1

Fatigue
(Continued) (Continued)
Fatigue due to
Fluctuating Loads
Types of Fatigue Loading
Fully Reversed Repeated

m
Fluctuating
o o
Alternating Stress

max

min
a
Mean Stress
o o +

a
=
m
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 2
2
min max
o o
o

=
a
2
min max
o o
o
+
=
m

m
Fluctuating Stress Fatigue

m
= 0
d t
S
f
reversed stress
Soderberg criterion
1
1
to S
y
Modified Goodman criterion
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 3

m
S
y
S
ut
a
= 0
static stress
Fluctuating Stress Fatigue

a
f
a
f
m
S
S
S
+
=
o S
y
for Soderberg
S
f
Load line
(
m,

a
)
ut m
S
+
o
m
m
S
N
o
=
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 4

m
S
y
S
ut
S
m

m
2
Example
G d l h f S 54 k i S 64 k i
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 5
Ground steel shaft, S
y
= 54 ksi, S
ut
= 64 ksi
Design shaft (calculate d)
Example
1) Use a generous factor of safety, and solve for d under static conditions:
let N = 4
o
y
S
M
" 69 . 1
000 54
) 4 )( 1000 )( 5 . 6 ( 32 32
32
3
1
3
1
3
=
(

=
(
(

=
=
= =
t t
t
o
y
S
MN
d
d
c
I
N
c
I
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 6
000 , 54
(

t t
y
S
Round to: d = 1.75 in.
D = 2.00 in.
Notch Sensitivity
r = 0.125 in
S
ut
= 64 ksi
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 7
Ground
Surface factor
Fig. 6-26
finish
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 8
3
2) Check factor of safety against fatigue failure
q = .78 - Fig. 6-36(1)
D/d = 2/1.75 = 1.14
r/d = .125/1.75 = .07
Fatigue factors:
K
t
= 1.75 - Fig. E-2
K
f
= 1 + q(K
t
-1) = 1.59
Fatigue factors:
S
e
= .5 S
ut
(.91)(.9)(.814) = 21.3 ksi
C
surf
= .9 - Fig. 6-26
C
reliab
= .814 let R = 99%
91 . ) 646 (. 869 .
. 646 .
0766 .
) 75 . 1 ( 010462 .
097 . 0
2
= =
= =

size
equiv
C
in d
Non-
rotating
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 9
3) Calculate mean, alternating stresses
psi
c
I
M
K
m
f m a
9790
32
) 75 . 1 (
) 500 ( 5 . 6
) 59 . 1 (
3
= = = =
t
o o
4) Calculate factor of safety using Modified Goodman theory
ut
e
m
a
e
m
S
S
S
S
+
=
o
o
63 . 1 = =
m
m
S
N
o
5
10
15
20
25
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
n
g

S
t
r
e
s
s

[
k
s
i
]
(
m
,
a
)
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Mean Stress [ksi]
A
S
m
Compressive Fatigue
The Whole Story!
Bottom line: Alternating compressive
t i ifi tl l f stresses are significantly less of a
problem than tensile stresses
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 11
Torsional Fatigue

a
S
sy
= .577 S
y
S
se
= .577 S
e
Safe
Fatigue Continued MCEN 3025 12

m
S
sy
= .577 S
y