8|oact|ve Coat|ng for Crthopaed|c and Denta|

Imp|ants ( Non techn|ca| Note)

What is HAp S why HAp coating
MAIN INORGANIC MINERAL
OF NATURAL BONE
Hydroxyapatite
Ca
10
(PO4 )
6
(OH)
2
(HAp)
NON-TOXIC
BIOCOMPATIBLE
expedites the kinetics of osseo
-integration (bonding to damaged
bone)
shieIds the orthopedic impIant from
environmentaI attack
stops the fibrous tissue in growth
that Ioosens the impIant from the
damaged tissue site
INTEGRATED
TO BONE

1here ls a well recognlzed need ln orLhopaedlc and denLal appllcaLlons of
cemenL less flxaLlon of meLalllc lmplanLs whlch promoLes bone bondlng wlLh
surroundlng Llssues and enables proper load Lransfer Lo prevenL sLress shleldlng

lew speclal meLals and alloys (1lLanlum and 1l6Al4v alloy surglcal grades of
sLalnless sLeel and cobalL chromlum alloy) have been esLabllshed for fabrlcaLlon of
arLlflclal lmplanLs (prosLheses) lncludlng orLhopaedlc and denLal devlces because
of Lhelr favorable mechanlcal and blologlcal properLles 1he blologlcal lnacLlvlLy of
meLal surfaces however renders lL lmposslble Lo achleve cemenL free flxaLlon
slnce bone Llssue wlll noL bond or grow Lhereon 1he maln drawback of uslng
meLalllc lmplanLs ls LhaL Lhey are blolnerL and when lmplanLed become
encapusulaLed by dense flbrous Llssues lnslde Lhe body 1hls prevenLs proper load
Lransfer leadlng Lo non unlform sLress dlsLrlbuLlon aL Lhe bone lmplanL lnLerface
whlch may resulL ln an lnLer faclal fallure leadlng Lo loosenlng of Lhe lmplanL wlLh
Lhe posslble consequence of fracLure ln Lhe ad[acenL bone 1he prlmary sLablllLy
of Lhese lmplanLs requlres exLenslve use of dlfferenL bone cemenLs 1he use of
polymeLhylmeLhacrylaLe or oLher polymer based bone cemenLs Lo lmprove
lmplanL flxaLlon can resulL ln Lhe deLerloraLlon of Lhe ad[acenL cell or Llssues due
Lo necrosls because of excess heaL generaLlon durlng seLLlng of cemenL

1o solve Lhls problem and Lo lmprove Lhe performance of meLalllc lmplanLs
meLalllc lmplanLs are belng coaLed wlLh a bloacLlve maLerlal A bloacLlve coaLlng
wlLh good adheslon Lo Lhe meLal bond lnLerfaclally Lo Lhe surroundlng bone
whlch ln Lurn acceleraLe Lhe sLablllzaLlon of Lhe lmplanL and exLend lLs llfe
expecLancy Lspeclally preferred bloacLlve maLerlals are however Lhe ones havlng
a chemlcal composlLlon and crysLal sLrucLure slmllar Lo Lhose of Lhe mlneral
consLlLuenLs of bone Llssues

1he human bone and LeeLh are mlnerallzed Llssues A Lyplcal weL corLlcal bone ls
composed of 22wL organlc maLrlx 69wL mlneral and 9wL waLer 1he ma[or
subphase of Lhe mlneral conslsLs of submlcroscoplc crysLals of an apapLlLe of
calclum and phosphaLe whose crysLal sLrucLure ls very slmllar Lo calclum
hydroxyapaLlLe 1hese crysLals are slender needles 20 40 nm long and 13 7
nm ln dlameLer 1he mlneral phase ls made of a conLlnuous cellular sLrucLure
whlch glves good mechanlcal sLrengLh

SynLheLlc calclum hydroxyapaLlLe (PA) ls sLrucLurally very slmllar Lo Lhe lnorganlc
componenL of human bone and lL ls proven Lo be bloacLlve ConsequenLly PA
coaLlngs on meLalllc lmplanLs by a number of coaLlng Lechnlques among whlch
plasma spray coaLlng ls Lhe mosL preferred Lechnlque