DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K. Janakamma
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : ECE
Institute : GPT, Ananthapur
Year/Semester : 1 st - year
Subject : Electronic components and devices
Subject Code : EC-105
Topic : Semiconductor Diode
Duration : 50 mts
Sub Topic : Formation of p-type semiconductor
Teaching Aids : ppts, animations.
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OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able

to understand

P – type semiconductor.

Energy band diagram in p – type.

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P – TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR

• When we add trivalent impurities to pure

semiconductor we get P-type.

Pure
P-type
Ga Si
si
Fig 1.
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P – TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR

Si Si Si • Gallium atoms have three

HOLE
valance electrons.

Si Ga Si
• It makes covalent band with
ELECTRON adjacent three silicon atoms.

Si Si Si
Fig 2.

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P – TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR

• There is a deficiency of one

Si Si covalent band and create a HOLE.
Si
HOLE

• Trivalent atoms accept electron.

Si Ga Si

ELECTRON
• They are called ACCEPTORS.
Si Si Si

Fig 3.
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P-type Semiconductor

• In addition to this some of

Si Si Si the covalent bonds break due
to temperature and electron
HOLE hole pairs generates.
Si Ga Si
• Holes are majority carriers
ELECTRON and electrons are minority
carriers.
Si Si Si
Fig 4.

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P-type semiconductor energy band
diagram
Energy in ev

Fig 5.
Fermi level lies near valence band
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SUMMARY

We have discussed

● P-type semiconductor.

● Energy band in p-type semiconductor.

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QUIZ

• Following material is add to get p-type

a) Trivalent.
b) Pentavalent.

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QUIZ

2. The majority carriers in p- type semiconductor are

e) Holes.
f) Electrons.

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Frequently Asked Questions

• Explain formation of p-type its energy band diagram.

• Compare n-type and p-type semiconductor.

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