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e-mail: vasildinev@gmail.com, http://vasil7penchev.wordpress.com .
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ihgylb_dh_lhs_k_baihea\Z\t\nbehkhnbylZgZbklhjbylZ´[Lbeebo
1995: 217].


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hj]ZgbaZpby (Hegel 1955: 176)2.
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gZjh^Zbihke_^ghlhktagZgb_dfdh_lhk_k\_`^Z\kbqdhq_qh\_dtl
_k\h[h^_g +HJHO1955: 59).


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hdZa\Z k\_lh\ghbklhjbq_kdb  kZfh ^hdhedhlh \ g_]h\by hkgh\_g
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iheblbq_kdZhj]ZgbaZpby O_]_e-107).


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bklhjbq_kdbitl *HVFKLFN 5.
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"Kh[kl\_ghlh [blb_ dtf kftjllZ dh_lh s_ j_q_ djZcghkllZ gZ
\j_f_\hkllZ _ kdjblZlZ hkgh\Z gZ bklhjbqghkllZ gZ 'DVHLQ"
+HLGHJJHU    Ltdfh hlgZkyg_lh dtf kftjllZ beb
j_rbfhkllZ6 hij_^_e_gZ hl OZc^_]_j \ ^moZ gZ ojbklbygkdhlh
fbke_g_ dZlh [blb_ gZ \bgh\ghkllZ ]j_oh\ghkllZ  ^Z\Z
\tafh`ghkllZ aZ k\h[h^Z aZ ba[hj aZ kt^[Z b aZ bklhjbqghkl b \
djZcgZ kf_ldZ b gZc-\Z`gh – aZ [t^_s_ :dh h[Zq_ kt^[ZlZ
dhgklblmbjZ bagZqZegZlZ bklhjbqghkl gZ 'DVHLQ lh bklhjbylZ bfZ
k\hylZ ktsghklgZ l_`_kl g_ \fbgZehlhg_\gZklhys_lhbg_]h\ZlZ
\aZbfh\jtadZ k fbgZehlh Z \ kh[kl\_ghlh kt[blb_ gZ
_dabkl_gpbylZ dh_lh \tagbd\Z hl [t^_s_lh gZ 'DVHLQ +HLGHJJHU
1993: 386) Ke_^h\Zl_egh k hktagZ\Zg_lh k\h[h^Z beb kftjl k_ _

5 < ij_\h^Z gZ ³*HVFKLFN´ dZlh ³bklhjbq_kdb itl´ k_ ke_^\Z jmkdbyl


ij_\h^gZ<;b[bobg[OZc^_]]_j].
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k_[_aZo\tjeyg_gZkh[kl\_ghlh[blb_gZ\bgh\ghklLy^hklb]Zk\hylZ
kh[kl\_ghkl dZlh baij_\Zj\ZsZ j_rbfhkl < g_y Dasein k_ jZa[bjZ hl
k\hylZkihkh[ghklgZ[blb_ihlZdt\gZqbgq_]e_^ZkftjllZ\hqbl_
lZdZq_kts_kl\m\Zshlhdh_lh_lhkZfhlhgZitegh^Zijb_f_k\hylZ
aZo\tje_ghkl´[Heidegger 1993: 382].


kemqbeh kt[blb_lh gZ _dabkl_gpbylZ gZ [te]Zjkdby gZjh^ dh_lh _
\tagbdgZeh hl g_]h\hlh [t^_s_ \t\ nbehkhnkdb kfbkte b dh_lh
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dZdlh gZ mki_obl_ beb sZkleb\bl_ h[klhyl_ekl\Z lZdZ b gZ
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oZjZdl_jbabjZgby kfbkte kt^[Z Kt^[hghkgh _dabklbjZcdb \
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`_klhdhkllZgZkemqZcghklbl_ +HLGHJJHU 
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kt[blb_ *HVFKHKHQ  dh_lh _ h[sh kt[blb_ aZ_^gh k ^jm]b –
kt[blb_-aZ_^gh (Mitgeschehen)7 Lhc _ hkgh\Zg \ kt^[ZlZ dhylh _
j_rbl_eghkllZ aZ baij_\Zj\Zsh k_[_ij_^hklZ\yg_ gZ gZebqghkllZ
GDV 'D  gZ fb]Z +HLGHJJHU    K bklhjbq_kdb itl gb_
hagZqZ\Zf_kt[blb_lhgZh[sghkllZgZgZjh^Z Heidegger 1993: 384).
Lhc g_ _ ktklZ\_g hl kt^[bl_ gZ hl^_egbl_ ohjZ GZijhlb\ l_
ij_^\Zjbl_egh kZ aZ^Z^_gb \ [blb_lh-_^bg-k-^jm] 0LWHLQDQGHUVHLQ  b
\ j_rbl_eghkllZ aZ hij_^_e_gb \tafh`ghklb l_ \ djZcgZ kf_ldZ \
bklhjbq_kdbyitl
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^jm]bl_ gZjh^b gZijbf_j lmjkdby kjt[kdby ]jtpdby jmftgkdby b
^jm]bl_[ZedZgkdbb_\jhi_ckdbgZjh^b"
<ta]e_^bl_gZ<Ijh^Zgh\aZ^h]hg\ZshlhjZa\blb_

7 Dh]Zlh h[Zq_ kt^[h\gbyl 'DVHLQ dZlh [blb_-\-k\_lZ ktsghklgh




_dabklbjZ dZlh [blb_-aZ_^gh k ^jm]bl_ 0LWVHLQ PLW $QGHUHQ  g_]h\hlh


kt[blb_ _ kt[blb_-aZ_^gh 0LWJHVFKHKHQ  b k_ hij_^_ey dZlh
bklhjbq_kdbitl[Heidegger 1993: 384].


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[eZ]Z – < Ihgylb_ km^v[u \ dhgl_dkl_ jZaguo dmevlmj Fhkd\Z
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g_bklhjbq_kdbl_gZjh^b–<>h]hg\ZshlhjZa\blb_KNZ[_j-
44.
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dmevlmjuFhkd\ZXjbkl
Lhihjh\<Km^v[ZbkemqZc–<Ihgylb_km^v[u\dhgl_dkl_
jZaguodmevlmjFhkd\ZGZmdZ-75.
OZ^`bckdbBKtqbg_gby\^\ZlhfZLHilbfbklbqgZ
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Fhkd\Z$G0DUJLQHP
O_]_e =-N  NbehkhnbylZ gZ bklhjbylZ L >motl gZ
balhdZK?\jZaby
Hegel, G.W.F. 1955. Vorlesungen vber die Philosophie der
Weltgeschichte. Bd. I. Die Vernunft in der Geschichte. Hamburg: Felix
Meiner.
Spengler, O. 1963. Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Mvnchen:
C.H.Beck.
Heidegger, M. 1993. Sein und Zeit. Tvbingen: Max Niemeyer.



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