Aug 17, 2011

Experiment- 1(i)
Aim:- To study and simulate Amplitude Modulation (AM). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Com 6.0 Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 1(a) Amplitude Modulation

Theory:- Amplitude modulation is a process of translating information signal from

low band frequency to high band frequency. Information signal is usually of low frequency, so it cannot be transmitted for long distances. It thus needs a carrier signal of higher frequency for long distance destination. Figure 1 shows a basic block diagram of a modulator. The inputs are carrier and information (modulating) signals while the output is called modulated signal. In amplitude modulated (AM) signal, amplitude of the carrier signal varies with the information signal. The equation representing Amplitude Modulation is: Fsignal(t) = A(t)sin(t)
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Aug 17, 2011

Waveforms:-

Fig. 1(b) Modulating Signal

Fig. 1(c)

Modulated wave

Result:- Amplitude Modulation has been studied and simulated.

Aug 17, 2011

Experiment-1(ii)
Aim:- To study and simulate Amplitude Modulation(AM). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Comm 6.0 Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 1(d) Amplitude Modulation 3

Aug 17, 2011

Waveforms:-

Fig. 1(e) Information Signal

Fig. 1(f) Carrier Signal

Fig. 1(g) Modulated Signal

Result:- Amplitude Modulation has been studied and simulated.

Aug 17, 2011

Experiment-2
Aim:- To study and simulate Frequency Modulation (FM). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Comm 6.0 Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 2(a) Frequency Modulation

Theory:- Frequency modulation is a technique of modulating the frequency of the

carrier signal in accordance with the frequency of the modulating or the information signal. As the information signal has a very low frequency, therefore it cannot be transmitted over long distances. To increase the efficiency of the modulating signal it is fed upon a carrier signal which has a very high frequency. Now, this frequency

of carrier signal is changed in accordance with the information signal. Frequency Modulation can be mathematically represented as

Waveforms:-

Fig. 2(c) Information Signal

Fig. 2(d) Output modulated signal

Result:- Frequency Modulation has been studied and simulated.

Aug 24, 2011

Experiment-3
Aim:- To study and simulate Phase modulation(PM). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Comm 6.0 Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 3(a) Pulse Modulation Circuit Block Diagram

Theory:- Phase modulation (PM) is a method of impressing data onto a

waveform by varying the instantaneous phase of the wave. This scheme can be used with analog or digital data. In analog PM, the phase of the signal wave, also called the carrier, varies in a continuous manner. Thus, there are infinitely many possible carrier phase states. When the instantaneous data

Aug 17, 2011

input waveform has positive polarity, the carrier phase shifts in one direction; when the instantaneous data input waveform has negative polarity, the carrier phase shifts in the opposite direction. Phase Modulation can be mathematically represented as:

Waveforms:-

Fig. 3(b) Modulating Signal

Fig. 3(c) PM modulated wave

Result:- Phase Modulation(PM) has been studied and simulated.

Aug 17, 2011

Experiment-4
Aim:- To study and simulate Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Comm 6.0 Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 4(a) Amplitude Shift Keying

Theory:- Amplitude shift keying - ASK - in the context of digital

communications is a modulation process which imparts to a sinusoid two or more discrete amplitude levels. These are related to the number of levels adopted by the digital message. For a binary message sequence there are two levels, one of which is typically zero. Thus the modulated waveform consists of bursts of a sinusoid. There are sharp discontinuities shown at the

Aug 17, 2011

transition instants. These result in the signal having an unnecessarily wide bandwidth. Amplitude Shift Keying can be mathematically represented as:
s(t) = 2P cos 2 fct, 0 < t < T

Waveforms:-

Fig. 4(b) Sine Wave I/p

Fig. 4(c) PN Sequence

Fig. 4(d) ASK modulated wave

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ASK Demodulation Circuit Plot:-

Fig. 4(e) ASK demodulation

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Waveforms:-

Fig. 4(f) Sine wave

Fig. 4(g) ASK output

Fig. 4(h) ASK demodulator output

Result:- ASK demodulation has been studied and simulated.

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EXPERIMENT -5
Aim: To design FSK Modulator and Demodulator Simulator Used: VisSim Comm 6.0 Circuit Plot:

Fig. 6(a) FSK Modulation block diagram

Theory:- Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency
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changes of a carrier wave. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK). BFSK uses a pair of discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information. With this scheme, the "1" is called the mark frequency and the "0" is called the space frequency.

Waveform:

Fig. 6(b) FSK modulation

Result:- Frequency Shift keying(FSK) has been studied and simulated.

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Aug 17, 2011

Experiment-6
Aim:- To study and simulate Phase Shift Keying(PSK). Simulator Used:- Vis Sim Comm 6.0 Circuit Layout:-

Fig. 6(a) PSK Modulation

Theory:- In Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation technique, the modulated output
switches between in-phase and out-of phase component of the carrier for every one to zero transitions of modulating signal. The carrier frequency chosen for PSK modulation are 1MHZ (0 Degree) and 1 MHZ (180 Degree).The phase detector works ion the principle of squaring loops. First step in PSK detection is the square wave conversion using a Schmitt trigger. This enables the PSK detector to be built around digital ICs. BPSK (also sometimes called PRK, Phase Reversal Keying, or

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2PSK) is the simplest form of phase shift keying (PSK). It uses two phases which are separated by 180 and so can also be termed 2-PSK.

Waveforms:-

Fig. 6(b) Sine wave

Fig. 6(c) PN sequence

Aug 17, 2011

Fig. 6(d) PSK modulated wave from Mutiplier

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Fig. 6(f) PSK demodulated wave from Integrator and dump ckt.

Result:- Phase Shift Keying has been studied and simulated.

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Aug 17, 2011

EXPERIMENT NO. 7
Aim: To study and stimulate Pulse Position Modulation. Software used: VisSim comm. Circuit Plot:

Aug 17, 2011

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Input Waveform:

Output waveform :

Result: The Pulse Position Modulation has been simulated and verified.

Aug 17, 2011

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