4G Wireless

Networks
SHAMLI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
EIectronics & Communication Engineering Department
Fourth Semester
Session- 2010-11
Prepared by :-
Vaishali Vaishali
Anshul Anshul Garg Garg
Dinesh Dinesh
utline
ntroduction
What is 4G?
What's New in 4G?
3G vs. 4G
4G Network Features
How 4G works
Challenges
Summary
What is 4G?
A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.
Called "3G and Beyond".
Enables seamless roaming between technologies.
Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.
NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at
100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.
What's New in 4G?
Entirely packet-switched networks.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia
services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).
Tight network security.
Features of 4G Networks
4G networks are all-P
(nternet Protocol) based
heterogeneous networks
This will allow users to:
Select any system at
any time and any
where
Use Multiple systems
at the same time (e.g.
GPS and WLANs and
CDMA)
A wide range of
applications using only
one 4G integrated terminal
Features of 4G Networks (cont.)
Support interactive multimedia services:
teleconferencing, wireless nternet, etc.
Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.
Global mobility and service portability.
Low cost.
Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).
G (incIuding 2.5G) 4G
Major Requirement Driving
Architecture
Predominantly voice driven -
data was always add on
Converged data and voice over P
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - ntegration of Wireless LAN
(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (1800-2400 MHz)
Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
Access TechnoIogies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge FDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier
CDMA)
Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme
Component Design ptimized antenna design,
multi-band adapters
multi-band adapters Smarter
Antennas, software multiband and
wideband radios
IP A number of air link protocols,
including P 5.0
All P (P6.0)
3G vs. 4G
How 4G works (working principle)
The P address is based on Pv6.
Pv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)
example: 216.37.129.9
Pv6: 4 Pv4 (J28 bits)
example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home
address
care-of
address
mobiIe IP
address
IocaI network
address
Pv4 vs. Pv6
!; !;
Structure 32 bits 128 bits
Security Poor security Enhance security
Function Addressing
1. Multi-Iun. and mobile Iun. are built-in
2. Plug & Play (Auto-ConIiguration)
HAPS
Services
Content
GSM
UMTS
WLAN
BIuetooth
SateIIite
WireIine or WireIess
Networks
(Internet)
Very wide
area
Wide area MetropoIitan area LocaI area
PersonaI
area
Direct Sequence
Frequency
Hopping
WCDMA
TD-CDMA
TDMA
FDD
OFDM
TDD
OFDM Unspecified
ADSL
The 4G mobiIe network(s)
Home Add.
MobiIe IP Add.
Care-of Add.
Care-of Add.
4G Systems Challenges
To migrate current systems to 4G with the features
mentioned previously, researchers are facing a number
of challenges
These challenges are grouped into the following
different aspects:
Accessing Different Networks:
Multimode Devices
verlay Network
Terminal Mobility
Location Management
Handoff Management
ne of the most challenging problems facing
deployment of 4G technology is how to access
several and different mobile and wireless
networks
There are two possible architectures
Multimode Devices
verlay Network
4G Wireless Networks Challenges
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
A single physical terminal with
multiple interfaces to access the
different wireless networks
Advantages:
mprove call completion
Expand coverage area
Reliable coverage in case of
network, link or switch failure
Disadvantages:
Complexity in the hardware of
the device
Handoff Mechanism:
Performed by the user, device or
network
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
1. Multimode Devices Architecture
To reduce the complexity of the hardware in the device the most promising
technology is to adapt the software radio approach
PF
LNA
ADC
reprogrammable
aseband
DSP
User
Analogue
Digital
An ideal software radio system
Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)
Analog/digital converter
bandpass filter
Low noise amplifier
High number of antennas: Still t is
impossible to have just one antenna and one
LNA to cover the bands of all 4G wireless
networks
The low speed of ADCs. the speed of the
fastest current ADC is still two to three times
slower than required
Challenges in software radio technology
Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)
A user accesses an overlay network
consisting of several UAPs
UAPs Functions:
Select a wireless network based
on availability and user choices
Store Ps of user, network and
devices
Advantages:
Simplify hardware of device
Supports single billing
Disadvantages:
More network devices
Handoff Mechanism between UAPs:
Performed by overlay network rather
than the user or device
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
2. verlay Network Architecture
4G Wireless Networks Challenges
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
n order to provide wireless services at any time
and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G
infrastructure
Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roam
across geographical boundaries of the wireless
networks
There are two main issues in terminal mobility:
location management
handoff management
The system tracks and locates a mobile
terminal for possible connection
Location management involves handing all
the information about
Roaming terminals such as original and current
location cells
Authentication information
QoS capabilities
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
1. Location Management
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
2. Handoff Management
Maintain ongoing communication when the terminal roams
P changes during handoff :
216.37.129.9,
home address care-of address mobile P address
local network address
79.23.178.229,
Pv6 within the same cell:
65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
2. Handoff Management
216.37.129.9,
home address care-of address mobile P address
local network address
79.23.178.229,
Pv6 when the terminal roams to another cell:
65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120
Horizontal handoff is
performed when the terminal
moves from one cell to another
within the same wireless
system.
Vertical handoff is performed
when the terminal moves
between two different wireless
systems (e.g., from WLAN to
GSM) .
Handoff Management (cont.)
Handoff Management Challenges
Vertical & Horizontal handoff will increase
System load (increasing control packets)
Packet losses
Handover latency
Hard correct handoff time: because measuring
handoffs is done among different wireless
systems
Challenges in Handoff Management
Summary
The key concept behind 4G systems is
integrating their capacities with all of the existing
mobile technologies through advanced
technologies
The P address system used in 4G is based on
the new technology Pv6.
4G networks is still in the development stage,
and in order to utilize their new features too
many challenges must be overcome