c T Yu Cu Phn Mm

Cng Ngh Phn Mm Nng Cao

Outline
Mc tiu v yu cu Phn tch yu cu Cc phng php c t
c t phi hnh thc c h h h t hnh thc Cc cng c

Chun ti liu c t

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

Mc tiu v Yu cu ca PM
Mc tiu: ci cn hng ti g Yu cu: ci c th m c th kim tra c Yu cu chc nng
m t mt chc nng ( v) c th m g (dch ) phn mm cn cung cp

Yu cu phi chc nng p g

Cc rng buc v cht lng, v mi trng, chun s dng, qui trnh pht trin phn mm
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 3

Mc tiu v Yu cu ca PM (cont ) (cont.)

Yu cu v sn phm
Tc , tin cy, b nh, giao din, qui trnh tc nghip, g p,

Yu cu v tin trnh pht trin

cc chun phng php thit k, ngn ng chun, k lp trnh...

Yu cu ngoi lai
V chi ph, v thi gian, v bn quyn,
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 4

Tin trnh phn tch yu cu

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

Tho lun
C nhng phng php thu thp yu cu no? Nhng kh khn ca thu thp v phn tch yu cu?

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

c t yu cu phn mm
c t cc yu cu phn mm l cng vic xy y p g y dng cc ti liu c t, trong c th s dng ti cc cng c nh:
m h h h m h h t h h h th ( f hnh ha, hnh ton hc hnh thc (a formal l mathematical model) tp hp cc kch bn s dng, cc nguyn mu hoc bt k mt t h cc cng c ni t t hp i trn

Cht lng ca h s c t nh gi qua cc tiu thc

Tnh r rng, chnh xc Tnh ph hp Tnh y hon thin ,
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 7

c t yu cu phn mm (cont ) (cont.)

Cc thnh phn ca h s c t c t phi hnh thc (Informal specifications)
c vit bng ngn ng t nhin

c h h thc (Formal specifications) t hnh th (F l ifi ti )

c vit bng tp cc k php c cc quy nh v ( y ) g (sematic) rt cht ch ) c php (syntax) v ngha (

c t vn hnh chc nng (Operational specifications)

m t cc hot ng ca h thng phn mm s xy dng

c t m t (Descriptive specifications) ( p p )
c t cc c tnh c trng ca phn mm
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 8

c t yu cu phn mm (cont ) (cont.)

c t chc nng ( p g (Operational Specifications): p ) thng thng khi c t cc chc nng ca phn mm ngi ta s dng cc cng c tiu biu sau:
Biu phn r chc nng (Functional Decomposition Diagram FDD) Biu lung d liu (Data Flow Diagrams-DFD) My trng thi hu hn ( y g (Finite State Machines
Automata, LTS, Kripke structures,

Mng Petri (Petri nets)

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 9

c t yu cu phn mm (cont ) (cont.) c t m t (Descriptive Specifications)

Biu Bi thc th lin kt (Entityth li (E tit Relationship Diagrams - ERD) c t Logic (Logic Specifications) c t i s (Algebraic Specifications) ( g p )

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Functional Decomposition Diagram - FDD

Xc nh p vi ca h thng phm g Phn hoch chc nng To nn tng cho thit k kin trc h thng

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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FDD: V d

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Data Flow Diagrams - DFD

H thng (System): tp hp cc d liu (data) c x l bng cc chc nng tng ng (functions) Cc k php s dng:
Th hin cc chc nng (functions) Th hin lung d liu Kho d liu Vo ra d liu v tng tc gia h thng v ngi s dng

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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DFD ca HT bn v
Biu ng cnh
H thng m t bng mt tin trnh Khng c kho d liu Lit k cc tc nhn ngoi t v
khch hng h thng bn v

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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DFD mc 1
khch hng g
Nhp Nh thng tin

bng gi tu
Kim tra ta gi tu

t ch

Pht hnh v

khch hng

ch t
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

bng gi v

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Entity Relationship Entity-Relationship Diagrams - ERD

M hnh khi nim cho p p c t cc y cu php yu logic ca h thng, thng c s dng trong cc h thng d liu ln ER Model
Thc th Quan h Thuc tnh

Biu Bi thc th th
Bookstore
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

Orders

Books
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V d ERD m t th vin

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Tho lun
Cc cng c thng dng hin nay c t yu cu?

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Formal Methods
hnh v + biu thc c b t bng cng th ton hc thc t h c t bng s c t bng ngn ng c t u im: tnh chnh xc (duy nht) ca nh ngha ( t) h (c Nhc im: kh hiu, mt t. gian, kh c t yu cu phi chc nng hi h " khng ai bit chc chn phi lm g khi cha c c t"
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 19

V d c t bng ton hc
<unsigned number> ::= <unsigned integer> | <unsigned real> <unsigned integer> ::= <digit> {<digit>} <unsigned real> ::= <unsigned integer> . <digit> {<digit>} | <unsigned integer> . <digit> {<digit>} E <scale factor> | <unsigned integer> E <scale factor> <scale factor> ::= <unsigned integer> | <sign> <unsigned integer> <sign> ::= + | Pascal number syntax
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 20

V d c t bng s
unsigned integer digit unsigned number unsigned integer . digit E + unsigned integer

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Finite State Machines (FSM)

M = Q, , , q0

Q : Finite set of states, : Set of actions, q0 : Initial state Q x x Q : A deterministic transition relation

A run/trace of M is an action sequence a1a2 ... an s.t. there exists a q ( ,( state sequence s0s1 ...sn (s0 = q0) for 0 i < n, (si, ai+1, si+1) L(M): Language of M

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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c t cc yu cu phn mm bng FSM Xem xt v d v th vin vi cc giao dch nh sau:

Mn sch / Tr sch Thm u sch / Loi b u sch Lit k danh sch cc u sch theo tn tc gi hay theo ch Tm kim sch theo cc yu cu ca ngi mn Tm kim sch qu hn tr, . . .
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 23

c t cc yu cu phn mm bng FSM (cont ) (cont.) Cc yu cu c bit ca th vin: c gi khng c mn qu mt s lng sch nht nh, trong mt thi nh gian nht nh Mt s sch khng c mn v Mt s ngi khng c mn mt s loi h l i sch no , . . .

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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c t cc yu cu phn mm bng FSM (cont ) (cont.)

Cc i tng Tn h T sch M quyn Nhn vin phc v Ngi mn Chng ta cn c tp hp (danh sch) cc tiu sch, d h sch cc t gi cho t quyn sch, h danh h tc i h tng h danh sch cc ch lin quan ca cc quyn sch Ta c tp hp cc sch (mi u sch c th c nhiu quyn sch trong th vin). Mi quyn sch c th c 1 trong 5 trng thi sau: (AV) - Available c php mn, (CO) - (BR) - mn (Check Out; Borrow), (L): Last, (R): Remove
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 25

FSM c t cc trng thi

CO

AV

BR

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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Ti liu yu cu
Ch m t v chc nng, rng buc Khng m t v phng php ci t Phi d thay i ( cu trc) y (c ) kh xc nh c y chnh xc ngay p phi q nhiu bc xt duyt li qua y Ti liu cn c:
Tnh r rng, chnh xc Tnh ph hp Tnh y , hon thin

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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nh dng ca ti liu yu cu
Software Requirement Specification - SRS Chun IEEE 830-1984
1. 1 2. 3. 3 4.

Gii thiu M t chung Yu cu chi tit Ph lc (nu c)

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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1. 1 Gii thiu
1.1 Mc ch 1.2 Phm vi 1.3 1 3 nh ngha (nh ngha t vit tt) ngha, 1.4 Ti liu tham kho 1.5 M t cu trc ti liu

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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2. 2 M t chung
2.1 Tng quan v sn phm 2.2 Chc nng sn phm 2.3 2 3 i tng ngi dng 2.4 Rng buc tng th 2.5 Gi thit v s l thuc

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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3. 3 Yu cu chi tit
3.1 Yu cu chc nng 3.1.1 Yu h 3 1 1 Y cu chc nng 1 3.1.1.1 Gii thiu 3.1.1.2 D liu vo 3.1.1.3 X l 3.1.1.4. Kt qu 3.1.2 Yu cu chc nng 2 3.1.n Yu cu chc nng n
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 31

3. 3 Yu cu chi tit (cont.) (cont )

3.2 Yu cu giao din ngoi 3.2.1 3 2 1 Giao din ngi dng 3.2.2 Giao din phn cng 3.2.3 Giao din phn mm p 3.2.4 Giao din truyn thng 3.3 Yu cu hiu sut 3.4 Rng buc thit k 3.5 Thuc tnh 3.5.1 Tnh bo t 3 5 1 T h b mt 3.5.2 Tnh bo tr 3.6 3 6 Cc yu cu khc
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 32

Tng kt
Mc tiu v yu cu Phn tch yu cu Cc phng php c t
c t phi hnh thc c h h h t hnh thc Cc cng c

Chun ti liu c t
IEEE 830-1984
Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009 33

Thng bo
Cc nhm tin hnh phn tch v c t yu cu
Tin hnh tho lun vi nhm xut thng nht cc yu cu (ch cc yu cu phi chc nng) c t yu cu theo chun IEEE 830-1984 Np ti liu trc 17h ngy 15/01/2010 p g y

Pham Ngoc Hung, Coltech, VNU, 2009

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