40 r 6 f 1976

519.48
. .

9-
,
,
, , ,
,
,
.
. , ,
,
f : N-+N N
'
2?(f). / & {])
, , ( )
.
, .
1.
, - 0 (. (1),
. 107108). - (. .
, . , . 109)
, 0. {a,-|fe/}
- , <a*|fe/>
,
. {6i|fe/}
(6i\i(=I) - ,
,, . . ,
[J6Z- (. (2), . 6869).
: -> -
( ), . .
={(, )<=\)=)}. , ( ) ^
^/ . 0 , (9) = {(*, /) | (, )^0}
9 -
(). ()
, .

(., , (2), . 6069). , -

1204

. .

.
U -,
- U <0> .
0 ... = 0 ^.
- -
U, -
U, .
N
, . . N={i\i , i ^ l } . , -
, A=(ai\i^N}

{. ,
, . -
- % (. .
U\)
X={Xt\i(=N}

(x{ = Xj$$i = j)

(1)

. 31 , -
% () = { 10 /9 31}.

(2)

, #()
9 , /9^91. , -
^^( - X
, .
-. -
2-, ^. - R -, ( R -. , , -,
2- -, . .
- R, '
.
1.
3 R i S 3 R a c . . . ^^9R n + 1 : . . .

(n<=N)

(3)

, 2Jt=(J27li.
i<=N

^Si- R} -
Q- R.
/ : N-*~N
(. . N ) 9/ - (
- 91/:
fy = (%o <xt | 1 < i < n) \ n e= N),

= W/9f.

(4)

1205

, , %()
Q- , 2 (. (2) (3)).
Q- 9(/ .
1. f : N-+N Q- %
-.
, vf :9t->9t/=9l/0/ .
91/ ,
, n<=N9 ife<X;V/| l < t ^ / i > = 9 f n . v :5ln->-5(n
Q- 9tn=<*,-| l ^ i ^ n ) Q- 9tn,
vf. , (4),
G/ V/
= 6/ ( X ) 2 ) ()

(5)

, //()()5/(), 2/().
, (5), 9tn^9tn/%v /()
Q- 8//() (). 1 1 / ( ) Q-
9tn. , 91/
9-. , 91/ 2-.
2. : 9t-W?
Q- 91 - R. n^N
*() =min{meA/ r |<* i (p| 1^^> } ^ / *: N-+N 0*^%.
- R
Q- %h h : N-+N.
, 0*^,

*. n^N. , , =<*()
<*| l^i^n}^%Rm.
, %(), 9tn-^9tn Q- 9tn=<X;| 1 ^
=0'^>, , : (9191)3
( ). , <*()<*<| 1 ^ ^ > n<=N.
, (4), 0*.
3. f : N-^N ,
k : N-+N , a fk : N-^N
, . . fk(n)=f(k(n))
n<=N. ij)(0/)^0 /fe
| : 9(->9t Q- 91
Q- 9tM Q- %.
. , 91 ,
Q- : -+

(%())-%( ()).

(6)

, ()(%()) Q-
/%() ()/(())1. , ,
(%())^%(()). , , ,

1206

. .

/9~()/(())= 9! 9 ,
(0) = (()). 9 ^ % () %(())== (9)
^)).
, ,
Y]v /2 N | () < k (Q <>h < /2.
(7)
(7) , i i^k(N), i=k(j)
j^N. , < i^N
(*/, i=k(j)
[0 ,

j^N,

: A-*-3t.
91 - ()^,
:91->-$1 Q- 31 . ,
.
GJV. k(N)f){i\l^.i^n}=0,
,
(6) (8), :
(% <*, 11 < t < = /() (0> = 0 0 9//.
k(N)r}{i\l^i^n}=f=0.

(9)

(6) (8)

' (!() <*i I 1 < t < = f f <) </|) | 1 < t < ) =

= tf(n) </1 1 < & (/) < ) = tf(/l) (Xj 11 < / < \

(10)

m j^N, k(j)^n.
,
k(m)^.n 9/(())^/(), / .
fi- %nHm))(A)^Xj{n) ().
(10) :
(*) <xt 1 1 < i < ) )) {Xj | 1 < / < /?> c 8 f / j .
(11)
(9) (11) , (/()<*| 1 ^ * ^ ^0/ n<=jV.
, , (9/)^9/ ^ 9/.
, Q- %k lQ-
St/ (9/). - St/ip (/) =ip (St)/ (0/)
- St/0/=St/. % 1/.
4. f : N-WV / g : N-+N. f^g
(. . f(n) ^g(n) n<=N), Qf^Qg Q- %g
Q- 91/.
, f^g, /{)^() ti(=N
T/(n)<X| 1 ^ ^ / > ^ ^ ( ) ( ^ | 1 ^ ^ > n<=N. 9/^9^
(. (4)).
1.
1.
f:N-+N. 1, %f- -.
, R
-. 2
h:N-+N, R Q- %. /

1207

,
k:N-^N, fk^h. 4, %h t/fe,
3, % Q- %.
, 9- R
SW-
31/, f.
f : N-+N ,
, ()= n^N, 1
.
1. (3) ,
- R0i 2- R Q-
R0. , Q- R0
, R0
.
2. Q .
Q- RQ,
Q- R
Q- R0.
. Q . Fn
, Q- ,
+ 1- .
(. ( 2 ), 24 . 358361) ,
n^N Fn , . .
Q-. , ,
Fn F \jFn
Q-. ,
/'- Q-.
1 F^F2^
.. .^Fn^

.
2. U
: Q- U .
<0> .
, , , ,
, () ,
,
. .
1 2.
1, 2 2 :
1. -
, U
. :
)
R0^U,
U R0;

1208

. .

)
R^U,

U Rt;
)
(. . U ),
R2^U,
U
R2.
, 91
9 t 1 ^ $ 2 ^ . ^ 9 l n ^ ... 9in
+ 1 - , , .
.
2. U

.
:
)
G0^U,
U G0;
)
G^U,
U G{;
)
G 2 e/, U
G2.
.
3. 1
-. ,

,
9.
2. U
' , 1
51/. , -
.
, U
. .
,
.
,
St ($)
$ X . $
X, . .
.
u=xl

. . . xif .. . xin

(1 < j< /2,

if <zNy neE N).

(12)

' $
. (12),

1209

p(u) = max {ij\ 1 < / < }

(13)

d(u) = ny

. , (12)
(13), , v
d (uv) = d(u)+ d (v),

p (uv) = max {p (u), p[{v)}.

, 3t ' ($)
, . .
91 = ($)= 2 //| , a i / G ? , m e J V ,

=^ //

(/ ,/G $ , m<=N)

(14)

/=i

a^5t. , , ,
(14)
, . . w5
.
, / : N-+N.
( X) f-, d(u)>f(p(u)).
w
/-, /- . ,
v /-, /- .

J (/) = pj | / , N, Vjne /- !

(15)

% 91,
/- -.
- 2(f) = / 5 r ( f ) .
1
j ? ( / ) , /- .

, Wlk k+ 1 - , . .
, Ak+i = 0. ()
+\ 0/
Cff=Xl\

1 < i < n?+Hn)\nt=N)

(16>

, -.
/- . d(u)=m, p(u)=n. ,
(12) (13), u^{Xi\l^i^n)m.
, /- ,

^ / ( ) + 1. u^(Xi\ l ^ i ^ / z > 1 + / ( n ) . ,
&(f)^3ff. , ({\ l^.i^.n}l+f{n)
,
, , ()^.
d(u)^\+f(n).
/ ,

1210

. .

d(u)~^\+f(ri)'^\+f(p(u))>f(p(u))y
. .
/-. ' (16), ,
3f^3(f).
,
4. / , 3'(f)
3f , 2'(f), $ / =tA3 r / .
, 2(f) ,
1/.
4 1,
1. f
, 2(f) ,
2(f).
/ : N-+N
2(f) .
, R ,
R
. ,
, y^R.
2. 2(/) ,
f . 2(f)

, f . f
f(n)=k
n^N, 2(f)

k+l- .
. , f .
a, <=91, 3(f). ,
3(f), ,

= } , 6=^JPA

(17)

5 f- .
, (17),
= max {/ ( ()), f (p (v)), p (u)y p(v)\u
(18)
v / (17)}.
/, M^N,
>+1

f(M)>2K+l.

(19)

^^^

afifitXMbf.

(20)

ii ji

(17) (19) ,
bj. , (20)
, . . (20) -

1211

. , {5 (20).
w , w , , xMv, uxMv,
aiy a v 5.
, v , (18) (19),
d(w)^.
^d(uxMv)
= d(u)+d(v) + l < f(p(u))+f(p(v))
+ l^2K+K:f(M)
=
.= f(p(w)). w /-.
w, {^/-.
, axMb^3f(f). & (/) =1& (/)
.
, / , . .
M^N, f(n)<M n<=N, , ,
31^!7("/). , 3?{f) .
/ , &(f) =9tft+1, f(n)=k n^N.
3?(/) =a/SlA+1 + 1-
.
,
.
,
.
5. / : N-+N .
<=% (14). (/)
, w5
& (/), . . f-
.
.
3. / : N-^N g : N-+N.
2f(f)^2f(g)
f^g.
, 37(f) 3?(g) ,
fug.
, f^g, /- ^-.
& (/) ^ (g).
, 3f(f)^&(g).
n^N
=1^{).
, /- u^3f(f).
u^3f(g), . . g-, 5.
- v. v v = x
rn^Zl+f(n)9 v . ,
m = d(v) ^g(p(v))
+ 1 = 1 +g(n), v ^-.
, f(n)^g{n),
. . f^g
n^N. .
, 3'(/) S?(g)
. , , , / g
.
3. f : N-+N g : N-+N
. i ? ( / ) , &(g) ,
f, g . , S(f),
3?(g)
, .

1212

. .

3 .
6. 3'(f) 3(g) ,
|): 5t->-9t 9t,
ty(3f(f))=3f(g). ,
|): t-^9t : 9t->-9t
, . . ah (^
, Tn^N
/

iern

.
. "(2( (f)) =2f(g)

| 91, 3(f) =%j3f(f) ^^(/^(3^ (f)) =
=yLI3f(g) =3(g),
, . . 3(f)
3(g) .
, 3(f) =$5 3(g) =( | :33->(S,
:@->23 .
I 31 -
9L/&(f) = 9L/3f(g) = .
Vne=N\yn=l

(),

= (*).

(21)

, , Y={yn\n^N}
Z {zn\n^N}
59= g (SI) (=(1) .
V/ze=tf|JM> = / ^ /* +#i2,

= / ^ +zn2

(22>

, N,
ah pf 2
zixzh...zim
^ 2 zn2
2-.. k^2.
, - |) St,

, , Uj, ( , (22).
, |? , ,,
(22):

Vn^N\yn=

yn= ( 2 *Pff\ + 2 = { 2 2 <*/# + # (24)'

\/

\,//

2=/^2 //2^+2 :
^^ . . . / > 2.
g: 31-> 95= <(/), . . , (21),
xh :

V = N1 ( 2
\

2 ] ^2 = J (f),

1213

(25)

(24), '
q^2. 5 , (25)
&(f), . . ,
f- . ,
(23),
Vrce=tf|*n=S

S = **.

(26)

51 , (26), |)
%. ( |), f g",
. .), , |) = .
t|) , (23),
51. , ,
. . (23), ,
|) , .
, t|? .
u=xilxi2 . . . xik^Cf(f).

:9t->35, (21), 0 = ^ =
= ytk- H o , (22),

0 = (#,&, . . . ytk) = ( 51 bpi\ ( ; -|-^+1,

(27)

Uk+i ZjxzJ2 . . . zjs s > f e + l .

(27) z, xh . .
1,'-^^=2> (g), :

' ( S /)+%iG^fe)'

(S ^
e

v 4

/sA

/*

(28)

^ + 1 s^k+\.

(28)
k. , 5, '
3 (f). , ' (23), w$^2f(g).
ty(2f(f)) <^3f(g).
( (g))^J (f). |
. 3^(g)^
<=i|)(e!7(f)), . ,
y(&(f))=3r(g),<p(3r(g))=3r(f).
.
* 3. <?(/) 2?(g)
. 6
1, :

*OT))=tffe).

V Wig)) = 3(f),

(29)

1214

. .

V = N | ^ = ^

//,

- } .

(30>

% 33, :
St(D= 2 {^| N),

(D= 2 % 1 # } ,

g(1) = 2 {1 = },(31>

, 6. (29), (30)
, I|KS-MS, : @-,

|(6)=(),

() = (<).

(32>

,
Vn(=BN\ynq=

//,

== ^

,#,

(33)

ier n

g\p = \pg, = (32).

(i) = ()) = (C(D), (i) - (*(!)) - (CD)
(34>
(30) (33). -,
, Z
53(1) (1) .

S5=i?(/) ^ = 5 7 ( g r ) ,
(4) @(1). :
,
indM = {k^N\

, rk+1 = 0 =f=rk}\

, , ,
indr=ind{r} ,
.
6 ( 1 ) .
^ = 2 V// N. ,
Vmestflpg

Y/y/>|W = 0 ^ ( V / e A | ^ = 0 ) ^ < y / | / e A > m = 0.

(35>

, = 0, ,
g:9l~>85=2!(/:), /^] yjXf\m ^f(f).

\/=

, 5, / #/* /-
, /
^ = 0 xf /-, (.
3) / > / ( / ) / ,
. . / ! > 1 - | -

1215

+ max {/ (/) | / } . , v^(Xj \ / <= A>m.

v = X/t% . . . */_, m > m {/s 11 ^ s <: } : .
d(v) =m^m>f(p(v)),
( ^ ) ^ . ,
/-. v^&(f).
v4
m
{Xj\j^A) ^J(f).
, < ^ | / ^ > = 0 . ,
(y}\j<=A}m=0, , , =0.
, (35) 7 ^
N.
ind / ^

yfy\

= max {ind 1 / / | / } = max {/ (/) | / },

(36)

V n e i V | i n d ^ = /(/i).

(37)

(36), (37) , ,
, (34),
/ (N) = ind Y = ind (1) = ind g(1) = ind Z - g (N),

(38)

.
(38), f(N)=g(N)=K.
,
1 (fe) = { tf | f () - ft}, 1 (ft) = {m e= tf| g (m) -

ft}

(39)

k(=N.
(1), (i). , fte/C

(*) = 2{<(0<*>. (*)= {^/U(/)< >-

(4>

(36), (37), (40) ,

fte/C :
25(ft) = {&sE (1) | = 0 ind6<ft},
&(ft) = {c<= g(1) | = 0 indc<ft}.

Vfte/C|t|)(JB(ft))=6(ft),

<p(g(ft))=<S(ft)

(41)

(34). , ,
Vfte/C|r1(*) = rl(A).
(42)
, ft=ft0 /, . .
k0=f(l)=g(l)
fug. ,
/ g , , *&V
f(i)^k0 f(i)=k0 , ,
g. , (40),

<*e) = S < I f e 1

(ft0) = S {,| / = 1 (ft0)>-

(43)

4216

. .

\\ , :
| 1 (0) I = di (kQ) = dim < (*0) = | g"1 (fe0) |

(44)

(34), (41), (43). , f g ,

, / _1 ( 0 ) g~i(k0)
[9 m]={i^N\n^.i^.m}9
[/, oo]={feN | / i ^ t } .
1. (44)
f-i(k0)=g~i(k0)
k0 .
, (42)
. ,
. k f-i(k') =
=g-i(k') '/, k'<k.
k = max{n<=K\n<;k}.

(45)

i^N f(i)<k
f(i)^k
, , g. (40) (45)
, 8(A), @()

(*) = (*) + 2 (^" 1 (*)>.

1

(46)

e(*)=e(fe) + S^ / |/er (*)}.

l

f~ {k) 8~1() ,
/ g", , N. ,
, / -1 (^)> g~4k) ,
,
\. f~l(k) ~*()
j i + 1 . , , (41) (46)

| 1 (k) | = dim 5 (fe)/ (k) = dim S (fc)/< (k) = |g" 1 (k) |,
, , f~i(k)

(42) .
n^N ne/ _ 1 (f(n))
n^g~i(f(n))9
. . f(n)=g(n).
,
/ g . .
5. , 1,
3 3,
, ,
- .
i ? ( / ) ,
f: N^N,

. , ,
-

1217

, -
.
3.
,
,
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
, (
).
', , ,
.
6. , , ,
,
Q = { 0 , + , , -}1] .
, . ,
, R R , R = 0.
U ,
, , -
R /,
U
R.
, :
U ?
, , 6 2
1, . ,
.
, U ,
, U.
.
,
7. U ,
.
, U .
R
U,
U R. R
. V
U. , T(R) =
= f]{3^\^<\R, R/3f^V}
& R. , , R = R/T(R)
V. ,
V.
A^U : R-+A R
. < , ^(/?),
2 , 6

1218

. .

/ ? / ^ ^ /?/
R = R/T(R). , V
.
8.
.
. , R
, R=0 =={2-| , {^
{^}0 , R.
R , - R/P .
, R=P ,
R ^ ^,
^.
R ()
Spec R=-- {P\P R}.

(47)

,
.
,
. ,
. R. ,
d i m / ? ^ 2 , , ,
. .
R . , ,
, .
R
R.
R/C . , , Spec R
, Spec R/C. R
. .
R . , ,
, R, = 0. ,
, R
. , R, R/A R/B
. , R
. . .
7.
. , ,,
5- { e2i e3, e4, s}
:
2 = 2 == 4 + > ^ 3 = 31 = 4,
//=0 .
!
, ,
( 5 + 4) -
4- { 2 3, 4}
:

1219

el=ev
el = e2, et=e3,
|
2 = 2 = (1 a) ?4, ^, = % = e4, f
/2/ = 0 .
J
, \,
, =, ^ , (1) (1) = 1.
,
.
9. U . V

.
. R U, ( , )
U R.
{{\1<= R, i? = <r<|fe^V>. ,
R . R
, n<=N ^ = < ^ | 1 ^ ^ ^ >
. , ,
R1^R2^

... c R c R n + 1 c ...,

R=

U Rm-

(48)

, U.
R : R-+A R
. (48) :
) ( 2 ) ( ) ...,

= ()= U (#).

(49)

. Ay(Rm)
m (49).
, U
Rm.
, 8,
. U

. .

.
4.
0, 2. U
, , ,
U , . . U , U
.
. , U .
, ' 7, , 2*

1220

. .

. , 9,

.
^ 7?
{ 2} :
?=0,

^e 2 =e 2 e 1 =Pe 1 + e2,

1=.

(50)

, /?, . .
/?=/?| =7^=0 i?p 0 i?p. ,
, 7?
.
. !
, $ /?, /? .
7? { 2},
\ == 0,

2 = 2 = + ,

~\ = .

(51)

(50) , , j /
( + 2)2 = (2 + 2) + 22.

(52)

ei = xel , el = 0
(51). (51) (52), , e2=uei + ve2,
v0, ei=xe1 2 ,
e^= (2uv$ + v2) e1 + 2uve2 = e1 = xe1
u=0,
2
x^=v .
2 = v\e2 = $vex + v2e2 = yet + e2
y=f>v, v2=l. ,
$0, i?p R^ ,
2 =7 2 - , /? =^0 '
. .
.
4. . U
& - ,
. .
R^U, U
R.

7.
, , ,
{R{\i^N}
- ,
-
Ru {Ri\i^N} .
i^N 8={|/^,-}
Ri. N.

1221

Y = { \i<=N, / = } ( ^ = *//,/, 4=> 1 = fa, - /2)

(53)

-
W Y . i^N
^ , Yt=
= {#|/*}. , feiV ^
- Y*
. , (53), Y
Ri. \)^
( !) Ei'.Wr+Ri
Wi Ri.
&:
^(&1\1<=),
(54)
W .
- 9?*=<^73', .
, *&* -
. <^?
<g7-^(g?*=(?73r , ,
<
&* = (yij\i^N, / >.
&*, <> : <>] ' ^
<& , (54)
R{. ,
- ,
, ,
. 92*
- .
,
- . ,
, %?*.
, ,
, (
), ,
,
.
{b{\i^N} , B = (bi\i^N}. ,
, J5n = <&t.| 1^:^> n^N.
,
B i Q B 2 e . . . . . . , = U .
(55)
n(=N

, , (55)
. ,
. , , m^N
Riy . ,
h : N-+N
N , /

. .

1222

/?(). m<=N
: Rh(m)-*Bm. , () = { ( -|/ () }
# () , , {^m{eh{m)j) |/ ( ) } 5 .
: ->,
(/) = ( 0 ,

^ ^

[ (^()/), I = ( ) ,

(56)
1TL^N.

^ -
Y , <
( !) . (55) (56)
, : ^-^ ^
.
m^N. *: ^r^Ri
-: )-*~{ ,
^ \ () ,
() () '.^)
. :
V = N | f| %h{m) = () eh(m).

(57)

, (56),
^^/1(^)|^8.

(58)

(57) (58) ,
V /.
(59)
, (59) (54) , ^ ^ .
5^97 <8*=<&l2f.
.
4, ,

10. . U
- ,
U {R{\i^N} ( ) ,
U
R{. ,
.
,
9. ',
, U .
U -
{A{\i^N} ,
U
{. , , = 2

1223

U, U
.
{R{\i^N} , , ,
-
* U,
4: R^ *
=[]{; & /,
^ *: 9\*->/?-, =
= (8|^/) . .
U
(55) , ,
. ,
R{ ,
: Rm-+Bm Rm m^N.
4,
.^-^
*& (56),
h:N-+N . -
4, .
5. .
-
.
, ,
(., , ( 3 ), . 111,
8.7). ,
-
( )
, ,
. ,
= / j Mk - +1- Mk,
/=-\-1, ,
S=MM'

, , = 2

, 5.
, -

.
10, 7.

5.IX.1975

1
2
8

. ., , ., , 1962.
. ., , ., , 1970.
., ., , ., , 1972.