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Figure 1: Sloping tank with liquid.

Consider the tank shown in Figure 1.

The volume of an infinitesimal strip of thickness ∆h is


!
1 ∆h
∆V = ∆h w l+l+ .
2 tan θ

The mass of this volume of liquid is


∆m = ρ ∆V
where ρ is the density of the liquid.
The force exerted by this mass of liquid due to gravity is
!
∆h
∆f = g ∆m = ρ g w ∆h l+ .
2 tan θ

where g is the acceleration due to gravity.


Therefore
∆f df
lim ≡ = ρ g w l(h) .
∆h→0 ∆h dh
To get the total force at a location h = h1 due to water between locations h = h1 and h = h2 (h2 > h1 ) we integrate, and get
Z h2
f (h1 ) = ρ g w l(h) dh .
h1

The corresponding pressure at h = h1 is


h2
ρg
Z
p(h1 ) = l(h) dh .
l(h1 ) h1

Note that if l(h1 ) = l0 = 0, an infinite pressure is obtained.


If, as in the figure,
l(h) = l0 + h cot θ
then " #
ρg cot θ 2 2
p(h1 ) = l0 (h2 − h1 ) + (h2 − h1 ) .
l0 + h1 cot θ 2
1
For a vertical wall, θ = π/2 and we have
p(h1 ) = ρ g (h2 − h1 ) .
And, if h1 = 0 and h2 = h, the pressure at the bottom is ρ g h.

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