l

A8S1kAC1




1he compressor was swlLched on and Lhe alr flow raLe was seL uslng Lhe
roLameLer 1he alr flowed Lhrough Lhe column and exlLed aL Lhe Lop 1he
pressure drop across Lhe column Lhe plaLe alone ln Lhls case was measured
wlLh Lhe manomeLer 1he alr flow raLe was lncreased Lo a maxlmum value ln
1cm sLeps and Lhen decreased agaln 1he LemperaLure of Lhe alr was
measured uslng a LhermomeLer for each change ln flow raLe 1he compressor
was swlLched off and Lhe sand was added vla Lhe Lop of Lhe column 1he
compressor was Lhen Lurned back on and Lhe same procedure followed
excepL sLarLed wlLh 03cm sLeps unLll 10cm was reached Lhen 1cm sLeps unLll
Lhe maxlmum value was reached and decreased Lhe same way AddlLlonally
Lhe depLh of Lhe bed was measured







l

1A8LL CI CCN1LN1S
A8S1kAC1 I
AIM 1
AAkA1US ] kCCLDUkL 1
kLSUL1S 2
1. RAW RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 2
2. OBSERVATIONS .............................................................................................................. 2
CALCULA1ICNS 4
1. CARMAN-KOZENY EQUATION......................................................................................... 4
2. GENERALIZED ANALYSIS................................................................................................ 4
3. USING ERGUN EQUATION ............................................................................................... 5
4. MINIMUM THEORETICAL FLUIDIZING VELOCITY ............................................................. 5
5. CALCULATION OF THEORETICAL PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BED: ........................................ 5
kAnS 8
DISCUSSICN 13
SOURCES OF ERRORS .............................................................................................................13
COMPARISONS ......................................................................................................................13
A. BED HEIGHT ..................................................................................................................13
B. PRESSURE DROP ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ...........................................................14
C. PRESSURE DROP EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED ....................................................14
D. PRESSURE DROP FLUIDIZED BED .................................................................................14
E. MINIMUM FLUIDIZING VELOCITY ...................................................................................14
kLCCMMLNDA1ICNS 1S
CCNCLUSICN 16
ALNDIk 17


ll

L|st of I|gures D|agrams raphs

llgure 1 SchemaLlc ulagram of LqulpmenL used 2


1able 1 CbservaLlons Cf arLlcle 8ehavoulr 2
1able 2 8aw 8esulLs lor ressure urop Across LmpLy Column 17
1able 3 8aw 8esulLs lor ressure urop Across Column WlLh Sand 18

Craph 1 Changes ln ressure urop Across ulsLrlbuLor laLe WlLh Changlng
veloclLy 8


1

AIM
1he purpose of Lhls experlmenL was baslcally Lo compare Lhe dlfferenL LheoreLlcal relaLlonshlps avallable for
packed/fluldlzed beds wlLh acLual experlmenLal resulLs obLalned Speclflcally Lhe followlng were examlned
ueLermlnlng Lhe pressure drop across packed beds
Comparlng Lhe measured value of Lhe mlnlmum fluldlzlng veloclLy wlLh LhaL predlcLed
Comparlng Lhe measured value of pressure drop across a fluldlzed bed wlLh LhaL predlcLed

AAkA1US ] kCCLDUkL
1 1he fan was swlLched on and Lhe alr flow raLe was seL Lo a value of 1 on Lhe roLameLer 1he pressure drop
across Lhe plaLe was measured
2 uslng sLeps of 1 on Lhe roLameLer Lhe alr flow raLe was lncreased Lo 23 and Lhe pressure drops and alr
LemperaLures were recorded
3 1he alr veloclLy was Lhen decreased ln lncremenLs of 1 1he pressure drop and alr LemperaLure were
measured
4 1he fan was swlLched off and Lhe sand was charged Lo Lhe column
3 1he fan was Lhen Lurned on and Lhe alr flow was seL Lo 03 on Lhe roLameLer 1he pressure drop depLh of
bed LemperaLure and observaLlons were recorded
6 1he flow raLe was lncreased ln sLeps of 03 up Lo a value of 10 and readlngs were Laken
7 lncremenLs of 1 were used for flow raLes beLween 1023 (on Lhe roLameLer)
8 nexL Lhe alr flow raLe was decreased uslng Lhe same sLep changes and Laklng Lhe same measuremenLs
as above
9 1he fan was swlLched off

2

IIUkL 1 SCnLMA1IC DIAkAM CI LUIMLN1 USLD
kLSUL1S
1 8aw 8esulLs
See Appendlx 1ables 1 and 2 for experlmenLal resulLs
2 CbservaLlons


















1A8LL 1 C8SLkVA1ICNS CI Ak1ICLL 8LnAVCUIk
kotometer keodinq Observotions
Ascend|ng
1 14cm
1Scm

noLhlng noLlceable happened
Cn one slde of Lhe column bubbles abouL flsL slzed were seen rlslng
Lo Lhe Lop of Lhe bed

16 17cm owder flne parLlcles were seen escaplng aL Lop of bed 8ubbles were
now rlslng Lhrough enLlre cross secLlon of column noL [usL on one slde
18cm 8ubble slzes sLarL Lo lncrease llner parLlcles sLlll released aL Lop of
column
2023cm Same as before bubble slzes conLlnue Lo lncrease
Descend|ng
2216cm

Slmllar Lo ascendlng expecL bubble slzes decreaslng llne parLlcles sLlll
released aL Lop of column
1Scm no more large bubbles seen small alr bubbles seen movlng Lhrough
one slde of column same slde as when fluldlzaLlon begun arLlcles
were seen '[umplng' aL Lop of bed
14cm Smaller alr bubbles seen formlng LhroughouL Lhe cross secLlon of Lhe
bed abouL 23" from Lop of column and breaklng aL Lhe surface
13 1cm no more bubbles or any noLlceable changes seen
3


4

CALCULA1ICNS
1 Carmankozeny LquaLlon

)
2
m
3
2
2
d
uL 1
180

s
s

where shape facLor assumed Lo be 1
voldage
vlscoslLy of alr 0000018 kg/ms
u superflclal veloclLy of alr m/s
L helghL of packlng m
d
m
average dlameLer of parLlcle 000090142m

2 3
2
2
00090142 . 0 * 396 . 0
24 . 0 * 13005 . 0 * 000018 . 0 ) 396 . 0 1 (
1 * 180


73022 a
2 Cenerallzed Analysls

) . J
3
1 . 0 1 2
Re 4 . 0 Re 5 U 1 SL
s
+ p s


Where S
m
d
6

8e
)
) ) s
p
1 $
&
denslLy of alr

) . J
3
1 . 0 1 2
418 . 0
5275 . 2 * 4 . 0 5275 . 2 * 5 141 . 0 * 17 . 1 * 418 . 0 1 255 . 0 * 53 . 6230

+

6977 a
3

3 uslng Lrgun LquaLlon

) )
m
3
2
2
m
3
2
d
L U 1 75 . 1
d
UL 1 150
s
p s
+
s
s


2 3
2
000963 0 418 0
255 0 142 0 000018 0 418 0 1 150
*
* * * ) (
+
000963 . 0 * 418 . 0
255 . 0 * 142 . 0 * 17 . 1 * ) 418 . 0 1 ( * 75 . 1
3
2

37786 a
4 Mlnlmum 1heoreLlcal lluldlzlng veloclLy
u
0

)
)
4
2
3
4
2
m s
1 180
gd
s
s p p

Where u
0
mlnlmum fluldlzlng veloclLy
p
s
denslLy of parLlcles 2640kg/m
3

s
o
voldage when fluldlzaLlon beglns (approxlmaLed Lo 0418)

) ) )
) ) 418 . 0 1 000018 . 0 180
418 . 0 000963 . 0 81 . 9 17 . 1 43 . 2817
3 2
-
- -

09923 m/s
3 CalculaLlon of LheoreLlcal pressure drop across bed
(1s) L (p
s
p) g
(10418) (027) (281743117) (981)
434139 a


6






















1A8LL 2

Alr veloclLy
m/s LxperlmenLal Carmen kozeny Cenerallzed Lrgun
013003 4890 73022 84427 69810
014430 4890 81136 93069 78672
013893 4890 89249 103948 87736
017368 4890 97321 117283 97243
020263 4890 113773 140261 116339
021710 4890 121901 132098 126349
023137 4890 130028 164164 136761
023411 4890 142680 183402 133100
027633 4890 133160 202916 169743
029088 4890 163327 213971 180920
030392 4890 171770 229703 192710
032048 4890 179930 243238 204339
033018 4890 196623 271321 228803
036336 4890 203148 286331 241660
039439 4890 221360 313326 267101
040986 4890 230133 331131 280733
042318 4890 238737 347026 294698
044033 4890 247363 363211 308934
047067 4890 264278 393633 337366
048613 4890 272972 412661 332638
033119 4890 298262 463364 398004
036160 4890 313334 499074 429828
060690 9781 340770 333689 479061
063234 9781 366284 610312 330631
069792 14671 314992 346336 478310
074482 14671 304209 343369 480601
079200 19361 281281 323366 464243
082318 19361 236923 491747 438346
086808 19361 249883 493440 442696
092940 19361 247677 308377 439729
097437 24431 196981 427363 390463
102094 24431 182709 412242 379338
103737 29342 163833 383392 334649
ressure urop a
7





















1A8LL 3

Alr veloclLy
m/s LxperlmenLal Carmen kozeny Cenerallzed Lrgun
102234 29342 206719 439219 421307
097743 29342 223322 482080 439189
093231 29342 248434 310909 461966
087080 24431 260887 313800 460726
082376 24431 268779 313076 437336
079373 24431 293717 349113 486898
073069 24431 306609 331398 486196
070433 19361 317983 333721 483123
063834 19361 330412 336767 484872
061364 19361 307884 303817 438301
036783 14671 284908 433721 393214
033796 14671 269912 424030 364730
049233 14671 247031 377291 322980
047743 14671 239343 362408 309731
044760 14671 224373 333237 283939
043199 9781 216746 318343 270786
041710 9781 209272 304318 238446
040220 9781 201798 290498 246321
037241 9781 186830 263484 222713
033693 9781 179093 249793 210803
032720 9781 164168 224097 188334
031184 9781 136439 211133 177364
029699 9781 149008 198861 166788
028214 9781 141338 186781 136424
023986 9781 130382 169063 141278
023721 9781 119018 131343 126368
022204 9781 111403 140090 116634
020723 9781 103976 129138 107393
017733 9781 88981 107698 89346
016237 9781 81366 97431 80740
014733 9781 74033 87230 72213
013280 9781 66629 77432 64043
ressure urop a
8

kAnS



kAn 1 CnANLS IN kLSSUkL DkC ACkCSS DIS1kI8U1Ck LA1L WI1n CnANIN VLLCCI1
0
30
100
130
200
230
300
0000 0100 0200 0300 0400 0300 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000
ascendlng decendlng 2 per Mov Avg (ascendlng) 2 per Mov Avg (decendlng)
9

kAnS
























kAn 2

02000
02230
02300
02730
03000
03230
000 010 020 030 040 030 060 070 080 090 100
uecendlng Ascendlng
10

kAnS















kAn 3
0
300
1000
1300
2000
2300
3000
3300
4000
000 010 020 030 040 030 060 070 080 090 100
ascendlng uecendlng 2 per Mov Avg (ascendlng) 2 per Mov Avg (uecendlng)
11

C8APS
















kAn 4
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
3000
6000
7000
000 020 040 060 080 100 120
as
ck gen ergun expL
12

C8APS















kAn S

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
3000
6000
000 020 040 060 080 100 120
de
ck gen ergun expL
13

DISCUSSICN
Sources of Lrrors
When Lhe roLameLer was seL Lo a requlred value and Lhe necessary measuremenLs were belng recorded
lL was noLlced LhaL Lhe roLameLer value flucLuaLed 1hls lndlcaLes LhaL Lhe alr flow Lo Lhe column was noL
consLanL 1he alr veloclLy Lhrough Lhe column ls a ma[or parL of Lhe calculaLlons and slnce lL was noL
posslble Lo measure and record correcL correspondlng values Lhe calculaLlons made uslng alr veloclLy
for Lhls experlmenL would noL be accuraLe
lnlLlally Lhe Lop of Lhe bed ls supposed Lo be smooLh and flaL 1hls was dlfflculL Lo achleve as Lhe sand
had Lo be poured from a reasonable helghL uslng a beaker 1hls means Lhere was an error ln measurlng
Lhe bed helghL from Lhe beglnnlng
As bed movemenL begun from Lhe slze and placemenL of bubbles seen ln Lhe column lL ls cerLaln LhaL
proper fluldlzaLlon dld noL occur lnlLlally Lhere was channellng and Lhen slugglng! 1hls ls an lndlcaLlon
LhaL Lhe dlsLrlbuLor plaLe elLher does noL have evenly placed orlflces or LhaL Lhe plaLe ls clogged ln
slugglng Lhe slze of Lhe bubbles causes Lhe bed helghL Lo rlse and fall slgnlflcanLly 1hls makes measurlng
Lhe bed helghL exLremely dlfflculL Lo measure
AddlLlonally Lhe column sLarLed Lo vlbraLe aL hlgher veloclLles even Lhough Lhere Lhe flnal bed helghL
was hlgher Lhan Lhe lnlLlal as lL should be Lhe vlbraLlons dld caused Lhe sand Lo seLLle (Lhe Lop of Lhe bed
was level aL Lhe end of Lhe experlmenL) Lhereby affecLlng Lhe bed helghL 1herefore all calculaLlons
made uslng bed helghL would be lnaccuraLe
Slugglng usually occurs [usL before a column ls blown off 1he column dld noL acLually blow off durlng Lhe
experlmenL buL Lhe flner parLlcles from Lhe bed were losL when Lhe bubbles popped aL Lhe surface of Lhe
bed Also when Lhe column was beglnnlng fllled flne parLlcles were losL 1he mass of parLlcles losL may
noL have greaLly affecLed Lhe resulLs unless a smaller mass of parLlcles were used or lf Lhe sand
conLalned more parLlcles LhaL slze Lhe column could have been blown off
Comparlsons
a 8ed helghL
Craph 2 shows how Lhe helghL of Lhe bed changes as Lhe alr veloclLy Lhrough Lhe bed was lncreased and
Lhen decreased lor lncreaslng alr veloclLy Lhe bed helghL was consLanL unLll fluldlzaLlon occurred Lhe
bed helghL Lhen lncreased uecreaslng veloclLy gave slmllar movemenL expecL when fluldlzaLlon sLopped
Lhe bed helghL was hlgher Lhan before any movemenL occurred 1hls ls expecLed as Lhe parLlcles would
noL have reLurned Lo Lhe same packlng/poslLlons as before

14

b ressure drop LxperlmenLal Ascendlng and uescendlng
1he experlmenLal resulLs for pressure drop for boLh ascendlng and descendlng veloclLles are as
expecLed from Lheory lor ascendlng veloclLy Lhe pressure drop lncreases peaks Lhen drops of a
blL and Lhen lL almosL levels off Lo a consLanL 1he peak and drop off ln pressure drop happens
because of brldglng of Lhe bed close Lo Lhe surface Lhe lnLerlocklng forces musL be lnlLlally
overcome so Lhe pressure lncreases and Lhen decreases once Lhe forces have been broken 1he
veloclLy aL whlch Lhe pressure drop becomes almosL consLanL ls Lhe mlnlmum fluldlslng veloclLy
1he almosL consLanL pressure drop occurs when Lhe bed ls fluldlsed ln Lhls case slugglng lor Lhe
decreaslng veloclLy when Lhe bed ls fluldlsed Lhe pressure drop ls almosL consLanL AfLer passlng
Lhe mlnlmum fluldlslng veloclLy Lhe pressure drop decreases ln a llnear way 1here ls no peak as
wlLh lncreaslng veloclLy as Lhere ln no lnLerlocklng forces Lo break Lhrough
c ressure drop LxperlmenLal and CalculaLed
d ressure drop lluldlzed 8ed
1he pressure drop across a fluldlzed bed ls suppose Lo be close Lo a consLanL value hence we can
use Lhe equaLlon (1s) L (p
s
p) g 1hls gave a value of 41036 a LxperlmenLal resulLs gave
an average value of 33699 a 1he dlfference ln values can be accounLed for by Lhe error ln
obLalnlng L and as sLaLed prevlously
e Mlnlmum lluldlzlng veloclLy
1he calculaLed mlnlmum fluldlzlng veloclLy was 0831m/s 1he acLual mlnlmum fluldlzlng veloclLy
was 0697m/s where as Craph 3 gave a value of approxlmaLely 073m/s Cnce agaln dlfferences
ln values can be explaln by Lhe errors ln obLalnlng daLa Lo calculaLe a value for




ressure drops were calculaLed uslng Lhe Carmankozeny LquaLlon Cenerallzed Analysls and Lrgun
LquaLlon 1hese were ploLLed agalnsL lncreaslng alr veloclLles and shown ln graph 3 Cff Lhe Lhree Lhe
generallzed analysls gave Lhe Lhe hlghesL pressure drop followed by Lhe Lrgun LquaLlon and Carman
kozeny 1he generallzed analysls gave Lhe closesL represenLaLlon of Lhe acLual resulLs ln all a peak
13

occurred aL a veloclLy of 042 m/s and Lhls represenLs Lhe onseL of fluldlzlng 1he pressure dlps sllghLly
and Lhen lncreases agaln noLe LhaL Lhls was noL observed on Lhe acLual experlmenLal resulLs

lor decreaslng alr veloclLy Lhe calculaLed resulLs were ploLLed and shown ln graph 4 1he decrease
appears Lo be falrly llnear and Lhls expecLed lL musL be noLed LhaL all Lhe experlmenLal pressure drops
were hlgher Lhan Lhe calculaLed values wlLh Lhe generallzed analysls belng Lhe closed approxlmaLlon 1he
dlfference can be accounLed for by errors presenL




A furLher error was Lhe use of Lhe manomeLers 1he scale should have been more senslLlve as for Lhe
empLy column Lhe dlfferences ln Lhe helghL of waLer was noLlceable buL Lhe scale dld noL permlL a
change ln value

CLher errors lnclude Lhe assumpLlons LhaL Lhe shape facLor was 1 and Lhe assumpLlon LhaL Lhe voldage
was a consLanL 0418 lL ls known LhaL Lhe voldage varles


kLCCMMLNDA1ICNS
1 An alr blower wlLh a more consLanL ouLpuL should be supplled
2 1he experlmenL could be repeaLed and Lhe average values used
3 1he experlmenL could be repeaLed wlLh dlfferenL parLlcle slzes and dlfferenL gases
4 LqulpmenL for deLermlnlng Lhe sand voldage should be provlded
16


CCNCLUSICN



17

ALNDIk
kaw kesu|ts















1A8LL 4 kAW kLSUL1S ICk kLSSUkL DkC ACkCSS LM1 CCLUMN
1emperaLure 1emperaLure
cm L/mln C LPS 8PS cm L/mln C LPS 8PS
1 1230 270 2600 2630 23 8623 423 2473 2773
2 1300 280 2600 2630 22 8300 430 2473 2773
3 1873 283 2600 2630 21 8123 433 2473 2773
4 2188 283 2600 2630 20 7730 433 2473 2773
3 2300 290 2600 2630 19 7230 433 2300 2730
6 2730 300 2600 2630 18 6873 440 2300 2730
7 3123 303 2600 2630 17 6623 440 2300 2730
8 3300 310 2600 2630 16 6230 440 2300 2730
9 3730 310 2600 2630 13 3873 440 2323 2723
10 4123 320 2600 2630 14 3300 440 2323 2723
11 4300 323 2600 2630 13 3123 440 2323 2723
12 4730 330 2600 2630 12 4730 440 2330 2700
13 3123 340 2373 2673 11 4300 440 2330 2700
14 3300 333 2373 2673 10 4123 440 2330 2700
13 3873 370 2330 2700 9 3730 433 2330 2700
16 6230 380 2330 2700 8 3300 433 2373 2673
17 6623 390 2323 2723 7 3123 433 2373 2673
18 6873 393 2323 2723 6 2730 430 2373 2673
19 7230 400 2323 2723 3 2300 430 2373 2673
20 7730 400 2323 2723 4 2188 430 2373 2673
21 8123 410 2300 2730 3 1873 423 2373 2673
22 8300 420 2300 2730 2 1300 423 2373 2673
23 8623 423 2473 2773 1 1230 420 2373 2673
Ascendlng
8oLameLer ressure urop cm
uecendlng
8oLameLer ressure urop cm
18

ALNDIk


1A8LL S kAW kLSUL1S ICk kLSSUkL DkC ACkCSS CCLUMN WI1n SAND



1emperaLure 8ed uepLh 1emperaLure 8ed uepLh
cm L/mln C LPS 8PS m cm L/mln C LPS 8PS m
03 1123 343 2400 2900 02400 230 8623 470 623 4673 03200
10 1230 343 2373 2923 02400 220 8300 470 630 4630 03000
13 1373 343 2323 2973 02400 210 8123 470 673 4623 02900
20 1300 330 2230 3023 02400 200 7730 470 700 4600 02800
23 1730 330 2173 3100 02400 190 7230 463 723 4373 02723
30 1873 330 2123 3130 02400 180 6873 463 730 4330 02673
33 1873 330 2030 3200 02400 170 6623 463 773 4323 02600
40 2188 360 2000 3230 02400 160 6230 463 800 4300 02330
43 2373 363 1973 3300 02400 130 3873 460 900 4400 02300
30 2300 363 1900 3373 02400 140 3300 433 973 4373 02430
33 2623 370 1823 3473 02400 130 3123 433 1023 4230 02430
60 2730 370 1773 3323 02400 120 4730 430 1173 4123 02430
63 3000 373 1700 3600 02400 110 4300 430 1300 3973 02430
70 3123 380 1630 3630 02400 100 4123 443 1423 3830 02430
73 3373 380 1373 3723 02400 93 4000 443 1323 3773 02430
80 3300 383 1300 3773 02400 90 3730 443 1373 3723 02430
83 3623 390 1423 3830 02400 83 3623 440 1623 3673 02430
90 3730 393 1373 3923 02400 80 3300 440 1673 3623 02430
93 4000 400 1230 4023 02400 73 3373 440 1730 3330 02430
100 4123 403 1200 4073 02400 70 3123 440 1800 3300 02430
110 4300 410 1030 4230 02400 63 3000 433 1830 3430 02430
120 4730 413 900 4400 02400 60 2730 433 1923 3373 02430
130 3123 420 730 4323 02400 33 2623 430 1973 3323 02430
140 3300 423 600 4673 02400 30 2300 430 2030 3273 02430
130 3873 430 800 4300 02300 43 2373 430 2073 3223 02430
160 6230 440 773 4323 02330 40 2188 430 2123 3173 02430
170 6623 430 773 4323 02623 33 1873 423 2130 3130 02430
180 6873 433 730 4330 02700 30 1873 420 2223 3073 02430
190 7230 433 723 4373 02730 23 1730 420 2230 3030 02430
200 7730 460 700 4600 02800 20 1300 413 2300 3000 02430
210 8123 460 673 4623 03000 13 1373 413 2330 2930 02430
220 8300 463 630 4630 03100 10 1230 410 2373 2923 02430
230 8623 470 623 4673 03200 03 1123 410 2423 2873 02430
Ascendlng
8oLameLer ressure urop cm
uecendlng
8oLameLer ressure urop cm
19

ALNDIk
Sample CalculaLlons
A 8oLameLer 8eadlng Lo veloclLy
8oLameLer 8eadlng 1 cm
lrom correlaLlon charL
1cm 123 l/mln aL 13
o
C
123 l/mln 123l/(60*1000)
Cross SecLlonal Area Cf 8ed nd
2
/4
A n*(014)
2
/4
001339 m
2



123/(60*1000) 0002083 m
3
/s

CorrecLlng 1o AcLual 1emperaLure (27
o
C)
2
2
1
1
%
'
%
'

Where 1 and 2 represenL dlfferenL condlLlons of volumeLrlc flow and LemperaLure
1herefore

1
1
2 2
%
'
% '

CorrecLed volumeLrlc llow raLe
20

C

+
+
15 273
002083 . 0
) 27 273 ( 0002170 m3/s

CorrecLed veloclLy
v C/A 0002170/001339
0141 m/s

1 CalculaLlng ressure urop Across laLe

lor 1
sL
readlng of lncreaslng alr flow Lhrough empLy column
gh
1000*981*(21232100)/100 24323 a
graph of pressure drop across plaLe vs veloclLy was ploLed and used Lo geL furLher values (graph 1)


2 CalculaLlng ressure urop Across 8ed And laLe

lor 2
nd
readlng of lncreaslng alr flow Lhrough packed bed
gh
1000*981*(2473173)/100 711223 a


21

3 CalculaLlng ressure urop Across 8ed (experlmenLal value)


bedplaLe

plaLe

711223 23 686223 a
22

ALNDIk
Samp|e Ca|cu|at|ons kesu|ts














1A8LL 6

1emperaLure Alr veloclLy
cm L/mln C LPS 8PS [ 13 C 1emp CorrecLed m/s m n/m
2
1 1230 270 2600 2630 000208 000217 014097 0003 4890
2 1300 280 2600 2630 000230 000261 016973 0003 4890
3 1873 283 2600 2630 000313 000327 021232 0003 4890
4 2188 283 2600 2630 000363 000382 024794 0003 4890
3 2300 290 2600 2630 000417 000437 028383 0003 4890
6 2730 300 2600 2630 000438 000482 031323 0003 4890
7 3123 303 2600 2630 000321 000349 033633 0003 4890
8 3300 310 2600 2630 000383 000616 039999 0003 4890
9 3730 310 2600 2630 000623 000660 042836 0003 4890
10 4123 320 2600 2630 000688 000728 047297 0003 4890
11 4300 323 2600 2630 000730 000796 031681 0003 4890
12 4730 330 2600 2630 000792 000841 034642 0003 4890
13 3123 340 2373 2673 000834 000911 039148 0010 9781
14 3300 333 2373 2673 000917 000982 063786 0010 9781
13 3873 370 2330 2700 000979 001034 068467 0013 14671
16 6230 380 2330 2700 001042 001123 073072 0013 14671
17 6623 390 2323 2723 001104 001196 077703 0020 19361
18 6873 393 2323 2723 001146 001243 080767 0020 19361
19 7230 400 2323 2723 001208 001313 083309 0020 19361
20 7730 400 2323 2723 001292 001404 091192 0020 19361
21 8123 410 2300 2730 001334 001476 093910 0023 24431
22 8300 420 2300 2730 001417 001349 100636 0023 24431
23 8623 423 2473 2773 001438 001373 102298 0030 29342
ressure urop 8oLameLer ressure urop cm
volumeLrlc llowraLe m
3
/s
Ascendlng
23

















1A8LL 7
1emperaLure Alr veloclLy
cm L/mln C LPS 8PS [ 13 C 1emp CorrecLed m/s m n/m
2
22 8300 430 2473 2773 001417 001334 100976 0030 29342
21 8123 433 2473 2773 001334 001488 096673 0030 29342
20 7730 433 2473 2773 001292 001419 092212 0030 29342
19 7230 433 2300 2730 001208 001328 086262 0023 24431
18 6873 440 2300 2730 001146 001261 081930 0023 24431
17 6623 440 2300 2730 001104 001213 078931 0023 24431
16 6230 440 2300 2730 001042 001147 074482 0023 24431
13 3873 440 2323 2723 000979 001078 070013 0020 19361
14 3300 440 2323 2723 000917 001009 063344 0020 19361
13 3123 440 2323 2723 000834 000940 061073 0020 19361
12 4730 440 2330 2700 000792 000871 036606 0013 14671
11 4300 440 2330 2700 000730 000826 033627 0013 14671
10 4123 440 2330 2700 000688 000737 049138 0013 14671
9 3730 433 2330 2700 000623 000687 044619 0013 14671
8 3300 433 2373 2673 000383 000641 041644 0010 9781
7 3123 433 2373 2673 000321 000372 037182 0010 9781
6 2730 430 2373 2673 000438 000303 032669 0010 9781
3 2300 430 2373 2673 000417 000437 029699 0010 9781
4 2188 430 2373 2673 000363 000400 023986 0010 9781
3 1873 423 2373 2673 000313 000342 022239 0010 9781
2 1300 423 2373 2673 000230 000274 017791 0010 9781
1 1230 420 2373 2673 000208 000228 014802 0010 9781
ressure urop volumeLrlc llowraLe m
3
/s
uescendlng
8oLameLer ressure urop cm
24























1A8LL 8

Alr veloclLy 8ed uepLh vol of bed 8eynolds #
m/s m 1(v
col
/v
s and
) (u)/(S)(1)
013003 02400 000369 0396 2103
014430 02400 000369 0396 2337
013893 02400 000369 0396 2370
017368 02400 000369 0396 2809
020263 02400 000369 0396 3277
021710 02400 000369 0396 3311
023137 02400 000369 0396 3743
023411 02400 000369 0396 4109
027633 02400 000369 0396 4469
029088 02400 000369 0396 4704
030392 02400 000369 0396 4947
032048 02400 000369 0396 3183
033018 02400 000369 0396 3663
036336 02400 000369 0396 3908
039439 02400 000369 0396 6381
040986 02400 000369 0396 6628
042318 02400 000369 0396 6876
044033 02400 000369 0396 7124
047067 02400 000369 0396 7611
048613 02400 000369 0396 7862
033119 02400 000369 0396 8390
036160 02400 000369 0396 9082
060690 02400 000369 0396 9814
063234 02400 000369 0396 10349
069792 02300 000383 0420 11736
074482 02330 000393 0432 12797
079200 02623 000404 0448 14008
082318 02700 000416 0463 14973
086808 02730 000423 0473 16083
092940 02800 000431 0482 17334
097437 03000 000462 0317 19696
102094 03100 000477 0332 21323
103737 03200 000493 0347 22371
Ascendlng
23




















1A8LL 9
Alr veloclLy 8ed uepLh vol of bed 8eynolds #
m/s m 1(v
col
/v
s and
) (u)/(S)(1)
102234 03000 000462 031689 2067
097743 02900 000446 030023 1910
093231 02800 000431 048238 1739
087080 02723 000419 046814 1399
082376 02673 000412 043820 1488
079373 02600 000400 044237 1394
073069 02330 000393 043164 1290
070433 02300 000383 042027 1187
063834 02430 000377 040844 1087
061364 02430 000377 040844 1013
036783 02430 000377 040844 937
033796 02430 000377 040844 888
049233 02430 000377 040844 813
047743 02430 000377 040844 788
044760 02430 000377 040844 739
043199 02430 000377 040844 713
041710 02430 000377 040844 689
040220 02430 000377 040844 664
037241 02430 000377 040844 613
033693 02430 000377 040844 389
032720 02430 000377 040844 340
031184 02430 000377 040844 313
029699 02430 000377 040844 490
028214 02430 000377 040844 466
023986 02430 000377 040844 429
023721 02430 000377 040844 392
022204 02430 000377 040844 367
020723 02430 000377 040844 342
017733 02430 000377 040844 293
016237 02430 000377 040844 268
014733 02430 000377 040844 244
013280 02430 000377 040844 219
uecendlng