Cu Trc a Ch Trong IP V6

1 . Biu din a ch IP V6 Khng gian a ch IP V6 di 128 bit

c chia thnh 8 nhm , mi nhm di 16 bit c biu din bng 2 ch s h 16 , gia cc nhm c cch nhau bi du :

V d : 2031:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B Cch biu din nh trn l di dng c th rt gn nh sau :

+ B bt cc s 0 bn tri
2031:0:130F:0:0:90C:876A:130B

+ Thay th cc nhm ton 0 lin nhau bi :: tuy

nhin ch c thay th mt ln cho ton b a ch : 2031:0:130F::90C:876A:130B

+ a ch c bit: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 = ::
Khng gn cho bt c giao din no, mt giao din s s dng ch nh rng n cha c gn mt a ch no

+ a ch loopback:

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 = ::1

Ch gn cho mt giao din duy nht trn mt node

Cch biu din lin h vi a ch IPV4 :

0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:192.168.30.1 = ::FFFF:192.168.30.1 = ::FFFF:C0A8:1E01

2 . Cc dng a ch IP V6 c bn : Unicast : mt mt

Gi tin c gi n giao din duy nht gn a ch .

 Multicast: mt-nhiu. Gi tin c gi n tt c cc giao din trong nhm. Anycast:Mt-gn nht. Gi tin c gi n giao din gn nht trong nhm (theo th tc nh tuyn) Cu trc cc loi a ch trn : - a ch Unicast : C 3 loi a ch unicast + a ch Global unicast : a ch c kh nng nh tuyn ton cu,dng cho cc node tham gia vo Internet

Cu trc :
a ch y c to thnh t prefix a ch do t chc qun l phn b kt hp vi Interface ID

Trong : 001: nh dng Prefix i vi loi a ch Global Unicast. TLA ID: (Top Level Aggregation Identification) nh danh cc nh cung cp dch v cp cao nht trong h thng cc nh cung cp dch v . RES : Cha s dng NLA ID: (Next Level Aggregation Identification) nh danh nh cung cp dch v cp tip theo (sau TLA ) SLA ID: (Site Level Aggregaton Identification) xc nh cc Site to Subnet . Interface ID: Gip xc nh cc Interface ca cc Host kt ni trong mt Site .

+ a ch link-local
Mi giao din u bt buc phi c a ch link-local, c gii hn trong phm vi mt link duy nht v c s dng khi t ng cu hnh a ch, neighbor discovery, hoc khi khng c s hin din ca router

FP (10 bit)

RESERVED (54bits)

Interface ID (64bits)

1111111010

BT BUC L 0

To thnh t a ch MAC

Trong :
10 bits u tin lun l : 1111111010 54 bits k tip u c gi tr 0 Nh vy trong Link local address 64 bits u c gi tr c nh khng thay i ( Prefix : FE80::/64) Kt thc l 64 bit Interface ID dng phn bit cc

Host trong mt Subnet

Router khng th chuyn bt k gi tin no c a ch ngun hoc ch l a ch Link-local

+ a ch site-local
Dng lin kt cc Node trong cng mt Site m khng xung t vi cc a ch Global. Cc gi tin mang loi a ch ny trong IP Header, Router s khng chuyn ra mng ngoi.
FP (10 bit) Subnet ID
(54bits)

Interface ID 64bits

1111111011

FEC0/10

Trong : 10 bits u tin lun l : 1111111011 54 bt tip theo l gi tr Subnet ID Prefix l : FEC0/10 Cui cng l 64 bit Interface ID dng phn bit cc Host trong mt Subnet Quy tc nh tuyn i vi dng a ch Site-local : Router khng th chuyn cc gi tin c a ch ngun
hoc ch l a ch Site-local Unicast ra ngoi mng

Cc a ch Site-local khng th c nh tuyn trn Internet. Phm vi ca chng ch trong mt Site, ch dng trao i d liu gia cc Host trong Site .

- a ch Anycast :

Anycast l a ch c bit c th gn cho nhiu interface , gi tin c chuyn n a ch anycast s c vn chuyn bi h thng routing n interface gn nht
Cc node c gn a ch anycast cn phi c cu hnh c th hiu l a ch anycast. Mt a ch Anycast khng c php gn cho mt Host IPv6, do vy n ch c gn cho Router IPv6.

- a ch Multicast :
a Multicast cng dng nhn dng mt tp hp cc Node. Nhng khc vi a ch Anycast , mt gi tin khi chuyn n a ch Multicast s c chuyn n tt c cc Node mang a ch Multicast ny Cu trc :
FP(8bits)
11111111

Flag(4bits) 000T

Scope(4bits)

D tr (80 bits)
Tt c l bit 0

Group ID(32bits) Qun tr ni b

Lcl/Sit/Gbl

a ch Multicast lun bt u bi mt Prefix 8 bit 1111 1111 Flag c cu trc nh sau : 3 bits u t tri sang phi c xc lp gi tr 0 Bit T = 0 ch a ch Multicast Well-known, a ch ny c phn b bi Global Internet Numbering Authority Bit T = 1 ch a ch Multicast transient. a ch ny khng c phn b c nh Scope ( Phm vi): Ch nh phm vi nhm multicast C cc gi tr nh sau: 1 Node 2 Link 5 Site 8 Organisation E Global Cc gi tr khc hin nay cha gn

V d mt s gi tr multicast address :
Mi Node IPv6: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (phm vi node) FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (phm vi link) Mi IPV6 router: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 (Phm vi node) FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 (Phm vi link) FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 (Phm vi site)

INTERFACE ID 64 bit dnh danh giao din. Phi l s duy nht trong mt subnet. ID c chiu di 64 bit v c theo dng thc EUI-64. ID s c phm vi ton cu nu c to ra t s nh danh ton cu nh 48-bit MAC hay IEEE EUI-64.

ID c th ch c phm vi vng.

64 bit thp ca a ch IPV6 gn cho giao din c th theo nhng cch sau y : Nhn 64 bit EUI-64, hoc cu thnh t 48 bit a ch MAC (a ch Ethernet). Gn bi DHCP Cu hnh bng tay

Cu hnh interface ID t a ch MAC :

Ethernet MAC (48 bit) 00

00 90

90 27

27

17

FC 17

0F FC 0F

FF
00 90 27 FF

FE
FE 17 FC 0F

0000 00X0

t bit X l 1 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F

Eui-64 Interface ID (64 bit)

00

90

.
To thnh a ch IPV6: Prefix + Interface ID

a ch link-local: Prefix FE80/10 + 54 bit 0 + interface ID

a ch Global Unicast Addresses : Prefix (host nhn thng tin t router) + interface ID
ID xy dng t MAC -> vnh vin, duy nht ton cu, s dng cho my ch
ID gn ngu nhin tm thi, duy nht ton cu, c th s dng cho client ng dng v d Web browser

V d :
Ethernet0

interface Ethernet0 ipv6 address 2001:410:213:1::/64 eui-64

MAC address: 0060.3e47.1530

router# show ipv6 interface Ethernet0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::260:3EFF:FE47:1530 Global unicast address(es): 2001:410:213:1:260:3EFF:FE47:1530, subnet is 2001:410:213:1::/64 .