Experiment 7 Carbon Residue Tests I. Objective : To be able to predict and study the carbon deposit in lubricating oils. II.

Theory: The carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere. It may be expressed as Ramsbottom Carbon Residue (RCR), Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) or Micro Carbon Residue (MCR). Numerically, the CCR value is the same as that of MCR. The carbon residue value is considered by some to give an approximate indication of the combustibility and deposit forming tendencies of the fuel. The carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere, and may be expressed commonly as Micro Carbon Residue (MCR) or alternatively Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR). It should be noted that numerically MCR is effectively the same as CCR. The overall relationship between actual diesel engine performance and carbon residue is poor, however, the carbon residue value is considered by some to give an indication of the combustibility and carbonaceous deposit forming tendencies of a fuel. The carbon residue provides information on the carbonaceous deposits which will result from combustion of the fuel. For fuels with a high carbon- high carbon/hydrogen ratio, it is proved more difficult to burn them fully, which results in increased deposits in the combustion and exhaust spaces. Fuels with a high carbon residue value may cause problems in older engines when they are operating under part load conditions. The carbon residue value of a fuel depends on the refinery processes employed in its manufacture.

III. Apparatus Conradson Carbon Residue Tester, Balance with a set of weights, Bunsen burner IV. Materials Lubrucating Oils, SAE 20 V. Procedure Clean the porcelain crucible and weight to the nearest 5 mg(pakicorrect to. Di ko mabasa ung nakalagay). Fill it with 10 grams of oil sample and reweight to the same accuracy then place it to the skidmore crucible, cover both crucibles on the center of the wire triangle with the asbestos insulation on the tripod. Cover the assembly with the sheet iron and apply heat with a strong flame by the bunsen burner so that the fire or the ore ignition will be from 8.5 to 11.5 minutes. When smoke appears in the chimney, move it or tilt the burners so that the flame plays on the sides of the crucible and ignites the oil vapour. Remove the burner momentarily and

adjust the flame above the chimney. Burning period is from 12 to 14 minutes. When the burning and smoking ceases, the burner is adjusted so that the bottom of the iron crucible is heated to a cherry red for exactly 7 minutes. Remove the burner and allow the apparatus to cool for about 15 minutes. Weigh the porcelain crucible and content. Repeat the same procedure for the other oil sample. VI. Report 1. Calculate the percentage of carbon residue on the basis of the original sample weight. 2. Why the residue in this experiment is incorrectly termed carbon residue? 3. Why is the rate of heating important in the test? V. Answers 1. 2. A residue is that which is left over after part is taken away. What was left in the crucible is not actually a residue. It is still a carbon compound, not the carbon itself. This is because there is no complete combustion. 3. The rate of heating is important in the test because it is the basis of observing the sample on what will happen on the time indicated in the experiment. Changes undergo during the time interval specified in the test of when smoke will appear, the fire will appear, etc.

VI. Final Data

Before Heating Crucible SAE 20.02 32.28

After Heating 20.02 30.11

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