Page 1 of 2

SHORT NOTES ON SERVO MOTOR

A small electric motor that supplies power to a Servomechanism is known as servomotor. A servomotor is a component of a control system in which the controlled variable is a mechanical angular position or rate of change of angular position.It converts equivalent electrical signal into equivalent mechanical system It is classified as AC and DC .Again DC can be subdivided into armature controlled and field controlled respectively.There is another type called permanent magnet type and again subdivided into ceramic magnet and rare earth magnet type Three basic types of servo motors are used in modern servo systems: ac servo motors, based on induction motor designs; dc servo motors, based on dc motor designs; and ac brushless servo motors, based on synchronous motor designs Servo motors are used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable. The ability of the servo motor to adjust to differences between the motion profile and feedback signals depends greatly upon the type of controls and servo motors used. Difference between armature controlled and field controlled dc servo motor given below

Sl no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Field controlled Due to low power requirement amplifier design are simple Control voltage applied to field Time constant is large Basically an open loop control Poor efficiency Suitable for small rated motor Costly as field coils are must

Armature controlled Due to high power amplifier required to design which is comlicated Control voltage applied to armature Time constant is small This is closed loop control Better efficiency Suitable for large rated motor Less costly as permanent magnets can be used in place of field coil

Difference between AC servo motor and DC servo motor

Sl no 1 2 3 4 5 6

AC servo motor Deliver low power output [from 0.5w to 100w) Less efficient (5% to 20%) No commutator so less maintenace Stability problems are less No radio frequency noise Smooth operation

DC servomotor Deliver high power output High efficiency Due to commutator,frequent maintenance is required More problems in stability Due to brushes of commutator there is a presence of radio frequency Noisy operation

Page 2 of 2

Figure shows typical dc servo motor system with either encoder or resolver feedback. Some older servo motor systems use a tachometer and encoder for feedback. The servo motor differs from the standard motor principally in that it has low
inertia and high starting torque.

Transfer function of DC Armature controlled, field controlled and ac servo motor given below. Abbreviation and symbols are having usual meaning Further the speed torque curve of these motors explains the servo motor and their characteristics.