMENT (
), A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . BLOCK_DECREMENT ( )
A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . TRACK ( ).
public int g e t U n i t l n c r e m e n t O
public void s e t U n i t I n c r e m e n t ( i n t i n c r e m e n t )
g e t U n i t I n c r e m e n t ,
,
.
s e t U n i t l n c r e m e n t , , 1.
, , JDK 1.1 Solans,
. ,
13.22.
533
. s e t U n i t I n c r e
m e n t
. .
public int getMaximum()
public void setMaximum(int maxValue)
getMaximum S c r o l l b a r .
,
, , g e t V i s i b l e Amount. setMaximum .
public int g e t M i n i m u m ( )
public v o i d s e t M i n i m u m ( i n t minValue)
g e t M i n i m u m , a s e t M i n i m u m
S c r o l l b a r .
public int getOrientation()
public void setOrientation(int orientation)
S c r o l l b a r .
S c r o l l b a r . HORIZONTAL
Scrollbar.VERTICAL.
public int g e t B l o c k I n c r e m e n t ( )
public void s e t B l o c k I n c r e m e n t ( i n t i n c r e m e n t )
g e t B l o c k l n c r e m e n t , a s e t B l o c k l n c r e m e n t

. .
Windows 98 10, Solaris .
public int getValueO
public void setValue(int value)
public void setValues(int value, int bubbleSize, int m i n , int max)

. ,
. ,
, ,
.
.
public int getVisibleAmount()
. , ^
.
534
13. AWT
public void processAdjustmentEvent(AdjustmentEvent event)

, S c r o l l b a r
,
:
enableEvents(AWTEvent.ADJUSTMENT_EVENT_MASK);
p r o c e s s A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t ,
A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t .
, s u p e r .
p r o c e s s A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . .
S c r o l l b a r Component,
s e t F o r e g r o u n d s e t B a c k g r o u n d , s e t F o r e g r o u n d
. Windows 9 5 / N T s e t B a c k g r o u n d
. Solaris .
MacOS S c r o l l b a r .
Scrollbar
S c r o l l b a r p r o c e s s
A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t , A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r .
S c r o l l b a r . A d j u s t m e n t L i s t e n e r
.
A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t : g e t V a l u e g e t A d j u s t m e n t T y p e . g e t V a l u e
, S c r o l l b a r .
g e t A d j u s t m e n t T y p e : A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t .
UNIT_INCREMENT, AdjustmentEvent.UNIT_DECREMENT, A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . B L O C K _
INCREMENT, AdjustmentEvent.BLOCK_DECREMENT A d j u s t m e n t E v e n t . T R A C K .
13.42
.
, . ,
,
. s e t V a l u e
l a s t V a l u e
, s e t V a l u e
.
, Swing API J S l i d e r (
), S c r o l l b a r
. Swing
, , ,
, Java Plug-In.
1 3 . 4 2 . B e t t e r S c r o l l b a r . Java
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
13.23.
/
*
*
*
535
.
,
.
.
public class BetterScrollbar extends Scrollbar {

private int lastValue;
public BetterScrollbar(int orientation,
int initialValue,
int bubbleSize,
int min,
int max) {
super(orientation, initialValue, bubbleSize, min, max);
enablGEvents (AWTEvent .ADJUSTMENT_EVENT_MASK) ;
lastValue = initialValue;
/** , .
V
public void processAdjustmentEvent(AdjustmentEvent e) {
int type = e.getAdjustmentType();
switch(type) {
case AdjustmentEvent.UNIT_INCREMENT:
setValue(lastValue + getUnitlncrement());
break;
case Adj ustmentEvent.UNIT_DECREMENT:
setValue(lastValue - getUnitlncrement());
break;
case Adj ustmentEvent.BLOCK_INCREMENT:
setValue(lastValue + getBlocklncrement());
break;
case Adj ustmentEvent.BLOCK_DECREMENT:
setValue(lastValue - getBlocklncrement());
break;
}
lastValue = getValueO;
super.processAdjustmentEvent (e);
}
http://www.corewebprograiraning.com/
Slider,
Scrollbar TextField.
13.23.
, .
, PopupMenu,
536
13. AWT
Menu I t em,
, i s P o p u p T r i g g e r .
show .
, A c t i o n E v e n t .
PopupMenu .
public PopupMenu()
public P o p u p M e n u ( S t r i n g title)
,
, , ,
Windows 9 5 / 9 8 / N T .

13.43 ,
.
. ,
ActionListener
. actionPerformed.
Windows 95 . 13.27.
13.43.lorPopupMenu.java
import Java . applet .Appletsimport java.awt.*;
/** . */
public class ColorPopupMenu extends Applet
private String[] colorNames =
{ "White", "Light Gray", "Gray", "Dark Gray", "Black" };
private Color[] colors =
{ Color.white. Color.lightGray, Color.gray.
Color.darkGray, Color.black };
private PopupMenu menu;
/** PopupMenu Menultem. */
public void initO {
setBackground(Color.gray);
menu = new PopupMenu("Background Color");
enableEvents (AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK) ;
Menultem colorName;
for(int i=0; i<colorNames.length; i++) {
colorName = new Menultem(colorNames[i]);
13.23.
menu.add(colorName);
colorName.addActionListener(this);
menu.addSeparator() ;
}
add(menu) ;
/ MouseListener , Win95/98/NT
* isPopupTrigger mouseReleased,
* Solaris mousePressed.
^/
public void processMouseEvent(MouseEvent event) {
if (event.isPopupTrigger0) {
menu.show(event.getComponent(), event.getX(),
event.getY());
}
}
setBackground(colorNamed(event.getActionCommand()))
repaint();
}
private Color colorNamed(String colorName) {
for(int i=0;i<colorNames.length; i++) {
if(colorNames[i].equals(colorName)) {
return(colors[i]);
}
}
return(Color.white);
[Âpplet
4ientrtJBkâpifMemJ^ti^
iPPPCfDfxr
Applet
^''V^f'''''', '''-;V'',','-'';
'^*''' ^'''''^
"^^'
p;' l''"' 'X '':'//, T'- ^^^^
^:[:!''!'''':'''-'-'
:<" ''/'"/.''-
' i'Zc-''^'<,?---'.1/!-''-- ^^^''-Wv'r:'''X'?^<''

Applet started
. 13.27. Windows 98

537
538
13. AWT

PopupMenu show,
. , , Menu,
Menu I t em .
public void a d d ( M e n u I t e m item)
public void add(String label)
.
,
M e n u l t e m , M e n u l t e m ( l a b e l ) .
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
M e n u l t e m ,
.
g e t A c t i o n C o m m a n d ( ) .
public void addSeparatorO
,
. . 13.27 .
public void setShortcut(MenuShortcut shortcut)
public M e n u S h o r t c u t getShortcut()
public void deleteShortcut()
JDK 1.1
.
M e n u S h o r t c u t :
MenuShortcut
shortcut
= new M e n u S h o r t c u t ( i n t
key);
M e n u l t e m
s e t S h o r t c u t . g e t S h o r t c u t M e n u S h o r t c u t ,
d e l e t e S h o r t c u t
.
public void s h o w ( C o m p o n e n t , int , int )

.
PopupMenu ,
.
13.23.
539
,

.
, .
.
,
, Java
i s P o p u p T r i g g e r M o u s e E v e n t .
(, Solaris)
, (, Windows 98 Windows NT)
, Mouse~
L i s t e n e r , p r o c e s s M o u s e E v e n t .
M o u s e L i s t e n e r ,
m o u s e P r e s s e d , m o u s e R e l e a s e d .
.
PopupMenu menu = new P o p u p M e n u ( " [ T i t l e ] " ) ;
e n a b l e E v e n t s (AWTEvent .MOUSE__EVENT__MASK) ;
public void processMouseEvent(MouseEvent event)
if
(event.isPopupTrigger())
menu.show(event.getComponent(),
event.getX(), event.getY());
, ,
M e n u l t e m A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
Menultem i t e m = new M e n u l t e m ( " [ L a b e l ] " ) ;
menu.add(item);
item.addActionListener(someListener);
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d ,
A c t i o n E v e n t . g e t A c t i o n C o m m a n d A c t i o n E v e n t
, M e n u l t e m .
13.24.
AWT ,
: C a n v a s , P a n e l , A p p l e t , S c r o l l P a n e ,
Frame, D i a l o g , F i l e D i a l o g Window.
, .
Java : B u t t o n ,
Checkbox (
). C h o i c e , L i s t , T e x t F i e l d , T e x t A r e a , L a b e l , S c r o l l b a r (
) PopupMenu. -
540
13. AWT
, , -, ,
, -,
,
. , ^
, ) , ( C h o i c e ,
L i s t , PopupMenu) "", .
, , , .
A c t i o n E v e n t , , ,
, , .
, ,
AWT .
, , , }^
Swing, Java 2,
. AWT
, , ,
Netscape Internet Explorer. Java 1.1 AWT API Netscape 4.06, Internet
Explorer 4.0 .
SWING
...
Swing.
.
.
..
HTML .
JCoiorChooser.
.
.
.
Web- Swing.
J~y\zJSJ:EJ
Swing
Java. Swing (
, ,
),
, .
Swing Java 2
AWT. Swing
.
,
, , ,
, HTML- RTF, , .
,
, .
.

. .
,
, , ,
, .
Swing .
, .
Swing
(Kim Topley) Core Java Foundation Classes Core Swing: Advanced Procamming.
544
14. Swing
1 4 . 1 . Swing
Swing Java 2, B J D K 1.1
. Swing JDK 1.1 h t t p : / / j a v a .
s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / j f c / d o w n l o a d . h t m l . Swing
. ,
Netscape 6.
Swing Java Plug-In ( Java Plug-In
9).
Swing WT
Swing AWT.

Swing "J"
J , . Swing-
J F r a m e , J P a n e l , J A p p l e t , J D i a l o g J B u t t o n . AWT-
Swing-. Swing
J C o m p o n e n t ,
, , , .
""
Swing "''. ,
Java-; . J F r a m e , J A p p l e t ,
JWindow J D i a l o g . ^'".
, , ,
"" AWT.
paintComponent
Swing p a i n t ,
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t . p a i n t C o m p o n e n t
, UI- (UI user interface),
. , UI-
.
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t ,
. ,
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t :
p u b l i c void paintComponent(Graphics
/ / Swing . . .
g){
1 4 . 1 . Swing
545

Swing
paint, paintComponent.

super.
paintComponent.

Swing,
JFrame J A p p l e t .
( C o n t e n t P a n e ) .
Container content = getContentPane();
content.add(new JButton("Welcome"));
content.add(new JLabel("JavaOne");
JFrame J A p p l e t
.
, B o r d e r L a y o u t . Swing
J F r a m e J A p p l e t ( B o r d e r L a y o u t ) .
AWT, Frame
B o r d e r L a y o u t , A p p l e t F l o w L a y o u t .
, s e t C o n t e n t P a n e .

JFrame JApplet,

.

J P a n e l (
16). Swing ,
, R e p a i n t M a n a g e r .
p a i n t R e p a i n t M a n a g e r
. p a i n t
Component, . J P a n e l
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t
. p a i n t p a n e l .
g e t G r a p h i c s ( ) ,
.
, ,
. ,
, J F r a m e J A p p l e t ,
, Java- Swing
.
546
1 4 . Swing
"--"
"" Swing- "-" (MVC model-view-controller), . 14.1.
,
.
, , , ,
, , .
.
.
"" Swing
(UI), ComponentUI. UI
. UIManager ,
(LabelUI, TableUI, TreeUI ..),
(Windows, Motif, Java). UI ,
, .
MVC ,
,
. ,
. .
, ,
. .
Swing.
, , 15
JTree JTable.
. 14.1. "-" (MVC)
1 4 . 1 . Swing
547

MVC Swing.
Swing
Windows, Motif, MacOS Java ( Metal).
U I M a n a g e r UI-,
,
"" Swing.

.
Java ( Metal),
, Windows.
Motif , Windows
. ,
, , .

. S w i n g U t i l t i e s . U p d a t e C o m p o n e n t T r e e U I ,
UI-. :
try {
UIManager. setLoolcAndFeel (
"javax.swing.motif.MotifLookAndFeel");
System.out.printlnC'LAF Error: " + e) ;
}
SwingUtilties.updateComponentTreeUI(
getContentPane());
,
.
J F r a m e , m a i n i n i t J A p p l e t .
,
, .
g e t S y s t e m L o o k A n d F e e l C l a s s N a m e U I M a n a g e r
U I M a n a g e r . s e t L o o k A n d F e e l .
s e t L o o k A n d F e e l ,
.
s e t N a t i v e L o o k A n d F e e l .
14.1 W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s .
, ,
, Java (Metal) Motif.
,
, Java (
548
14. Swing
JRE).
, .
WindowUtilities ,
JFrame. open In JFrame
JPanel JFrame. ExitListener
.
14.1. WindowUtilitiesava
import java.awt.*; // Color Container.
/** , Swing. */
public class WindowUtilities {
/** ,
.
Metal (Java).
*/
public static void setNativeLookAndFeel() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(
UIManager. getSystemLookAndFeelClassName ()) ;
System.out.println("Error setting native LAF: " + e ) ;
}
}
public static void setJavaLookAndFeel() {
try {
UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
System.out.println("Error setting Java LAF: " + e ) ;
}
}
public static void setMotifLookAndFeel() {
try {
"com.sun.j ava.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndFeel");
System.out.println("Error setting Motif LAF: " + e ) ;
}
}
/** JPanel .
*
JFrame Container
*
.
V
public static JFrame openlnJFrame(Container content,
int width,
int height,
String title.
Color bgColor) {
1 4 . 1 . Swing
549
JFrame frame = new JFrame(title);

frame.setBackground(bgColor);
content.setBackground(bgColor) ;
frame.setContentPane(content);
return(frame);
}
/** Color.white. */
int width,
int height.
String title) {
return(openlnJFrame(content, width, height,
title. Color.white));
}
Z'^* Color.white ,
*
JFrame.
V
int width,
int height) {
return(openlnJFrame(content, width, height,
content.getClass().getName(),
Color.white));
}
14.2.ExitListener.java
import java.awt.*;
/** ,
* JFrame , ,
* .
V
public class ExitListener extends WindowAdapter {
System.exit(0);
}
Java 2 JDK SwingSet2,

Swing. r o o t / j d k l . 3/demo/j f /
SwingSet2. . 14.2 14.4 ,
Windows, Motif Java.
550
14. Swing
kWf^f^
ill
Table D$mo | Source Code |
P Reprderlno fowed
P" Hoftz. Une&'
F Ven. Unes
Mtt^f'SdK ;:
-J
- Ssleefion mode
" Column seiettjon
jMuitiple ranges
P Row selection
Rowueight
^|
' Aterei2e mod
__j.
jSubsequent columns ;;^J
FgvoHte Kovie
first Name I UetNeme

Mike
Brazil
jMarK
:Curseotthe Demon
JBrian
|The Bluws Brothers
iLara
Airplane (the whole series)
Roger
The ManVvrno Kne^vToo Much
Brent
Bintie Runner (Director's Cut)
jMark
Brazil
jjeir
The Lady Vanishes
lEwan
A Bug's Life
[Anny
Reser\ruirDcg
I Fevortte Number I fvoirlte
. 14.2. SwingSet2 Windows
im
>0^
Table l>ew<?s
Selectkw wo<ie
J column sefecfeon
||^$ J' /1>
IS? Roweelec^cm
i ? we
Autoreîs&rmjde
Rownelgbt
ir^r-teiupdesi$;: .
^1
I fmom i^gftNr
|Tt)^BHie8rpthers
iart ^ eerjes)
Who i^swTtHt^ imuth
|8lade * |^ ^>
[<11
0'
^ '^
. 14.3. SwingSet2 Motif
1 4 . 1 . Swing
fee
took&Feei
5
551
Themes
( * : *-;-:~'
mm
.-=^-\
TileOemoMir^.^1
! S^lfeCtmu mutie
. Reorctefbio alowed
v H o r k , Lines
!i Row Section
'< Veit.Unes
rAiitw$Jift?niMid8'"
c:3rrdlj^)br
First Name ; Last Name !

Mii-e
Albers
Favorite C(Hor
Favorite Movie
Favortte Number i
FgvorlteFood
sBrazil
Mark
Andrews
Curse of the Demon
Brian
Beck
The Blues Brothers
Lara
Bunni
Roger
Brinkley
Brent
Chnstian
Blade Runner (Director's Cut)
Mark
Davidson
Brazil
Jeff
Dinkins
The Lady Vanishes
Ewan
Dinkins
A Bug's Life
Amy
Fowler
Reservoir Dogs
[Airplane (the whole senes)

The Man Who Knew Too Much
P*fc. 14.4. SwingSet2 Java (Metal)

AWT Swing
AWT .
Java z-npuopumema, z-,
,
. , , z, z- .
z-
z-. -
z- .
Swing-
z-, . AWT
Swing.
.
, Swing-
AWT Button.
.

AWT, Swing.
Swing,
, j a v a x . s w i n g . S w i n g C o n s t a n t s
, . ,
LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM, NORTH, EAST,
SOUTH, WEST, NORTH EAST, NORTH WEST, SOUTH EAST, SOUTH WEST, HORIZONTAL,
552
1 4 . Swing
VERTICAL, LEADING TRAILING.

,
( ).
14.2. JApplet
J A p p l e t Swing- AWT- A p p l e t .
J A p p l e t ,
Java 2 Platform Netscape 6.
Swing , Java 1.1,
, Swing,
Java 2. Swing- ,
Java 2 Plug-In, 9. Java Plug-In,
, 5 , Swing-
Internet . intranet,
Java Plug-In .
J A p p l e t Swing-,
A p p l e t . "" Swing,
J C o m p o n e n t . J A p p l e t
i n i t , s t a r t , s t o p d e s t r o y . J A p p l e t
Swing, A p p l e t .
J A p p l e t , .
, ,
.., .
g e t C o n t e n t P a n e .
J A p p l e t ( Frame JFrame)
B o r d e r L a y o u t . ,
A p p l e t FlowLayout.
, B o r d e r L a y o u t .
J a v a ( M e t a l ) .
,
.
p a i n t , p a i n t C o m p o n e n t .

J A p p l e t , J P a n e l ,
, p a i n t C o m p o n e n t J P a n e l
.

Applet, JApplet

BorderLayout.
14.3. JFrame
553
14.3 Swing-. ,
AWT-, ,
, Swing-
, , FlowLayout.
. 14.5 Netscape 6.
14.3. JApplGtExample.Java
import java.awt.'^;
/** ,
* JApplet Applet: ,
* Java (Metal),
*
* BorderLayout ( FlowLayout).
V
public class JAppletExample extends JApplet {
public void initO {
content.setBackground(Color.white);
content.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
content.add(new JButton("Button 1"))
content.add(new JButton("Button 2")),
}
File
Ed ^ i e w Search
Qp
Book'narks
lasks
jHelp
QiM>:200(XmM2S
. 14.5. Swing- J B u t t o n ,
Netscape 6,
Windows 98
14.3. JFrame
JFrame Swing- AWT- Frame. AWT,
JFrame .
JApplet, JFrame Swing-,
JComponent . JFrame
Frame. JFrame AWT- Frame
.
554
14. Swing
J F r a m e ;
, J F r a m e .
,
.
getContent.
Frame, J F r a m e
. ,
Java-.
J F r a m e
W i n d o w L i s t e n e r , S y s t e m , e x i t .
JDK 1.3 s e t D e f a u l t C l o s e O p e r t i o n
( E X I T O N C L O S E ) .
,
WindowListener.
Java (Metal).
,
.

, JFrame
WindowListener.
System, exit.
14.4 .
, AWT- Frame,
F l o w L a y o u t , .
. 14.6. W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s . J a v a
E x i t L i s t e n e r . J a v a .
, h t t p : / /www. c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/.
1 4 . 4 . JFrameExample. J a v a
import java.awt.*;
/** ,
* JFrame Frame: ,
* ,
* , Java (Metal).
V
public class JFrameExample {
WindowUtilities . setNativeLoolcAndFeel () ;
JFrame f = new JFrame("This is a test");
f.setSize(400, 150);
Container content = f.getContentPane();
14.4.
JLabel
555
content.setLayout(new FlowLayout()) ;
f.addWindowListener(new ExitListener()
f.setVisible(true);
I LP-4^?!yj--'i
. 14.6. Swing- JFrame,

14.4. JLabel
L a b e l , J L a b e l .
, L a b e l , J L a b e l
. -,
, -, , , HTML-.
: ,
'
, J l a b e l ,
() Image I c o n .

s e t I c o n . J L a b e l ,
J B u t t o n , .

. J L a b e l
14.5.
J L a b e l J B u t t o n
, .
, , J l a b e l ,
. J L a b e l
J P a n e l , .
( 14.5).

HTML. ,
, "<html>",
, HTML-.
HTML- -
556
14. Swing
. HTML-
J B u t t o n . , HTML
.
HTML J L a b e l JDK L2.2, Swing

L L 1 . Java
, ,
, J L a b e l HTML-
.
JDK L2 HTML- J L a b e l
"<html>", "<HTML>". HTML-,
, B J D K L 3 .
BJDK L2 J L a b e l
Image I c o n J L a b e l s e t I c o n . HTML-
<img>. B J D K L3 HTML-
,
.
J L a b e l HTML-, JLabel- .
HTML. , , ,
, Serif
, Sans
Serif :
JLabel label =
new J L a b e l ( " < h t m l > B o l d T e x t < / h t m l > " ) ;
label.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,36))/
<>
<BR>. "" HTML, <BR> ,
<> <BR>.
-
. HTML- ,
, .
HTML- ,
.
JLabel
J L a b e l . ,
, .
14.4. JLabel
557
public JLabelO
public JLabel(String label)
public JLabel(Icon image)
public JLabel(String label, I c o n image, int hAlignment)
J L a b e l ,
J L a b e l , , J L a b e l .
, .
h A l i g n m e n t
"-" J L a b e l .
LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, LEADING TRAILING.
JLabel
J L a b e l .
, , ,
(get-).
public void s e t H o r i z o n t a l A l i g n m e n t ( i n t alignment)
public void setVerticalAlignment(int alignment)

"-" J L a b e l .
, j a v a x . s w i n g .
S w i n g C o n s t r a i n t s : LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, LEADING TRAILING
; TOP, CENTER BOTTOM .
public void s e t H o r i z o n t a l T e x t P o s i t i o n ( i n t alignment)
public void setVerticalTextPosition(int alignment)

.
"-".
public void s e t I c o n ( I c o n image)
public void s e t D i s a b l e d I c o n ( I c o n image)

J L a b e l . J L a b e l s e t E n a b l e d ( f a l s e ) .
public void setText(String label)
public void setFont(Font font)
s e t T e x t ,
J L a b e l . HTML-,
< h t m l > < / h t m l > . s e t F o n t J L a b e l .
558
14. Swing
JLabel 14.5.
. 14.7. JLabel
HTML- .
HTML-. HTML-
<UL>. .
, JPanel.
14.5. JLabels.java
import java.awt.*;
/** , JLabel,
* HTML ( Swing 1.1,1, Java 1.2.2
* ).
public class JLabels extends JFrame {

new JLabels();
public JLabels0 {
superC'Using HTML in JLabels");
addWindowListener(new ExitListener());
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 30);
content.setFont(font);
String- labelText =
"<htmlXFONT COLOR=WHITE>WHITE</FONT> and " +
"<FONT COLOR=GRAY>GRAY</FONT> Text</html>";
JLabel coloredLabel =
new JLabel(labelText, JLabel.CENTER);
coloredLabel.setBorder
(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Mixed Colors"));
content.add(coloredLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
labelText =
"<htmlXB>Bold</B> and <I>Italic</l> Text</html>";
JLabel boldLabel =
new JLabel(labelText, JLabel.CENTER);
boldLabel.setBorder
(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Mixed Fonts"));
content.add(boldLabel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
labelText =
"<html>The Applied Physics Laboratory is a division " +
"of the Johns Hopkins University." +
"<P>" +
"Major JHU divisions include:" +
"<UL>" +
" <LI>The Applied Physics Laboratory" +
" <LI>The Krieger School of Arts and Sciences" +
" <LI>The Whiting School of Engineering" +
" <LI>The School of Medicine" +
14.5. JButton
559
" <LI>The School of Public Health" +

" <LI>The School of Nursing" +
" <LI>The Peabody Institute" +
" <LI>The Nitze School of Advanced International Studies" +
"</UL>" +
"</html>";
JLabel fancyLabel =
new JLabel(labelText,
new Imagelcon("images/JHUAPL.gif"),
JLabe1.CENTER);
fancyLabel.setBorder
(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Fancy HTML"));
content.add(fancyLabel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
}
.rJPJXl
and :"./> TeKt
Bold and Italic Test
Fancy HTML
The Applied Physics Laboraloiy is a division of the Johns $ Umversity.

Wfejor JHU divisions include"
..0^^/*
The Appliei Physics Laboratory

The Kjriegcr School of Arts and Sciences
The Whrting School of Engineering
The School of Medicine
The School of Public Health
The School of Nursing
The Peabody kistitute
The School of Advanced Itatcrnational Studies
. 14.7. Swing
HTML-
14.5. JButton
Swing- J B u t t o n , AWT-
Button. JButton,
S t r i n g , .
Button; J B u t t o n a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
: ,
tt
'
99
J B u t t o n AWT- Button
. Sing
560
14. Swing
Image I con, (JPEG,

GIF, GIF). JButton,
Imagelcon . J B u t t o n
.
1. ( ,
s e t Icon).
2. , ( s e t P r e s s e d l c o n ) .
3. ,
( s e t R o l l o v e r l c o n ; ,
setRolloverEnabled(true)).
4. ( s e t D i s a b l e d l c o n ) .
5. , ,
(setSelectedlcon).
6. , ,
(setDisabledSelectedlcon).
7. ,
( s e t R o l l o v e r S e l e c t e d l c o n ) .
( s e t S e l e c t e d l c o n , s e t R o l l o v e r S e l e c
t e d l c o n s e t D i s a b l e d S e l e c t e d l c o n ) B J D K 1.2;
JDK 1.3. ,
s e t S e l e c t e d ( t r u e ) .
ActionEvent. ,
JToggleButton (. API,
j a v a x . swing . JToggleButton), ,
.
,
"-", s e t H o r i z o n t a l Alignment s e t V e r t i c a l A l i g n m e n t ( ,
).

s e t H o r i z o n t a l T e x t P o s i t i o n s e t V e r t i c a l T e x t P o s i t i o n .
s e t l c o n T e x t G a p .
J B u t t o n " "
. setMnemonic. "
" , ,
<+>.
HTML'
JDK 1.2.2, Swing 1.1.1
HTML , J B u t t o n
JLabel. , ,

.
14.5. JButton
561
JButton
JButton :
public JButtonO
public JButton(String label)
public J B u t t o n ( I c o n image)
public JButton(String label, I c o n image)
public JButton(Action action)
J B u t t o n ,
J B u t t o n , J B u t t o n
J B u t t o n . B J D K 1.3.
A c t i o n ,
.
JButton AbstractButton
JButton .
, AbstractButton. . set-eo^^
, get-,
.
public void setAction(Action action)
public Action getAction()
JDK 1.3.
Action.
. , a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d .
A c t i o n
. ,
, A c t i o n
.
public void s e t H o r i z o n t a l A l i g n m e n t ( i n t alignment)
public void setVerticalAlignment(int alignment)
"" J B u t t o n .
, J L a b e l .
public void s e t H o r i z o n t a l T e x t P o s i t i o n ( i n t alignment)
public void setVerticalTextPosition(int alignment)

, .
J L a b e l .
562
14. Swing
public void setText(String label)

public void setFont(Font font)
s e t T e x t , ,
s e t Font .
HTML-, <html> </html>.
public void setIcon(Icon image)
public void setPressedIcon(Icon image)
public void setRolloverIcon(Icon image)
public void setDisabledIcon(Icon image)
, JButton.
,
, ,
, .
JButton, s e t E n a b l e d ( f a l s e ) .
public void setEnabled(boolean state)
s e t E n a b l e d ( t r u e ) ( f a l s e ) o)^
.
public void setMargin(Insets mârgins)
.
, 10
5 .
JButton button = new JButton("Continue");
button.setMargin(new Insets(10,5,10,5));
14.6 , :
, , .
. 14.8.
14.6.JButtons.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** , JButton.
* .
V
public class JButtons extends JFrame {
new JButtons{);
}
public JButtons0 {
super("Using JButton");
14.6. JPanel
563
JButton buttonl = new JButtonC'Java") /
content.add(buttonl) ;
Imagelcon cup = new Imagelcon("images/cup.gif");
JButton button2 = new JButton(cup);
content.add(button2);
JButton buttons = new JButton("Java", cup);
JButton button4 = new JButton("Java", cup);
button4.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.LEFT);
packO ;
setVisible(true) ;
, / 4 . e . Swing- JButton
,
14.6. JPanel
J P a n e l , AWT- P a n e l .
, ,
. J P a n e l C a n v a s (
J C a n v a s ). J P a n e l
C a n v a s . -,
s e t P r e f e r r e d S i z e (
P a n e l J P a n e l ).
-, p a i n t p a i n t Component. , ,
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t , ,
s u p e r . p a i n t C o m p o n e n t .
Swing Java 2, G r a p h i c s
G r a p h i c s 2 D Java 2D (
10).
564
14. Swing
JPanel
JPanel .
JPanel
s e t La o u t . .
J P a n e l JComponent,
. ( API.)
public JPanel()
public JPanel(LayoutManager manager)
public J P a n e l ( b o o l e a n i s D o u b l e B u f f e r e d )
public JPanel(LayoutManager manager, b o o l e a n isDoubleBuff ered)
J P a n e l ,

.
:
JPanel
. ,
J C o m p o n e n t , J P a n e l ,
. Swing : T i t l e d o r d e r , E t c h e d B o r d e r , B e v e l B o r d e r ( "" ). L i n e o r d e r , M a t t e B o r d e r , C o m p o u n d B o r d e r E m p t y B o r d e r .
.
s e t B o r d e r . B o r d e r
, B o r d e r F a c t o r y . :
J P a n e l = new J P a n e l ( ) ;
p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Java"));
, B o r d e r F a c t o r y
B o r d e r , , B o r d e r ,
B o r d e r F a c t o r y .
teXxxBorder
Border
BorderFactory.
BorderFactory
B o r d e r F a c t o r y 23 ,
. B o r d e r j a v a x .
s w i n g . b o r d e r . A b s t r a c t B o r d e r ,
B o r d e r . A b s t r a c t B o r d e r
EmptyBorder, T i t l e d B o r d e r , LineBorder, EtchedBorder, BevelBorder, Soft-
14.6. JPanel
565
B e v e l B o r d e r , M a t t e B o r d e r C o m p o u n d B o r d e r . 23 B o r d e r F a c t o r y , .
p u b l i e s t a t i c .
Border createEmptyBorder(int t o p , int left, int b o t t o m , int right)
E m p t y B o r d e r ,
.
Border c r e a t e L i n e B o r d e r ( C o l o r color)
B o r d e r createLineBorder(Color color, int thickness)
L i n e B o r d e r .
.
. L i n e B o r d e r
: c r e a t e B l a c k L i n e B o r d e r c r e a t e G r a y L i n e B o r d e r . ,
.
T i t l e d B o r d e r createTitledBorder(String title)
T i t l e d B o r d e r c r e a t e T i t l e d B o r d e r ( B o r d e r b o r d e r . String title)
T i t l e d B o r d e r ,
() .
"". ,
( ). T i t l e d B o r d e r
s e t T i t l e P o s i t i o n s e t T i t l e J u s t i f i c a t i o n .

: ABOVE_TOP, , BELOW_TOP, ABOVE_BOTTOM, BOTTOM BELOW_BOTTOM.
s e t T i t l e J u s t i f i c a t i o n
LEFT, CENTER RIGHT.
s e t T i t l e C o l o r , s e t T i t l e F o n t
BorderFactory.
Border createEtchedBorder()
Border c r e a t e E t c h e d B o r d e r ( C o l o r highlight, Color shadow)
LOWERED E t c h e d B o r d e r ,
2 .
.
, ,
, .
. ,
E t c h e d B o r d e r ,
RAISED.
B o r d e r F a c t o r y
, E m p t y B o r d e r , Border E t c h e d B o r d e r . , B o r d e r F a c t o r y
B e v e l B o r d e r ( c r e a t e B e v e l B o r d e r , c r e a t e R a i s e d B e v e l B o r d e r
566
14. Swing
C r e a t e L o w e r e d B e v e l B o r d e r ) M a t t e B o r d e r
( c r e a t e M a t t e B o r d e r ) ,
( c r e a t e C o m p o u n d B o r d e r ) .
14.7 J P a n e l L i n e B o r d e r
2 .
J P a n e l . 400 ,
( , WEST
B o r d e r L a y o u t ) . ,
, .
T i t l e d B o r d e r .
. 14.9.
1 4 . 7 . J P a n e l s . Java
import java.awt.*;
/** ,
* JPanel, .
V
public class JPanels extends JFrame {
new JPanels();
}
public JPanels0 {
superC'Using JPanels with Borders");
content.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
JPanel controlArea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 1));
String[] colors = { "Red", "Green", "Blue",
"Black", "White", "Gray" };
controlArea.add(new SixChoicePanel("Color", colors));
String[] thicknesses = { "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" };
controlArea.add(new SixChoicePanel("Line Thickness",
thicknesses));
String[] fontSizes = { "10", "12", "14", "18", "24", "36" };
controlArea.add(new SixChoicePanel("Font Size",
fontSizes));
content.add(controlArea, BorderLayout.EAST);
JPanel drawingArea = new JPanel();
// ,
// WEST.
drawingArea.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 0));
drawingArea.setBorder
(BorderFactory.createLineBorder (Color.blue, 2));
drawingArea.setBackground(Color.white);
content.add(drawingArea, BorderLayout.WEST);
pack () ;
setVisible(true) ;
14.7. JSlider
567
14.8.SixChoicePanel.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** Jpanel, JRadioButton.
public class SixChoicePanel extends JPanel {
public SixChoicePanel(String title. String[] buttonLabels) {
super(new GridLayout(3, 2));
setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(title));
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
JRadioButton option;
int halfLength = buttonLabels.length/2; // Assumes even length
for(int i=0; KhalfLength; 1++) {
option = new JRadioButton(buttonLabels[i]);
group.add(option) ;
add(option);
option = new JRadioButton(buttonLabels[i+halfLength]);
group.add(option) ;
add(option) ;
}
}
||ÎHI,lipW!MJyiiffllfpi|^^
Color
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Black
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Blue
^ Gray
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. 14.9. JPanel

14.7. JSlider
AWT S c r o l l b a r :
,
. "" ,
. Swing
J S l i d e r .
J S l i d e r , S c r o l l b a r : -
568
14. Swing
pa, , ,
100 ,
50. ,
( J S l i d e r .HORIZONTAL
J S l i d e r .VERTICAL), .
J S l i d e r C h a n g e L i s t e n e r .
s t a t e C h a n g e d g e t V a l u e ,
J S l i d e r .
:
Swing- J S l i d e r
. ,
s e t P a i n t T i c k s ( t r u e ) .
j o r T i c k S p a c i n g s e t M i n o r T i c k S p a c i n g .
, ,
s e t S n a p T o T i c k s ( t r u e ) .
, s e t P a i n t L a b e l s ( t r u e ) .
(, Image I c o n ) .
D i c t i o n a r y I n t e g e r Component
, . D i c t i o n a r y
s e t L a b e l T a b l e .
J S l i d e r ,
, .. ( s e t l n v e r t e d ( t r u e ) ) ,
,
( g e t V a l u e I s Ad j u s t i n g () t r u e ) ,
.
JSlider
JSlider :
public JSliderO
public JSlider(int orientation)
public JSlider(int m i n , int max)
public JSlider(int m i n , int max, int initialValue)
public JSlider(int orientation, int m i n , int max, int initialValue)
J S l i d e r
, 100,
, 50. JSlider
. ,
(HORIZONTAL VERTICAL).
,
.
14.7. JSIider
569
JSIider
J S I i d e r 43 . ,
, . set- get-.
public void setMinimum(int min)
public void setMaximum(int max)
public void setValue(int initialValue)
,
, .
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL.
public void s e t P a i n t T i c k s ( b o o l e a n paint)
public void setMinorTickSpacing(int stepSize)
public void setMajorTickSpacing(int stepSize)
,
s e t P a i n t T i c k s ( t r u e )
( s e t M a j o r T i c k S p a c i n g )
(setMinorTickSpacing).

,
setPaintTicks
true.
public void s e t S n a p T o T i c k s ( b o o l e a n snap)
s e t S n a p T o T i c k s ( t r u e ) ,
.
, f a l s e ;
.
public void s e t I n v e r t e d ( b o o l e a n inverted)
s e t l n v e r t e d
.
public void setPaintLabels(boolean paint)
public void setLabelTable(Dictionary labels)
s e t P a i n t L a b e l s
. S t r i n g
I c o n . , .
J S I i d e r ,
570
1 4 . Swing
,
s e t L a b e l T a b l e .
Hashtable, "-" I n t e g e r
JComponent ( JComponent JLabel).

,

setPalntLahels
(true).
14.9 ,
: , ,
. . 14.10
. Windows,
Motif Java.
14.9. J S l i d e r s . J a v a
import j a v a x . s w i n g . * ;
/** , J S l i d e r s ,
* .
p u b l i c c l a s s J S l i d e r s extends JFrame {
new J S l i d e r s ( ) ;
public J S l i d e r s 0 {
super("Using J S l i d e r " ) ;
JSlider sliderl = new JSlider();
sliderl.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder
("JSlider without Tick Marks"));
content.add(sliderl, BorderLayout.NORTH);
JSlider slider2 = new JSlider();
slider2.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder
("JSlider with Tick Marks"));
slider2.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
slider2.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
slider2.setPaintTicks(true);
content.add(slider2, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JSlider sliderS = new JSlider();
slider3.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder
14.8. JColorChooser
571
("JSlider with Tick Marks & Labels'

sliders.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
sliders.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
slider3.setPaintTicks(true);
sliderS . setPaintLcQêls (true) ;
content.add(sliders, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
packO ;
setVisible(true) ;
JSB9rv^thdytTtekMart<$
gSiderwt&itlfcktilafks
JSIidJif ? k s
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JSHder with Itafk? $, U N t s
I M ' ' I nT*77T7|
0 2Q 40 60 eC too
(a)
(6)
20
ifm
. 14.10. JSlider
: Windows; Java (Metal);
Motif
14.8. JColorChooser
J C o l o r C h o o s e r Swing. AWT
. J C o l o r C h o o s e r
. J C o l o r C h o o s e r
,
, , HSB (hue, saturation, brightness ,
, ) RGB.
J C o l o r C h o o s e r , J C o l o r C h o o s e r .
s h o w D i a l o g .
, ,
. :
JColorChooser.showDialog
(parent, " S e l e c t Background",
getBackground());
OK, Cancel Reset (. 14.11).

, C o l o r .
<Esc>
Cancel, n u l l .
J C o l o r C h o o s e r .
,
.
J C o l o r C h o o s e r J C o l o r C h o o s e r .
c r e a t e D i a l o g :
572
14. Swing
JColorChooser chooser
JDialog d i a l o g = new
this,
//
" S e l e c t Color",
//
true,
//
chooser,
//
okListener,
//
exitListener);
//
= new JColorChooser();
JColorChooser.createDialog(

, o k L i s t e n e r e x i t L i s t e n e r ,
, .
d i a l o g . s e t V i s i b l e ( t r u e ) ,
. JColorChooser JDialog,
, showDialog ! JColorChooser.
: JColorChooser.
public JColorChooser()
public JColorChooser(Color initialColor)
JColorChooser
C o l o r . w h i t e .
.
JColorChooser
JColorChooser.
public static Color shewDialog(Component parent, String title, Color initialColor)
,
JColorChooser. t i t l e i n i t i a l C o l o r
.
.
( Color) , ,
Cancel, n u l l .
public static JDialog createDialog(Component parent,
String title,
boolean modal,
JColorChooser chooser,
ActionListener okListener
ActionListener cancelListener)
JDialog, J c o l o r Chooser, .
14.8. JColorChooser
573
.
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r , ,
Cancel.
s e t C o l o r ,
s e t V i s i b l e . :
JColorChooser chooser = new JColorChooser();
JDialog d i a l o g = new J C o l o r C h o o s e r . c r e a t e D i a l o g ( . . . ) ;
chooser.setColor(someColor);
dialog.setVisible(true);
o k L i s t e n e r
getColor.
class okListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)) {
Color color = chooser.getColor;
repaint();
}
}
public Color getColorO

public void setColor(Color color)
public void setColor(int red, int green, int blue)
public void setColor(int color)
(Color),
JColorChooser. s e t C o l o r ( i n t r e d ,
i n t g r e e n , i n t b l u e ) RGB,
0-255. s e t C o l o r ( i n t c o l o r )
,
i n t .
Color.
14.10 JFrame ,
JColorChooser.
JFrame.
JColorChooser . 14.11.
1 4 . 1 0 . J C o l o r C h o o s e r T e s t . J a v a
/** , JColorChooser.
public c l a s s JColorChooserTest extends JFrame
implements A c t i o n L i s t e n e r {
new J C o l o r C h o o s e r T e s t ( ) ;
*/
574
14. Swing
public JColorChooserTest () {
super("Using JColorChooser");
JButton colorButton
= new JButton("Choose Background Color");
colorButton.addActionListener(this);
content.add(colorButton);
setSize(300, 100);
setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// ,
// .
Color bgColor
= JColorChooser.showDialog(this,
"Choose Background Color",
getBackgroundO ) ;
if (bgColor != null)
getContentPane().setBackground(bgColor);
}
^ C h o o s e Background Color
[Switches I 8 RGB
UJJJJJJJJ-
Recent:
dddi
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riiBlliH
D
Sample Text Sample Text
D
OK
Cancel
Reset
. 14.11.
JColorChooser
14.9.
575
14.9.
, Windows,
Microsoft PowerPoint, Corel Draw, Borland JBuilder Allaire HomeSite,
, (MDI
Multiple Document Interface). ,
, ,
. ,
.
.
MDI Swing . , J d e s k t o p , , . ,
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e , JFrame ,
JDesktopPane.
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e , ,
, ,
, , .
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e .
,
( ).
, z-: veToFront
moveToBack.
JInternalFrame
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e ,
. , ,
, .
public JInternalFrameO
public JInternalFrame(String title)
public JInternalFrame(String title,
boolean resizable,
boolean closeable,
boolean maximizable,
boolean iconifiable)
, ,
. , )'
, .
.
JInternalFrame
JInternalFrame , JFrame.
.
576
1 4 . Swing
public void setCloseable(boolean closeable)

public void setIconifiable(boolean iconifiable)
public void setMaximizable(boolean maximizable) public void
setResizable(boolean resizable)
. get set- isXxx,
. set P r o p e r t y V e t o E x c e p t i o n .
public String getTitleO
public void setTitle(String title)
g e t T i t l e ,
s e t T i t l e .
public void moveToBack()
public void moveToFrontO
z-
, .
public void show()
public void disposeO
show . ,
.
setBounds ( s e t L o c a t i o n , s e t S i z e ) ,
. , JLayeredPane,
, . d i s p o s e
INTERNAL_FRAME_CLOSED.

.
public void setFrameIcon(Icon image)

,
.
public void addInternalFrameListener(InternalFrameListener listener)
public void removeInternalFrameListener(InternalFrameListener listener)
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e s I n t e r n a l F r a m e E v e n t ,
WindowEvent. I n t e r n a l F r a m e L i s t e n e r
, ,
.
14.9.
internalFrameActivated
internalFrameClosed
internalFrameClosing
internalFrameDeactivated
internalFrameDeiconified
internalFramelconified
internalFrameOpened
577
a d d l n t e r n a l F r a m e L i s t e n e r ,
r e m o v e I n t e r n a l F r a m e L i s t e n e r .
JDesktopPane ,
J I n t e r n a l F r a m e , . g e t A l l F r a m e s
, .
g e t A l l F r a m e s I n L a y e r ( l a y e r )
JDesktopPane.
, 14.11,
, , , JFrame. ,
JDK 1.2 J I n t e r n a l F r a m e , ,
t r u e . JDK 1.3
f a l s e ,
s e t V i s i b l e ( t r u e ) . . 14.12, , . 14.12,6
.

JDK 1,2
true, JDK 1.3 false.
14.11. JlntemalFrames. Java

import java.awt.*;
/** , . */
public class JInternalFrames extends JFrame {
new JInternalFrames();
public JInternalFrames() {
super("Multiple Document Interface");
578
14. Swing
JDesktopPane desktop = new JDesktopPane();

desktop.setBackground(Color.white)/
content.add(desktop, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(450, 400);
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
JInternalFrame frame
= new JInternalFrame(("Internal Frame " + i ) ,
true, true, true, true);
frame.setLocation(i*50+10, i*50+10);
frame.setSize(200, 150);
frame.setBackground(Color.white);
desktop.add(frame)/
frame.moveToFront();
}
setVisible(true);
^ M u l t i p l e Document Interfac
^^^^
'^^.|^!^!^1<1
()
()
. 14.12. Swing- JFrames : ;
14.10. JOptionPane
, J O p t i o n P a n e ,
,
( J O p t i o n P a n e . s h o w M e s s a g e D i a l o g ) , ( J o p t i o n P a n e .
showConf i r m D i a l o g ) , ( J O p t i o n P a n e . ShowI n p u t D i a l o g ) , ( J o p t i o n
P a n e . s h o w O p t i o n D i a l o g ) . i n t , ,
, S t r i n g ,
.
14.10. JOptionPane
579
JOptionPane
J O p t i o n P a n e 26 , 7 59 .
,
.
. , ,
, .
. 14.1 ,
J O p t i o n P a n e .
1 4 . 1 . JOptionPane

PLAINMESSAGE
INFORMATION_MESSAGE
QUESTION_MESSAGE(no )
WARNING_MESSAGE
ERROR_MESSAGE
DE FAULTOPTI ON
OK_CANCEL_OPTION
YES_NO_OPTION
YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION (no )
,
YES_OPTION
^ 0 OPTION
CANCEL_OPTION
CLOSED_OPTION
public static v o i d s h o w M e s s s a g e D i a l o g ( C o m p o n e n t parent,
Object m e s s a g e ,
String title,
int iconType)
,
, .
, s h o w M e s s s a g e D i a l o g .
, i c o n T y p e .
. 14.1.
, s h o w M e s s s a g e D i a l o g , . 14.13.
580
14. Swing
1)
O'JESUON^^MESSAGE
INFORMATION UBSSf-^""-
(6)1
()
^
showMessageOiidoe ^^!
W^J^N!NOMeSSAGC
()
6RR0P_WESSADEIC0R
oiol
()
. 14.13. ( Windows)
: ;
; ;
PLAINMESSAGE . ,
m e s s a g e S t r i n g .
( O b j e c t ) . J C o m p o n e n t
, I c o n
J L a b e l ,
t o S t r i n g S t r i n g .
public static int s h o w C o n f i r m D i a l o g ( C o m p o n e n t parent,
String title,
int o p t i o n T y p e ,
int i c o n T y p e )
showConf i r m D i a l o g
,
: YES_OPTION, NO_OPTION, CANCEL_OPTION CLOSE_OPTION.
o p t i o n T y p e ( . 14.1) ,
.
. 14.14.
DEFAULT_OPTN
OK_CANCH-_OPTION
()
()
'1?1!1?
YESJtOJ)PJ
I Yes :
()
'
YES_NO_CANCEl._OPTION
Yes
No
()
Cancel I
No
. 14.14. ( Java),
showConfirmDialog: ;
0/1; Yes/No; Yes/No/Cancel
14.10. JOptionPane
581

.
int response =
JOptionPane.showConfirmDialcg
(parentComponent,
"Do you l i k e J a v a ? " ,
"Confirm Dialog Example",
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION,
JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
i f ( r e s p o n s e == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
/ / Y e s .
} e l s e i f ( r e s p o n s e == JOptionPane.NO_OPTION) {
/ / No.
} else {
/ / .
i c o n T y p e , .
p u b l i c static String s h o w I n p u t D i a l o g ( C o m p o n e n t parent,
String title,
int i c o n T y p e )
S h o w I n p u t D i a l o g ,
, , ,
Cancel. . 14.15.
Cancel.
S t r i n g , , .
Cancel,
n u l l . , ,
i c o n T y p e . . 14.1.
. 14.15. (
Motif), s h o w I n p u t D i a l o g
public static Object s h o w I n p u t D i a l o g ( C o m p o n e n t parent,

String title,
int i c o n T y p e ,
Icon icon,
Object[] s e l e c t i o n s .
Object initialSelection)
s h o w I n p u t D i a l o g
.
s e l e c t i o n s , -
582
14. Swing
. S t r i n g ,
, , t o S t r i n g .
20 ,
(. 14.16),
.
i n i t i a l S e l e c t i o n .
, t o S t r i n g .
Cancel,
n u l l . , ,
iconType.
; icon.
Message to appear intM coirAo box

Serulefs
[
OK
I ! CanceJ
. 14.16. (
Java)
public static Object showOptionDialog(Component parent,

Object message,
String title,
int iconType,
Icon image,
Object[] selections,
Object initialSelection)
showOptionDialog
OK Cancel (. 14.17). ,
s e l e c t i o n s JButton, i n i t i a l S e l e c t i o n
, .
s e l e c t i o n s S t r i n g ,
JButton. ,
s e l e c t i o n s :
Object[] s e l e c t i o n s = { "OK,
"Cancel";
new JButton("End Program")
};
s e l e c t i o n s JComponent.
showOptionDialog ,
. , ,
iconType. i c o n
.
?!1?1
Message to appear above options
|8utton1 ii
Bu11on2 1 Buttons |
. 14.17. (
Windows),
1 4 . 1 1 . JToolBar
583
,
s h o w O p t i o n D i a l o g showConf i r m D i a l o g .
, . ,
J P a n e l
J P a n e l .
, ,
J O p t i o n P a n e E x a m p l e s . J a v a .
h t t p : //www. c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/.
14.11. JToolBar
Swing ,
AWT, J T o o l B a r . J T o o l B a r ,

J P a n e l . J T o o l B a r
, "", ..
.
J T o o l B a r
. J T o o l B a r ,
"" , .
J T o o l B a r , (
)
J T o o l B a r . VERTICAL. NORTH
SOUTH , B o r d e r L a y o u t ,
EAST WEST .

NORTH SOUTH BorderLayout,
EAST WEST.
, J T o o l B a r ,
.
J b u t t o n , A c t i o n (
, A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
), J B u t t o n .
, ,
, J B u t t o n .
1. , ,
,
J B u t t o n . s e t M a r g i n ,
.
2. J B u t t o n ,
.
, s e t V e r t i c a l T e x t P o s i t i o n (BOTTOM) s e t HorizontalTextPosition(CENTER).
584
14. Swing
"" JToolBar . 14.18.
1^111||||
. 14.18. "" JToolBar,

JButton insets
14.12.ToolBarButton.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** , JToolBar.
* , JButton JToolBar
* { Action),
* .
* .
*
.
* JDK 1.3,
* Action, .
V
public class ToolBarButton extends JButton {
private static final Insets margins s=
new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0 ) ;
public ToolBarButton(Icon icon) {
super(icon);
setMargin(margins);
setVerticalTextPosition(BOTTOM);
setHorizontalTextPosition(CENTER);
}
public ToolBarButton(String imageFile) {
this(new Imagelcon(imageFile));
}
public ToolBarButton(String imageFile, String text) {
this(new Imagelcon(imageFile));
setText(text);
}
}
JToolBar
JToolBar :
public JToolBarO
public JToolBar(int orientation)
JToolBar,
.
: HORIZONTAL VERTICAL.
1 4 . 1 1 . JTooiBar
585
JTooiBar
JTooiBar 23 .
.
public JButton add(Action action)
,
, . A c t i o n
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ( a c t i o n Performed, ActionEvent).
add A b s t r a c t A c t i o n (
, Action. A b s t r a c t A c t i o n
Icon S t r i n g , ,
. A b s t r a c t A c t i o n :
public class MyApplet extends JApplet{
public void init{
JTooiBar toolbar = new JTooiBar();
toolbar.add(new PrintAction());
getContentPane().add(toolbar,
BorderLayout.WEST);
}
// ,
class PrintAction extends AbstractAction {
public PrintAction() {
super("Print",new Imagelcon("print.gif"));
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
System.out.println("Print button selected.");
}
}
J B u t t o n A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
, add (someButton).
, C o n t a i n e r .
JDK 1.2 A c t i o n
, . JDK 1.3
. .

JDK 1.2 Action
, , JDK 1.3
.
^^^^^
|fl|HL
/^
^|||^
586
14. Swing
JDK 1.3 API A c t i o n

, A c t i o n ,
JToolBar.
JToolBar t o o l b a r = new J T o o l B a r ( ) ;
JButton b u t t o n = new J B u t t o n O ;
button.setAction(new PrintAction());
toolbar.add(button);
, .
public void addSeparator()
public void addSeparator(Dimension size)

.
. a d d S e p a r a t o r
Dimension,
.
public void setFloatable(boolean float)
s e t F l o a t a b l e , "",
s e t O r i e n t a t i o n . set-
get-, .
, 14.13 14.14,
JFrame,
JToolBar. JToolBar
Web-. ,
, ( JCheckBox).
J B u t t o n . . 14.19 ,
"" ,
"" . ,
, .
14.13.ToolBarExample.Java
/** , JToolBar. */
p u b l i c c l a s s JToolBarExample extends JFrame
implements I t e m L i s t e n e r {
p r i v a t e BrowserToolBar toolbarsp r i v a t e JCheckBox labelBox;
new JToolBarExample();
14.11. JToolBar
}
public JToolBarExample() {
super("JToolBar Example");
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
labelBox = new JCheckBox("Show Text Labels?");
labelBox.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
labelBox.addltemListener(this);
panel.add(new JTextArea(10,30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
panel.add(labelBox, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
toolbar = new BrowserToolBar();
content.add(toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
content.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
}
toolbar.setTextLabels(labelBox.isSelected());
packO ;
}
}
14.14,BrowserToolBar.Java
import java.awt.'^;
/** , JToolBar.
* ,
* Web-.
*
* JButton ToolBarButton. ,
* ,
* ,
* .
V
public class BrowserToolBar extends JToolBar {
public BrowserToolBar() {
String[] imageFiles =
{ "Left.gif", "Right.gif", "RotCCUp.gif",
"TrafficRed.gif", "Home .gif", "Print.gif", "Help.gif"
String[] toolbarLabels =
{ "Back", "Forward", "Reload", "Stop",
"Home", "Print", "Help" };
587
588
14. Swing
Insets margins = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0 ) ;

for(int i=0; i<toolbarLabels.length; i++) {
ToolBarButton button =
new ToolBarButton("images/" + imageFiles[i] ;
button.setToolTipText(toolbarLabels[i]) ;
button.setMargin(margins);
add(button);
}
}
public void setTextLabels(boolean labelsAreEnabled) {
Component c;
int i = 0;
while((c = getComponentAtIndex(i++)) != null) {
ToolBarButton button = (ToolBarButton)c;
if (labelsAreEnabled) {
button.setText(button.getToolTipText())/
} else {
button.setText(null);
}
}
}
?
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. 14.19. JToolBar: "

" ; ""
; "" ;
14.12. JEditorPane
589
14.12. JEditorPane
J E d i t o r P a n e ,
.
J E d i t o r P a n e HTML RTF,
,
. ,
, s e t C o n t e n t T y p e , ,
, s e t E d i t o r K i t .
t e x t / h t m l , t e x t / r t f t e x t / p l a i n . ,
, t e x t / p l a i n .
HTML-. J T e x t F i e l d .

JEditorPane.
1. JEditorPane
URL S t r i n g , URL ( Java- URL
). , ,
URL, lOException,
t r y / c a t c h .
2. J E d i t o r P a n e ,
, s e t Page.
URL, S t r i n g ,
. J E d i t o r P a n e ,
s e t P a g e lOException.
,

.
3. J E d i t o r P a n e
s e t T e x t , S t r i n g ,
.
4. read,
I n p u t S t r e a m n HTMLDocument.
, ,
J E d i t o r P a n e .
s e t E d i t a b l e ( f a l s e ) ,
. Swing-, s e t E d i t a b l e ( f a l s e )
.
String u r l = " h t t p : / / h o s t / p a t h / f i l e . h t m l " ;
try {
JEditorPane htmlPane = new J E d i t o r P a n e ( u r l ) ;
htmlPane.setEditable(false);
590
14. Swing
someWindow.add(new JScrollPane(htmlPane);
System.err.println("Error displaying " + url);
}
no
, J E d i t o r P a n e
HTML-.
, ,
, J E d i t o r P a n e
.
H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r (, H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r , H y p e r L i n k L i s t e n e r ) , h y p e r l i n k U p d a t e .
a d d H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r .
g e t E v e n t
H y p e r l i n k E v e n t . E v e n t T y p e .ACTIVATED.
Swing, Java 1.2, ,
, .
, , .
public class SomeWindow extends JFrame
implements HyperlinkListener {
private JEditorPane htmlPane;
public void hyperlinkUpdate(HyperlinkEvent event) {

if (event.getEventType() ==
HyperlinkEvent.EventType.ACTIVATED) {
try {
htmlPane.setPage(event.getUIUi ()) ;
//
}
}
JEditorPane
J E d i t o r P a n e :
public JEditorPaneO
public JEditorPane(String url)
public J E d i t o r P a n e ( U R L url)
public JEditorPane(String m i m e T y p e , String d o c u m e n t )
. URL URL String -
14.12. JEditorPane
591
HTML-,
lOException. 1-
( t e x t / p l a i n , t e x t / h t m l t e x t / r t f ) .
JEditorPane
Knacca>JEditorPane.
getXxx setXxx.
public String getContentTypeO
public void setContentType(String mimeType)
g e t C o n t e n t T y p e , a s e t C o n t e n t T y p e MIME-.
t e x t / p l a i n , t e x t / h t m l t e x t / r t f .
public String getTextO
public void setText(String document)
, J E d i t o r P a n e ,
. MIME, .
public void replaceSelection(String newText)
r e p l a c e S e l e c t i o n
. ().
n u l l , .
, S t r i n g ,
. ,
. ,
s e t E d i t a b l e ( t r u e ) .
public URL getPageO
public void setPage(String page)
public void setPage(URL url)
g e t Page URL ,
J E d i t o r P a n e . .
URL
. URL.
lOException,
t r y / c a t c h .
public synchronized void addHyperlinkListener(HyperlinkListener listener)
public synchronized void removeHyperlinkListener(HyperlinkListener listener)
a d d H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r J E d i t o r P a n e
H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r ,
. r e m o v e H y p e r l i n k L i s t e n e r .
592
14. Swing
,
.
public void read(InputStream in, Object description)
JEdi t o r .
HTMLDocument
HTMLEditorKit, .
(JTextComponent)
.
Web-
JEdi tor URL ,
Web-. 14.15 14.16 ,
- .
http://www. corewebprogramming.
com/. . 14.20
(http: //www. jhuapl. edu/rc/).
14,15.Browser.Java
import
import
import
import
import
import
javax.swing.*;
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
java.net.*;
java.io.*;
/ "Web-",
* Swing. URL, ,
* , ,
* .
V
public class Browser extends JFrame implements HyperlinkListener,
ActionListener {
if (args.length == 0)
new Browser("http://www.corewebprogramming.com/");
else
new Browser(args [0]);
}
private
private
private
private
JIconButton homeButton;
JTextField urlField;
JEditorPane htmlPane;
String initialURL;
public Browser(String initialURL) {

super("Simple Swing Browser");
this.initialURL = initialURL;
addWindowListener(new ExitListener()) ;
14.12. JEditorPane
JPanel topPanel = new JPanelO;
topPanel.setBackground(Color.lightGray) ;
homeButton = new JIconButton("home.gif");
homeButton.addActionListener(this);
JLabel urlLabel = new JLabel("URL:");
urlField = new JTextField(30);
urlField.setText(initialURL) ;
urlField.addActionListener(this);
topPanel.add(homeButton);
topPanel.add(urlLabel);
topPanel.add(urlField);
getContentPane0.add(topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
try {
htmlPane = new JEditorPane(initialURL);
htmlPane.setEditable(false);
htmlPane.addHyperlinkListener(this);
JScrollPane scrollPane new JScrollPane(htmlPane);
getContentPane().add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER)
warnUser("Can't build HTML pane for " + initialURL
+ ": " + ioe);
}
Dimension screenSize = getToolkit().getScreenSize();
int width = screenSize.width * 8 / 10;
int height = screenSize.height * 8 / 10;
setBounds(width/8, height/8, width, height);
setVisible(true);
}
String url;
if (event.getSource () == urlField) {
url = urlField.getText0;
} else { // Clicked "home" button instead of entering URL.
url = initialURL;
}
try {
htmlPane.setPage(new URL(url));
urlField.setText(url);
warnUser("Can't follow link to " + url + ": " + ioe);
}
}
public void hyperlinkUpdate(HyperlinkEvent event) {
if (event.getEventType 0 ==
HyperlinkEvent.EventType.ACTIVATED) {
try {
htmlPane.setPage(event.getURL());
urlField.setText(event.getURL().toExternalForm());
warnUser("Can't follow link to "
+ event.getUIUiO.toExternalForm0
+ ": " + ioe)
593
594
14. Swing
private void warnUser(String message) {

JOptionPane.ShowMessageDialog(this, message, "Error",
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
14.16.JIconButton.Java
import javax.swing.^;
/** JButton Imagelcon */
public class JIconButton extends JButton
public JIconButton(String file) {
super(new Imagelcon(file));
setContentAreaFilled(false);
setBorderPainted(false);
setFocusPainted(false);
}
}
Simple Swing Browser

URL' jhttp/Awwwjhuapl ecJu/rc/
The Milion S. Eisenhower
Research & Technology

Development Center
APL scientists work at the frontiers of many research fields to support

technical program needs. Research Is performed in all of APL's technical
departments. However, the Milton S. Eisenhower Research and Technology
Development Center (RTDC) Is dedicated to basic and applied research in
support of APL's mission. In addition to nurturing scientifically based,
in-house expertise In newly developing areas, the RTDC provides a window
into science for APL. The RTDC contains numerous highly specialized
laboratories and conducts research programs in a number of broad areas.
Jj
. 14.20. ,
Swing. JEditorPane HTML
14.13. Swing-
595
HTML JavaHelp
HTML 4.0. , ,
, HTML- J E d i t o r P a n e ,
.
, HTML-, .
HTML-,
. . Sun
JavaHelp,
. JavaHelp
h t t p : / / J a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o j e c t s / j a v a h e l p / .
14.13. Swing-
, ,
Swing-, AWT-: J C h e c k B o x ,
J R a d i o B u t t o n , J T e x t F i e l d J T e x t A r e a . ,
J F i l e C h o o s e r , .
(Kim
Topley) CoreJava Foundation Classes.
JCheckBox
Swing- JCheckBox (
JCheckBox) , AWT- Checkbox.
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r .
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r i s S e l e c t e d ,
. I t e m L i s t e n e r I t e m E v e n t
; JCheckBox,
g e t S t a t e C h a n g e
I t e m E v e n t . SELECTED I t e m E v e n t . DESELECTED. ,
JCheckBox ,
s e t C o n t e n t A r e a F i l l e d ( f a l s e ) . ,
, ( s e t l c o n ) . ,
,
( s e t S e l e c t e d l c o n ) . 14.17
I t e m L i s t e n e r A c t i o n L i s t e n e r .
.
J C h e c k B o x T e s t . J a v a . 14.21.
596
14. Swing
14.17. JCheclcBoxTest. Java

public class JCheckBoxTest extends JPanel
implements ItemListener,
ActionListener{
JCheckBox checkBoxl, checkBox2;
public JCheckBoxTest0 {
checkBoxl = new JCheckBox("Java Servlets");
checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("JavaServer Pages");
checkBoxl.setContentAreaFilled(false);
checkBox2.setContentAreaFilled(false);
checkBoxl.addltemListener(this);
checkBox2.addActionListener(this);
add(checkBoxl);
add(checkBox2) ;
}
System.out.println("JavaServer Pages selected; " +
checkBox2.isSelected() ) ;
}
JCheckBox checkbox = (JCheckBox)event.getltem();
if (event.getStateChange0 == ItemEvent.SELECTED) {
System, out .println (checkbox. getText () -f- " selected.");
} else {
System.out.println(checkbox.getText() + " deselected.");
}
}
JPanel panel = new JCheckBoxTest();
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(panel, 300, 7 5 ) ;
}
. 14.21. JCheckBox
14.13. Swmg-
597
JRadioButton
Swing- JRadioButton AWT- Checkbox,
CheckboxGroup.
JRadioButtons, ButtonGroup.
, ButtonGroup, .
JCheckBox,
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r I t e m L i s t e n e r . , ,
ActionEvent ItemEvent, ,
, ItemEvent.
, JRadioButton ,
s e t C o n t e n t A r e a F i l l e d ( f a l s e ) . JCheckBox,
, ,
( s e t Icon). ,
( s e t S e l e c t e d l c o n ) .
, , 14.18,
. 14.22.
14.18. JRadioButtonTest. Java
import j a v a x . s w i n g . J R a d i o B u t t o n ;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
p u b l i c c l a s s JRadioButtonTest extends JPanel
implements I t e m L i s t e n e r
public JRadioButtonTest0 {
S t r i n g [ ] l a b e l s = {"Java Swing","Java S e r v l e t s " ,
"JavaServer Pages"};
JRadioButton[] b u t t o n s = new J R a d i o B u t t o n [ 3 ] ;
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
f o r ( i n t i=0; i < b u t t o n s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
b u t t o n s [ i ] = new J R a d i o B u t t o n ( l a b e l s [ i ] ) ;
buttons[i].setContentAreaFilled(false);
buttons[i].addltemListener(this);
group.add(buttons[i]);
add(buttons[i]);
}

JRadioButton radiobutton = (JRadioButton)event.getltem();
if (event.getStateChange0 == ItemEvent.SELECTED) {
System.out.println(radiobutton.getText() + " selected.");
} else {
System.out.println(radiobutton.getText() + " deselected.")
598
14. Swing

JPanel panel = new JRadioButtonTest();
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(panel, 400, 75);
Java Swing
^ SeryletS
javaServer Pages
. 14.22. J R a d i o B u t t o n
JTextField
Swing- J T e x t F i e l d
AWT- T e x t F i e I d .
, . T e x t F i e I d ,
J T e x t F i e l d , ,
s e t T e x t , s e t C o l u m n s s e t H o r i z o n t a l A l i g n m e n t .
J T e x t F i e l d . LEFT, J T e x t F i e l d . CENTER
J T e x t F i e l d . R I G H T . g e t T e x t .
<Enter> A c t i o n E v e n t ,
D o c u m e n t E v e n t . ^, J T e x t F i e l d
, J P a s s w o r d F i e l d .
JTextArea
Swing- J T e x t A r e a AWT- T e x t A r e a
. -, J T e x t A r e a
. Swing-,
J S c r o l l P a n e . -, J T e x t A r e a
. , J E d i t o r P a n e HTML- RTF.
JFileChooser
J F i l e C h o o s e r (. 14.23)
, .
J F i l e C h o o s e r
S t r i n g , ( "." )^ ).
, ( s e t S e l e c t e d F i l e ) , (
F i l e F i l t e r ).
14.13. Swing-
599
s e t D i a l o g T i t l e . ,
s h o w O p e n D i a l o g s h o w S a v e D i a l o g ,
. , ,
.
J F i l e C h o o s e r . APPROVEOPTION, ,
Cancel. ,
g e t S e l e c t e d F i l e . :
JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(".");
int result = chooser.ShowOpenDialog(parent);
File file = chooser.getSelectedFile();
if (file != null &&
result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
//
}
s e t M u l t i S e l e c t i o n E n a b l e d ( t r u e ) ,
. g e t S e l e c t e d F i l e s
F i l e .
[
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. 14.23. J F i l e C h o o s e r

JComponent B o r d e r ,
. s e t B o r d e r .
, ,
. ,
s e t T o o l T i p T e x t .
14-14.
Swing-,
AWT: J L a b e l , J B u t t o n , J S l i d e r , J P a n e l , J A p p l e t J F r a m e . ,
, Swing, J C o l o r C h o o s e r ,
J O p t i o n P a n e J I n t e r n a l F r a m e . Swing-, ,
Java-.
J F r a m e J A p p l e t J P a n e l ,
. J F r a m e J A p p l e t
BorderLayout.
Swing- .
, , -
600
14. Swing
. ,
. HTML-.

;
. JOpt ion
, ,
, .
JColorChooser .
Swing API.
J L i s t , JTree
JTable.
, . ,
, Java-
.

SWING
...
J L i s t
.
,
J L i s t .
JTree.
,
J T r e e .
JTable .
JTable.
Swing- .
Swing- .
J^y\zJsJ:J
,
: J L i s t , J T r e e J T a b l e . Swing
AWT- L i s t , ,
, J L i s t .
J T r e e J T a b l e AWT-. J T r e e
.
, .
J T a b l e .
*'--",
.
, , .
,
.
J L a b e l .
, ,
.
,
Swing,
.
: Swing
. G r a p h i c s 2D, 10,
. ,
,
, Swing-.
AWT Swing-
. Swing-
UI-,
. Swing- ,
.
604
15. Swing
Swing- , .
r u n R u n n a b l e
.
, ,
Java 2.
, Swing- JAR-,
Java Plug-In.
1 5 . 1 .

Swing-
. ;
, , ,
. Swing
. , Swing .
, ;
.
J L i s t , J T r e e J T a b l e
. , J L i s t S t r i n g
I c o n ,
t o S t r i n g , J L a b e l . . Swing

, J L i s t .
, ,
" ",
J L i s t , (, ,
).
J C o m p o n e n t .
,
J L i s t .
J T r e e J T a b l e .
15.2. JList
J L i s t ,
. J L i s t .
;
J L i s t .
, . ,
,
. , ,
, ,
J C o m p o n e n t .
15.2. JList
605
JList
J L i s t ,
. AWT- L i s t , J L i s t
.
ListModel, .

;
, .
S t r i n g [ ] o p t i o n s = { "Option 1", . . . , "Option N" };
J L i s t o p t i o n L i s t = new J L i s t ( o p t i o n s ) ;
s e t V i s i b l e RowCount. , J L i s t .
Swing, J S c r o l l P a n e .
optionList.setVisibleRowCount(4);
JScrollPane optionPane = new JScrollPane(optionList);
someContainer.add(optionPane);
J L i s t L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t ,
L i s t S e l e c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
valueChanged. ,
. ,
, ,
. g e t V a l u e l s A d j u s t i n g L i s t S e l e c t i o n
Event true,
, ,
f a l s e .
,
, g e t S e l e c t e d V a l u e g e t S e l e c t e d l n d e x .
JList ,
s e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e .
: SINGLESELECTION,
SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION.
g e t S e l e c t e d V a l u e s
g e t S e l e c t e d l n d i c e s . J L i s t .
p u b l i c c l a s s SomeClass {
private JList optionList;
p u b l i c void someMethod() {
MyListListener l i s t e n e r = new M y L i s t L i s t e n e r ( ) ;
optionList.addListSelectionListener(listener);
}
p r i v a t e c l a s s MyListListener
implements L i s t S e l e c t i o n L i s t e n e r {
p u b l i c void v a l u e C h a n g e d ( L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t event) {
606
15. Swing
//
//
//
if
.
getValuelsAdjusting
false,
(!event.getValuelsAdjusting) {
String selection =
optionList.getSelectedValue{);
doSomethingWith(selection);
}
}
,
, g e t V a l u e l s A d j u s t i n g L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t
, f a l s e . ,
, , .

ListSelectionEvent.
, ,
getValuelsAdjusting
false.
JList
J L i s t :
p u b l i c JList()
p u b l i c JList(Object[] data)
p u b l i c JList(Vector data)
p u b l i c JList(ListModel m o d e l )
J L i s t , .
,
V e c t o r .
L i s t M o d e l , ,
.
JList
J L i s t 60 . ,
, .
public void clearSelection()
.
p u b l i c L i s t M o d e l getModel()
p u b l i c void s e t M o d e l ( L i s t M o d e l m o d e l )
g e t M o d e l , ,
. s e t M o d e l .
15.2. JList
607
public int getSelectedIndex()

public int[] getSelectedlndicesO
g e t S e l e c t e d l n d e x
. g e t S e l e c t e d l n d i c e s ,
.
public Object getSelectedValue()
public Object[] getSelectedValuesO
g e t S e l e c t e d V a l u e .
g e t S e l e c t e d V a l u e s Object,
.
public int getSelectionModeO
public setSelectionMode(int mode)
g e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e , a s e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e
. :
ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION,
ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION
ListSelectionModel.MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION.
public boolean getValuelsAdjustingO

L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t :
, (
) (
). g e t V a l u e l s A d j u s t i n g
t r u e , ( ,
) f a l s e .
public int getVisibleRowCountO
public void setVisibleRowCount(int rows)
getVisibleRowCount , a setVisibleRowCount
.
public boolean isSelectedIndex(int index)
t r u e , .
f a l s e .
15.1 , J L i s t ,
, .
, J L i s t ,
(. 15.1). W i n d o w U t i l i t i e s E x i t L i s t e n e r
14. , ,
, h t t p : //www. corewebprograrraning.com/.
608
15. Swing
15.1. JListSimpleExample. Java

import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
/** Simple JList example illustrating

* <UL>
* <LI>Coae JList;
* JList
* <LI> .
* </UL>
public class JListSimpleExample extends JFrame {
new JListSimpleExample0;
}
private JList sampleJList;
private JTextField valueField;
public JListSimpleExample() {
super("Creating a Simple JList");
// JList, ,
//
// JScrollPane.
String[] entries = { "Entry 1", "Entry 2", "Entry 3",
"Entry 4", "Entry 5", "Entry 6" };
sampleJList = new JList(entries);
sampleJList.setVisibleRowCount(4);
sampleJList.addListSelectionListener(new ValueReporter());
JScrollPane listPane = new JScrollPane(sampleJList);
Font displayFont = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 18);
sampleJList.setFont(displayFont);
JPanel listPanel = new JPanelO;
listPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
Border listPanelBorder =
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Sample JList");
listPanel.setBorder(listPanelBorder);
listPanel.add(listPane);
content.add(listPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JLabel valueLabel = new JLabel("Last Selection:");
valueLabel.setFont(displayFont);
valueField = new JTextField("None", 7 ) ;
valueField.setFont(displayFont);
valueField.setEditable(false) ;
JPanel valuePanel = new JPanelO;
valuePanel.setBackground(Color.white);
15.2. JList
609
Border valuePanelBorder =
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("JList Selection")
valuePanel.setBorder(valuePanelBorder);
valuePanel.add(valueLabel) ;
valuePanel.add(valueField) ;
content.add(valuePanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
private class ValueReporter implements ListSelectionListener {
/**
* .
* , ,
* .
* getValuelsAdjusting
* true; .
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent event) {
if (!event.getValuelsAdjusting()) {
Object value = sampleJList.getSelectedValue();
if (value != null) {
valueField.setText(value.toString());
}
}
Sample JList
Entry 1 '
Entry!
Entry 4jrj
JList Selection
Last Selection: JEntry 5
. 15.1. JList
JList
J L i s t ,
DefaultListModel, . D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l
, j a v a . u t i l . Vector,
, .
, J L i s t .
DefaultListModel J L i s t .
610
15. Swing
J L i s t
. ,
V e c t o r . :
S t r i n g c h o i c e s = { "Choice 1", . . . , "Choice N " } ;
D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l sampleModel = new D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l ( ) ;
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < c h o i c e s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
sampleModel.addElement(choices[i]);
}
J L i s t o p t i o n L i s t = new J L i s t ( s a m p l e M o d e l ) ;
a d d E l e m e n t , r e m o v e ( i n d e x )
.
,
, J L i s t , r e v a l i d a t e v a l i d a t e .
15.2 J L i s t
D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l , .
J B u t t o n , A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ,
I t e m A d d e r . a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d
,
r e v a l i d a t e , J L i s t .
. 15.2.
1 5 . 2 . D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l E x a m p l e . j a v a
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
J L i s t ,
<UL>
<LI>Coae JList DefaultListModel,

JList.
<LI>oaee
( , DefaultListModel)
</UL>
public class DefaultListModelExample extends JFrame {

new DefaultListModelExample0;
}
JList sampleJList;
private DefaultListModel sampleModel;
public DefaultListModelExample() {
super("Creating a Simple JList");
15.2. JList
string[] entries = { "Entry 1", "Entry 2", "Entry 3",

"Entry 4", "Entry 5", "Entry 6" };
sampleModel = new DefaultListModel();
for(int i=0; i<entries.length; i++) {
sampleModel.addElement(entries[i]);
}
sampleJList = new JList(sampleModel);
sampleJList.setVisibleRowCount(4);
JScrollPane listPane = new JScrollPane(sampleJList);
JPanel listPanel = new JPanelO;
listPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
Border listPanelBorder =
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Sample JList");
listPanel.setBorder(listPanelBorder);
listPanel.add(listPane);
content.add(listPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JButton addButton =
new JButton("Add Entry to Bottom of JList");
addButton.setFont(displayFont);
addButton.addActionListener(new ItemAdder());
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanelO;
buttonPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
Border buttonPanelBorder =
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Adding Entries");
buttonPanel.setBorder(buttonPanelBorder);
buttonPanel.add(addButton);
content.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
pack () ;
setVisible(true);
private class ItemAdder implements ActionListener {
/** ListModel
* . ,
* (, "Entry 10" "Entry 9"),
* .
* <1></1> .
V
int index = sampleModel.getSize();
sampleModel.addElement("Entry " + (index+1));
((JComponent)getContentPane()).revalidate();
sampleJList.setSelectedlndex(index);
sampleJList.ensurelndexIsVisible(index);
}
611
612
15. Swing
Sample JLIst
Entry 1 0 ^
Entry 11
[Entry 12 I
Adding Entries
[ Add Entry to Bottom of J l i s t

I iTi T imi i-^mtri r
. 15.2. D e f a u l t L i s t M o d e l
J L i s t
JList
,
, .
,
. J L i s t ,
, ,
ListModel.
ListModel
public Object getElementAt(int index)
, .
public int getSizeO
.
public void addListDataListener(ListDataListener listener)
a d d L i s t D a t a L i s t e n e r ,
,
.
public void removeListDataListener(ListDataListener listener)
.
15.3 J L i s t ,
. J a v a L o c a t i o n ,
"Java".
JavaLocationModel,
15.4. ListModel
.
J L i s t , J l i s t CustomModel ( 15.3).
15.2. JList
613
J a v a L o c a t i o n C o l l e c t i o n ( 15.5)
J a v a L o c a t i o n ( 15.6). J a v a L o c a t i o n
"Java", ,
, , .
. 15.3.
15.3. JListCustomModel. Java
import
import
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
/** J L i s t ,
* ListModel,
* (JavaLocationListModel).
public class JListCustomModel extends JFrame {
new JListCustomModel0;
}
public JListCustomModel() {
superC'JList with a Custom Data Model");
JavaLocationCollection collection =
new JavaLocationCollectionO ;
JavaLocationListModel listModel =
new JavaLocationListModel(collection);
JList sampleJList = new JList(listModel);
content.add(sampleJList);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
15.4.JavaLocationListModel.Java
import javax.swing.event.*;
/** , ListModel.
* ,
* ,
* AbstractListModel
* .
V
public class JavaLocationListModel implements ListModel {
614
15. Swing
private JavaLocationCollection collection;

public JavaLocationListModel(JavaLocationCollection collection)
{
this.collection = collection;
}
public Object getElementAt(int index) {
return(collection.getLocations0 [index]);
}
public int getSizeO {
return(collection.getLocations().length);
}
public void addListDataListener(ListDataListener 1) {}
public void removeListDataListener(ListDataListener 1) {}
15.5. JavaLocationCollection.Java
/** , JavaLocation,
* , ,
* .
public class JavaLocationCollection {
private static JavaLocation[] defaultLocations =
{ new JavaLocation("Belgium",
"near Liege",
"flags/belgium.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Brazil",
"near Salvador",
"flags/brazil.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Colombia",
"near Bogota",
"flags/colombia.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Indonesia",
"main island",
"flags/indonesia.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Jamaica",
"near Spanish Town",
"flags/Jamaica.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Mozambique",
"near Sofala",
"flags/mozambique.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Philippines",
"near Quezon City",
"flags/philippines.gif") ,
new JavaLocation("Sao Tome",
"near Santa Cruz",
"flags/saotome.gif") ,
15.2. JList
new JavaLocation("Spain",
"near Viana de Bolo",
"flags/spain.gif"),
new JavaLocation("Suriname",
"near Paramibo",
"flags/suriname.gif"),
new JavaLocation("United States",
"near Montgomery, Alabama",
"flags/usa.gif"),
"near Needles, California",
"flags/usa.gif"),
"near Dallas, Texas",
"flags/usa.gif")
};
private JavaLocation[] locations;
private int numCountries;
public JavaLocationCollection(JavaLocation[] locations) {
this.locations = locations;
this.numCountries = countCountries(locations);
}
public JavaLocationCollection() {
this(defaultLocations);
}
public JavaLocation[] getLocations() {
return(locations);
}
public int getNumCountries() {
return(numCountries);
}
// , .
// , ,
private int countCountries(JavaLocation[] locations) {
int n = 0;
String currentCountry, previousCountry = "None";
for(int i=0;i<locations.length;i++) {
currentCountry = locations[i].getCountry();
if (IpreviousCountry.equals(currentCountry)) {
n++;
}
currentCountry = previousCountry;
}
return(n);
615
616
15. Swing
15.6.JavaLocation.Java
/** , : country,
* comment flagFile. ,
* ,
* "Java," ,
* ,
* .
* , ,
* , JList.
V
public class JavaLocation {
private String country, comment, flagFile;
public JavaLocation(String country. String comment.
String flagFile) {
setCountry(country);
setComment(comment);
setFlagFile(flagFile);
}
/ , */
public String toStringO {
return("Java, " + getCountryO
+ " (" + getComment() + ").")
/** ,
"Java." */
public String getCountryO {
return(country);
/** ,
"Java." */
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
/**
*
*
*
*/
,

"Java".
" < >".
public String getComment() {

return(comment);
}
/** ,

"Java". */
15.2. JList
617
public void setCoiranent(String comment) {

this.comment = comment;
/**
. */
public String getFlagFile{) {
return(flagFile) ;
/**
. */
public void setFlagFile(String flagFile) {
this.flagFile = flagFile;
}
Java Belgimn (near Liege).

Java Brazil (near Salvador).
Java Colombia (near Bogota).
Java. Indonesia (hiain island).
Java Jamaica (near Spanish Town).
Java Mozambique (near Sofala).
Java HdUppines (near Quezon City).
Java Sao Tome (near Santa Cruz).
Java Spain (near Viana de Bolo).
Java Suriname (near Paramibo).
Java United States (near Montgomery, Alabama).
Java, United States (near Needles, California).
Java United States (near Dallas, Texas).
. 15.3. J L i s t ,
, ,
,
JList ,
J L i s t ,
, ,
.
J L a b e l ,
. Icon, J L a b e l
. , ,
,
L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r ,
J L i s t .
618
15. Swing
ListCellRenderer
L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r g e t L i s t CellRendererComponent.
public Component getListCellRendererComponent(JList list,
Object value,
int index,
boolean isSelected,
boolean cellHasFocus)
g e t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r C o m p o n e n t ,
(value), ,
J L i s t . J L i s t .
, ,
(, ),
.
, , .. , ,
, .
, Java 2 Platform
Def a u l t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r , L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r .
Def a u l t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r JLabel.

,
"Java". ,

, . 15.8 J a v a L o c a t i o n Renderer, L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r . g e t L i s t C e l l
RendererComponent ,
J a v a L o c a t i o n , J L a b e l . J L i s t
s e t C e l l R e n d e r e r ( 15.7).
15.7.JListCustomRenderer.Java
/** J L i s t ,
* ,
*
(JavaLocationRenderer).
V
p u b l i c c l a s s JListCustomRenderer extends JFrame {
new J L i s t C u s t o m R e n d e r e r 0 ;
p u b l i c JListCustomRenderer() {
s u p e r ( " J L i s t with a Custom Cell Renderer")
15.2. JList
619
new JavaLocationCollection0;
JavaLocationListModel listModel =
new JavaLocationListModel(collection);
JList sampleJList = new JList(listModel);
sampleJList.setCellRenderer(new JavaLocationRenderer())
content.add(sampleJList) ;
packO ;
setVisible(true) ;
}
}
,
, ..,
D e f a u l t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r ( L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r )
J L a b e l ,
. , 15.8 , )^ J L a b e l ,
s u p e r . g e t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r , I c o n . ,
J L a b e l . ,
g e t L i s t C e l l R e n d e r e r C o m p o n e n t ,

, .

J L a b e l Image I c o n .
, -, Image I c o n
J a v a L o c a t i o n . J a v a L o c a t i o n
, Image I c o n , .
J L i s t ,
, , . 15.4.'
1 5 . 8 . J a v a L o c a t i o n R e n d e r e r . J a v a
import
import
import
javax.swing.*;
java.awt.*;
java.util.*;
/** .
* " " .
* ,
*
* . ,
* J L a b e l ,
* .
* <>
*
620
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
15. Swing
.
Imagelcon,
- Hashtable,
. ,
, .
<>
JDK 1.2 ,
, :
.
, Imagelcon,
JList .
, value
JavaLocation, .
public class JavaLocationRenderer extends

DefaultListCellRenderer {
private Hashtable iconTable = new Hashtable();
public Component getListCellRendererComponent(JList list.
Object value,
int index,
boolean isSelected,
boolean hasFocus) {
// JLabel, ,
// .
JLabel label =
(JLabel)super.getListCellRendererComponent(list,
value,
index,
isSelected,
hasFocus) ;
if (value instanceof JavaLocation) {
JavaLocation location = (JavaLocation)value;
Imagelcon icon = (Imagelcon)iconTable.get(value);
if (icon == null) {
icon = new Imagelcon(location.getFlagFile0);
iconTable.put: (value, icon) ;
}
label.setlcon(icon);
} else {
// ;
// JDK 1.2.
label.setlcon(null);
}
return(label);
}
15.3. JTree
621
Java, Belfiiini (near Liege).

^ Java, Brazil (near Salvador).
I M H J Java, Colombia (near Bogota).
Java, Indonesia (nniin island).
j ^ l Java, Jamaica (near Spanish Town).
N H H Java, Mozambique (near Sofala).
Java, Philippines (near Quezon City).
Java, Sao Tome (near Santa Cruz).
Java, Spain (near Viana de Bolo).
Java, Suriname (near Paramibo).
Java, United States (near Montgomery, Alabama).
Java, United States (near Needles, California).
Java, United States (near Dallas, Texas).
15.3.
. 15.4. JList

.
Swing-
JTree
J T r e e ()
. JTree,
, ,
, (,
), , ,
, , .
JTree
JTree
Def aultMutableTreeNode, .
, , .
, .
, De f a u l t t a b l e TreeNode , " ".
S t r i n g ,
t o S t r i n g .
, ,
parentNode . add (childNode).
JTree. -
622
15. Swing
( ), JTree
JScrollPane. , ,
.
DefaultMutableTreeNode root =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Root");
DefaultMutableTreeNode childl =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Child 1"};
root.add(childl);
DefaultMutableTreeNode child2 =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Child 2 " ) ;
root.add(child2);
JTree tree = new JTree(root);
someWindow.add(new JScrollPane(tree));
,
.
, , ,
.
DefaultMutableTreeNode
D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e :
public D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e ( )
public D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e ( O b j e c t data)
public D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e ( O b j e c t data, b o o l e a n allowChildren)
Bee .
"" , .
.
, .
.
D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e
D e f a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e 50 ,
,
.
.
public void a d d ( M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e child)
public void r e m o v e ( M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e child)

.
public E n u m e r a t i o n children()
c h i l d r e n E n u m e r a t i o n ,
. ,
n u l l .
1 5 , 3 . JTree
623
public int getChildCountO

g e t C h i l d C o u n t
.
public TreeNode getParent()
public TreeNode getRoot()
g e t P a r e n t , .
, n u l l .
getRoot , .
public boolean isLeaf()
public boolean isRoot()
,
.
public void removeAllChildrenO
r e m o v e A l l C h i l d r e n .
15.9 , ,
, .
p r o c e s s H i e r a r c h y .
( i n s t a n c e o f O b j e c t [ ] ) ,
p r o c e s s H i e r a r c h y . . 15.5,
, . 15.5,6 .
15.9.SimpleTree.Java
import j ava . awt.''^;
import j a v a x . s w i n g . t r e e . * ;
/** ,
DefaultMutableTreeNode. */
p u b l i c c l a s s SimpleTree extends JFrame {
new S i m p l e T r e e ( ) ;
}
p u b l i c SimpleTree0 {
s u p e r ( " C r e a t i n g a Simple J T r e e " ) ;
addWindowListener(new E x i t L i s t e n e r ( ) ) ;
Container c o n t e n t = g e t C o n t e n t P a n e ( ) ;
Object[] h i e r a r c h y =
{ "javax.swing",
"javax.swing.border",
"javax.swing.colorchooser",
624
15. Swing
"j avax.swing.event",
"javax.swing.filechooser",
new Object[] { "javax.swing.plaf",
"javax.swing.plaf.basic",
"javax.swing.plaf.metal",
"javax.swing.plaf.multi" ) ,
"javax.swing.table",
new Object[] { "javax.swing.text",
new Object[] { "javax.swing.text.html".
j avax.swing.text.html.parser" },
"javax.swing.text.rtf" },
"javax.swing.tree"
"javax.swing.undo" };
DefaultMutableTreeNode root processHierarchy(hierarchy);
JTree tree = new JTree(root);
content.add(new JScrollPane(tree), BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(275, 300);
setVisible(true);
}\
/** ,
* .
* ,
* .
* , , , .
V
private DefaultMutableTreeNode processHierarchy(
Object[] hierarchy) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode node =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(hierarchy[0]);
DefaultMutableTreeNode child;
for(int i=l; i<hierarchy.length; i++) {
Object nodeSpecifier = hierarchy[i];
if (nodeSpecifier instanceof Object[]) { //Node with children
child = processHierarchy((Object[])nodeSpecifier);
} else {
child = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(nodeSpecifier); //Leaf
}
node.add(child);
}
return(node);
15.3.JTree
625
|fflflHI'l,ll.|[|IHIilMli>mtM^Msi
:1J javax. swing
' javax.swing.border
javax svvlng.colorchooser
' javax.swing.event
[ javax.8wing.filechooser
if lJi9vax.swing.plaf
I javaxswing.table
s- _I;j javax.swing.text
i javax.swlng.tree
' javaxswlng.undo
(a)
. J javax swing
javax.swing.border
lavaxswing.coiorchooser
javax swing.event
% javax.swJng.mechooser
1 javax.8wing.plaf
javax.swingplafbasic
javax.swing.plafmetal
javax.swlng.plafmulti
# javaxswing.table
- ^ javax.swing.text
f javax.swing.lext.html
javax.swlng.text.html.parser
Javax.swing,text,rtf
javax swing.tree
Javax.8wing.undo
(6)
. 15.5. Jtree: a ;

,
JTree.
JTree
lOiacc JTree . ,
, . ,
Vector Hash t a b l e .
JTree ,
, Sun,
.
public JTree(TreeNode root)
public JTree(TreeModel model)
,
. ,
.
JTree
JTree .
.
TreeExpansionEvent. API,
j a v a x . swing. JTree.
JTree
, ,
JTree T r e e S e l e c t i o n L i s t e n e r . T r e e S e l e c t i o n L i s t e n e r
valueChanged.
T r e e S e l e c t i o n E v e n t
t r e e . g e t L a s t S e l e c t e d P a t h C o m p o n e n t .
626
15. Swing
( Def aultMutableTreeNode). ,
, getUserObject.
, , toString ,
tree . getLastSelectedPathComponent.
15.10 , .
. JTree
TreeSelectionListener. ,
, , ,
toString (. 15.6).
15.10.SelectableTree.Java
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.tree.*;
javax. swing, event.'^;
/** JTree ,
* in JTextField.
public class SelectableTree extends JFrame
implements TreeSelectionListener {
new SelectableTree0;
private JTree tree;
private JTextField currentSelectionField;
public SelectableTree() {
superC'JTree Selections");
DefaultMutableTreeNode grandchild;
for(int childlndex=l; childlndex<4; childlndex++) {
child = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Child " + childlndex);
root.add(child);
for(int grandChildIndex=l; grandChildIndex<4;
grandChildIndex++) {
grandchild =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Grandchild " + childlndex +
"." + grandChildlndex);
child.add(grandchild);
}
}
tree = new JTree(root);
tree.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
currentSelectionField =
15.3. JTree
627
new JTextField{"Current Selection: NONE");

content.add(currentSelectionField, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setSize(250, 275) ;
setVisible(true) ;
public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent event) {
Object selection = tree.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
if (selection != null) {
currentSelectionField.setText
("Current Selection: " + selection.toStringO);
}
\^
Htfflwmw
J Root
JRoot
- J Child 1
Grandchild
Grandchild
# Grandchild
% Child 2
Grandchild
* . ? Child 1
^
I Child 2
+ . I Child 3
(a)
{Current Selection NONE
(6)
Grandchild
<5 Child 3
# Grandchild
Grandchild
Grandchild
11
12
1.3
2.1
il
23
::
il
31
32
3.3
jCurrent Selection Grandchild 2.2
1. 15.6. J t r e e : a ; 6
T r e e E x p a n s i o n E v e n t
. T r e e E x p a n s i o n E v e n t s
J T r e e T r e e E x p a n s i o n L i s t e n e r .
( t r e e E x p a n d e d t r e e C o l l a p s e d ) ,
. T r e e E x p a n s i o n E v e n t
g e t P a t h , ,
. P a t h .
g e t L a s t P a t h C o m p o n e n t P a t h .
, ,
J T r e e T r e e M o d e l .
J L i s t , .
, .
J L i s t .
T r e e M o d e l
,
. ,
, T r e e M o d e l , -
628
15. Swing
, TreeNode. ,
DefaultMutableTreeNode,
.
D e f a u l t M u t a b l e
TreeNode , ,
DefaultMutableTreeNode.
DefaultMutableTreeNode
DefaultMutableTreeNode 50 ,
. Vector,
. , , .
public void add(MutableTreeNode child)
public void remove(MutableTreeNode child)
.
( Vector).
public void insert(MutableTreeNode child, int index)
public void remove(int index)
i n s e r t ;
index. , ,
.
Vector. ,
, getChildCount. remove
, .
, ArraylndexOutOf BoundsException.
public Enumeration children()
Enumeration,
.
public TreeNode getChildAt(int index)
public int getIndex(TreeNode child)
g e t C h i l d A t ,
. ,
, ArraylndexOutOfBoundsException.
g e t Index , ,
-1, .
public int getChildCountO
getChildCount .
public TreeNode getParent()
g e t P a r e n t .
, n u l l .
15.3.JTree
629
public T r e e N o d e [ ] getPath()
g e t P a t h ,
.
public T r e e N o d e getRoot()
.
public b o o l e a n isLeaf()
public b o o l e a n isRoot()
i s L e a f t r u e , (..
); f a l s e .
i s R o o t t r u e ,
; f a l s e .
, , , ..
. ,
, Def a u l t M u t a b l e T r e e N o d e .
, ,
.
, .
15.11 , ,
.
1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ..
1.1.1, 1.1.2 ..
.
J T r e e
g e t C h i l d C o u n t . ,
. g e t C h i l d C o u n t , f a l s e ,
.
( ) ,
, i s Leaf,
f a l s e . 15.12,
.
. 15.7.
1 5 . 1 1 . DynamiCTree. Java
import
import
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
/** ,
* .
* O u t l i n e N o d e .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s DynamicTree e x t e n d s JFrame {
i n t n = 5; / / .
630
15. Swing
try (
n = Integer.parseint(args[0]);
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {
System.out.println(
"Can't parse number; using default of " + n ) ;
}
}
new DynamicTree(n);
}
public DynamicTree(int n) {
super("Creating a Dynamic JTree");
JTree tree = new JTree(new OutlineNode(1, n ) ) ;
setSize (300, 475);
setVisible(true);
}
15.12.OutlineNode.Java
import java.awt.^;
import javax.swing.tree.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
TreeNode,
.

getChildCount. ,
getChildCount .
<>
,
"" .
"", - ".",
".1", ".2" ".".
<>
public class OutlineNode extends DefaultMutableTreeNode {

private boolean areChildrenDefined = falserprivate int outlineNum;
private int numChildren;
public OutlineNode(int outlineNum, int numChildren) {
this.outlineNum = outlineNum;
this.numChildren = numChildren;
public boolean isLeaf() {

return(false);
15.3.JTree
public int getChildCount() {

if (!areChildrenDefined) {
defineChildNodes0;
}
return(super.getChildCount());
}
private void defineChildNodes() {
// "add"
// , .
// , getChildCount
// .
areChildrenDefined = true;
for (int i=0; KnumChildren; i++) {
add(new OutlineNode(i+l, numChildren));
}
}
TreeNode parent = getParentO;
if (parent == null) {
return(String.valueOf(outlineNum));
} else {
return(parent.toString() + "." + outlineNum);
}
}
^Creating a Dynamic JTree

11
1
2
.*~_I1 3
11 4
i141
J 1 4 2
1143
1144
^ J1 4 4 1
_J 1 4 4 2
443
- 11444
* _j 1 4 4 4 1
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+
n 4443
- ^ 1 4444
+ _ J 1 4 4.4.4.1
+
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+
14 4.4.4.4
+
1 4 4.4.4.5
+
M 4445
' J1 4 4 5
45
5
(6)
. 15.7. TreeNode, ,
: ; 6 ,

631
632
15. Swing

JTree ,
, , .
Image Icon, JTree,
DefaultTreeCellRenderer setOpenlcon, setClosedlcon
setLeaf Icon, Icon, null,
. Image Icon
, . Default
TreeCellRenderer setCellRenderer.
15.13 , .
, ,
, ,
. . 15.8.
15.13.Customlcons.Java
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.tree.*;
/** JTree
, . */
public class Customlcons extends JFrame {
new Customlcons();
private Icon customOpenlcon =
new Image I con (" image s/Circle__l. gif ") ;
private Icon customClosedlcon =
new Imagelcon("images/Circle_2.gif");
private Icon customLeafIcon =
new Imagelcon("images/Circle_3.gif");
public Customlcons() {
super("JTree Selections");
DefaultMutableTreeNode grandchild;
for(int childlndex=l; childlndex<4; childlndex++) {
child = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Child " + childlndex);
root.add(child);
for(int grandChildIndex=l; grandChildIndex<4;
grandChildIndex++) {
grandchild =
15.3. JTree
new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Grandchild " +
childlndex +
"." + grandChildlndex);
child.add(grandchild);
}
)
JTree treel = new JTree(root);
treel.expandRow(1); //
// .
JScrollPane panel = new JScrollPane(treel);
panel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Standard Icons")
content.add(panel);
JTree tree2 = new JTree(root);
// .
tree2.expandRow(2);
DefaultTreeCellRenderer renderer2 =
new DefaultTreeCellRenderer0;
renderer2.setOpenlcon(null);
renderer2.setClosedlcon(null);
renderer2.setLeafIcon(null);
tree2.setCellRenderer(renderer2);
JScrollPane pane2 = new JScrollPane(tree2);
pane2.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("No Icons"));
content.add(pane2);
JTree treeS = new JTree(root);
// .
tree3.expandRow(3);
DefaultTreeCellRenderer rendererS =
new DefaultTreeCellRenderer0;
rendererS.setOpenlcon(customOpenlcon);
rendererS.setClosedlcon(customClosedlcon);
rendererS.setLeafIcon(customLeafIcon);
treeS.setCellRenderer(rendererS);
JScrollPane = new JScrollPane(tree3);
.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Custom Icons"));
content.add();
packO ;
setVisible(true);
}
633
634
15. Swing
iHPiffuwffiimi
standard icons
No (cons
' Custom teos
, s Root
- jChildl
Grandchild i 1
Grandchild 1 2
Grandchild 1 3
_ J Child 2
* J Child 3
Root
Child 1
- Child 2
Grandchild 21
Grandchild 2 2
Grandchild 2 3
.+ Child 3
( f ) Root
+ 2) Child 1
+ ^ r ) Child 2
- M Child 3
(3) Grandchild 3 1
f i } Grandchild 3 2
( ? ) Grandchild 3.3
. 15.8.
JTree
15.4. JTable
J T a b l e ,
. Swing API. J T a b l e
: ,
. ,
,
( ).
.
j a v a x . s w i n g , t a b l e .
, , , .

(Kim Topley) CoreJava Foundation Classes.
JTable
J T a b l e
, ,
, . ,
, N :
String[][]
data = { { "Cell
(1,1)",
--
"Cell
( 1 , N ) " },
{ " C e l l ( M , l ) " , . . . , " C e l l (M,N)" } };

S t r i n g [ ] columnNames = { "Column 1 " , . . . , "Column N" };
J T a b l e t a b l e = new J T a b l e ( d a t a , columnNames);

Obj e c t ,
J L a b e l , t o S t r i n g .
J L i s t J T r e e , .
, .
,
450x400 . -
15.4. JTable
, D i m e n s i o n
S c r o l l a b l e V i e w p o r t S i z e J T a b l e .
635
setPreferred-
Ha
JTable ,
JScrollPane,
JTable
J T a b l e .
, n u l l .
, (, ,
, , , , ...). J T a b l e
. , ,
D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l , D e f a u l t C o l u m n M o d e l D e f a u l t L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l .
public JTableO
Def a u l t
T a b l e M o d e l , D e f a u l t C o l u m n M o d e l D e f a u l t L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l .
addRow addColumn.
.
public JTable(int rows, int c o l u m n s )
, , ,
(
n u l l ) .
public JTable(Object[][] data, Object[] c o l u m n N a m e s )

.
J L a b e l . ,
t o S t r i n g .
, ,
B o o l e a n , Image I c o n Number.
public JTable(Vector data. Vector c o l u m n N a m e s )

V e c t o r . ,
, V e c t o r , .
public JTable(TableModel m o d e l )
J T a b l e ,
T a b l e M o d e l .
A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l Def a u l t T a b l e M o d e l ;
T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t . D e f a u l t
ColumnModel D e f a u l t L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l .
636
15. Swing
JTable
J T a b l e 125 ,
, J T a b l e : T a b l e M o d e l , T a b l e C o l u m n Model L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l . J T a b l e ,
p r o t e c t e d , J T a b l e
.
J T a b l e .
public T a b l e M o d e l getModel()
public v o i d s e t M o d e l ( T a b l e M o d e l tableModel)
g e t M o d e l , a s e t M o d e l T a b l e Model. T a b l e M o d e l , J T a b l e .
public T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l g e t C o l u m n M o d e l ( )
public s e t C o l u m n M o d e l ( T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l c o l u m n M o d e l )
g e t ColumnModel , a s e t C o l u m n M o d e l
T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l .
.
, . T a b l e C o l u m n
Model .
T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l API,
j avax.swing.table.
public L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l g e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l ( )
public void s e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l ( L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l s e l e c t i o n M o d e l )
g e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l , a s e t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l
. L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l J T a b l e , J L i s t
, .
L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t
v a l u e C h a n g e d .
g e t S e l e c t e d R o w g e t S e l e c t e d R o w s .
TableColumnModel L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l
. L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l
API, j a v a x . swing.
public int getRowHeightO
public void s e t R o w H e i g h t ( i n t height)
public int g e t R o w H e i g h t ( i n t row)
public void s e t R o w H e i g h t ( i n t row, int height)

. 16 . JDK
1.3 ,
.
15.4. JTable
637
public int getRowMarginO

public void setRowMargin(int margin)
getRowMargin , a setRowMargin
.
.
setColumnMargin TableColumnModel.
public void setShowGrid(boolean show)
public boolean getShowHorizontalLines()
public void setShowHorizontalLines(boolean show)
public boolean getShowVerticalLines()
public void setShowVerticalLines(boolean show)
setShowGrid
.
UI-.

.
, 15.14, JTable,
4 15 . ,
. ,
.
. J T a b l e . 15.9.
15.14. JTableSimpleExample . Java
/** JTable,
^ S t r i n g
public c l a s s JTableSimpleExample extends JFrame {

new JTableSimpleExample0;
p r i v a t e f i n a l i n t COLUMNS = 4;
p r i v a t e f i n a l i n t ROWS = 15;
p r i v a t e JTcuDle sample JTable;
p u b l i c JTableSimpleExample() {
s u p e r ( " C r e a t i n g a Simple J T a b l e " ) ;
addWindowListener(new E x i t L i s t e n e r ( ) ) ;
Container content = g e t C o n t e n t P a n e ( ) ;
S t r i n g [ ] columnNames = buildColumnNames (COLUMNS)
638
15. Swing
string[][] tableCells = buildTableCells(ROWS, COLUMNS);

sampleJTable = new JTable(tableCells, columnNames);
JScrollPane tablePane = new JScrollPane(sampleJTable);
content.add(tablePane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(450,150);
setVisible(true);
}
private String[] buildColumnNames(int columns) {
String[] header = new String[columns];
for(int i=0; i<columns; i++) {
header[i] = "Column " + i;
return(header)
}
p r i v a t e S t r i n g [ ] [ ] b u i l d T a b l e C e l l s ( i n t rows, i n t columns) {
S t r i n g [ ] [ ] c e l l s = new S t r i n g [ r o w s ] [ c o l u m n s ] ;
f o r ( i n t i=0; i<rows ; i++) {
f o r ( i n t j=0; j<columns; j++ ) {
c e l l s [i] [j] = "Row " + i + ", Col " + j ;
}
}
return(cells);
1
0
JRowO, Col 0
|Row1,ColO
IROW 2, Col 0
|Row3, ColO
^Row4, Col 0
I R O W S , Col 0
iRow 6. Col 0
|Row7, Col 0
lRow8, Col 0
1
Column 1
RowO. Col 1
R o w l , Col 1
Row 2, Col 1
Row 3. C o l l
Row 4, Col 1
Row 5, Col 1
Row 6. Col 1
Row 7. Col 1
Row 8. C O M
Cs^lunw ^
RowO. Col 2
Row 1. Col 2
Row 2, Col 2
Row3. Col 2
Row 4, Col 2
Row 5, Col 2
Row 6, Col 2
Row 7. Col 2
Row 8. Col 2
RowO, Col 3
R o w l . Col 3
Row 2, Col 3
Row 3, Col 3
Row 4, Col 3
Row 5, Col 3
Row 6, Col 3
Row 7, Col 3
Row 8, Col 3
\
1MI
"-; 1
,
^
. 15.9. JTable,

,
JTable
JTable , ,
. ,
TableModel.
,
,
.
TableModel, A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l ,
. A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l
, TableModelEvent.
A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l ,
:
15.4. JTable
639
p u b l i c i n t getRowCount()
p u b l i c i n t getColumnCount()
p u b l i c Object g e t V a l u e A t ( i n t row, i n t column)
.
A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l setValueAt
. s e t V a l u e A t
, i s C e l l E d i t a b l e f a l s e .
Swing API DefaultTableModel,
A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l
. DefaultTableModel Vector.
Vector,
. , ,
DefaultTableModel, Vector.
, DefaultTableModel
. i s C e l l E d i t a b l e DefaultTableModel
t r u e ,
.

IsCellEditable
false;

AbstractTableModel
DefaultTableModel
tJTue.
DefaultTableModel
DefaultTableModel . ,
, .
public DefaultTableModel(Object[][] data, Object[] columnNames)
DefaultTableModel,
d a t a ; ,
columnNames .
S t r i n g .

(, .)public DefaultTableModel(Vector data, Vector columnNames)
Vector.
d a t a
, . columnNames
.
public DefaultTableModel(Vector columnNames, int numRows)
DefaultTableModel
.
640
15. Swing
, .
n u l l .
DefaultTableModel
D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l ,
, .
.
public void a d d C o l u m n ( O b j e c t c o l u m n N a m e )
public v o i d a d d C o l u m n ( O b j e c t c o l u m n N a m e , Object[] columnData)
public void a d d C o l u m n ( O b j e c t c o l u m n N a m e , Vector columnData)

. n u l l .
,
.
public void addRow(Object[] rowData)
public void addRow(Vector rowData)
public void insertRow(int row, Object[] rowData)
public void insertRow(int row. Vector rowData)
addRow ;
. .
I n s e r t R o w ,
. r o w D a t a n u l l , cipoKa
n u l l .
, , IndexOutOfBoundsException.
public void removeRow(int row)
r e m o v e Row .
, ,
A r r a y l n d e x O u t O f B o u n d s E x c e p t i o n .
public int getColumnCount()
public int getRowCount()
g e t C o l u m n C o u n t [ , a g e t R o w C o u n t
.
public String g e t C o l u m n N a m e ( i n t c o l u m n )
,
t o S t r i n g . n u l l ,
,
(, , , ..., , , , ...). , -
15,4. JTable
641
, ,
A r r a y l n d e x O u t O f B o u n d s E x c e p t i o n .
public Object getValueAt(int row, int c o l u m n ) public
setValueAt(Object value, int row, int c o l u m n )
g e t V a l u e A t ^, a s e t V a l u e A t
, .
s e t V a l u e A t T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t ,
.
,
ArraylndexOutOfBoundsException.
public b o o l e a n isCellEditable(int row, int c o l u m n )
Def a u l t T a b l e M o d e l i s C e l l E d i t a b l e
t r u e , . Def a u l t
T a b l e M o d e l .
15.15 Def a u l t T a b l e M o d e l .
J a v a L o c a t i o n C o l l e c t i o n ,
15.5. J a v a L o c a t i o n
, , "Java": ,
, (GIF-) ,
. ""
Def a u l t T a b l e M o d e l ; addColumn
.
; getRowData,
, J a v a L o c a t i o n , addRow,
. ,
( I m a g e I c o n ) ,
, , .
. 15.10. ,
.
,
Image I c o n B o o l e a n
.
1 5 . 1 5 . D e f a u l t T a b l e E x a m p l e . J a v a
import
import
import
Java.util.Vector;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.table.*;
/** J T a b l e , D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l
* .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s D e f a u l t T a b l e E x a m p l e e x t e n d s JTable {
642
15. Swing
private String[] columnNames =

{ "Flag", "City", "Country", "Comment", "Visited" };
piiblic DefaultTableExample () {
this(new DefaultTableModel);
public DefaultTableExample(DefaultTableModel model) {

super(model);
new JavaLocationCollection0;
JavaLocation[] locations = collection.getLocations();
// .
int i;
for(i=0; i<columnNames.length; i++ ) {
model.addColumn(columnNames[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<locations.length; i++) {
model.addRow(getRowData(locations[i]));
}
}
private Vector getRowData(JavaLocation location) {
Vector vector = new Vector();
' vector.add(new Imagelcon(location.getFlagFile()) ) ;
vector.add("Java");
vector.add(location.getCountry());
vector.add(location.getComment());
vector.add(new Boolean(false));
return(vector) ;
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(
new JScrollPane(new D e f a u l t T a b l e E x a m p l e ( ) ) , 600, 150,
"Using a DefaultTableModel");
}
l o u s i n g a OefauRTableM idel
Flag
;flags/beigium gif
Iflags/brazil gif
[flags/colombia gif
Itlags/indonesia gif
Iflags/jamaica gif
;flags/tnorambiqcie
flags/philippines gif
1
Java
Java
Java
Java
Java
Java
Java
cm
-:1
1
Coun^
Belgium
Brazil
Colombia
Indonesia
Jamaica
Mozambique
Philippines
Comment
near Liege
near Salvador
near Bogota
mam island
near Spanish Town
nearSofala
near Quezon City
1false
false
false
false
false
false
false
vi'stted
1
j4
Ji
. 15.10. ,
>
DefaultTableModel
15.4. JTable
643

J L a b e l . Java 2 Platform
,
.
.
B o o l e a n J C h e c k B o x .
D a t e J L a b e l ,
D a t e F o r m a t .
Image I c o n J L a b e l .
Number N u m b e r F o r m a t
J L a b e l .
Ob j t t o S t r i n g J L a b e 1.
,
g e t C o l u m n C l a s s D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l ,
, . g e t C o l u m n
C l a s s O b j e c t . c l a s s ,
J L a b e l .
, ,
, ,
D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l . g e t C o l u m n C l a s s ,
. :
p u b l i c C l a s s g e t C o l u m n C l a s s ( i n t column) {
return (getValueAt(0, column).getClass());
}
,
.
, , ,
,
g e t C o l u m n C l a s s .
.
15.16 C u s t o m T a b l e E x a m p l e ,
D e f a u l t T a b l e E x a m p l e .
C u s t o m T a b l e E x a m p l e ,
C u s t o m T a b l e M o d e l ( 15.17) .
C u s t o m T a b l e M o d e l D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l
g e t C o l u m n C l a s s . , C u s t o m T a b l e M o d e l
i s C e l l E d i t a b l e ; ,
Comment V i s i t e d .
. 15.11.
,
, s e t M i n W i d t h , s e t M a x W i d t h
s e t P r e f e r r e d W i d t h .
644
1 15. Swing
75 , 15 .
, :
TableColumn column = table.getColumn(columnName);
column.setPreferredWidth(numPixels);
J D K .
,
:
table.sizeColumnsToFit(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF);
TableColumn setWidth, ,
, .
15.16.CustomTableExample.Java
import javax.swing.table.*;
/** JTable, CustomTableModel
* ,
* .
V
public class CustomTableExample extends DefaultTableExample {
public CustomTableExample() {
super(new CustomTableModel());
setCellSizes();
}
private void setCellSizes () {
setRowHeight(50);
getColumn("Flag").setMaxWidth(55);
getColumn("City").setPreferredWidth(60);
getColumn("Country").setMinWidth(80);
getColumn("Comment").setMinWidth(150);
//
// ( ).
SizeColumnsToFit(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF);
}
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(
new JScrollPane(new CustomTableExample()), 525, 255,
"Using a CustomTableModel");
}
15.4.JTable
645
15.17. CustomTableModel. Java

import javax.swing.table.*;
/** DefaultTableModel,
* ,
* .
'^ Comment Visited.
V
public class CustomTableModel extends DefaultTableModel {
public Class getColumnClass(int 1) {
return(getValueAt(0, column).getClass());
}
// "Comment" "Visited",
public boolean isCellEditable(int row, int column) {
return(column==3 || column==4);
Usma a {JmAimTeMeiiodel
Fiag
11
E
E
@
Coia^
Crty
Cemment
1 Java
Belgium
inear Liege
1 Java
Braz.l
inear Salvador
J Java
Colombia
Inear Bogota
4;Java
Indonesia
imain island
_rJ
. 15.11.

, J T a b l e .
: T a b l e M o d e l , T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l
L i s t S e l e c t i o n M o d e l . ,
, T a b l e M o d e l L i s t e n e r T a b l e M o d e l .
T a b l e M o d e l L i s t e n e r t a b l e C h a n g e d ,
(
<Enter> ).
T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t . ,
, g e t C o l u m n ,
g e t F i r s t R o w g e t L a s t R o w . , D e f a u l t T a b l e M o d e l
i s C e l l E d i t a b l e , t r u e ,
, ,
.
646
15. Swing
<Enter>
, T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t .
T a b l e M o d e l T a b l e M o d e l L i s t e n e r .
:
tablemodel.addTableModelListener(
new TableModelListner() {
public void tableChanged(TableModelEvent event) {
int row = event.getFirstRow0;
int column = event.getColumn0;
}
});
, ,
, g e t V a l u e A t ( r o w , c o l u m n ) ,
s e t V a l u e A t ( r o w , c o l u m n ) . g e t V a l u e A t
O b j e c t ; .
, .
J T a b l e
TableModelEvent.
A b s t r a c t T a b l e M o d e l , T a b l e M o d e l ,
, .
: f i r e T a b l e C e l l U p d a t e d ( r o w , c o l u m n ) ,
, f i r e T a b l e D a t a C h a n g e d () , .
Java 2 Platform T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l E v e n t
T a b l e C o l u m n M o d e l L i s t S e l e c t i o n E v e n t
ListSelectionModel.
15.18 , ,
, .
j a v a x . s w i n g . e v e n t .
, T a b l e M o d e l L i s t e n e r
T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t .
T a b l e M o d e l E v e n t ,
.
. 15.12.

.
D e c i m a l F o r m a t , API,
j ava.text.DecimalFormat.
1 5 . 1 8 . J T a b l e E v e n t s o a v a
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
Java.text.DecimalFormat;
javax.swing.*;
j avax.swing.event.*;
/** JTable,
15.4. JTable
* TableModelEvent
* , .
V
public class JTableEvents extends JFrame {
private final int COL_COST = 1;
private final int COL_QTY = 2;
private final, int COL_TOTAL = 3;
private final int ROW_LAST = 5;
private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("$####.##");
private JTable sampleJTable;
private DefaultTableModel tableModel;
new JTableEvents();
}
public JTableEvents() {
super("Using TableEvents");
String[] columnNames = { "Book", "Cost", "Qty", "Total" };
final Object[][] data = {
{"Core Web Programming", "$ 0.99", "0", "$0.00"},
{"Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages",
"$34.39", "0", "$0.00"},
{"Core Swing", "$39.99", "0", "$0.00"},
{"Core Java, Volume I", "$31.49", "0", "$0.00"},
{"Core Java, Volume II", "$34.39", "0", "$0.00"},
{null, null, "Grand:", "$0.00"} };
tcdDleModel = new DefaultTableModel (data, columnNames);
tcibleModel. addTableModelListener (
new TableModelListener0 {
int row, col;
int quantity;
float cost, subTotal, grandTotal;
public void tableChanged(TcUDleModelEvent event) {
row = event.getFirstRowO ;
col = event.getColumn();
// ,
if (col == COL_QTY) {
try {
cost = getFormattedCellValue(row, COL_COST);
quantity = (int)getFormattedCellValue(row, COL_QTY);
subTotal = quantity * cost;
// .
tableModel.setValueAt(df.format(subTotal),
row, COL_TOTAL);
// .
grandTotal =0;
for(int row=0; row<data.length-1; row++) {
647
648
15. Swing
grandTotal += getFormattedCellValue(row, COL TOTAL)

}
tableModel.setValueAt(df.format(grandTotal),
ROW__LAST, COL_TOTAL) /
tableModel.fireTableDataChanged()/
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
// .
JOptionPane,showMessageDialog(
JTableEvents.this,
"Illegal value entered!");
}
private float getFormattedCellValue(int row, int col) {

String value = (String)tableModel.getValueAt(row, col)
return(Float.parseFloat(value.replace('$',' ')));
}
});
sampleJTable = new JTable(tableModel);
setColumnAlignment(sampleJTable.getColumnModel());
JScrollPane tablePane = new JScrollPane(sampleJTable);
content.add(tablePane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(460,150);
setVisible(true);
// Bee , ,
// .
private void setColumnAlignment(TableColumnModel tcm) {
TableColumn column;
DefaultTableCellRenderer renderer =
new DefaultTableCellRenderer*();
for(int i=l; i<tcm. getColumnCount () ; i+-b) {
column = tcm.getColumn(i);
renderer.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
column.setCellRenderer(renderer);
}
}
Using TdbleEvenU
Core Servlets and JavaSetver Pages

:Core Swing
Core Java. Volume 1
iCore Java, Volume II
$34
$39
$31
$34
39
99
49
39
$10317
$39 99
$31 49
$34 39
$213 99
. 15.12. ,

15.5. Swing-
649
15.5. Swing-
Java 2 ,
J a v a . a w t . p r i n t .
Swing- .
G r a p h i c s 2 D
. JDK 1.2,
. JDK 1.3

JComponent p r i n t .
,
JDK 1.2. B J D K 1.3.

:
.

.
P r i n t e r J o b , P r i n t a b l e s e t P r i n t a b l e ,
p r i n t D i a l o g , ,
, p r i n t P r i n t e r J o b .
Windows 98 . 15.13. ,
, Cancel,
p r i n t , p r i n t D i a l o g .
EQI
Pfinter
Najr.e
H d
Status
Ready
Type;
H P LaserJet 4000 Senes
Where-
128.244128 247.RAW
Comment.
4000 If! Stev/e Dtan.r.r-. i, -,(, ? 51
Eroperties
'
Print range
f'
(^ Ah
f" Page 6
tiorrr p
"^
to 1 '
r
1"" OK
Collate
Cancel
1
. 15.13. ,
p r i n t D i a l o g
650
15. Swing
, ,
:
PrinterJob printJob = PrinterJob.getPrinterJob();
printJob.setPrintable(this);
if (printJob.printDialog0)
try {
printJob.print();
} c a t c h ( P r i n t e r E x c e p t i o n pe) {
System.out.println("Error printing: " + pe);
}

P r i n t a b l e , s e t P r i n t a b l e ,
p r i n t ,
. p r i n t :
Graphics PageFormat, page Index. p r i n t
P r i n t e r Job
. page Index
. P r i n t e r Job p r i n t
page Index, 0. ,
PAGEEXISTS. N0 SUCH_PAGE
, .
Java p r i n t ,
; ,
NO_SUCH_PAGE. , ,
.
,
PAGEEXISTS,
- NO_SUCH_PAGE.
,
, . Swing- ,
, ,
.
Graphics Graphics2D,
p a i n t ,
Graphics2D . Graphics2D
10.
, , .
public int print(Graphics g,
PageFormat pageFormat,
int pagelndex) {
if (pagelndex > 0) {
return(NO_SUCH_PAGE);
} else {
g2d.translate(pageFormat.getlmageableX{),
pageForitiat .getlmageableY () ) ;
15.5. Swing-
651
// JDK 1.
//
// ,
// . JDK 1.3
// :
// componentToBePainted.print(g2d).
setDoubleBufferEnabled(false);
componentToBePrinted.paint(g2d);
setDoubleBufferEnabled(true);
return(PAGE EXISTS);
}
}
g e t l m a g e a b l e X g e t l m a g e a b l e Y
, .
, , Printer.

Swing- .

,
p a i n t C o m p o n e n t .
. ,
.
, p a i n t .
,
.
, Swing-
, .
, J P a n e l ,
p a i n t s e t D o u b l e B u f f a r e d ( f a l s e ) ,
s e t D o u b l e B u f f a r e d ( t r u e ) .
,
, .
. :
RepaintManager currentManager =
RepaintManager.currentManager(theComponent);
currentManager.setDoubleBufferingEnabled(false);
p a i n t )
D o u b l a B u f f e r i n g E n a b l e d ( t r u e ) .

. ,
, ,
. JDK 1.3
,
.
652
1 5 . Swing

JDK 1.2
,

.

Swing p r i n t
G r a p h i c s ,
. , p r i n t
, . ,
, P r i n t a b l e , p r i n t
,
.
p r i n t ,
p a i n t .
p r i n t C o m p o n e n t , ,
.

Swing-,
,
,
Printable.
15.19 P r i n t U t i l i t i e s ,
Swing-. ,
, )' P r i n t U t i l i t i e s . p r i n t C o m p o n e n t .
15.20 P r i n t U t i l i t i e s B J D K 1.2.
1 5 . 1 9 . P r i n t U t i l i t i e s . J a v a
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
Java.awt.print.*;
, ,
JDK 1 . 2 ,
.
P r i n t U t i l i t i e s . p r i n t C o m p o n e n t . ,
,
p r i n t .

.
<>
*
*
*
,
,
:
15.5. Swing-
* <PRE>
*
PrintUtilities printHelper =
*
new PrintUtilities(theComponent);
* </PRE>
* a printHelper.print().
*
'*' PrintUtilities . printComponent (componentToBePrinted)
V
public class PrintUtilities imiplements Printable {
protected Component componentToBePrinted;
public static void printComponent(Component c) {
new PrintUtilities(c).print();
public PrintUtilities(Component componentToBePrinted) {
this.componentToBePrinted = componentToBePrinted;
}
public void print 0 {
PrinterJob printJob = PrinterJob.getPrinterJob();
printJob.setPrintable(this);
if (printJob.printDialog0)
try {
printJob.print();
} catch(PrinterException pe) {
System.out.println("Error printing: " + pe);
// JDK 1.2.
// JDK 1.3
// PrintUtilities2.
public int print(Graphics g, PageFormat pageFormat,
int pagelndex) {
} else {
g2d.translate(pageFormat.getlmageableX(),
pageFormat.getlmageableY());
disableDoubleBuffering(componentToBePrinted);
enableDoubleBuffering(componentToBePrinted);
return(PAGE_EXISTS);
}
}
/**
*
*
*
,
,
.
JDK 1.2.
V
public static void disableDoubleBuffering(Component ) {
653
654
15. Swing
RepaintManager.currentManager();
currentManager.setDoubleBufferingEnabled(false);
}
/**
* JDK 1.2.
V
public static void enableDoubleBuffering(Component ) {
RepaintManager.currentManager();
currentManager.setDoubleBufferingEnabled(true);
}
15.20 , .
,
PrintUtilities .printComponent.
DrawingPanel ( 15.21), paintComponent.
"Java 2D" .
. 15.14.
Graphics2D . 10.
15.20. PrintExample. java
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
java.awt.*;
javax.swing.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
Java.awt.print.*;
, Java 1.2.
Java 1.2 <></> ,
,
( )
printComponent PrintUtilities
.
public class PrintExample extends JFrame

new PrintExample();
}
public PrintExample() {
super("Printing Swing Components in JDK 1.2");
JButton printButton = new JButton("Print");
printButton.addActionListener(this);
15.5. Swing-
buttonPanel.setBackground(Color.white)/
buttonPanel.add(printButton);
content.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
DrawingPanel drawingPanel = new DrawingPanel();
content.add(drawingPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
packO ;
setVisible(true);
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
PrintUtilities.printComponent(this);
}
}
15.21.DrawingPanel.Java
import java.awt.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
paintComponent.
,
,
.
printComponent PrintUtilities
.
V
public class DrawingPanel extends JPanel {
private int fontSize = 90;
private String message = "Java 2D";
private int messageWidth;
public DrawingPanel() {
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, fontSize);
setFont(font);
FontMetrics metrics = getFontMetrics(font);
messageWidth = metrics.stringWidth(message);
int width = messageWidth*5/3;
int height = fontSize*3;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
/
" '

int X = messageWidth/10;
int = fontSize*5/2;
g2d.translate(x, y ) ;
g2d.setPaint(Color.lightGray);
AffineTransform origTransform = g2d.getTransform();
655
656
1 5 . Swing
g2d.shear(-0.95, 0) ;
g2d.scale(1, 3 ) ;
g2d.drawstring(message, 0, 0 ) ;
g2d.setTransform(origTransform);
g2d.drawstring(message, 0, 0) ;
l-^<Jllil'lilil'.H'!'4liilll.H.llli!l>i4H
Java 2D
. 15.14. JButton
p r i n t ,
Graphics2D
JDK 1.3
O T J D K 1.2, JDK 1.3
. JDK 1.3 J C o m p o n e n t
p r i n t , . p r i n t
IS_PRINTING p a i n t . p a i n t J C o m p o n e n t
, , p r i n t Component, p r i n t B o r d e r p r i n t C h i l d r e n , p r o t e c t e d ,
.
JDK 1.3
setDoubleBufferEnabled(false);
setDoubleBufferEnabled(true);

componentToBePrinted.print(g2d);

JDK 1.3
print (Graphcs2d g2d). JDK 1.3

.
15.22 P r i n t U t i l i t i e s 2 ,
JDK 1.3.
P r i n t U t i l i t i e s (. 15.19) p r i n t ,
15.5. Swing-
657
paint print .
:
PrintUtilities2 .printCoinponent {componentToBePrinted) ;
componentToBePrinted Swing-,
.
15.22.PrintUtilities2.java
import java.awt.*;
import Java.awt.print.* ;
/**
^
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
,
JDK 1.3.
JDK 1.3,
, JComponent
print ;
,
. , paint
printComponent, printBorder printChildren.
,
PrintUtilities2.printComponent(componentToBePrinted)
V
public class PrintUtilities2 extends PrintUtilities {
public static void printComponent (Comiponent c) {
new PrintUtilities2(c) .print 0 ;
public PrintUtilities2(Component componentToBePrinted) {
super(componentToBePrinted);
}
// JDK 1.3.
// JDK 1.2
// PrintUtilitiesl.
public int print(Graphics g, PageFormat pageFormat,
int pagelndex) {
} else {
g2d.translate(pageFormat.getlmageableX(),
pageFormat.getlmageableY());
componentToBePrinted.print(g2d);
return(PAGE_EXISTS);
}
}
658
15. Swing
15.6. Swing
Swing AWT
.
,

.
1. ,
,
.
, .
2. Swing-
.
, ,
1 ,
"" .
,
, ,
. ,
Start,
, J L a b e l , (
, " T r a n s f e r r i n g
f i l e n a m e . . . " ) . a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d ,
Start, :
/ / ,
/ / S t a r t ,
p u b l i c void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e v e n t ) {
/ / JLabel ,
/ / .
label.setText("Transferring " + filename);
/ / -
/ / .
transferFile(filename);
/ / JLabel ,
/ / ,
label.setText("Transfer completed.");
}
, JLabel,
, s e t T e x t .
.
s e t T e x t PropertyChangeEvent.
,
a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d . ,
J L a b e l , .
15.6. Swing
659
JLabel ,
"Transferring . . .".
,
actionPerformed.
.

JLabel .
,
, JLabel.
actionPerformed.
// . ,
// , ,
// JLabel ,
// .
ladDel.setText("Transferring " + filename);
// ,
// .
// .
Thread t = new FileTransfer(filename, label);
t. start 0 ;
}
FileTransfer.
//
// Swing.
public class FileTransfer extends Thread {
private String filename;
private JLabel = label;
public FileTransfer(String filename, JLabel label) {
this.filename = filename;
this.label = label;
}
public void run() {
// .
// .
doTransf(...);
// JLabel .
// .
IcUDel. setText ( "Transfer complete. ") ;
}
}

. , J L a b e l
F i l e T r a n s f e r , , Swing-
, .
"" J L a b e l
660
15. Swing
, .

.
Swing : i n v o k e L a t e r
i n v o k e A n d W a i t , R u n n a b l e ,
Swing-. R u n n a b l e
, r u n .
, J L a b e l .
R u n n a b l e 16.

Swing ,
,
Runnable Runnable
SwlngUtilitles:
InvokeLater
InvokeAndWal
t.
SwingUtilities
S w i n g U t i l i t i e s ,
R u n n a b l e . ,
Swing , ,
r u n R u n n a b l e .
public static void invokeLater (Runnable object)
i n v o k e L a t e r R u n n a b l e
.
, r u n
. i n v o k e L a t e r
, , .
public static void invokeAndWait(Runnable object)
throws I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n , I n v o c a t i o n T a r g e t E x c e p t i o n
i n v o k e A n d W a i t R u n n a b l e
r u n R u n n a b l e .
, Swing-
, , , ,

. i n v o k e A n d W a i t ,
.
, ,
i s E v e n t D i s p a t c h T h r e a d . i n v o k e A n d W a i t
I n v o c a t i o n T a r g e t E x c e p t i o n ,
J a v a . l a n g . r e f l e c t .
15.6. Swing
661
Swing-
Runnable. ,
, JLabel .
,
, ,
, , , Swing .
"".
a c t i o n P e r f o r m e d F i l e T r a n s f e r .
JLabel .
/ / , . ,
/ / ,
/ / , Swing
/ / Runnable,
/ / .
p u b l i c void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
/ / , ,
/ / .
Thread t = new FileTransfer(filename, l a b e l ) ;
t.start 0 ;
}
}
FileTransfer JLabel,
. run
Runnable: JLabel
, JLabel .
Runnable .
. 10.
// FileTransfer.
// ,
public class FileTransfer extends Thread {
private String filenamesprivate JLabel label;
public FileTransfer(String filename, JLabel label) {
this.label = label;
}
public void run() {
try {
// Runnable,
// JLabel, .
// invokeAndWait
// , .
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(
new Runnable() {
public void run() {
label.setText("Transferring " + filename);
}
});
662
15. Swing
} catch(InvocationTargetException ite) {
} catch(InterruptedException ie) { }
// ( ).
doTransfer(...);
//
// Runnable. invokeLater.
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(
new Runnable() {
public void run() {
IcUDel. setText ("Transfer completed") ;
}
});
}
}
R u n n a b l e
i n v o k e An d W a i t . ,
J L a b e l " T r a n s f e r r i n g . . .".
R u n n a b l e .
i n v o k e L a t e r . ,
, .
r u n , J L a b e l
'*Transf c o m p l e t e d " .
, ,
Swing-
.
, ,
RMI, Web-
. ,
, i n v o k e L a t e r i n v o k e A n d W a i t .
15.7.
,
Swing-.
,
. Swing,
,
.
J L i s t , J T r e e J T a b l e
( ) .
,
,
. ,
Swing-,
, .
15.6. Swing
663
,
p r i n t . ;
.
Swing- ,
. invokeAndWait i n v o k e L a t e r
.
...
Thread.

, ,
.
.
Thread.

.
.
.
.
J~y\ZJ^ZJ
ava

T h r e a d . " ";
, "" (heap),
. , ,
.
, .
, , .
, 12 ,
, , 1
. , 5 13 = 65
. ,
12 + 5 = 17 .
, Java
( . 9).
,
. ,
.
.

.
, HTTP- .
,
. , -
666
16.
.
. 17
HTTP-, .
,
,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
, Java.
1 6 . 1 .
Java :
T h r e a d , , ,
T h r e a d .
Thread
,
T h r e a d , r u n ,
s t a r t .
16.1 16.2.
1 6 . 1 . D r i v e r C l a s s . J a v a
public class DriverClass extends
SomeClass
public void startAThread() {

/ / T h r e a d .
T h r e a d C l a s s t h r e a d = new T h r e a d C l a s s ( ) ;
/ / ,
thread.start();
}
}
16.2.ThreadClass.Java
public class ThreadClass extends Thread {
public void run() {
// .
}
}
1 6 . 1 .
667
Thread, s t a r t ,
run .
run .
run, s t a r t .
run, ,
. , ,
run ,
p r i v a t e . ,
. , run
, p u b l i c .
!
run .
, .
C o u n t e r ,
16.3. N,
. ,
( 16.4),
C o u n t e r . 16.5.
16.3. Counter.java
/** Thread, N,
* .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s Counter e x t e n d s Thread {
p r i v a t e s t a t i c i n t totalNum = 0;
p r i v a t e i n t currentNum, l o o p L i m i t ;
p u b l i c C o u n t e r ( i n t loopLimit) {
t h i s . l o o p L i m i t = loopLimit;
currentNum = totalNum++;
}
p r i v a t e void p a u s e ( d o u b l e seconds) {
t r y { Thread, s l e e p (Math, round (100.0. O*seconds) ) ; }
c a t c h ( I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n ie) {}
}
/** run
* .
public void run() {
for(int i=0; i<loopLimit; i++) {
System.out.println("Counter " + currentNum + ": " + i) ;
pause(Math.random()); // ""
// 1 .
}
}
668
16.
16.4.CounterSt.Java
/** Counter. */
public class CounterTest {
Counter cl = new Counter(5);
Counter c2 = new Counter (5);
Counter c3 = new Counter(5);
cl.start 0 ;
c2.start();
c3.start 0 ;
16.5. CounterTest
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
0:
1:
2:
1:
2:
1:
0:
0:
1:
2:
0:
1:
0:
2:
2:
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
4
3
4
,
Runnable
.
, R u n n a b l e ,
T h r e a d , T h r e a d
R u n n a b l e , s t a r t T h r e a d .
r u n R u n n a b l e ; r u n
T h r e a d . r u n
( R u n n a b l e ) .
( r u n R u n n a b l e r u n T h r e a d ) , ,
. T h r e a d
R u n n a b l e , s t a r t r u n .
16.6.
1 6 . 1 .
669
16.6.ThreadedClass.Java
public c l a s s ThreadedClass extends AnyClass implements Runnable {
public void run() {
/ / .
}
p u b l i c void s t a r t T h r e a d ( ) {
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t . s t a r t O ; / / run ,
/ / , .
run , Runnable,
. run
, .

. ,
, Thread. c u r r e n t T h r e a d ().
16.7
. , ,
16.8, s t a r t Counter2,
Counter2 Thread s t a r t .
16.9 ,
, Counter.
16.7. Counter2.java
/** Runnable, N,
* .
public c l a s s Counter2 implements Runnable {

p r i v a t e s t a t i c i n t totalNum = 0;
p r i v a t e i n t currentNum, loopLimit;
p u b l i c C o u n t e r 2 ( i n t loopLimit) {
t h i s . l o o p L i m i t = loopLimit;
currentNum = totalNum++;
t.startO ;
p r i v a t e void pause(double seconds) {
t r y { Thread.sleep(Math.round(1000.O*seconds));
c a t c h ( I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n ie) {}
p u b l i c void run() {
670
16.

System.out.println("Counter " + currentNum + ": " + i ) ;
pause(Math.random()); // ""
// 1 .
}
}
}
16.8. Covinter2Test. Java

/** Counter2.
public class Counter2Test {
Counter2 cl = new Counter2(5)
Counter2 c2 = new Counter2(5)
Counter2 c3 = new Counter2(5)
}
}
16.9. Counter2Test
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter
0:
1:
2:
1:
1:
0:
1:
2:
0:
0:
1:
2:
2:
0:
2:
0
0
0
1
2
1
3
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
4
, ,
, Thread. , , Java
, -
(, Applet), Thread.
, run
. Thread
.
, s t a r t .
16.2. ""
671
16.2. ""
, Runnable,
. , ,
, . ,
, run.
, , ,
,
. 16.10
. , run
, )' .
16.10. BuggyCounterApplet. Java
/** run
* .
* , !
V
public c l a s s BuggyCounterApplet extends Applet
implements Runnable{
p r i v a t e i n t totalNum = 0;
p r i v a t e i n t loopLimit = 5;
/ / s t a r t Thread s t a r t
/ / Applet,
/ / i n i t .
p u b l i c void s t a r t {
Thread t ;
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
t = new Thread(this);
t. start 0 ;
}
}
private void pause(double seconds) {
try { Thread.sleep(Math.round(1000.O*seconds)); }
catch(InterruptedException ie) {}
}
public void run() {
int currentNum = totalNxom;
System.out.printlnCSetting currentNum to " + currentNum);
totalNum = totalNum + 1;
System, out .printlnC Counter " + currentNijm + ": " + i) ;
pause(Math.random());
}
}
672
16.
16.11. BuggyCounterApplet
> appletviewer BuggyCounterApplet.html
Setting currentNuin to 0
Counter 0: 0
Setting currentNum to 1
Counter 1: 0
Counter 2 0
Counter 2 1
Counter 1 1
Counter 0 1
Counter 2 2
Counter 0 2
Counter 1 2
Counter 1 3
Counter 0 3
Counter 2 3
Counter 1 4
Counter 2 4
Counter 0 4
(
16.11), ,
.
, , r u n
t o t a l N u m , .
, , "
" t o t a l N u m .
, 16.12.
16.12. BuggyCounterApplet,

> appletviewer BuggyCounterApplet.html
Counter 0: 0
Counter 0: 1
Counter 1: 0
Counter 1: 0
Counter 0: 2
Counter 0: 3
Counter 1: 1
Counter 0: 4
Counter 1: 1
Counter 1: 2
Counter 1: 3
Counter 1: 2
Counter 1; 3
Counter 1: 4
Counter 1: 4
16.3.
673
"" ,
t o t a l N u m .
public void run() {
i n t currentNum = totalNiim++;
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " S e t t i n g currentNum t o " +
currentNum);
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < l o o p L i m i t ; i++> {
S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " C o u n t e r " + currentNum +
": " + i) ;
p a u s e (Math. random () ) ;
}
}
, Java
, ,
. , ,
, "".
,
.
. , ,
.
, Java , ,
, , ,
.
.
16.3.
.

. ,
.
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O b j e c t ,

, .

,
, s y n c h r o n i z e d .
synchronized(someObject) {
//
}
674
1 6 .
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.
.
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synchronized6noKHpyeT
, .
#

,
s y n c h r o n i z e d .
p u b l i c s y n c h r o n i z e d v o i d someMethodO {
/ / .
}
someMethod,
(.. t h i s ) .
someMethod,
,
( t h i s ) . ,
.
p u b l i c s y n c h r o n i z e d v o i d someMethodO
/ / .
}
p u b l i c v o i d someMethodO {
synchronized(this) {
/ / .
}
}
1 6 . 3 .
675
"",
, .
,
.
r u n .

.
, s y n c h r o n i z e d , ,
, .
s y n c h r o n i z e d , , ,
, ,
synchronized.
!
,
synchronized.
T h r e a d , .
t h i s ,
.
, S o m e T h r e a d e d C l a s s s o m e S h a r e d O b j e c t ,
s t a t i c .
. 'YOHOK"
, ,
d o S o m e O p e r a t i o n s y n c h r o n i z e d .
, d o S o m e O p e r a t i o n ?
p u b l i c c l a s s SomeThreadedClass e x t e n d s Thread {
p r i v a t e s t a t i c RandomClass s o m e S h a r e d O b j e c t ;
p u b l i c synchronized void doSomeOperation()
accessSomeSharedObject();
public void run() {

while(someCondition) {
doSomeOperation0;
/ / .
d o S o m e O t h e r O p e r a t i o n ( ) ; / / .
}
}
}
, s y n c h r o n i z e d
synchronized(this){
676
16.
S o m e T h r e a d e d C l a s s t h i s
. do SomeO p e r a t i o n .
, t h i s .

, .
} - .
, ,
.
p u b l i c void doSomeOperation() {
synchronized(someSharedObject)
Class
C l a s s .
Java C l a s s .
.
public void doSomeOperation() {
synchronized(SomeThreadedClass.class) {
}
}
,
t h i s , C l a s s .

, ,
s t a t i c . :
p u b l i c c l a s s SomeThreadedClass e x t e n d s Thread {
p r i v a t e s t a t i c O b j e c t l o c k O b j e c t = new O b j e c t ( ) ;
p u b l i c void doSomeOperation()
synchronized(lockObject) {
,
. ,
,
.
16.4.
677
, , t h i s
, ,
R u n n a b l e . r u n .

t h i s . , ,
16.4.
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, .
S o m e C l a s s f o o ,
R a n d o m C l a s s r a n d o m A r g . f o o , . .
.
,
f o o .
p u b l i c c l a s s T h r e a d e d S o m e C l a s s e x t e n d s SomeClass
implements Runnable {
/ / foo v o i d , . .
/ / ,
p u b l i c v o i d f o o ( R a n d o m C l a s s randomArg) {
678
16.
MyThread t = new M y T h r e a d ( t h i s ,
t.start 0;
randomArg);
MyThread t = ( M y T h r e a d ) T h r e a d . c u r r e n t T h r e a d ( ) ;
RandomClass randomArg =
(RandomClass)t.getValueSavedEarlier();
super.foo(randomArg);
}
}
, f o o ( s u p e r . f o o )
, f o o ,
.
MyThread :
p u b l i c c l a s s MyThread e x t e n d s T h r e a d {
p r i v a t e Object d a t a ;
p u b l i c MyThread(Runnable r u n n a b l e , Object d a t a )
super(runnable);
this.data = data;
public Object getValueSavedEarlier() {

return data;
}
}
f o o , randomArg, MyThread
MyThread,
"". r a n d o m A r g )' f o o
"", randomArg
s u p e r , f o o . f o o
,
. , ,
f o o .
MyThread , f o o
"" R a n d o m C l a s s R a n d o m C l a s s
(, , S t r i n g , I n t e g e r ,
F l o a t , D o u b l e .) MyThread
randomArg. , MyThread
.
this.data = data.clone();
c l o n e RandomClass "" ,
.. ( ).
,
, 16.13 16.14. RSAKey
c o m p u t e Key,
, RSA.
, .
RSA, N S y s t e m , o u t .
h t t p : / / c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/.
16.4.
16.13. RSAKey. Java

import Java.math.Biglnteger;
/** RSA, .
public class RSAKey {

private static final Biglnteger ONE = new Biglnteger("1");
//
//
//
//
//
.
,
R = ^ mod N.
R = R'^d mod N,
, a d .
public void computeKey(String strNumDigits) {

Biglnteger p, q, n, m, encrypt, decrypt;
int numDigits = Integer.parseint(strNumDigits);
if (numDigits%2==l) {
numDigits++;
}
do {
p = Primes.nextPrime(Primes.random(numDigits/2));
q = Primes.nextPrime(Primes.random(numDigits/2));
n = p.multiply(q);
m = (p.subtract(ONE)).multiply(q.subtract(ONE));
// .
encrypt = Primes.nextPrime(Primes.random(numDigits));
while (!encrypt.gcd(m).equals(ONE)) {
encrypt = Primes.nextPrime(encrypt);
}
// .
decrypt = encrypt.modlnverse(m);
//
// (numDigits).
}while ((decrypt.toString().length() != numDigits) ||
(encrypt.toString().length() != numDigits) ||
(n.toString().length() != numDigits));
System.out.println("\nN
=> " + n ) ;
System.out.println("public => " + encrypt);
System.out.println("private => " + decrypt);
679
680
16.
1 6 . 1 4 . ThreadedRSAKey. Java
import
/**
*
*
*
java.io.*;
,

.
computeKey.
public class ThreadedRSAKey extends RSAKey implements Runnable {

// strNumDigits
// "".
public void computeKey(String strNumDigits) {
RSAThread t = new RSAThread(this, strNumDigits);
t.start 0 ;
}
// strNumDigits .
// ,
public void run() {
RSAThread t = (RSAThread)Thread.currentThread();
String StrNumDigits = t.getStrDigits();
super.computeKey(StrNumDigits);
public static void main(String[] args){
ThreadedRSAKey key = new ThreadedRSAKey()
for (int i=0; i<args.length ; i++) {
key.computeKey(args[i]);
}
}
}
class RSAThread extends Thread {
protected String strNumDigits;
public RSAThread(Runnable rsaObject, String strNumDigits) {
super(rsaObject);
this.StrNumDigits = strNumDigits;
}
public String getStrDigits () {
return(StrNumDigits);
, ,
,
c o m p u t e K e y
. ThreadedRSAKey computeKey;
RSAThread. -
16.5. Thread
681
, ThreadedRSAKey, 16.15.
, ,
, ,
.
2000 . RSA- (United States Pat
ent No. 4,405,829),
.
1 6 . 1 5 . ThreadedRSAKey
> j a v a ThreadedRSAKey 50 8
N
=> 22318033
p u b l i c => 99371593
p r i v a t e => 13439917
N
=> 80587 805972834 4259805164 31184 4 824160199414 998 4 603 9
p u b l i c => 8214 567 32107 9385034 667 0822324 9107 04 7 4 3113 917 4 81417
p r i v a t e => 54738576754079530157967908359197723401677283881913
,
, 17.
HTTP-,
. ,
h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n , HTTP-
,
S o c k e t .
16.5. Thread
, ,
T h r e a d . w a i t , n o t i f y n o t i f y A l l ,
T h r e a d Ob j e c t .
public ThreadO
T h r e a d
, r u n ,
.
T h r e a d , r u n . new T h r e a d ()
new T h r e a d ( n u l l , n u l l , "Thread-N") , N
.
public Thread(Runnable target)
}< T h r e a d ,
s t a r t r u n ,
682
16.
. T h r e a d ( n u l l ,
t a r g e t , "Thread-N").
public T h r e a d ( T h r e a d G r o u p g r o u p , R u n n a b l e target)
, r u n
R u n n a b l e . t a r g e t .
T h r e a d G r o u p ( c h e c k A c c e s s
). T h r e a d G r o u p
.
. , T h r e a d G r o u p .
, , , ,
. T h r e a d ( g r o u p , t a r g e t ,
"Thread-N").
public Thread(String name)
,
" T h r e a d - N " . .
g e t Name.
T h r e a d ( n u l l , n u l l , n a m e ) . ,
r u n Thread,
, .
public T h r e a d ( T h r e a d G r o u p g r o u p , String n a m e )
.
r u n T h r e a d .
T h r e a d ( g r o u p , n u l l , n a m e ) .
public T h r e a d ( R u n n a b l e target, String name)
,
R u n n a b l e . r u n t a r g e t .
T h r e a d ( n u l l , t a r g e t , n a m e ) .
public T h r e a d ( T h r e a d G r o u p g r o u p , R u n n a b l e target. String name)

, R u n n a b l e . g r o u p
n u l l , c h e c k A c c e s s
S e c u r i t y E x c e p t i o n . g r o u p
n u l l , .
t a r g e t n u l l , r u n T h r e a d .
public final int MAX_PRIORITY

.
public final int MIN__PRIORITY
.
16.5. Thread
683
p u b l i c final int N O R M _ P R I O R I T Y
.
,
.
, Java MAX_PRIORITY 10,
NORM_PRIORITY- 5, MIN_PRIORITY 1. Java
. , Solaris
2 , Windows N T 7 ,
, Java -. Windows
NT Java
.
, ,
.
p u b l i c static int activeCount()

T h r e a d G r o u p (
).
p u b l i c v o i d checkAccessO
, .
c h e c k A c c e s s ,
SecurityManager.
public static native T h r e a d currentThread()
c u r r e n t T h r e a d . ,
s t a t i c
T h r e a d , , .
p u b l i c v o i d destroyO
,
. , . JDK 1.2
.
public static void dumpStack()
S y s t e m , e r r .
p u b l i c static int enumerate(Thread[ ] g r o u p T h r e a d s )
T h r e a d G r o u p ,
.
.
a c t i v e C o u n t .
684
16.
public ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() [Java 2]

g e t C o n t e x t C l a s s L o a d e r C l a s s L o a d e r ,
. C l a s s L o a d e r
s e t C o n t e x t C l a s s L o a d e r , C l a s s L o a d e r
C l a s s L o a d e r .
public final String g e t N a m e ( )
.
public final int getPriority()
g e t P r i o r i t y .

setPriority.
public final T h r e a d G r o u p getThreadGroupO
T h r e a d G r o u p ,
. .
, 1 T h r e a d , .
public void interrupt()
. -,
j o i n , s l e e p w a i t ,
I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n . -,
, i s I n t e r r u p t e d .
.
i n t e r r u p t e d , i s l n t e r r u p t e d .
public static b o o l e a n interrupted()
,
(.. ), ,
i n t e r r u p t .
i s l n t e r r u p t e d , ,
.
public final native b o o l e a n isAlive()
t r u e ,
, . ,
r u n , f a l s e . i s A l i v e
, )' - ,
, . i s A l i v e
, , ,
.
public final b o o l e a n i s D a e m o n ( )
, .
, , Java-
16.5. Thread
685
. ,
,
s e t Daemon. ,
, .
public b o o l e a n i s l n t e r r u p t e d ( )
, ;
. , r u n ,
, i n t e r r u p t e d .
public final void join() throws I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n
public final s y n c h r o n i z e d j o i n ( l o n g m i l l i s e c o n d s ) throws I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n
public final s y n c h r o n i z e d j o i n ( l o n g m i l l i s e c o n d s , int n a n o s e c o n d s ) throws
InterruptedException

, j o i n (
i s A l i v e f a l s e ) .
j o i n , ,
, ;
, , .
j o i n , )'
.
w a i t n o t i f y .
public final native void notify()
public final native v o i d notifyAll()
w a i t , n o t i f y n o t i f y A l l O b j e c t .
n o t i f y "", , , n o t i f y A l l
, ,
. n o t i f y n o t i f y A l l
,
(.. ).
, ,
n o t i f y , )'.
w a i t .
public void run()
,
. r u n . ,
, r u n ;
s t a r t .
public v o i d setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader loader) [Java 2]
( C l a s s L o a d e r ) .
C l a s s L o a d e r , Java -
686
16.
, . S e c u r i t y M a n a g e r
C l a s s L o a d e r ,
S e c u r i t y E x c e p t i o n . C l a s s L o a d e r ,
.
public final void s e t D a e m o n ( b o o l e a n b e c o m e D a e m o n )
.
; s e t Daemon
. Java- ,
, .
public final void s e t N a m e ( S t r i n g t h r e a d N a m e )
.
public 1 v o i d setPriority(int threadPriority)
s e t P r i o r i t y ;

.
Thread.MIN_PRIORITY Thread.MAX_PRIORITY.
.
, MAX_PRIORITY , .
,
,
,
, "" .
public static native void s l e e p ( l o n g m i l l i s e c o n d s ) throws I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n
public static native void s l e e p ( l o n g m i l l i s e c o n d s , int n a n o s e c o n d s )
throws I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n
,
, . s l e e p ,
.

Thread, sleep .
public s y n c h r o n i z e d native v o i d start()
, r u n .
t a r g e t (. )
n u l l , s t a r t r u n T h r e a d .
R u n n a b l e , s t a r t r u n .
, A p p l e t s t a r t ,
i n i t p a i n t .
. ,
s t a r t .
16.5. Thread
687
public 1 void wait() throws InterruptedException

public final void wait(long milliseconds) throws InterruptedException
public final void wait(long milliseconds, int nanoseconds)
throws InterruptedException
.
n o t i f y n o t i f y A l l .
w a i t Thread, Object,
. :
p u b l i c synchronized void someMethodO {
doSomePreliminaries();
while (!someContinueCondition()) {
try {
/ / .
/ /
/ / nporpaiviMbi,
/ / ,
/ / - .
,
wait ;
} c a t c h ( I n t e r r u p t e d E x c e p t i o n ie) {}
}
continueOperations();
}
w a i t , .
,
( t h i s ) , w a i t
, :
public void someOtherMethod() {
doSomeUnsynchronizedStuff();
doSomePreliminaries() ;
while (!someContinueCondition0) {
try {
someObject.wait0 ;
}
continueOperations();
}
doSomeMoreUnsynchronizedStuff();
}
public static native void yield()

"" ,
,
. y i e l d ,
. ,
" " .
,
. ,
Java 2 .
688
16.

Java
s t o p . Java
,
, ,
. ,
s t o p .
, , run
. :
c l a s s ThreadExample implements Runnable {
p r i v a t e boolean runningsp u b l i c ThreadExample()
Thread t h r e a d = new T h r e a d ( t h i s ) ;
thread.start() ;
}
p u b l i c void run(){
running = t r u e ;
while (running) {
}
}
public void setRunning(boolean running) {

this.running = running;
}
}
, f a l s e r u n n i n g , ,
, w h i l e
run . ,
run , ,
.
Thread
run. }^
, , run.
, 16.16.
s e t S t a t e , : STOP,
RUN WAIT. run ( s t a t e )
STOP (
run s e t S t a t e ) , w h i l e
. s e t S t a t e
"" ,
( t h r e a d , i n t e r r u p t ()) s e t S t a t e
RUN. .
16.5. Thread
16.16-StoppableThread.Java
/** ,
* .
public class StoppableThread extends Thread {

public static final
public static final
public static final
private int state =
/**
*
*
*
int STOP
int RUN
int WAIT
RUN;
= 0
= 1
= 2
,
,
.
checkState.
V
public synchronized void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
if (state==RUN) {
notify 0 ;
}
}
/** (RUN, STOP, WAIT).
* InterruptedException
* .
V
private synchronized int checkState() {
while (state==WAIT) {
try {
wait ();
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }
}
return state;
/** , ,
* .
V
public void run() {
while (CheckState !=STOP) {
689
690
16.

Applet s t o p , Web ( Netscape)
. Web-
, s t o p
, .

stop .
s tart.
16.6.
ThreadGroup .
, ThreadGroup ,
.
ThreadGroup.
public ThreadGroup(String groupName)

ThreadGroup,
, , .
public ThreadGroup(ThradGroup parent, String groupName)
ThreadGroup,
.
public synchronized int activeCount()

a c t i v e C o u n t ,
.
public synchronized int activeGroupCount()
activeGroupCount ,
.
public final void checkAccess()
,
)1. checkAccess ,
SecurityManager, .
16.6.
691
public final s y n c h r o n i z e d void destroyO

, ,
.
, I l l e g a l T h r e a d S t a t e E x c e p t i o n .
public int e n u m e r a t e ( T h r e a d [ ] threads)
public int enumerate(Thread[ ] t h r e a d s , b o o l e a n recurse)
public int e n u m e r a t e ( T h r e a d G r o u p [ ] groups)
public int e n u m e r a t e ( T h r e a d G r o u p [ ] g r o u p s , b o o l e a n recurse)

. r e c u r s e t r u e , e n u m e r a t e
.
public final int getMaxPriorityO
g e t M a x P r i o r i t y ,
.
s e t M a x P r i o r i t y .
public final String g e t N a m e ( )
.
public final T h r e a d G r o u p getParent()
g e t P a r e n t .
, , n u l l .
public final v o i d interrupt()
i n t e r r u p t ,
. i n t e r r u p t .
public 1 b o o l e a n i s D a e m o n ( )
i s Daemon , .
, .
public final b o o l e a n isDestroyed()
i s D e s t r o y e d , . ,
,
.
T h r e a d T h r e a d G r o u p .
public s y n c h r o n i z e d v o i d list()
,
, S y s t e m , o u t . l i s t .
692
16.
public final b o o l e a n p a r e n t O f ( T h r e a d G r o u p d e s c e n d a n t )
p a r e n t O f , (
) -.
public final v o i d s e t D a e m o n ( b o o l e a n b e c o m e D a e m o n )
,
. s e t Daemon .
public final s y n c h r o n i z e d void setMaxPriority(int max)
,
s e t P r i o r i t y . ,
, . ,
.
public void u n c a u g h t E x c e p t i o n ( T h r e a d thread, Throwable error)
, ,
u n c a u g h t E x c e p t i o n .
.
16.7.

.
, .
paint.
,
.
.

,
. ,
.
paint.
, ,
.
update
paint.
,
.
.

.
.
16.7.
693
paint
, Java-
, r e p a i n t ;
p a i n t , . r e p a i n t u p d a t e ,
p a i n t , G r a p h i c s .
p a i n t ,
,
,
. p a i n t ,
, ,
.
, ,
, . .
, ,
r e p a i n t . p a i n t
( 16.17).
16.17. S h i p S i m u l a t i o n o a v a
p u b l i c c l a s s ShipSimulation extends Applet implements Runnable {
Ship s;
for(int i=0; i<ships.length; i++) {
s = ships[i];
s.move(); // *
repaint()
}
p u b l i c void p a i n t ( G r a p h i c s g) {
Ship s;
f o r ( i n t i=0; i < s h i p s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
s = ships[i];
g . d r a w ( s ) ; / / .
}
}
,
.
, ,
. 16.18 ,
, p a i n t , , .
. 16.1.
S i m p l e C i r c l e c i r c l e s .
r e p a i n t S i m p l e C i r c l e .
694
16.
1 v:'^"^ ' ^'"W5j'^"'^^"asf

~3
Drawing Circles
1-
d
^^)^
Computet
. 16.1.
,
p a i n t , ,
.
, ,
,
1 6 . 1 8 . D r a w C i r c l e s . j a v a
import j a v a . a w t . e v e n t . * ;
import j a v a . u t i l . V e c t o r ;
/** ,
.*/
p u b l i c c l a s s DrawCircles extends Applet {
p r i v a t e Vector c i r c l e s ;
/** S i m p l e C i r c l e ,
* Vector,
* ,
* ( r e p a i n t u p d a t e ,
* p a i n t ) .
V
p r i v a t e c l a s s CircleDrawer extends MouseAdapter {
circles.addElement(
16.7.
695
new SimpleCircle (event. getX () , event. getY () , 25) ) ,

repaint();
}
}
public void initO {
circles = new Vector();
addMouseListener(new CircleDrawer());
/** SimpleCircle
* .
V
SimpleCircle circle;
for(int i=0; i<circles.size(); i++) {
circle = (SimpleCircle)circles.elementAt(i);
circle.draw(g);
}
16.19 S i m p l e C i r c l e , D r a w C i r c l e s .
1 6 . 1 9 . S i m p l e C i r c l e . J a v a
import
java.awt.*;
/** ,
* , (draw)
public class SimpleCircle {
private int x, y, radius;
public SimpleCircle(int x, int y, int radius) {
setX(x);
setY(y);
setRadius(radius);
}
/** Graphics SimpleCircle
* .
V
public void draw(Graphics g) {
g.fillOval(x - radius, - radius,
radius * 2, radius * 2 ) ;
}
public int getXO { return (x); }
public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; }
public int getYO
{ return (y); }
696
16.
public void setY(int ) { this. = ; }

public int getRadiusO
{ return (radius) ;
public void setRadius(int radius) {

this.radius = radius;

, , ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
- , , .

,
, ,
. ,
C a n v a s ,
. ,
move . ,
, ,
,
. , , 13.

,
p a i n t ,
.
.
, ,
. C a n v a s
,
.
paint
p a i n t .
. ,
G r a p h i c s ,
XOR drawXxx G r a p h i c s . -
16.7.
697
, ,
, .
16.20 , .
.
. 16.2.
16.20.Rubberband.Java
import java.awt.*;
/k-k . */
public class Rubberband extends Applet {
private int startX, startY, lastX, lastY;
addMouseListener(new RectRecorder());
addMouseMotionListener(new RectDrawer());
/ . x, , w, h
* .
V
private void drawRectangle(Graphics g, int startX, int startY,
int stopX, int stopY ) {
int X, y, w^ h;
X = Math.min(startX, stopX);
= Math.min(startY, stopY);
w = Math.abs(startX - stopX);
h = Math.abs(StartY - stopY);
g.drawRect(x, y, w, h ) ;
}
private class RectRecorder extends MouseAdapter {
/**
* .
V
StartX = event.getX0;
StartY = event.getY0;
lastX = StartX;
lastY = StartY;
}
/** ,
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent event) {
698
16.
g.setXORMode(Color.lightGray) ;
drawRectangle(g, startX, startY, lastX, lastY);
}
private class RectDrawer extends MouseMotionAdapter {
/** ,
'^ ,
* , .
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) {
int X = event.getX();
int = event.getY0;
g.setXORMode(Color.lightGray);
drawRectangle(g, startX, startY, lastX, lastY);
drawRectangle(g, startX, startY, x, y ) ;
lastX = x;
lastY = y;
te d i o ( HetP
13
Click and drag to show rubberbanding
iifacf
AR^Ri4*e^n<JlMww^ ;
..^^.. >2^J
. 16.2. Java

,

(
p a i n t )
, .
p a i n t , .
,
.
1 6 . 7 .
699
update
paint
,
.
; p a i n t ,
(, , )
.
. p a i n t ,
, , ,
r e p a i n t .
, u p d a t e ,
p a i n t .
public void update(Graphics g) {
paint(g);
}
p a i n t ,
, , ,
. ,
p a i n t ,
.

, paint,
,
.
16.21 , .
,
. . 16.3,
, .
.
16.21.Bounce.Java
import j a v a . u t i l . V e c t o r ;
/**
*
*
*
V
.
,
. update ,
.
public c l a s s Bounce extends Applet implements Runnable,

ActionListener {
p r i v a t e Vector c i r c l e s ;
700
16.

private Button startButton, stopButton;
private Thread animationThread = null;
public void initO {
setBackground{Color.white) ;
width = getSize0 .width;
circles = new Vector ();
StartButton = new Button("Start a circle");
StartButton.addActionListener(this);
add(startButton) ;
StopButton = new Button("Stop all circles");
StopButton.addActionListener(this);
add(stopButton) ;
}
/**
* "St^rt circle",
'^ ( ) .
* Vector.
* <>
* "Stop all circles"
* .
V
if (event.getSource() == startButton) {
if (circles.size() == 0) {
// ,
// .
getOraphics().clearRect(, , getSize().width,
getSize().height);
animationThread = new Thread(this);
animationThread.start() ;
}
int radius = 25;
int X = radius + randomint(width - 2 * radius);
int = radius + randomint(height - 2 * radius);
int deltaX = 1 + randomint(10);
int deltaY = 1 + randomint(10);
circles.addElement(new MovingCircle(x, y, radius, deltaX,
deltaY));
} else if (event.getSource() == stopButton) {
if (animationThread != null) {
animationThread = null;
circles.removeAllElements();
}
repaint 0 ;
}
/ g paint,
* . paint
* .
V
public void run() {
16.7.
Thread myThread = Thread.currentThread();

// , animationThread null
while(animationThread==myThread) {
repaint();
pause(100);
}
/** update ,
* .
paint(g);
}
/** ,
* .
MovingCircle circle;
for(int i=0; i<circles.size(); i++) {
circle = (MovingCircle)circles.elementAt(i);
g.setColor(getBackground());
circle.draw(g); // ,
circle.move(width, height);
g.setColor(getForeground());
circle.draw(g); // .
}
}
// to max
// (), + 1 .
private int randomint(int max) {
double X =
Math, floor ( (double) (max -- 1) * Math. random() ) ;
return((int)(Math.round(x)));
// "" .
private void.pause(int milliseconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep((long)milliseconds);
701
702
16.
Fife
ctt
)tttm
Favc#e
Jools
1|
Bouncing Circles
iA
J
^
tidfted
' ' [3''{(1
. 16.3. , paint,
,
,

Bounce MovingCircle,
; S i m p l e C i r c l e .
MovingCircle 16.22.
16.22. MovingCircle. java
/**
*
*
*
*
S i m p l e C i r c l e ;
, deltaX d e l t a Y .
,
, ""
.
public class MovingCircle extends SimpleCircle {

private int deltaX, deltaY;
public MovingCircle(int x, int y, int radius, int deltaX,
int deltaY) {
super(x, y, radius);
this.deltaX = deltaX;
this.deltaY = deltaY;
}
16.7.
703
public void move(int windowWidth, int windowHeight) {

setX(getX() + getDeltaX());
setY(getY() + getDeltaY());
bounce(windowWidth, windowHeight);
}
private void bounce(int windowWidth, int windowHeight) {
int X = g e t X O , = g e t Y O , radius = getRadius () ,
deltaX = getDeltaX0, deltaY = getDeltaY();
if ((X - radius < 0) && (deltaX < 0)) {
setDeltaX(-deltaX);
} else if ((X + radius > windowWidth) && (deltaX > 0)) {
setDeltaX(-deltaX);
}
if ((y -radius < 0) && (deltaY < 0)) {
setDeltaY(-deltaY);
} else if((y + radius > windowHeight) && (deltaY > 0)) {
setDeltaY(-deltaY);
}
}
public int getDeltaX0 {
return(deltaX);
}
public void setDeltaX(int deltaX) {
this.deltaX = deltaX;
}
public int getDeltaY0 {
return(deltaY);
public void setDeltaY(int deltaY)
this.deltaY = deltaY;
}
}

. ,
. , ""
, .

.
, .
, ,
.
704
16.
. (
), . ,
u p d a t e , .
; ,
, u p d a t e
, .
Swing-, AWT .
-,
.
1. update.
p a i n t . ,
p a i n t .
2. createlmage.
, ,
, [ . , c r e a t e l m a g e
i n i t ( , ),
.
c r e a t e l m a g e ,
(, s e t V i s i b l e ) .
c r e a t e l m a g e , , n u l l .
- ,
.
s e t V i s i b l e , a d d N o t i f .
!
createlmage ,
,
null.
3. )^ getGraphics.
, G r a p h i c s ,
G r a p h i c s ,
, .
4. .
, .
Swing ,
super.paintComponent.
5. .
d r a w l m a g e .
16.23 , .
DoubleBuf f , Bounce,
,
. . 16.4.
16.7.
16.23.DoubleBufferBounce.Java
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
Java, applet .Appletsjava.awt.*;

Java.awt.event.*;
java.util.Vector;

;
.
update .
V
public class DoubleBufferBounce extends Applet implements
Runnable, ActionListener
private Vector circles;
private Image offScreenlmage;
private Graphics offScreenGraphics;
private Button startButton, stopButton;
private Thread animationThread = null;
public void initO {
width = getSize0.width;
offScreenlmage = createlmage(width, height);
offScreenGraphics = offScreenlmage.getGraphics();
// .
offScreenGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
circles = new Vector();
StartButton = new Button("Start a circle");
add(StartButton);
StopButton = new Button("Stop all circles");
add(stopButton);
}
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*/

"Start circle",
( ).
Vector.
<>
"Stop all circles"
.

if (circles.size() == 0) {
animationThread = new Thread(this);
animationThread.start 0 ;
}
int radius = 25;
int X = radius + randomint(width - 2 * radius);
705
706
16.
int = radius + randomint(height - 2 * radius);

int deltaX = 1 + randomint(10);
int deltaY = 1 -f randomint (10) ;
circles.addElement(new MovingCircle(x, y, radius, deltaX,
deltaY));
repaint();
if (animationThread != null) {
animationThread = null;
circles.removeAllElements() ;
}
/**
* , deltaX/deltaY.
* .
*/
public void run () {
Thread myThread = Thread.currentThread();
// Ha , animationThread null,
while(animationThread==myThread) {
for(int j=0; j<circles.size(); j++) {
circle = (MovingCircle)circles.elementAt(j);
circle.move(width, height);
}
repaint();
pause(100);
}
}
/** update ,
* .
paint(g);
}
/** ,
* .
offScreenGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
for(int i=0; i<circles.size() ; i++) {
circle = (MovingCircle)circles.elementAt(i);
circle.draw(offScreenGraphics);
}
g.drawImage(offScreenlmage, 0, 0, this);
}
// max
// (), max + 1 .
16.7.
707
private int randomint(int ) {

double X = Math.floor((double)(max + 1 ) * Math.random());
return((int)(Math.round(x)));
}
// "" .
private void pause(int milliseconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep((long)milliseconds);
}
mm
P e <i Wm 0 c(imtnicô(
ii(^
^' a .^ ^ iai-**
Bouncing Circles
!it
CHoodilditiss
'
'
4^
1
;n ^jhLk^^^
, , v<g^
. 16.4.
,
.

, .
,
.
, , ,
.
708
16.
.
AWT-
.
Swing ,
Swing.
16.8.
Java
. Web- GIF- (
GIF89A) . GIF-
, Adobe PhotoShop
Quark,
GIF-. Web-, GIF-
. Java
,
GIF89A.
.
Image.
Image.
,
, , ,
r e p a i n t s l e e p .
p a i n t (AWT) p a i n t C o m p o n e n t (Swing)
G r a p h i c s G r a p h i c s 2 D .
, ,
, ,
, , ""
. . 9.
16.24.
Duke ,
, 15 .
( t u m b l e D i r e c t i o n 1),
( t u m b l e D i r e c t i o n - 1 ) .
r e p a i n t , Duke
A p p l e t . r e p a i n t ,
. p a i n t
,
.
, Duke s e t S t a t e ,
HTML-
.
, , .
. 9.
16.8.
16.24. ImageAnimation. Java

import java.awt.*;
public class ImageAnimation extends Applet {
/**
*
*
*
*

15 . Duke
. stop
, setState Duke.
update .
private static final int NUMDUKES

private Duke[] dukes;
private int i;
= 2;
public void initO {

dukes = new Duke[NUMDUKES];
}
/**
* .
public void start {
int tumbleDirection;
for (int i=0; KNUMDUKES ; i++) {
tumbleDirection = (i%2==0) ? 1 :-l;
dukes[i] = new Duke(tumbleDirection, this);
dukes[i].start();
}
}
/** update ,
* .
paint(g);
}
for (i=0 ; KNUMDUKES ; 1++) {
if (dukes[i] != null) {
g.drawlmage(Duke.images[dukes[i].getlndex()],
200*1, 0, this);
}
}
}
709
710
16.
/ stop setState
* Duke, ,
* run.
V
public void stop {
for (int i=0; i<NUMDUKES ; i++) {
dukes[i].setState(Duke.STOP);
}
}
}
16.25.Duke.Java
import java.awt.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
Duke Thread.
Duke
, repaint.
Duke
.
public class Duke extends Thread {

public static final int STOP = 0;
public static final int RUN = 1;
public static final int WAIT = 2;
public static Image[] images;
private static final int NUMIMAGES = 15;
private static Object lock = new Object();
private int state = RUN;
private int tumbleDirection;
private int index = 0;
private Applet parent;
public Duke(int tumbleDirection, Applet parent) {
this.tumbleDirection = tumbleDirection;
this.parent = parent;
synchronized(lock) {
if (images==null) { // ,
images = new Image[ NUMIMAGES ];
for (int i=0; KNUMIMAGES; i++) {
images[i] = parent.getlmage( parent.getCodeBase(),
"images/T" + i + ".gif");
}
}
}
/** .
16.8.
public int getlndexO
{ return index; }
/** , ,
* .
* checkState.
V
public synchronized void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
if (state==RUN) {
notify 0 ;
}
}
/**
*
*
*
(RUN, STOP, WAIT).

, wait
,
setState.
V
private synchronized int checkState() {
while (state==WAIT) {
try {
wait 0 ;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
return state;
}
/**
*
*^
*

index ( ),
repaint . ,
.
V
public void run() {
while (CheckState !=STOP) {
index += tumbleDirection;
if (index < 0) {
index = NUMIMAGES - 1;
}
if (index >= NUMIMAGES) {
index = 0;
}
parent.repaint();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
break;
// while.
}
711
712
16.
.|'''14'1'11|'^|1
/ ^
1
4f}
Applet started.
. 16.5.
Duke
Java GIF89A. GIF-

Image , , p a i n t . Java
A n i m a t o r , r e p a i n t
, GIF89A.
, ,
GIF89A, Web-. , ,
, ?
r u n ? Internet Ex
plorer A n i m a t o r Web. , Netscape .
16.9.
,
,
- .

. ,
"" .
j a v a x . s w i n g . T i m e r ,
,
.
T i m e r .

A c t i o n E v e n t , .
s t a r t . :
Timer t i m e r = new T i m e r ( p e r i o d ,
timer.start() ;
listener);
T i m e r ,
( ), p e r i o d ,
(. a d d A c t i o n L i s t e n e r ) A c t i o n E v e n t . T i m e r
,
, . T i m e r ,
s e t R e p e a t s ( f a l s e ) . T h r e a d ,
. T i m e r
r e s t a r t .
, T i m e r , .
,
T i m e r , , -
16.9.
713
. . ,
Timer,
. , ,
, s e t C o a l e s e ( f a l s e ) .
, setLogTimers ( t r u e ) ,
, ActionEvent,
.
. setLogTimers s t a t i c ,
, .
Timer
16.26 16.27.
,
Thread .
. TimedDuke
loaded; "".
MediaTracker ,
. a c t ionPe formed
TimedDuke,
r e p a i n t . s t a r t s t o p .
16.26, TimedAnimation. Java
import j avax.swing.*;
/** .
* Dukes
* .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s TimedAnimation extends JApplet {
p r i v a t e s t a t i c f i n a l i n t NUMDUKES = 2;
p r i v a t e TimedDuke[] dukes;
p r i v a t e i n t i , index;
dukes = new TimedDuke[NUMDUKES];
dukesEO] = new TimedDuke( 1, 100, t h i s ) ;
dukes[1] = new TimedDuke(-1, 500, t h i s ) ;
//
Duke.
p u b l i c void s t a r t 0 {
for ( i n t i=0; KNUMDUKES ; i++) {
dukes[i].startTimer();
}
714
16.
for (i=0 ; KNUMDUKES ; i++) {

index = dukes[i].getlndex0;
g.drawlmage(TimedDuke.images[index], 200*i, 0, this);
}
}
}
//
Duke.
public void stopO {

for (int i=0; KNUMDUKES ; i++) {
dukes [i] .stopTimerO ;
}
}
}
16.27. TimedDuke. Java

import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
j avax.swing.*;
Duke
.
actionPerformed, ,
, repaint
.
public class TimedDuke implements ActionListener {

private static final int NUMIMAGES = 15;
private static boolean loaded = falserprivate static Object lock = new Object ();
private int tumbleDirection;
private int msec;
private int index = 0;
private Applet parent;
private Timer timer;
public static Image[] images = new Image[NUMIMAGES];
public TimedDuke(int tumbleDirection, int msec.
Applet parent) {
this.tumbleDirection = tumbleDirection;
this.msec = msec;
this.parent = parent;
synchronized (lock) {
if (!loaded) {
MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(parent);
for (int i=0; KNUMIMAGES; i++) {
images[i] = parent.getlmage(parent.getCodeBase(),
"images/T" + i + ".gif");
16.9.
715
tracker.addlmage(images[i] , 0) ;
}
try {
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {}
if (!tracker.isErrorAny0) {
loaded = true;
}
}
}
timer = new Timer(msec, this);
}
// .
public int getlndexO
{ return index; }
// . actionPerformed
//
/ / .
index += tumbleDirection;
if (index < 0){
index = NUMIMAGES - 1;
}
if (index >= NUMIMAGES) {
index = 0;
}
parent.repaint();
}
// , ,
public void startTimerO {
timer.start();
}
// , ,
public void stopTimerO {
timer.stop();
}
T i m e r .
public Timer(int p e r i o d , A c t i o n L i s t e n e r listener)

, .
.
71
16.
Timer
public void addActionListener(ActionListener listener)
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r Timer.
ActionEvent, ,
a c t i o n P e r f ormed.
public boolean isRunningO
t r u e , ;
f a l s e .
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener listener)
A c t i o n L i s t e n e r
Timer.
public void restartO
r e s t a r t .
public void setCoalesce(boolean flag)
s e t C o a l e s c e ( t r u e ) ( f a l s e )
ActionEvent. ,
ActionEvent, ,
. ,
ActionEvent.
public void setDelay(int period)

. .
public void setInitialDelay(int delay)
s e t l n i t i a l D e l a y ( )
. ,
.
public static void setLogTimers(boolean flag)
,
. System, out
:
Timer r i n g i n g :
TimedDuke@3f345.
public void setRepeats(boolen repeat)

s e t R e p e a t s ,
( f a l s e ) ( t r u e ) .
.
16.10.
717
public void start()

s t a r t .
s t o p , ;
.
public void stopO
s t o p ; Timer
ActionEvent.
16.10.

. ,

, .

; .
,
,
. ,
, .

. ,
.
(
), , , .

, .
,
.
...
.
S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r .
.
HTTP-.
Web- URL.
.
HTTP-.
.

RMI.
lt~y\3J^3J
:
. ,

. , ,
( ).
,
.
, , .
,
, ,
.
.

,
. ,

(socket).
. -
, ,
, Java. URL
,
-. ,
, , Java
RMI
(Remote Method Invocation ) JDBC (Java Database Connec
tivity Java- ). RMI -
720
17.
Java- . JDBC
SQL- . Java Data
base Connectivity 22.
17.1.

. .
1. Socket.
2. ,
Socket.
3. .
4. .
5. Socket .
. ,
, , lOException,
t r y / c a t c h .
Socket
Java- Socket ,
. ,
. ,
IP- . :
Socket c l i e n t = new Socket("hostname'\ portNumber);
Socket c l i e n t = new Socket("IP a d d r e s s " , portNumber);

, ,
, , , .
Java , (UDP);
DatagramSocket.
,
Socket
Java ,
.
,
. , ,
, .
P r i n t W r i t e r . p r i n t p r i n t l n
,
. P r i n t W r i t e r
OutputStream,
Socket, g e t O u t p u t S t r e a m .
1 7 . 1 .
721
t r u e ,
.
, .
, ,
p r i n t I n .
P r i n t W r i t e r .
P r i n t W r i t e r out =
new P r i n t W r i t e r ( c l i e n t . g e t O u t p u t S t r e a m ( ) ,
true);
O b j e c t O u t p u t S t r e a m Java .
O b j e c t O u t p u t S t r e a m , ,
, , : , ,
w r i t e O b j e c t . , ,
r e a d O b j e c t O b j e c t I n p u t S t r e a m .
, AWT- (
), , ,
, S e r i a l i z a b l e .
13, .
, Java , RMI.

,
. ,
. ,
, .
I n p u t S t r e a m R e a d e r .
InputStreamReader in =
new I n p u t S t r e a m R e a d e r ( c l i e n t . g e t l n p u t s t r e a m ( ) ) ;
,
, I n p u t S t r e a m
Buf f e r e d R e a d e r .
.
(
512 )
.
BufferedReader in =
new B u f f e r e d R e a d e r
(new I n p u t S t r e a m R e a d e r ( c l i e n t . g e t l n p u t S t r e a m O ) ) ;
,

.
722
17.
,
; , , .

. ,
(, ,
).
.
. Java
, O b j e c t l n p u t S t r e a m r e a d O b j e c t .

P r i n t S t r e a m p r i n t n p r i n t l n ,
, S t r i n g
. ( j e c t )
t o S t r i n g .
, S y s t e m , o u t ,
, P r i n t S t r e a m . O u t p u t S t r e a m
P r i n t S t r e a m w r i t e ,
.
P r i n t W r i t e r P r i n t S t r e a m ; p r i n t
p r i n t I n . ,
P r i n t W r i t e r Unicode.
Buf f e r e d R e a d e r : r e a d r e a d L i n e .
r e a d , r e a d L i n e
S t r i n g .
, . r e a d L i n e
EOF ( ,
), , ,
, , ,
. EOF r e a d L i n e
n u l l .
Socket
, c l o s e .
client.close();
, .

, 17.1, .
c o n n e c t , ,
h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n , .
h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n ,
( " G e n e r i c N e t w o r k C l i e n t " ) ,
17.1.
723
.
handle Connect ion,
. connect .
17.1.NetworkClient.Java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
,
.
, ,
connect .
PrintWriter
BufferedReader, SocketUtil.
public class NetworkClient {

protected String host;
protected int port;
/ .
*
* connect.
V
public NetworkClient(String host, int port) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
}
/* connect , a
* handleConnection.
V
public void connect() {
try {
Socket client = new Socket(host, port);
handleConnection(client);
} catch(UnknownHostException uhe) {
System.out.println("Unknown host: " + host);
uhe.printStackTrace() ;
System.out.println("lOException: " + ioe);
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* handleConnection.
*
* ("Generic Network Client"),
* , .
724
17.
protected void handleConnection(Socket client)

throws lOException {
PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(client);
BufferedReader in = SocketUtil.getReader(client);
out.println("Generic Network Client");
System.out.println
("Generic Network Client:\n" +
"Made connection to " + host +
" and got '" + in.readLine() + " in response");
client.close 0 ;
}
/** , . */
public String getHostO {
return(host);
}
/** , . */
public int getPortO {
return(port);
}
SocketUtil ( 17.2)
Buf feredReader PrintWriter.
17.2.SocketUtil.Java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
/** BufferedReader PrintWriter,
* Socket.
public class SocketUtil {
/** BufferedReader . */
public static BufferedReader getReader(Socket s)
return(new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(s.getlnputStreamO)));
}
/** PrintWriter .
* println PrintWriter
* , .
V
public static PrintWriter getWriter(Socket s)
725
// true
// .
return(new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true));
}
}
, , NetworkClientTest, 17.3,
NetworkClient, .
17.3. NetworkClientTest.Java
/**
.
V
public class NetworkClientTest {
String host = "localhost";
int port = 8088;
host = args[0];
}
port = Integer.parseint(args[1]);
}
NetworkClient nwClient = new NetworkClient(host, port);
nwClient.connect();
}
FTP-
, 17.3,
FTP- Netscape,
21. ">"
DOS UNIX.
> Java N e t w o r k C l i e n t T e s t f t p . n e t s c a p e . c o m 21
G e n e r i c Network C l i e n t :
Made c o n n e c t i o n t o f t p . n e t s c a p e . c o m and g o t ' 2 2 0 f t p 2 6 FTP s e r v e r
(UNIX(r) System V R e l e a s e 4 . 0 ) r e a d y . * i n r e s p o n s e
17.2.
StringTokenizer

. ,
S t r i n g . Java-
S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r , .
726
17.
( j a v a . n e t ,
j a v a . u t i l ) , ,
-, S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r
.
StringTokenizer
, ,
, n e x t T o k e n .
, , ,
n e x t T o k e n .
( c o u n t T o k e n s ) ,
( h a s M o r e T o k e n s ) .
.
p u b l i c StringTokenizer(String input)
,
, ,
. .
p u b l i c StringTokenizer(String input, String delimiters)
,
. .
public StringTokenizer(String input, String d e l i m i t e r s , b o o l e a n
includeDelimiters)
,
. t r u e ,
.
1\/1
public String nextToken()
.
, n e x t T o k e n N o S u c h ElementException.
public String n e x t T o k e n ( S t r i n g delimiters)
,
. n e x t T o k e n ,
, NoSuchElementException.
727
public int c o u n t T o k e n s ( )
c o u n t T o k e n s , .
.
public b o o l e a n h a s M o r e T o k e n s ( )
h a s M o r e T o k e n s ,
; .
n e x t T o k e n ,
, n e x t T o k e n t r y / c a t c h ,
N o S u c h E l e m e n t E x c e p t i o n , ,
h a s M o r e T o k e n s ,
. , h a s M o r e T o k e n s
, n e x t T o k e n ,
.

StringTokenizer ,
17.4.
.
17.4.TokTest.Java
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
/** ,
* - .
V
public class TokTest {
String input = args[0], delimiters = args[l];
StringTokenizer tok =
new StringTokenizer(input, delimiters);
while (tok.hasMoreTokens0) {
System.out.println(tok.nextToken());
}
} else {
System.out.println
("Usage: Java TokTest string delimeters");
TokTest.
> Java TokTest http://www. microsoft .com/''gates/ :/.
http
728
17.
microsoft
com
-gates
> Java TokTest "if (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {" " (){ . "
if
tok
hasMoreTokens
17.3. ,

. - t e l n e t .
,
, .
, ,
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
),
, .
_,
q u i t . SMTP-
. 17.5
, 1 . j hu . edu.
17.5.
> t e l n e t a p l . j h u . e d u 25
Trying 1 2 8 . 2 2 0 . 1 0 1 . 1 0 0 . . .
Connected t o a p l c e n M P . a p l . j h u . e d u .
Escape c h a r a c t e r i s ' ' ^ j ' .
220 a p l c e n M P . a p l . j h u . e d u ESMTP S e n d m a i l 8 . 9 . 3 / 8 . 9 . 1 ; S a t ,
12:05:42
500 (EST)
expn h a l l
250 Marty Hall <hall(?aplcenMP. apl. jhu. edu>
expn root
250-Tom Vellani <vellani@aplcenMP.apl.jhu.edu>
250 Gary Gafke <gary@aplcenMP.apl.jhu.edu>
quit
221 aplcenMP.apl.jhu.edu closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
10 Feb 2001
,
, ,
, , ,
q u i t . SMTP-
. , , r e a d L i n e -
17.3. , ...
729
, .
,
. readLine
read, ,
, , w r i t e
. , ,
17.6, 17.7 ,
. ,
.
17.6. AddressVerif i e r . java
/** @.
* 25
* *'. .
V
public class AddressVerifier extends NetworkClient {
p r i v a t e String username;
if (args.length != 1) {
usage();
}
MailAddress address = new MailAddress(args[0]);

AddressVerifier v e r i f i e r
= new AddressVerifier(address.getUsername0 ,
address.getHostname0, 25);
verifier.connect();
}
public AddressVerifier(String username, String hostname,

i n t port) {
super(hostname, p o r t ) ;
this.username = username;
/ NetworkClient
*
* handleConnection.
* , .
// readLine ,
/ / .
/ / , ,
/ / .
/ / .
/ / , 1000
/ / ,
/ / EXPN.
730
17.
protected void handleConnection(Socket client) {

try {
PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(client);
InputStream in = client.getInputStream();
byte[] response = new byte[1000];
// .
in.read(response);
out.println("EXPN " + username);
// EXPN.
int numBytes = in.read(response);
// 0 , ASCII.
System.out.write(response, 0, numBytes);
out.println("QUIT");
client.close();
System.out.println("Couldn't make connection: " + ioe);
/** , . ^
public static void usage() {
System.out.println ("You must supply an email address
"of the form *username@hostname'.") ;
System.exit(-1);
}
17.7. MailAddress. Java

import j a v a . u t i l . * ;
/** "@"
* ,
* .
*/
public class MailAddress {
private String username, hostname;
public MailAddress(String emailAddress) {
StringTokenizer tokenizer
= new StringTokenizer(emailAddress, " @ " ) ;
this.username = getArg(tokenizer);
this.hostname = getArg(tokenizer);
}
private static String getArg(StringTokenizer tok) {
try { return(tok.nextToken0); }
catch (NoSuchElementException nsee) {
System.out.println("Illegal email address");
System.exit(-1);
return(null) ;
}
17.4. -...
731
public String getUsername() {

return(username);
}
public String getHostname() {
return(hostname);
-.
> Java AddressVerifier tbl@w3.org
250 <timbl@hq.lcs.mit.edu>
> Java AddressVerifier tiinbl@hq.lcs.mit.edu
250 Tim Berners-Lee <timbl>
> Java AddressVerifier gosling@mail.javasoft.com
550 gosling... User unknown
17.4. -,

URL
HTTP .
, (
, H T T P ) ,
GET,
" / 1 . ", .
. ,
17.3, r e a d L i n e ,
r e a d L i n e
n u l l .
,
. , Java
URL U R L C o n n e c t i o n ,
HTTP-. ,
"" ;
HTTP ,
. telnet- HTTP, www. c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com,
17.8. 80.
17.8. HTML- telnet-
Unix> t e l n e t www.corewebprograimning.com 80
Trying 2 1 6 . 2 4 8 . 1 9 7 . 1 1 2 . . .
Connected t o www.corewebprograinming.com.
Es:?.pe character is ' ^ ] ' .
732
17.
GET / /1.0
/1.1 200
Date: Sat, 10 Feb 2001 18:04:17 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.3 (Unix) PHP/3.0.11 FrontPage/4.0.4.3
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html
<HTML>
</HTML>
C o n n e c t i o n c l o s e d by f o r e i g n
host.
GET. ,
HTTP-
. , , ,
.
, Web-, , ,
. ,
HEAD GET, . Java
HEAD, , ,
, .
,

17.9 ,
, URI ( URL, ).
. ,
GET, N e t w o r k C l i e n t ,
17.1., ,
.
1 7 . 9 . U r i R e t r i e v e r , J a v a
import
import
java.net.*;
java.io.*;
/ * * ,
* , .
V
p u b l i c c l a s s U r i R e t r i e v e r extends NetworkClient {
private String u r i ;
UriRetriever uriClient
17.4. -...
733
= new UriRetriever(args[0], Integer.parseint(args[1]) ,

args[2]);
uriClient.connect() ;
}
public UriRetriever(String host, int port, String uri) {
super(host, port);
this.uri = uri;
}
/** GET,
* .
V
//
//
//
//
readLine.
,
HTTP- ,
readLine null.
protected void handleConnection(Socket uriSocket)

PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(uriSocket);
BufferedReader in = SocketUtil.getReader(uriSocket);
out.printlnC'GET " + uri + " HTTP/1. 0\n") ;
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) ?= null) {
System.out.printin("> " + line);
}
}
,
URL
, ,
, URI. 17.10 ,
URL S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r ,
URL U r i R e t r i e v e r .
1 7 . 1 0 . U r i R e t r i e v e r . J a v a
import
/**
*
*
*
java.util.*;
,
, .
UriRetriever,
.
V
public class UriRetriever {
checkUsage(args);
StringTokenizer tok = new StringTokenizer(args[0]);
734
17.
string protocol = tok.nextToken(":");

checkProtocol(protocol);
String host = tok.nextToken(":/");
String uri;
int port = 80;
try {
uri = tok.nextToken("");
if (uri.charAt(0) == ':')
{
tok = new StringTokenizer(uri);
port = Integer.parseint(tok.nextToken(":/"));
uri = tok.nextToken("");
}
} catch(NoSuchElementException nsee) {
uri = "/";
}
UriRetriever uriClient = new UriRetriever(host, port, uri);
uriClient.connect();
}
/** , URL . */
private static void checkUsage(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Usage: UriRetriever <URL>");
System.exit(-1) ;
}
}
/** , HTTP. */
private static void checkProtocol(String protocol) {
if (!protocol.equals("http")) {
System.out.println("Don't understand protocol " + protocol);
System.exit(-1);
}
UriRetriever
:
Prompt> Java UriRetriever
http://www.microsoft.com/netscape-beats~ie.html
> HTTP/1.1 404 Object Not Found
> Server: Microsoft-IIS/5.0
> Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 18:22:11 GMT
> Content-Length: 3243
> Content-Type: text/html
>
> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
> <html dir=ltr>Explicit port number:
17.5, URL
735
:
Prompt> Java UrlRetriever
http://home.netscape.com:80/ie-beats-netscape.html
> HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
> Server: Netscape-Enterprise/3.6
> Date: Fri, 04 Feb 2000 21:52:29 GMT
> Content-type: text/html
> Connection: close
>
> <TITLE>Not Found</TITLE><Hl>Not Found</Hl> The r e q u e s t e d o b j e c t
d o e s n o t e x i s t on t h i s s e r v e r . The l i n k you f o l l o w e d i s e i t h e r o u t
d a t e d , i n a c c u r a t e , o r t h e s e r v e r h a s b e e n i n s t r u c t e d n o t t o l e t you
have i t .
, . " "
. , , ,
.
URL.
, HTTP-
. , 14
, J E d i t o r HTML .
1 7 . 5 . URL
URL , Web-.
, URL,
(, h t t p ) , (, j a v a . s u n . c o m ) ,
(, 80) (, / r e p o r t s / e a r n i n g s . h t m l ) .
URL .
URL
-,
HTTP- ,
, , Java
J a v a . n e t . URL.
9.5: URL t A p p l e t C o n t e x t () . showDocument. , URL
.
URL 17.1L
1 7 . 1 1 . U r l R e t r i e v e r 2 . J a v a
import
import
java.net.*;
java.io.*;
/** URL.
736
17.
public class UrlRetriever2 {

checkUsage(args) ;
try {
URL url = new URL(args[0]);
new Input St reamReader (url .openStreamO ) ) ;
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) ?= null) {
System.out.printin("> " + line);
}
in.close();
} catch(MalformedURLException mue) { // URL
System.out.println(args[0] + "is an invalid URL: " +
} catch(lOException ice) { //
}
}
private static void checkUsage(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Usage: UrlRetriever2 <URL>");
System.exit(-1);
}
}
UrlRetriever2.
Prompt> Java UrlRetriever2 http://www.whitehouse.gov/
> <HTML>
> <HEAD>
> <TITLE>Welcome To The White House</TITLE>
> </HEAD>
> ... HTML- ...
> </HTML>
, , HTTP-
, U r l R e t r i e v e r .
Java- URLConnection.
URLConnection openConnection
URL. ,
, HTTP- (,
getContentType getLastModif ied).
j a v a . n e t . URLConnection API.
URL
, ,
URL
URL. , URL
.
17.5. URL
737
public URL(String absoluteSpec)

public U R L ( U R L base, String relativeSpec)
public URL(String p r o t o c o l , String h o s t . String file)
public URL(String p r o t o c o l . String h o s t , int port. String file)

URL. Malf ormedURLException.
public String getFileO
URL, (. 17.12).
public String getHostO
g e t H o s t URL, (. 17.12).
public int getPortO
, g e t P o r t .
-1 ( 80) (. 17.12).
public String getProtocol()
g e t P r o t o c o l URL,
(. 17.12).
public String getRef()
g e t R e f URL,
(. 17.12).
public final InputStream openStream()
o p e n s t earn ,
, .
l O E x c e p t i o n .
public U R L C o n n e c t i o n o p e n C o n n e c t i o n ( )
U R L C o n n e c t i o n ,
,
HTTP- ( POST). POST
19.
public String toExternalForm()
t o E x t e r n a l F o r m URL.
, t o S t r i n g .
17.12.
738
17.
1 7 . 1 2 . U r l T e s t . J a v a
import
java.net.*;
/ URL, ,
* .
public class UrlTest {
try {
URL url = new URL(args [0]);
System.out.println
URL: " + url.toExternalFormO + "\n" +
+ url.getFileO + "\n" +
File:
+ url.getHost0 + "\n" +
Host:
+ url.getPort0 + "\n" +
Port:
+ url.getProtocol0 + "\n"
Protocol:
+ url.getRef0);
Reference:
System.out.println("Bad URL.");
}
else
System.out.printlnC'Usage: UrlTest <URL>")
UrlTest.
> Java UrlTest http://www.irs.g0v/mission/#scjueeze-them-dry
URL: http://www.irs.gov/mission/#squeeze-them-dry
File:
/mission/
Host:
www.irs.gov
Port:
-1
Protocol: http
Reference: squeeze-them-dry
17.6. WebClient:
Web-
, URL

. W e b C l i e n t ,
HTTP-. ,
17.13, HTTP. Submit Request ;
.
J T e x t A r e a , .
,
.
17.6.WebCllent...
739
H t t p C l i e n t ,
17.14. Web-,

JTextArea. ,
H t t p C l i e n t
islnterrupted.
lOiacc L a b e l e d T e x t F i e l d , 17.15,
J T e x t F i e l d J L a b e l .
WebClient .
I n t e r r u p t i b l e , 17.16,
, i s l n t e r r u p t e d . I n t e r r u p t i b l e ,
H t t p C l i e n t WebClient ,
.
h t t p : / / w w w . c o r e w e b programming. com/ .
, w w w . c o r e s e r v l e t s .
com, . 17.1. GET;
. , HTTP HTTP- , 19.
17.13. WebCHent.java
import j a v a . a w t . * ; / / BorderLayout, GridLayout, Font, Color,

import j a v a . u t i l . * ;
/** - ,
* Web-
* .
V
public class WebClient extends JPanel
implements Runnable, Interruptible, ActionListener {
WindowUtilities.openlnJFrame(new WebClient(), 600, 700,
"Web Client",
SystemColor.control);
private LabeledTextField hostField, portField,
requestLineField;
private JTextArea requestHeadersArea, resultArea;
private String host, requestLine;
private int port;
private String[] requestHeaders = new String[30];
private JButton submitButton, interruptButton;
private boolean islnterrupted = false;
public WebClient0 {
setLayout(new BorderLayout(5, 30));
740
17.
int fontSize = 1 4 ;
Font labelFont =
new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, fontSize);
Font headingFont =
new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, fontSize+4);
Font textFont =
new Font("Monospaced", Font.BOLD, fontSize-2);
JPanel inputPanel = new JPanelO;
inputPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JPanel labelPanel = new JPanelO;
labelPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1));
hostField = new LabeledTextField("Host:", labelFont,
30, textFont);
portField = new LabeledTextField("Port:", labelFont,
"80", 5, textFont);
//
// HTTP 1.0. HTTP 1.1,
//
// Host.
requestLineField =
new LabeledTextField("Request Line:", labelFont,
"GET / HTTP/1.0", 50, textFont);
labelPanel.add(hostField);
labelPanel.add(portField);
labelPanel.add(requestLineField);
JLabel requestHeadersLabel =
new JLabel("Request Headers:");
requestHeadersLabel,setFont(labelFont);
labelPanel.add(requestHeadersLabel);
inputPanel.add(labelPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
requestHeadersArea = new JTextArea(5, 80);
requestHeadersArea.setFont(textFont);
JScrollPane headerScrollArea =
new JScrollPane(requestHeadersArea);
inputPanel.add(headerScrollArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
submitButton = new JButton("Submit Request");
submitButton.addActionListener(this);
submitButton.setFont(labelFont);
buttonPanel.add(submitButton);
inputPanel.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
JPanel resultPanel = new JPanelO;
resultPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel resultLabel =
new JLabel("Results", JLabel.CENTER);
resultLabel.setFont(headingFont);
resultPanel.add(resultLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
resultArea = new JTextArea();
resultArea.setFont(textFont);
JScrollPane resultScrollArea =
new JScrollPane(resultArea);
resultPanel.add(resultScrollArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JPanel interruptPanel = new JPanelO;
interruptButton = new JButton("Interrupt Download");
17.6.WebClJent...
interruptButton.addActionListener(this);
interruptButton.setFont(labelFont);
interruptPanel.add(interruptButton);
resultPanel.add(interruptPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(resultPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
if (event.getSource() == submitButton) {
Thread downloader = new Thread(this);
downloader.start() ;
} else if (event.getSource() == interruptButton) {
islnterrupted = true/
}
}
public void run() {
islnterrupted = false;
if (hasLegalArgs())
new HttpClient(host, port, requestLine,
requestHeaders, resultArea, this);
}
public boolean islnterrupted() {
return(islnterrupted);
}
private boolean hasLegalArgs() {
host = hostField.getTextFieldO.getText0;
if (host.length 0 == 0) {
report("Missing hostname");
return(false);
}
String portString =
portField.getTextField0 .getText();
if (portString.length 0 == 0) {
report("Missing port number");
return(false);
}
try {
port = Integer.parseint(portString);
report("Illegal port number: " + portString);
return(false);
}
requestLine =
requestLineField.getTextField().getText();
if (requestLine.length() == 0) {
report("Missing request line");
return(false);
}
getRequestHeaders();
return(true);
private void report(String s)
741
742
17.
resultArea.setText(s);
}
private void getRequestHeaders() {
for(int i=0; i<requestHeaders.length; i++) {
requestHeaders[i] = null;
}
int headerNum = 0;
String header =
requestHeadersArea.getText();
StringTokenizer tok =
new StringTokenizer(header, "\r\n");
while (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
requestHeaders[headerNum++] = tok.nextToken();
}
}
17.14.HttpClient.Java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
/ , WebClient. */
public class HttpClient extends NetworkClient {
private String requestLine;
private String[] requestHeaders;
private JTextArea outputArea;
private Interruptible app;
public HttpClient(String host, int port.
String requestLine, String[] requestHeaders,
JTextArea outputArea, Interruptible app) {
super(host, port);
this.requestLine = requestLine;
this.requestHeaders = requestHeaders;
this.outputArea = outputArea;
this.app = app;
if (checkHost(host)) {
connect() ;
}
}
protected void handleConnection(Socket uriSocket)
try {
PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(uriSocket);
BufferedReader in = SocketUtil.getReader(uriSocket);
outputArea.setText("") ;
out.println(requestLine);
for(int i=0; i<requestHeaders.length; i++) {
if (requestHeaders[i] == null) {
17.6.WebClient...
break;
} else {
out.println(requestHeaders[i] ) ;
}
}
out.println();
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null &&
!app.islnterrupted()) {
outputArea.append(line + " \ n " ) ;
}
if (app.islnterrupted() ) {
outputArea.append("
Download Interrupted
}
outputArea.setText("Error: " + e ) ;
}
}
private boolean checkHost(String host) {
try {
InetAddress.getByName(host);
return(true);
outputArea.setText("Bogus host: " + host);
return(false);
}
}
}
17.15.LabeledTextField.Java
import java.awt.*; // FlowLayout, Font,
/** Label. */
public class LabeledTextField extends JPanel {
private JLabel label;
private JTextField textField;
public LabeledTextField(String labelString,
Font labelFont,
int textFieldSize,
Font textFont) {
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
label = new JLabel(labelString, JLabel.RIGHT);
if (labelFont !- null) {
label.setFont(labelFont) ;
}
add(label);
textField = new JTextField(textFieldSize) ;
if (textFont != null) {
textField.setFont(textFont);
}
add(textField);
");
743
744
17.

String textFieldString) {
this(labelString, null, textFieldString,
textFieldString.length(), null);
}
int textFieldSize) {
this(labelString, null, textFieldSize, null);
}
Font labelFont,
String textFieldString,
int textFieldSize,
Font textFont) {
this(labelString, labelFont,
textFieldSize, textFont);
textField.setText(textFieldString);
/**
*
"^
*
*
*
*
Label LabeledTextField.
Label
:
<PRE>
LabeledTextField Itf = new LabeledTextField(...);
Itf.getLabel().someLabelMethod(...);
</PRE>
public JLabel getLabel() {

return(label);
}
/** TextField LabeledTextField.
V
public JTextField getTextField() {
return(textField) ;
17.16.Interruptible.Java
/k-k
*
*
*
1 , ,
. HttpClient
WebClient ,
.
V
public interface Interruptible {
public boolean islnterrupted();
}
17.7.
745
11
ISESSCBI
Hetst: jmnr. c o r e s e r v l e t s .
Port: (
ReqoBsiliikeiijJGET / HTTP/I
Ee^pest Heaiders:
]f^^
, ', ,
Jtf^
Results
HTTF/l.e 200 OK
Date: S a t , 25 Hov 2000 0 0 : 3 5 : 1 4 GKI
S e r v e r : ] l p a c h e / l . 3 . 3 (Unix) F H P / 3 . 0 . 1 1 F r o n t P a g e / 4 . 0 . 4 . 3
iContent-Type: t e x t / h t m l
l e : 15
Via: HTTP/1.0 c l u s t e r . I n h . m d ( T r a t f i c - S e r v e r / 4 . 0 . 0
[dteSlW])
kiDOCTCTE HTML PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l / / E H " >
|<HTHL>
<HE]a
<TITLE>Core S e r v l e t s and JavaServer Pages (JSP)</TITLE>
^
Interrupt Dowttload
. 17.1. www.coreservlets.com
17.7.
-- ,
. .
1. S e r v e r S o c k e t .
2. S o c k e t S e r v e r S o c k e t .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. S o c k e t .
. ,
, ,
l O E x c e p t i o n , t r y / c a t c h .
ServerSocket

. ,
, ;
.
746
17.
ServerSocket listenSocket =
new S e r v e r S o c k e t (portNuinber) ;
UNIX ,
1023, 1024-5000 ,
5000. ,
/ e t c / s e r v i c e s , ,
, .
, ,
Socket ServerSocket
,
, .
a c c e p t S e r v e r S o c k e t ,
S o c k e t .
while(someCondition) {
Socket server = listenSocket.accept();
doSomethingWith(server);
}
,
, a c c e p t , .
,
.

S o c k e t , ,
-, 17.1.
, ,
, .

, .
-,
Buf f e r e d R e a d e r .
BufferedReader in =
new B u f f e r e d R e a d e r
(new I n p u t S t r e a m R e a d e r ( s e r v e r . g e t l n p u t s t r e a m ( ) ) ) ;
Java O b j e c t l n p u t S t r e a m
Java-. O b j e c t l n p u t S t r e a m ,
, , , :
r e a d O b j e c t
. 13.
,
, .
17.7.
747

Outputs t earn.
p r i n t H p r i n t l n , P r i n t W r i t e r . .
P r i n t W r i t e r out =
new P r i n t W r i t e r ( s e r v e r . g e t O u t p u t S t r e a m ) ;
Java Java,
Obj ectOutputStream.

BufferedReader, D a t a l n p u t S t r e a m P r i n t W r i t e r
, -.
Buf f e r e d R e a d e r r e a d r e a d L i n e .
readByte
r e a d F u l l y D a t a l n p u t S t r e a m . P r i n t W r i t e r
p r i n t
println.
Socket
, Socket,
server.close();
,
.

, 17.17, .
l i s t e n ,
handleConnection, .
, ,
, h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n
. h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n ,
, , ,
, , ,
( "Generic Network Server")
( ).
17.17.NetworkServer.Java
/** .
* handleConnection.
748
*
*
*
17.
listen .
PrintWriter BufferedReader,
NetworkServer SocketUtil.
public class NetworkServer {

private int port, maxConnections;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
.

handleConnection.
(System.exit)
,
. maxConnections
,
.
public NetworkServer(int port, int maxConnections) {

setPort(port);
setMaxConnections(maxConnections);
}
/** .
* handleConnection.
V
public void listen {
int i=0;
try {
ServerSocket listener = new ServerSocket. (port) ;
Socket server;
while((i++ < maxConnections) i| (maxConnections = = 0 ) ) {
server = listener.accept();
handleConnection(server);
}
} catch (lOException ioe) (
System.out.println("lOException: " + ioe) ;
}
}
/
*
'^
*
*
*
*
*
,
, .
<>
.</>
<>
, ,

, .
protected void handleConnection(Socket server)

throws lOException{
BufferedReader in = SocketUtil.getReader(server);
PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(server);
17.7.
749
System.out.println
("Generic Network Server: got connection from " +
server .getlnetAddress 0 .getHostName 0 + "\n" +
"with first line '" + in.readLine() + " ' " ) ;
out.println("Generic Network Server");
server.close();
}
/**
*
*
*
,
. ,
,
.
public int getMaxConnections {

return(maxConnections) ;
/**
*
*
*
.
,
,
.
V
public void setMaxConnections(int maxConnections) {
this.maxConnections = maxConnections;
}
/** , no . */
public int getPortO {
return(port);
}
/k-k . <
* connect.</>
* .
V
protected void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
N e t w o r k S e r v e r T e s t N e t w o r k S e r v e r
. 17.18.
1 7 . 1 8 . N e t w o r k S e r v e r T e s t . J a v a
public c l a s s NetworkServerTest {
public s t a t i c void m a i n ( S t r i n g [ ] args)
i n t p o r t = 8088;
i f ( a r g s . l e n g t h > 0) {
port = Integer.parseint(args[0]);
}
750
17.
NetworkServer nwServer = new NetworkServer(port, 1 ) ;

nwServer.listen();
}
}
Web-
, , 17.18,
s y s t e m l . com 8080.
systeml> Java NetworkServerTest
Web- ( Netscape),
system2 . com, :
Generic Network Server:
got connection from system2.com
with first line 'GET /foo/ HTTP/1.0'
NetworkClient NetworkServer
N e t w o r k C l i e n t NetworkServer,
- FTP-,
Web-.
. ,
. s y s t e m l . c o m
6001, system2 . com.
.
to, systeml:
systeml> Java NetworkServerTest 6001
tj, system2:
system2> Java NetworkClientTest systeml.com 6001
tg, systeml:
Generic Network Server:
got connection from system2.com
with f i r s t l i n e 'Generic Network C l i e n t '
tj, system2:
Generic Network Client:
Made connection to systeml.com and got 'Generic Network Server' in
response
17.8. HTTP-
751
17.8. HTTP-
17.19 NetworkServer,
HTTP-. :
,
. ,
HTML- . , ,
HTML-, ,
19 24 , . ,
HTTP- ,
JSP.
.
17.19.EchoSarver.Java
import j a v a . n e t . ^ ;
import J a v a . u t i l . S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r ;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
HTTP-, Web-,
, Web- (
). ,
, (
8088). , server.com.
Web-
h t t p : / / s e r v e r . c o m : 8 0 8 8 / w h a t e v e r .
Web-, , ,
.
CGI- ACTION
FORM h t t p : / / s e r v e r . c o m : 8 0 8 8 / w h a t e v e r .

GET POST.
V
p u b l i c c l a s s EchoServer extends NetworkServer {
p r o t e c t e d i n t maxRequestLines = 50;
p r o t e c t e d S t r i n g serverName = "EchoServer";
/**
* . 8088.
V
i n t p o r t = 8088;
i f ( a r g s . l e n g t h > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.parseint(args[0] ) ;
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {}
}
new EchoServer(port,
0);
p u b l i c E c h o S e r v e r ( i n t p o r t , i n t maxConnections) {
s u p e r ( p o r t , maxConnections);
752
17.
listen();
}
/
*
*
*
*
*
handleConnection NetworkServer
.
,
. ,
PRE
HTML- .
V
public void handleConnection(Socket server)
throws IOException{
System.out.println
(serverName + ": got connection from " +
server.getlnetAddress().getHostName());
BufferedReader in = SocketUtil.getReader(server);
PrintWriter out = SocketUtil.getWriter(server);
String[] inputLines = new String[maxRequestLines];
int i;
for (i=0; i<maxRequestLines; i++) {
inputLines[i] = in.readLine();
if (inputLines[i] == null) // .
break;
if (inputLines[i] .length () == 0) { // ,
if (usingPost(inputLines)) {
readPostData(inputLines, i, in);
i = i + 2;
}
break;
}
}
printHeader(out);
for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
out.println(inputLines[j]);
}
printTrailer(out);
server.close() ;
}
// HTTP- Web-.
// HTTP 1.0
/ / .
private void printHeader(PrintWriter out) {
out.println
("HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n" +
"Server: " + serverName + "\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC " +
"\"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n" +
"<HEAD>\n" +
" <TITLE>" + serverName + " Results</TITLE>\n" +
"</HEAD>\n" +
"\n" +
17.8. HTTP-
"<BODY BGC0L0R=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + serverName +
" Results</Hl>\n" +
"Here is the request line and request headers\n" +
"sent by your browser:\n" +
"<PRE>");
}
// Web-.
private void printTrailer(PrintWriter out) {
out.println
("</PRE>\n" +
"</BODY>\n" +
"</HTML>\n");
}
// Web- GET,
/ /
// . HTML-
// POST; ,
// HTTP-.
private boolean usingPost(String[] inputs) {
return(inputs[0] .toUpperCase () .startsWith("POST"));
}
private void readPostData(String[] inputs, int i,
BufferedReader in)
int contentLength = contentLength(inputs);
char[] postData = new char[contentLength];
in.read(postData, 0, contentLength);
inputs[++i] = new String(postData, 0, contentLength);
}
// Content-Length
// , .
private int contentLength(String[] inputs) {
String input;
for (int i=0; i<inputs.length; i++) {
if (inputs[i].length 0 == 0)
break;
input = inputs[i].toUpperCase0;
if (input.StartsWith("CONTENT-LENGTH"))
return(getLength(input));
}
return (0);
}
private int getLength(String length) {
StringTokenizer tok = new StringTokenizer(length);
tok.nextToken();
return(Integer.parseint(tok.nextToken()));
753
754
17.
. 17.2 E c h o S e r v e r ,
, Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98.
^^^Bookmi^
Jff',
fioto:jhrtp
//vww cofewebpfogrammmg com-8088/top/selling/iava/book/'
" ^ ^ ^ " W h a f Belated
EchoServer Results
Here is the request line and request headers sent by your browser:
GET /top/selling/java/book/
Connection: Keep-Alive
HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: K o z i l l a / 4 . 7 [en] (Win98; I)

Host: www. corewebprograratning.com: 8088
Accept: irnage/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg,
iinage/pjpeg,
iniage/png, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Accept-Language: en
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1,*,utf-8
gfpyr
jj^ .IWi*, .-iu^.
;DoajrJ(nt Oofs
.t^J 4
. 17.2. EchoServer ,
E c h o S e r v e r , ,
. ,
0.001 ,
0.01 0.01 . ,
0.02 , ,
50 .
, 1000 .
17.20 , E c h o S e r v e r
.
16.
h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n . ,
S o c k e t h a n d l e C o n n e c t i o n r u n .
, "". S o c k e t
C o n n e c t i o n , T h r e a d ,
.
1 7 . 2 0 . T h r e a d e d E c h o S a r v e r . J a v a
import
import
java.net.
java.io.^
/ * * E c h o S e r v e r .
*/
17.8. HTTP-
public class ThreadedEchoServer extends EchoServer

int port == 8088;
try {
port = Integer.parseint(args[0]) ;
}
ThreadedEchoServer echoServer =
new ThreadedEchoServer(port, 0 ) ;
echoServer.serverName = "Threaded EchoServer";
}
public ThreadedEchoServer(int port, int connections) {
super(port, connections);
}
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
handleConnection,
.
<1></1> handleConnection,
, .
Socket.
, run .
Socket ,

.
public void handleConnection(Socket server) {

Connection connectionThread = new Connection(this, server);
connectionThread.start();
}
public void run() {
Connection currentThread =
(Connection)Thread.currentThread();
try {
super.handleConnection(currentThread.getSocket());
}
}
}
/ Thread,
* Socket.
V
class Connection extends Thread {
private Socket serverSocket;
public Connection(Runnable serverObject,
Socket serverSocket) {
super(serverObject);
755
756
17.
this.serverSocket = serverSocket;
public Socket getSocketO {
return serverSocket;
}
}
, Echo S e r v e ,
.

Java RMI (Remote
Method Invocation ). CORBA
(Common Object Request Broker Architecture
), RMI CORBA,
Java. RMI (RPC).
,
. , ,
.
,
.
, ,
. ,
, Java- (,
),
, .
Java.
RMI , ,
"" , . , , RMI Java,
HTTP,
,
, , Java. -, Java RMI ,
. , , RMI
,
Java: , ,
.
, RMI-.
RMI.
1. RMI-,
.
2. , .
17-9. RMI: Remote Method Invocation
757
3.
. HTTP-
RMI-.
4. RMI-, .
RMI-
RMI
.
.

RMI .
1. .
, .
2. RMI-. ,
, ,
, . ,
,
. )^ " ", .
3. . , ,
, .
4. RMI-. 1 ,
, , URL.

,
, ,
.
1. .
.
2. .

(marshalling) . (
, , ,
.)
r m i c .
,
. ,
, .
,
, . , Java 2 -
758
17.
, . ,
Java 2, - v l . 2 r m i c .
3. RMI-peecTpa. ,
. RMI ,
, .
4. . , .
5. . .
RMI
RMI.
. , ,
.

1. .
J a v a . r m i . R e m o t e ;
J a v a . r m i . R e m o t e E x c e p t i o n .
17.21.
17.21.Rem.java
i m p o r t J a v a . r m i . ^;
/
*
*
*
RMI- .
RMI- ,
,
.
V
public interface Rem extends Remote {
public String getMessageO throws RemoteException;
}
2. RMI-.
,
N a m i n g . l o o k u p ,
. CORBA, RMI-
, . URL
rmi :///
rmi: //:/.
,
1099. :
R e m o t e E x c e p t i o n , N o t B o u n d E x c e p t i o n M a l f o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n .
t r y / c a t c h .
M a l f o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n j a v a . n e t . * .
, S e r i a l i z a b l e ,
j a v a . i o . *,
. RMI-
17.22.
759
17.22. RemClient. javS

import java.rmi.*; // Naming, RemoteException ..
import java.net.*; // MalformedURLException
import java.io.*; // Serializable
/** Rem .
* Rem ,
* .
public class RemClient {

try {
String host =
(args.length > 0) ? args[0] : "localhost";
//
/ / remObject:
Rem remObject =
(Rem)Naming.lookup("rmi://" + host + "/Rem");
// remObject:
System.out.println(remObject.getMessage());
} catch(RemoteException re) {
System.out.println("RemoteException: " + re);
} catch(NotBoundException nbe) {
System.out.println("NotBoundException: " + nbe);
} catch(MalformedURLException mfe) {
System.out.println("MalformedURLException: " + mfe) ;
}
}
3. .
UnicastRemoteObject
, .
RemoteException.
17.23.
17.23. Remlmpl. java
import Java.rmi.*;
import Java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
/** Rem, RMI-.
* ,
* URL.
V
public class Remlmpl extends UnicastRemoteObject
implements Rem {
public Remlmpl() throws RemoteException {}
public String getMessage() throws RemoteException {
760
17.
return(" i s remote message.");

}
RMI-.

URL. Naming, r e b i n d (
) N a m i n g . b i n d (
, A l r e a d y B o u n d E x c e p t i o n ) .
"" RMI CORBA.
"" , .
t r y / c a t c h , ,
R e m o t e E x c e p t i o n MalformedURLE x c e p t i o n . RMI- 17.24.
1 7 . 2 4 . Remlmpl. j a v a
import
import
java.rmi.*;
java.net.*;
/ * * Remlmpl ( Rem),
* URL Rem.
V
p u b l i c c l a s s RemServer {
try {
Remlmpl l o c a l O b j e c t = new R e m l m p l ( ) ;
Naming.rebind("rmi:///Rem", l o c a l O b j e c t ) ;
} c a t c h ( M a l f o r m e d U R L E x c e p t i o n mfe) {
System.out.println("MalformedURLException: " + mfe);

,
. RMI-,
(RemServer) ( R e m C l i e n t ) .
, , RMI, ,
, S e c u r i t y M a n a g e r . RMI
.

,
RMI-,
.
1 7 . 9 . R M I : R e m o t e M e t h o d Invocation
761
1. .
Rem.
Prompt> j a v a c R e m C l i e n t . J a v a
Remlmpl.
Prompt> j a v a c RemServer.Java
2. .
R e m I m p l _ S t u b . c l a s s
RemImpl_Skeleton.class.
Prompt> rmic Remlmpl
Prompt> rmic - v l . 2 Remlmpl
( J a v a 2)
Rem. c l a s s , R e m C l i e n t . c l a s s Remlmpl_
S t u b . c l a s s , a R e m . c l a s s , R e m l m p l . c l a s s , R e m S e r v e r . c l a s s
RemImpl_Skeleton.class.
Java 2 R e m I m p l _ S k e l e t o n . c l a s s .
Java 2 ,
RMI - v l . 2 . ,
RMI 1.2, Java 2.
r m i c , RMI
1.2, RMI 1.1, B J D K 1.1.

Java 2, ^^^^^
rmic -"^1.2.
^/
.
^^^^
3. RMI-peecTpa.
RMI- :
Prompt>
rmiregistry
UNIX "&",
. Windows
s t a r t r m i r e g i s t r y . ,
1099.
4. .
:
S e r v e > Java RemServer
RMI-, "&",
. Windows
s t a r t J a v a R e m S e r v e r .
762
17.
5. .
.
Proinpt> Java RemClient
Here i s a remote message.
,
17.25 , .
:
stop
fix)
f () Eva l u a t a b l e ( 17.26).
, i n t e g r a t e ,
:
stop
J f(x)dx
x=8tart +steps ize/2
yêvalObj .evaluate(x) -
stepSiize
x= start
x=stop
. 17.3. integrate
, .
stepSize,
17.25. I n t e g r a l . Java
/** .
* .
*/
public class Integral {
/** f() x = s t a r t x=stop,
* f e v a l u a t e
* Evaluatable.
public static double (double start, double stop,
double StepSize,
763
Evaluatable evalObj) {
double sum = 0.0, current = startswhile (current <= stop) {
sum += evalObj.evaluate(current);
current += stepSize;
}
return(sum);
}
/**
*
*
*
f(x)
start stop. f
evaluate Evaluatable
.
V
public static double integrate(double start, double stop,
int numSteps,
double StepSize = (stop - start) / (double)numSteps;
start = start + stepSize / 2.0;
return(stepSize * sum(start, stop, stepSize, evalObj));
17.26. Evaluatable. Java

/* = f()
* . ,
* .
V
public interface Evaluatable {
public double evaluate(double value);
, ,
,
,
.
.
RMI .
,
,
.
764
17.
1. Remotelntegral.
17.27 , , .
1 7 . 2 7 . R e m o t e l n t e g r a l . J a v a
import
java.rmi.*;
/- . */
public interface Remotelntegral extends Remote {
public double sum(double start, double stop, double stepSize,
Evaluatable evalObj)
throws RemoteException;
public double integrate(double start, double stop,
int numSteps, Evaluatable evalObj)
throws RemoteException;
2. Remotelntegral.
17.28 RMI-. R e m o t e l n t e g r a l
,
. , E v a l u a t a b l e ( S i n , Cos, Q u a d r a t i c )
E v a l u a t a b l e S e r i a l i z a b l e ,
, . S i n , Cos Q u a d r a t i c
17.29-17.31. t o S t r i n g
RMI-.
1 7 , 2 8 . R e m o t e l n t e g r a l C l i e n t . J a v a
import
import
import
java.rmi.*;
java.net.*;
java.io.*;
/ * *
* .
* ,
* .
V
public class RemotelntegralClient {
try {
String host = (args.length > 0) ? args[0] : "localhost";
Remotelntegral remotelntegral =
(Remotelntegral)Naming.lookup("rmi://" + host +
"/Remotelntegral");
for(int steps=10; steps<-10000; steps*=10) {
System.out.printIn
("Approximated with " + steps + " steps:" +

"\n Integral from 0 to pi of sin(x)=" +
remotelntegral.integrate(0.0, Math.PI,
steps, new Sin()) +
"\n Integral from pi/2 to pi of cos(x)=" +
remotelntegral.integrate(Math.PI/2.0, Math.PI,
steps, new Cos()) +
"\n Integral from 0 to 5 of x"^2=" +
remotelntegral.integrate(0.0, 5.0, steps,
new Quadratic())};
}
System.out.println
("'Correct* answer using Math library:" +
(-Math.cos(Math.PI) - -Math.cos(0.0)) +
(Math.sin(Math.PI) - Math.sin(Math.PI/2.0)) +
"\n Integral from 0 to 5 of x^2=" +
(Math.pow(5.0, 3.0) / 3.0));
System.out.println("RemoteException: " + re) ;
17.29.Sin.Java
import Java.io.Serializable;
/** sin(x),
Evaluatable.
class Sin implements Evaluatable, Serializable {

public double evaluate(double val) {
return(Math.sin(val));
return("Sin");
765
766
17.
17.30. Cos. Java

/** cos(x),
Evaluatable.
V
class Cos implements Evaluatable, Serializable {
return(Math.cos(val));
}
return("Cosine");
}
}
17.31. Quadratic. Java

/** x'^2,
Evaluatable.
V
class Quadratic implements Evaluatable, Serializable {
return(val * val);
}
return("Quadratic");
}
}
3. Remotelntegral.
17.32 Remotelntegral.
Integral.
17.32. Remotelntegrallmpl. Java
import j ava.rmi.*;
import Java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
/** Remotelntegral.
*/
public class Remotelntegrallmpl extends UnicastRemoteObject

implements Remotelntegral {
/** RemoteException. */
767
public Remotelntegrallmpl() throws RemoteException {}

/** f(x) x=start x=stop,
* f evaluate
* Evaluatable.
V
public double sum(double start, double stop, double stepSize,
return(Integral.sum(start, stop, stepSize, evalObj));
}
/**
*
*
*
V
f(x),
.
f evaluate
Evaluatable.
public double integrate(double start, double stop, int numSteps,

return(Integral.integrate(start, stop, numSteps, evalObj));
}
4. Remotelntegral.
17.33 , Remotelnte
grallmpl U R L Remotelntegral.
17.33. RemotelntegralServer.Java
import java.rmi.*;
import java.net.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
Remotelntegrallmpl
'Remotelntegral',

. ,

.
V
public class RemotelntegralServer {
try {
Remotelntegrallmpl integral = new Remotelntegrallmpl();
Naming.rebind("rmi:///Remotelntegral", integral);
System.out.println("RemoteException: " + re) ;
}
}
768
1 7 .

RMI-,
( R e m o t e l n t e g r a l S e r v e r ) ( R e m o t e l n t e g r a l C l i e n t ) .
, , , ,
S e c u r i t y M a n a g e r . RMI
( ) .

, RMI-,
.
1. .
:
Prompt> j a v a c
Prompt> j a v a c
RemotelntegralClient.Java
RemotelntegralServer.Java
2. .
:
Prompt> rmic - v l . 2
Remotelntegrallmpl
R e m o t e l n t e g r a l . c l a s s , R e m o t e
l n t e g r a l C l i e n t . c l a s s R e m o t e I n t e g r a l I m p l _ S t u b . c l a s s .
R e m o t e l n t e g r a l . c l a s s , R e m o t e l n t e g r a l l m p l . c l a s s Remote
l n t e g r a l S e r v e r . c l a s s . , JDK 1.1, ,
Remote I n t e g
r a l I m p l _ S k e l e t o n , - v l . 1.
3. RMI-peecTpa.
RMI- :
Prompt>
rmiregistry
4. .
:
Prompt> Java R e m o t e l n t e g r a l S e r v e r
5. .
:
Prompt> Java RemotelntegralClient
Approximated with 10 steps:
Integral from 0 to pi of sin(x)=2.0082484079079745
Integral from pi/2 to pi of cos (x)=-1.0010288241427086
Integral from 0 to 5 of x"2=41.5625
Integral from pi/2 to pi of cos(x)=-1.000010280911902
769

Integral from 0 to 5 of x^2=41.666666562504055
'Correct* answer using Math library:
Integral from 0 to 5 of x'"2=41. 666666666666664
:
\sm{x)dx = 2
\ cos{x)dx = -1
/2
Jt/2
55

. R M I ,
, ,
.
1

, RMI-,
.
, RMI, .
, RMI- ,
. RMI-
; r m i r e g i s t r y
.
, ,
, .
, RMI
, .
R M I S e c u r i t y M a n a g e r ,
R e m o t e I n t e g r a l C l i e n t 2 ( 17.34).
System.setSecurityManager(new
RMISecurityManager());
770
1 7 .

rmireglstry

,
AccessExceptlon,
,

PMISecuri
tyManager.
17.34.RemoteIntegralClient2.Java
import java.rmi.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
Java 2
RemotelntegralClient. SecurityManager

.
V
public class RemoteIntegralClient2 {
try {
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
String host =
(args.length > 0) ? args[0] : "localhost";
Remotelntegral remotelntegral =
"/Remotelntegral") ;
for(int steps=10; steps<=10000; steps*=10) {
System.out.printIn
("Approximated with " + steps + " steps:" +
remotelntegral.integrate(0.0, Math.PI,
steps, new Sin()) +
remotelntegral.integrate(Math.PI/2.0, Math.PI,
steps, new Cos()) +
"\n Integral from 0 to 5 of x''2=" +
remotelntegral.integrate(0.0, 5.0, steps,
new Quadratic()));
}
System.out.println
("'Correct' answer using Math library:" +
(-Math.cos(Math.PI) - -Math.cos(0.0)) +
(Math.sin(Math.PI) - Math.sin(Math.PI/2.0)) +
"\n Integral from 0 to 5 of x^2=" +
(Math.pow(5.0, 3.0) / 3 . 0 ) ) ;
771
catch(NotBoundException nbe) {
catch(MalformedURLException mfe) {
System.out.println("MalformedURLException: " + mfe)
}
, Java 2
. ,
. 17.35
,
r m i r e g i s t r y , rmihost, HTTP webhost.
r m i r e g i s t r y 1099.
r m i r e g i s t r y ,
. ,
. ,
, RMI-
1024-65535. , , r m i h o s t ,
. HTTP-,
.
17.35. 1 ( r m i c l i e n t .policy)
grant {
// rmihost - RMI-
// webhost - HTTP-
permission Java.net.SocketPermission
"rîihost: 1024-65535", "connect";
permission java.net.SocketPermission
"webhost:8 0", "connect";
.
Java - D j a v a . s e c u r i t y . p o l i c y = r m i c l i e n t . p o l i c y
RemoteIntegralClient2
, , J a v a . p o l i c y ,
Java,
. JDK 1.3 J a v a . p o l i c y / r o o t / j d k l . 3 /
lib/security/.

HTTP-, .
, HTTP-
; j a v a . r m i . s e r v e r . c o d e b a s e .
Java
-Djava.rmi.server.codebase=http://webhost:port/directory/
RemotelntegralServer
772
17.
j a v a . r m i . s e r v e r . c o d e b a s e ,
, , HTTP-
h t t p : / / w e b h o s t : p o r t / d i r e c t o r y / . HTTP- ,
80, .

1. .
:
Prompt> j a v a c
Prompt> j a v a c
RemoteIntegralClient2.Java
RemotelntegralServer.Java
2. 1 .
:
Prompt> rmic - v l . 2
Remotelntegrallmpl
3. .
. 17.1 .
R e m o t e I n t e g r a l C l i e n t 2 , R e m o t e l n t e g r a l ,
S i n , Cos Q u a d r a t i c .
E v a l u a t a b l e , , E v a l u a t a b l e
-. ,
r m i p o l i c y . c l i e n t .
,
, R e m o t e l n t e g r a l S e r v e r ,
Remotelntegrallmpl,
R e m o t e l n t e g r a l ( ) E v a l u a t a b l e (
HTTP-). I n t e g r a l ,
I n t e g e r , sum I n t e g e r . e v a l u a t e
R e m o t e l n t e g r a l l m p l .
Remote I n t e g r a l Imp 1_S t u b . ,
S i n , Cos Q u a d r a t i c . e v a u l a t e ,
E v a l u a t a b l e ;
I n t e g r a l . -.
HTTP- Remote I n t e g r a l Imp I S t u b , -.
, HTTP- I n t e g r a l I m p l
R e m o t e l n t e g r a l E v a l u a t a b l e .
, r m i r e g i s t r y ,
.
1 7 . 9 . R M I : R e m o t e M e t h o d Invocation
773
1 7 . 1 .
HTTP-
RemoteIntegralClient2
RemoteIntegralServe
RemoteIntegral
RemoteIntegrallmpl
RemoteIntegral
Evaluatable
RemoteIntegralImp1_Stub
Evaluatable
Sin
RemoteIntegral
Cos
Integral
Quadratic
Evaluatable
RemoteIntegral
Impl_Stub
Sin
Cos
Quadratic
4. HTTP-.
Ha - Remote I n t e g r a l S t u b . c l a s s , R e m o t e I n t e g e r a l . c l a s s E v a l u a t a b l e . c l a s s ,
.
5. RMI-peecxpa.
RMI- :
Server>
/somedirectory/rmiregistry
r m i r e g i s t r y ,
, , ,
CLASS PATH.
!
RMI'peecTp

CLASSPATH, ,
,
. rmireglstry

CLASSPATH, , ,
.
6. .
:
Server> J a v a
-Djava.rmi.server.codebase=http://webhost/rmi/
RemoteIntegralServer
, -
w e b h o s t r m i . ,
, r m i r e g l s t r y , . -
774
1 7 .
,
RMI-.

RMI'peecTp ,

AccessException.
7. .
, ,
( rmihost ,
rmiregistry ):
Client> Java -DJava.security.policy=rmiclient.policy
RemGteIntegralClient2 rmihost
Integral from 0 to 5 of x^2=41.5625
Integral from 0 to 5 of x^2-41.666656249998724
'Correct' answer using Math library:
RMI-annera
, RMI-,
,
, , RMI-
RMISecurityManager. ,
. , ,
, RMI-, ,
, HTTP-, ,
.
. HTTP-, ,
, . JAR-
ARCHIVE APPLET.
JAR- 7.10.
775
17.36 ,
RMI. RMI-
, , RMI U R L
getCodeBase () .getHost ().
Netscape 6 . 17.4.
17.36. RemotelntegralApplet. Java
import
import
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.*;
java.rmi.*;
java.net.*;
java.io.*;
javax.swing.*;
RemotelntegralClient,
.
.

,
RMISecurityManager .
V
public class RemotelntegralApplet extends JApplet
private Evaluatable[] shapes;
private Remotelntegral remotelntegral;
private JLabel result;
private JTextField startlnput, stoplnput, steplnput;
private JComboBox combo;
public void initO {
String host = getCodeBase().getHost();
try {
remotelntegral =
"/Remotelntegral");
reportError("RemoteException: " + re);
reportError ("NotBoundException: " -i- nbe);
reportError("MalformedURLException: " + mfe);
}
Container context = getContentPane();
// .
shapes = new Evaluatable[]{ new Sin(),
new Cos(),
new Quadratic!) };
combo = new JComboBox(shapes);
context.add(combo, BorderLayout.NORTH);
// ,
startlnput = new JTextField();
stoplnput = new JTextField0;
776
17.
steplnput = new JTextField();

result = new JLabelO;
JPanel labelPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4,1)
labelPanel.add(new JLabel("Start:"));
labelPanel.add(new JLabel("Stop:"));
labelPanel.add(new JLabel("Steps:"));
labelPanel.add(new JLabel("Result: " ) ) ;
context.add(labelPanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4,1) ;
inputPanel.add(startlnput);
inputPanel.add(stoplnput);
inputPanel.add(steplnput);
inputPanel.add(result);
context.add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// .
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
JButton submit = new JButton("Submit");
submit.addActionListener(this);
buttonPanel.add(submit);
context.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) (
try {
int steps = Integer.parseint(steplnput.getText0);
double start = Double.parseDouble(startlnput.getText());
double stop = Double.parseDouble(stoplnput.getText0);
showStatus("Calculating . . . " ) ;
Evaluatable shape = (Evaluatable)combo.getSelectedItem()
double area = remotelntegral.integrate(start, stop,
steps, shape);
result.setText(Double.toString(area));
showStatus("");
reportError("Bad input: " + nfe);
reportError("RemoteException: " + re);
}
}
private void reportError(String message) {
System.out.println(message);
showStatus(message);
}
:^ .:^
^ 1
J Ffle Edit Vievv
Search
Go i
Quadratic
i t ^ i,
0 0
i^bî
5 0
iU'-u
1000
b > , ^ < ' 11 f ^?'<<^
^.,.,>,..
Suhmtt
r r r : : i . '::|
. 17.4. ,
RMI,
Netscape 6
777
Netscape ( 6) Internet Explorer

Java Plug-In (. 9.9) Java 2 RMI 1.2.
, Internet Explorer
RMI 1.1. RMI
f t p : / / f t p / m i c r o s o f t . c o m / d e v e l o p r / m s d n / u n s u p - e d / . RMI 1.1
Netscape 4.06 .
17.10.
, Java,
, ,
. :
, ,
.
, .
, .
S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r .
RMI.
,
. HTML-,
,
CGI-.
.
Java-, Web-
)' Web- HTTP-
, .
JavaSei-\'er Pages (JSP),
HTML- .
, HTTP-,
. , JDBC API,
SQL- . , , Java
API, XML-.
-Jzj^-j^
...
18. -
19. Java :
21.
22. JDBC
23. -
HTML-
...
, .
FORM.
, .
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
Sly\ZJ^^
Java- Java-,
. Java
, "
)", Web-.
, , Java- JavaSenêr
Pages. , , ,
.
1 8 . 1 .
HTML-
HTML-
.
. HTML-, HTML .
URL , ,
. (
),
, , :
1=152=25.
. . &=

. ( HTML- GET),
URL . URL
. POST.
)' POST,
, )' .
18.1 HTML- ,
. . 18.1. HTML-
782
18. HTML-
, ,
. Web-. , , f i r s t N a m e ,
l a s t N a m e . -, ! ,

, Web-
, . , ,
, URL h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a m ,
, .
1 8 . 1 . GetForm.html
<IDOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A Sample Form U s i n g GET</TITLE>
</HEAD>
Transitional//EN">
<BODY BGC0L0R="#FDF5E6">
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">A Sample Form U s i n g GET</H2>
<FORM A C T I O N = " h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a m " >
<CENTER>
F i r s t name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="firstName" VALUE="Joe"XBR>
L a s t name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="lastName" VALUE="Hacker"XP>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"> < ? >
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
, ,
, (
) E c h o S e r v e r , 17.8.
"-"
. , URL, E c h o S e r v e r
, Web-.
. 18.2, J o e ,
H a c k e r Submit Query, URL
h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a m ? f i r s t N a m e = J o e & l a s t N a m e = H a c k e r .
18.2 ,
GET POST; . 18.3.
. 18.4, J o e H a c k e r - f i r s t N a m e =
J o e & l a s t N a m e = H a c k e r ,
, 1-.
18.1.
HTML-
k 4' ^- ^ ^^ -^-
'
'^^''*1<$
783
1 |hp//localhosl/'GetFofm html
Sample Form Using GET

1
First name: p o e
Last name: JHacker
SiAmtt Query
' ^ ==^
boctiment Done
^^^
^<^ -^
,^
.-^ , : J
P*fc- 78. 7. GetForm.html
. HTML-
, .
,
.
19.6.

, ) .
Fie ( *
V'tew feo CowifMiicôr
Si
"3
4 ~i __^<
<>loc*on-|hHp
^. i l //
-J> ^
^
8088/'Somerruyci
,, | i " Bookmafks
EchoSei4'er Results
GET /SoineProgram)?f irstName-JoeflastNeune-Hacker
Relerer: http://localhost/GetFor.html
User-Xgent: H o z i H a / 4 . 7 [en] (Uin98; U)
HTTP/1,0
Host: localhost:8088
Accept: iniage/gif, image/x-xbitrtap, image/jpeg, iroage/pjpeg, iroage/png, */
Accept-Language: en
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1,*,utf-B
',^;.-
^^ :: -2^
. 18.2. HTML-, GetForm.html,

Netscape 4.7
784
18. HTML-
18.2. PostForm.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A Sample Form Using POST</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">A Sample Form Using P0ST</H2>
<FORM ACTION="http://localhost:8088/SomeProgram"
METHOD="POST">
<CENTER>
First name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="firstName" VALUE="Joe"><BR>
Last name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="lastName" VALUE="Hacker"><P>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT">
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
UsmaPOST -Netscdoe
g o j;jc4Tmu'm-^^fof tieto
ll :P ^^ i
f
BiXik-i>afks
IS:
-I- '' J
LcscalJon:jhftp/'/locaihos:t,''PostFofmhtni
A Sample Form Using POST

First r
;; j j o e
Last name: |Hacker
Subtnit Query
* Done
. 18.3. PostForm.html
^;^
18.2. FORM
MfirVffiliffflMiEBaMHHHHHHHHHIIIillllllllliiilillllllillli
file
<* îe/v g o
ommurac^tor
I il [
/ ; 1-?'.^* -Si ..1 rf 3 i l

f'^ Botf^.Ti*!';
785
__
,^ loc<j{iCsr) jUtpV/localhosf SOSS/SooieProgtam
jrj
EchoSei^ er Results
POST /SotneProgram HTTP/1.0
R e f e r e r : h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t / P o s t F o r n > . html
User-JLgent: H o z i l l a / 4 . 7 [en] (Win98; U)
Accept: Itaagei/gii,
image/x-xbitmap, image/Jpeg, iroage/pjpeg, image/png, */*
Accept-Language: en
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1,*,ut-8
Content-type: application/x-www-form-uriencoded
Content-length: 29
firstName-Joes lastName-Hacker
^^^
. 18.4. HTML-, PostForm.html,
Netscape 4.7
18.2. FORM
HTML- ,
. URL ).
,
HTML-
.
.
("="), - 1 "&".
, URL .
URL ( URL "?"),
HTTP-, .
,
METHOD FORM; GET POST.
FORM; !
URL .
1 , .
: <FORM ACTION="URL" ...> ... </FORM>

: ACTION (), METHOD, ENCTYPE, TARGET, ONSUBMIT, ONRESET,
ACCEPT, ACCEPT-CHARSET
FORM . URL,
, , .
FORM :
<FORM A C T I O N = " h t t p : / / s o m e . i s p . c o m / s e r v l e t / S o m e S e r v l e t " >

HTML
</FORM>
786
18. HTML-
) FORM: ACTION, METHOD,

ENCTYPE, TARGET, ONSUBMIT, ONRESET, ACCEPT ACCEPT-CHARSET. ,
STYLE, CLASS LANG ; ,
FORM.
ACTION
ACTION URL CGI-,
, (, h t t p : / / c g i . w h i t e h o u s e .
g o v / b i n / s c h e d u l e - f u n d - r a i s e r ) , ,
(, m a i l t o : a u d i t @ i r s . gov).
CGI. ,
(, ),
. URL, m a i l t o ,
POST (. METHOD).
METHOD
METHOD HTTP-.
GET ("?") URL,
. 18.1.
, HTML-, GET.
POST .
GET , . ,
, , GET,
, URL,
. , - ,
URL, ,
. POST .
, URL
. GET
, .
ENCTYPE
ENCTYPE ,
. a p p l i c a t i o n / x - w w w - f o r m u r l e n c o d e d , "-",
, ,
, "%''
, .
"&", -, .
, . 18.5 G e t F o r m . h t m l ( 18.1),
1 " M a r t y ( J a v a H a c k e r ? ) " .
. 18.6,
"Marty+%28Java+Hacker%3F%2 9". "+", 28
, 3F , 29
.
18.2. FORM
I ^ A Sample Fotm Using GET - Microsoft fnternel Expkuet
787
""
j j
1 ; Ajfdwss IÊ] hp /'/localhost/GetForm html
r^6o
'Links**
A Sample Form Using GET

1
First name: j M arty (Java H acke r?)
Last name; JHall
I Q Subnj5uefy^ J 1
1 ^ Local r^net
vj
. 18.5. GetForm.html
,
1 Expfotet
' file
<
Vbv
f^voftes
lods
- Ajjdtest 1 ^ http //localhost 8088/'SomePfogram'>fir$(Name'Marty4-^28Java-t-Hacker^3F^29t.lastName=Hall ^\
^Go
Lmks *
EchoSeiêr Results
Here is the request Hne and request headers sent by your browser:
GET /SowePrograuM?firstNaiDe-Harty+%28Java+Hac)cer\3F%29lastNae-Hall HTTP/1.1

Accept: iroage/gif, imacre/x-xbitmap, imaige/Jpeg, image/pjpeg, a p p l i c a t i o n / n e w o r c
Referer: hctp://localhosc/Getrorre.htinl
Accept-Language: e n - u s
Accept-Encoding; g z i p , d e f l a t e
User-Agent: n o z i l i a / 4 . 0 ( c o m p a t i b l e ; MSIE 5 . 0 ; Windows 98; DigExt)
Host: l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8
* ^ l o c ^ rtifdnet
. 18.6. HTTP-, Internet Explorer 5.0

, . 18.5
,
m u l t i p a r t / f o r m - d a t a ENCTYPE.
- .
POST.

. ,
( 18.7). , 18.3
, G e t F o r m . h t m l
( 18.1) ,
<FORM
ACTION="http://localhost:8088/SomeProgram">
788
18. HTML-
<FORM
ACTION="http://localhost:8088/SomeProgram"
ENCTyPE="multipart/form-data">
. 18.7 18.8.
1 8 . 3 . M u l t i p a r t F o r m . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using E N C T Y P E = " m u l t i p a r t / f o r m ~ d a t a " < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Using
ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data"</H2>
<FORM A C T I O N = " h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a m "

ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">
<CENTER>
F i r s t name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="firstName" VALUE="Joe"><BR>
L a s t name:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="lastName" VALUE="Hacker"><P>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT">
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
^ Using -^^"
ie d< View
fio
CowtwntcaJo
Netsc
Using ENCTYPE=^'miiltipiirt/form-data'^
First name: j Joe
Last name: JHacker
Submit Query
. 18.7. MultipartForm.html
18.2. FORM
789
n|X!
-fcchoSeivef Results - Nelsc^>e

te cSt View go )( tiefe
; -^ --^ :î ^ ^^ d' a :ii

EchoSei"\er Results
fl
POST /SomeProgram HTTP/1.0
Referer: h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t / H u l t i p a r t . r o r . h t m l
User-Agent: H o z i l l a / 4 . 7 [en] (in98; U)
Accept: iroage/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, iroage/png, /
Accept-Encoding: gsip
Accept-Language: en
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1,*,utf-e
Content-type: multipart/form-data; boundary*
30247933410805
Content-Length: 253
30247933410805
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="firstName"
Joe
30247933410805
Content-Disposition: form-data; *"lastName"
Hacker
302 47933 410805
",>'
^::.::.:.::^
. 18.8. HTTP-, Netscape 4.7

MultipartForm.html
TARGET
TARGET , .
,
,
. , ,
.
ONSUBMIT ONRESET
JavaScnpt-,

. , ONSUBMIT,
f a l s e , .
JavaScript- ,
, .
ACCEPT ACCEPT-CHARSET
HTML 4.0.
MIME- (ACCEPT) (ACCEPT-CHARSET),
,
. MIME-, ACCEPT,
,
.
790
1 8 . H T M L -
18.3.
HTML , :
, .
(
18.4).

: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="..." ...> (
)
: NAME (), VALUE, SIZE, MAXLENGTH, DISABLED, REÔNLY,
ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR, ONKEYDOWN, ONKEYPRESS, ONKEYUP
,
. 18.1-18.3.
, ,
TEXTAREA. TYPE INPUT ,
TEXT, HTML-
. }^ ,
,
,
.

HTML-,

.
,
<Enter> , .
,
. , Netscape
<Enter>,
. .
Internet Explorer <Enter>
, ;
. Mosaic
, <Enter> )
Web-.
!
, <Enter>
.
.

%%
18.3.
791
,
. , HTML-, .
TABINDEX, , 18.11.
NAME
NAME .
= , ,
NAME, - .
VALUE
VALUE
. ,
.
,
: _8text f
ieldname^Sinpo4ue_daHHue.
SIZE
SIZE ,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
(, W). ,
,

Netscape. Internet Explorer ,
, INPUT
FONT CODE.
MAXLENGTH
MAXLENGTH
. ,
SIZE.
DISABLED, R E A D O N L Y
DISABLED ,
READONLY " ". ,
, ,
<>, .
, , ,
. , ,
" ", ,
,
. DISABLED READONLY
HTML 4.0, Netscape 4.x .
792
1 8 . H T M L -
O N C H A N G E , ONSELECT, O N F O C U S , O N B L U R , O N K E Y D O W N ,
ONKEYPRESS O N K E Y U P
,
JavaScript. , ,
,
,
, , .

: <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" NAME="..." ...> (
)
: NAME (), VALUE, SIZE, MAXLENGTH, DISABLED, READONLY,
ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR, ONKEYDOWN, ONKEYPRESS, ONKEYUP

,
, , ("*").
. 18.9.
, ,
.
. ^ GET URL
, POST.

,
POST.
NAME, VALUE, SIZE, MAXLENGTH, DISABLED, READONLY, O N C H A N G E ,

ONSELECT, O N F O C U S , O N B L U R , O N K E Y D O W N , ONKEYPRESS
ONKEYUP
,
.
EnterPassword: ******
. 18.9. ,
<INPUTTYPE="PASSWORD" ...>

:<TEXTAREANAME='..." ROWS=xxxCOLS=yyy>... </TEXTAREA>
: NAME (), ROWS (), COLS (), WRAP
(), DISABLED, READONLY, ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR,
ONKEYDOWN, ONKEYPI^SS, ONKEYUP
TEXTAREA , ,
. . 18.10.
18.3.
793
VALUE .
,
. , <TEXTAREA> </TEXTAREA>,
, : ,
HTML- . & l t ; ,
&; ,
. ENCTYPE (. 18.2),
. ,
"+", , ,
"%", XX ,
.
NAME
.
ROWS
ROWS ,
. ROWS,
.
COLS
COLS .
,
. COLS,
-. Netscape
(, WRAP
, ). Internet Explorer ,
, .
WRAP
WRAP, Netscape, ,
, ,
, COLS. OFF,
, . ,
, . HARD
"" ;
. , SOFT
,
, .
DISABLED )^ ,
READONLY . ,
, ,
<>, .
794
18. HTML-
, , ,
. , ,
" ", ,
, , ,
.
ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR, ONKEYDOWN,
ONKEYPRESS ONKEYUP
,
JavaScript. ,
, , .
ONCHANGE
. ,
ONSELECT, ,
. ONFOCUS ONBLUR
.
.
,
, 30 .
. 18.10.
<CENTER>
<>
Enter some HTML:<BR>
<TEXTAREA NAME="HTML" R0WS=5 COLS=30>
Delete this text and replace
with some HTML to validate.
</TEXTAREA>
<CENTER>
Enter some HTML:
Delete this text and replace
with some HTML to validate.
. 18.10.
18.4.
, , ..

, HTML-. ,
JavaScript, JavaScript-.
INPUT; TYPE
SUBMIT, RESET BUTTON. , HTML 4.0
BUTTON, Internet
Explorer. ,
, , ,
1 8 . 4 .
795
. BUTTON ,
Web-, ,
, .
, in
tranet, Internet Explorer.
!
Netscape BUTTON.
Submit
: <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" ...> (
)
: NAME, VALUE, DISABLED, ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR
S u b m i t
, URL ACTION
FORM.
, ,
S u b m i t .
, S u b m i t ,
-. . 18.11
S u b m i t , <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT">
Windows 98.
Submit Query
. 18.11. Submit ,
NAME VALUE
,
. }^ S u b m i t
, NAME ;
-
. ,
. .
VALUE,
.
S u b m i t . . 18.12.
, , ,
Item=256MB+SIMM&Add=Add+Item+to+Cart.
<CENTER>
Item:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Item" VALUE="256MB SIMM"><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" NAME="Add"
VALUE="Add Item to Cart">
<INPUT TyPE="SUBMIT" NAME="Delete"
VALUE="Delete Item from Cart">
</CENTER>
796
18. HTML-
Item: |25 SIMH

Add tlem to Cart
Delete \tero from Cart
. 18.12. Submit ,

DISABLED
DISABLED . )^
, . JavaScript-,
Web-, .
DISABLED HTML 4.0,
Netscape 4.x .
ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, O N F O C U S O N B L U R
,
JavaScript. , ONCLICK
ONDBLCLICK, . , )1
ONFOCUS, , ,
ONBLUR, . ,
, f a l s e , .
HTML- , )'
o n C l i c k , o n D b l C l i c k , o n F o c u s o n B l u r .
: <BUTTON TYPE='SUBMIT" ...>

HTML-
</BUTTON>
S u b m i t , )^^
Internet Explorer. ,
BUTTON, HTML-,
.
, ,
, .
BUTTON 18.4,
. 18.13.
1 8 . 4 . B u t t o n E l e m e n t . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The BUTTON Element</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">The BUTTON Element</H2>
Transitional//EN">
<FORM A C T I O N = " h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a i n " >

<CENTER>
<BUTTON TyPE="SUBMIT">Single-line Label</BUTTON>

18.4.
797
<BUTTON TYPE="SUBMIT">Multi-line<BR>label</BUTTON>
<P>
<BUTTON TYPE="SUBMIT">
<B>Label</B> w i t h < I > f o n t < / I > c h a n g e s .
</BUTTON>
<P>
<BUTTON TYPE="SUBMIT">
<IMG S R C = " i m a g e s / J a v a - L o g o . g i f " WIDTH=110 HEIGHT=101
ALIGN="LEFT" ALT="Java Cup Logo">
LabeKBIO^with image
</BUTTON>
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
BMK.rnlxfl
fcl^.llu^l^g;i^J|^^P^Jfw.'!';f^
' EHe m
Ytew Favorites iool*
B l
The BUTTON Element

1
[|
1
Smgte-line Label
MuttHme
label j
Leêi wifli /(b/wtharvges
1
'&
i ^
ifJMyCoft
. 18.13. Submit,
BUTTON
NAME, VALUE, DISABLED, ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, O N F O C U S

ONBLUR
,
TYPE="SUBMIT" . . . > .
<INPUT
Reset
: <INPUT TYPE="RESET" ...> (
)
: VALUE, NAME, DISABLED, ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR
R e s e t ,
VALUE . R e s e t
.
798
18. HTML-
VALUE
VALUE .
"Reset".
NAME
Reset , NAME,
, . , JavaScript-,
NAME JavaScript- .
DISABLED
.
. JavaScript-, Web-,
. DISABLED
ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, ONFOCUS ONBLUR
,
JavaScript. , ONCLICK
ONDBLCLICK, . ,
ONFOCUS, , , ,
ONBLUR, . HTML-
,
onClick, onDblClick, onFocus onBlur.
HTML Element: <BUTTON TYPE="RESET" ...>

HTML -
</BUTTON>
: VALUE, NAME, DISABLED, ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR
Reset InteiTiet Explorer. HTML, ,

, . , ,
, <INPUT TYPE="RESET" . . . >.
JavaScript
: <INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" ...> (
)
INPUT BUTTON ,
JavaScript. , Submit
Reset ONCLICK, ONDBLCLICK,
ONFOCUS ONBLUR. , ,
, . JavaScript-
18.5.
799
, ,
. ,
JavaScript- v a l i d a t e Form.
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Check Values"
onClick="validateForm{)">
: <BUTTON TYPE="BUTTON" ...>

HTML-
</BUTTON>
JavaScript- Internet Explorer.
HTML-, ,
, . ,
, , <INPUT ="BUTTON" . . . >.
18.5.
,
.
. ;
.

: <INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="..." ...>
( )
: NAME (), VALUE, CHECKED, DISABLED, READONLY, ONCLICK,
ONFOCUS, ONBLUR
, , INPUT
, , .
, . 18.14.
<>
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="noEmail" CHECKED>
Check here if you do <I>not</I> want to
get our email newsletter
F Check here if you do not want to get our newsletter
. 18.14. ,
INPUT
,
HTML-.
, ,
. , <>
.
800
1 8 . H T M L -

FOPM ,
.
,
-, .
NAME
,
. ,
JavaScript-,
NAME .
VALUE
' .
VALUE, on. ,
, .
n o E m a i l = o n ,
, .
CGI-, ,
, ;
.
CHECKED
CHECKED, Web-
. .
DISABLED, READONLY
)^^ DISABLED , READONLY
. DISABLED
READONLY HTML 4.0, Netscape 4.x
.
ONCLICK, O N F O C U S O N B L U R
JavaScript-,
, .

: <INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="..." VALUE="..." ...>
( )
: NAME (), VALUE
READONLY, ONCLICK, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR
(),
CHECKED,
DISABLED,
,
.
1 8 . 5 .
801
( NAME).
, .
. ,
, ,

. .
INPUT ,

DL. . 18.15.
, S u b m i t
c r e d i t C a r d = j a v a .
<DL>
<DT>Credit
<DD><INPUT
Visa
<DD><INPUT
Master
<DD><INPUT
Card:
TYPE="RADIO" NAME="creditCard" VALUE="visa">
TYPE="RADIO"
Card
TYPE="RADIO"
VALUE="java"
Java Smart Card
<DD><INPUT TYPE="RADIO"
American Express
<DD><INPUT TYPE="RADIO"
Discover
</DL>
Credit Card:
r Visa
r Master Card
a Java Smart Card
r American Express
r Discover
NAME="creditCard" VALUE="mastercard">
NAME="creditCard"
CHECKED>
NAME="creditCard" VALUE="amex">
NAME="creditCard" VALUE="discover">
. 18.15. HTML-
NAME
,
. ) . , ,
, , .
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="Foo" VALUE="Valuel">
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="FOO" VALUE="Value2">
!
NAME ,
, .
VALUE
VALUE NAME
. VALUE .
802
18. HTML-
,
HTML-.
CHECKED
, CHECKED, Web-
.
.
DISABLED , READONLY
" ". DISABLED READONLY
ONCLICK, O N F O C U S O N B L U R
JavaScript-,
, .
18.6.
SELECT ,
. ,
. SELECT
,
, , .
OPTION,
<SELECT> </SELECT>. SELECT .
<SELECT NAME="Name" . . . >
<OPTION VALUE="Valuel">TeKCT 1-
<OPTION VALUE="Value2">TeKCT 2-
<OPTION VALUE="ValueN">TeKCT N-ro
</SELECT>
HTML 4.0 OPTGROUP (
LABEL), OPTION ,
: <SELECT NAME="../' ...> ... </SELECT>

: NAME (), SIZE, MULTIPLE, DISABLED, ONCLICK, ONFOCUS,
ONBLUR, ONCHANGE
SELECT .
OPTION.
NAME
NAME , CGI-.
18.6.
803
SIZE
SIZE . ,
. SIZE, MULTIPLE, SELECT
.
MULTIPLE
MULTIPLE ,
. ,
.
DISABLED
DISABLED .
DISABLED HTML 4.0, Netscape 4.x
.
ONCLICK, O N F O C U S , O N B L U R O N C H A N G E
,
JavaScript. JavaScript-,
,
, .
: <OPTION ...> ( )
: SELECTED, VALUE, DISABLED
SELECT
, .
SELECTED
<OPTION> SELECTED, ,
Web-.
VALUE
VALUE ,
SELECT. .
<OPTION>.
DISABLED
.
HTML 4.0, Netscape 4.x
.
SELECT,
. <SELECT>
) SIZE MULTIPLE,
. . 18.16 18.17
Web- ,
804
18. HTML-
. ,
l a n g u a g e = j a v a .
, ,
VALUE.
Favorite language:
<SELECT NAME="language">
<OPTION VALUE="c">C
<OPTION VALUE="c++">C++
<OPTION VALUE-"Java" SELECTEOJava
<OPTION VALUE="lisp">Lisp
<OPTION VALUE="perl">Perl
<OPTION VALUE="smalltalk">Smalltalk
</SELECT>
. 18.16. SELECT

Favorite language: | Java

Favorite language: Java
^J
1
1
C++
99
Lisp
Perl
Smalltalk
. 18.17. SELECT
SELECT .
,
VALUE ( SELECT ).
, . 18.18,
l a n g u a g e = j a v a & l a n g u a g e = p e r l .
-
, g e t P a r a m e t e r V a l u e s
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t g e t P a r a m e t e r .
19.6.
L a n g u a g e s you know:<BR>
<SELECT NAME="language" MULTIPLE>
<OPTION VALUE="c">C
<OPTION VALUE="c++">C++
<OPTION VALUE="java" SELECTED>Java
<OPTION VALUE="lisp">Lisp
<OPTION VALUE="perl" SELECTED>Perl
<OPTION VALUE="smalltalk">Smalltalk
</SELECT>
Languages you know.
3
Lisp
Smalltalk J j
. 18.18. SELECT,
MULTIPLE
1 8 . 7 . ...
805
18.7. ,

: <INPUT TYPE="FILE" ...> (

)
: NAME (), VALUE (), SIZE, MAXLENGTH, ACCEPT,
DISABLED, READONLY, ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS, ONBLUR ()

Browse.
, ,
.
( , ^
ENCTYPE m u l t i - p a r t / f o r m - d a t a ) .
Web- ,
, ,
, .
,
<FOPM>
ENCTYPE= "mul tlpart/form-da
ta "-
NAME
NAME ,
.
VALUE
.
.
SIZE M A X L E N G T H
SIZE MAXLENGTH ,
. SIZE ,
MAXLENGTH .
ACCEPT
ACCEPT MIME-.
)^ )^ ,
.
806
18. HTML-
DISABLED, READONLY
)'
. DISABLED READONLY
ONCHANGE, ONSELECT, ONFOCUS ONBLUR
, JavaScript
, ,
, ,
, .

. . 18.20 ,
Browse.
<FORM ACTION="http://localhost:8088/SomeProgram"
ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">
Enter data file below:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="FILE" NAME="fileName">
</FORM>
Enter datafilebelow:
. 18.19.

Browse...
Lookr*:] _jWINDOVv/S
bmdlog.Ul
] Bubbles bmp
SiCALCEXE
^ cap_pi.ini
^ Carved Stone.bmp
^pcd32exe
Li
.'j^CDPLuYEREXE
5? C\^ne\ Screen Sav(
*VCHARMAPEXE
JC] Circles.bmp
^CLEANMGREXE
I File name:
jcdpiaver in,
I F3es 0} type
jAP "îlei r ' l
11
UP&n
. 18.20. ,
Browse
18.8.
HTML- MAP URL
. ,
, URL.
.
, URL , ,
. HTML-
.
, .

, . ,
18.8.
807
URL
. ,
URL ,

.
.
IMAGE

<INPUT TYPE="IMAGE" . . . >.
: <INPUT TYPE="IMAGE" ...> (

)
: NAME ( ) , SRC, ALIGN, DISABLED
,
(URL
)' ACTION) .
. =_ .=_.
.
NAME
NAME ,
.
SRC
SRC URL .
ALIGN
ALIGN (, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, LEFT,
RIGHT; BOTTOM) , ALIGN
IMG.
DISABLED
.
DISABLED HTML 4.x, Netscape
4.x .
18.5 ,
. ACTION URL
EchoServer, 17.8. . 18.21
}^, . 18.22
.
808
18. HTML-
1 8 . 5 . ImageMap.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The IMAGE Input Control</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">The IMAGE Input Control</Hl>
Which island is Java? Click and see if you are correct.
<FORM ACTION="http://localhost:8088/GeographyTester">
<INPUT TYPE="IMAGE" NAME="map" SRC="images/indonesia.gif">
</FORM>
Of course, image maps can be implemented <B>in</B>
Java as well. :-)
</BODY>
</HTML>
0t
1< ^mf
f;8vert
look
.^
b*tP
The IMAGE Input Côntrol

Which islarid is Java^ Click and see if you are correct
Of course, unage maps can be implemented Java as weD -)
-ll
gj'Oone
. 18.21. INPUT IMAGE NAME="map"
^MyCoRwtet
18.8.
809
!^1fri-frailffMiTÎ'IVIIIill>'ii'J4'.!''!l-MHHHHHHHHHHHHH^
EchoServ'er Results
Here IS the request line and request headers sent by your browser;
GET /GeographyTester?niap.x-305itiap.y-280 HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, appllcation/wswcrd, application/vnd.ms-excei,
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, d e f l a t e
User-Agent: H o z i l l a / 4 . 0 (compatible; HSIE 5.0; Windows 98; DigExt)
application/v
Host: localhost:80e8
^
g j Done
* ^ locd
. 18.22. (305, 280) .

map.x=305&map.y=280
ISMAP

ISMAP <IMG>. IMG
ISMAP CGI-npor .
,
URL.
.
18.6 , ISMAP
, h t t p : / /
l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / C h i p T e s t e r . - H T T P ,
17.8. . 18.23 ,
, IMG ISMAP.
, ,
X 271 184 ,
URL h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / C h i p T e s t e r ? 2 7 1 , 184 (. 18.24).
1 8 . 6 . I s M a p . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The ISMAP A t t r i b u t e < / T I T L E >
Transitional//EN">
810
18. HTML-
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<1 ALIGN="CENTER">The ISMAP Attribute</Hl>
<H2>Select a pin:</H2>
<A H R E F = " h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / C h i p T e s t e r " >
<IMG S R C = " i m a g e s / c h i p . g i f " WIDTH=495 HEIGHT=200 ALT="Chip"
BOiyDER=0 ISMAPX/A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Mi.!iHi'i!ii.fjiiM",MamMi
fie
,*
View go
4: ->' - A^W^^'t%'m'
The ISMAP Attribute
Select a pin:
^^'
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. 18.23.
IMG
ISMAP

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^^ -/ 3 fif ^.^ '^ ^;^ rf :}|
Si:
Echo Seiner Results

GET / C h i p T e s t e r ? 2 7 1 , 1 8 4 HTTP/1.0
Connect-ion: Keep-Alive
User-Agent: M o z i l l a / 4 . 7 [en] (in98; U)
Accept: iinage/gif, image/x-xbitinap, image/jpeg,
Accept-Language: en
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1,*,utf-8
image/pjpeg,
-^-*'--
- '
imat
JL!
-^ ^
. 18.24. ,
ISMAP,
URL

18.9.
811

URL .
,
URL .

, INPUT IMAGE.
, URL,
, URL
, IMG ISMAP.
18.9.
)[.
,
. .
-,
. ,
API, (. 19.12),
.
-,
, .
HTML-
. , , Internet-
, .
Web- ,
, .
-,
HTML-. , , ,
,
,
.
: <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN ' NAME="..." VALUE="...">

( )
: NAME (), VALUE
,
. - .

itemID=hall001.
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NA]y[E="itemID" VALUE="hall001">
, "" ,
.
, ,
HTML-. , HTML-,
.
812
1 8 . H T M L -
18.10.
, ,
HTML 4.0 FIELDSET
LEGEND. , Internet
Explorer. , FIELDSET
Netscape 6,
, intranet,
Internet Explorer.
!
Netscape 4.7

FIELDSET.
: <FIELDSET> ... </FIELDSET>

:
FIELDSET )^
; LEGEND. ,
FIELDSET, .
18.7, . 18.25.
18.7. F i e l d s e t . html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l / 7 E N " >
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Grouping C o n t r o l s i n I n t e r n e t E x p I o r e r < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Grouping C o n t r o l s i n I n t e r n e t
Explorer</H2>
<FORM A C T I O N - " h t t p : / / l o c a l h o s t : 8 0 8 8 / S o m e P r o g r a m " >

<FIELDSET>
<LEGEND>Group
One</LEGEND>
F i e l d lA <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="fieldlA" VALUE="Field A"><BR>
F i e l d IB <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="fieldlB" VALUE="Field B"><BR>
F i e l d 1 <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="fieldlC" VALUE="Field C"><BR>
</FIELDSET>
<FIELDSET>
<LEGEND ALIGN="RIGHT">Group Two</LEGEND>
F i e l d 2A <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="field2A" VALUE="Field A"><BR>
F i e l d 2B <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="field2B" VALUE="Field B"><BR>
F i e l d 2C <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="field2C" VALUE="Field C"><BR>
</FIELDSET>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1 8 . 1 1 .
813
1^ ||||
^
- j
Grouping Controls in Internet Explorer

Group One
' ' ' ;
~- - -
Field lA. h e l d A
iField IB: JField
iFieldlCIFieldC
'' 01 Two ;
Field 2A: Held A
Field 2B: jField
Field 2C [Field
J
J:^ !
. 18.25. FIELDSET

: <LEGEND>... </LEGEND>
: ALIGN
FIELDSET.
, .
ALIGN
ALIGN .
( ), BOTTOM, LEFT RIGHT. . 18.25
.
, ALIGN="RIGHT".

.
.
1 8 . 1 1 .
HTML 4.0 TAB INDEX,
, .
,
<>.
Internet Explorer, ,
Internet. ,

Web-. TAB INDEX
18.8, . 18.26.
!
Netscape 4.7 TABINDEX.
814
18. HTML-
18.8. Tabindex.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Controlling TAB Order</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Controlling TAB Order</H2>
<FORM ACTION="http://localhost:8088/SomeProgram">
Field 1 (first tab selection):
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="fieldl" TABINDEX=1><BR>
Field 2 (third tab selection):
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="field2" TABINDEX=3><BR>
Field 3 (second tab selection):
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="fieldS" TABINDEX=2><BR>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Controlling TAB Order

Field 1 (first tab selection): j
Field 2 (third tab selection): "
Field 3 (second tab selection); j
\^Hf6ntij^^
"U
. 18.26. Internet Explorer

<Tab>
, ,
(

TABINDEX). Netscape
,

18.12.
HTML- FORM,
INPUT, . ACTION
<FORM> URL ,
. INPUT .
HTML-, HTML-,
. -
. URL ( GET),
( POST).
.
, , .

.
JAVA
:
...

.
, JSP.
.
.
.
,
HTTP 1.1.
,
CGI-.
, .
cookie .
.
J~y\ZJ^3J
CGI- (Common Gateway Interface

). Web-
. Wêb-
HTTP-
, .
.
1. , .
, Web, HTTP-.
2. , HTTP-.
,
cookie, , , ..
3. .
,
RMI CORBA, . .
4. .

HTML-.
5. HTTP-.

(, HTML), cookie, ,
, .
6. .
(HTML),
(GIF-) (gzip-).
818
19. Java :

; .
,
, Web-.
HTML- .
Web- ,
.
, ,
, .
Web- .

, Web- .
,
.
Web-
,
.
, ,
,
.
Web-
, HTTP-.
FTP ,
.
, HTTP-.
1 9 . 1 .
CGI-
CGI-
,
, ,
, .
CGI-
. , , , ,
,
, )^' .
Java "
" . CGI- N
) N . )^ -
1 9 . 1 . ...
819
N , .
CGI- .
, ,
, .
,
.

,
, HTML-,
cookie, ,
. , Java,
Perl? , Java-
, , C++
?

, ,
CGI-. , ,
Web-. CGI-
API . Web-
URL
, .
, .
,
.
Java APL
, , , iPlanet Enterprise Sei^ver,
Apache, Microsoft Internet In
formation Server (IIS), IBM WebSphere, StarNine WebStar .
Web- (

). Java 2 Platform, Enter
prise Edition (J2EE; . h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / j 2 e e / ) ,
.
, CGI, ,
. , CGI, -
820
19. Java :
,
(, ..)
, ,
CGI- ,
.
CGI- ,
, ,
( , ). , C++
100- . , 900
. ,
, .
,
.
.
. ,
, .
, ,
Java.

Web-,
Web-. Web-
, . , CGI- .
19.2.
,
, .
, , .
API, ,
Web- .
.
.
)' .

JSP

, Java Servlet 2.1 2.2 nJavaServer Pages 1.0 1.1.
Web- ,
, . -
19.2.
821
, ,
h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / s e r v l e t / i n d u s t r y . h t m l .
Web- , ,
,
.
,
. ,
, .
Apache Tomcat
Tomcat Java Sei-vlet 2.2
,
Apache.
,
Java 2. Apache Tomcat
h t t p : / / J a k a r t a . a p a c h e . o r g / t o m c a t / .
Allaire JRun
J R u n Java Sei-vlet 2.2 JSP 1.1,
Netscape Enterprise FastTrack, IIS, Micro
soft Personal Web Server, Apache, O'Reilly WebSite StarNine WebStar.
, .
Allaire J R u n h t t p : / / w w w .
a l l a i r e . com/products/j run/.
ServletExec
ServletExec Java SeiMet 2.2 JSP 1.1
Web-,
Solaris, Windows, MacOS, HP-UX Linux.
,

. h t t p : / / w w w .
servletexec.com/.
LiteWebServer
LiteWebSei~ver (LWS)
Web-, Gefion Software Tomcat.
Java Sei~vlet 2.2 JSP 1.1. Gefion Software
WAICooIRunner, Servlet
2.2 JSP 1.1 Netscape FastTrack Enterprise.
h t t p : //www. g e f i o n s o f t w a r e . com/.
Caucho Resin
Resin JSP,
Java SeiMet 2.2 JSP 1.1.
. Caucho Resin
.
h t t p : //www. c a u c h o . c o m / p r o d u c t s / r e s i n / .
822
19. Java :
JavaServer Web Development Kit

JavaServer Web Development Kit QSWDK)
Java Servlet 2.2 JSP 1.1.
JSP.
h t t p : / / J a v a . s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / s e r v l e t / d o w n l o a d . h t m l .
,
JSP
, Java, n a J D K 1.1 1.3 API. ,
, ,
j a v a x . s e r v l e t . o)^vêa API .
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/download.htinl

2.1/1.0 API 2 . 2 / 1 . 1 API.
, .
http://java.sun.eom/products/servlet/2.2/javadoc/

Java Servlet 2.2 JSP 1.1.
http://www.java.sun.com/j2ee/j2sdkee/techdocs/api/
, 1!._;-::";1 /J. i Java 2
Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), Servlet 2.2 JSP 1.1.

,
Java , JSP.
. ,
l i b ,
; s e r v l e t . j a r , JSP
j s p . j a r , j s p e n g i n e . j a r j a s p e r , j a r . j a v a c
, CLASS PATH.
CLASS PATH ,
.
CLASSPATH, (".").
cJAR- 7.10.

,
Web-, , ,
. ,
CLASSPATH .
19.2.
823

,
, ,
HTML- ..
.
DOS
Tomcat JSWDK Windows 95
98, DOS,
. DOS, MS-DOS
Properties ().
Memory () Initial Environment (
) Auto 2816. .

CLASS PATH,
j a v a c
S e r v l e t N a m e . J a v a (
S e r v l e t N a m e ).
, . , ,
, .
.
Tomcat JSWDK. , i n s t a l l d i r
, .
Tomcar 3
instalLdir/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes
. ,
Servlet 2.2 JSP 1.1, ,
: . . . / W E B - I N F / c l a s s e s . , Allaire JRun
i n s t a l l _ d i r / s e r v e r s / d e f a u l t / d e f a u l t - a p p / W E B - I N F / c l a s s e s .
install_dir/lib
JAR-OB .
instalLdir/webapps/ROOT
HTML-, JSP.
Sei-vlet 2.2 JSP 1.1. ,
Allaire J R u n i n s t a l l d i / s e r v e r s /
default/default-app/.
JSWDK 1.0.1
install_dir/webpages/WEB-INF/servlets
.
824
19. Java :
install_dir/lib
JAR- ,
install_dir/webpages
HTML-, JSP.

,
h t t p : ////.

.
, URL
\\,,^\ ///s^TV^Q'L/_.
, URL
s e r v l e t ( " s " ), ,
s e r v l e t s , c l a s s e s l i b .
URL.
URL , .
, .
URL htt'p: ///servlet/_._.

Web- Web-
JSP ( , HTML- ..). URL,
, : htt'p:
///mb_K_Web/servlet/_._.
, Web URL ,
, Web-.
19.3.
19.1 ,
GET. , HTTP, , GET
HTTP-.
, URL
Web-. , GET
, <0]1> GET METHOD.
POST, ,
<FORM> METHOD="POST".
HTML- 18.
1 9 . 1 . S e r v l e t T e m p l a t e . J a v a
import
import
import
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.^;
javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ServletTemplate extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
19.3.
throws ServletException,
825
lOException {
/ / r e q u e s t
/ / , H T T P - , ,
/ / HTML-.
/ / r e s p o n s e "
/ / HTTP- .
P r i n t W r i t e r out = r e s p o n s e . g e t W r i t e r ( ) ;
/ / o u t .
, , H t t p S e r v l e t .
d o G e t d o P o s t . GET
d o G e t , POST d o P o s t .
,
, d o G e t d o P o s t ,
, , d o P o s t d o G e t .
, ^
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t ,
, , ,
, .. H t t p S e r v l e t
R e s p o n s e .
(200, 404 .) ( C o n t e n t - T y p e , S e t - C o o k i e , ..)
, H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e P r i n t W r i t e r ,
. p r i n t l n .
, , HTTP-, HTTP- cookie
.
d o G e t d o P o s t ,
. , ,
j a v a . i o ( P r i n t W r i t e r .), j a v a x . s e r v l e t
( H t t p S e r v l e t .) j a v a x . s e r v l e t . h t t p ( H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t
HttpServletResponse).
,
19.2 , .
. 19.1. ,
HTML-,
19.3. , HTML-,
,
.
-, ,
CLASS PATH HaJAR-,
826
19. Java :
j a v a x . s e r v l e t (. 19.2). -,
j a v a c HelloWorld. Java (
). -, HelloWorld. c l a s s
, (
i n s t a l l _ d i r / . . ./WEB-INF/classes).
Java , -D j a v a c . ,
h t t p : / / / s e r v l e t /
URL, .
, . 19.1,
, .
19.2.HelloWorld.Java
import j a v a x . s e r v l e t . * ;
import j a v a x . s e r v l e t . h t t p . * ;
p u b l i c c l a s s HelloWorld extends H t t p S e r v l e t {
p u b l i c void doGet(HttpServletRequest r e q u e s t ,
throws S e r v l e t E x c e p t i o n , lOException {
P r i n t W r i t e r out = r e s p o n s e . g e t W r i t e r ( ) ;
o u t . p r i n t l n C ' H e l l o World");
}
Fie ytew go
rri ^.. a> --di a a :ll

^
ljlxafoft-|httpMocalhost/se>vlet/HelloWofld^^^'^^
. 19.1. ,
19.2
Hello World
Ooain
\^
J..? : i | . ^
,,\
(HelloWorld.j ava)
HTML-KOM
HTML-.
.
1. ,
HTML
2. HTML- , p r i n t In.
HTTP-
Content-.
s e t H e a d e r H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , Content-Type
, H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e
s e t C o n t e n t T y p e . HTML 1- t e x t / h t m l ,
:
response.setContentType("text/html");
19.3.
827
HTML, . ,
,
GIF ( i m a g e / g i f ) Excel ( a p p l i c a t i o n / v n d . m s - e x c e l ) .
HTTP- 19.10. ,
,
, P r i n t W r i t e r . , HTTP-
, ,
, .
; ,
. -.
, ,
Web- ,
. 2.1
P r i n t W r i t e r ,
, . 2.2
,
. getBuf f e r S i z e
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , ,
setBuf f e r S i z e . 2.2
, ,
.
, ,
isCoiranitted.

Content-Type
.
%
HTML- , p r i n t In,
HTML-, I .
19.3 , cwp.
. 19.2. ,
, ,
CLASS PATH ,
( cwp).
package cwp;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWWW extends HttpServlet {
throws ServletException, lOException {
828
19. Java :
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " +
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
out.println(docType +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello WWW</TITLE></HEAD>\n" +
"<BODY>\n" +
"<Hl>Hello WWW</Hl>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
11 III ll'illll"illilllill'l|i|ll'l I I I I M l l |H|

^ -î J
UJJ ^^ ^^ J
ASês*[#] http/'/locaihost/servlet.^cwpHelloWWW
i*'^*^
Hello WWW
d
Done
|^tocdi*ne(
y:^:
. 19.2. ,
19.3 (HelloWWW. j ava)
HTML-
I, HTML- :
<!DOCTYPE ...>
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>...</TITLE>...</HEAD>
<BODY ...>...</BODY>
</HTML>
HTML-
, DOCTYPE.
HTML 3.2 4.0,
.
. DOCTYPE HTML- ,
.
,
. ,
-.
HTML- h t t p : / /
v a l i d a t o r . w 3 . o r g / h t t p : / / w w w . h t m l h e l p . c o m / t o o l s / v a l i d a t o r / .
URL Web-.
HTML-, , Web-.
}< URL, GET,
.
1 9 . 3 .
829

]/'
HTML', .
HTML- p r i n t I n
. ,
DOCTYPE.
HTML- .
,
. -, ,
HTML- , JSP,
. -,
HTML- HTML-
(, CLASS ID , JavaScript-,
..). ,
, HTML-, , ,
HTML-.
DOCTYPE HEAD,
)
. , DOCTYPE HEAD,
19.4, 19.5
HelloWWW, .
.
1 9 , 4 . S e i r v l e t U t i l i t i e s . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
/*^ HTML-.
* static.
V
public class ServletUtilities {
public static final String DOCTYPE =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " +
"Transitional//EN\">";
public static String headWithTitle(String title) {
return(DOCTYPE + "\n" +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>" + title + "</TITLE></HEAD>\n");
}
// ServletUtilities .
830
19. Java :
1 9 . 5 . SimplerHelloWWW. Java
p a c k a g e cwp;
import java.io.*;
/** , HTML-.
* HelloWWW ServletUtilities
* DOCTYPE, HEAD TITLE.
public class SimplerHelloWWW extends HttpServlet {

out.printIn(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle("Hello WWW") +
"<BODY>\n" +
"<Hl>Hello WWW</Hl>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
19.4.
,
.
, d o G e t d o P o s t .
, .
i n i t .
.
, s e r v i c e .

. .
S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l ,
. s e r v i c e d o G e t ,
d o P o s t , doXxx,
. -
, d e s t r o y .
init
i n i t .
. ,
.
19.4.
831
,
URL, . ,
, .
, ,
19.2.
i n i t :
p u b l i c void i n i t O throws S e r v l e t E x c e p t i o n {
/ / . . .
}
i n i t
, . ,
, ,
.. ,
g e t S e r v l e t C o n f i g S e r v l e t C o n f i g ,
g e t l n i t P a r a m e t e r . ,
, .
p u b l i c void i n i t O throws S e r v l e t E x c e p t i o n {
ServletConfig config = g e t S e r v l e t C o n f i g ( ) ;
S t r i n g paraml = c o n f i g . g e t l n i t P a r a m e t e r ( " S o m e P a r a m e t e r " ) ;
}
, g e t l n i t P a r a m e t e r ( ),
( ) S t r i n g .
19.5.

, . ,
, Tomcat , 2.2
, w e b . x m l .
JSWDK s e r v l e t s . p r o p e r t i e s , Java Web Server
.
service
, , ,
, s e r v i c e . s e r v i c e
HTTP- (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ..)
(, doGet, d o P o s t , doPut, d o D e l e t e ) .
POST GET, , ,
doGet do P o s t s e r v i c e .
. doGet
d o P o s t ( ). .
p u b l i c void doGet(HttpServletRequest r e q u e s t ,
throws S e r v l e t E x c e p t i o n , lOException {
/ / . . .
832
19. Java :
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,

doGet(request, response);
}

s e r v i c e ,
. -,
,
d o P u t , d o T r a c e .
s e r v i c e , . -,
s e r v i c e g e t L a s t M o d i f i e d ,
. s e r v i c e ,
. , , s e r v i c e ,
HEAD, OPTION TRACE.

GET POST, service.
doPost doGet doGet
doPost.
doGety doPost doXxx

.
GET POST,

d o G e t d o P o s t . d o P u t
PUT, d o O p t i o n s OPTIONS d o T r a c e
TRACE. ,
OPTIONS TRACE. , doHead .
HEAD
d o G e t ,
SingteThreadModel
,
.
. , d o G e t d o P o s t
.
,
, S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l .
public class YourServlet extends HttpServlet
implements SingleThreadModel {
}
19.5.
833
,
.
.
.
.

( s t a t i c ) , , .
,
, .
,
SingleThreadModel.
destroy

. ,
,
. , d e s t r o y .
, ,
cookie
. ,
d e s t r o y . , ,
, .
(, cookie) .
19.5.

19.6 ,
m e s s a g e r e p e a t s . . 19.3
, S h i b b o l e t h m e s s a g e ,
r e p e a t s 5. ShowMsg. 19.7
XML- , Tomcat
3, 19.8 JSWDK. ,
2.2, ,
Tomcat, ,
.

. .
,
,
^.
834
1 9 . Java :

, ,
, ,

.
1 9 . 6 . S h o w M e s s a g e . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
import java.io.*;
/** .
*
* .
V
public class ShowMessage extends HttpServlet {
private String message;
private String defaultMessage = "No message.";
private int repeats = 1;
public void initO throws ServletException {
ServletConfig config = getServletConfigO;
message = config.getlnitParameter("message");
if (message == null) {
message = defaultMessage;
}
try {
String repeatString = config.getlnitParameter("repeats");
repeats ~ Integer.parseint(repeatString);
// NumberFormatException
// , repeatString
// null, ,
// .
}
}
String title = "The ShowMessage Servlet";
out.printIn(ServletUtilities.headWithTitie(title) +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>");
for(int i=0; i<repeats; i++) {
out.println("<B>" + message + "</B><BR>");
}
19.5.
out.println("</BODY></HTML>");
T h e ShowpMessage S e i v l e l - N e t s c a p e
fie
dit
y*ew
go
^-
Hefe>
i ^ -^^ 1 rî ^ ^ 't-:s rf a ai / 1

^ j ^ ' Boc^m*fk
Locetwn j http- //localhost/sefvtet/S howM $g
The ShowMessage Sei*\1et

Shibboleth
Shibboleth
Shibboleth
Slubboleth
Sliibboleth
.,,1
. 79.3. ShowMessage,
showMsg

1 9 . 7 . w e b . x m l ( T o m c a t 3 )
<?xml v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 " encoding="ISO-8859-l"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN"
"http://j ava.sun.com/j 2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd">
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ShowMsg</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cwp.ShowMessage</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>message</param-name>
<param-value>Shibboleth</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>repeats</param-name>
<param-value>5</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
</web-app>
19.8. servlets, properties ( J S W D K 1.0.1)

# servlets.properties JSWDK
# servletName.code=servletClassFile
# http://host/examples/servlet/servletName
ShowMsg.code=cwp.ShowMessage
:
servletName.initparams=paraml=vall,param2=val2,...
835
836
19. Java :
ShowMsg.initparams=message=Shibboleth,repeats=5
#
j sp.code=com.sun.j sp.runtime.JspServlet
# , JSP
j sp.initparams=keepgenerated=true
19.6. :
, ,
Web-,
, , .
.
- ,
Internet-,
, URL, :
h t t p : / / h o s t / p a t h ? u s e r = M a r t y + H a l l & o r i g i n = b w i & d e s t = l a x . ,
( u s e r = M a r t y + H a l l & o r i g i n = b w i & d e s t = l a x ) ,
, .
Web- ,
. URL (
GET) ( POST).
HTML-
18.
CGI-
Web, ,
. ,
, GET ( CGI,
QUERY_STRING) POST (CGI-
).
, -
. .
,
"+", %, XX
, .

. , g e t P a r a m e t e r H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t . g e t P a r a m e t e r
( ). g e t P a r a m e t e r
19.6. :
837
, GET POST.

. S t r i n g , ,
.
, , .
,
n u l l . ,
- .
g e t P a r a m e t e r g e t P a r a m e t e r V a l u e s ,
. , g e t
P a r a m e t e r V a l u e s n u l l ,
, , .
,
request.getParameter("Paraml")
request.getParameter("paraml")
!
,
getParameter
Values,
.
getParameter
)1
,
. g e t P a r a m e t e r N a m e s ,
, E n u m e r a t i o n . E n u m e r a t i o n
S t r i n g g e t P a r a m e t e r g e t P a r a m e t e r
V a l u e s . , API H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t ,
E n u m e r a t i o n .

19.9 T h r e e P a r a m s ,
p a r a m l , p a r a m 2 .
.
19.10 HTML-,
. . URL,
ACTION, ( / s e r v l e t / c w p . T h r e e Pa ams), , Web-
, . ,
Java Servlet 2.2, HTML- ( JSP)
, ,
WEB-INF. , Tomcat i n s t a l l d i r /
webapps/ROOT, J R u n i n s t a l l _ d i r / s e r v e r s / d e f a u l t / c i e f a u l t - a p p .
(,
JSWDK i n s t a l l _ d i r / w e b p a g e s ) . ,
T h r e e P a r a m s , 1 , ,
. , -
838
19. Java :
,
.
. 19.4 19.5 HTML-
.
19.9. T h r e e P a r a m s . j a v a
package cwp;
import java.io.*;
public class ThreeParams extends HttpServlet {
String title = "Reading Three Request Parameters";
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>\n"
"<UL>\n" +
" <LI><B>paraml</B>: "
+ request.getParameter("paraml") + "\n" +
" <LI><B>param2</B>: "
+ request.getParameter("param2") + "\n" +
<LI><B>param3</B>: "
+ request.getParameter("") + "\n" +
"</UL>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
19.10. ThreeParamsForm.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Collecting Three Parameters</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Collecting Three Parameters</Hl>
<FORM ACTION="/servlet/cwp.ThreeParams">
First Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="paraml"><BR>
Second Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="param2"><BR>
Third Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="param3"><BR>
<CENTER><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"></CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
19.6. :
[tîffiifflffiimiFmffinmnff,migffiiîi^îi
;
Ftle
drt
View
Tools
839
1
" 3 r^Go I
Collecting Three Parameters

1 First Parameter: |~haii
1 Second Parameter: |~brown
Third Parameter j~mcnemee
SMbmliOuejy
J
. 19.4. HTML-,
ThreeParamsForm.html
\\;\1
Frfe
dtt
View
Fvontes
loots H d p
', Arfdiess JC] http //localhostAefvlet/cwp ThieePd(afns'!'pafam1=;i7Ehall&pafam2=5i7Ebtown?tpaam3=J^7Emcramee J J p^Go
Reading Three Request Parameters
""1^
paimnl: ~hall
paiaml: -brown
paiamS: -mcnamee
jj
Ôone
~ Local
. / 9 . 5 .
CGI-, , ,
, POST .
. g e t R e a d e r
g e t l n p u t S t r e a m H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t ,
.
, . g e t P a r a m e t e r
, .
,
POST. ,
POST-, g e t P a r a m e t e r .
,
p a r a m l , p a r a m 2
HTML-, .
,
, ,
"<". Web-, -
840
19. Java :
. ,
Web-,
HTML-. 19.11
f i l t e r , .
1 9 . 1 1 . S e r v l e t U t i l i t i e s . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
// ServletUtilities .
/** "<"
* "<", ">" ">" (
* )
* """, "&" "&;".
* , ,
* Web-.
public static String filter(String input) {
StringBuffer filtered = new StringBuffer(input.length());
char c;
for(int i=0; i<input.length(); i++) {
= input.charAt(i);
if (c == '<') {
filtered.append("<") ;
} else if (c == >') {
filtered.append(">");
} else if (c == " " ) {
filtered.append(""")/
} else if (c == '&') {
filtered.append("&");
} else {
filtered.append(c);
}
}
return(filtered.toString()) ;
19.7. :
HTTP-
,
HTTP (HypcrText Transfer Protocol
).
, , ,
19.7- : HTTP-
841
. ,
. ,
, , H T T P
1.1. .
, )^ ,
Web- , .
, ,
HTTP-. ,
, URL
. ,
(GET POST).
HTTP-, ,
h t t p : / / w w w . s o m e b o o k s t o r e . c o m /
s e r v l e t / S e a r c h . A c c e p t , A c c e p t - E n c o d i n g ,
C o n n e c t i o n , C o o k i e , H o s t , Ref e r e r U s e r - A g e n t . Bee
, ,
. ,
.
GET / s e r v l e t / S e a r c h ? k e y w o r d s = s e r v l e t s + j s p HTTP/1.1
A c c e p t : i m a g e / g i f , i m a g e / j p g , */"*"
Cookie: userID=id456578
Host: www.somebookstore.com
Referer:
http://www.somebookstore.com/findbooks.html
U s e r - A g e n t : M o z i l l a / 4 . 7 [en] (Win98; U)

:
g e t H e a d e r H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t ;
. , g e t H e a d e r
S t r i n g , ,
n u l l . . ,
r e q u e s t . g e t H e a d e r ( " C o n n e c t i o n " ) r e q u e s t . g e t H e a d e r ( " c o n n e c
t i o n " ) .
g e t H e a d e r
, H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t
, .
getCookies
g e t C o o k i e s C o o k i e .

C o o k i e .
19.1.
getAuthType getRemoteUser
g e t A u t h T y p e g e t R e m o t e U s e r
Authorization.
842
19. Java :
getContentLength
g e t C o n t e n t L e n g t h C o n t e n t - L e n g t h
( i n t ) .
getContentType
g e t C o n t e n t T y p e C o n t e n t - T y p e (
S t r i n g ) .
getDateHeader getlntHeader
g e t D a t e H e a d e r g e t l n t H e a d e r
D a t e i n t .
getHeaderNames

g e t H e a d e r N a m e s E n u m e r a t i o n ,
, .
, 19.12.
getHeaders
.

. A c c e p t - L a n g u a g e .
Java 51'11 2.2,
g e t H e a d e r s , E n u m e r a t i o n ,
.
,
. H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t .
, , .
getMethod
g e t M e t h o d ( GET POST,
HEAD, PUT DELETE).
getRequestURI
g e t R e q u e s t U R I URL,
. , URL h t t p : / /
r a n d o m h o s t . c o m / s e r v l e t / s e a r c h . B o o k S e a r c h g e t R e q u e s t U R I
/ s e r v l e t / s e a r c h . B o o k S e a r c h .
getProtocol
g e t P r o t o c o l ,
HTTP-.
H T T P / 1 . 0 H T T P / 1 . 1 .
, HTTP 1.1, g e t P r o t o c o l
, 1.1 .
19.7. : HTTP-
843
,

19.12 , ,
.
(, URI ).
, Netscape Internet Explorer,
. 19.6 19.7.
1 9 . 1 2 . S h o w R e q u e s t H e a d e r s . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
import
import
import
import
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
java.util.*;
/ , .
public class ShowRequestHeaders extends HttpServlet {
response.setContentType{"text/html");
String title = "Servlet Example: Showing Request Headers";
out.printIn(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle(title) +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>\n" +
"<B>Request Method: </B>" +
request. getMethodO + "<BR>\n" +
"<B>Request URI: </B>" +
request.getRequestURI0 + "<BR>\n" +
"<B>Request Protocol: </B>" +
request.getProtocolO + "<BR><BR>\n" +
"<TABLE B0RDER=1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">\n" +
"<TR BGCOLOR=\"#FFAD00\">\n" +
"<TH>Header Name<TH>Header Value");
Enumeration headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String headerName = (String)headerNames.nextElement();
out.println("<TR><TD>" + headerName);
out.println("
<TD>" + request.getHeader(headerName));
}
out.println("</TABLE>\n</BODY></HTML>");
}
/** GET, POST. */
844
19. Java :
doGet(request,
wsam
ie
response);
ss
Shfnwtng Bequest Headefs - Netscape
d View &
Cofrtfiiuntcatoi
>:d
-.j^ '
-:J
Sei'^let Example: Showing Request Headers
^^
!î} J^.
Request Method: GET

Request URI: /sendet/cwp.ShowRcquestHeaders
Request Protocol: HTTP/1.0
Header Name
Accept Language
f;.
Connection
Keep-Alive
User-Agent
MozillaM 7 [en] (Wm98. U)
Accept-Charset
iso-8859-l,*,utf-8
iHost
localhost
jAccept-Encoding ;gzip
:Accept
Q#
-"J^
âge/gif; unagc/x-xbitamp, miagc/jpcg, miagc/pjpeg. cnage/png, */*
>: Done
j<r',:.,i:s.:-;e^:
. 19.6. Netscape 4.7,

Windows 98
t^tflnfiifmi^mffiifî!Hiwînmiinimif'
' Ffe
View
F^vofites
Sei^let Example: Showing Request Headers
3,
Request Metliod; GET

Request URI: /servlet/cwp.ShowRequestHeaders
Request Rotocol; HTTP/1 1
:|||1||'
Accept:iLanguage
:en-us
iConnection
-Keep-AHvc
;User-Agent
;11/4.0 (compatible. MSIE 5.0, Windows 9S, DigExt)
iHost
ilocalhost
Âccept;Encoding
jgap, deflate
jAccept
'image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg. image/pjpeg, application/msword,

appbcaton/vndms-excel, appHcabon/^/nd ms-poweOlnt, *'*
30one
LOCi
. 19.7. Internet Explorer 5.0,

Windows 98
19.7. : HTTP-
845
,
HTTP 1.1

.
, .
H T T P 1.1, RFC
2616. RFC Internet .
h t t p : //www. r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / .
Accept
MIME- ,
HTTP-, . ,
,
A c c e p t ,
. , PNG
GIF, ,
PNG, . ,
PNG-, r e q u e s t . g e t H e a d e r ( " A c c e p t " ) ,
, - i m a g e / p n g ,
, xxx.png.
. g i f . MIME- . 19.1.
Accept-Charset
(, ISO-8859-1),
.
Accept-Encoding
, .
)' A c c e p t - E n c o d i n g ,
, .
C o n t e n t - E n c o d i n g .
.
MIME- (
C o n t e n t - ) ,
.
,
Web-. g z i p c o m p r e s s .
,
, ,
, .
,
10 .
846
19. Java :
Accept-Language
, ,
, ,
. ,
en, e n - U S , d a .. RFC 1766.
Authorization
Web-,
.
Connection
,
HTTP-.
(, HTML-
). ,
. H T T P 1.1
, , HTTP-
, C o n n e c t i o n
c l o s e . H T T P 1.0 K e e p - A l i v e ,
.
HTTP- ,
,
. HTTP-.
,
. ,
, . ,
, ,
C o n t e n t - L e n g t h .
Content-Length
POST.
. r e q u e s t . g e t l n t H e a d e r ( " C o n t e n t L e n g t h " ) , r e q u e s t . g e t C o n t e n t L e n g t h ( ) .
,
.
Cookie
C o o k i e cookie,
. 19.11.
cookie H T T P 1.1. Cookie
Netscape, Netscape,
Internet Explorer.
19.7. : HTTP-
847
Host
HTTP-
. Host ,
URL.
, ,
Host .
, HTTP 1.0 .
If-Modified-Since
,
, .
, 302 (Not
Modified). If-Modif i e d - S i n c e
, ,
.
- .
,
g e t L a s t M o d i f i e d .
If-Unmodified-Since
, If-Modif i e d - S i n c e .
, ,
. IfModif i e d - S i n c e GET (
, , , ),
If-Unmodif i e d - S i n c e PUT (
,
, ).
Referer
URL Web-, ,
. , ,
,
R e f e r e r , URL .
,
, .
R e f e r e r . R e f e r e r
, ,
. , R e f e r e r (
R e f e r r e r , ); HTTP
.
User-Agent
, ,
,
. ,
848
1 9 . Java :
, ,
.
, HTTP-. ,
, g z i p ,
A c c e p t - E n c o d i n g .
, Internet Explorer U s e r - A g e n t
" M o z i l l a " , . ,
JavaScript-.
]/\/'
)'. ^1 Web, C o n t e n t - E n c o d i n g ,
Web-pecypc.
)^ , ,
, ,
.
.
Netscape UNIX,
Netscape 4.7 Windows,
Internet Explorer Windows.
, A c c e p t - E n c o d i n g . 19.13
. 19.8 , , ,
g z i p , Web-, )',
, HTML-. Netscape 4.7
Internet Explorer 5.0 , 28,8 / , ,
5 ,
Web- 50 .
, Java
g z i p , J a v a .
u t i l . z i p . A c c e p t - E n c o d i n g ,
g z i p . ,
G Z I P O u t p u t S t r e a m , C o n t e n t E n c o d i n g . G Z I P O u t p u t S t r e a m ,
c l o s e . g z i p ,
P r i n t W r i t e r .
URL
? e n c o d i n g = n o n e , .
19.7. : HTTP-
1 9 . 1 3 . E n c o d e d P a g e . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
import
import
import
import
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
java.util.zip.*;
/** ,
* gzip.
V
public class EncodedPage extends HttpServlet {
String encodings = request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");
String encodeFlag = request.getParameter("encoding");
PrintWriter out;
String title;
if ((encodings != null) &&
(encodings.indexOf("gzip") != -1) &&
!"none".equals(encodeFlag)) {
title = "Page Encoded with GZip";
Outputstream outl = response.getOutputStreamO;
out = new PrintWriter(new GZIPOutputStream(outl), false);
response . setHeader ("Content-Encoding" , "gzip") ;"
} else {
title = "Unencoded Page";
out = response.getWriter0;
out.printIn(ServletUtilitles.headWithTitie(title) +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>\n"
String line = "Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. " +
"Yadda, yadda, yadda, yadda.";
for(int 1=0; i<10000; i++) {
out.println(line);
}
out.close 0 ;
849
850
19. Java :
Page EnGoded with G2Sp - Netscape
E*5 gdf Vie*/ Go CofnmunJcator ^
- ^ y^ J : . i ^ j i i ^ . i ^ r f ' a a
Page Encoded with GZip

Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah Yadda, yadda, yadda, yadda Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah
Yadda, yadda, yadda, yadda Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah Yadda, yadda. yadda, yadda
Blali. blah, blah, blah, blah Yadda, yadda, yadda. yadda Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah
j ^
. 19.8. Windows- Netscape 4.7

g z i p (. . 19.6),
;

19.8. CGI-
CGI-, , ,
CGI-.
, . CGI , ,
(, IP- );
, (,
URL ).
, ,
, CGI-,
, CGI-.
CGI-, , :
,
CGI-. , , ,
, URI ( URL,
), g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t () . g e t R e a l P a t h ,
IP- r e q u e s t .
getRemoteHost request.getRemoteAddress.
AUTH_TYPE
A u t h o r i z a t i o n ,
( b a s i c d i g e s t ) .
r e q u e s t . g e t A u t h T y p e ( ) .
CONTENT_LENGTH

POST. CONTENTLENGTH ,
, .. CONTENTLENGTH
, C o n t e n t - L e n g t h .
, CONTENTLENGTH,
S t r i n g . v a l u e O f ( r e q u e s t . g e t C o n t e n t L e n g t h )
r e q u e s t . g e t H e a d e r ( " C o n t e n t - L e n g t h " ) .
r e q u e s t . g e t C o n t e n t L e n g t h ( ) , i n t .
19.8. CGI-
851
CONTENT.TYPE
CONTENT_TYPE 1- ,
. -
. 19.1. , CONTENT_TYPE, ,
r e q u e s t . g e t C o n t e n t T y p e ( ) .
DOCUMENT_ROOT
DOCUMENT_ROOT , URL
h t t p : / / h o s t / , h o s t .
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t () . g e t R e a l Path ( " / " ) .
r e q u e s t . g e t R e a l P a t h ( " / " ) ,
. URI ( URL,
)
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t ( ) . g e t R e a l P a t h .
HTTP^XXX.YYY

HTTP-. ,
Cookie _001, User-Agent
HTTP__USER__AGENT, HTTP_REFERER
R e f e r e r ..
r e q u e s t . g e t H e a d e r ,
19.7.
PATHJNFO
PATHINFO , URL
. , h t t p : / / h o s t /
s e r v l e t / c w p . S o m e S e r v l e t / f oo/bar?baz=quux PATH_INFO
/ f / b a r . ,
CGI-, , ,
PATH_INFO, ,
r e q u e s t . g e t P a t h I n f .
PATH^TRANSLATED
PAT RAN SLATED ,
. ,
g e t S e r v l e t
Context () . g e t R e a l P a t h .
CGI-, .
r e q u e s t . G e t PathTranslated.
852
19. Java :
QUERY_STRING
GET ,
URL.
,
r e q u e s t . g e t P a r a m e t e r (. 19.7).
- ,
r e q u e s t . g e t Q u e r y S t r i n g .
REMOTE__ADDR
IP- , .
(, "198.137.241.30").
r e q u e s t . g e t Remote Addr ( ) .
REMOTE_HOST
REMOTE_HOST (,
m y c l i e n t . g o v ) . ,
IP-. r e q u e s t .
getRemoteHost().
REMOTEÛSER
A u t h o r i z a t i o n , ,
REMOTEUSER ,
.
r e q u e s t . g e t R e m o t e U s e r ( ) .
REQUEST^METHOD
HTTP- ( GET POST,
HEAD, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS TRACE).

d o G e t , do P o s t ..
HEAD,
s e r v i c e . , REQUESTMETHOD,
r e q u e s t . g e t M e t h o d ( ) .
SCRIPT__NAME

. , r e q u e s t . g e t S e r v l e t P a t h .
SERVER_NAME
SERVER_NAME ,
. r e q u e s t . g e t S e r v e r N a m e .
SERVER_PORT
,
. ,
19.9. :
853
s t r i n g . v a l u e O f ( r e q u e s t . g e t S e r v e r P o r t ( ) ) ,
S t r i n g .
r e q u e s t . g e t S e r v e r P o r t ( ) ,
.
SERVER_PROTOCOL
SERVER_PROTOCOL ,
(, H T T P / 1 . 0 H T T P / 1 . 1 ) .
r e q u e s t . g e t P r o t o c o l .
SERVER_SOFTWARE

Web-.
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t ( ) . g e t S e r v e r I n f .
19.9. :
Web- Web-
, , .
( ) :
/1.1 200
Content-Type: text/plain
Hello World
H T T P (
/ 1 . 1 ) , ( 200) ,
( ).
. C o n t e n t - , MIME . , ,
( ,
)^. HEAD,
, ,
.
,
. , ,
, , , ,
, Adobe Acrobat HTML-,
, , ..
.
.

, HTTP-
HTTP, .
, -
854
1 9 . Java :
, , ,
. s e t S t a t u s H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
HTTP- . ,
,
, , s e t S t a t u s
P r i n t W r i t e r . 19.3,
( Servlet 2.1
).
P r i n t W r i t e r , ,
.

,
.
s e t S t a t u s (
). H t t p S e r v l e t
R e s p o n s e .
, HTTP-.
, SC,
. , 404 "Not
Found", , H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e ,

SCNOTFOUND. Servlet 2.1
. 302 H T T P 1.0
(Moved Temporarily), 307 (Temporary Redirect) 416
(Requested Range Not Satisfiable) . 2,2
416, 307 302 .
,
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , .
s e t S t a t u s ,
public void sendError(int code, String message)

s e n d E r r o r ( 404)
, HTML-.
public void sendRedirect(String url)

s e n d R e d i r e c t 302
L o c a t i o n , URL . 2.1
URL.
2.2 , URL.
L o c a t i o n
URL .
HTML-. ,
,
404 "File Not Found",
.
19.9. :
855
HTTP 7.1
,
H T T P 1.1.
. ,
.
H T T P 1.1 RFC 2616.
RFC h t t p : / / w w w . r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / .
,
H T T P 1.0, , , ,
H T T P 1.1, ,
. , r e q u e s t . g e t R e q u e s t P r o t o c o l .
.
100-199
, 1, , ,
, .
200 - 299
, 2, ,
.
300-399
, , ,
. L o c a t i o n ,
.
400-499
, 4, , .
500 - 599
.
,
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
. , r e s p o n s e . s e t S t a t u s (204)
r e s p o n s e . s e t S t a t u s ( r e s p o n s e . SC_NO_CONTENT).
. ,
,
. , / 1 . 1 200
/ 1 . 1 200 Document F o l l o w s .
100 (Continue)
E x p e c t , 1 0 0 - c o n t i n u e ,
,
. 100
(SCCONTINUE), . 417
( E x p e c t a t i o n F a i l e d ) , '.
100 HTTP 1.1.
856
19. Java :
200 ( )
200 (SCOK) , .
, .
. s e t S t a t u s ,
200.
201 (Created)
201 (SC_CREATED) ,
. URL L o c a t i o n .
202 (Accepted)
202 (SCACCEPTED) , ,
. .
204 ( N o Content)
204 (SC_NO_CONTENT) ,
, .
, Web-
Reload - ,
.
205 (Reset Content)
205 (SC RESETCONTENT) ,
,
. ,
. H T T P 1.1.
301 (Moved Permanently)
301 (SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) ,
. URL
L o c a t i o n . URL.
302 (Found)
301 , URL,
L o c a t i o n , .
301 302 .
, HTTP 1.0 Moved Tempo
r a r i l y , H T T P 1.1 Found. , ,
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e ,
SC_FOUND,
SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY.

, 302,
ED
TEMPORARILY,
SC_FOUND,
SC^MOV-
19.9. :
857
302 , ,
L o c a t i o n . ,
sendRedirect.
response. sendRedirect(url)
, r e s p o n s e . s e t S t a t u s ( r e s p o n s e . SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) r e s p o n s e .
s e t H e a d e r ( " L o c a t i o n " , u r l ) . -, , -,
]1 , ,
s e n d R e d i r e c t , . ,
, 2.2 ( J2EE) s e n d R e d i r e c t
URL .
,
GET. 307.
303 (See Other)
303 (SC_SEE_OTHER) 301 302,
. POST,
, L o c a t i o n ,
GET. H T T P 1.1.
304 (Not Modified)
,
, I f - M o d i f i e d - S i n c e . ,
,
If-Modif ied-Since.
304
(SCNOTMODIFIED) ,
.
,
200. ,
304, g e t L a s t M o d i f i e d
s e r v i c e .
307 (Temporary Redirect)
307 302 . 307
HTTP 1.1 , 302,
,
POST. POST
303. :
303 GET,
POST, 307 GET, POST.
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e ,
, s e t S t a t u s 307.
400 (Bad R e q u e s t )
400 (SC_BAD_REQUEST) ,
.
858
19. Java :
401 ( U n a u t h o r i z e d )
401 (SC_UNAUTHORIZED) ,
, ,
A u t h o r i z a t i o n .
WWW-Authenticate.
403 ( F o r b i d d e n )
403 (SC_FORBIDDEN) , ,
, .
,
.
404 ( N o t F o u n d )
404 (SCNOTFOUND) , , URL
, .
, H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e
s e n d E r r o r .
. s e n d E r r o r
s e t S t a t u s , s e n d E r r o r
. Internet Explorer 5
,
HTTP. ,
Tools (), Internet Options (
), Advanced ()
Show friendly HTTP error m e s s a g e s (
HTTP). ,
Internet Explorer 5, ,
, . Internet
Explorer 4 .
!
internet Explorer ,
.
405 ( M e t h o d N o t Allowed)
405 (SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED) , (GET,
POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE ..) .
H T T P 1.1.
410 ( G o n e )
410 (SCGONE) ,
. 410
404 , , , 404
, .
H T T P 1.1.
19.9. :
859
411 (Length R e q u i r e d )
411 (SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED) ,
( POST ),
C o n t e n t - L e n g t h , ,
. H T T P 1.1.
413 (Request Entity T o o Large)
41S (SC_REQUEST_ENTITy_TOO__LARGE) ,
, .
, ,
R e t r y - A f t e r . H T T P 1.1.
414 (Request U R I T o o L o n g )
414 ( S C R E Q U E S T U R I T O O L O N G ) , URI
. URI URL,
. , URL h t t p : / / w w w . y 2 k - d i s a s t e r . c o m : 8 0 8 0 /
w e / l o o k / s i l l y / n o w / / w e / l o o k / s i l l y / n o w /
URI. H T T P 1.1.
415 ( U n s u p p o r t e d M e d i a Type)
415 (SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE) ,
, , ,
. H T T P 1.1.
417 (Expectation Failed)
E x p e c t , 1 0 0 c o n t i n u e , , ,
.
417, ,
, 100 (SC CONTINUE),
, .
H T T P 1.1.
500 (Internal Server Error)
500 (SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
" ". ,
CGI-
.
501 ( N o t I m p l e m e n t e d )
501 (SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) , ,
, .
PUT, .
860
19. Java :
503 (Service Unavailable)

503 (SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE) ,
-
. , ,
,
.
R e t r y - A f t e r , ,
.
505 ( H T T P V e r s i o n N o t S u p p o r t e d )
505 (SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED) ,
H T T P , . l i T T P 1.1.

19.14 ,
: 302 404. 302
s e n d R e d i r e c t H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , 404
s e n d E r r o r .
, HTML (. 19.9 19.16).
,
. ,
, URL, ,
( S e a r c h S p e c 19.15),
URL (. 19.10).
, Web-,
(. 404).
1 9 . 1 4 . S e a r c h E n g i n e s . J a v a
cwp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
,
.

. ,
302 ( sendRedirect).
4 04
( sendError).
public class SearchEngines extends HttpServlet {

19.9. :

String searchString = request.getParameter("searchString") ;
if ( (searchString == null) | i
(searchString.length 0 == 0)) {
reportProblem(response, "Missing search string.");
return;
}
// URLEncoder "+", a ,
// ,
// "%XY", XY - ,
// .
// , ,
// getParameter .
// ,
// .
searchString = URLEncoder.encode(searchString);
String numResults = request.getParameter("numResults");
if ((numResults == null) ||
(numResults.equals("0")) ||
(numResults.length 0 = = 0 ) ) {
numResults = "10";
}
String searchEngine =
request.getParameter("searchEngine");
if (searchEngine == null) {
reportProblem(response, "Missing search engine name.");
return;
}
SearchSpec[] commonSpecs = SearchSpec.getCommonSpecs();
for(int i=0; i<commonSpecs.length; i++) {
SearchSpec searchSpec = commonSpecs[i];
if (searchSpec.getName().equals(searchEngine)) {
String url =
searchSpec.makeURL(searchString, numResults);
response.sendRedirect(url);
return;
}
}
reportProblem(response, "Unrecognized search engine.");
private void reportProblem(HttpServletResponse response.
String message)
response . sendError (response . SC__NOT_FOUND,
"<H2>" + message + "</H2>");
}
861
862
19. Java :
1 9 . 1 5 . S e a r c h S p e c . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
Z'^* ,
* .
public class SearchSpec {
private String name, baseURL, numResultsSuffix;
private static SearchSpec[] commonSpecs =
{ new SearchSpec("google",
"http:ZZwww.google.comZsearch?q=",
"&num="),
new SearchSpec("infoseek",
"http:ZZinfoseek.go.comZTitles?qt=",
"&nh="),
new SearchSpec("lycos",
"http:ZZlycospro.lycos.comZcgi-binZ" +
"pursuit?query=",
"&maxhits="),
new SearchSpec("hotbot",
"http:ZZwww.hotbot.comZ?MT=",
"&DC=")
};
public SearchSpec(String name.
String baseURL,
String numResultsSuffix) {
this.name = name;
this.baseURL = baseURL;
this.numResultsSuffix = numResultsSuffix;
}
public String makeURL(String searchString,
String numResults) {
return(baseURL + searchString +
numResultsSuffix + numResults);
}
public String getName() {
return(name);
}
public static SearchSpec[] getCommonSpecs() {
return(commonSpecs) ;
}
}
19.9. :
863
j;Â!ijj!i;ii|jf|MJi|.H.iiu/î.!iifira!ff^^
'.r-T^jTaâ -^'^-j'
AiJdiess \fi] h(tp //localhost/cwp/Seafd-ngines html
^J
^ ^^^
Searching the Web

Search String: |serviets J S P book
Results to Show Per Page fTF~
<? Google I <" bifoseek | r L/COS | r HotBot
Serch I
J
^
Done
1 ^ local rtidfiet
. 19.9. SearchEngines. HTML-

19.16
; * < * | ^ htp //ww*M google comAearch'?q=servle(s-KJSP+book8<num=10
Gougle
j j
Advanced Search Language. Display. & Filtenno Options

Isetvlets JSP book
Google Serch
fv>So
Search Tips
I'm Feelmg Lucky
:?'.' / ; I' 10 1'/. : 2,580* vservlets JSP book .-^'' i L-^-0.68 ^.7.'.- ^
"^-i'"'';'"^ Computers > Programming > Languages > Java > Runtime Environments > Sen/lets
Core S e r v l e t s and JavaServer Pages (JSP): Book Table of
...contents of Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) in HTML...
...CHAPTER 11 The JSP page Directive. Structuring Generated Servlets...
vvWiAf.coreseivlels.corn/rabie-Oi-Coritentb himi - 20k- Cs.kMfJ - 1::!^
Core S e r v l e t s and JavaServer Pages
...and integrating servlets and JSP) The book includes...
GosciVptiOi:- Home page for new seivlet/JSP book from Sun Microsystems Press and Prentice Hall.
Covers servlets
iigj
intefnet
. 19.10. , . 19.9
zl
864
19. Java :
19.16,SearchEngines.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Searching the Web</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Searching the Web</Hl>
<FORM ACTION="/servlet/cwp.SearchEngines">
<CENTER>
Search String:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="searchString"><BR>
Results to Show Per Page:
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="numResults"
VALUE=10 SIZE=3><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="searchEngine"
VALUE="google">
Google I
VALUE="infoseek">
Infoseek |
VALUE="lycos">
Lycos I
VALUE="hotbot">
HotBot
<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Search">
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
19.10. :
, Web-
, ,
. ,
, .
.
, , (300-307),
L o c a t i o n , 401 ( U n a u t h o r i z e d )
w w w - A u t h e n t i c a t e . ,
"" . cookie,
, -
19.10. :
865
Web- , ,
, ,
.

s e t H e a d e r H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e . :
, . ,
.
s e t H e a d e r , H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e ,
.
setDateHeader(String header, long milliseconds)

,
, 1970 . (
S y s t e m . c u r r e n t T i m e M i l l i s , D a t e . g e t T i m e
Calendar. getTimelnMillis).
setIntHeader(String header, int header Value)

i n t
S t r i n g .
H T T P
, ,
. , ,
A c c e p t S e t - C o o k i e ,
MIME- c o o k i e . s e t H e a d e r , s e t D a t e H e a d e r
s e t l n t H e a d e r , SeiTlet 2.1,
,
, . Sei'vlet 2.2,
s e t H e a d e r , s e t D a t e H e a d e r s e t l n t H e a d e r
, ,
, a d d H e a d e r , a d d D a t e H e a d e r
a d d l n t H e a d e r . , ,
c o n t a i n s H e a d e r .
, , H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e
. .
setContentType
C o n t e n t - T y p e
.
setContentLength
C o n t e n t - L e n g t h
, (keep-alive) HTTP-.
866
19. Java :
addCookie
addCookie S e t - C o o k i e ,
cookie. s e t Cookie ,
cookie .
cookie 19.11.
sendRedirect
, s e n d R e d i r e c t ,
302, L o c a t i o n .
19.14.

,
HTTP 1.1. ,
.

RFC 2616, HTTP 1.1.
RFC h t t p : / / w w w . r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / .
,
.
, HTTP 1.1,
. Internet, ,
HTTP 1.0. HTTP 1.1
,
intranet. HTTP 1.1,
r e q u e s t . g e t R e q u e s t P r o t o c o l , HTTP
-.
Allow
, .
405 (Method Not Allowed).
s e r v i c e Allow
OPTION.
Cache-Control
C a c h e - C o n t r o l - ,
, , .
.
p u b l i c . ,
(, ).
p r i v a t e .
() .
- c a c h e . .
n o - c a c h e = " h e a d e r l , h e a d e r 2 , . . . ,headerN",
19.10. :
867
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
, , , . ,
, Pragma,
.
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
n o - S t o r e .
.
.
m u s t - r e v a l i d a t e .
( proxy-).
p r o x y - r e v a l i d a t e . ,
m u s t - r e v a l i d a t e , ,
.
max-age=xxx. .
E x p i r e s ,
, HTTP 1.1.
max-age E x p i r e s ,
max-age.
s-max-age=xxx
.
C a c h e - C o n t r o l HTTP 1.1.
Connection
C o n n e c t i o n c l o s e ,
. ,
HTTP 1.1, .
, HTTP 1.0 C o n n e c t i o n :
k e e p - a l i v e , HTTP 1.1 C o n n e c t i o n : c l o s e .

C o n t e n t - L e n g t h .
/
Content-Encoding
,
.
. g z i p ,
.
19.7.
868
19. Java :
Content-Language
C o n t e n t - L a n g u a g e .
, e n , e n - u s , da
.. RFC 1766.
Content-Length
,
. ,
HTTP-. ,
, C o n n e c t i o n .
,
B y t e A r r a y O u t p u t S t r e a m , ,
C o n t e n t - L e n g t h ,
r e s p o n s e . s e t C o n t e n t L e n g t h ,
b y t e A r r a y S t r e a m . w r i t e T o ( r e s p o n s e . g e t O u t p u t S t r e a m ( ) ).
Content-Type
C o n t e n t - T y p e MIME- ,
. ,
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e s e t C o n t e n t T y p e . MIME- /,
/-.

MIME- t e x t / p l a i n ,
t e x t / h t m l .
MIME- . 19.1.
MIME- RFC 1521 RFC 1522 (
h t t p : / / w w w . r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / ) .
MIME- ,
. MIME-
h t t p : / / w w w . i s i . e d u / i n - n o t e s / i a n a / a s s i g n m e n t s / m e d i a ^ t y p e s / m e d i a - t y p e s .
h t t p : / / w w w . l t s w . s e / k n b a s e / i n t e r n e t / mime.htp.
1 9 . 1 . MIME-
application/msword
Microsoft Word
application/octet-stream
application/pdf
Acrobat ( . p d f )
application/postscript
PostScript
application/vnd. lotus-notes
Lotus Notes
application/vnd.ms-excel
Excel
19.10. :
869
. 19.1
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
PowerPoint
application/x-gzip
Gzip
application/x-java-archive
JAR-
application/-jva
se rial i zed-object
Java-
application/x-java-vm
Java ( . c l a s s )
application/zip
Zip-
audio/basic
. . s n d
audio/x-aiff
AIFF
audio/x-wav
Microsoft Windows
audio/midi
MIDI
text/ess
HTML
text/html
HTML-
text/plain
image/gif
GIF
image/jpeg
JPEG
image/png
PNG
image/tiff
TIFF
image/x-xbitmap
X Windows
( )
video/mpeg
MPEG
video/quicktime
QuickTime
Expires
,
, , .
,
. ,
, , , ,
10 .
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis ( ) ;
l o n g t e n M i n u t e s = 1 0 * 6 0 * 1 0 0 0 ; / /
response.setDateHeader("Expires",
currentTime + tenMinutes);
m a x - a g e C a c h e - C o n t r o l .
870
19. Java :
Last-Modified
L a s t - M o d i f i e d .
I f - M o d i f i e d - S i n c e ,
. ,
, Last-Modif i e d ,
If-Modif i e d - S i n c e .
304 (Not Modified)
, .
, s e t D a t e H e a d e r .
.
getLastModif i e d s e r v i c e
.
Location
,
3, .
.
s e n d R e d i r e c t
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , , 302.
.
Pragma
Pragma, cache, , HTTP 1.0,
. HTTP 1.1
Cache-Control: no-cache.
Refresh
( ),
Web-. ,
30 ,
30 :
response.setlntHeader("Refresh", 30)
, R e f r e s h .
,
. Refresh,
204 (No Content), .
R e f r e s h .
Web. , ,
URL . ,
, h t t p : / / h o s t / p a t h ,
s e t Header :
response.setHeader("Refresh",
"5; URL=http://host/path/")
19.10. :
871

, .
,
HEAD HTML-.
< HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh"
C0NTENT="5; URL=http://host/path/">
Web-.
.
Refresh HTTP 1.1,
Retry-After
503 ( S e r v i c e
U n a v a i l a b l e ) , .
Set-Cookie
S e t - C o o k i e cookie, Web-.
cookie S e t - C o o k i e .
r e s p o n s e . s e t H e a d e r ( " S e t - C o o k i e " , . . . ),
addCookie H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
cookie 19.11. S e t - C o o k i e
HTTP 1.1. cookie Netscape,
www-Authenticate
401
(Unauthorized). ,
A u t h o r i z a t i o n .
, Web-
, .

\/'
, ,
. (, 150),
,
,
.
Web-.
, Refresh,
.
872
19. Java :
,
. -, ,
,
. -, ,
; CGI-
.
,
s e r v i c e ( d o G e t d o P o s t ) . ,
,
. Web N
. -
, . ,
.
S e r v l e t C o n t e x t ,
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t . S e r v l e t C o n t e x t
s e t A t t r i b u t e g e t A t t r i b u t e , ,
.
S e r v l e t C o n t e x t , S e r v l e t
C o n t e x t , ,
(, , Web-).
19.17. ,
: n u m P r i m e s n u m D i g i t s .
, HTML-.
19,18 HTML- , , . 19.11
.
g e t I n t P a r a m e t e r ,
I n t e g e r . p a r s e i n t (. 19.21).
f i n d P r i m e L i s t
, ,
, .
P r i m e L i s t , , .
,
R e f r e s h . ,
. , ,
. Web-,
, . 19.12,
. 19.13.
19.19 ( P r i m e L i s t . J a v a ) 19.20 ( P r i m e s . J a v a )
, . P r i m e L i s t
, . P r i m e
, ,
, . ,
, B i g l n t e g e r .
19.10. :
1 9 . 1 7 . P r i m e N u m b e r s . J a v a
package cwp;
import
import
import
import
/*"^
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
javax. servlet.http. "^;
java.util.*;
, , n
, m .
,
,
. ,
Refresh,
,
.
,
,
.
public class PrimeNumbers extends HttpServlet {

private Vector primeListVector = new Vector();
private int maxPrimeLists = 30;
int numPrimes =
ServletUtilities.getlntParameter(request,
"numPrimes", 50);
int numDigits =
ServletUtilities.getlntParameter(request,
"numDigits", 120);
PrimeList primeList =
findPrimeList(primeListVector, numPrimes, numDigits);
if (primeList == null) {
primeList = new PrimeList(numPrimes, numDigits, true);
//
// PrimeNumbers.
// ,
synchronized(primeListVector) {
if (primeListVector.size() >= maxPrimeLists)
primeListVector.removeElementAt(0);
primeListVector.addElement(primeList);
}
}
Vector currentPrimes = primeList.getPrimes();
int numCurrentPrimes = currentPrimes.size();
int numPrimesRemaining = (numPrimes - numCurrentPrimes);
boolean isLastResult = (numPrimesRemaining == 0 ) ;
if (!isLastResult) {
response.setHeader("Refresh", " 5 " ) ;
}
873
874
19. Java :
String title = "Some " + numDigits + "-Digit Prime Numbers";
"<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>" + title + "</H2>\n" +
"<H3>Primes found with " + numDigits +
" or more digits: " + numCurrentPrimes +
".</H3>");
if (isLastResult)
out.println("<B>Done searching.</B>");
else
out.println("<B>Still looking for " + numPrimesRemaining +
" more<BLINK>...</BLINK></B>");
out.println("<0L>") ;
for(int i=0; i<numCurrentPrimes; i++) {
out.println(" <LI>" + currentPrimes.elementAt(i));
}
out.println("</0L>");
}
}
// ,
//
// . ,
// , .
// ,
/ / .
// .
private PrimeList findPrimeList(Vector primeListVector,
int numPrimes,
int numDigits) {
synchronized(primeListVector) {
for(int i=0; i<primeListVector.size(); i++) {
PrimeList primes =
(PrimeList)primeListVector.elementAt(i);
if ((numPrimes == primes.numPrimes()) &&
(numDigits == primes.numDigits()))
return(primes);
}
return(null);
}
}
19.10. :
19.18. PrimeNiimbers. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Finding Large Prime Numbers</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Finding Large Prime Numbers</H2>
<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<FORM A C T I O N = " / s e r v l e t / c w p . PrimeN\ambers">
<B>Number of primes to calculate:</B>
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="numPrimes" VALUE=25 SIZE=4><BR>
<B>Number of digits:</B>
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="numDigits" VALUE=150 SIZE=3><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Start Calculating">
</FORM>'
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
-^^ ^ 3 . ^^- Si s ui 3 Jl
Finding Large Prime Numbers
Number of primes to calculate: j i s

Niunber of digits ji^S
Start Calctêting
f-f"^
Document. Dor
'^ ^
. ^^.J
. 19.11, PrimeNumbers.html,
PrimeNumbers
875
876
19. Java :
i-inixf
^
^- - 3 '^ ^ ^ ^s ^ 3
Some 125-Digit Prime Numbers
Primes fomid with 125 or mote digits: S.
Still lookiiig for 7 more
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
25955811439632246588281060898749698746124929689978474726713518542454
1
:;==>-:
,GI
. 19.12.
PrimeNumbers.

,
.

58^ Some 125-Digit Piirae Nuinbet - Netscape

Lie % yiew 0 Cownumcaâ help
1?
^^ J 3 <^ ^ ^ ^:% ^'
Some 125-Digit Prime Numbers

Primes fomid wirli 125 or more flights: 15.
Done searching;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
in
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
259558 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
2595581 14396322465882810608987496987461249296899784747267135185424
osQ*;*;??!
Li
f^'îi^'.
14'?0^0^'^)0174<5717400000747^7')>;71?^1';4':>]
Document Done
':^.2-._::^.^.:....,.^^
' /
. 19.13.
PrimeNumbers.

,
.
Web-
19.10. :
1 9 . 1 9 . P r i m e L i s t . J a v a
p a c k a g e cwp;
import Java . util.'^^ ;
/** Vector, .
* .
V
public class PrimeList implements Runnable {
private Vector primesFound;
private int numPrimes, numDigits;
Z*'^
*
*
*
*
*
numPrimes ,
numDigits .
,
, ,

.
public PrimeList(int numPrimes, int numDigits,

boolean runlnBackground) {
// JDK 1.1 ArrayList
// Vector.
primesFound = new Vector(numPrimes);
this.numPrimes = numPrimes;
this.numDigits = numDigits;
if (runlnBackground) {
//
// .
t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
t. start 0 ;
} else {
run();
public void run() {

Biglnteger start = Primes.random(numDigits);
for(int i=0; i<numPrimes; i++) {
start = Primes.nextPrime(start);
synchronized(this) {
primesFound.addElement(start) ;
}
}
}
public synchronized boolean isDoneO {
return(primesFound.size() == numPrimes);
877
878
19. Java :
public synchronized Vector getPrimesO {

if (isDoneO)
return(primesFound);
else
return((Vector)primesFound.clone()) ;
}
public int numDigitsO {
return(numDigits);
}
public int numPrimesO {
return(numPrimes);
}
public synchronized int numCalculatedPrimes() {
return(primesFound.size ());
}
}
19.20.Primes.Java
package cwp;
/** ,
* Biglnteger
* Biglnteger.
public class Primes {
// Biglnteger.ZERO JDK 1.2.
private static final Biglnteger ZERO = new Biglnteger("0"),
private static final Biglnteger ONE = new Biglnteger("1");
private static final Biglnteger TWO = new Biglnteger("2");
private static final int ERR_VAL = 100;
public static Biglnteger nextPrime(Biglnteger start) {
if (isEven(start))
start = start.add(ONE);
else
start = start.add(TWO);
if (start.isProbablePrime(ERR_VAL))
return(start);
else
return(nextPrime(start));
}
private static boolean isEven(Biglnteger n) {
return(n.mod(TWO).equals(ZERO));
}
private static StringBuffer[] digits =
19.10. :
{ new
new
new
new
new
StringBuffer("")/
StringBuffer("2") ,
StringBuffer("4"),
StringBuffer("6") /
StringBuffer("8")/
new StringBuffer("1")/
new StringBuffer("3"),
new StringBuffer("5").
new StringBuffer("7")^
new StringBuffer("9") }/
private static StringBuffer randomDigit() {

int index = (int)Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
return(digits[index] ) ;
}
public static Biglnteger random(int numDigits) {
StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer("");
for(int i=0; i<numDigits; i++) {
s.append(randomDigit() ) ;
}
return(new Biglnteger(s.toString()));
}
/**
*
*
*
*
,
.
,
50
.
V
int numDigits;
if (args.length > 0)
numDigits = Integer.parseint(args[0]);
else
numDigits = 150;
Biglnteger start = random(numDigits);
for(int i=0; i<50; i++) {
start = nextPrime(start);
System.out.println("Prime " + i + " = " + start);
}
}
19-21. S e r v l e t 0 t i l i t i e s . Java
package cwp;
/
*
*
*
*
,
,
.
1' ,
.
879
880
19. Java :
V
public static int getlntParameter(HttpServletRequest request.
String paramName,
int defaultValue) {
String paramString = request.getParameter(paramName);
int paramValue;
try {
paramValue = Integer.parseint(paramString);
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) { // null
//
paramValue = defaultValue;
}
return(paramValue);
}
1 9 . 1 1 . Cookie
cookie , Web
. ,
, }^ ,
,
.
, cookie.
cookie , .
cookie
cookie,
, .

1,
" ". ,
. Web HTTP- ,
, , !
. , ,
, , .
HTTP- .)^ , }'
,
, , , , Web . ,
. cookie. cookie
1 9 . 1 1 . Cookie
881
, API

cookie.
19.12.

,
: ) ,
. , ,
cookie.
cookie, .
,
. , ,
, ,
. -
, ,
.

, "",
) .
^ , ,
. '
, , ,
cookie. Web-
,
cookie. )^1
, ,
.

Web-, ,
.
, ,
. , , ,
"Java Servlets", , ,
, ,
, ,
. .
"Java Hotels", . cookie
, .
, .
882
19. Java :

cookie
cookie , Web-. , cookie
.
cookie ,
. 300 cookie,
20 , cookie 4 ,
cookie
, .
cookie
, . , ,
,
,
, .
, , Internet
,
.
, ,
cookie.
, . (Netscape cookie,
, ,
.) cookie
. , ,
, cookie.
Web- .
, cookie
. ,
cookie ,
. ,
, ,
, . .
cookie , ,
. ,
, cookie, )^
. , ,
,
cookie ,
cookie.
, .
?
cookie ? ,
. , cookie,
, cookie
, cookie .
19.11. Cookie
883
API,
cookie
cookie ,
cookie, (new C o o k i e (name, v a l u e ) ) ,
c o o k i e . setXxx (
c o o k i e . getX)cx) c o o k i e
, r e s p o n s e . a d d C o o k i e ( c o o k i e ) .
cookie, ,
r e q u e s t . g e t C o o k i e s , C o o k i e .
cookie,
( cookie ,
, n u l l ) .
, cookie (getName),
, , g e t V a l u e .
.
cookie
cookie Cookie,
: cookie. ,
:
[
( ) = , / ?
@ :
cookie
cookie S e t - C o o k i e ,
a d d C o o k i e H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
, s e t C o o k i e , a d d C o o k i e ,
S e t - C o o k i e .
Cookie u s e r C o o k i e = new C o o k i e ( " u s e r " ,
userCookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*365); / /
response.addCookie(userCookie);
"uidl234");
1
cookie,
cookie, ,
g e t C o o k i e s H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t .
C o o k i e ; C o o k i e
HTTP-. C o o k i e
.
getName C o o k i e . ,
g e t V a l u e .
, cookie
.
884
19. Java :
cookie
cookie ,
cookie, s e t X x x (
). s e t X x x getXxx,
. , cookie
cookie, ;
cookie, , .
public String g e t C o m m e n t O
public void s e t C o m m e n t ( S t r i n g c o m m e n t )
s e t C o m m e n t , a getComment
, cookie. Cookie (.
g e t V e r s i o n s e t V e r s i o n ) ,
.
public String getDomain()
public void setDomain(String domainPattern)
s e t D o m a i n , a g e t D o m a i n ,
cookie. s e t D o m a i n
, , cookie
, .
cookie , ,
' s e t D o m a i n ,
, (. com, . e d u , . gov .),
, (. . , . e d u . e s .).
, cookie, b a l i . v a c a t i o n s . c o m ,
m e x i c o . v a c a t i o n s . com.
, c o o k i e . s e t Domain ( " . v a c a t i o n s . c o m " ) .
public int getMaxAge()
public void setMaxAge(int lifetime)
setMaxAge , a getMaxAge
cookie, .. ( ), cookie
. ,
, , cookie
(.. , )
. 19.25
C o o k i e L o n g L i v e d C o o k i e ,
, . ,
cookie .
1 9 . 1 1 . Cookie
885
public String getName()

public void setName(String cookieName)
cookie.
cookie,
. ,
Cookie, setName, , .
setName, getName cookie,
. )^ g e t C o o k i e s H t t p S e r v l e t Request Cookie,
.
getName, getValue.
getCookieValue,
19.24.
public String getPathO
public void setPath(String path)
s e t P a t h , a g e t P a t h ,
cookie. , cookie
, , ,
, . ,
cookie h t t p : / / e c o m m e r c e . s i t e . c o m /
t o y s / s p e c i a l s . html, h t t p : //ecommerce.
s i t e . c o m / t o y s / b i k e s / b e g i n n e r s . h t m l ,
h t t p : / / e c o m m . e r c e . s i t e . c o m / c d s / c l a s s i c a l . h t m l . s e t P a t h
cookie. , someCookie . s e t P a t h ( " / " ) , cookie
. , ,
, . . cookie,
. , , h t t p : / / w w w . m y s e r v e r . c o m /
s t o r e / c u s t - s e r v i c e / r e q u e s t , / s t o r e / ( / s t o r e /
/ s t o r e / c u s t - s e r v i c e / ) , / s t o r e / c u s t - s e r v i c e /
r e t u r n s / ( / s t o r e / c u s t - s e r v i c e / ) .
public boolean getSecure()
public void setSecure(boolean secureFlag)
s e t S e c u r e ,
g e t Secure .
, , cookie
(SSL) . f a l s e , . . cookie
^.
public String getValue()
public void setValue(String cookieValue)
s e t V a l u e , a g e t V a l u e ,
cookie. , cookie -
886
19. Java :
,
(.. cookie
).
public int getVersionO
p u b l i c void setVersion(int v e r s i o n )
s e t V e r s i o n , a g e t V e r s i o n ,
cookie. ,
Netscape ( h t t p : //www. n e t s c a p e . com/
n e w s r e f / s t d / c o o k i e _ s p e c . h t m l ) . 1, ,
, ^ RFC 2109 (
RFC h t t p : //www. r f c - e d i t o r . o r g / ) .
cookie
19.22 . 19.14 S e t C o o k i e s ,
cookie.
, .. .
, ,
.
19.23 , ,
cookie, . . 19.15 S e t C o o k i e s . . 19.16 )^, S e t C o o k i e s .
19.22.SetCookies.Java
p a c k a g e cwp;
import java.io.*;
/
*
*
*
*
cookie.
(
, ).
(
).
V
public class SetCookies extends HttpServlet {
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
/ / maxAge -1, ..
// cookie
// .
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("Session-Cookie-" + i,
"Cookie-Value-S" + i ) ;
response.addCookie(cookie);
1 9 . 1 1 . Cookie
cookie s= new Cookie("Persistent-Cookie-" + i ,

"Cookie-Value-P" + i ) ;
// Cookie ,
/ / .
cookie.setMaxAge(3600);
}
String title = "Setting Cookies";
out.println
(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle(title) +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>\n" +
"There are six cookies associated with this page.\n" +
"To see them, visit the\n" +
"<A HREF=\"/servlet/cwp.ShowCookies\">\n" +
"<CODE>ShowCookies</CODE> servlet</A>.\n" +
"<P>\n" +
"Three of the cookies are associated only with the\n" +
"current session, while three are persistent.\n" +
"Quit the browser, restart, and return to the\n" +
"<CODE>ShowCookies</CODE> servlet to verify that\n" +
"the three long-lived ones persist across sessions.\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
1^1'|1
te
^mi
FavoKes
loefe
Setting Cookies
~3
There are six cookies associated with this page. To see them, visit
the showCooicieg setvlst.
Three of the cookies are associated only with the current session,
vûe three are persistent. Quit the browser, restart, and return to the
ShowCooJcies servlet to verify that the three long-lived ones persist
across sessions.
l^Done
Loca intranet
, 19.14.
SetCookies
1 9 . 2 3 . S h o w C o o k i e s . J a v a
package cwp;
import java.io.*;
/** cookie,
887
888
19. Java :
public class ShowCookies extends HttpServlet {

String title = "Active Cookies";
out.println(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle(title) +
"<BODY BGG0L0R=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
'<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</Hl>\n" +
'<TABLE B0RDER=1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">\n" +
'<TR BGCOLOR=\"#FFAD00\">\n" +
<TH>Cookie Name\n" +
<TH>Cookie Value");
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies () ;
if (cookies != null) {
Cookie cookie;
for(int i=0 ; Kcookies . length; i++) {
cookie = cookies[i];
out.println("<TR>\n" +
" <TD> + cookie.getName0 + "\n" +
" <TD> + cookie.getValue());
}
}
out.println("</TABLE></BODY></HTML>")
F3e
x^J
.*
' ^
View
Fs\'Of4e*
Joote
fef:fgHW*ff 5
File
Heto
..J_I]4 -^llJ _>^ J '
Linki ** ;
E*
'
View
Help
J J ^ _ ^ -._i' ^ _^ '
FdvofAes
loots
Links **
Ji
Active Cookies
Active Cooldes
Cooki? Katm
Session-Cookie-0
Cookie Vn]u
Cookie-Value-SO
Persistent-Coobe-O Cookie-Value-PO
Persistent-Cookie-0 Coobe-Value-PO
P ersistent- okic -1 okie - Value -P1
Session-Coobe-1
Persistent-Cookie-2 Cookie-Value-P2
Coobe-Value-Sl
Persistent-Cookie-1 Coobe-Value-Pl
Session-Cookie-2
Cooloe-Value-S2
Persistent-Co -2 Cookie-Value-P2
J
;^Done
Igi Loccil ir*ari8t
Pvic. 19.15.
ShowCookies
SetCookies.

Ôone
|sjLoe^*afiet
'
. 19.16.

ShowCookies
SetCookies.
SetCookies
19.11. Cookie
889
cookie
,
cookie.
cookie
19.24 S e r v l e t U t i l i t i e s . J a v a ,
cookie .
g e t C o o k i e V a l u e C o o k i e ,
, .
, .
.
Cookie[] cookies = r e q u e s t . g e t C o o k i e s ( ) ;
String color =
ServletUtilities.getCookieValue(cookies,
S t r i n g font =
ServletUtilities.getCookieValue(cookies,
"color",
"font",
"black");
"Arial");
g e t C o o k i e ,
C o o k i e . ,
C o o k i e , .
1 9 , 2 4 . S e r v l e t U t i l i t i e s . Java
p a c k a g e cwp;
// .
/** Cookie
^ . ,
* .
public static String getCookieValue(Cookie[] cookies,
String cookieName,
String defaultValue) {
if (cookies ?= null) {
for(int i=0; Kcookies. length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
if (cookieName.equals(cookie.getName()))
return(cookie.getValue());
}
}
return(defaultValue);
}
/** Cookie
890
*
*
19. Java :
. ,
null.
public static Cookie getCookie(Cookie[] cookies,

String cookieName) {
if (cookies != null) {
for(int i=0; i<cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
if (cookieName.equals(cookie.getName()))
return(cookie);
}
)
return(null);
}
}
cookie
19.25 ,
Cookie, .
19.25. LongLivedCookie. Java
package cwp;
/** cookie, .
* cookie
* .
V
public class LongLivedCookie extends Cookie {
public static final int SECONDS_PER_YEAR = 60*60*24*365;
public LongLivedCookie(String name. String value) {
super(name, value);
setMaxAge(SECONDS_PER_yEAR) ;
}
}
19.12.
,
.
19.12.
891
H T T P .
, Web-,
,
. , ,
,
.
. ,
,
, , ""
"" .
cookie,
URL . ,
, (
, )
.
cookie
cookie .
, :
String sessionID = makeUniqueString();
H a s h t a b l e s e s s i o n l n f o = new H a s h t a b l e O ;
Hashtable globalTable = f i n d T a b l e S t o r i n g S e s s i o n s ( ) ;
globalTable.put(sessionID, sessionlnfo);
Cookie s e s s i o n C o o k i e = new C o o k i e ( " J S E S S I O N I D " , s e s s i o n I D ) ;
sessionCookie.setPathC'/") ;
response.addCookie(sessionCookie);
g l o b a l T a b l e ,
, cookie,
, .
, , ,
API, .
cookie ,
.
cookie.
-.
URL
URL, ,
, .
, ,
. , URL h t t p : / / h o s t / p a t h / f i l e . h t m l ; j s e s s i o n i d = 1 2 3 4 -
892
19. Java :
(j s e s s i o n i d = 1 2 3 4 ) .
, ,
, cookie. ,
cookie,
. , , ,
, URL, )^ (
URL, L o c a t i o n ),
.
, , , .

HTML- .
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="session" VALUE=",..">

GET POST .
. ,
.

" API H t t p S e s s i o n .
cookie URL.
cookie, cookie ,
URL.
, API.
).
API
,
, , ,
.
URL, URL,
.
HttpSession,
H t t p S e s s i o n g e t S e s s i o n
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t .
cookie, , , URL,

H t t p S e s s i o n . "" ; ,
, g e t S e s s i o n .
n u l l , ,
19.12.
893
. ,
g e t S e s s i o n t r u e .
:
HttpSession s e s s i o n = r e q u e s t . g e t S e s s i o n ( t r u e ) ;
,
g e t S e s s i o n ,
isNew.
,
H t t p S e s s i o n
cookie URL.

. 2.1 API
, , s e s s i o n . g e t V a l u e ( " a t t r i b u t e " ).
g e t V a l u e Object,
. n u l l ,
. , HttpSession^
g e t V a l u e .
2.2 API g e t V a l u e .
g e t At t r i b u t e ,
s e t A t t r i b u t e ( 2.1 g e t V a l u e putValue).
H t t p S e s s i o n .
, ShoppingCart
.
ShoppingCart c a r t =
(ShoppingCart)session.getAttribute("shoppingCart") ;
if ( c a r t == n u l l ) { / / ""
c a r t = new ShoppingCart();
session.setAttribute("shoppingCart", cart);
}
doSomethingWith(cart) ;

. ,
getValueNames, . 2.1
. 2.2
g e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e s , Enumeration.
getHeaderNames getParameterFames
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t .
, , ,
, H t t p S e s s i o n .
.
894
19. Java :
public Object getValue(String name)

public Object getAttribute(String name)
.
,
n u l l . 2.1 API ,
g e t V a l u e . 2.2 g e t V a l u e ;
g e t A t t r i b u t e .
public void putValue(String name, Object value)
public void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
. 2.1
putValue, 2.2 s e t A t t r i b u t e (putValue
). , putValue s e t A t t r i b u t e ,
H t t p S e s s i o n B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r ,
valueBound. ,
H t t p S e s s i o n B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r , valueUnbound.
public void removeValue(String name)
public void removeAttribute(String name)
, .
H t t p S e s s i o n B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r ,
valueUnbound. 2.1
removeValue. 2.2 r e m o v e A t t r i b u t e ;
removeValue ,
.
public String[] getValueNamesO
public Enumeration getAttributeNames()
, .
2.1, getValueNames. 2.2
; g e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e s .
public String getld()
g e t Id .
.
public boolean isNew()
t r u e ,
.
f a l s e .
public long getCreationTimeO
getCreationTime , 1
1970 . (GMT) .
19.12.
895
, ,
Date s e t T i m e l n M i l l i s GregorianCalendar.
public long getLastAccessedTimeO
, 1
1970 . (GMT)
.
public int getMaxInactiveInterval()
public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int seconds)
,
.
.
, .
, -, ,
, .
public void invalidate()
.

, , ,
g e t V a l u e ( 2.1) g e t At t r i b u t e ( 2.2).
, p u t Value
s e t A t t r i b u t e .
. g e t A t t r i b u t e s e t A t t r i b u t e
g e t / s e t JavaBeans API.
, , ,
, H t t p S e s s i o n B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r .
p u t Value s e t A t t r i b u t e valueBound.
, p u t V a l u e s e t A t t r i b u t e
. , ,
removeValue ( 2.1) remove At t r i b u t e (
2.2). , H t t p S e s s i o n
B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r , valueUnbound.
,
(. r e f e r r i n g P a g e ).
, (.
p r e v i o u s Items ). ,
ShoppingCart addltem,
"", C a t a l o g g e t l t e m ,
, , .
HttpSession s e s s i o n = r e q u e s t . g e t S e s s i o n ( t r u e ) ;
session.setAttribute("referringPage",
rec[uest.getHeader ("Referer")) ;
896
19. Java :
ShoppingCart cart =
(ShoppingCart)session.getAttribute("previousltems");
if (cart == null) { // ""
cart = new ShoppingCart();
session.setAttribute("previousltems", cart);
}
String itemID = request.getParameter("itemID");
if (itemID != null) {
cart.addItem(Catalog.getItem(itemID));
}
,
s e t M a x I n a c t i v e I n t e r v a l , .
. ,
H t t p S e s s i o n B i n d i n g L i s t e n e r , v a l u e U n b o u n d .
,
, i n v a l i d a t e .
URL,
URL
URL, , ,
. JSP
URL, cookie ,
URL, . URL
. -, URL, Web-,
. URL encodeURL
H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e . ,
URL, .
, URL .
S t r i n g originalURL = someRelativeOrAbsoluteURL;
S t r i n g encodedURL = r e s p o n s e . e n c o d e U R L ( o r i g i n a l U R L ) ;
o u t . p r i n t l n ( " < A HREF=\"" + encodedURL 4- " \ " > . . . </A>") ;
-, URL, ,
s e n d R e d i r e c t (.. L o c a t i o n ).
, ,
encodeURL . H t t p S e r v l e t
R e s p o n s e e n c o d e R e d i r e c t U R L ,
.
S t r i n g o r i g i n a l U R L = someURL; / / 2 . 2
/ / URL
S t r i n g encodedURL = r e s p o n s e . e n c o d e R e d i r e c t U R L ( o r i g i n a l U R L ) ;
response.sendRedirect(encodedURL);
,
, ,
URL, .
1 9 . 1 2 .
897

: URL,
, response. encodeURL response,
encodeRedlrectURL, ,
.
19.26 ,
.
r e q u e s t . g e t S e s s i o n ( t r u e ) , ,
. ( I n t e g e r ) a c c e s s C o u n t .
, .

p u t V a l u e . , HTML-,
. . 19.17 19.18
, .
19.26. ShowSession. Java
p a c k a g e cwp;
import
import
import
import
import
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
java.net.*;
java.util.*;
/** . */
public class ShowSession extends HttpServlet {
String title = "Session Tracking Example";
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
String heading;
Integer accessCount =
(Integer)session.getAttribute("accessCount");
if (accessCount == null) {
accessCount = new Integer(0);
heading = "Welcome, Newcomer";
} else {
heading = "Welcome Back";
accessCount = new Integer(accessCount.intValue() + 1)
}
// putValue setAttribute.
898
19. Java :
session.setAttribute("accessCount", accessCount);
out.println(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle(title) +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + heading + "</Hl>\n" +
"<H2>Information on Your Session:</H2>\n" +
"<TABLE B0RDER=1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">\n" +
"<TR BGCOLOR=\"#FFAD00\">\n" +
" <TH>Info Type<TH>Value\n" +
"<TR>\n" +
" <TD>ID\n" +
" <TD>" + session. getldO + "\n" +
"<TR>\n" +
" <TD>Creation Time\n" +
ft
<TD>"
new Date(session.getCreationTime()) + "\n" +

"<TR>\n" +
" <TD>Time of Last AccessXn" +
" <TD>" +
new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime() ) + "\n" 4
"<TR>\n" +
" <TD>Nuinber of Previous Accesses\n" +
" <TD>" + accessCount + "\n" +
"</TABLE>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
/** GET POST . */

}
': Session Trackinq Example - Netscape
ie Edit ){few 00 Uwnrmmlaator Ijiefp
SSi
Welcome, Newcomer
Information on Your Session:
i
Vrttae
ID
Tol010mC6608409833952431At
Creation Time
Mon Apr 16 10:41:25 EDT 2001
Time of Last Access
Mon Apr 16 10:41:25 EDT 2001

Number of Previous Accesses 0
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Welcome Back
Information on Your Session:
Tol010mC6608409833952431At
Creation Time
Mon Apr 16 10:41:25 EDT 2001
Time of Last Access
Mon Apr 16 10:44:54 EDT 2001
Number of Previous Accesses 10

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. 19.18.
ShowSession.

19.13.
, ,
CGI-
, . ,
: HTML-.
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, , .
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.
JSP, .
JAVASERVER PAGES
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, .
,
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JavaBeans.
.
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) .
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h t t p : / / h o s t / O r d e r C o n f i r m a t i o n . j s p ? t i t l e = C o r e - i Web-t-Programming 1, " T h a n k s f o r o r
d e r i n g C o r e Web P r o g r a m m i n g " .
Thanks f o r o r d e r i n g <!><%= r e q u e s t . g e t P a r a m e t e r ( " t i t l e " )
%></!>
no HTML-
. , ,
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ASP, PHP ColdFusion. 20.2 JSP
, . -,
JSP , JSP,
. -, JSP
.
JavaServer Pages, Web, ,
. Web-, JSP.
, ,
. j s p , JSP (
). ,
,
CLASS PATH. -
902
2 0 . JavaServer P a g e s
, ,
JSP Java.
,
19.2.
JSP- HTML, , .
HTML- , . ,
JSP .
, JSP, ,
JSP .
, JSP-
.
JSP, .
JSP,
, .
HTML- . Internet Explorer 5
,
"". JSP
Internet Explorer 5.0.
Tools (), Internet Options ( ),
Advanced () Show friendly HTTP
error m e s s a g e s ( HTTP).

JSP, , Internet
.
^^
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, .
,
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2.2 . JSP 1.1,
, Servlet
2.2, , JSP 1.0. JSP 1.0
JSP 1.1.
2 0 . 2 . JSP
903
20.2. JSP
Java
. .
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Active Server Pages (ASP) , Microsoft
, JSP. JSP
Java, ,
VbScript, ASP. JSP
ASP; ,
. , JSP
. JSP,
Windows NT/2000 IIS, ASP.
, JSP ColdFusion.
JSP
,
, HTML-. ,
JSP Java. ,
API ,
.
, .
JSP JSP
.
JSP
JSP ,
. JSP
, HTML- ,
p r i n t In,
HTML- . , HTML-
JSP
. Web-, ,
HTML- , Web-
.
.
,
JSP ? . JSP
.
L JSP- .
JSP, .
904
2. JSP HTML-, Java. Java- , .

3. , JSP.
JSP ,
HTML- .
, Web, ,
.
4. , JSP,
JSP. JSP
20.8.
JSP SSI
SSI
Web-. SSI, JSP
. SSI
, JSP
,
.
JSP JavaScript
JavaScript ( Java)
HTML- . JavaScript
, JSP
( ). JavaScript
, JSP ,
.
20.3. JSP
,
JSP, . .
L , "<%= %>".
.
2. , "<% %>".
_ j s p S e r v i c e , s e r v i c e .
3. , "<% ! %>".
.
.
JSP-
HTML-, . HTML-,
. -
2 0 . 3 . JSP
905
,
Web-. JSP,
, Allaire HomeSite.
. , "<%",
"<\%". -, ,
JSP ,
:
<%-- JSP --%>
HTML,

HTML-.
JSP- ,
.
<ô=
Java %>
,
.
, , . ,
1 JSP:
C u r r e n t t i m e : <%= new J a v a . u t i l . D a t e () %>
j s p S e r v i c e ( s e r v i c e )
:
out.print("Current time: " ) ;
out.println(new Java.util.Date ());

; , ,
. (
.)
request H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t .
response H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e .
session H t t p S e s s i o n , (
s e s s i o n p a g e . 20.4).
out P r i n t W r i t e r , .
.
Your h o s t n a m e : <%= r e q u e s t . g e t R e m o t e H o s t ( )
%>
906
2 0 . JavaServer Pages
XML
,
JSP-.
:
<jsp:expression>
Java</jspiexpression>
JSP 1.1
. , JSP 1.2,
, ASP (<%= . . . %>). HTML-, XML-
; j s p : e x p r e s s i o n
.
JSP-

CLASS PATH .
URL. ,
JSP , HTML-,
. JSP URL,
Web-, .
JSP URL,
( h o s t ).
, T o m c a t
install_dir\webapps\ROOT
install_dir\webapps\ROOT\anyDir
URL Tomcat
http://host/filename.jsp
http://host/anyDir/filename.jsp
, J R u n
install_di\servers\default\default-app
install_dir\servers\default\default-app\anyDir
URL JRun
http://host/filename.jsp
http://host/anyDir/filename.jsp
2 0 . 3 . JSP
907
JSP ,
Java-, JSP,
(, . . . / W E B - I N F / c l a s s e s ) .
JSP
10.1 JSP-, . 20.1
. Tomcat JSP i n s t a l l _ d i r \
webapps\ROOT\cwp\Expressions . j sp;
URL h t t p : / / h o s t / c w p / E x p r e s s i o n s . j sp. ,
LINK.
. -, HTML-
p r i n t I n . JSP
,
. -,
URL, URL Web -. JSP- , HTML, URL
. , , LINK,
, JSP-. . e s s
h t t p : / /www. c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/.
2 0 , 1 . E x p r e s s i o n s . j sp
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>JSP E x p r e s s i o n s < / T I T L E >
CONTENT="JSP,expressions,JavaServer,Pages,servlets">
<META N A M E = " d e s c r i p t i o n "
CONTENT="A q u i c k e x a m p l e of JSP e x p r e s s i o n s . " >
HREF="JSP-Styles . e s s "
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>JSP E x p r e s s i o n s < / H 2 >
<UL>
< L I > C u r r e n t t i m e : <%= new j a v a . u t i l . D a t e ( ) %>
<LI>Your h o s t n a m e : <%= r e c j u e s t . g e t R e m o t e H o s t ( ) %>
<LI>Your s e s s i o n ID: <%= s e s s i o n . g e t l d O %>
<LI>The <CODE>testParam</CODE> form p a r a m e t e r :
<%= r e q u e s t . g e t P a r a m e t e r ( " t e s t P a r a m " ) %>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
908
te i *
Convaunicato
; ^^ ^ 3 J>!t i ^ ^:f rf Q^ ^
JSP Expressions
Current time: Mon Aug 07 15:06:27 EDT 2000
Your hostname: 127.0.0,1
Your session : Tol010mC22565256379010112At
The t e s t P a r am form parameter: null
. 20.1.
'^ - i i
-..
Expressions.jsp
, ,
.
Java- _ j s p S e r v i c e ( s e r v i c e ) .
:
<% Java-
%>
, ,
( r e q u e s t , r e s p o n s e , s e s s i o n , o u t ..). , ,
,
o u t .
<%
String queryData = request.getQueryString();
out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData);
%>
,
}^ :
A t t a c h e d GET d a t a :
<%= r e q u e s t . g e t Q u e r y S t r i n g ( )
%>
)^
, .
,
, ,
, .. ,
, , ,
HTML-:
<% r e s p o n s e . s e t C o n t e n t T y p e ( " t e x t / p l a i n " ) ;
%>
,
JSP, (

). , JSP
( J s p W r i t e r ) , .
; 20.4.
20.3.
JSP
909
JSP , , JSP, 20.2.

bgColor, .
JSP . 20.2 20.3.
20.2.
BGColor.jsp

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Color Testing</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<%
String bgColor = request.getParameter("bgColor");
boolean hasExplicitColor = true;
if (bgColor == null) {
hasExplicitColor = false;
bgColor = "WHITE";
}
%>
<BODY BGCOLOR="<%= bgColor %>">
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Color Testing</H2>
<%
if (hasExplicitColor) {
out.println("You supplied an explicit background color of " +
bgColor +
".");
} else {
out.println("Using default background color of WHITE. " +
"Supply the bgColor request attribute to try " +
"a standard color or RRGGBB value, or to see " +
"if your browser supports Xll color names.");
}
%>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Color Testing
You supplied axi exphcit background c'.;!or of COCOCO.
Using default background color of "WHTTE. Supply the bgColor

request attnbute to try a standard color or KE.GGBB value, or to
see if your browser supports XI1 color names
J:
l^jOone
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f si Local TiistvA
. 20.2. ,
BGColor. j sp
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bgColor RGB-
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HTML JSP .
, HTML-
_ j s p S e r v i c e , JSP. ,
, , HTML-
( p r i n t l n ) JSP
. JSP-:
<% i f
Have
<% }
Have
<% }
(Math.random < 0.5)

<B>nice</B> day!
else { %>
a <B>lousy</B> day!
%>
{ %>

:
if
(Math.random < 0.5) {

out.println("Have a <B>nice</B> day!");
} else {
out.println("Have a <B>lousy</B> day!");
}

,
. -, '*%>",
**%\>". -, <% Java-
%> XML-. :
<jsp:scriptlet>Java-o</jsp:scriptlet>
, ,
JSP 1.2, j s p : s c r i p t l e t -
JSP (
j s p S e r v i c e , s e r v i c e ) .
:
<%! Java-
%>
,
JSP- . ,
, . , ,
,
( s e r v i c e , d o G e t , i n i t ..). , -
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911
JSP. ,
s e r v i c e , d o G e t do P o s t , s e r v i c e
_ j s p S e r v i c e , ,
.
j s p l n i t j s p D e s t r o y .
i n i t d e s t r o y .

JSP
jsplnit
jspDestroy.
JSP-,
( ).
,
, s e r v i c e
. ,
S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l . S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l 19.4
20.4 i s T h r e a d S a f e
p a g e .
, , a c c e s s C o u n t
s t a t i c .
<%! p r i v a t e i n t a c c e s s C o u n t = 0; %>
Accesses t o page s i n c e s e r v e r r e b o o t :
<%= +-i-accessCount %>
JSP 20.3,
. 20.4.
1 0 . 3 . A c c e s s C o u n t s . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>JSP D e c l a r a t i o n s < / T I T L E >
CONTENT^"JSP,declarations,JavaServer,Pages,servlets">
CONTENT="A q u i c k e x a m p l e of JSP d e c l a r a t i o n s . " >
HREF="JSP-Styles.ess"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>JSP Declarations</Hl>
<%? private int accessCount = 0 ; %>
<H2>Accesses to page since server reboot:
<%= ++accessCount %></H2>
</BODY>
</HTML>
912
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Accesses to page since server
reboot: 10
; ^ b ^ '
. >;* '^^ . \^
. 20.4.
AccessCounts. j sp

,
"%>", "% \ > " . XML- <% ! Java- %>
:
<j s p : d e c l a r a t i o n > J a v a - < / j s p : d e c l a r a t i o n >

JSP- ,
,
. ,
, _ j s p S e r v i c e ,
. r e q u e s t ,
r e s p o n s e , o u t , s e s s i o n , a p p l i c a t i o n , config,pageContext page.
request
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t ,
. (, GET
POST) .
response
r e s p o n s e H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e ,
, . (.
o u t ) , JSP,
. ,
.
out
P r i n t W r i t e r ,
. JSP
r e s p o n s e , P r i n t W r i t e r
J s p W r i t e r .
b u f f e r p a g e . o u t -
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913
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o u t .
session
H t t p S e s s i o n , .
,
, ,
s e s s i o n p a g e .
s e s s i o n
JSP .
application
a p p l i c a t i o n S e r v l e t C o n t e x t ,
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t . JSP
S e r v l e t C o n t e x t , ,
. S e r v l e t C o n t e x t
s e t At t r i b u t e g e t A t t r i b u t e ,
, .
( Web-).
config
S e r v l e t C o n f i g .
pageContext
JSP P a g e C o n t e x t ,

. p a g e C o n t e x t P a g e C o n t e x t ,
.
page
t h i s
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20.4. page
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,
, .
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914
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<%0 d i r e c t i v e a t t r i b u t e l = " v a l u e l "
attribute2="value2"
a t t r i b u t e N = " v a l u e N " %>
JSP : p a g e , i n c l u d e t a g l i b .
p a g e ,
,
. p a g e ;
. ,
i n c l u d e ,
JSP . ,
. i n c l u d e
20.5. JSP 1.1 ,
t a g l i b , .
20.7.
p a g e : i m p o r t , c o n t e n t T y p e ,
isThreadSafe, session, buffer, autoflush, extends, info, errorPage, isErrorPage
l a n g u a g e . ( ) .
import
i m p o r t p a g e ,
, JSP-.
, j a v a . l a n g . *, j a v a x . s e r v l e t . *,
j a v a x . s e r v l e t . j s p . *, j a v a x . s e r v l e t . h t t p . * , , ,
. JSP,
, ,
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:
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " p a c k a g e . c l a s s " %>
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " p a c k a g e . c l a s s l , . . . , p a c k a g e . c l a s s N "
%>
, ,
, , , J a v a . u t i l ,
.
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " J a v a . u t i l . * " %>
i m p o r t p a g e ,
.
p a g e
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915
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.
20.4 JSP-, ,
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, :
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " J a v a . u t i l . * , c w p . * " %>
Ha . 20.5 20.6 JSP.
20.4. ImportAttribute. j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The i m p o r t A t t r i b u t e < / T I T L E >
HREF="JSP-Styles.CSS"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2>The i m p o r t A t t r i b u t e < / H 2 >
<% JSP p a g e d i r e c t i v e %>
<%( p a g e import" j a v a . u t i l . * , c w p . *" %>
<% %>
<%!
p r i v a t e S t r i n g randomlDO {
i n t num = ( i n t ) ( M a t h . r a n d o m { ) * 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 ) ;
r e t u r n ( " i d " + num);
}
private final String NO_VALUE = "<I>No Value</I>";

%>
.<%-- --%>
<%
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String oldlD =
ServletUtilities.getCookieValue(cookies, "userID", NO^VALUE);
if (oldlD.equals(NO_VALUE)) {
String newID = randomlDO;
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("userlD", newID);
}
%>
<%-- --%>
This page was accessed on <%= new Date() %> with a userlD
cookie of <%= oldlD %>.
</BODY>
</HTML>
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. 20.6.
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contentType
c o n t e n t T y p e C o n t e n t Type, 1- , .
MIME- 19.10.
MIME- . 19.1.
c o n t e n t T y p e :
<%@ page contentType="MIME-Type" %>
<%@ page contentType="MIME-Type; charset=Character-Set" %>
,
<%@ page contentType="application/vnd.ms-excel" %>
, :
<%
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel")
%>
, 1- t e x t / p l a i n ,
JSP t e x t / h t m l ( ISO-8859-1).
20.5 JSP-, ,
. . 20.7
Internet Explorer.
, Microsoft Office.
2 0 , 5 . E x c e l . j s p
Email AddressFirst
Last
h a l l @ c o r e w e b p r o g r a r n m i n g . com
Marty
Hall
brown@corewebprogramming.com
Larry
Brown
gates@sun.com
Bill
Gates
Larry
Ellison ellison@microsoft.com
<%@ p a g e c o n t e n t T y p e = " a p p l i c a t i o n / v n d . m s - e x c e l " %>
<% T h e r e a r e t a b s , n o t s p a c e s , b e t w e e n c o l u m n s . %>
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. 20.7. Excel ( E x c e l . j sp),

Internet Explorer
isThreadSafe
i s T h r e a d S a f e , ,
JSP, S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l .
:
<%0 p a g e i s T h r e a d S a f e = " t r u e " %> <%-- %>
<%@ p a g e i s T h r e a d S a f e = " f a l s e " %>
.
, ,
.
, -
. }^ (, ,
) ,
, (,
) . ,

, idNum
,
.
<%! private int idNum = 0; %>
<%
String userlD = "userlD" + idNum;
out.println ("Your ID is " 4- userlD + " . " ) ;
idNum = idNum + 1;
%>
,
synchronized.
, ,
,
. s y n c h r o n i z e d
:
<%! private int idNum = 0; %>
<%
918
synchroni zed(thi s) {
String userlD = "userlD" + idNum;
out.println("Your ID is " + userlD + " . " ) ;
idNum = idNum + 1;
}
%>
S i n g l e T h r e a d M o d e l , ,

. ,
, ,
.
<%@ p a g e i s T h r e a d S a f e = " f a l s e " %>, ,
,
, JSP, S i n g l e T h r e a d
Model. t r u e , ..

.
session
s e s s i o n , . :
<%@ p a g e s e s s i o n = " t r u e " %> <% --%>
<%@ p a g e s e s s i o n = " f a l s e " %>
t r u e , s e s s i o n
( H t t p S e s s i o n ) ,
. ,
s e s s i o n . f a l s e ,
. s e s s i o n
, JSP .
. ,
, .
,
, .
buff
b u f f e r , ,
o u t (
J s p W r i t e r , P r i n t W r i t e r ) .
:
<%@ p a g e b u f f e r = " p a 3 M e p k b " %>
<%@ p a g e b u f f e r = " n o n e " %>
, , ,
. , <%@ p a g e b u f f e r = " 3 2 k b "
20.4. page
919
%> ,
, , ,
32 , , .
, 8 .
, . ,
,
, HTML-.
autoflush
a u t o f l u s h ,
,
.
:
<%(? p a g e a u t o f l u s h = " t r u e " %> <% %>
<%@ p a g e a u t o f l u s h = " f a l s e " %>
aTpH6yTbuf f e r = " n o n e " , f a l s e .
extends
e x t e n d s , JSP,
:
<%@ p a g e e x t e n d s = " p a c k a g e . c l a s s " %>
,
, .
info
i n f o , g e t S e r v l e t I n f o . .
<%@ p a g e i n f o = " "
%>
errorPage
e r r o r P a g e JSP (
T h r o w a b l e ) ,
. :
<%@ p a g e errorPage="_(7/?" %>
JSP, ,
e x c e p t i o n .
920
isErrorPage
,
JSP- .
i s E r r o r P a g e :
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
<%@ page isErrorPage="false" %> <%-- % >
language
, l a n g u a g e
, :
<%@ p a g e l a n g u a g e = " c o b o l " %>
,
Java .
1\/'
XML-.
:
< j s p : d i r e c t i v e . _ =""
/>
, XML-
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " j a v a . u t i l . * " %>
:
<jsp:directive.page
import="Java.util.*"
/>
20.5.
JSP-
JSP
.
L include. JSP-
, .
, JSP-
,
C o n t e n t - T y p e . .
2. jsp:include. JSP-
,

, JSP. j s p : i n c l u d e
JSP ,
20.5. -
921
.
i n c l u d e , JSP ,
,
. j s p : i n c l u d e
.
3. jspiplugin.
Java, , Java-,
Web-,
, i n t r a n e t .
j s p i p l u g i n JSP , Java PlugIn. .
include:

i n c l u d e JSP.
( ).
:
<%@ i n c l u d e file="_"
%>
, JSP
, ,
j s p : i n c l u d e . .
-, JSP-,
. , , s n i p p e t , j s p
:
<%! int accessCount = 0 ; %>
:
<%@ i n c l u d e f i l e = " s n i p p e t . j s p "
<%= a c c e s s C o u n t + + %>
%> <%-- a c c e s s C o u n t --%>

<%-- a c c e s s C o u n t %>
-, JSP-
.
( ), ,
. JSP 1.1
j s p p r e c o m p i l e ,
JSP . JSP 1.0 .

JSP-.
, ( UNIX t o u c h ) .
JSP-.

. ,
:
922
< % Navbar.jsp modified 3/1/00 % >

<%( include file="Navbar. jsp" %>
!!
JSP-,
JSP- ,
.
, 20.6 JSP-,
,
, . 20.7 ,
, 20.6 .
20.6. C o n t a c t S e c t i o n . j s p
<%@ p a g e i m p o r t = " J a v a . u t i l . D a t e " %>
<% ,
J S P , . --%>
<%!
p r i v a t e i n t accessCount = 0;
p r i v a t e Date accessDate = new D a t e ( ) ;
p r i v a t e S t r i n g accessHost = "<I>No p r e v i o u s a c c e s s < / I > " ;
%>
<P>
<HR>
T h i s p a g e © 2001
<A HREF="http//www.my-company.com/">my-company.com</A>.
T h i s p a g e h a s b e e n a c c e s s e d <%= + + a c c e s s C o u n t %>
t i m e s s i n c e s e r v e r r e b o o t . I t was l a s t a c c e s s e d from
<%= a c c e s s H o s t %> a t <%= a c c e s s D a t e %>.
<% a c c e s s H o s t = r e q u e s t . g e t R e m o t e H o s t ( ) ; %>
<% a c c e s s D a t e = new D a t e O ; %>
2 0 . 7 . S o m e R a n d o m P a g e . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Some Random Page</TITLE>
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="J. Random H a c k e r " >
CONTENT="foo,bar,baz,quux">
CONTENT="Some random Web p a g e . " >
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
20.5. JSP-
923
<TABLE B0RDER=5 ALIGN="CENTER">

<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
Some Random Page</TABLE>
<P>
Information about our products and services.
<P>
Blah, blah, blah.
<P>
Yadda, yadda, yadda.
<%@ include file="ContactSection.jsp" %>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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reboot. It was last accessed from localhost at Mon Apr 16 10:57:51 EDT 2001.
^^'
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. 20.8. SomeRandomPage . j sp
XML- include
XML-
<%@ i n c l u d e f i l e = " . . . " %>
:
<jsp:directive.include
file="..."
/>

i n c l u d e JSP ,

. . j s p : i n c l u d e
JSP-,
. j s p : i n c l u d e )'
JSP-,
924
,
.
, j s p : i n c l u d e .

jsp: include. include ,

.
JSP-, ,
, JSP-. URL
,
JSP. method R e q u e s t D i s p a t c h e r ,
.
j s p : i n c l u d e : p a g e
( URL, ) f l u s h (JSP 1.1
, , t r u e ) :
< j s p : i n c l u d e ="_"
flush="true"
/>
,
20.8. I t e m l . h t m l , I t e m 2 . h t m l I t e m 3 . h t m l
.
. 20.9.
2 0 . 8 . WhatsNew . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>What's New a t JspNews.com</TITLE>
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
W h a t ' s New a t JspNews.com</TABLE>
<P>
Here is a summary of our three most recent news stories:
<0L>
<LI><jsp:include page="news/lteml.html" flush="true" />
<LI><jsp:include page="news/ltem2.html" flush="true" />
<LI><jsp:include page="news/Item3.html" flush="true" />
</0L>
</BODY>
</HTML>
20.5. JSP-AOicyMeHTOB
925
20.9. Iteml .html

<B>Bill Gates acts humble.</B> In a startling and unexpected
development, Microsoft big wig Bill Gates put on an open act of
humility yesterday.
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/Never.html">More details...</A>
20.10. Item2.html
<B>Scott McNealy acts serious.</B> In an unexpected twist,
wisecracking Sun head Scott McNealy was sober and subdued at
yesterday's meeting.
<A HREF="http://www.sun.com/Imposter.html">More details...</A>
20.11. Item3. html

<B>Larry Ellison acts conciliatory.</B> Catching his competitors
off guard yesterday, Oracle prez Larry Ellison referred to his
rivals in friendly and respectful terms.
<A HREF="http://www.oracle.com/Mistake.html">More details...</A>
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Here is a summary of our three most recent news stories:
1.
2.
3.
Gates acts humble. In a startling and unexpected development, Microsoft

big wig Gates put on an open act of humility yesterday. More details...
Scott McNealy acts serious. In an unexpected twist, wisecracking Sun head
Scott McNealy was sober and subdued at yesterday's meeting. More details...
L a n y Ellison acts concliatoiy. Catching his competitors off guard yesterday,
Oracle prez Larry Hlison referred to his rivals in friendly and respectful terms
More details.
J
%Oci^
;|^toca< intrant
. 20.9.

, Java Plug-In
JSP
, HTML-
APPLET. i n t r a n e t ,
Netscape 6, JDK 1.1 JDK
1.02, Netscape 4.x, Internet Explorer 5.x
926
Java 2 (.. JDK 1.2 1.3).

.
Swing Swing- .

Internet Explorer 3 Netscape 3.x 4.01 4.05 (
J D K 1.02).
Java 2D.
c o l l e c t i o n s .
,
Java 2 ,
.
, Sun
Netscape Internet Explorer, Java 2
. Java Plug-In h t t p : / / j a v a .
s u n . c o m / p r o d u c t s / p l u g i n / , , JDK 1.2.2
. Java Plug-In
, , WWW
. ,
intranet.
- .
, APPLET Java Plug-In,
, ,
Java.
Internet Explorer
OBJECT, Netscape EMBED. ,
,
, OBJECT EMBED
( EMBED COMMENT OBJECT)
.
.
j s p : p l u g i n ,
Java Plug-In. -,
Web-
OBJECT, EMBED.
jsprplugin
j s p : p l u g i n
: t y p e , c o d e , w i d t h h e i g h t . t y p e
a p p l e t , ,
<APPLET>, :
,
. ,
<APPLET CODE="MyApplet.class"
</APPLET>
20.5. JSP-
927
:
<jsp:plugin type="applet"
code="MyApplet.class"
width="475" height="350">
</jsp:plugin>
j s p i p l u g i n .
( ) , APPLET.
j s p : p l u g i n .
type
a p p l e t . Java Plug-In
Web- JavaBeans.
b e a n .
code
, CODE
<APPLET>, .. , A p p l e t
JApplet.
width
WIDTH
<APPLET> ( ) , .
height
h e i g h t , HEIGHT
<APPLET>, ( ) , .
codebase
, CODEBASE
<APPLET>, .. .
, c o d e .
APPLET, , ,
. JSP ,
JSP-, ,
.
align
ALIGN
<APPLET> <IMG> .
l e f t , r i g h t , t o p , b o t t o m m i d d l e .
hspace
, HSPACE
<APPLET>, ..
.
vspace
, VSPACE
<APPLET>, ..
.
928
archive
a r c h i v e ARCHIVE
<APPLET> JAR-,
.
name
, NAME
<APPLET>, .. .
, , , JavaScript.
title
t i t l e ,
.
TITLE <APPLET> ( HTML, HTML 4.0).
j reversion
Java Runtime
(JRE). L L
Environment
iepluginurl
i e p l u g i n u r l URL Java Plug-In Internet Explorer.
, ,
.
Sun, ^ intranet
Plug-In .
nspluginurl
n s p l u g i n u r l URL Java Plug-In Netscape.
Sun, intranet
Plug-In .
jsp:param jsp:params
j s p : p a r a m j s p r p l u g i n ,
PARAM APPLET, ..
g e t P a r a m e t e r . j s p : p a r a m
. -, j s p : p a r a m XML,
,
, ">",
" / > " . -, j s p : p a r a m
j s p : p a r a m s .
,
<APPLET C O D E = " M y A p p l e t . c l a s s "
<PARAM NAME="PARAM1" VALUE="VALUE1">
<PARAM NAME="PARAiyi2" VALUE="VALUE2">
</APPLET>
20.5. -
929
:
<jsp;plugin
type="applet"
<jsp:params>
< j s p : p a r a m name="PARAMl" value="VALUEl" />
< j s p : p a r a m name="PARAM2" value="VALUE2" />
</jsp:params>
</jsp:plugin>
jsp: fallback
,
OBJECT EMBED. j s p : f a l l b a c k
, APPLET.
,
<APPLET C O D E = " M y A p p l e t . c l a s s "
<B>Error: t h i s example r e q u i r e s
</APPLET>
Java.</B>
:
<jsp:fallback>
<B>Error: this example requires Java.</B>
</jsp:fallback>
</jsp:plugin>
jsp:plugin
20.12 JSP, j s p : p l u g i n
P l u g i n A p p l e t . 20.13-20.15 ,
20.10 .
2 0 . 1 2 . P l u g i n A p p l e t . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using j s p : p l u g i n < / T I T L E >
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Using jsp:plugin</TABLE>
<P>
Transitional//EN">
930
<CENTER>
code="PluginApplet.class"
</j sp:plugin>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
20.13. PluginApplet. Java

/** Swing Java 2D,
* Java Plug-In.
public class PluginApplet extends JApplet {
public void initO {
setContentPane(new TextPanel());
20.14.TextPanel.Java
import java.awt.*;
/** JPanel, ,
* , JComboBox.
public class TextPanel extends JPanel
private JComboBox fontBox;
private DrawingPanel drawingPanel;
public TextPanel0 {
String[] fontNames = env.getAvailableFontFamilyNames();
fontBox = new JComboBox(fontNames);
setLayout(new BorderLayout() ) ;
JPanel fontPanel = new JPanel();
fontPanel.add(new JLabel("Font:"));
fontPanel.add(fontBox);
JButton drawButton = new JButton("Draw");
drawButton.addActionListener(this);
fontPanel.add(drawButton) ;
20.5. JSP-
add(fontPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
drawingPanel = new DrawingPanel();
fontBox.setSelectedltem("Serif");
drawingPanel.setFontName("Serif");
add(drawingPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
drawingPanel.setFontName((String)fontBox.getSelectedItem()
drawingPanel.repaint();
}
20.15.DrawingPanel.java
import java.awt.*;
/** , .
* setFontName.
V
class DrawingPanel extends JPanel {
private Ellipse2D.Double circle =
new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 10, 350, 350);
private GradientPaint gradient =
new GradientPaint(0, 0, Color.red, 180, 180, Color.yellow,
true); // true
private Color[] colors = { Color.white. Color.black };
g2d.setPaint(gradient);
g2d.fill(circle);
g2d.translate(185, 185);
for (int 1=0; i<16; i-f+) {
g2d.rotate(Math.PI/8.0);
g2d.setPaint(colors[i%2]);
g2d.drawstring("jsprplugin", 0, 0 ) ;
}
}
public void setFontName(String fontName) {
setFont(new Font(fontName, Font.BOLD, 35));
931
932
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20.6. JavaBeans JSP

JavaBeans API Java-.

,
;
.
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,
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h t t p : / / j a v a . s u n . c o m / b e a n s / d o c s / .
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, ,
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).
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.
. ,
.
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933
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). -,
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( v o i d , ).
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i s X x x , , l e a s e d
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), s e t L e a s e d (
v o i d , b o o l e a n ) .
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g e t / s e t i s / s e t .
JavaBeans
j s p : u s e B e a n b e a n
o)êeJSP. JavaBeans ,
Java-, JSP.

b e a n .
<jsp:useBean
id="name" c l a s s = " p a c k a g e . C l a s s "
/>
: ,
c l a s s , , i d .
, JSP
<jsp:useBean
id="bookl" class="cwp.Book"
/>
934
<% cwp.Book b o o k l = new c w p . B o o k O ; %>

j s p : u s e B e a n
,
. , s c o p e ,
b e a n , .
JavaBeans
, j s p : u s e B e a n ,
,
i d s c o p e .
c l a s s beanName.
, beanName , ,
. beanName
i n s t a n t i a t e J a v a . b e a n s .Bean.
,
. , ,
b e a n ,
. t y p e , :
<jsp:useBean
i d = " t h r e a d l " class="MyClass" type="Runnable"

_ j s p S e r v i c e :
/>

R u n n a b l e t h r e a d l = new M y C l a s s O ;
j s p : u s e B e a n XML-, )^ HTML: ,

">", "/>"
JSP-, j s p : x x x .
, .
,
. ,
( \ ' ) ' ,
( \ " ) .
'", "%>" "%\>", '*<%" "<\%".
beans
b e a n ,
j s p : g e t P r o p e r t y . j s p : g e t P r o p e r t y ,
i d j s p : u s e B e a n ,
p r o p e r t y , .
, JSP-,
; ,
i d . , , Book
S t r i n g t i t l e b o o k l ,
j s p : u s e B e a n . JSP- t i t l e
:
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
< j s p : g e t P r o p e r t y name="bookl" p r o p e r t y = " t i t l e "

<%= b o o k l . g e t T i t l e O %>
935
/>
,
Web-,
Java.
, , , ,
, , .
, b e a n s , "
f " "
g e t Foe, , ,
s e t F o o ; ,
g e t F o o " .
beans
j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y .
-.
)': name ( i d
j s p : u s e B e a n ) , p r o p e r t y ( , )
v a l u e ( ).
j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y ,
. ,
, ,
,
, .
. ,
t i t l e b o o k l , ,
:
<jsp:setProperty name="bookl"
property="title"
v a l u e = " C o r e Web Programming" / >
<% b o o k l . s e t T i t l e ( " C o r e Web P r o g r a m m i n g " ) ; %>
,
,
,
getXxx s e t X x x .
StrmgBean
20.16 S t r i n g B e a n ,
cwp.
, ,
, b e a n .
S t r i n g B e a n g e t M e s s a g e , S t r i n g
936
setMessage, S t r i n g .
JavaBeans, S t r i n g message.
20.17 JSP-, StringBean.
S t r i n g B e a n j s p : useBean :
<jsp:useBean i d = " s t r i n g B e a n " class="cwp.StringBean" />
message )'
:
< j s p : g e t P r o p e r t y name="stringBean" property="message" />
<%= StringBean.getMessage() %>
message :
<j sp:setProperty name="stringBean"
property="message"
value="some message" />
<% StringBean.setMessage("some message"); %>
. 20.11.
2 0 . 1 6 . S t r i n g B e a n . J a v a
package cwp;
/** bean,
* String message.
V
public class StringBean {
private String message = "No message specified";
public String getMessage() {
return(message);
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
20.17.StringBean.j sp
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using JavaBeans with JSP</TITLE>
HREF="JSP-Styles.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
937

Using JavaBeans with JSP</TABLE>
<jsp:useBean id="stringBean" class="cwp.StringBean" />
<0L>
<LI>Initial value (getProperty):
<I><jsp:getProperty name="stringBean"
property="message" /></!>
<LI>Initial value (JSP expression):
<I><%= stringBean.getMessageO %></I>
<LI><jsp:setProperty name="stringBean"
property="message"
value="Best string bean: Fortex" />
Value after setting property with setProperty:
<I><j sp:getProperty name="stringBean"
property="message"
/></!>
<LI><% StringBean.setMessage("My favorite: Kentucky Wonder"); %>
Value after setting property with scriptlet:
<I><%= StringBean.getMessageO %></I>
</0L>
</BODY>
</HTML>
ng iav^ti^n*
Fte
View
iô
mih JSP - Hetscapp

orTiurc<ato<
:"l :
,f
wuc4rr'3fi<s
^'
<
^^ -h f :i;
Localton jh'tp/.'localbost/
1.
Using JavaBeans with JSP

1
2.
3.
4.
bubal value (getProperty) No message specified

Initial value (JSP expression); No message specified
Value after setting property with setProperty: Best string bean: Fortex
Value after setting property with scnptlet: My favorite: Kentucky Wonder
. 20.11.
StringBean.j sp
beans
beans j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y .
: (
i d j sp:useBean), p r o p e r t y
( , ) v a l u e ( ).
, S a l e E n t r y , 20.18,
itemID ( S t r i n g ) , numiterns ( i n t ) , discountCode ( double),
a , , itemCost t o t a l C o s t
( double). 20.19 JSP-,
S a l e E n t r y )' :
<jsp:useBean i d = " e n t r y " c l a s s = " c w p . S a l e E n t r y " />
. 20.12.
938
bean
itemlD.
<jsp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="itemID"
value='<%= r e q u e s t . g e t P a r a m e t e r ( " i t e m I D " )
%>' />
, v a l u e JSP-.
,
v a l u e name j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y
. ,

( \ ' \ " ) .
2 0 . 1 8 . S a l e E n t r y . J a v a
package cwp;
/** bean,
* jsp:setProperty .
public class SaleEntry {

private String itemID = "unknown";
private double discountCode = 1.0;
private int numltems = 0;
public String getltemlDO {
return(itemID);
}
public void setltemID(String itemID) {
if (itemID != null) {
this.itemID = itemID;
} else {
this.itemID = "unknown";
}
}
public double getDiscountCode() {
return(discountCode) ;
}
public void setDiscountCode(double discountCode) {
this.discountCode = discountCode;
}
public int getNumltems() {
return(numltems);
}
public void setNumltems(int numltems) {
this.numltems = numltems;
}
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
/ /
// .
public double getltemCost() {
double cost;
if (itemlD.equals("al234")) {
cost = 12.99*getDiscountCode0;
} else {
cost = -9999;
}
return(roundToPennies(cost)) ;
}
private double roundToPennies(double cost) {
return(Math.floor(cost*100)/100.0) ;
}
public double getTotalCost() {
return(getltemCost() * getNumltems());
20.19.SaleEntryl.j sp
<1D0CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using jsp:setProperty</TITLE>
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Using jsp:setProperty</TABLE>
<jsp:useBean id="entry" class="cv.SaleEntry" />
<j sp:setProperty
name=" entry "
property="i temID"
value='<%= request.getParameter("itemID") %>' />
<%
int numltemsOrdered = 1 ;
try {
numltemsOrdered =
Integer. parseint (request. getParameter ("niimltems ") ) ;
%>
<j sp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="numiterns"
value="<%= niomltemsOrdered %>" / >
939
940
<%
double discountCode = 1.0;
try {
String discountString =
request.getParameter("discountCode");
// Double.parseDouble JDK 1.1
discountCode =
Double.valueOf(discountString) doubleValue()
%>
<j sp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="discountCode"
value="<%= discountCode %>" />
<BR>
<TABLE ALIGN="CENTER" B0RDER=1>
<TR CLASS="COLORED">
<TH>Item ID<TH>Unit Price<TH>Number Ordered<TH>Total Price
<TR ALIGN="RIGHT">
<TD><jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="itemID" />
<TD>$<jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="itemCost" />
<TD><jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="numltems" />
<TD>$<jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="totalCost" />
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|.,
fee
E<irt
View
tîiiiimifflB
Fgvofî*^
loo4
4?>lp
A^cfeess l ^ j h'tp //1ocalho5t/cwp/SaleEntfyl |sp'?i(enrID=a1234S.numi>ems=27SrdiscQuntCode=0 92 ; ^ |
"3
Usfna ISD:seroDerty
) UmtT'iite *?! Onleie-sl Total 1<?
al234
J 11.95
2'? S32:. 6f.
J
^ D o f
' ^ l o c a l inaie
. 20.12.
SaleEntryl.jsp

itemID ,
S t r i n g . numltems
d i s c o u n t C o d e , ,
g e t P a r a m e t e r S t r i n g .
, numltems.
int numltemsOrdered = 1;
try {
numltemsOrdered =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("numltems"));
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
941
%>
<jsp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="numItems"
value="<%= numltemsOrdered %>" />
, JSP .
,
, . v a l u e
p a r a m , .
;
.
, (
n u l l ) . , ,
n u m l t e r n s , :
<j sp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="numItems"
param="numlterns" />
20.20 JSP-,
.
2 0 . 2 0 . S a l e E n t r y 2 . j s p
<jsp:useBean id="entry" class="cwp.SaleEntry"
<jsp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="itemID"
param="itemID" />
<jsp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="numItems"
param="numlterns" />
<j sp:setProperty
name="entry"
property="discountCode"
param="discountCode" />
/>

b e a n ,
,
( b y t e , i n t , d o u b l e ..) ( ( B y t e , I n t e
g e r , D o u b l e ..). , JSWDK 1.0.1 Java Web Sei'ver 2.0
JSP-,
d o u b l e .
Tomcat .
942

.
, JSP ,
,
. "*" p r o p e r t y .
, j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y 20.20
, . oJSP 20.21.
<jsp:setProperty name="entry" property="*" />
,
. -, ,
, ;
n u l l . -, JSWDK Java Web Server
d o u b l e . -,

.
Web-
. , , ,
.
2 0 . 2 1 . SaleEntiryS . j s p
< j s p : u s e B e a n i d = " e n t r y " c l a s s = " c w p , S a l e E n t r y " />
< j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y name="entry" p r o p e r t y = " * " / >
bean
, ,
j s p : u s e B e a n , _ j s p S e r v i c e .
_ j s p S e r v i c e s e r v i c e , JSP. , s c o p e j s p i u s e B e a n ,
-.
s c o p e .
page
. , ,
, b e a n
P a g e C o n t e x t , )^ .
P a g e C o n t e x t , ,
g e t A t t r i b u t e p a g e C o n t e x t .
application
, ,
, b e a n S e r v l e t C o n t e x t .
a p p l i c a t i o n
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
943
g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t . S e r v l e t C o n t e x t
Web- (, Web-
, , ). ,
S e r v l e t C o n t e x t , g e t A t t r i b u t e . .
-, ,
JSP .
;
.
-, b e a n ,
JSP-.
, , S e r v l e t C o n t e x t ,
JSP-.
20.8.
session
, ,
, b e a n H t t p S e s s i o n ,
)' .
getAttribute.
request
r e q u e s t , ,
, b e a n S e r v l e t R e q u e s t , g e t A t t r i b u t e .

(Model 2). 20.8.
bean
bean
.
-, j s p : u s e B e a n bean
, i d s c o p e .
, , i d .
b e a n ,
. ,
C l a s s C a s t E x c e p t i o n .
-,
<jsp:useBean ... />

:
< j s p : useBean
. . . >/</jsp: us>
j s p : u s e B e a n , ,
,
944
, bean.
bean .
, bean,
. ,
, ,
.
, . ,
20.22 bean,
. ,
, .
:
<jsp:useBean
id="counter"
lass="cwp.AccessCountBean"
scope="application">
< j s p : s e t P r o p e r t y narne="counter"
property="firstPage"
v a l u e = " C u r r e n t Page Name" />
</jsp:useBean>
C o l l e c t i v e l y , t h e pages u s i n g t h e c o u n t e r have been a c c e s s e d
< j s p : g e t P r o p e r t y n a m e = " c o u n t e r " p r o p e r t y = " a c c e s s C o u n t " />
times.
20.23 JSP-, .
h t t p : / / w w w . c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g . com/. Fia . 20.13.
2 0 . 2 2 . AccessCountBean . Java
p a c k a g e cwp;
/** bean,
* scope jspruseBean .
*/
public class AccessCountBean {
private String firstPage;
private int accessCount = 1;
public String getFirstPage() {
return(firstPage);
public void setFirstPage(String firstPage)
this.firstPage = firstPage;
public int getAccessCount() {
return(accessCount++);
20.6. JavaBeans JSP
945
20.23.SharedCountsl.jsp
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Shared Access Counts: Page 1</TITLE>
HREF-"JSP-Styles.ess"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Shared Access Counts: Page 1</TABLE>
<P>
<jsp:useBean id="counter"
class="cwp.AccessCountBean"
scope="application">
<jsp:setProperty name="counter"
property="firstPage"
value="SharedCountsl.jsp" />
</jsp:useBean>
Of SharedCountsl.jsp (this page),
<A HREF="SharedCounts2.j sp">SharedCounts2.j sp</A>, and
<A HREF="SharedCounts3.jsp">SharedCounts3.jsp</A>,
<jsp:getProperty name="counter" property="firstPage" />
was the first page accessed.
<P>
Collectively, the three pages have been accessed
<jsp:getProperty name="counter" property="accessCount" />
times.
</BODY>
</HTML>
l^Sfiafied Uamisi dtec^^p^l

fte iiiw 0 iownuriK^w id*P
Shared Access Counts: Page 3

Of SharcdCounts3 jsp (this page), L^harcdCoui-itcl pp. and
Shcu e iCoutit.^2 :sp. SharedCounts2 jsp was the first page accessed
CoHecbvdy. the three pages have been accessed 13 times.
]^H>"i
voc'jKnsm -Jone
. 20.13.
SharedCounts3 . j sp.

SharedCounts2 . j sp.

SharedCountsl.jsp,
SharedCounts2.j sp
SharedCountsS.j sp,
,
12
946
20.7. JSP-
JSP 1.1 JSP, . ,
, ,
, .
JSP-.

.
,
bean,
. bean
. -, bean,
, JSP. -,

, , bean. -,

, bean. -, bean,
, JSP-
.
. , , B J S P 1.1,
bean KaKjSP 1.0, n J S P 1.1.
,

JSP-
: ,
, ,
XML- , JSP-,
. ,
.

Java-,
,
. j a v a x . s e r v l e t .
j s p . t a g e x t . T a g . ,
T a g S u p p o r t B o d y T a g S u p p o r t . 20.24
, JSP- "Custom t a g
e x a m p l e (cwp. t a g s . E x a m p l e T a g ) ".
, :
. , E x a m p l e T a g
cv/p. t a g s . Tomcat 3
i n s t a l l _ _ d i r / w e b a p p s / R O O T / W E B - I N F / c l a s s e s / c w p / t a g s / E x a m p l e T a g . c l a s s .
20.7. JSP-
947
20.24. ExampleTag. java

package cwp.tags;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
JSP-,
("Custom tag example...").
;
.

taglib JSP-.
V
public class ExampleTag extends TagSupport {
public int doStartTag0 {
try {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
out.print("Custom tag example " +
"(cwp.tags.ExampleTag)");
System.out.println("Error in ExampleTag: " + ioe);
}
return(SKIP_BODY);
}
}

,
XML- .
( XML). 20.25.
,
, . ,
, ,
.
http://www.corewebprogramming.com/, ,
Tomcat 3 ( i n s t a l l _ d i r / w e b a p p s / e x a m p l e s / W E B INF/jsp).
.
, t a g (
, ) .
cwp. t a g s ,
cwp. t a g s . ExampleTag. , t a g URL
, . ,
bean . Tomcat 3
install_dir/webapps/ROOT/WEB-
948
I N F / c l a s s e s , E x a m p l e T a g i n s t a l l _ d i r /
w e b a p p s / R O O T / W E B - I N F / c l a s s e s / c w p / t a g s .
, Tomcat 3.1
.
2 0 . 2 5 . c w p ~ t a g l i b . t l d
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-l" ?>
<!DOCTYPE taglib
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN"
"http://Java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_l_l.dtd">
<taglib>
<tlibversion>l.0</tlibversion>
<j spversion>l.1</jspversion>
<shortname>cwp</shortname>
<info>
A tag library from Core Web Programming Java 2 Edition,
http://www.corewebprogramming.com/.
</info>
<tag>
<name>example</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.ExampleTag</tagclass>
<info>Simplest example: inserts one line of output</info>
</tag>
</taglib>
JSP-

, JSP-,
. 20.26.
t a g l i b ,
:
<%@ t a g l i b u r i = " . . . " p r e f i x = " . . . " %>
u r i ,
URL (
20.25).
p r e f i x , , ,
,
. ,
t a g l , p r e f i x t e s t ,
t e s t : t a g l .
:
<test:tagl>JSP-KOfl</test:tagl>
20.7. JSP-
949
<test:tagl />
, 20.25, c w p - t a g l i b . t l d
, JSP-,
20.26. t a g l i b , JSP-,
.
<%0 t a g l i b u r i = " c w p - t a g l i b . t l d "
p r e f i x = " c w p " %>
p r e f i x cwp, JSP-
e x a m p l e cwp: e x a m p l e .
. 20.14.
2 0 . 2 6 . SimpleExample. j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<%@ t a g l i b u r i = " c w p - t a g l i b . t l d " p r e f i x = " c w p " %>
<TITLE><cwp:example /></TITLE>
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl><cwp:example /></Hl>
<cwp:example />
</BODY>
</HTML>
. lie
S^^ )tem F^vontes
^SM
i,iriH!imiiff,mifffi-io|>î
loois ^
Ajjiew uB] fittp //lucalhcst/'cwp/TagFxamples/'SimpleEMmple |sp
"3
~1
Custom tag example

(cwp.tags.ExampleTag)
Custom tag example (cwp.tags ExampleTag)
J
] Done
'
f^ Locsi ^*
. 20.14.
SimpleExample.j sp

, .
<prefix:tagname />.
950
:
, ,
TagSupport. TagSupport
j avax. s e r v l e t . j s p . t a g e x t , Tag
, .
, j a v a x . s e r v l e t .
j sp j ava . i o . i m p o r t :
import j a v a x . s e r v l e t . j s p . * ;
import j a v a x . s e r v l e t . j s p . t a g e x t . * ;
,
http://www.corewebprograinming.com/,
" " .
)
d o S t a r t T a g . ,
.
J s p W r i t e r ( P r i n t W r i t e r , JSP out).
getOut PageContext,
pageContext. getOut PageContext
, .
g e t R e q u e s t , g e t R e s p o n s e , g e t S e r v l e t C o n t e x t g e t S e s s i o n .
p r i n t J s p W r i t e r
lOException, t r y / c a t c h .
, ,
d o S t a r t T a g J s p E x c e p t i o n ,
.
, d o S t a r t T a g
SKIPBODY. , ,
, .
SKIP_BODY ,
<pref i x : tagname />
.
20.27 ,
, 50 .
Primes, .
20.27.SimplePrimeTag.Java
package c w p . t a g s ;
import
import
import
import
import
javax.servlet.jsp.*;
javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.
java.io.*;
java.math.*;
cwp.*;
2 0 . 7 . JSP-
951
/** Generates prime of approximately 50 digits. */

public class SimplePrimeTag extends TagSupport {
protected int len = 50;
public int doStartTagO {
try {
Biglnteger prime = Primes.nextPrime(Primes.random(len));
out.print(prime);
} catch(lOException ice) {
System.out.println("Error generating prime: " + ioe);
return(SKIP BODY);
}
}
:

XML, DOCTYPE t a g l i b .
h t t p : //www. corewebprogramming. com/.
t a g ,
t a g l i b . <tag> < / t a g >
.
name ,
, t a g l i b .
s i m p l e Prime, ..
:
<name>simplePrime</name>
tagclass .
:
<tagclass>cwp.tags.SimplePrimeTag</tagclass>
info .
:
< i n f o > O u t p u t s random 5 0 - d i g i t
prime.</info>
bodycontent ,
, , ,
empty. ,
, b o d y c o n t e n t JSP.
,
, t a g d e p e n d e n t .
SimplePrimeTag b o d y c o n t e n t
empty.
952
<bodycontent>empty</bodycontent>
, Tomcat 3.1 bodycontent,
. Tomcat 3.2, JRun
b o d y c o n t e n t .
!!
Tomcat 3.1,
bodycontent.
20.28 .
20.28. c w p ~ t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>simplePrime</naine>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.SimplePrimeTag</tagclass>
<info>Outputs a random 50-digit prime.</info>
</tag>
: JSP-
JSP-, ,
t a g l i b , u r i ,
, p r e f i x ,
. JSP-,
20.29, t a g l i b :
<%@ t a g l i b u r i = " c w p - t a g l i b . t l d " prefix="cwp" %>
, 20.28,
cwp. simple Prime,
:
<cwp:simplePrime />
. 20.15.
20.29. SimplePrimeExample. j sp
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Some 50-Digit Primes</TITLE>
HREF="JSP-Styles.css"
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Some 50-Digit Primes</Hl>
<%@ taglib uri="cwp-taglib.tld" prefix="cwp" %>
<UL>
20.7.
<LI><cwp
<LI><cwp
<LI><cwp
<LI><cwp
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
:simplePrime
:simplePrime
:simplePrime
: simplePrime
JSP-
953
/>
/>
/>
/>
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Some 50-Digit Primes

85525203807603181442992536487526237946236109329293
94866654313655363893733986180399466323070643332731
34410418758257965902314053586112120565127145728483
14536436218832698568115498683116771875392186140487
. 20.15.
;^4^""
'^:-,J'- i:i_ -;^.
SimplePrimeExample.j sp

<prefix:name a t t r i b u t e l = " v a l u e l " a t t r i b u t e 2 = " v a l u e 2 " . . .
/>

. .
:
.
a t t r i b u t e 1 s e t A t t r i b u t e l ,
TagSupport ( ,
Tag). S t r i n g .
, a t t r i b u t e 1
:
p u b l i c void s e t A t t r i b u t e l ( S t r i n g v a l u e l ) {
doSomethingWith(valuel);
, a t t r i b u t e N a m e ( "")
s e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e ( "").

d o S t a r t T a g .
, message.
private String message = "Default Message";
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
954
,
g e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e . s e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e
.
20.30 SimplePrimeTag,
l e n g t h . ,
s e t L e n g t h , S t r i n g
( i n t ) 1.
d o S t a r t T a g .
20.30. PrimeTag. Java
import javax.servletj sp.tagext.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
, N
( N = 50).
SimplePrimeTag,
length,
.
doStartTag
1 .
public class PrimeTag extends SimplePrimeTag {

public void setLength(String length) {
try {
len = Integer.parseint(length);
} catch (NiimberFormatException nf e) {
len = 5 0 ;
}
}
t a g .
a t t r i b u t e . < a t t r i b u t e > < / a t t r i b u t e >
.
1. name , (
).
<name>length</name>
2. required , ,
(true) (false). ,
length , r e q u i r e d :
<required>false</required>
2 0 . 7 . JSP-
955
, s e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e
, }^
.
3. rtexprvalue , ,
JSP- <%= e x p r e s s i o n %> ( t r u e )
( f a l s e ) .
f a l s e , ,
, .
20.31 t a g
. a t t r i b u t e , l e n g t h , t a g
name ( p r i m e ) , t a g c l a s s
( cwp . t a g s . P r i m e T a g ) i n f o ( ).
2 0 . 3 1 . c w p - t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>prime</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.PrimeTag</tagclass>
<info>Outputs a random N-digit prime.</info>
<attribute>
<name>length</name>
</attribute>
</tag>
: JSP-
20.32 JSP-, t a g l i b .
cwp.
' p r i m e l e n g t h ,
:
<cwp:prime l e n g t h = " x x x "
/>
XML,
.
l e n g t h , p r i m e :
<cwp:prime
/>

, , .
, 20.32,
. 20.16.
956
20.32.PrimeExample.jsp
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Some N-Digit Primes</TITLE>
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Some N-Digit Primes</Hl>
<%@ taglib uri="cwp~taglib.tld" prefix="cwp" %>
<UL>
<LI>20-digit: <cwp:prime length="20" />
<LI>40-digit: <cwp:prime length="40" />
<LI>80-digit: <cwp:prime length=:"80" />
<LI>Default (50-digit): <cwp:prime />
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Some N-Digit Primes

;; 32202893832239491679
20-cligit;
2
;: 6657206684091561727357099946005524053317
40-digit:^
. 80-digit:
41557069270593072733338187916203903965223542415375887442486332222481331561431357
. Default (50-cligit); 67648745674655715012021344027143131834812065849301
J
iS] Done
-^ 1 inhseieJ
. 20.16. PrimeExample . j sp

,
. :
<prefix:tagname
/>
, ,
. :
< p r e f i x : t a g n a m e > e o ' < / p r e f i x : tagname>
2 0 . 7 . JSP-
957
:
d o S t a r t T a g ,
, SKIP_BODY. ,
,
d o S t a r t T a g EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE.
, JSP-,
, . JSP- ,
.
, , ,
,
, .
doEndTag.
.
d o E n d T a g EVAL_PAGE. ,
, , SKIP_PAGE.
20.33 ,
.
HTML- 1 - 6 .
, ,
, (LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT).
HTML- 1 - 6
. ,
SPAN, . d o S t a r t T a g
<TABLE> <SPAN>
EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE, ,
. d o E n d T a g </SPAN>
</TABLE> EVAL_PAGE, ,
. (, b g C o l o r
f o n t S i z e ) s e t A t t r i b u t e N a m e .
2 0 . 3 3 . HeadingTag. j a v a
package
cwp.tags;
import j avax.servlet.j sp.tagext.*;
import java.io.*;
/**
*
*
^
*
*
HTML-,
, .
.
,
.
.
public class HeadingTag extends TagSupport {

private String bgColor; //
private String color = null;
958
private
private
private
private
private
String
String
String
String
String
align="CENTER";
fontSize="36";
fontList="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif";
border="0";
width=null;
public void setBgColor(String bgColor) {

this.bgColor = bgColor;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
public void setAlign(String align) {
this.align = align;
}
public void setFontSize(String fontSize) {
this.fontSize = fontSize;
}
public void setFontList(String fontList) {
this.fontList = fontList;
}
public void setBorder(String border) {
this.border = border;
}
public void setWidth(String width) {
this.width = width;
}
try {
out.print("<TABLE BORDER=" + border +
" BGCOLOR=\"" + bgColor -f "\"" +
" ALIGN=\"" + align + " \ " " ) ;
if (width != null) {
out.print(" WIDTH=\"" + width + " \ " " ) ;
}
out.print("><TR><TH>") ;
out.print("<SPAN STYLE=\"" +
"font-size: " + fontSize + "px; " +
"font-family: " + fontList + "; " ) ;
if (color != null) {
out.println("color: " + color + " ; " ) ;
}
out.print("\"> " ) ; // <SPAN ...>
System.out.println("Error in HeadingTag: " + ioe);
}
return(EVAL BODY INCLUDE); //
2 0 . 7 . JSP-
959
public int doEndTagO {

try {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut0;
out. print ("</SPANX/TABLE>") ;
System.out.println("Error in HeadingTag: " + ioe);
}
return(EVAL__PAGE); // JSP-
}
, ,
tag b o d y c o n t e n t , JSP.
<bodycontent>JSP</bodycontent>
, , Tomcat 3.1 b o d y c o n t e n t
, ,
. , t a g c l a s s , i n f o a t t r i b u t e
, .
20.34.
20.34. c w p - t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>heading</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.HeadingTag</tagclass>
<info>Outputs a 1-cell table used as a heading.</info>
<attribute>
<name>bgColor</name>
<required>true</required>

</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>color</name>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>align</name>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>fontSize</name>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>fontList</name>
</attribute>
960
<attribute>
<name>border</name>
<./attribute>
<attribute>
<name>width</name>
</attribute>
</tag>
: JSP-
20.35 ,
h e a d i n g . b g C o l o r ,
.
. 20.17.
2 0 . 3 5 . HeadingExample. j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Some T a g - G e n e r a t e d Headings</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
< c w p : h e a d i n g bgColor="#COCOCO">
Default Heading
</cwp:heading>
<P>
<cwp:heading bgColor="BLACK" color="WHITE">
White on Black Heading
</cwp:heading>
<P>
<cwp:heading bgColor="#EF8429" fontSize="60" border="5">
Large Bordered Heading
</cwp:heading>
<P>
<cwp:heading bgColor="CYAN" width="100%">
Heading with Full-Width Background
</cwp:heading>
<P>
<cwp:heading bgColor="CyAN" fontSize="60"
fontList="Brush Script MT, Times, serif">
Heading with Non-Standard Font
</cwp:heading>
</BODY>
</HTML>
20.7. JSP-
961
a(ed Headings - Netscape
AH
<^f "Sookmoks
"3
j | , Locabonc|hp //localhosl/cwp/TagExamples/HeadingExample |sp
Default Heading
White on Blacic Heading
Laiê Bordered Heading J

Heading with Full-Width Background
^ =='
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jii
J'- i:^) ^!^
PiAC. 20.17, cwp: heading

HTML- 1

,
.
, .
JSP ,
,
.
, ,
, d o S t a r t T a g
EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE SKIP_BODY. , s e r v i c e , _ j s p S e r v i c e , d o G e t d o P o s t , d o S t a r t T a g
H t t p S e r v l e t R e q u e s t H t t p S e r v l e t R e s p o n s e , ,
. , ,
g e t R e q u e s t , p a g e C o n t e x t ,
T a g S u p p o r t , H t t p S e r v l e t
R e q u e s t . , g e t R e q u e s t S e r v l e t R e q u e s t , , , H t t p S e r v l e t
R e q u e s t , .
g e t P a r a m e t e r , .
962
20.36 ,
, debug.
, JSP
.
20.36.DebugTag.Java
package cwp.tags;
import
import
import
import
javax.servlet.j sp.tagext.*;
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
/** , ,
* debug.
public class DebugTag extends TagSupport {
ServletRequest request = pageContext.getRequest();
String debugFlag = request.getParameter("debug");
if ((debugFlag != null) &&
(!debugFlag.equalsIgnoreCase("false") ) ) {
return (EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE) ;
} else {
return(SKIP BODY);
}
}
}
:

,
b o d y c o n t e n t JSP ( ).
t a g , .
20.37 DebugTag.
2 0 . 3 7 . c w p - t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>debug</naine>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.DebugTag</tagclass>
<info>Includes body only if debug param is set.</info>
</tag>
20.7. JSP-
963
: JSP-
20.38 ,
< c w p : d e b u g > < / c w p : d e b u g > . . 20.18
20.19 ,
d e b u g .
2 0 . 3 8 . D e b u g E x a m p l e . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using t h e Debug Tag</TITLE>
TYPE="text/ess">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Using t h e Debug Tag</Hl>
Top of regular page. Blah, blah, blah. Yadda, yadda, yadda.
<P>
<cwp:debug>
<B>Debug:</B>
<UL>
<LI>Current time: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
<LI>Requesting hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>
<LI>Session ID: <%= session.getid() %>
</UL>
</cwp:debug>
<P>
Bottom of regular page. Blah, blah, blah. Yadda, yadda, yadda.
</BODY>
</HTML>
^< Using the Debug Tog - Netscape
ile dit View ^ o Communicator
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^'Booknriarks
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Using t h e Debug T a g
y;.^^:
. 20.18.
Document' Done
&,. ..:^..
cwp: debug
964
f u s i n g theOebuq Tag-Netscape
iie dit îew Qo Communicator
Oelp
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SI
. ^ 1 " Bookmerks ^^ iQcatioajhttp //localhost/cwp/TegExamples/DebugExample )sp'?debug'tru~-^ ^ , Vvliat's Related
Using t h e Debug T a g
Debug:
Cun-ent time: Mon Apr 16 11:03:21 EDT 2001
Requesting hostname: localhost
Session : Tol010mC6608409833952431At
'^'r^
Document: Done
. 20.19. debug
cwp: debug

c w p : p r i m e , c w p : h e a d i n g
, cwp: d e b u g
.
, ;
, .
, .
)^
T a g S u p p o r t . Tag
, , p a g e C o n t e x t
P a g e C o n t e x t . T a g S u p p o r t
, .
T a g S u p p o r t B o d y T a g S u p p o r t .
B o d y T a g S u p p o r t T a g S u p p o r t ,
d o S t a r t T a g d o E n d T a g , . ,
B o d y T a g S u p p o r t .
1. doAfterBody ,
.
SKIP_BODY, ,
.
2. getBodyContent , B o d y C o n t e n t ,
.
20.7. JSP-
965
BodyContent .
1. getEnclosingWriter J s p W r i t e r ,
d o S t a r t T a g doEndTag.
2. getReader , Reader,
.
3. getString S t r i n g ,
.
S e r v l e t U t i l i t i e s (. 19.11) f i l
t e r ,
<, >, " & "<", ">", "&quot/" "&".
, , ,
, HTML-. 20.39
, ,
JSP-.
20.39. FilterTag. Java
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
j avax.servlet.j sp.tagext.*;
java.io.*;
cwp.*;
<, >, " &

HTML- (<, >, " &).

HTML-.
public class FilterTag extends BodyTagSupport {

public int doAfterBody{) {
BodyContent body = getBodyContent();
String filteredBody =
ServletUtilities.filter(body.getString());
try {
JspWriter out = body.getEnclosingWriter0;
out.print(filteredBody);
System.out.println("Error in FilterTag: " + ioe);
}
// SKIP_BODY means we're done. If we wanted to evaluate
// and handle the body again, we'd return EVAL_BODY_TAG.
return (SKIP__BODY) ;
}
966
:

, ,
b o d y c o n t e n t , , ,
, JSP. Tomcat 3.1
b o d y c o n t e n t ,
. ,
. 20.40 .
2 0 . 4 0 . c w p - t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>filter</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.FilterTag</tagclass>
<info>Replaces HTML-specific characters in body.</info>
</tag>
: JSP-
20.41 , ,
HTML- .
HTML, ,
"<" ">"
" & l t ; " " & g t ; " . ,
. ,
<cwp : f i l t e r > . 20.41,

. 20.20.
2 0 . 4 1 . F i l t e r E x a m p l e . j s p
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>HTML Logical Character Styles</TITLE>
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>HTML Logical Character Styles</Hl>
Physical character styles (B, I, etc.) are rendered consistently
in different browsers. Logical character styles, however,
may be rendered differently by different browsers.
Here's how your browser
(<%= request.getHeader("User-Agent") %>)
renders the HTML 4.0 logical character styles:
<P>
20.7. JSP-
<TR CLASS="COLORED"><TH>Example<TH>Result
<TR>
<TD><PRE><cwp:filter>
<EM>Some emphasized text.</EM><BR>
<STRONG>Some strongly emphasized text.</STRONG><BR>
<CODE>Some code.</CODE><BR>
<SAMP>Some sample text.</SAMP><BR>
<KBD>Some keyboard text.</KBD><BR>
<DFN>A term being defined.</DFN><BR>
<VAR>A variable.</VAR><BR>
<CITE>A citation or reference.</CITE>
</cwp:filter></PRE>
<TD>
<EM>Some emphasized text.</EM><BR>
<STRONG>Some strongly emphasized text.</STRONG><BR>
<CODE>Some code.</CODE><BR>
<SAMP>Some sample text.</SAMP><BR>
<KBD>Some keyboard text.</KBD><BR>
<DFN>A term being defined.</DFN><BR>
<VAR>A variable.</VAR><BR>
<C1TE>A citation or reference.</CITE>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
hl!lli'.llffHHiTffWnH|i|l41i'Hf#Hl
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^^^
Lfieefiuft jhttp /'/'localhost/'cwp/TagExamples/'FikerExanfple |sp
HTML Logical Character Styles

Physical character styies (B, I, etc.) are rendered consistency in different browsers. Logical character stsdes,
however, may be rendered differently by different browsers. Here's how your browser (N1021113/4.7 [en] CWin98,
U)) renders the HTML 4 0 logical character styles
<EM>3oBfte e m p h a s i z e d t e x t . < / E M > < B R >

^^
,
^> *
<3TRONG>3ome s t r o n g l y e m p h a s i z e d text.</3TRONG><BR>
^
,
,
., ,
kcODE>Some c o d e . </CODE><BR>
|Some strongly empliasaed t e x t
iSome code.
;<3AMP>Some sample text.</3AMP><BR>
Some seunple t e x t .
i<KBD>3ome keyboard text.</KBD><BR>
Some k e ^ o a r d t e x t .
|<DFN>A term being defined.</DFN><BR>
:A term being defined.
i<VAR>A variable.</VAR><BR>
'Â variable
<CITE>A citation or reference.</CITE>
A citation or reference
ît>owtt**l>or>
-^ ^p m, >j> ' i i
. 20.20. cwp: f i l t e r
HTML-
967
968

, ,
,
.
JSP- , ,
.
:
,
, ,
BodyTagSupport. , , d o S t a r t T a g ,
doEndTag , , doAf terBody.
, doAf terBody.
EVAL_BODY_TAG, ,
doAf terBody. ,
doAf terBody SKIP_BODY.
20.42 , r e p s
.
JSP- ( ,
),
.
20.42. RepeatTag. java
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.*;
import java.io.*;
/** ,
* .
V
public class RepeatTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private int reps;
public void setReps(String repeats) {
try {
reps = Integer.parseint(repeats);
reps = 1;
}
}
public int doAfterBody() {
if (reps >= 1) {
try {
2 0 . 7 . JSP-
969
JspWriter out = body.getEnclosingWriter();

out.println(body.getString{)) ;
body.clearBody(); //
System.out.println("Error in RepeatTag: " + ioe);
}
return (EVAL_BODY_TAG) ;
} else {
return(SKIP^BODY);
}
:

20.43 ,

cwp: r e p e a t . ,
, r t e x p r v a l u e , t r u e .
2 0 . 4 3 . c w p - t a g l i b . t l d ()
<tag>
<name>repeat</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.RepeatTag</tagclass>
<info>Repeats body the specified number of times.</info>
<attribute>
<name>reps</name>

<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
: JSP-
20.44 JSP-,
. r e p e a t s ,
.
. 20.21.
2 0 . 4 4 . R e p e a t E x a m p l e . j s p
<]DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Some 4 0 - D i g i t Primes</TITLE>
Transitional//EN">
970
TYPE="text/css">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Some 40-Digit Primes</Hl>
Each entry in the following list is the first prime number
higher than a randomly selected 40-digit number.
<0L>

<xsl:apply-templates
select="/perennials/daylily[award/nanie='Stout
Medal*]"/>
<TR>
<TD C0LSPAN="4" ALIGN="CENTER">
E-early M-midseason L-late</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="daylily">
<TR>
<TD><xsl:value-of select="award/year"/></TD>
<TD><xsl:value-of select="cultivar"/></TD>
< ! bloom. -->
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><xsl:value-of
select="bloom/@code"/></TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><xsl:value-of
select="cost"/></TD>
</TR>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
p x . T Exampte -||>1^
..dSliSi
I^XSLT EKampte - {*(91
:)<ML|XSL|KSLT|
XML ^^SLJXSLTI
<'1'="1.0'*?>
<ID0CTYPE perenruals SYSTEM
"http (kiciavt corewri}progrananiiig.com/'dtds/peienniaJs.dtd''>
: <pereimials>
I <daylily status* "m-stock.">
<cultivr*Luxury L;</cultivar>
<?xinlveison="l,0'7>
<xsl stylesheet version-"! .0"
anhs xsl-"http://www.wr3.oisfl999SL/Tmisfonn">
<xsl:output mBthod="html"
doctype-pubhc "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<xsl:tempkte match-T>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE^Daylilies<n-ITLE>
<ÊAD>
<>
<TABLE CELLPADDING-"3">
<CAPTION>Stout Medal Awird<CAPTION>
<nane>Stout Medal</Mnie>
<ye4i>1965<êr>
<fv/nrd>
<:awani>
< note="sxnall-ikwered">Aiuue T. Giles<ftiame>
<3reai1965</y4r>
<feward>
^
. 23.7. XML,
XML-,
p e r e n n i a l s .xml ( 23.4)
JPi xj
jf
. 23.8. XSL,
XSL-,
p e r e n n i a l s . x s l (23.15)
1090
23. XML-
|^-^^!'1^||
-lOlxlj
FISe
XML) XSL ><St^l
Stout Medal Award
Year
Cultivar
Bloom Season Cost
1965 Luxury Lace
1976 Green Flutter
7.50
1984 MyBeUe
1200
1985 StdlaDeOro
1989 Brocaded Gown
11.75
E-L
5.00
1450
. 23.9. XSLT-
p e r e n n i a l s . 1 ( 23.4)
p e r e n n i a l s . x s l ( 23.15)
23.8. XSLT:
JSP-
XSLT-
JSP-. HTML- ,
. , Netscape 4.7
HTML- THEAD, TBODY TFOOT,
Internet Explorer 4.x (
2.4).
XML- p e r e n n i a l s .xml ( 23.4) .
, JavaServer Page
D a y l i l i e s . j s p ( 23.18). XSL- p e r e n n i a l s - i e . x s l (
23.16) Internet Explorer,
THEAD, TBODY TFOOT. - p e r e n n i a l s - n s . x s l ( 23.17)
Netscape.
, x s l t r a n s f o r m . t l d ,
23.19.
x s l t r a n s f o r m JSP D a y l i l i e s . j s p .
cwp. t a g s . X s l T r a n s f o r m T a g .
: xml ( XML-;
), x s l i e (XSL- Internet Explorer)
x s l n s (XSL- Netscape; ). ,
x s l n s ,
- Internet Explorer.
. 20.7.
X s l T r a n s f o r m T a g 23.20. d o S t a r t T a g
F i l e XML- XSL-, XSL-
U s e r - A g e n t , HTTP-.
XSLT-
X s l T r a n s f o r m e r ( 23.12), J s p W r i t e r .
2 3 . 8 . XSLT.
1091
,
. . 23.10
Tomcat. DTD- (
p e r e n n i a l s . d t d ) , h t t p : / / w w w . c o r e w e b p r o g r a m m i n g .
c o m / d t d s / , , d t d s (. . 23.10)
DOCTYPE :
<!DOCTYPE p e r e n n i a l s
SYSTEM
"dtds/perennials.dtd">
JSP Internet Explorer 5.0,

Windows 2000, . 23.11. Netscape
4.7, Windows 98, . 23.12.
TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/ROOT/
cwp/Daylilies.jsp
L cwp-tags/xsltransform.tid
WEB-INF/classes/cwp/perennials.xml
perennials-ie.xml
perennials-ns.xsl
XslTransformer.class
U dtds/perennials.dtd
L tags/XslTransformTag.class
. 23.10. Tomcat
2 3 . 1 6 . p e r e n n i a l s - i e . x s l
<?xml v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 " ? >
< ! THEAD, TBODY TFOOT. >
< ! Internet Explorer 4.x
. -->
<xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="l.0">
<xsl: output method="htrril"/>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="3" RULES="GROUPS" ALIGN="CENTER">
<COLGROUP>
<COL ALIGN="CENTER"/>
<COL ALIGN="LEFT"/>
1092
23. XML-
<COL ALIGN="CENTER"/>
</COLGROUP>
<COLGROUP ALIGN="RIGHT"/>
<THEAD>
<TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TH>Cultivar</TH>
<TH>Cost</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
< ! daylily,
award, name
Stout Medal. >
select="/perennials/daylily[award/name= * Stout Medal"/>
</TBODY>
<TFOOT>
<TR>
<TD C0LSPAN="4">E-early M-midseason L-late</TD>
</TR>
</TFOOT>
</TABLE>
</xsl:template>
<TR>

<xsl:stylesheet version="l."
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="html"/>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="3" B0RDER="1" ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TH>Cultivar</TH>
<TH>Cost</TH>
23.8. XSLT...
</TR>
< ! daylily,
award, name
Stout Medal. >
select="/perennials/daylily[award/name=*Stout Medal']"/>
<TR>
<TD C0LSPAN="4" ALIGN="CENTER">
E-early M-midseason L-late</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</xsl:template>
<TR>
< ! bloom. >
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><xsl:value-of select="bloom/@code"/></TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><xsl:value-of select="cost"/></TD>
</TR>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
23.18.Daylilies.j sp
<html>
<head>
<title>Daylilies</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@ taglib uri="cwp-tags/xsltransform.tld" prefix="cwp" %>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Katie's Favorite Daylilies
<P>
<cwp:xsltransform xml='perennials.xml'
xslie='perennials-ie.xsl'
xslns='perennials-ns.xsl'
/>
</body>
</html>
23.19.xsltransform.tld
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-l" ?>
<!DOCTYPE taglib
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN'
"http://Java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_l_l.dtd">
<taglib>
1093
1094
23. XML-
<tlibversion>l.0</tlibversion>
<jspversion>l. /jspversion>
<shortname>cwp</shortname>
<urn></urn>
<info>
A tag library from Core Web Programming,
http://www.corewebprogramming.com/.
</info>
<tag>
<name>xsltransform</name>
<tagclass>cwp.tags.XslTransformTag</tagclass>
<info>Applies xslt transform based on browser type.</info>
<attribute>
<name>xml</name>
<required>yes</required>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>xslie</name>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>xslns</name>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
23.20.XslTransformTag.Java
package cwp.tags;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
java.io.*;
javax.servlet.*;
cwp.XslTransformer;
,
XML- HTML-, XSLT.
XSL-,
Internet Explorer,
Netscape ( ).
V
public class XslTransformTag extends TagSupport {
private static final String FS =
System.getProperty("file.separator");
private static final int IE = 1;
private static final int NS = 2;
private String xml, xslie, xslns;
2 3 . 8 . XSLT...
public void setXml(String xml) {

this.xml = xml;
}
public String getXml() {
return(xml);
}
public void setXslie(String xslie) {
this.xslie = xslie;
}
public String getXslieO {
return(xslie);
}
public void setXslns(String xslns) {
this.xslns = xslns;
}
public String getXslnsO {
return(xslns);
}
public int doStartTagO throws JspException {
// XML XSL.
/ /
// SERVLET_HOME/WEB-INF/classes/cwp/.
String FS = System.getProperty("file.separator");
ServletContext context = pageContext.getServletContext();
String path = context.getRealPath(FS) + "WEB-INF" + FS +
"classes" + FS + "cwp" + FS;
HttpServletRequest request =
(HttpServletRequest)pageContext.getRequest();
//
// Internet Explorer Netscape.
File xslFile = null;
if ((browserType (request) == IE) && (getXslieO ?= null)) {
xslFile = new File (path -- getXslieO);
} else {
xslFile = new File (path + getXslnsO);
}
File xmlFile = new File (path + getXmlO);
try {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut0;
XslTransformer transformer = new XslTransformer();
transformer.process(xmlFile, xslFile, out);
catch(TransformerException tx) {
context.log("XslTransformTag: " + tx.getMessage());
}
return(SKIP_BODY);
}
1095
1096
23. XML-
//
// User-Agent, HTTP-.
private int browserType(HttpServletRequest request) {
int type = NS;
String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
if ((userAgent != null) &&
(userAgent.indexOf("IE") >=0)) {
type = IE;
}
return(type);
b-^^lS, '.
j 4-Bdck * 4
^-^ S\ ^
':0Search ^yFavorites ^^Htrtory
ji
i^-
Katie^s Favorite Daylilies
Stout Medal Award
Bloom Season Cost
jYear Cultivar
|1965 Luxury Lace
il976 Green Flutter
7.50
11984 My Bene
12.00
|1985 Stella DeOro

11989 Brocaded Gown
11.75
E-L
5.00
14.50
. 23.11.
p e r e n n i a l s . xml

JSP-.

Windows 2000
E-eariy M-midseason L-late
IgjOone
)ifw Sioemxmît
:\
^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^
rfa
Katie^s Favorite Daylilies

Stout Medal Award
lYear i
Cultivar
jBloom Season j Cost |
h 965 I Luxury Lace
111.75;
11976 i Green Flutter
i 7.50 1
11984 iMy Belle

1985 SteOaDeOro
11989 i Brocaded Gown 1
112.00;
E-L
\ 5.00;
i 14.50 i
f^^r-
,DoBi4itD
2iM^m MEîM.^^^J
. 23.12.
p e r e n n i a l s . xml
JSP-.

Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98
23.8. XSLT...
1097
23.9.
III, ,
. ,
XML- DOM, SAX XSLT.
JavaServer Pages, -
JDBC. ,
.
( , ?)
,
, JavaScript ,
, .
JavaScript- Web-
. , JavaScript-
, HTML-, .
-JzJS^-r
JAVASCRIPT
...
25. JavaScript
JAVASCRIPT:
WEB-
...
HTML- Web-.
, .
, .
JavaScript.
JavaScript Web-.
JavaScript
Web-.
JavaScript CGI-.
JavaScript .
Java JavaScript.
JavaScript Java.
J~y\3J^ZJ
, JavaScript Java.
JavaScript -- ; JavaScript
Web- . Java
,
, , , ,
. JavaScript-
HTML-, ,
. , ,
Web-. JavaScript-
, .
, Java-,
(AWT, Swing, Java 2D), ,
, RMI JDBC.
JavaScript ( 1.0 1.5)
JavaScript 2.0, Mozilla Organization ( h t t p : / / w w w . m o z i l l a . o r g / ) .
JavaScript 1.0 Netscape
Netscape Navigator 2.0. Netscape JavaScript (European Com
puter Manufacturers Association) . 1997 .
ECMAScript, -262,
JavaScript 1.1, Navigator .. Netscape
Navigator 4.0-4.05 JavaScript 1.2.
1998 . -262,
ISO/IEC 16262. ECMAScript Navigator
4.06 JavaScript 1.3.
I n f i n i t y NaN. JavaScript 1.4
.
-262,
1999 . , Netscape Navigator 6,
JavaScript 1.5, ECMAScript.
1102
24. JavaScript...
JavaScript , Microsoft
ECMAScript JScript.
Microsoft
(Internet Information Server, Windows Scripting Host, Visual Studio),
JScript, JScript,
Internet Explorer. JavaScript 1.1
Internet Explorer .; JavaScript 1.2
-262 Internet Explorer 4.Ox. Internet Explorer 5.0x
JavaScript 1.3 JavaScript 1.4. Internet Explorer
-262 JavaScript 1.5.
JavaScript 1.2

( , Netscape 4, Internet Explorer 4 ).
. DOM
(Document Object Model ) DHTML
. DOM
.
ECMAScript
h t t p : / / w w w . e c m a . c h / e c m a l / S T A N D / E C M A - 2 62.HTM
, JavaScript,
Netscape
http://developer.netscape.com/tech/javascript/
Microsoft JScript
http://msdn.microsoft.com/scripting/
, Mozilla Organization
http://www.mozilla.org/js/
D o c u m e n t Object M o d e l
http://www.w3.org/DOM/
JavaScript .
(R. Allen Wyke), . (Jason D. Gilliam)
(Charlton Ting) Pure JavaScript (JavaScript 1.4), a (Danny
Goodman) Dynamic HTML, The Definitive Reference (jdiVdScvipi 1.2).
JavaScript Web- . -,
HTML- . , JavaScript
.
. , JavaScript,
: Web-,
2 4 . 1 . HTML-
1103
, CGI-, cookie, ,
Java JavaScript JavaScript Java-.
. 25
, JavaScript 1.2.
2 4 . 1 .
L-
JavaScript- SCRIPT
Web-. , ,
, SCRIPT. JavaScript-
24.1. - JavaScript
, , .
2 4 . 1 . JavaSchpt- Web-
<BODY>
HTML-
<SCRIPT T y P E = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p f >
Java Script-,
// >
</SCRIPT>
HTML-
HTML-
</BODY>
JavaScript-;
SRC <SCRIPT>.
HTML-
d o c u m e n t . w r i t e ,
. 24.2,
. 24.1.
2 4 . 2 . F i r s t S c r i p t . h t m l
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 / / E N " >
<HTML>
<HEAD>
< T I T L E > F i r s t J a v a S c r i p t Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
< H l > F i r s t J a v a S c r i p t Page</Hl>
<SCRIPT T Y P E = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " >
1104
2 4 . JavaScript..
document. write ("<HR>") ;

dociment.write ("Hello World Wide Web") ;
document.write("<HR>");
// >
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
laSctipl Page Netscape

gle View fio Qonmrec^tor
First JavaScript Page

HeUo World Wide Web
^^^^p.
^b:^6>îiD^";-l 'jy;;^]|ycgguvjsag;^,..
. 24.1.
JavaScript
JavaScript-
HTML-. JavaScript-
HTML- .
24.3, . 24.2 24.3
Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet
Explorer. r e f e r r i n g Page
"+" . ,
, ,
document . w r i t e . ,
document . w r i t e l n document . w r i t e
"\" .
Web-, ,
HTML-
. Web-
.
(.
L3).

HTML-,
HTML-.
2 4 . 1 . HTML-
24.3. ShowInfo.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Extracting Document Info with JavaScript</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Extracting Document Info with JavaScript</Hl>
<HR>
<?
function referringPage() {
if (docioment. ref errer. length = = 0 ) {
return("<I>none</I>");
} else {
return (dociiment. referrer) ;
}
}
document.writeln
("Document Info:\n" +
"<UL>\n" +
" <LIXB>URL: </B> " + document. location + "\n" +
" <LIXB>Modification Date:</B> " + "\n" +
document.lastModified + "\n" +
" <LIXB>Title:</B> " + docianent. title + "\n" +
" <LIXB>Ref erring page:</B> " + ref err ingPage () + "\n" +
"</UL>");
document.writeln
("Browser Info:" + "\n" +
"<UL>" + "\n" +
" <LIXB>Name:</B> " + n a v i g a t o r . appName + " \ n " +
" <LIx:B>Version:</B> " + navigator.appVersion + "\n" +
"</UL>");
// >
</SCRIPT>
<HR>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1105
1106
24. JavaScript...
JDixi|
yniHi'iiiiiniiniJiHiiimiifffwiHi'nm
Extracting Document Info with JavaScript

Document Info:
URL: http://www.corewebprogramming.coin/JavaScnpt/ShowInfo.html
Modification Date: Wednesday, April 11, 2001 17:19:10
Title: Extracting Document Info with JavaScript
Referring page: none
Browser Info:
Name: Netscape
Version: 4.7 [en] (Win98.1)
iDocument: Oortt
.^...<^....
. 24.2. showinfo,
Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98
^
Extracting Document Info with JavaScript
"^
Document Info:
URL: http ://www. orewebprogramming. om/JavaS cript/Showinfo html

Modification Date: 04/11/2001 17:19:10
Title: Extracting Document Info with JavaScript
Referring page: none
Browser Info:
Name: Microsoft Internet Explorer
Version: 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5 5. Windows 98)
d
2 0
| My Computer
. 24.3. showinfo,
Windows 98
2 4 . 1 . HTML-
1107
, JavaScript- HTML-.
, . ,
, JavaScript, <SCRIPT>
</SCRIPT>, , .
. ,
JavaScript " / / " "<! - - "
, . ,

. ,
HTML 2.0, " - - " ,
, , "< !" ">". , ,
< ! Foo Bar >
,
< ! Foo Bar >
. , HTML 2.0,
:
<!
var X = 3;
if (>2) //
doOneThing();
else
doAnotherThing();
// >
<!
var X = 3;
var = - - ;
/ / >
//
, JavaScript ,
,
:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
<!
languageVersion = "1.0";
// >
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScriptl.l">
<!
// >
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScriptl.4">
<!
1108
24. JavaScript.
// >
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScriptl.5">
<!
// >
</SCRIPT>
, TYPE=" t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " .
TYPE
JavaScript. Netscape 6 .
24.2.
JavaScript HTML- Web, HTML- .

. , :
,
, ,
,
. 24.4
, d o n t C l i c k
o n C l i c k . . 24.4 24.5.
( BUTTON)
JavaScript;
HTML-. , d o n t C l i c k
( BODY), HEAD.
, HTML-.
2 4 . 4 . D o n t C l i c k . html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Simple J a v a S c r i p t B u t t o n < / T I T L E >
function dontClick0 {
a l e r t ( " I t o l d you n o t t o c l i c k ! " ) ;
}
/ / >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Simple JavaScript Button</Hl>
<FORM>
Transitional//EN">
24.3. JavaScript
1109
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON"
VALUE="Don't Click Me"
onClick="dontClick() ">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
t^nfflffimfmrfflf
^jjijU;p|MI|^juUt
Simple JavaScript Button

~ ^.
.C]l>one
"D
d
;^;>*
. 24.4. Web-

. 24.5. ,

24.3. JavaScript
JavaScript Java .
, , i f , "? :", w h i l e , f o r , b r e a k
c o n t i n u e , Java. JavaScript 1.2
s w i t c h , Java,
, , c a s e , .
+ ( ), - , *, / , ++, - - , &&, | |
, Java.
, ,
,
. ;
.
, Netscape
JavaScript- (. 24.6). , URL " j a v a s c r i p t : " .
, , Loca
tion (, " j a v a s c r i p t .-Math, c o s (Math. P I / 4 ) *2");
. Netscape, Internet Explorer.
p-ffwfffUHim^
|^"(afx^|
1.414213S6237309S1
javascnpt typein
JKath. cos (Math. PI/4) *2|
Clear Console
I Close I
. 24.6. Netscape
JavaScript-
1110
24. JavaScript...

Java JavaScript ,
JavaScript .
, ( JavaScript
) , . ,
. ,
:
v a r X = 5 ; / /
X = 5 . 5 ; / /
X = " f i v e p o i n t f i v e " ; / /

f u n c t i o n .
, .
.
function square() {
return( * ) ;
}
function factorial(n) {
if (n <= 0) {
return(1);
} else {
return(n * factorial(n - 1));
}
}
function printHeading(message) {
document.writeln("<Hl>" + message + "</Hl>");
}
, :
: fun = Math.sin;
^rt("sin(pi/2)=" + fun(Math.PI/2));
. 24.7.
JavaiSaipt Alert
stn(pi/2)-1
. 24.7. JavaScript ,

,
.
.
24.3. JavaScript
1111
Math.sin = Math.cos; / / He
alert("Yikes! sin(pi/2)=" + Math.sin(Math.PI/2));
. 24.8.
|7111
. 24.8. JavaScript

, - Java,
JavaScript , , ,
JavaScript- .
JavaScript .
JavaScript

(), .
, . :
var t e s t = new O b j e c t O ;
t e s t . f i e l d l = "Value 1"; / / f i e l d l
test.field2 = 7 ;
/ / f i e l d 2
,
"" . ,
. , ,
undefined. ( ==) n u l l
t r u e .
JavaScript
"" ,
{ !:!,
2:2,
... :
j ect 1 ob j ect2 .
var objectl
object1.x =
objectl. =
objectl.z =
= new ObjectO;
3;
4;
5;
var object2 = { x:3, y:4, z:5 };
1112
24. JavaScript...

for/in
Java C++, JavaScript ,
. f o r / i n .
for(fieldName in object) {
doSomethingWith(fieldName);
}
(, f i e l d ) ,
o b j e c t . f i e l d , o b j e c t [ " f i e l d " ] .
.
24.5. ,
HTML-, .
Internet Explorer 5.0 . 24.9.
2 4 . 5 . F o r i n . html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>For/In Loops</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
Transitional//EN">
TYPE="text/javascript">
<!
f u n c t i o n makeObjectTable(name, o b j e c t ) {
d o c \ a a e n t . w r i t e l n ( " < H 2 > " + name + "</H2>");
doc\iment.writeln("<TABLE BORDER=l>\n" +
" <TRXTH>Field<TH>Value") ;
f o r ( f i e l d in object) {
document, w r i t e l n (" <TRXTD>" + f i e l d +
"<TD>" + o b j e c t [ f i e l d ] ) ;
}
dociament.writeln("</TABLE>") ;
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>For/In Loops</Hl>
<!
var test = new Object();
test.fieldl = "Field One";
test.field2 = "Field Two";
test.fields = "Field Three";
makeObjectTable("test", test);
// >
24.3. JavaScript
1113
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
,
this
JavaScript Java. ,
, , ,
t h i s .
new t h i s Object.
Ship.
function Ship(x, , speed, d i r e c t i o n ) {
t h i s . x = x;
t h i s . = ;
t h i s . s p e e d = speed;
}
makeObjectTable
BODY , ,
. 24.10.
var shipl = new Ship(0, , 1, 90);
makeObjectTable("shipl", shipl);
:'1111111|||]|'11^!11^114
1For/In Loops
-^
i
Ships
shipl
1 test
1 1 Reld Value
Held Value
field 1 Reld One
field2PieldTwo
fields Reld
1^
1 |x
|0
;y
0
1 ;speed '1
1 jdirecbon '90
. 24.9. for/in

1
1
^_^
. 24.10.

1114
2 4 . JavaScript...
JavaScript
. . ,
S h i p , move, :
function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
}
function move() {
var angle = degreesToRadians(this.direction);
this.x = this.x + this.speed * Math.cos(angle);
this. = this. + this.speed * Math.sin(angle);
}
function Ship(x, y, speed, direction) {
this.x = x;
this. = ;
this.speed = speed;
this.move = move;
}
v a r a n g l e
JavaScript .
, , JavaScript
, a n g l e .
,
. ,
v a r .

var.
, .
. 24.11.
v a r s h i p l = new S h i p ( 0 , , 1, 9 0 ) ;
makeObjectTable("shipl ( o r i g i n a l l y ) " ,
shipl.move();
makeObjectTable("shipl ( a f t e r move)",
shipl);
shipl);
24.3. JavaScript
1115
Ships
shipl (originally)
Value
Field
X
0 _
speed
direcbon 90
fiinchon moveO { var angle = degreesToRadians
(tbs direction); this.x = this.x +this, speed * Math.cos
(angle); this = this + this.speed * Math. sin(angle);)
shipl (after move)

Field
X
Value
6 123031769111886e-17
' ' 'i
speed
direction 90
move
function moveO { var angle = degreesToRadians

(this direction), this.x = this.x + this.speed * Math.cos
(angle), this.y = this. + this.speed * Math sin(angle),}
_J
^ Done
'^
. 24.11.

prototype
p r o t o t y p e .
,
p r o t o t y p e ,
. ,
. S h i p .
p r o t o t y p e move m a x S p e e d .
f u n c t i o n S h i p ( x , , s p e e d , d i r e c t i o n )
t h i s . x = x;
t h i s . y = y;
this.speed = speed;
}
new Ship(0, 0, 0, 0) ;
Ship.prototype.move = move;
Ship.prototype.maxSpeed = 50;
1116
24. JavaScript...
JavaScript , Java.
A r r a y , .
v a r s q u a r e s = new A r r a y ( 5 ) ;
for(var i=0; i<squares.length;
vals[i] = i * i;
i++) {
/ / ,
v a r s q u a r e s = new A r r a y ( 0 , 1, 4, 9, 1 6 ) ;
v a r a r r a y l = new A r r a y C ' f e e " , " f i e " , " f o " , "fum") ;
/ / " " ,
v a r 2 = [ " f e e " , " f i e " , " f o " , "fum" ] ;
, .
JavaScript
. , ,
, [''"].
[ _].
. . 24.12.
v a r a r r a y O b j = new O b j e c t O ;
arrayObj[0] = "Index zero";
arrayObj[10] = "Index t e n " ;
a r r a y O b j . f i e l d l = " F i e l d One";
a r r a y O b j [ " f i e l d 2 " ] = " F i e l d Two";
makeObj e c t T a b l e ( " a r r a y O b j " ,
arrayObj);
li9
^^^
i ^ ^ 3 4^ A ^ rf a ffl
Array/Object Duality
arrayObj
Field
jo
Value
b d e x zero
Index ten
.field 1 Field One

|field2 Field Two
"lOw
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-^.J.
. 24.12.

;

. (,
) ,
, .
makeOb j e c t T a b l e ( 24.5).
2 4 . 4 . JavaScript Web-
1117
24.4. JavaScript
Web-
JavaScript ,
JavaScript- Web-,
-. ,
, , HTML-,
, Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator.
, , ,
Web- ,
. ,
. Web-
, .
-, Web-, ,
, ,
.
, ,
-.

Netscape 4.0 w i n d o w . i n n e r W i d t h w i n d o w . i n n e r H e i g h t , . 24.6
JavaScript-, , , . . 24.13
24.14 .
, ,
HEAD, , BODY.
. -,
. -,
Web-. -, HEAD
BODY, , HEAD,
, ,
, .
, .
^^^'.
JavaScnpt'0yHKi4HH HEAD,
.
^^
,
. JavaScript ,
, , ,
.
1118
2 4 . JavaScript.

JavaScript ,
. ,
,
, , ,

.
2 4 . 6 . s t r a w b e r r i e s , h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Strawberries</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
Transitional//EN">
<!
function image(url, width, height) {
r e t u r n ( ' < I M G SRC="' + u r l + " " +
' WIDTH=' + w i d t h +
' HEIGHT=' + h e i g h t + ' > ' ) ;
}
function strawberryl(width) {
return(image("Strawberryl.gif",
width,
Math.round(width*l.323))
width,
Math.round(width*!.155))'
function strawberry2(width) {
return(image("Strawberry2.gif",
}
/ / >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<HR>
<SCRIPT
<!
var imageWidth = window.innerWidth/4;
var fontSize = Math.min(7, Math.round(window.innerWidth/100));
}
document.writeln
('<TABLE>\n' +
<TR><TD>' + strawberryl(imageWidth) + '\n' +
<TH><FONT SIZE=' + fontSize + '>\n' +
"Doubtless God <I>could</I> have made\n' +
a better berry, but doubtless He\n' +
never did."</FONT>\n' +
<TD>' + strawberry2(imageWidth) + '\n' +
'</TABLE>');
// >
</SCRIPT>
<HR>
2 4 . 4 . JavaScript Web-
strawberries are my favorite garden crop; a fresh

strawberry picked five minutes ago makes the dry and
woody grocery store variety seem like a <B>totally</B>
different fruit. My favorite varieties are Surecrop
and Cardinal.
</BODY>
</HTML>
>41??
"Doubtless God
could hsi\e made
a better berry,
but doubtless He
never did."
Strawberries are my favonte garden crop; a fresh strawberry picked five minutes ago makes the dry and woody grocery
store variety seem like a totally different fruit My favonte vanebes are Surecrop and Cardinal
S 4>=
,A ..?i(^ .^.. . ^ , , .
. 24.13.
'???
^^ ^ -^ 9 ^ Jfll
. ^
'Uî>
"Doubtless
Goi could
kave made
Strawbemes are my favonte

garden crop, a fresh strawberry
picked five minutes ago makes the ,^|
. 24.14.

1119
1120
24. JavaScript...

Netscape ( Internet Explorer) JavaScript-
n a v i g a t o r . p l u g i n s , ,
.
P l u g i n , name, d e s c r i p t i o n , f i l e n a m e l e n g t h
MimeType.
, , , ,
MIME-. MimeType
t y p e (, -, " t e x t / h t m l " ) , d e s c r i p t i o n
(), e n a b l e d P l u g i n ( P l u g i n , )
s u f f i x e s ( , MIME-;
). 24.3, ""
. ,
, , .
if
(navigator.plugins["Cosmo Player 1.0"]) {

document.write('<EMBED SRC="coolWorld.vrml" . . . > " ' ) ;
} else {
document.write('This example requires VRML.');
}
, .
, ,
-, n a v i g a t o r . m i m e T y p e s .
if
(navigator.mimeTypes["application/postscript"])
addPostScriptLink();
25.19.
24.7 ,
MIME-,
. ,
Netscape 4.7, . 24.15.
14.7. Plugins.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Plug-ins Supported</TITLE>
<!
function printRow(plugin) {
document.write
(" <TR><TD>" + plugin.name + "\n" +
"
<TD>" + plugin.description + "\n" +
<TD>");
document.write(plugin[0].type);
24.4. JavaScript Web-
for(var i=l; i<plugin.length; i++)

document.writeln("<BR>" + plugin[i].type);
// ~->
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Plug-ins Supported</Hl>
<!
if (navigator.appName == "Netscape") {
document.writeln
("<TABLE BORDER=l>\n" +
" <TR><TH>Plug-in\n" +
"
<TH>Description\n" +
<TH>MIME Types Supported");
for(var i=0; Knavigator .plugins . length; i-H-b)
printRow(navigator.plugins[i]);
document.writeln
("\n</TABLE>");
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|[gJD|)CJ|
Plugins Supported
Plugin
'Headspace Beatnik
Player Stub VI.0.0 1
Description
Headspace Player Stub for
Netscê Conimunicator
MIME Types Supported

audio/x-rmf
laudio/rmf
iSmartDownload
Plugin
|11110-1
:appEcation/idp
iJava Plug-in 1.3 for

iNetscape Navigator
Java Plug-in 1.3 for Netscape

Navigator with JDK/JRE 1.3
(DLL Helper)
iappEcation/x-java-bean;version=l. 1.2
i^plicationyx-java-applet;version=l.l 2
âpplication/x-java-bean;version=l 1 3
appIication/x-java-applet,version=l. 1 3
apphcation/x-java-bean;version=l. 2
application/x-java-applet,version=l 2
IPA Plugin stub
application/x-ipa-plugin
iQiacken 99 for Windows
^^: Done
. 24.15. ,
Netscape 4.7
1121
1122
24. JavaScript.
24.5. JavaScript
Web-
, JavaScript-, Web-
,
HTML-. JavaScript-
. , Web-
, ,
.
"" . , ,
. JavaScript
,
.
d o c u m e n t . i m a g e s Image;
IMG .
, SRC ,
URL. ,
.
function changelmage() {
document.images[0].src =
"images/new-image.gif";
.}
(,
, )
.
,
. , JavaScript
NAME IMG. ,
<IMG SRC="cool-image.jpg" NAME="cool"
WIDTH=75 HEIGHT=25>
TO :
f u n c t i o n improvelmage() {
document.images["cool"].src
= "way-cool.jpg";

Web-
. c l i c k B u t t o n , ,
, , 1/10 ,
. s e t Image
s e t T i m e o u t . s e t l m a g e c l i c k B u t t o n ,
1123
setTimeout JavaScript.
s e t Timeout , JavaScript-,
. setTimeout ,
, ,
, .
function setlmage(name, image) {
document.images[name].src = image;
}
function clickButton(name, graylmage) {
var origlmage = document.images[name].src;
setImage(name, graylmage);
var resetString =
"setlmageC" + name + " \ '" + origlmage + " ' ) " ;
setTimeout(resetString, 100);
}

, , -, , -, ,
.
onCliclc <>.
< HREF="locationl.html"
onClick="clickButton('Buttonl*,
'images/Buttonl-Down.gif')">
<IMG SRC="images/Buttonl-Up.gif" NAME="Buttonl"
WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=25></A>
<A HREF="location2.html"
onClick="clickButton('Button2',
* images/Button2-Down.gif')">
<IMG SRC="images/Button2-Up.gif" NAME="Button2"
,
.
, Image (. 25.12) SRC
. , Image
; ,
.
imageFiles = new Array("images/Buttonl~Up.gif",
"images/Buttonl-Down.gif",
"images/Button2-Up.gif",
"images/Button2-Down.gif");
imageObjects = new Array(imageFiles.length);
for(var i=0; i<imageFiles.length; i++) {
imageObjects[i] = new Image(150, 25);
imageObjects[i].src = imageFiles[i];
}
1124
24. JavaScript...
24.8 .
, ,
.
.
24.8. ImageButton.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>JavaScript Image Buttons</TITLE>
imageFiles = new Array("images/Buttonl-Up.gif",
"images/Buttonl-Down.gif",
"images/Button2-Up.gif",
"images/Button2-Down.gif");
imageObjects = new Array(imageFiles.length);
for(var i=0; i<imageFiles.length; i++) {
imageObjects[i] = new Image(150, 25);
imageObjects[i].src = imageFiles[i];
}
function setImage(name, image) {
document.images[name].src = image;
}
function clickButton(name, graylmage) {
var origlmage = document.images[name].src;
setlmage(name, graylmage);
var resetString =
"setlmageC" + name + "', '" + origlmage + " ' ) " ;
setTimeout(resetString, 100);
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>JavaScript Image Buttons</Hl>
<A HREF="locationl.html"
onClic>:="clickButton('Buttonl', 'images/Buttonl-Down.gif')">
<IMG SRC="images/Buttonl-Up.gif" NAME="Buttonl"
<A HREF="location2.html"
onClic}<:= "clickButton ( 'Button2 ', ' images/Button2-Down. gif') ">
<IMG SRC="images/Button2-Up.gif" NAME="Button2"
</BODY>
</HTML>
1125
^^"
,
""
, .
. ,
,
. 24.9 ,
. ,
"" , NAME IMG (.
r e g u l a r l m a g e F i l e n e g a t i v e l m a g e F i l e ) .

onMouseOver.
. 24.10 24.11.
. 24.16.
, 4; ,
JavaScript-.
2 4 . 9 . HxghPeaksNavBar.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>High P e a k s l ^ a v i g a t i o n Bar</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
<l
/ / " F o o " ,
"images/Foo.gif".
function regularlmageFile(imageName) {
r e t u r n ( " i m a g e s / " + imageName + " . g i f " ) ;
}
/ / "Bar",
"images/Bar-Negative.gif".
f u n c t i o n negativelmageFile(imageName) {
r e t u r n ( " i m a g e s / " + imageName + " - N e g a t i v e . g i f " ) ;
}
/ / .
/ / , , imageNames[0],
/ / "".
/ / images/.gif images/Home-Negative.gif.
f u n c t i o n cachelmages(index) {
r e g u l a r l m a g e O b j e c t s [ i n d e x ] = new Image(150, 2 5 ) ;
regularlmageObjects[index].src =
regularlmageFile(imageNames[index]);
n e g a t i v e l m a g e O b j e c t s [ i n d e x ] = new Image(150, 2 5 ) ;
negativelmageObjects[index].src =
negativelmageFile(imageNames[index]);
}
1126
24. JavaScript...
imageNames = new Array("Home", "Tibet", "Nepal",

"Austria", "Switzerland");
regularlmageObjects = new Array(imageNames.length);
negativelmageObjects = new Array(imageNames.length);
// .
for(var i=0; i<imageNames.length; i++) {
cachelmages(i) ;
}
// onMouseOver;
// .
function highlight(imageName) {
document.images[imageName].src =
negativelmageFile(imageName);
// onMouseOut;
// .
function unHighlight(imageName) {
document.images[imageName].src = regularlmageFile(imageName);
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=150 BGCOLOR="WHITE"
CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD><A HREF="Home.html"
TARGET="Main"
onMouseOver="highlight('Home')"
onMouseOut="unHighlight('Home')">
<IMG SRC="images/Home.gif"
NAME="Home"
WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=25 BORDER=0>
</A>
<TR><TD><A HREF="Tibet.html"
TARGET="Main"
onMouseOver="highlight('Tibet')"
onMouseOut="unHighlight('Tibet')">
<IMG SRC="images/Tibet.gif"
, NAME="Tibet"
WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=25 BORDER=0>
</A>
<TR><TD><A HREF="Nepal.html"
TARGET="Main"
onMouseOver="highlight('Nepal')"
onMouseOut="unHighlight('Nepal')">
<IMG SRC="images/Nepal.gif"
NAME="Nepal"
2 4 . 5 . JavaScript ...
WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=25 BORDER=0></A>

<TR><TD><A HREF="Austria.html"
TARGET="Main"
onMouseOver="highlight('Austria')"
onMouseOut="unHighlight('Austria')">
<IMG SRC="iinages/Austria.gif"
NAME="Austria"
<TR><TD><A HREF="Switzerland.html"
TARGET="Main"
onMouseOver="highlight('Switzerland')"
onMouseOut="unHighlight('Switzerland')">
<IMG SRC="images/Switzerland.gif"
NAME="Switzerland"
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.10. HighPeaks. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>High Peaks Travel Inc.</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET COLS="160,*" FRAMEBORDER=0 BORDER=0>
<FRAME SRC="HighPeaksNavBar.html" SCROLLING="NO">
<FRAME SRC="HighPeaksIntro.html" NAME="Main">
<NOFRAMES>
If you can't hack frames, how do you expect
to handle the Himalayas? Get a real browser.
</NOFRAMES>
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>
24.11. HighPeaksIntro. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>High Peaks Travel Inc.</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="images/peak2.gif" WIDTH=511 HEIGHT=128>
</CENTER>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">High Peaks Travel Inc.</Hl>
<HR>
1127
1128
24. JavaScript...
<IMG SRC="images/peakl.gif" WIDTH=170 HEIGHT=121 ALIGN="RIGHT">

Tired of the same old vacations in Cleveland?
Tour the high peaks with <B>High Peaks Travel</B>!
<P>
We have package deals for beginner, experienced, and expert
climbers, discount priced (*) for the budget-conscious
traveller.
<BR CLEAR="ALL">
<IMG SRC="images/peak.jpg" WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=240
ALIGN="LEFT">
HPT is currently arranging trips to the following
exciting locations:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="Tibet.html">Tibet</A>
<LI><A HREF="Nepal.html">Nepal</A>
<LI><A HREF="Austria.html">Austria</A>
<LI><A HREF="Switzerland.html">Switzerland</A>
</UL>
Sign up today!
<BR CLEAR="ALL">
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="-2">(*) No ropes or safety equipment provided
on discount tours. </FONT>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
CO
Netscape 4.0 . HTML-
, .
. 5.12. JavaScript 1.2
d o c u m e n t . l a y e r s ,
L a y e r . LAYER.
d o c u m e n t .
l a y e r s [ " " ] ;
d o c u m e n t . _ . ,
HTML: LAYER,
ILAYER .
24.12 , .
, , (. 24.17).
,
, (. 24.18).
,
,
. L a y e r 25.15;
v i s i b i l i t y ( show h i d d e n ) (
). m o v e T o A b s o l u t e ( ) moveBy (
).
24.5.
JavaScript .
1129
NEPAL
jueniu
swrrzERum
High Peaks Travel Inc.
Tired of the same old vacations in Cleveland? Tour
the high peaks with High Peaks Travel!
We have package deals for beginner, experienced,
and cxpett climbers, discount priced (*) for
budget-conscious traveller
HPT is currently arranging
tnps to the following exciting
locations:
Tibet
Nepal
Austna
Switzerland
Sign up todayl
(*D Ho or <d(y *qajiurl pcovidtd on d i f c o w i t o m
|^1;;|^
^ W ^ B B ^ . g P . ,v^
. 24.16.
, ""
Netscape 4;
LAYERS HTML 4.0
Netscape 6. Internet Explorer
(DOM).
, ,
h t t p : / / w w w . c o r e w e b p r o g r a r n m i n g . c o m / . ,
, LAYER,
Netscape 6 Internet Explorer, h t t p : / / s i t e s . n e t s c a p e ,
net/ekrock/standards.html.
2 4 . 1 2 . Camps, htmX
//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Camps on K-3</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
Transitional//EN">
1130
24. JavaScript.
function hideCamps() {
// Netscape 4.
document.layers["baseCamp"].visibility = "hidden";
document.layers["highCamp"].visibility = "hidden";
// document.baseCamp.visibility = "hidden";
}
function moveBaseCamp() {
baseCamp.moveBy(1, 3) ;
if (baseCamp.pageX < 130) {
setTimeout("moveBaseCamp{)", 10);
}
// "" ,
// ,
// .
function showBaseCamp() {
hideCamps();
baseCamp = document.layers["baseCamp"];
baseCamp.moveToAbsolute(0, 20);
baseCamp.visibility = "show";
moveBaseCamp();
}
function moveHighCamp() {
highCamp.moveBy(2, 1 ) ;
if (highCamp.pageX < 110) {
setTimeout("moveHighCamp()", 10);
}
}
// "" , ,
// ,
// .
function showHighCamp() {
hideCamps();
highCamp = document.layers["highCamp"];
highCamp.moveToAbsolute(0, 65);
highCamp.visibility = "show";
moveHighCamp();
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<IMG SRC="images/peak4.gif" WIDTH=511 HEIGHT=600 ALIGN="LEFT">
<Hl>Camps on K-3</Hl>
The High Peaks Tours trip to the summit:
<UL>
<LI>Day 1: Travel to Base Camp
<LI>Day 2: Climb to High Camp
1131
<LI>Day 3: Ascend summit, return to High Camp

<LI>Day 4: Descend to Base Camp
<LI>Day 5: Return Home
</UL>
<BR CLEAR="ALL">
<!
LAYER only supported Netscape 4
>
<LAYER ID="highCamp" PAGEX=50 PAGEY=100 VISIBILITY="hidden">
<TABLE>
<TR><TH BGCOLOR="WHITE" WIDTH=50>
<FONT SIZE="+2">High Camp</FONT>
<TD><IMG SRC="images/Arrow-Right.gif">
</TABLE>
</LAYER>

<LAYER ID="baseCamp" PAGEX=50 PAGEY=100 VISIBILITY="hidden">
<TABLE>
<TR><TH BGCOLOR="WHITE" WIDTH=50>
<FONT SIZE="+3">Base Camp</FONT>
<TD><IMG SRC="images/Arrow-Right.gif">
</TABLE>
</LAYER>
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="Button" VALUE="Show Base Camp"
onClick="showBaseCamp()">
<INPUT TYPE="Button" VALUE="Show High Camp"
onClick="showHighCamp()">
<INPUT TYPE="Button" VALUE="Hide Camps"
onClick="hideCamps()">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.6. JavaScript
HTML-
JavaScript-
, , .
, ,
, ,
, ,
-. d o c u m e n t . f o r m s Form,
. ,
, ,
d o c u m e n t ,
.
1132
24. JavaScript.
var f i r s t F o r m = document.forms[0];
/ / <FORM NAME="orders" , . . >
var orderForm = d o c u m e n t . f o r m s [ " o r d e r s " ] ;
/ / <FORM NA]yiE="register" . . . >
var r e g i s t r a t i o n F o r m = d o c u m e n t . r e g i s t e r ;
Form elements,
Element. ,
, .
var f i r s t E l e m e n t = f i r s t F o r m . e l e m e n t s [ 0 ] ;
/ / <INPUT . . . NAME="quantity">
var q u a n t i t y F i e l d = o r d e r F o r m . e l e m e n t s [ " q u a n t i t y " ] ;
/ / <INPUT . . . NAME="submitSchedule">
var submitButton = r e g i s t e r . s u b m i t S c h e d u l e ;
BHMBHMHMMMHMHHDSSl
1 >ji? a A ^ 'î c*rfa a

Camps on K-3
A
The High Peaks Tours trip to the

summit:
I
L
^LA
^
^^^H|
r^^^l
Day 1: Travel to Base Camp

Day 2: Climb to High Camp
Day 3; Ascend summit,
return to Hig^ Camp
Day 4: Descend to Base
Camp
Day 5: Return Home
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
\///
, Show 8as Camp
|-#|1?'1
HHeC^mps |
J
^
. 24.17.
;Docw*tDom
'' - "-^^''feaaBtJu^Lxa-^^^,-' 4
Netscape 4.7,
1133
:4<:'^ÛitIlS'^Tl'^Z^nj
Camps on -3
The High Peaks Tours trip to the
summit;
Day 1: Travel to Base Camp
Day 2: Climb to High Camp
Day 3; Ascend summit,
return to H J ^ Camp
Day 4: Descend to Base
Camp
Day 5: Return Home
: 1 ^ 1 1 ^ :
^^
. 24.18. Show Base Camp
,
.
(
onSubmit FORM). , JavaScript

( onFocus onBlur),
( onChange).
: (
, ) (
).
Element Form 25.6 25.8.

24.13 ,
SUBMIT.
, .
.
1134
24. JavaScript...
,
. (
o n C h a n g e )
, .
. 24.19.
2 4 . 1 3 . C h e e k T e x t . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>On-Line T r a i n i n g < / T I T L E >
<SCRIPT
<!
Transitional//EN">
/ /
function describeLanguage() {
s t a t u s = " E n t e r an i m p o r t a n t Web l a n g u a g e " ;
}
/ / .
function c l e a r S t a t u s O {
s t a t u s = "";
}
//
/ / , .
// , ,
//
// .
function checkLanguage() {
var field = document.langForm.langField;
// document.forms["langForm"].elements["langField"]
var lang = field.value;
var prefix = lang.substring(0, 4).toUpperCase();
if (prefix != "JAVA") {
alert("Sorry, '" + lang + "* is not valid.\n" +
"Please try again.");
field.value = ""; // Erase old value
field.focus 0 ;
// Give keyboard focus
}
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>On-Line Training</Hl>
<FORM ACTION="cgi-bin/registerLanguage" NAME="langForm">
To see an introduction to any of our on-line training
113
c o u r s e s , p l e a s e e n t e r t h e name of an i m p o r t a n t Web
programming l a n g u a g e below.
<P>
<B>Language:</B>
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="langField"
onFocus="describeLanguage()"
onBlur="clearStatus() "
onChange="checkLanguage()">
<P>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Show It To Me">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
'||||11|||||
Jji
i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a t a rfa
On-Line Training
To see an introduction to any of our on-line training courses, please
enter the name of an important Web programming language below.
Language: | v i s u a l B a s i c
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. 24,19.
,

,
, . ,
,
, ,
SUBMIT. , ,
,
. , on S u b m i t
FORM, f a l s e , .
, ,
, .
, JavaScript p a r s e i n t p a r s e F l o a t .
, -
1136
24. JavaScript...
. JavaScript,
, , ,
NaN (Not Number ),
isNaN ( == , NaN==NaN
f a l s e ) . 24.1, JavaScript
, .
, 24.14,
. Internet Explorer 5.0
. 24.20.
2 4 . 1 4 . Numbers, h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
< T I T L E > T e s t i n g Numbers</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
Transitional//EN">
function isint(numString) {
/ / p a r s e i n t , NaN
return(!isNaN(parseint(numString)));
}
/ / >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<SCRIPT
<!
function testint(numString) {
return("<TR><TD>" + numString +
"<TD>" + p a r s e i n t ( n u m S t r i n g ) +
"<TD>" + i s I n t ( n u m S t r i n g ) + " X n " ) ;
}
document.writeln
( " < H l > T e s t i n g f o r Numbers i n J a v a S c r i p t 1 . 2 + < / H l > \ n " +
"<TABLE B0RDER=5 CELLSPACING=5>\n" +
"<TR><TH>Input<TH>Parsed Value<TH>Legal I n t e g e r ? \ n " +
testlntC'O") +
testint("10") +
testint("-10") +
testint("FF") +
testint("#FF") +
testint("123abc") +
testint("abcl23") +
"</TABLE>");
/ / >
1137
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
ii!ll4!i4H.i.lH
le
)*M
BOS
Favorte
lock
Testing for Numbers in 1

JavaScript 1.1+
\ Input Parsed Value Legal Integer?
t 0
true
1 10
'lO
true
i -10
-10
true
^,FF
NaN
false
''#FF
NaN
false
123abc 123
true
^ abcl23 NaN
false
iUJ^N'
"rîaf%^-
. 24.20.
, p a r s e i n t NaN
JavaScript, 1.1, isNaN.

, , , ,
, , NaN
f a l s e . ,
.
function isint(string) {
var val = parseint(string);
return(val > 0 ) ;
}
24.15 , ,
.
, .
,
SUBMIT,
.
. ,
c h e c k R e g i s t r a t i o n . ,
, ,
.
. 24.21 24.22.
1138
24. JavaScript...
El
24.15. CheckSeveral. html

<HTML>
<-^>
<T .'"LE>Camp Registration</TITLE>
<!
function clearStatusO
{ status = ""; }
function promptAge() { status = "Age (no fractions)"; }

function promptRankO
{ status = "Rank Name"; }
function promptSerial0
//
//
//
//
//
//
{ status = "Serial Number"; }
JavaScript 1.1+, parseint ,

, NaN.
isNaN(). JavaScript 1.0
, isNaN .
NaN
false, "> " .
function isint(string) {
var val = parseint(string);
return(val > 0 ) ;
// :
// 1) Age .
/ / 2 ) Rank .
// 3) Rank .
// 4) Serial number .
// ,
// .
function checkRegistration() {
var ageField = document.registerForm.ageField;
if (!isInt(ageField.value)) {
alert("Age must be an integer.");
return(false);
}
var rankField = document.registerForm.rankField;
if (isInt(rankField.value)) {
alert("Use rank name, not rank number.");
return(false);
}
if (rankField.value == "") {
alert("Missing rank.");
return(false);
}
var serialField = document.registerForm.serialField;
if (!isInt(serialField.value)) {
alert("Serial number must be an integer.");

return(false);
}
// .
// .
return(true);
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Camp Registration</Hl>
<FORM ACTION="cgi-bin/register"
NAME="registerForm"
onSubmit="return(checkRegistration())">
Age: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="ageField"
onFocus="promptAge()"
onBlur="clearStatus()">
<BR>
Rank: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="rankField"
onFocus="promptRank()"
<BR>
Serial Number: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="serialField"
onFocus="promptSerial()"
<P>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Submit Registration">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Camp Registration
Agcijie"
Rank:}Geek
Senal Number |#FFAA|
!^^pf
~Bi^m(>iiM:^j^^.j^:^m.^^<j
. 24.21.
.
. 24.22. ,

1139
1140
2 4 . JavaScript.
, Netscape, JavaScript 1.2,

== ! =.
" 1 2 3 " == 123 / / f a l s e . J a v a S c r i p t 1 . 2 !
" 7 7 7 " != 777 / / t r u e . J a v a S c r i p t 1 . 2 !
JavaScript .
Internet Explorer ECMAScript,
,
JavaScript 1.2.

JavaScript 1.2 Netscape
== !=.
JavaScript 1.2.
24.7. JavaScript
cookie
cookie ,
Web-. Cookie .
cookie ;
, JavaScript d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e .
. d o c u m e n t ,
c o o k i e , , cookie,
Cookie HTTP-. ,
cookie n a m e l , name2 ,
d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e :
"name1=vail; name2=val2; name3=val3"
, cookie
d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e . cookie
, S e t C o o k i e -. cookie
19.1, .
document.cookie = "namel=vall";
d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e = "name2=val2; e x p i r e s = " + someDate;
d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e =?= " n a m e 3 = v a l 3 ; p a t h = / ; d o m a i n = t e s t . com";
, d o c u m e n t . c o o k i e ,
cookie . Cookie ,
,
. Netscape, Internet
Explorer 5.0 .
!
Internet Expiorer 4.x cooicie,
, .
1141
cookie "Widgets
R Us", 24.16. ,
cookie.
, ; Register Account.
Web- (
), cookie
.
, . -,
, ,
onLoad BODY. ,
Web-
. -, cookie c o o k i e Val. cookie (, "name2")
cookie (, " n a m e l = v a l l ; n a m e 2 = v a l 2 ; n a m e 3 = v a l 3 " ) .
, (.. " v a l 2 " ) .
function cookieVal(cookieName, cookieString) {
var startLoc = cookieString.indexOf(cookieName);
i f ( S t a r t L o c == - 1 ) {
returnC'");
/ / c o o k i e .
}
v a r sepLoc
v a r endLoc
i f (endLoc
endLoc =
= cookieString.indexOf{"=", startLoc);
= cookieString.indexOf(";", startLoc);
== - 1 ) { / / " ; " .
cookieString.length;
return(cookieString.substring(sepLoc+1,
endLoc));
S t r i n g : i n d e x O f
s u b s t r i n g . i n d e x O f .
,
. i n d e x O f , S t r i n g l a s t l n d e x O f ,
).
, -1.
s u b s t r i n g ;
, .
, , ,
. c o o k i e V a l
, s p l i t .
; ,
. S t r i n g 25.31.
c o o k i e V a l
cookie (, , " b a r " )
" f o o = a ; b a r = ; b a z = c " ) (, ,
"quux" " f o o = a ; b a r = ; b a z = c " ) . ,
-, c o o k i e V a l
n u l l ; ,
" cookie ".
, .
1142
24. JavaScript...
. 24.23 24.24
Internet Explorer 5.0. cookie
. ,
cookie , ,
URL, :
javascript:alert(document.cookie)
24.16. Widgets. html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Widgets "R" Us</TITLE>
<!
// , ,
// , cookie.
function storeCookies() {
var expires = "; expires=Monday, 01-Dec-Ol 23:59:59 GMT";
var first = document.widgetForm.firstField.value;
var last = document.widgetForm.lastField.value;
var account = document.widgetForm.accountField.value;
document.cookie = "first=" + first + expires;
document.cookie = "last=" + last + expires;
document.cookie = "account=" + account + expires;
}
// cookie .
function registerAccount() {
StoreCookies();
alert("Registration Successful.");
}
// cookie cookie
// .
function cookieVal(cookieName, cookieString) {
var startLoc = cookieString.indexOf(cookieName);
if (StartLoc == -1) {
return(""); // cookie .
}
var sepLoc = cookieString.indexOf("=", startLoc);
var endLoc = cookieString.indexOf(";", startLoc);
if (endLoc == -1) { // ";".
endLoc = cookieString.length;
}
return(cookieString.substring(sepLoc+1, endLoc));
}
// cookie ,
// .
function presetValues() {
1143
var firstField = document.widgetForm.firstField;

var lastField = document.widgetForm.lastField;
var accountField = document.widgetForm.accountField;
var cookies = document.cookie;
firstField.value = cookieVal("first", cookies);
lastField.value = cookieVal("last", cookies);
accountField.value = cookieVal("account", cookies);
}
// ~ >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" onLoad="presetValues()">
<Hl>Widgets "R" Us</Hl>
<FORM ACTION="servlet/cwp.Widgets"
NAME="widgetForm"
onSubmit="storeCookies()">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="firstField">
<BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="lastField">
<BR>
Account Number: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="accountField">
<BR>
Widget Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="widgetField">
<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Register Account"
onClick="registerAccount()">
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Submit Order">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1^ vBrffliHMiijiBmiffl3r
~}
Widgets "R" Us
Widgets "R" Us
First Name: jLoreen
1 First Name: JLoreen
Last Name: iDeWitt
1 Last Name: JDeWitt
Account Number |1100-BC
1 Account Number |1100-BC
Widget Name jAcme-Ultra-Widget

SubmrtOrdet
1 Widget Name' j
1
l4eg9tasrA<xooot
[^^'
'{gjOone
Submit Ofdef
d
,3Done
. 24.23.
.

Register Account

;(%(]"
. 24.24.
Loreen
,
Web-,

1144
24. JavaScript.
24.8. JavaScript

JavaScript .
f r a m e s Window ,
( Window), .
p a r e n t t o p ,
. Window
25.35. , ,
URL
. , ,

, 4.
URL
l o c a t i o n ,
.
f r a m e s , JavaScript-
. ,
f r a m e ,
l o c a t i o n . .
someFrame.frames["frameName"].location
= "url";
HTML
, :
someFrame.frames.frameName.location
= "url";
, .
p a r e n t , t o p
f r a m e s . ,
.
25.35.
24.17 HTML- ,
: G e t U R L . h t m l ( 24.18) D i s p l a y U R L . h t m l ( 24.19).
, ,
URL. Show URL
. ,
, . ,
:
f u n c t i o n showURLO {
v a r u r l = document . u r l F o r m . u r l F i e l d . valuedparent. displayFrame . l o c a t i o n = u r l ;
}
24.8. JavaScript
1145
, o n C l i c k :
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Show URL"
onClick="showURL()">
Ha . 24.25 24.26 , Internet
Explorer.
2 4 . 1 7 . ShowURL.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Show a URL</TITLE>
</HEAD>
Frameset//EN">
<FRAMESET ROWS="150, *">

<FRAME SRC="GetURL.html" NAME="inputFrame">
<FRAME SRC="DisplayURL.html" NAME="displayFrame">
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>
24.18. GetURL.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Choose a URL</TITLE>
<!
function showURL() {
var url = document .urlForm.urlField. valuedparent .displayFrame. location = url;
// parent.frames["displayFrame"]location = url;
}
function preloadUrlO {
if (navigator.appName == "Netscape") {
document.urlForm.urlField.value =
"http://home.netscape.com/";
} else {
document.urlForm.urlField.value =
"http://www.microsoft.com/";
}
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
1146
24. JavaScript...
<BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" onLoad="preloadUrl()">

<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Choose a URL</H1>
<CENTER>
<FORM N A M E = " u r l F o r m " >
URL: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" N A M E = " u r l F i e l d "
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Show URL"
onClick="showURL()">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
SIZE=35>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2 4 . 1 9 . DisplayURL. html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC " - / / W 3 C / / D T D HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l / / E N " >
<HTML>
<HEAD> < T I T L E > D i s p l a y URL</TITLE>
</HEAD>
< H 2 > E n t e r a URL i n t h e t e x t f i e l d a b o v e . P r e s s
" S h o w URL" t o d i s p l a y i t i n t h i s
frame.</H2>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HQQj^l
iCTBirewRrai
s.^â^^ amm
)imt go ^^ \
'4Eh- '^# ^*
Choose a URL
XJRL: | h t t p : / / h o m e . n e t s c a p e . com/
r-
1 Enter a URL in the textfleld above. Press "Show URL" to display it in this
j frame.
1 "
lOooumfHt.Pfirte
J4
. 24.25. Netscape,

24.8.
JavaScript
1147
^ SIHMW URL Netscape
^ ^' -a A ^ ^ rf's
Choose a URL
SH^wURl I
XJRL" [http://hoine.netscape.com/
Scree_n_J<Ln9s
Tax..Tjrnfi
Kurt Russell ^nd Kevin

Costner lead a gang of
Elvis impersonators on
heist in ' 3 0 0 0 Miles to
Graceland,' Also debuting
this weekend is Brendan
Frasier in 'Monkeybone.'
O y t n n q thii Weekend
ThetaH deadline is fast

approaching. Consult our
comprehensive tan guide
ill the resources you
need to file on time.
N^tsc^pe Tax Guide
EntfirtainniEnt
HOT D t A L S
M
M u s t - H a v e s ! J.Crew
Spring 2 0 0 1 for M e n
Victoria's S e c r e t ; Sv
2 0 0 1 Collection
Swfully Delicious;
G o u r m e t Body Peint
FarcwGit 'Friends'?
4VLftrHtR
NBC's sitcom flagship is

sinking - IS it tinne to
put us out of Its m i s e r y '
Enter Zip Code or City
.i^H>'l
EH
^|
r:^^. ,>
. 24.26. Show URL

, URL ,
. ( Netscape Communications Corp.)

Web-, , .
,
, .
. -,
. ,
, .
, , .
? !
. -,
.
, ,
. , ,
,
, .
JavaScript
f e c u s ( ) .
showURL, G e t U R L . h t m l
.
f u n c t i o n showURLO {
var u r l = document.urlForm.urlField.value;
parent.displayFrame.location = url;
/ / Give frame t h e i n p u t f o c u s
parent.displayFrame.focus 0 ;
}
1148
24. JavaScript.
HTML- .
o n C l i c k AREA,
TARGET, o n S u b m i t FORM.
f o c u s .

3.0 Netscape LiveConnect,
JavaScript Java-.
; Java- ""
Web-.
, HTML, ,
cookie ,
JavaScript-.
Java- JavaScript. 24.10 JavaScript
. .
Java. ,
Java-.
, JavaScript-.
( JavaScript).
JavaScnpt-. , ,
LiveConnect
Web-.
Java
Java JavaScript-
. ,

Java.lang.System.out.println{"Hello
Console");
Java- " H e l l o C o n s o l e " .

Web-, JavaScript-. JavaScript-
new Java-. ,
24.20 Web-,
g e t P r o p e r t y J a v a . l a n g . S y s t e m j a v a . a w t . P o i n t .
. 24.27.
2 4 . 9 . Java JavaScript
1149
24.20. C a l l J a v a . h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Calling Java</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Calling Java</Hl>
document.writeln
("This browser uses a virtual machine from " +
Java.lang.System.getProperty("Java.vendor") + " . " ) ;
var pt = new Java.awt.Point(3, 5 ) ;
pt.translate(7, 5 ) ;
document.writeln("<P>");
document.writeln("Translating (3,5) by (7,5) yields (" +
pt.X + "," + pt. + " ) . " ) ;
// >
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Calling Java
This browser uses a virtual machine from Netscape Communications Corporation.
Translating (3.5) by (7.5) yields (10,10)
. 24.27. JavaScript-
Java , Web-
Java JavaScript-
. -, , ,
JavaScript-. , ,
,
, . -, JavaScript
Java. ,
, J a v a . l a n g . S y s t e m . o u t .
p r i n t I n j a v a . u t i l . S t r i n g T o k e n i z e r ,
.
1150
24. JavaScript...

JavaScript-
, Java
, JavaScript. JavaScript ,
Java-, ""
JavaScript-. JavaScript-
d o c u m e n t . a p p l e t s , ,
, d o c u m e n t . a p p l e t N a m e , a p p l e t N a m e
. JavaScript- ,
p u b l i c . , , A c o u s t i c s
Web-
. Web-
:
<APPLET CODE="Acoustics" WIDTH=10 HEIGHT=10
NAME="acoustics">
</APPLET>
g e t S i g n a l E x c e s s :
function signalExcess(...) {
return(document.acoustics.getSignalExcess
(...));
24.21 Web- ,
.
, .
JavaScript -, Web (. 24.28 24.22),
I n e t A d d r e s s . g e t L o c a l H o s t .
, Web-,
,
(. 24.29, 24.23). ,
, (. 24.30, 24.24).
2 4 . 2 1 . Wonder-Widget. h t m l
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>WonderWidget</TITLE>
<SCRIPT
<!
function c o n t a i n s ( s t r i n g , substring) {
return(string.indexOf(substring)
!= - 1 ) ;
}
Transitional//EN">
function showResume() {
if (contains(document.gethost.getHost(),
"widgets-r-us.com")) {
location = "ResumeLoyal.html";
} else {
location = "ResumeReal.html";
}
return(false) ;
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>WonderWidget</Hl>
<APPLET CODE="GetHost" WIDTH=10 HEIGHT=10 NAME="gethost">
</APPLET>
Description:
<UL>
<LI>Name: Wonder Widget
<LI>Serial Number: 1544X
<LI>Cost: $7.95 (plus 22.50 shipping and handling)
<LI>Designer:
<A HREF="ResumeLoyal.html" onClick="return(showResume())">
J. Random Hacker</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.22.GetHost.java
import Java . applet .Appletsimport java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
public class GetHost extends Applet {
private String host;
public void initO {
try {
host = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
host = "Unknown Host";
}
}
public String getHost () {
return(host);
}
}
1151
1152
24. JavaScript.
^ W o n d e t W k ^ l ^ Netscape
Efc cft yiew So jQocnmunicator
^^ y'^ J - ^
!jvi ,.> f^' ti
1;
i;
WonderWidget
Description:
Name: WonderWidget
Senal Number: 1544X
Cost $7 95 (plus 22.50 shipping and handling)
Designer J Fvandom Hacker
' ''--i.^
lis
Dcxumertl, bont
;^
i^
5l ~> *si'
iM -
. 24.28.
,

dk Vtew go Qomnnfiirlicata
: ^'^ -r
3 ^Jt ^
Widgets R Us
J. Random Hacker has been a loyal employee of Widgets R. Us, Inc,
for five years During that time he has selflessly worked on a number of
projects that have greatly benefited the company. His most recent
achievement is the Wonder W-dpet.
Apptet getl-tos* ;rtopped
i:i!
^^
. 24.29. " J .
Random Hacker"
w i d g e t s - r - u s

JavaScript-,

Vievt go CommunKatot
J. Random Hacker
looking for job!
For the last five years, I've been undeald and underappreciated by
Widgets R Us, Inc. Now^ I'm ready to take my immense talents'
elsewhere. Who will open the bidding?
:a^ ~4^>-
?\ppiet gethosi itopped
J - ' ZM \ ^
. 24.30. ,
,
Web- " ",

2 4 . 2 3 . ResumeLoyal. html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC " - / / W 3 C / / D T D HTML 4 . 0
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Widgets R Us</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Widgets R Us</Hl>
Transitioanl//EN">
1153
<B>J. Random Hacker</B> has been a loyal employee of Widgets

R. Us^ Inc, for five years. During that time he has
selflessly worked on a number of projects that have greatly
benefited the company. His most recent achievement is the
<A HREF="Wonder--Widget.html">Wonder Widget</A>.
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.24. ResxjmeReal. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>J. Random Hacker</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<H1>J. Random Hacker</Hl>
<H2>I*m looking for a job!</H2>
For the last five years, I've been underpaid and
underappreciated by Widgets R Us, Inc. Now I'm ready to take
my immense talents elsewhere. Who will open the bidding?
</BODY>
</HTML>
,
, ,
JavaScript-. :
" ?".
.
-,
. ,
, HTML, Java.
-, , , , Java-
, ,
SUBMIT . Java- .
-, JavaScript
, . , 24.25
Web-, "",
. Start Stop
. JavaScript . 24.31 24.32.
1154
24. JavaScript..
24.25. MoldSimulation. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Mold Propagation Simulation</TITLE>
// ,
// .
function startCircles() {
for (var i=0; i<docuinent. applets . length; i++) {
document.applets[i].startCircles() ;
}
}
// ,
// .
function stopCircles() {
for (var i=0; i<docuinent. applets . length; i++) {
document.applets[i].stopCircles();
}
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#C0C0C0">
<Hl>Mold Propagation Simulation</Hl>
<APPLET CODE="RandomCircles.class" WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=75>
</APPLET>
<P>
</APPLET>
<P>
</APPLET>
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Start Simulations"
onClick="startCircles ()">
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Stop Simulations"
onClick="stopCircles ()">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.26. RandomCircles. Java

/** .
*
* .
V
public class RandomCircles extends Applet
private boolean drawCircles = falserpublic void initO {
}
public void startCircles() {
t.start 0 ;
}
public void run() {
Color[] colors = { Color.lightGray, Color.gray,
Color.darkGray, Color.black };
int colorlndex = 0;
int X, y;
int width = getSize().width;
int height == getSize () .heightsGraphics g = getGraphics();
drawCircles = true;
while(drawCircles) {
X = (int)Math.round(width * Math.random());
= (int)Math.round(height * Math.random());
g.setColor(colors[colorlndex]);
colorlndex = (colorlndex + 1 ) % colors.length;
g.fillOvaKx, y, 10, 10);
pause(0.1) ;
}
}
public void stopCircles() {
drawCircles = false;
}
private void pause(double seconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep((int)(Math.round(seconds * 1000.0)));
}
1155
1156
24. JavaScript.
!
^ ^ i^BS
liiP
|
^
^
1
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. 24.32.
.
Java JavaScript
2 4 . 1 0 . JavaScript Java
1157
LiveConnect Java- JavaScript, JavaScript.
n e t s c a p e . j a v a s c r i p t . J S O b j e c t JavaScript-,
. ,
e v a l JavaScript-.
e v a l , -
JavaScript, Java. JavaScript Java,
.
1. JSObject.
2. JSObject ,
3. JavaScript- .
4. JavaScript-.
5. JavaScript-.
6. JavaScript-.
7. Web-.
.
J S O b j e c t
J S O b j e c t Netscape 4 JAll-
j a v a 4 0 .
. Windows 98
NetscapeInstallPath\Program\Java\Classes\
N e t s c a p e I n s t a l l P a t h ,
Netscape. , ,
Find () .
UNIX ,
Netscape.
:
Unix> cd / u s r / l o c a l
Unix> f i n d . -name j a v a 4 0 - p r i n t
, CLASS PATH;
Java JAR-.
a p p l e t v i e w e r CLASSPATH ,
. Netscape, Internet
Explorer , CLASSPATH, ,
CLASSPATH .
JAR-, j a r x f
j a v a 4 0 . j a r , J S O b j e c t . c l a s s .
, , ,
Netscape. , J S O b j e c t
, .
1158
24. JavaScript.
JSObject
:
import n e t s c a p e . j a v a s c r i p t . J S O b j e c t ;
JavaScript-
, ,
getWindow JSObject:
JSObject window =
JSObject.getWindow(this);
//
this=ae
JSOb j e c t .
JavaScript-
JavaScript,
getMember. getMember
JavaScript-. :
JSObject document =
(JSObject)window.getMember("document");
S t r i n g cookies =
(String)document.cookie;
JSObject someForm =
(JSObject)document.getMember("someFormName");
JSObject someElement =
(JSObject)someForm.getMember("someElementName");
g e t S l o t .
JavaScript-
setMember. :
document.setMember("bgColor", " r e d " ) ;
someElement.setMember("value", " t e x t f i e l d v a l u e " ) ;
, setMember Object,
. ,
, i n t i n t V a l u e I n t e g e r
new I n t e g e r ( i n t V a l u e ) ;
. , ,
JavaScript-, e v a l (. ).
JavaScript-
JavaScript- c a l l ,
JavaScript-, ,
e v a l . c a l l ;
e v a l . :
S t r i n g [ ] message = { "An a l e r t message" };
w i n d o w . c a l l ( " a l e r t " , message);
window.eval("alert('An a l e r t message')");
24.1 . JavaScript Java
1159
Web-
Web-, ,
.
.
MAY SCRIPT APPLET. :
<APPLET CODE=... WIDTH=... HEIGHT=... MAYSCRIPT>
</APPLET>
Web-
, ,
, Web-,
,
. , ,
; PARAM.
, (
<BODY> <PARAM>).
Web- . LiveConnect
Document .
, , 24.27 24.28.
2 4 . 2 7 . MatchColor. j a v a
import netscape.javascript.JSObject;
public class MatchColor extends Applet {
public void initO {
JSObject window = JSObject.getWindow(this); // this=ae
JSOb ject document = (JSOb ject) window. getMember ("dociMnent") ;
// , "#ffOOOO"
String pageColor = (String)document.getMember("bgColor");
// , parseint("ff0000", 16) --> 16711680
int bgColor =
Integer.parseint(pageColor.substring(1, 7 ) , 16);
setBackground(new Color(bgColor));
}
}
24.28. MatchColor. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>MatchColor</TITLE>
</HEAD>
1160
24. JavaScript...
<BODY BGCOLOR="RED">
<Hl>MatchColor</Hl>
<APPLET CODE="MatchColor.class" WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=300 MAYSCRIPT>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
,
. 24.29 Web,
: , , ,
. HTML-,
.
, HTML-,
.
, .
. 24.33.
2 4 . 2 9 . E v e r e s t . html
<1D0CTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Design Your T r e k ! < / T I T L E >
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Transitional//EN">
<APPLET C O D E = " E v e r e s t . c l a s s " WIDTH=400 HEIGHT=600

MAYSCRIPT ALIGN="LEFT">
</APPLET>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Design Your T r e k ! < / H l >
To s e e a l i s t i n g of t h e t r e k s t h a t i n t e r e s t y o u , e n t e r t h e
d e s i r e d a l t i t u d e (up t o 2 9 , 0 0 0 f e e t ) and t h e maximum c o s t you
t h i n k y o u r b u d g e t c a n a f f o r d . Then c h o o s e "Show T r e k s " b e l o w .
W e ' l l show a l i s t of a l l p l a n n e d High P e a k s T r a v e l e x p e d i t i o n s
t h a t a r e u n d e r t h a t p r i c e and r e a c h t h e d e s i r e d a l t i t u d e o r
higher.
<P>
You can enter values directly in the textfields. Alternatively,
select a cost with the slider. Also, clicking the mouse on the
mountain peak will set the altitude.
i
<CENTER>
<FORM ACTION="servlet/trekOptions" NAME="highPeaksForm">
<B>Desired Altitude:</B>
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="altitudeField">
<BR>
<B>Maximum Cost:</B>
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="costField">
<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Show Treks">

</FORM>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>
24.30.Everest.java
import
import
import
import
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Java.applet.Applet;
java.awt.*;
Java.awt.event.^;
netscape.j avascript.JSObject;
, .

HTML-, .

HTML-.
, -
2 9000 . HTML-
highPeaksForm,
costField altitudeField.
<APPLET ...> MAYSCRIPT.
V
public class Everest extends Applet {
private Image mountainsprivate JSObject window, document, highPeaksForm,
costField, altitudeField;
private int width, heightspublic void init() {
mountain = getlmage(getCodeBase(), "images/peakS.gif");
width = getSize (). widthsheight = getSize().height;
// ,
preparelmage(mountain, width, height, this);
Font sliderFont = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 18);
LabeledCostSlider costSlider =
new LabeledCostSlider("Specify a maximum cost:",
SliderFont, 2000, 20000, 5000,
this);
add(costSlider, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
//
// 29000 ( ) ( ).
//
// JavaScript.
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) {
1161
1162
24. JavaScript...
System.out.println("Mouse Move at : " + event.getY());

setAltitudeField((height - event.getY()) * 29000 / height);
}
});
// HTML
// JavaScript.
window = JSObject.getWindow(this) ; // 8=
dociiment = (JSObject) window. getMember ("docioment") ;
highPeaksForm =
(JSObject) docimient. getMember ("highPeaksForm") ;
costField =
(JSObject)highPeaksForm.getMember("costField");
altitudeField =
(JSObject)highPeaksForm.getMember("altitudeField");
setCostField(5000);
setAltitudeField(15000);
}
g.drawlmage(mountain, 0, 0, width, height, this);
}
/** JavaScript. */
public void setCostField(int val) {
costField.setMember("value", String.valueOf(val));
}
/** JavaScript. */
private void setAltitudeField(int val) {
altitudeField.setMember("value", String.valueOf(val));
}
E v e r e s t , .
L a b e l e d C o s t S l i d e r
. 24.33. L a b e l e d C o s t S l i d e r 24.31.
C o s t S l i d e r ( 24.32) S l i d e r (
24.33) ,
. S l i d e r S c r o l l b a r
Text F i e Id.
tniglyj
^&1 <t ^m Qp Qemttjeioeiat ]>
Design Your
Trek!
"I i. jee a bstaig of the treks ttat loterest
you, tract tbe dusked ahitude (t^ to
29,000 feet) liie cost you
your budget can afford. Tlxea
dwose "Show Treks" belofw. Well
show 8 list of pk&ned
Travel expedmons that arc under i b ^
price and reach the desired altitude or
hi^cr'
You car. enter vabcs directly b the
testfields. AJternativdy, select a cost
with the sSder, Also, cbcking the mouse
on the mmwitajn peak '-^î^ ^^'^ tv..
altitude.
Desired AJtthiid^
Mkdmnin Cost:
Specify maximum cost:

j-jiûs'
. 24.33.

HTML-
24.31. LabeledCostSlider. java

import j ava.awt.*;
/** CostSlider , . */
public class LabeledCostSlider extends Panel {
public LabeledCostSlider(String labelString,
Font labelFont,
int minValue, int maxValue,
int initialValue,
Everest app) {
Label label = new Label(labelString, Label.CENTER);
if (labelFont != null) {
label.setFont(labelFont) ;
}
add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH);
CostSlider slider = new CostSlider(minValue,
1163
1164
24. JavaScript...
maxValue^
initialValue,
app) ;
add(slider, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
24.32.CostSlider.java
/** Slider,
* Everest setCostField
* .
public class CostSlider extends Slider {

private Everest app;
public CostSlider(int minValue, int maxValue,
int initialValue, Everest app) {
super(minValue, maxValue, initialValue);
this.app = app;
}
public void doAction(int value) {
app.setCostField(value);
}
24.33.Slider.java
import j ava.awt.*;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
,
( Scrollbar) (
TextField) .

, , setEditable(true),

.
public class Slider extends Panel implements ActionListener,

AdjustmentListener {
private Scrollbar scrollbar;
private TextField textfield;
private ScrollbarPanel scrollbarPanel;
private int preferredWidth = 250;
/** ,
* .
* 1/10 .
24.10. JavaScript Java
public Slider(int minValue, int maxValue, int initialValue)

this(minValue, maxValue, initialValue,
(maxValue - minValue)/10);
}
/**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
,
,
. ,
. ,
20, - 320,
30 , 10%
.
public Slider(int minValue, int maxValue, int initialValue,

int bubbleSize) {
maxValue = maxValue + bubbleSize;
scrollbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL,
initialValue, bubbleSize,
minValue, maxValue);
scrollbar.addAdjustmentListener(this) ;
scrollbarPanel = new ScrollbarPanel(6);
scrollbarPanel.add(scrollbar, BorderLayout.CENTER);
add(scrollbarPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
textfield = new TextField(numDigits(maxValue) + 1 ) ;
textfield.addActionListener(this);
setFontSize(12);
textfield.setEditable(false);
setTextFieldValue();
add(textfield, BorderLayout.EAST);
}
/**
* .
public void doAction(int value) {
}
/**
* .
String value = textfield.getText();
int oldValue = getValueO;
try {
setValue(Integer.parseInt(value.trim()));
setValue(oldValue);
}
}
/**
* .
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent event) {
1165
1166
24. JavaScript.
doAction(scrollbar.getValue());
}
/** Scrollbar, Slider. */
public Scrollbar getScrollbar() {
return(scrollbar);
}
/** TextField, Slider */
public TextField getTextField() {
return(textfield);
}
/ ,
* .
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
Dimension d = super.getPreferredSize();
d.height = textfield.getPreferredSize().height;
d.width = Math.max(d.width, preferredWidth);
return(d);
}
public Dimension getMinimumSize() {
return(getPreferredSize() ) ;
}
/** ,
* .
* ( 150).
public int getPreferredWidth {
return(preferredWidth) ;
}
/** ,
* .
* ( 150).
public void setPreferredWidth(int preferredWidth) {
this.preferredWidth = preferredWidth;
}
/** */
public int getValue {
return(scrollbar.getValue());
}
/ .
* ,
*
* .
*/
24.1 . JavaScript Java
public void setValue(int value) {

scrollbar.setValue(value);
}
/** ^
* .
public int getMarginsO {
return(scrollbarPanel.getMargins());
}
/ ,
* .
public void setMargins(int margins) {
scrollbarPanel.setMargins(margins);
}
/** .
* getValue,
* .
V
public String getText() {
return(textfield.getText() ) ;
}
/ .
"^ ,
* , ,
* .
V
public void setText(String text) {
textfield.setText(text) ;
}
/** Font,
* .
* Courier 12 .
public Font getFontO {
return(textfield.getFont());
}
/** , . */
public void setFont(Font textFieldFont) {
textfield.setFont(textFieldFont);
}
/** . */
public int getFontSize() {
return(getFont().getSize());
}
1167
1168
24. JavaScript.
/** ,
* [ .
V
public void setFontSize(int size) {
setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.BOLD, size));
}
/** ,
* . ,
* ,
* .
* ,
* .
* .
V
public boolean isEditableO {
return(textfield.isEditable());
}
/** ,
* .
public void setEditable(boolean editable) {
textfield.setEditable(editable);
}
// ,
// .
private void setTextFieldValue () {
int value = scrollbar.getValue();
int digits = numDigits(scrollbar.getMaximum());
String valueString = padString(value, digits);
textfield.setText(valueString);
}
// ,
//
// .
private String padString(int value, int digits) {
String result = String.valueOf(value);
for(int i=result.length 0 ; i<digits; i++) {
result = " " + result;
}
return(result + " " ) ;
}
// .
private static final double LNIO = Math.log(10.0);
private static int numDigits(int num) {
return(1 + (int)Math.floor(Math.log((double)num)/LNIO));
}
1169
24.34. Scrollbar Panel. Java

/** Panel .
V
public class ScrollbarPanel extends Panel {
private Insets insets;
public ScrollbarPanel(int margins) {
setMargins(margins);
}
public Insets insets 0 {
return(insets) ;
}
public int getMarginsO {
return(insets.top);
}
public void setMargins(int margins) {
this.insets = new Insets(margins, 0, margins, 0 ) /
}
}
JSObject
JSObject . JSObject
f i n a l , . . .
public Object call(String methodName, Object[] args)
JavaScript- .
public Object eval(String javaScriptCode)
JavaScript-.
public Object getMember(String propertyName)
getMember .
.
public Object getSlot(int array Index)
.
.
1170
24. JavaScript...
p u b l i c static J S O b j e c t g e t W i n d o w ( A p p l e t applet)
JavaScript- Window,
, .
public void r e m o v e M e m b e r ( S t r i n g p r o p e r t y N a m e )
removeMember .
public void s e t M e m b e r ( S t r i n g p r o p e r t y N a m e , Object value)
.
public v o i d setSlot(int a r r a y l n d e x , Object value)
.
24.11.
, JavaScript
. JavaScript- .
HTML- Web-.
HTML-.
cookie.
Java JavaScript.
Window, Document, N a v i g a t o r
JavaScript 1.2.
, JavaScript-.
JAVASCRIPT
...
, , : Naviga
t o r , P l u g i n , Screen .
, HTML-: window.
Document, L a y e r , Image .
, HTML-
(Form, Text, B u t t o n , S e l e c t ) ,
,
.
: s t r i n g . A r r a y , F u n c t i o n ,
Math, Date .
: RegExp.
Lry\zj.3z:j
JavaScript
. , ,
, JavaScript 1.2. JavaScript 1.2
Netscape, Internet Explorer 4.0 .
JavaScript h t t p : / / d e v e l o p e r .
netscape.com/docs/manuals/javascript.html.
2 5 . 1 . Array
JavaScript
. JavaScript 1.1
A r r a y .
n e w
.
. :
v a r = new A r r a y ( ) ;
[12] = "foo";
/ / .length =
/ / . l e n g t h = 13
n e w Array(length)
.
, l e n g t h - 1 .
n u l l .
1174
25. JavaScript
, JavaScript 1.2,
Netscape.
, , ,
, . Internet
Explorer . Netscape
JavaScript 1.3.
n e w Array(entryO, entry 1 , . . . , entryN)
N, .
[entryO, entry 1 , . . . , e n t r y N ]
"" . ,
:
v a r a l = new A r r a y C ' f o o " , " b a r " , " b a z " ) ;
v a r a2 = [ " f o o " , " b a r " , " b a z " ] ;
length
.
. l e n g t h
, .
, .
, ,
u n d e f i n e d (
n u l l == t r u e ) .
concat(secondArray)
,
, ( s e c o n d A r r a y ) .
join()
j o i n ( d e l i m i t e r String)
,
.
,
, d e l i m i t e r S t r i n g (
).
reverse()
.
.
2 5 . 1 . Array
1175
slice(startlndex)
slice(startlndex, endlndex)
s l i c e ,
s t a r t l n d e x endlndex, . s t a r t l n d e x
, endlndex .
sort()
sort(comparisonFunction)
(. . s o r t )
, .

( c o m p a r i s o n F u n c t i o n ) .
.
, "" ,
, "", ,
"" . ,
maxSpeed .
function slower(carl, 2) {
return(carl.maxSpeed - car2.maxSpeed);
}
25.1

( maxSpeed). . 25.1.
25.1. Sort.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Sorting</TITLE>
<!
function makeObjectTable(name, object) {
document.writeln("<H2>" + name + "</H2>") ;
document.writeln("<TABLE BORDER=l>\n" +
" <TR><TH>Field<TH>Value") ;
for(field in object) {
document.writeln(" <TR><TD>" + field + "<TD>" +
object[field]);
}
document.writeln("</TABLE>");
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Sorting</Hl>
<!
1176
25. JavaScript
function carStringO {
return("Car{" + this.maxSpeed + " } " ) ;
}
function Car(maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
this.toString = carString;
}
function slower(carl, car2) {
return(carl.maxSpeed - car2.maxSpeed);
}
var cars = new Array(new Car(10), new Car(20),
new Car(30), new Car(25),
new Car(15), new Car(5));
// ~ >
</SCRIPT>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
<!
makeObjectTable("Original Car Array", cars);
// >
</SCRIPT>
<TD><PRE>
</PRE>
<TD><SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript">
<!
cars.sort(slower) ;
makeObjectTable("Sorted Array (slow to fast)", cars)
// >
</SCRIPT>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
file
'
yw
Favorite
lixjl
Hefc ""
"H
Sorting
Original Car Array
Field
Value
Sorted Arra
Vle
Car{lO}
10
Cttr{5}
Cai{20}
il
C<u-{10}
.Car{ 30} :
{15}
:Car{25}
;3
Car {20}
:{15}
|4
4{25}
Car{5}
,5
Car{30)
J Dane
:/<:?<-1'1"
''îAifCcnpdtmW^%
. 25.1. JavaScript
,

25.2. Button
1177
25.2. Button
B u t t o n , .. ,
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" . . . >.
B u t t o n ,
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"
...>H<INPUT
TYPE="RESET"
. . . > ,
SUBMIT RESET S u b m i t R e s e t .
B u t t o n e l e m e n t s ,
, , d o c u m e n t . f ormName . b u t t o n N a m e ,
f ormName , a b u t t o n N a m e .
form
, , Form,
, .
name
NAME,
name. .
type
B u t t o n b u t t o n .
SUBMIT RESET s u b m i t r e
s e t . E l e m e n t t y p e ,
. t y p e .
value
,
. SUBMIT
.
blurO
.
clickO
,
, o n C l i c k . SUBMIT
RESET c l i c k s u b m i t r e s e t .
1178
25. JavaScript
focus()
f o c u s .

onblur()
.
o n B l u r , .
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" . . .
onBlur="doSomeAction()">
onclickO
o n c l i c k , .
c l i c k o n c l i c k .
o n C l i c k , .
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" . . .
onClick="doSomeAction()">
f a l s e , ,
(,
) , . :
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" . . .
onClick="return(maybeReset())">
o n S u b m i t o n R e s e t ,
.
ondblclickO
o n d b l c l i c k .
o n c l i c k .
o n D b l C l i c k ; Macintosh Netscape 6.
onfocusO
on f o c u s , .
o n F o c u s .
25.3. Checkbox
C h e c k b o x , .. ,
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" . . . >. )^
Checkbox e l e m e n t s , ,
, d o c u m e n t . f ormName . checkboxName, f ormName
, a checkboxName .
25.3. Checkbox
1179
checked
, , ,
, ,
.
defaultChecked
d e f a u l t C h e c k e d , ,
.
CHECKED .
form
, , Form,
.
, , ,
NAME.
type
" c h e c k b o x " .
t y p e E l e m e n t ,
, f o r m , e l e m e n t s .
t y p e .
value
, , ,
,
, .
blurO
.
clickO
,
, o n C l i c k .
focus()
f o c u s .
1180
25. JavaScript

onblur()
.
o n B l u r , .
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" . . .
onclickO
o n c l i c k ,
. c l i c k o n c l i c k .
o n C l i c k .
onfocusO
o n f OCUS , .
on F o c u s .
25.4. Date
D a t e
.
n e w Date()
D a t e , .
n e w Date(year, m o n t h , day)
D a t e , .
n e w Date(year, m o n t h , day, h r s , m i n s , sees)
D a t e , .
n e w Date("month day, year hrs:mins:secs")
D a t e .
(month), . :
var bOay = new Date("January 30, 1962 00:00:00");
new Date(millisecondsSinceEpoch)
D a t e ,
, .. (GMT)
1970 .
25.4. Date
1181
, p a r s e D a t e UTC
D a t e , "" D a t e (..
). D a t e . p a r s e D a t e
Date.UTC. s o m e D a t e O b j e c t .
m e t h o d ( a r g s ) , s o m e D a t e O b j e c t D a t e , m e t h o d , a a r g s
.
getDateO
setDate(dayOfMonth)

. 1 31.
getDayO
g e t Day .
; , 6 .
getHoursO
setHours(hours)
.
23.
getMinutesO
setMinutes(minutes)
g e t M i n u t e s ,
g e t H o u r s . s e t M i n u t e s
.
59.
getMonthO
setMonth(monthlndex)
.
() 11 ().
getSecondsO
setSeconds(seconds)
, )',
g e t M i n u t e s . 59.
1182
25. JavaScript
getTimeO
setTime(millisecondsSincepoch)
g e t T i m e , s e t T i m e ,
(GMT) 1 1970 .
getTimezoneOffsetO
GMT .
getFuUYearO
setFullYear(year)
, g e t F u l l Y e a r , , D a t e ,
, . , s e t F u l l Y e a r ,
D a t e ,
1 1970 . , D a t e . ,
g e t F u l l Y e a r / s e t F u l l Y e a r JavaScript 1.0
,
, , .
parse(dateString)
D a t e .
D a t e . p a r s e .
,
, 1
1970 . p a r s e IETF,
Internet ( t o G M T S t r i n g ) . :
// .
var dateString = "Wed, 3 Sep 1997 08:30:00 -0700";
var dl = new Date(Date.parse(dateString));
// .
document.writeln(dl.toLocaleString());
p a r s e "Month Day, Y e a r "
(" , "),
( ). IETF
(, EDT).
toGMTStringO
, ,
GMT. IETF (.
parse).
toLocaleStringO
t o L o c a l e S t r i n g ,
D a t e .
.
25.5. Document
1183
UTC(year, m o n t h , day)
UTC(year, m o n t h , day, hrs)
UTC(year, m o n t h , day, h r s , mins)
UTC(year, m o n t h , day, hrs, m i n s , sees)
D a t e .
Date.UTC. ,
, GMT (
, UTC).
, 1 1970 .

. D a t e
HTML-.
25.5. Document
! Window docnent,
, .
w i n d o w , d o c u m e n t , , , d o c u m e n t .
alinkColor
,
. ALINK <BODY>
HEAD (
, BODY). a l i n k C o l o r
.
anchors
a n c h o r s A n c h o r ,
< NAME= . . . >.
applets
)^ A p p l e t ,
<APPLET . . . >.
<APPLET> )^ MAYSCRIPT,
JavaScnpt-.
. 24.9.
bgColor
, .
BGCOLOR
1184
25. JavaScript
<BODY>, . b g C o l o r
, . :
document.bgColor = "red";
document.bgColor = "#OOFFOO"; //
cookie
, , ,
cookie, . c o o k i e
cookie, ( . 24.7).
domain
d o m a i n , Internet-,
. . JavaScript
,
(, ,
Java-.
JavaScript Java . 24.9.
embeds
)' J a v a O b j e c t ,
EMBED .
Java-,
, . e m b e d s
p l u g i n s .
fgColor
,
. f g C o l o r
TEXT <BODY> ,
HEAD . f g C o l o r )^ .
forms
, Form,
<FORM . . . >.
Form 25.8.
images
Image,
<IMG . . . >. . 24.5.
lastModified
l a s t M o d i f i e d .
, Web-
, , l a s t M o d i f i e d .
)' .
25.5. Document
1185
linkColor
.
, ,
. l i n k C o l o r
LINK <BODY>
HEAD . )' .
links
L i n k ,
< HREF. . . >.
location
l o c a t i o n , ,
L o c a t i o n , window, l o c a t i o n , URL,
. d o c u m e n t . URL
URL.
plugins
e m b e d s . ,
p l u g i n s P l u g i n , J a v a O b j e c t
, , .
, ,
n a v i g a t o r . p l u g i n s .
referrer
r e f e r r e r (, ),
URL . ,
Web-.
.
title
t i t l e , <TITLE>.
.
URL
, URL . .
vlinkColor
.
, ,
. v l i n k C o l o r
VLINK <BODY>
HEAD . v l i n k C o l o r .
1186
25. JavaScript
close()
.
, . o p e n
c l o s e .
getSelectionO
g e t S e l e c t i o n , .
()
open(mimeType)
o p e n ( m i m e T y p e , "replace")
.
, w r i t e
w r i t e l n . o p e n
-.
"replace",
, .
write(argl, a r g 2 , . . . , argN)
w r i t e l n ( a r g l , a r g 2 , . . . , argN)
;
.

Document . o n l o a d
o n u n l o a d <BODY> Window,
Document.
25.6. Element
E l e m e n t
e l e m e n t s Form. Form d o c u m e n t . f o r m s
, , d o c u m e n t . f ormName,
f ormName . e l e m e n t s
E l e m e n t , : B u t t o n , Checkbox
.. ,
.
E l e m e n t .
;
.
25.6. Element
1187
checked
Checkbox Radio.
defaultChecked
Checkbox Radio.
defaultValue
FileUpload, Password, Text Textarea.
form
Element HTML, .
length
S e l e c t .
name
Element
HTML- NAME.
options
Select.
selectedlndex
Select.
type
JavaScript LI Element
. t y p e
: b u t t o n , checkbox, f i l e , hidden, password, r a d i o , r e s e t ,
select-one, select-multiple,submit,text textarea.
value
Element ,
. .
,
Element.
.
1188
25. JavaScript
blurO
E l e m e n t
H i d d e n .
clickO
Button, Checkbox, Radio, Reset Submit.
focus()
E l e m e n t
H i d d e n .
select()
E l e m e n t ,
, : F i l e U p l o a d , P a s s w o r d , T e x t T e x t a r e a .

E l e m e n t .
onblur()
E l e m e n t
H i d d e n .
onchange()
F i l e U p l o a d , P a s s w o r d , T e x t T e x t a r e a .
onclickO
Button, Checkbox, Radio, Reset
Submit.
ondblclick()
B u t t o n , R e s e t S u b m i t .
onfocus()
E l e m e n t
H i d d e n .
25.7. FileUpload
F i l e U p l o a d ,
<INPUT TYPE="FILE" . . . >.
e l e m e n t s , Form.
25.7. FileUpload
1189
form
, ,
Form, .
name
NAME,
. name .
type
f i l e . t y p e
E l e m e n t ,
.
value
v a l u e ,
VALUE. .
blurO
.
focus()
.
select()
. ,
, .

onblurO
.
o n b l u r o n B l u r , :
<INPUT TYPE="FILE" . . .
onchange()
on c h a n g e ,
.
o n C h a n g e .
1190
25. JavaScript
onfocusO
o n f o c u s , o n F o c u s ,
.
25.8. Form
Form HTML- Form. Form
d o c u m e n t . f o r m s . ,
d o c u m e n t . f ormName, f ormName .
action
, URL,
. a c t i o n ,
.
elements
e l e m e n t s , E l e
m e n t . ,
HTML-. E l e m e n t 25.6.
encoding
, .
ENCTYPE.
e n c o d i n g , .
method
, METHOD,
g e t , p o s t . m e t h o d
, .
target
t a r g e t , ,
, .

TARGET.
reset()
o n r e s e t , ,
t r u e ,
, . ,
RESET.
25.9. Function
1191
submit()
,
o n s u b m i t .

onreset()
RESET
r e s e t . o n r e s e t
onReset.
<FORM A C T I O N = " . . . "
...
onReset="return(maybeReset())">
onsubmit()
o n s u b m i t SUBMIT.
s u b m i t o n s u b m i t .
o n S u b m i t .
<FORM A C T I O N = " . . . " . . .
onSubmit="return(validateEntries ())">
o n s u b m i t . 24.6.
25.9. Function
F u n c t i o n JavaScript.
n e w Function(argOName,... , a r g N N a m e , bodyString)
.
,
.
function square() { return( * ) ; }
square = new Function("", "return( * )");
arguments
,
. a r g u m e n t s
.
:
1192
25. JavaScript
function sum {
var t o t a l = 0;
f o r ( v a r i=0; i < a r g u m e n t s . l e n g t h ; i++) {
t o t a l = t o t a l + arguments[i];
}
return(total) ;
}
arity
, ,
, .
a r i t y ,
arguments . l e n g t h .
caller
Function,
.
, c a l l e r n u l l .
.
prototype
p r o t o t y p e ,
. p r o t o t y p e .
24.3.
F u n c t i o n ,
Obj e c t .

. F u n c t i o n
HTML-.
25.10. Hidden
Hidden ,
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" . . . >.
e l e m e n t s Form. ,
document. formName . elementName,
formName , elementName .
2 5 . 1 1 . History
1193
form
, ,
Form, .
name
, , ,
NAME.
type
t y p e h i d d e n .
value
,
.
2 5 . 1 1 . History
H i s t o r y .
JavaScript, .
H i s t o r y h i s t o r y Window, .
w i n d o w , h i s t o r y h i s t o r y .
current
JavaScript- URL . c u r
r e n t .
length
URL,
.
next
, n e x t , URL
. .
1194
25. JavaScript
previous
p r e v i o u s ,
URL .
.

.
forwardO

.
go(n)
(
) ( ) .

. H i s t o r y
HTML-.
25.12. Image
Image , HTML-
<IMG SRC=" . . . " . . . >. Image
d o c u m e n t . i m a g e s . ,
d o c u m e n t . imageName, imageName
.
JavaScript. . 24.5.
n e w I m a g e ( w i d t h , height)
I m a g e ,
. Image , ,
s r c ,
. ,
s e t Image .
Image . 24.5.
2 5 . 1 2 . Image
1195
border
,
, .
b o r d e r , ,
BORDER IMG.
complete
, ,
, , .
height
h e i g h t ,
HEIGHT, , HEIGHT ,
. .
hspace
h s p a c e
. ;
HSPACE.
lowsrc
Netscape ( Internet Explorer) LOWSRC
IMG, ,
.
, LOWSRC,
l o w s r c . , .
name
, ,
, NAME.
src
, URL
, . s r c , .
vspace
v s p a c e , ,
.
VSPACE.
width
w i d t h ,
WIDTH, , WIDTH ,
. .
1196
25. JavaScript

onabort()
,
, S t o p ,
Web-. o n a b o r t
o n A b o r t , .
<IMG S R C = " . . . "
...
onAbort="takeSomeAction()">
onerror()
o n e o r , ,
, .
o n e o r .
<IMG S R C = " . . . " . . .
onError="alert Error loading
image')">
n u l l o n E r r o r .
<IMG SRC="..." ...
onError ="null">
onload()
o n l o a d , .
s r c .
o n l o a d onLoad.
<IMG S R C = " . . . "
...
onLoad="startImageAnimation()">
s t a r t l m a g e A n i m a t i o n
s r c , , , s t a r t l m a g e A n i m a t i o n .
25.13. JavaObject
J a v a O b j e c t JavaScript- Java ()
d o c u m e n t . e m b e d s , Java-.
,
f o r / i n . , (reflection), Java 1.1 .
2 5 . 1 4 . JavaPackage
1197
25.14. JavaPackage
J a v a P a c k a g e J a v a , n e t s c a p e , s u n
P a c k a g e s Window. Java-;
, J a v a . l a n g . S y s t e m . g e t P r o p e r t y .
. 24.9.
25.15. Layer
Netscape 4.0 , ,
. LAYER ILAYER,
. . 24.5.
, Netscape 6.0 HTML 4.0
LAYER ILAYER .
n e w Layer(width)
L a y e r .
s r c l o a d .
n e w Layer(width, parentLayer)
, .
above
, ,
.
background
. b a c k g r o u n d
, . :
someLayer.background.src = "bricks.gif";
below
, ,
.
bgColor
, b g C o l o r ,
, , . :
someLayer.bgColor = " b l u e " ;
1198
25. JavaScript
anotherLayer.bgcolor = "#FFOOFF";
thirdLayer.bgColor = null; //
clip
, , ,
. c l i p , t o p , c l i p . b o t t o m , c l i p , l e f t ,
clip.right, clip.width clip.height.
document
Document. ,
, .
left

. l e f t .
name
name ID
NAME.
pageX
(
) . , .
pageY
(
) . pageY , .
parentLayer
p a r e n t L a y e r ,
. Window.
.
siblingAbove
, .
, ,
. s i b l i n g A b o v e .
siblingBelow
, .
, ,
. s i b l i n g A b o v e .
src
, , , URL,
.
25.15. Layer
1199
top

. t o p , .
visibility
v i s i b i l i t y .
show ( ), h i d e , h i d d e n ( ) i n h e r i t
( ).
, .
zindex
,
.
, .
z i n d e x , .
l o a d ( s o u r c e S t r i n g , width)
, (.
s r c ) .
moveAbove(layer)
moveAbove .
moveBelow(layer)
moveBelow .
m o v e B y ( d x , dy)
.
m o v e T o ( x , )
,
. . l e f t t o p .
m o v e T o A b s o l u t e ( x , )
m o v e T o A b s o l u t e ,
(. pageY).
resizeBy(dWidth, d H e i g h t )

(. c l i p . w i d t h c l i p . h e i g h t ) .
1200
25. JavaScript
resizeTo(width, h e i g h t )
r e s i z e T o (.
clip.width clip.height).

onblurO
, .
o n B l u r LAYER ILAYER.
,
, :
function blurHandler() { ... }
someLayer.onblur = blurHandler;
onfocus()
.
on F o c u s .
onload()
o n l o a d (
, ).
o n L o a d .
onmouseout()
o n m o u s e o u t ,
. onMouseOut.
onmouseoverO
o n m o u s e o v e r ,
. o n M o u s e O v e r .
25.16. Link
L i n k ,
< HREF=. . .>. , Windows,
L i n k .
)^ d o c u m e n t . l i n k s .
NAME, <> NAME
.
25.16. Link
1201
hash
,
( "#"). h a s h , .
host

_: .
hostname
hostname , .
href
URL , .
pathname
pathname URL,
. , .
port
, ,
. p o r t , .
protocol
, , , .
.
search
s e a r c h ,
(, "?," ISMAP "?=1&=2"
). , .
target
t a r g e t , TARGET.
, . , , ,
,
framel,
:
for(var i=0; i<document.links.length; i++) {
document.links[i].target = "framel";
}
1202
25. JavaScript
, , .

onclickO
.
f a l s e , .
o n c l i c k onClick, :
< H R E F = " . . . "
...
onClick="return(maybeCancel() ) ">
ondblclick()
.
o n c l i c k . o n d b l c l i c k Macintosh
Netscape 6.
onmouseout()
,
. onmouseover onmouseout
,
, .
. 24.5. onmouseout
onMouseOut.
onmouseover()
,
. onmouseover
onMouseOver. onMouseOver t r u e ,
URL .
.
25.17. Location
L o c a t i o n URL
window.location.
hash
,
( "#"). hash , .
25.17. Location
1203
host

_: .
hostname
hostname , .
href
URL , .
pathname
pathname URL,
. , .
port
, ,
. p o r t , ,
protocol
, , , .
.
search
s e a r c h ,
(, "?," ISMAP "?=1&:=2"
). , .
s e a r c h
CGI-, .
URL
l o c a t i o n . s e a r c h ( u n e s c a p e 25.31).
reloadO
reload(true)
.
, ,
.
.
replace(newURL)
,
newURL. .
1204
25. JavaScript
25.18. Math
M a t h HTML-.
. M a t h
, Java- J a v a . l a n g . M a t h .
M a t h ,
M a t h . p r o p e r t y N a m e M a t h . m e t h o d N a m e { . . . ) , p r o p e r t y N a m e
, a m e t h o d N a m e .
, ,
.
.
LN10
In(10) log^(lO).
LN2
1(2), log^(2).
LOG10E
logio(e).
LOG2E
lg(e) log2(e).
PI
.
SQRT1_2
1/2.
SQRT2
2.
2 5 . 1 8 . Math
1205

abs(num)
(num).
ceil(num)
c e i l ,
(num).
exp(num)
^
num

floor(num)
c e i l , ,
(num).
log(num)
(num).
JavaScript
(, 10 2).
1()
= 12()
12()
, , :
function log(num, base) {

return(Math.log(num) / Math.log(base));
}
max(numl, num2)
numl num2.
min(numl, num2)
numl num2.
pow(base, e x p o n e n t )
-.
exponent
pow b a s e
random()
r a n d o m 0.0 1.0 ( 0.0
, 1.0 ).
1206
2 5 . JavaScript
round(num)
, num,
. . 5 .
sqrt(num)
s q r t num.
, NaN.

,
. :
function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
return(degrees * Math.PI / 180);
}
acos(num)
,
num. .
asin(num)
, } num.
atan(num)
1 .
atan2(y, )
a t a n 2 0 ( , ) ,
( , ) .
/ - .
cos(radians)
, .
sin(radians)
, .
tan(radians)
, .
2 5 . 1 9 . MimeType
1207
2 5 . 1 9 . MimeType
MimeType MIME-. n a v i g a t o r . m i m e T y p e s
-, ,
, . ,
Adobe Acrobat
, Acrobat .
, .
d o c u m e n t . w r i t e l n ( ' F o r more i n f o r m a t i o n , s e e ' ) ;
i f ( n a v i g a t o r . m i m e T y p e s [ " a p p l i c a t i o n / p d f " ] != n u l l ) {
document.writeln
('<A H R E F = " m a n u a l . p d f " > t h e w i d g e t m a n u a l < / A > . ' ) ;
} else {
document.writeln
(*<A H R E F = " m a n u a l . t e x t " > t h e w i d g e t m a n u a l < / A > . ' ) ;
}
MIME- . . 19.1.
description
, , ,
-.
enabledPlugin
e n a b l e d P l u g i n P l u g i n ,
-.
, e n a b l e d P l u g i n
n u l l . .
suffixes
, -.
. s u f f i x e s
.
type
application/postscript.

. MimeType
HTML-.
1208
25. JavaScript
2 5 . 2 0 . Navigator
N a v i g a t o r .
n a v i g a t o r Window, ..
N a v i g a t o r w i n d o w . n a v i g a t o r n a v i g a t o r .
N a v i g a t o r . 25.2
, , .
. 25.2 25.3.
appCodeName
, ,
. Internet Explorer Netscape M o z i l l a .
appName
, Netscape Micro
soft Internet Explorer. appName .
appVersion
a p p V e r s i o n , ,
, .
language
l a n g u a g e , ,
. e n .
mimeTypes
MimeType,
, ,
(. 25.19).
platform
p l a t f o r m ,
. , Windows 95, 98 N T
Win32. p l a t f o r m .
plugins
P l u g i n ,
. . 24.4.
2 5 . 2 0 . Navigator
1209
userAgent
, U s e r A g e n t . u s e r A g e n t .
. 25.2 25.3 .
, 25.2.
BTiorxl
The Navigd*o 0,;^'1**#;^^^^^^^^^^^^

i i-M
''
Vtevv Qô QfWntracatt
. .. 3 <-^r ^ ^ .,s r
The Navigator Object
Property
t si\
Value
1 appCodeName Mozilla
1 appName
Netscape
appVersion
4 7 [en] (Wm98, )
userAgent
Mozua/A 7 [en] (Win98,1)
j^*i ::;]}
Document Done
The Navigatof O b ^ t
File
. 25.2. Navigator,
Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98
%în View
Micfosofl InleinM )1||
FgYorftes
Tods fc^dp
~3
The Navigator Object

Property
Value
appCodeName Mozilla
appName
Microsoft Internet Explorer
app Version
4 0 (compatible; MSIE 5 0. Windows 98. DigExt)
userAgent
MoaIIa/4.0 (compatible, MSIE 5 0, Windows 98, DigExt)
J
<] Done
i-jMyConnpirfef
. 25.3.
Navigator,
Windows 98
2 5 . 2 . N a v i g a t o r . htll
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>The N a v i g a t o r O b j e c t < / T I T L E >
Transitional//EN">

<!
function makePropertyTable(, object, p r o p e r t y L i s t )
d o c u m e n t . w r i t e l n ( " < H 2 > " + name + " < / H 2 > " ) ;
d o c u m e n t . w r i t e l n ( " < T A B L E BORDER=l>\n" +
"
<TR><TH>Property<TH>Value");
var propertyName;
f o r ( v a r i = 0 ; i < p r o p e r t y L i s t . l e n g t h ; i4-+) {
propertyName = p r o p e r t y L i s t [ i ] ;
document . w r i t e l n C
<TR><TD>" + p r o p e r t y N a m e +
1210
25. JavaScript
"<TD>" + object[propertyName]);
}
document.writeln("</TABLE>");
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<!
var propNames = new Array("appCodeName", "appName",
"appVersion", "userAgent");
makePropertyTable("The Navigator Object", navigator, propNames);
// >
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
javaEnabledO
t r u e , Java Java . f a l s e .
taintnabled()
t r u e ,
NSENABLETAINT. JavaScript-
. Netscape
JavaScript 1.2
. JavaScript
h t t p : / / d e v e l o p e r . n e t s c a p e . c o m / d o c s / m a n u a l s / j s / c l i e n t / j sguide/sec.htm.

. N a v i g a t o r
HTML-.
2 5 . 2 1 . Number
Number ,
. .
Number .propertyName, p r o p e r t y -
2 5 . 2 1 . Number
1211
Name . Number ,
t o S t r i n g , .
new Number(value)
Number ,
v a l u e .
MAX_VALUE
MAX_VALUE , JavaScript.
MIN_VALUE
MIN_VALUE , JavaScript.
NaN
NaN (not-a-number ).
isNaN.
== , NaN
( Number. NaN ==- Number. NaN)
f a l s e .
NEGATIVE J N F I N I T Y
,
.
,
Number .MAXVALUE -2. NEGATIVE_INFINITY ,

NEGATIVEINFINITY.
NEGATIVEINFINITY 0.
NEGATIVE_INFINITY NaN.
POSITIVE J N F I N I T Y
,
.
toStringO
, t o S t r i n g
{10).
toString(radix)
,
, r a d i x . , , -
1212
25. JavaScript
25.3, ,
. Netscape 4.7,
Windows 98, . 25.4.
25.3. NumberToString. html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Converting Numbers to Strings</TITLE>
<!
function makeNumberTable(numberList, radixList) {
document.write("<TABLE BORDER=l>\n<TR>");
for(var i=0; i<radixList.length; i++) {
document.write("<TH>Base " + radixList[i]);
}
var num;
for(var i=0; i<numberList.length; i++) {
document.write("\n<TR>");
num = new Number(numberList[i]);
for(var j=0; j<radixList.length; j++) {
document.write("<TD>" + num.toString(radixList[j]));
}
}
document.writeln("\n</TABLE>");
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Converting Numbers to Strings</Hl>
<!
var nums = new Array(0, 1, 2, A, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 100,
512, 1000);
var radixes = new Array(10, 2, 8, 16);
makeNumberTable(nums, radixes);
// >
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2 5 . 2 2 . Object
! ifting Numbets to Strmm -Heiîm:::::::r:,:;

ci yiew go Comrnuracetoi Help
4' ".'" 5 5'^ ^
i-
1213
::-:: ::%;?:::;>
J -C
Convertin g Numbers to Strings

Base 10
Basel
Base 8 Base 16
1 ^
1
2
'^
2
4
10
100
11
11
^
'5
7^
101
no
111
1000
10
;iooi
11
10
1010
'l2
15
nil
17
144
100
nooioo
512
1000
1000
i n n O l O O O 1750
t^f-^
8
5
1
1
64
200
3e8
DocumenJ Done
1
1
1
;^
; -.:::.: jr^:! :.;..:: ^j<^:j:' .ij
. 25.4. Number

valueOfO
, Number.

. Number
HTML-.
2 5 . 2 2 . Object
Ob j e c t , .
Ob j e c t JavaScript.
n e w ObjectO
Ob j e c t .
n e w Object(primitiveValue)
Number,
S t r i n g , B o o l e a n F u n c t i o n .
{propl:vall, prop2:val2,..., propNrvalN)
, "" .
1214
25. JavaScript
constructor
, , JavaScript, .
prototype
p r o t o t y p e O b j e c t , , , ,
. ,
, .
. 24.3.
assign(value)
,
.
a s s i g n .
eval(javaScriptCode)
.
toStringO
t o S t r i n g , .
valueOfO
, , ,
(. 15.21).
25.23. Option
O p t i o n OPTION SELECT.
o p t i o n s S e l e c t , ,
, e l e m e n t s Form.
n e w Option()
new Option(text)
n e w O p t i o n ( t e x t , value)
n e w O p t i o n ( t e x t , value, d e f a u l t S e l e c t e d )
n e w O p t i o n ( t e x t , value, d e f a u l t S e l e c t e d , s e l e c t e d )
O p t i o n ,
S e l e c t , o p t i o n s .
25.24. Password
1215
defaultSelected
, ,
O p t i o n . d e f a u l t S e l e c t e d
SELECTED .
index
, ,
O p t i o n o p t i o n s S e l e c t .
selected
, ,
, . s e l e c t e d
, .
text
t e x t , SELECT.
, .
value
,
S e l e c t .
VALUE ,
.

. o n b l u r , o n f o c u s o n c h a n g e
O p t i o n , S e l e c t .
25.24. Password
P a s s w o r d , .. HTML-,
< INPUT TYPE=" PAS SWORD" . . . >.
P a s s w o r d e l e m e n t s Form.
, d o c u m e n t .
f ormName. passwordName, f ormName , a passwordName
.
1216
25. JavaScript
defaultValue
, , ,
VALUE.
form
f o r m Form,
. .
name
name )' NAME.
type

password.
value
,
. , UNIX
, , ,
.
blurO
.
focus()
.
select()
. ,
, .

onblurO
, .
o n B l u r .
onchange()
o n c h a n g e ,
, .
o n C h a n g e .
25.25. * Plugin
1217
onfocus()
, .
on F o c u s .
onkeydown()
,
. onkeydown f a l s e ,
.
onkeypress()
o n k e y p r e s s
onkeydown. o n k e y p r e s s
, o n k e y d o w n . o n k e y p r e s s f a l s e ,
.
onkeyupO
o n k e y u p , .
25.25. Plugin
,
n a v i g a t o r . p l u g i n s . ,
, , ;
e m b e d s Document. P l u g i n
. ,
MimeType. P l u g i n
MimeType . ^ 24.4.
description
, , ,
.
filename
f i l e n a m e ,
. .
, length
l e n g t h MimeType .
name
.

document.plugins.
1218
25. JavaScript

. P l u g i n
HTML-.
25.26. Radio
R a d i o ,
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" . . . >.
R a d i o e l e m e n t s
Form. R a d i o , ,
,
d o c u m e n t . formName. r a d i o N a m e , formName , r a d i o N a m e
.
checked
, , ,
. c h e c k e d ,
.
defaultChecked
d e f a u l t C h e c k e d , ,
.
CHECKED .
form
, , Form,
.
name
name
NAME. ,
.
.
type
r a d i o . E l e m e n t
t y p e ,
, f o r m . e l e m e n t s . t y p e
.
25.27. RegExp
1219
value
, v a l u e
CGI- .
, .
blurO
.
clickO
,
, o n C l i c k .
c l i c k , c h e c k e d .
focus()
.

onblurO
o n b l u r , .
o n B l u r , .
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" . . .
onclickO

, c l i c k . o n c l i c k
o n C l i c k .
onfocus()
o n f e c u s ,
. o n F o c u s .
25.27. RegExp
Netscape 4.0 RegExp,
. , S t r i n g
m a t c h , r e p l a c e , s e a r c h s p l i t .
n e w RegExpC'pattern")
.
, , -
1220
25. JavaScript
(. . 15.1). +
( ), * (,
) ? (
).
.
, :
" 'z', '', ' ,
( ) '',
'd', ''".
var re = new RegExp("za+bc*d?e");
RegExp t e s t ,
t r u e , 1.
! r e ,
, t e s t
true:
re.test("zabcde");
re.test("xxxxxzabcdexxxxx");
re.test("zaaaabcde") ;
re.test("zaaaabde") ;
re.test("zaaaabe");
re.test("XXzaabcccccdeYY") ;
n e w RegExpC'pattern", "g")
,
. S t r i n g m a t c h ,
, ,
. "g" , ,
. ,
m a t c h S t r i n g .
m a t c h ,
" " , ,
" " " a b b b b c " .
var
var
var
var
var
str = "abcabbbbcABCABBBBC";
rel = new RegExp("ab+c");
re2 = new RegExp ("ab-t-c", " g " ) ;
resultl = str.match(rel);
result2 = str.match(re2);
n e w RegExpC'pattern", "i")

.
n e w RegExpC'pattern", "gi")

. ,
25.27. RegExp
1221
, "",
"abbbbc", "ABC" "".
var str = "abcabbbbcABCABBBBC";
var re = new RegExp("ab+c", "gi");
var result = str.match(re);
/pattern/
new
RegExp ( " p a t t e r n " ). ,
:
var rel = /ab+c/;
var 2 = new RegExp("ab+c");
25.31.
/pattern/g
new
RegExp ( " p a t t e r n " , ' ' g " ) .
/pattern/i
new
RegExp ( ' ' p a t t e r n " , ' ' i " ) .
/pattern/gi
new
RegExp ( ' ' p a t t e r n " , " g i " ) .
RegExp,
. RegExp.
propertyName, propertyName . ($_,
$* ..) , Perl.
input
$_
exec t e s t ,
.
Text, TextArea, S e l e c t Link
. , .
lastMatch
$8
,
.
exec.
1222
25. JavaScript
lastParen
$+
, ,
, .
e x e c .
leftContext
$^
,
, .
. l e f t C o n t e x t ($ )
e x e c .
multiline
$*
, ,

. ,
e x e c .

t r u e .
rightcontext
$'
,
, .
e x e c .
$1
$2
$9
,
.
e x e c .
RegExp,
.
compile(pattern,
flags)
2 5 . 2 7 . RegExp
1223
exec(string)
e x e c ( s t r i n g )
RegExp.
, ..
s o m e R e g E x p ( s t r i n g ) s o m e R e g E x p . e x e c ( s t r i n g ) .
exec()
, e x e c ( R e g E x p . i n p u t ) .
test(string)
, ( s t r i n g )
, ,
t r u e f a l s e . s o m e R e g E x p . t e s t ( s t r i n g ) ,
s t r i n g , s e a r c h ( s o m e R e g E x p ) .

. RegExp
HTML-.
RegExp
"+", "*" "?". . 25.1
. ,
, ,
. , " / + /
" a b b b c " , , "Xxabbbc",
"XXabbbcYYYY" ..
2 5 . 1 . ,

. ,
/ + / "" " a b b b b b c " , " "
. ,
/ * / " " , " " " a b b b b b c "
. ,
/ ? / " " "",
"abbbbbc"
1224
25. JavaScript
. 25.1
. ,
/ . / " " " a q c " , " "
"abbe"
\
.
,
. , / \ * * /
"", " * " " * * * * * "
{)
, , ""
RegExp $^
1 I 2
1 2 . , / f | b a r /
" f o o t b a l l " " b a r s t o o l "
{}
. ,
/ {3 } / " a b b b c " , " a b b e "
"abbbbc"
{, }
. ,
/ { 3 , } / " a b b b c " " a b b b b c " ,
" a b b e "
{ n l ^ 2 }
1 , 2
[12 . . .en]
. ,
/ [1] * / "", " a p p l e " " a l l p e " .

"-". , [ a - z ]
,
[ 0-7 ] (
7) ..
[ êle2 . . .en]
, .
, / ["^pl] * / " " " a q q x x e " ,
" a p p l e " " a l l p e "
\b,
(\) (\). ,
/ \ / " ", "",
/ \ / "", " "
\w,
\W
, (\w),
, (\W).
\w [ A - Z a - z 0 - 9 _ ] , \W ['Â-Zaz0-9_]
\ci,
\D
( \ d ) , ( \ D ) .
[ 0 - 9 ] [ ^ 0 - 9 ]
\f,
\t'
\,
^"^
\.
, ,
,
2 5 . 2 8 . 1 Reset
1225
. 25.1
\ S;, \ S
,
( \ s ) , , . (\S).
\ s [ \ f \ n \ r \ t \ v ] , a \ S - - [^\f \ n \ r \ t \ v ]
//
, ASCII-
25.28. Reset
R e s e t RESET ,
<INPUT TYPE="RESET ! " . . . > . R e s e t
e l e m e n t s Form. ,
, R e s e t d o c u m e n t .
formName. r e s e t B u t t o n N a m e , formName , r e s e t B u t t o n N a m e
RESET.
form
, ,
Form, RESET.
, ,
NAME, . name
.
type
r e s e t . t y p e
E l e m e n t ,
. .
value
v a l u e . v a l u e
, .
blurO
RESET .
clickO
,
RESET, o n C l i c k .
c l i c k r e s e t .
1226
25. JavaScript

onblur()
, RESET .
o n b l u r o n B l u r .
onclick()
o n c l i c k ,
RESET. c l i c k .
o n C l i c k , .
onClick="doSomeAction()">
o n c l i c k f a l s e , .
:
onClick="return(maybeReset())">
o n R e s e t ,
.
ondblclickO
.
o n c l i c k .
o n D b l C l i c k . Macintosh Netscape 6.
onfocus()
on f o c u s , RESET .
on F o c u s .
25.29. Screen
S c r e e n , s c r e e n ,
.
availHeight
, , (
) ,
, Windows 98.
2 5 . 3 0 . Select
1227
availWidth
, ,
( ) ,
.
colorDepth
c o l o r D e p t h ,
. .
height
h e i g h t , , .
width
w i d t h , , .
pixelDepth
,
. p i x e l D e p t h .

. S c r e e n
HTML-.
25.30. Select
S e l e c t HTML-,
<SELECT . . . >. S e l e c t e l e m e n t s
2, . ,
d o c u m e n t . formName.
s e l e c t N a m e , formName , s e l e c t N a m e SELECT.
25.4 ,
, .
Web-.
1228
25. JavaScript
25.4.SelectColor.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Changing the Background Color</TITLE>
<!
function setBackgroundColor() {
var selection = document.colorForm.colorSelection;
document.bgColor =
selection.options[selection.selectedlndex].value;
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<Hl>Changing the Background Color</Hl>
<FORM NAME="colorForm">
<SELECT NAME="colorSelection"
onChange="setBackgroundColor ()">
<OPTION VALUE="#FFFFFF" SELECTED>White
<OPTION VALUE="#COCOCO">Gray
<OPTION VALUE="#FFOOOO">Red
.<OPTION VALUE="#OOFFOO">Green
<OPTION VALUE="#OOOOFF">Blue
</SELECT>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
form
Form, SELECT.
f o r m .
length
l e n g t h , ,
O p t i o n , SELECT. l e n g t h
o p t i o n s . l e n g t h .
name
name , NAME.
.
2 5 . 3 0 . Select
1229
options
o p t i o n s Option,
S e l e c t . Option .
selectedlndex
s e l e c t e d l n d e x .
, -1.
SELECT MULTIPLE,
. s e l e c t e d l n d e x
, .
type
, MULTIPLE,
t y p e s e l e c t - o n e , s e l e c t m u l t i p l e . .
blurO
SELECT .
focus()
focus SELECT .

onblurO
, .
o n b l u r onBlur,
.
<SELECT . . .
onchange()
onchange ,
.
25.4.
onfocus()
onf OCUS , .
onFocus.
1230
25. JavaScript
2 5 . 3 1 . String
S t r i n g . HTML, JavaScript-.
new String(value)
S t r i n g .
length
, ,
.
anchor(name)
anchor ,
< NAME="name"> </>. ,
"Chapter One".anchor("Chi")
:
'< NAME="Chl">Chapter One</A>'
bigO
,
<BIG> </BIG>.
blinkO
,
<BLINK> </BLINK>.
boldO
b o l d ,
<> </>. ,
"Wow".italics () . b o l d O
:
"<B><I>Wow</I></B>"
charAt(index)
c h a r At , ,
.
JavaScript, .
2 5 . 3 1 . String
1231
charCodeAt()
charCodeAt(index)
charCodeAt ().
ISO Latin-1 , .
127 ASCII-.
concat(suffixString)
.
:
var newString = stringl.concat(string2);
var newString = stringl + string2;
escape(stri]ig)
Ha e s c a p e S t r i n g , a . ,
e s c a p e ,
. URL- .
,
URL. , "+",
"%20". . 25.5
.
alert(escape("Hello,
world!"));
. 25.5. escape
RL-
URL- u n e s c a p e .
fixedO
,
<></>.
fontcolor(colorName)
f o n t c o l o r ,
<FONT COLOR="colorName"> </FONT>.
fontsize(size)
,
<FONT SIZE=/?^^^>H</FONT>.
1232
25. JavaScript
fromCharCode(codeO, c o d e l , . . . , c o d e N )
, ISO Latin-1.
S t r i n g .
S t r i n g . f r o m C h a r C o d e ( . . . ) . ,
h e l l o S t r i n g HELLO.
var helloString =
String.fromCharCode(72,
69, 76, 76,
79);
indexOf(substring)
indexOf(substring, startlndex)
,
.
, -1. ,
t r u e , :
function contains(string, possibleSubstring) {
return(string.substring(possibleSubstring) != - 1 ) ;
}
,
.
,
startlndex.
italics()
, <1>
</1>.
lastIndexOf(substring)
lastIndexOf(substring, startlndex)
,
,
-1. ,
, .
link(url)
, <
HREF="url">H</A>.
match(regExp)
,
, ,
m a t c h . ,
, "", " a b b b b c " , "ABC" "".
v a r s t r = "abcabbbbcABCABBBBC";
var re = /ab+c/gi;
var r e s u l t = s t r . m a t c h ( r e ) ;
2 5 . 3 1 . String
1233
"g" r e , " i "

, : "
, '' '',
' *', '' ' ".
, 25.27.
replace(regExp5 replacementString)
r e p l a c e ,
, , .
"",
, . ,

"We will use Java, Java, and Java".
var str = "We will use C, C++, and Java.";
var re = /C\+*/g;
var r e s u l t = s t r . r e p l a c e ( r e , "Java");
search(regExp)
t r u e f a l s e , ,
,
.
, s e a r c h m a t c h .
slice(startlndex, endlndex)
, s l i c e
, s u b s t r i n g .
.
.
s l i c e .
var
var
var
var
s t r = "0123456789";
str2 = str.sliced, 5 ) ;
//
str3 = str.substring(1, 5 ) ; //
str4 = str.sliced, - 2 ) ;
//
"1234"
"1234"
"1234567"
small()
,
<SMALL> </SMALL>.
splitO
s p l i t , .
. s p l i t ,
-.
1234
25. JavaScript
split(delimChar)
,
.
- delimChar . ,
,
"f ", "bar" "baz" ( ):
var t e s t = " f o o , b a r , b a z " . s p l i t ( " , " ) ;
- ,
, .
s p l i t , j o i n Array.
split(regExp)
s p l i t -,
. ,
,
"f ", "bar" "baz" ( ).
var s t r = " f o o , b a r , , , , , , b a z " ;
var re = / , + / ;
var r e s u l t = s t r . s p l i t ( r e ) ;
split(separator, limit)
,
l i m i t . -
RegExp.
strike()
,
<STRIKE> </STRIKE>.
sub()
,
<SUB>H</SUB>.
substr(startlndex, numChars)
s u b s t numChars,
s t a r t Index.
substring(startlndex, endlndex)
,
, s t a r t Index e n d l n d e x (,
s t a r t Index, , ,
endlndex, ). t e s t
" i s " :
var t e s t = " t h i s i s a t e s t " . s u b s t r i n g ( 5 ,
7);
2 5 . 3 2 . Submit
1235
supO
, <SUP>
H</SUP>.
toLowerCase()
t o L o w e r C a s e ,
.
toUpperCase()
t o U p p e r C a s e ,
.
unescape(string)
u n e s c a p e S t r i n g ,
. , u n e s c a p e ,
. u n e s c a p e URL-
. : "+" .

. S t r i n g
HTML-.
25.32. Submit
S u b m i t SUBMIT ,
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" . . . > . S u b m i t
e l e m e n t s Form. SUBMIT,
, S u b m i t
d o c u m e n t . formName. s u b m i t B u t t o n N a m e , formName ,
s u b m i t B u t t o n N a m e -- .
form
, ,
Form, SUBMIT.
name
SUBMIT NAME,
. name .
type
s u b m i t . t y p e
E l e m e n t , OHQ
. t y p e .
1236
25. JavaScript
value
v a l u e .
, .
blurO
SUBMIT .
clickO
,
SUBMIT, o n C l i c k . c l i c k
s u b m i t .
focus()
SUBMIT .

onblur()
, SUBMIT .
o n b l u r o n B l u r , .
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" ... onBlur="doSomeAction()">
onclick()
o n c l i c k ,
SUBMIT. c l i c k o n c l i c k .
o n C l i c k .
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" ... onClick="doSomeAction()">
o n c l i c k f a l s e ,
. :
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" . . .
onClick="return(maybeSubmit())">
o n S u b m i t
, .
ondblclick()
.
o n c l i c k . o n d b l c l i c k
o n D b l C l i c k . Macintosh
Netscape 6.
25.33. Text
1237
onfocus()
, SUBMIT .
on F o c u s .
25.33. Text
T e x t ,
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" . . . >. T e x t
e l e m e n t s Form, .
, ,
d o c u m e n t . formName. t e x t f i e l d N a m e , formName ,
t e x t f i e l d N a m e .
defaultValue
d e f a u l t V a l u e ,
)^ VALUE.
form
, ,
Form, )' .
name
NAME .
.
type
t y p e , , t e x t .
value
,
. v a l u e , .
blurO
.
focus()
f o c u s )' .
selectO
. ,
, .
1238
25. JavaScript

onblurO
,
. 1^ o n B l u r .
onchange()
o n c h a n g e ,
.
o n C h a n g e .
onfocus()
,
. o n f e c u s o n F o c u s .
onkeydownO
,
. o n k e y d o w n f a l s e ,
. o n k e y d o w n
.
onkeypress()
o n k e y p r e s s
o n k e y d o w n . o n k e y p r e s s
, o n k e y d o w n . o n k e y p r e s s f a l s e ,
.
onkeyupO
o n k e y u p , .
25.34. Textarea
T e x t a r e a HTML-,
<TEXTAREA . . .> </TEXTAREA>.
T e x t a r e a e l e m e n t s Form,
. , ,
d o c u m e n t . formName. t e x t a r e a N a m e ,
formName , t e x t a r e a N a m e .
defaultValue
d e f a u l t V a l u e ,
.. , <TEXTAREA>
</TEXT ARE >. .
25.34. Textarea
1239
form
, ,
Form, .
name
name NAME.
.
type
t y p e t e x t a r e a .
value
v a l u e ,
. , ,
,
.
blurO
.
focus()
focus .
select()
. ,
, .

onblur()
,
. onBlur.
onchange()
onchange
.
onChange.
onfocus()
,
. on focus on Focus.
1240
25. JavaScript
onkeydown()
,
. onkeydown f a l s e ,
. onkeydown .
onkeypress()
on k e y p r e s s
o n k e y d o w n . o n k e y p r e s s
, o n k e y d o w n . o n k e y p r e s s
f a l s e , .
onkeyupO
o n k e y u p , .
25.35. Window
Window .
window, ,
. , , ,
1 w i n d o w , d o c u m e n t , d o c u m e n t .
,
w i n d o w , l o c a t i o n . ,
l o c a t i o n .
closed
, ,
. c l o s e d .
defaultStatus
d e f a u l t S t a t u s ,
. , .
document
D o c u m e n t , .
Document . 25.5. d o c u m e n t
.
frames
f r a m e s ,
Window. )' .
25.35. Window
1241
history
H i s t o r y , .
h i s t o r y .
innerHeight
i n n e r H e i g h t
. , .
.
innerWidth
innerWidth
. , .
.
. 24.4.
Java
Java Package,
j ava . *. , , ,

J a v a . l a n g . M a t h , random() Java Console
Java . l a n g . System, o u t . p r i n t l n . Java
.
length
, frames . l e n g t h .
location
l o c a t i o n L o c a t i o n , URL,
.
URL, document. URL. l o c a t i o n
, .
.
locationbar
Netscape
v i s i b l e l o c a t i o n b a r , L o c a t i o n .
t r u e ( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
Math
Math.
menubar
Netscape
v i s i b l e menubar, .
t r u e ( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
1242
25. JavaScript
name
.
name. , .
navigator
, , ,
N a v i g a t o r .
netscape
n e t s c a p e J a v a P a c k a g e ,
n e t s c a p e . *. , .
opener
(),
o p e n e r .
, .
outerHeight
o u t e r H e i g h t
. , .
. 100x100
() .
outerWidth
o u t e r W i d t h
. , .
Packages
J a v a P a c k a g e ,
. P a c k a g e s .
pageXOffset
,
.
. p a g e X O f f s e t ,
, s c r o l l T o s c r o l l B y .
pageYOffset
,
. p a g e Y O f f s e t
, , s c r o l l T o s c r o l l B y .
parent
, ,
. w i n w i n . p a r e n t
w i n .
25.35. Window
1243
personalbar
Netscape
v i s i b l e p e r s o n a l b a r ,
( ). t r u e
( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
screen
Window,
. ,
. Screen, s c r e e n , . 25.29.
scrollbars
v i s i b l e s c r o l l b a r s ,
.
t r u e ( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
self
window.
s e l f .
status
,
. s t a t u s , ..
JavaScript-
, , , ,
.
statusbar
v i s i b l e s t a t u s b a r ,
.
t r u e ( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
sun
JavaPackage,
s u n . *. sun
.
tags
t a g s .
toolbar
v i s i b l e t o o l b a r ,
Netscape.
t r u e ( 1) f a l s e ( 0).
1244
25. JavaScript
top
,
. ,
. t o p .
window
window, ,
s e l f .
alert(message)
a l e r t .
, ..
,
Back .
blurO
b l u r ;
.
captureEvents(eventType)
.
clear Interval(intervallD)
s e t I n t e r v a l .
( i n t e r v a l l D ) c l e a r I n t e r v a l , .
clear T i m e o u t ( t i m e o u t l D )
s e t T i m e o u t .
( t i m e o u t I D ) c l e a r T i m e o u t ,
.
close()
. ,
, , -
.
confirm(questionString)
, ,
. ,
t r u e . C a n c e l
25.35. Window
1245
f a l s e . ' \ ' ,
.
enableExternalCapture()
disableExternalCapture()

.
.
findO
ind(searchString)
find(searchString,
caseSensitivityFlag, backwardFlag)
f i n d .
, Find,
. ,
. ,
( t r u e ,
), (
t r u e ). ,
t r u e , f a l s e .
focus()
f o c u s .
.
forwardO
.
handleEvent(event)
c a p t u r e E v e n t s ,
h a n d l e E v e n t .
home()
, ..
,
.
m o v e B y ( x , )
moveBy .
Netscape
,
.
1246
2 5 . JavaScript
m o v e T o ( x , )
moveBy . Netscape
,

.
open(url, name)
o p e n ( u r l , n a m e , features)
o p e n ( u r l , n a m e , features, replaceFlag)

. w i n d o w . o p e n
d o c u m e n t . o p e n , window
. URL , .
, d o c u m e n t . name
JavaScript
TARGET , BASE, AREA FORM. r e p l a c e F l a g
, ( t r u e )
( f a l s e ) . f e a t u r e s
( !)
. f e a t u r e s ,
.
^.

. 25.2. 25.5
w i n d o w , o p e n ; . 25.6-25.9. , .
24.10.
!
.
, .
2 5 , 2 . ,
open
alwaysLowered
yes/no
""
.
alwaysRaised
yes/no
dependent
yes/no
2 5 . 3 5 . Window
1247
. 25.2
directories
yes/no
hotkeys
yes/no
" "
innerHeight
.
Unix .Xdefaults
innerWidth
.
Unix .Xdefaults
location
yes/no
Location
menubar
yes/no
OuterHeight
outerWidth
Resizable
yes/no
ScreenX
ScreenY
Scrollbars
yes/no
status
yes/no
yes/no
yes/no

, Back Forward
Home Stop
yes/no
titlebar
toolbar
z-lock
1248
25. JavaScript
print()
, ..
, Print. ,
, JavaScript .
prompt(message)
p r o m p t ( m e s s a g e , defaultText)
.
, . d e f a u l t T e x t
.
releaseEvents(eventType)
.
resizeBy(x, )
r e s i z e B y
.
r e s i z e T o ( x , )
r e s i z e T o .
routeEvent(event)
h a n d l e E v e n t
.
scrollBy(x, )
) .
s c r o l l T o ( x , )
,
.
s e t I n t e r v a l ( c o d e , delay)
,
c l e a r l n t e r v a l .
s e t T i m e o u t ( c o d e , delay)
s e t T i m e o u t , JavaScript-
. .
, c l e a r T i m e o u t ,
, s e t T i m e o u t . ,
' s e t T i m e o u t ,
.
25.35. Window
1249
stopO
s t o p , ..
, Stop.

onblurO
. o n b l u r ,
, o n B l u r <BODY>
<FRAMESET>.
<BODY o n B l u r = " a l e r t ( ' W e w i l l m i s s
you')">
</BLUR>
,
, .
o n f o c u s .
ondragdropO
Netscape
.
o n D r a g D r o p .
onerrorO
.
, .
function reportError() {
return(!confirm("An error occurred.\n" +
"Please report i t to\n" +
"gates@microsoft.com.\n\n"
"See more d e t a i l s ? " ) ) ;
onerror = reportError;
t r u e , . ,
, ,
. o n e r r o r ,
n u l l , .
onfocus()
.
o n f o c u s o n F o c u s <BODY>
<FRAMESET>. .
<FRAMESET
ROWS=...
onFocus="alert('Welcome back')">
</FRAMESET>
1250
25. JavaScript
onload()
o n l o a d .
n L o a d <BODY>
<FRAMESET>. ,
, ,
.
onmove()
onmove (
, ).
onMove.
<BODY o n M o v e = " a l e r t ( ' H e y ,
move me b a c k ! ' ) "
...>
</BODY>
onresize()
o n r e s i z e ,
JavaScript- .
o n R e s i z e .
onunloadO
onunload , .
onUnload
<BODY> <FRAMESET>.
25.5. OpenWindows. htJttl
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Opening Windows with JavaScript</TITLE>
function openSmallWindow() {
window.open("http://home.netscape.com/",
"smallWindow",
"width=375,height=125");
function openMediumWindow() {
"mediumWindow",
"width=550,height=225," +
"menubar,scrollbars,status,toolbar");
}
function openBigWindow() {
25.35. Window
"bigWindow",
"width=850,height=450," +
"directories, location,meniibar, " -l"scrollbars,status,toolbar");
}
// >
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<Hl>Opening Windows with JavaScript</Hl>
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Open Small Window"
onClick="openSmallWindow()">
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Open Medium Window"
onClick="openMediumWindow()">
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Open Big Window"
onClick="openBigWindow()">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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. 25.6. OpenWindows.html

|
Netscape
îtturdoy, r-ebrudty 24, 2001
(vw<t<t<
Vt^fivai
Screen Klnas
To>
. 25.7. window.open
,
, , .
( Netscape Comnnunications Corp.)
1251
1252
25. JavaScript
33
Netscape.com - Netscape
Fte
Edit
View
60
Communicatof
f.r ^.
Help
,1
:J
Satut<}ay. F e b r u a r v 24, 2 0 0 1
^-^-
Screen Kings
Tax Time
Kurt Russell and Kevin

Costner lead a gang of
Elvis impersonators on a
heist in '3000 Miles to
Oraceiand.' Also debuting
The tax deadline is fast

approaching. Consult our
comprehensive tax guide
for all the resources you
need to file ort time.
^f?
Doctffnent: Done
'--^^
J '"^
. 25.8. ,
!
:' .' 4 -' .^ si i 'S 1;
^
Bookmafks
îmtentMrnage
.^'
SI
' What's Related
NetsSe jhUp /'/home netscape com/
? WebMa* ^ i Contact
^ 1 Poopte
g i Ye8owPges S i Download J ^ Chanrwfe ^
ReaiPlajjw
-':^ ^Î^J.^,^^^^!^^^
Screen Kings
TdX Time
KurtRusftll nd Kvin
Costner led 4 99 of
The tax d*dlin is f t s t

pproichmq, Consult oui
heist in ' 3 0 0 0 Miles to

(3r*celnd.' Also debuting
Frasier in 'Monkeybone.'
for II the resources you

need to file on nme.
ri^t? -pt. T'< :. j d
HOTDTAiS K M
M u s t - H a v e s ; J.Crew
Spring 2 0 0 1 for M e n
2 0 0 1 Collection
Entertelflsiisnt
NBC's sitcom flagship is
sinking - IS it t i m e t o
put us out of its m i s e r y '
ra
Enter Zip Code or City

TOP PICJcS
.. r '
4 \ f WV
S^M.
G o u r m e t Body Paint
^ 'Friorids'?
m Ri'ih.cs'U .=<-îir<_'j-'i-C3D.'-?Lan act'

T e e n Suspect ir> D a r t m o u t h Murders Has Neo-Na;i Ties
Powell Meets Ry?sian Cognterpart
yf^s * Labradors. Retrievers Lead Most Popular Poo List
Ttîl Us W h d t Y u u
Think
T a k e our survey
forecasting t h e year
ahead.
.iSQ.OOQ
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business
(' '^'^'^
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d
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25.35. Window
1253
25.36.
, . . ,
HTML, Java JavaScript , Web . ,
, .
HTML, ,
. Java, ,
, RMI JDBC. , CGL
. , .
, ,
.
JavaScript-. ,
, , ,
, .
, - .
, .
!
1254
Abstract Window Toolkit, 455; 184

Active Seiner Pages, 903
ActiveX, 101; 104
Apache XalanJ, 1078; 1088
Apache Xerces, 1053; 1055
appletviewer, 196
ASCII, 48
ASP,903
AVI, 94
AWT, 183; 359; 455
Cascading Style Sheets, Level 1, 137

CGI-, 850
C o m m o n Object Request Broker
.Architecture, 756
cookie, 846; 871; 880; 1140
CORBA, 193; 756
CSS1,CSS2, 137
D
Document Object Model, 1051; 1052
Document Type Definition, 1051
DOM, 1051; 1052
DTD, 1051
E
ECMA, 1101
ECMAScript, 1101
Enterprise JavaBeans, 193
European Computer Manufacturers
Association, 1101
Extensible Style sheet Language for
Transformations, 1051
GIF89A, 94;712
H
HTML, 37
HTML-, 785; 1190
HTML-, 41
-, 39; 751
-, 997; 1007
HyperText Markup Language, 35
HyperText Transfer Protocol, 39
IMAP4, 193
Internet Explorer, 36
ISO, 85
JAR-, 246
Java, 179
Java 2D, 359
Java API, 196
Java Database Connectivity, 192; 719; 1017
Java Development Kit, 192
Java Foundation Classes, 359
Java Naming and Directoiy Interface, 193
Java Plug-In, 332; 359; 926
Java Runtime Environment, 332
JavaBeans, 192; 932
JavaHelp, 595
JavaMail, 193
JavaScript, 80; 904; 1101; 1173
JavaServer Pages, 193; 901
JavaServer Web Development Kit, 822
JAXP, 193; 1052; 1054
JDBC, 192; 719; 1017

JDBC-, 1017; 1018
JDK, 192
JNDI, 193
JRE, 332
JRun, 821
JScript, 1102
JSP,901
JSWDK, 822
JVM, 183
LiteWebServer, 821
LWS, 821
SAX, 1051; 1064

ServletExec, 821
Simple API for XML, 1051
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, 728
Simple Object Access Protocol, 1051
SMTP, 728
SOAP, 1051
Socket, 719
SQL-, 1020
SSI, 904
STP, 193
Swing, 334; 455; 543
M
MDI, 575
1-, 50; 93; 1207
Model view controller architecture, 978
Multiple Document Interface, 575
N
Netscape, 37
Tomcat, 821
Transformation API for XML, 1079
TrAX, 1079
UI-, 544; 546

Unicode, 48; 85; 255
Uniform Resource Locator, 39
URL, 39
PHP, 903
POP3, 193
V
VBScript, 903
VRML, 101
QuickTime, 94
R
Remote Method Invocation, 192; 719; 756
Resin, 821
RMI, 192; 719; 756
RMI-IIOP, 193
RMI-, 757
RMI-, 757
RPC, 756
RSA, 681
World Wide Web Consortium, 37
X
XML, 193; 1051
XPath, 1078
XSL, 1077; 1078
XSLT, 1051; 1078
XSLT-, 1079
1255
1256
Z-, 551
Z-, 551
, 166
, 233
, 234

, 836
, 91
, 794
, 708
GIF-, 94
, 708
, 192
, 101; 194; 311
, 258; 1204
--
, 546; 603; 978
, 41
, 365
, 46
, 187
, 946
, 242
, 297
, 159
catch, 302
finally, 302; 305
try, 302
, 253
, 919
-, 271
,295
JavaScript Java, 1148
, 643
)' Java, 183
, 445
, 62
, 401
, 140
, 545; 651
, 575
, 192; 401
, 386
, 568
, 94
, 142
, 130; 132
, 598
Swing- , 649
, 273
, 272; 317
, 692
, 340
Java JavaScript, 1148
, 57; 59
, 904; 905; 1018
, 223
, 90; 1200
, 719
, 745
,672
, 79
, 359; 371
, 371
, 371
Java, 253
, 334
, 690
, 812
, 836
, 66
, 836
, 1180
, 545; 651; 704
, 603; 634
, 902
, 904; 910
HTML , 43
,848
, 297
, 36
javadoc, 224
,673
, 214

, 493
, 1110

, 629
, 1122
HTML-, 1103
, 902; 913
, 419
BorderLayout, 422
BoxLayout, 439
CardLayout, 427
FlowLayout, 420
GridBagLayout, 432
GridLayout, 425
, 224
}^, 1183
, 104; 1217
, 1120
, 230
, 603; 621
, 366
, 366
, 318
, 830
, 688
, 833
, 757
, 56
HTTP-, 841
1257
, 66
, 1018
, 125
, 42
, 373
, 370
, 1018
GET, 991
POST, 991; 1007
, 58
, 1046
, 1046
, 124
, 145; 254
, 892
, 1194
, 209
, 209
, 209
, 830
Java, 195
JSP, 977
, 235
, 757
, 395
, 61
, 302
, 306

JavaScript-, 1148; 1150
, 757
,
, 98; 806
, 98; 806
, 146
, 36; 137
, 403
1258
, 946
, 144
, 719
, 745
, 496; 794; 1177
JavaScript, 798
RESET, 1225
SUBMIT, 1235
, 504
, 853
, 786
, 42
, 460
Canvas, 456
ScrollPane, 474
, 42
JavaScript, 1173
, 211
, 42; 472
, 535
, 546
, 367
, 362
, 367
, 367
, 544
, 254; 726
Java, 253
, 363
, 530; 567
JavaScript, 142
, 88
, 209
, 359; 378
, 61; 64; 165

, 291
JavaScript, 1116; 1173
, 386
, 480
, 210
, 842
, 786
, 219
, 294
, 190; 666
, 677
, 486
, 546
, 604
,
612; 627
, 192
, 210; 247
URL, 892
, 1020
, 230
, , 42
, 38
, 402
, 386; 389
, 307
, 409
, 61; 165
, 366
, 248
, 316
, 126
JavaScript, 1108
, 395
, 67; 68
JavaScript Java, 1157
, 163
, 364
, 186; 207
JavaScript, 1111
, 673
, 395
- , 186
-
, 207
, 726
, 666
, 746
, 1240
Dialog, 486
FileDialog, 489
Frame, 475
Window, 491
, 510; 802
, 258
, 65
javadoc, 227
, 58
, 42
, 166
URL, 46
, 660
, 242
, 469
, 583
, 108
, 282; 311; 327

, 103
, 282
, 282
, 795
, 785
, 504; 597;
799; 800; 1218
this, 212
, 209
CLASSPATH, 245
, 208
, 857
, 978
, 215
, 359
, 126
, 559
, 586
, 163
1259
, 130; 132
, 218
, 891; 918
, 230
, 1019
, 792; 1215
, 841; 853; 864
, 208
, 518; 790; 1237
, 242
, 530
, 836
, 946
, 720
, 813
, 665; 832
, 658
Swing, 658
,138
, 912
, 905; 912

, 544; 546
, 146
JSP , 902
, 359; 386
, 1079
, 194; 311
, 255
HTML-, 1131
, 781
, 781
, 359
, 370; 376
, 364
HTML, 43
, 546
, 255
, 368
, 368
, 146
, 833
, 1214
, 61; 64
1260
, 130

cookie LavaScript, 1140
JavaScript, 1144
, 40
, 113
DOM, 1053
SAX, 1064
, 726
, 757
, 79
, 254
, 35
, 443
, 1226
, 564
, 535; 1227
, 507; 802
, 295
, 396
)^ , 1219
, 297
, 365
, 230
, 179; 214
, 138
JavaScript, 1173
, 208
, 622
, 895
, 721
, 364; 390
, 386
,138; 143
,719; 745
, 1019
) , 817
, 193; 817
, 192; 999
,482
, 848
Java, 253
, 673
, 674

, 676
Class, 676
, 676
, 674
, 904; 908
, 811; 892
, 1192
, 167; 1128; 1197
, 391
, 395
JavaScript, 1173
, 626
, 645
, 713
, 492
, 1107

FTP-, 725
, 1017; 1019
, 720
, 1223
H T T P 1.1, 845
Java Servlet, 820
JavaServer Pages, 820
, 603; 604
, 61; 65; 165
,1193
,367
, 286
, 186; 280
, 280
, 403
, 209
, 214
, 526
, 83
Java, 547
MacOS, 547
Metal, 547
Motif, 547
Windows, 547
, 381
, 364
, 381
HTML, 43
, 284; 1230
, 253
, 781; 836
,853
, 66; 71
DOM, 1053
, 230
, 1101
, 246

, 946; 947
, 83
, 839
, 688
, 501; 595; 799; 1178
, 93; 117
, 78; 1190
, 991
, 37; 111; 1144; 1240
, 66
, 712
, 904
, 523; 589; 792; 1238
, 55
, 956
, 65
,359
, 381
, 544
, 756
, 757
, 186; 280
JavaScript-, 1148; 1153
, 257
, 857
, 2 5 8 ; 259
, 381
, 256

, 495
, 258; 265
, 60; 85
, 311
,
, 1210
, , 256

, 274
, 359; 381
, 207
, 50; 55
, 291
, 902; 904
, 50; 83
, 1186
1261
-
,
Web.

.
..
..
..
.. , ..
"".
101509, , . , . 43, . 1.
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.
28.12.2001. 70x100/16.
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5000 . 2515.
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197110, -, ., 15.

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Холл - Программирование для Web

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

WEB

Prentk Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, N J 07458

Sun Microsystems Press

ISBN 5-8459-0237-1 (.)

1. web- HTML 4.0

10. Java 2d; Java 2

20. JavaServer Pages

1.1. HyperText Markup Language

10. Java 2d: Java 2

23.4. SAX: ...

24. JavaScript: Web-

24.4. JavaScript Web-

HTML 4.01. , HTML. , , , ,

Netscape Internet Explorer.

Java 2D. 2-.

JavaServer Pages (JSP). JSP. ,

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC).

XML- Java. XML-

Java JavaScript. L i v e C o n n e c t JSOb j e c t .

HTML-, Java- JavaScript.

HyperText Markup Language.

HTML 4.0 HTML.

, HTML (HyperText Markup Lan

1.1. HyperText Markup Language

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

-^Search JJFuvorte* ^Hetory

Home Page for Lawrence M. Brown

Senior Network Engineer

1.1. HTML- \/-

Naval Surface Warfare Center</A><BR>

1.2. HTML 4.0 HTML

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

^ i' ^ - 1 '> ii^

. 1.2. HTML 4.0,

1.2. HTML4 . 0~Template, html

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

: <HTML ..> ... </HTML>

1.5. HEAD ...

DOCTYPE. H T M L 4.0 VERSION

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

: <BASE HREF="..." ...> ( )

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

: <BGSOUND SRC="..." ...> (

1.5. HEAD ...

: <SCRIPT TYPE="..." ...> ... </SCRIPT>

: <STYLE TYPE="..." ...> ... </STYLE>

HREF, REL, REV

TYPE, CHARSET, HREFLANG, MEDIA

<1> First Web Page</Hl>

: <BODY ...> ... </BODY>

1 . Web- HTML 4.0

TEXT, LINK, VLINK ALINK

1.1 HTML 4.0

1 Samples of the six heading types:

. 2.1. Document-Headings .html

ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)

: <LI ...> ... </LI> (

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BORDERCOLOR, BORDERCOLORDARK, BORDERCOLORLIGHT