5th International Symposium on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

INTERACTION EFFECT OF TRAFFIC LOADS AND BRIDGE DETAILS SUSCEPTIBLE TO FATIGUE

Centre of Public Works, The Netherlands
Han.Leendertz@rws.nl, Ane.de.Boer@rws.nl

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Fatigue interaction effects

Contents
1. Introduction 2. Principles Fatigue resistance Load effects Fatigue life calculations 3. Traffic loads Axle loads Lorry loads 4. Example 5. Conclusion
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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

2.1 Fatigue resistance

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Stress quotient

S-N line (steel)

Constant amplitude limit

Cut-off limit
0,1

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

1,00E+07

1,00E+08

N (cycles to failure)

ni Di = Ni

D = ( D1 + D2 + D3 + .......Dn )

1,00E+09

Fatigue Classification

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

2.2 Load effects

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

2.3 Fatigue life calculations

Equivalent nr of cycles for 150 kN axles
neq ,a ,150 1 + n2 2 + n3 3 + n4 4 + ........ = n1 a ,150 a ,150 a ,150 a ,150
3 5 5 5 5 14 13 12 11 + ....etc. + n14 + n13 + n12 n11 D D D D 3 3 3 3

D + a ,150

Equivalent nr. neq of cycles for C, Cumulative damage of axles Da, Number of axles to failure Na

neq ,C

a ,150 = neq ,a ,150 C

Da =

neq ,C 2x106

2 x10 Na = neq ,C

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

3 Traffic loads

Exceedance probability axle loads Measurements at Moerdijk Bridge 1998, 2004 and filtered measurements 2004
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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

3 Traffic loads ctd.

Exceedance probability Lorry loads Measurements at Moerdijk Bridge 1998, 2004 and filtered measurements 2004
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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

3.1 Axle loads

Axle load (kN) 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 90 80 70 50 30 10 Weighted average EN 1991-2 FLM4 P/150 Fraction Moerdijk 1998 P/150 Fraction 1.400 0 1.267 1.133 1 0.933 0.867 0.800 0.600 0.533 0.467 0.121 0.036 0.072 0.024 0.458 0.048 0.241 1 0.867 0.067 0.600 0.467 0.333 0.200 0.067 73 kN 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.016 0.067 0.136 0.339 0.379 0.272 0.059 1.25 x Moerdijk 1998 P/150 Fraction 1.75 0 1.584 1.416 1.25 1.083 0.917 0.750 0.583 0.417 0.250 0.083 91 kN 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.016 0.067 0.136 0.339 0.379 0.272 0.059

97 kN

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Fatigue life (nr. of axles)

5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Relation between fatigue life for Moerdijk 1998 and 1.25 Moerdijk 1998 (axles)

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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Lorry loads and distributions

Silhouette FLM4 Fraction Equivalent load (kN) 0.20 200 0.05 310 390 450 Moerdijk P/490 Fraction Maximum load (kN) 0.41 0.17 190 0.63 0.03 265 0.06 370 0.80 0.08 390 0.05 465 0.92 0.03 470 0.03 535 0.03 290 0.12 370 1 0.35 460 0 365 0.01 445 0.04 535 386 kN Effective load (kN) 145 202 282 297 354 356 408 221 282 350 277 339 408 294 kN P/490 0.30 0.41 0.58 0.61 0.72 0.73 0.83 0.45 0.58 0.71 0.57 0.69 0.83

-- -- -- 0.15 ----- ----- ----- 0.10 ----- ---- ---- 0.50 ---- ---- ---- ---- Weighted average

490

447 kN

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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Numbers of lorries until failure

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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Relation between fatigue life of Moerdijk 1998 and 1.25 Moerdijk 1998 (lorries)

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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

3.3 Conclusions traffic load increase

Locations with low stresses show a long fatigue life but are relatively highly susceptible to increase of traffic loads 1.25 x axle/lorry load fatigue life reduction to 0.02

Locations with higher stresses show a short fatigue life but are relatively less susceptible to increase of traffic loads 1.25 x axle load 1.25 x lorry load fatigue life reduction to 0.5 fatigue life reduction to 0.8

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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

4 Example

Stress interval bottom flange = 60N/mm2 Detail class parent material 140 N/mm2 SQ = 0.3 (max veh. Load SQ 0.8): No fatigue 1.25 x SQ = 0.54: 8.7 x 108 Lorries Detail class attachment 75 N/mm2 SQ = 0.6: 1.25 x 108 Lorries or 100 years Moerdijk 1998 traffic 1.25 x SQ = 0.75: 3.6 x 107 Lorries or 29 years Moerdijk 1998 x 1.25 traffic
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5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion HVParis 2008, May 19-22 2008

Fatigue interaction effects

5 Conclusion A moderate increase of loads can cause a severe reduction of the fatigue life 6 References
EN 1991-2, EC 1: Actions on structures Part 2 Traffic loads on bridges EN 1991-1-9, EC 3: Design of steel structures Part 1.9 Fatigue MoT NL, Final report axle load measurements Moerdijk 1998, IBR-98-47 TNO report General probabilistic considerations for reliability and modelling of traffic loads for road bridges, 98-CON-R1813
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