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Epithelium

Surface Modifications,

Microvilli
Three Types of
Junctions
 Occluding junctions – Zonula
occludens
 restrict and direct movement of fluids
in intercellular space
 Focal adhesions in a band around cell;
composed of
 Transmembrane = occludin,
cytoplasmic proteins = ZO 1-3 (1 is
tumor supressor, 2 is part of EGF
signaling, 3 is linker)
 Breach ZO – leaky epithelia
 Most apical attachment, restricting
movements of PM proteins and
maintaining integrity of apical vs.
basal/lateral surfaces
 Tightness of anastomosing network
differs b/w tissues
Three Types of
Junctions, cont’d
 Anchoring Junctions (lateral face)
 Zonula Adherens
• Lateral adhesion
• Continuous band of transmembrane
cadherins bound to catenin/vinculin/actin
on cytoplasmic side
• Adhesion is Ca+ dependent

Macula Adherens (Desmosomes)
• High tensile strength
• Desmoplakin/plakoglobin attach to
intermediate filaments
• Not a continuous structure around cell
• Attachment plaque – shock absorber
• Attach to other cells by desmogleins
(cadherin zipper)
Three Types of
Junctions, cont’d
 Communicating Junctions

Gap junctions
 Lateral pores composed of
connexins

Pore size alters, but still restricts
cell-cell communication
physically
 Lowers electrical resistance in
cells (permits ion passage)

Protein = Connexin
Basal Face
 Basement Membrane
 Basal lamina
• Collagen
• Proteoglycans
• Laminin
• Entactin and Fibronectin
• H & E stains poorly; use PAS
• Beneath Basal Lamina is Reticular lamin
(connective tissue)
• Attachment, Compartmentalization,
Filtration, Polarity induction, Tissue
scaffolding
 Cell-ECM junctions
 Focal Adhesions (via actin)
 Hemidesmosomes (present in
mechanically abraded tissues)
 PM foldings
Glands
Exocrine vs Endocrine – How are they different?

What are these?


Exocrine Glands

 Merocrine

Vesicle bound products;
exocytosis
 Apocrine
 Released in apical portion of cell
 Holocrine
 Apoptosis related release (eg.,
sebaceous glands)

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