Radiography, Dental (LENGKAP)

July 2002
Radiographic Units, Dental; Radiography Systems, Digital, Dental

Scope of this Product Comparison
This Product Comparison covers intraoral and extraoral (panoramic and cephalometric) dental radiographic units, as well as digital dental radiography systems. Chart A lists specifications on the x-ray system, available film sizes, imaging capabilities, patient-positioning features, and control panel for dental radiographic units. Chart B lists specifications on the imaging method, computer system, software, image enhancement features, and networking capabilities for digital dental radiography systems. Intraoral radiography requires the dental film to be placed inside the patients mouth for bitewing, periapical, and occlusal imaging. Bitewing radiographs, which show the crowns and upper third of the roots of both upper and lower teeth, are made by using a dental film packet with a tab that holds the film in place when the patient bites down on the tab. In periapical radiography, the full tooth structure, including the entire root, is imaged on one film, and the mandibular and maxillary jaws are imaged on separate films. Occlusal radiographs show the masticating surface of the premolars and molars. In panoramic radiography, images of the maxillofacial region are acquired using a rotating x-ray beam and an external film cassette; the dental arch is then depicted in a single image as a fixed elliptical shape. In addition to providing localized radiographs of tooth structure, panoramic units are used for imaging the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the maxillary sinuses, and the facial skeleton to aid in
UMDNS information
This Product Comparison covers the following device terms and product codes as listed in ECRIs Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System (UMDNS): Radiographic Units, Dental, Extraoral [18-427] Radiographic Units, Dental, Intraoral [18426]
Purpose
Dental radiographic units are used for imaging dentition, individual tooth anatomy (i.e., crown, neck, root), and dental problems (e.g., caries) in adult and pediatric patients, as well as for orthodontic planning and assessment. Depending on the type of unit, three types of imaging can be performed: intraoral, panoramic, and cephalometric radiography.
Intraoral dental radiographic unit
196613 424-010
5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA Telephone +1 (610) 825-6000 q Fax +1 (610) 834-1275
E-mail hpcs@ecri.org
Healthcare Product Comparison System

evaluation, and other dental procedures that require multiple images.
Principles of operation
Dental radiographic units Intraoral, panoramic, and cephalometric dental radiographic units consist of an x-ray generator and x-ray tube, a collimator, an exposure timer, patient-positioning features, and a control panel. The configuration of these components depends on the type of radiography performed and the type of x-ray generator used. The x-ray generator modifies incoming voltage and current to provide the x-ray tube with the power needed to produce an x-ray beam of the desired peak kilovoltage (kVp) and current (measured in milliamperes [mA]) for dental radiographic examinations. The kilovoltage (also referred to as the tube potential) for various dental x-ray systems can range from 50 to 110 kV, and the tube current can range from 1 to 20 mA, depending on the model. Some units offer a fixed setting (e.g., 70 kV, 10 mA), and others offer a range of selectable kV and mA settings (e.g., 57 to 85 kV, 5 to 10 mA). X-ray generators are classified according to their waveform the variation of the tube potential over time. Dental x-ray generators are usually half-wave, self-rectified alternating current (AC) generators, but some manufacturers now offer high-frequency or multipulse generators and constant-potential or direct current (DC) generators. With AC generators, the tube potential varies from zero to the peak kilovoltage and back to zero with each pulse of the AC. The x-ray tube acts as a rectifier by blocking current flow away from the target during the negative half of the AC cycle; therefore, only one-half of each electrical cycle is used to produce x-rays. With high-frequency or multipulse
Panoramic dental radiographic unit

diagnosing TMJ disorders, facial trauma, and sinus pathology. Cephalometric, or skull-view, radiography is used to obtain images of the complete skull or a region of interest from various angles. Cephalometric studies are used to assess growth and to determine orthodontic or prosthetic treatment plans. Some panoramic and cephalometric units can perform cross-sectional tomography to produce multilayered transverse images of the maxillary and mandibular jaws. This technique, previously possible only by using computed tomography (CT) or plane-film tomography (see the Product Comparisons titled SCANNERS, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, FULL-BODY and RADIOGRAPHIC/TOMOGRAPHIC TABLE SYSTEMS), is useful for implantation planning as well as presurgical and postoperative assessment of patients. Digital dental radiography systems, also called digital dental imaging systems, are used to produce computer-generated images as an alternative or in addition to traditional dental x-ray films. Direct digital dental imaging and image processing allow real-time display of multiple images, reduce radiation exposure times, and eliminate the waiting time associated with x-ray film developing. Digital dental imaging can be used for endodontics, implantation planning and
Dental digital radiography system with display
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Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

generators, full-wave rectification and a higher operating frequency reduce voltage ripple to less than 1%. With DC generators, the tube potential is maintained at a constant kilovoltage, and the waveform output is virtually ripple-free. Ripple, expressed as a percentage of the maximum voltage, is the difference between the minimum and maximum x-ray voltages, or the voltage variation across the x-ray tube. X-ray generators with a lower ripple have a greater x-ray output and are, therefore, more efficient. (For more information on x-ray generators and their operation, see the Product Comparison titled X-RAY GENERATORS.) In units with constant-potential and high-frequency generators, the x-ray generator is usually small enough to be integrated with the unit. A separate housing unit may be required for larger AC generators. Many dental radiographic units have microprocessor-controlled x-ray generators, which automate certain operations; for instance, fluctuations in the line voltage can be monitored and automatically compensated for by the computer. In addition, microprocessorcontrolled generators often have internal self-diagnostics, which cause an error message to appear on the console if the generator malfunctions. Most x-ray tubes used in dental radiography have stationary anodes with heat capacities ranging from 7,000 to 50,000 heat units (HU); one unit designed for dentomaxillofacial tomography uses a rotating anode with a heat capacity of 300,000 HU. The size of the focal spot the region of the target anode bombarded by electrons from which x-rays are produced ranges from 0.3 mm in units with rotating anodes up to 1 mm in units with stationary anodes. A smaller focal spot size produces an image with higher resolution; however, in tubes with stationary anodes, the total output and intensity of the x-ray tube must be restricted to prevent overheating the target. Because the electrons are not continuously bombarding the same region of the target in rotating anodes, smaller focal spot sizes are possible. For some imaging situations, the effective focal spot size can be made smaller by increasing the source-to-image distance (SID). Depending on the model, an SID range (often selectable) from approximately 200 to 400 mm is available on intraoral units; one SID (e.g., 520 mm, 575 mm) is usually offered on panoramic units. On models with both panoramic and cephalometric capabilities, a second SID of approximately 1,600 mm is provided. In intraoral units, the x-ray tube is located in a cylindrical tubehead, which also contains a collimator for shaping the x-ray beam and reducing scatter radiation. With some models, another, longer beam-defining cone is available for increasing the SID. The tubehead is usually mounted on an articulating arm positioned according to the view desired; the arm can be wall mounted, ceiling mounted, or attached to a floormounted or freestanding column base. In panoramic and cephalometric units, an external flat film cassette and an x-ray tube with a slit collimator are configured as a C-arm, with the patients head positioned between the cassette and the x-ray tube. In panoramic radiography, the external cassette moves in conjunction with the x-ray tube around the patients head, which is held stationary by a headholder attached to the unit. In cephalometric radiography, the SID is increased, and the patients head and the C-arm are maintained in a specific position during x-ray exposure. The patient-positioning system varies depending on the type of unit. In intraoral units, a cylindrical position-indicating device, which also contains a beamshaping collimator, is located on the x-ray tubehead and serves as a guide when the operator aligns the x-ray beam, patient, and film during periapical, bitewing, and occlusal radiography. For intraoral bitewing radiography, plastic positioning devices that consist of a film holder, a biteplate, and indicator rods or rings may be used to help the operator properly align the x-ray beam with the film. These devices are not coupled to the x-ray tubehead; some intraoral units have nonremovable or removable aiming/positioning film holders coupled to the x-ray tubehead. In panoramic radiography, image quality depends on the exact positioning of the patient; therefore, many panoramic units have fully motorized or automatic systems with dual or triple light beam alignment. Headholders, chin rests, bite blocks, and/or nose supports are used to stabilize the patients head. In addition, some patientpositioning systems include a digital display of the focal zone, as well as preprogrammed automatic movement to the imaging position. The exposure timer controls the length of the x-ray exposure; typical exposure times are 0.01 to 4 seconds for intraoral radiography, 0.1 to 5 seconds for cephalometric radiography, and 5 to 20 seconds for panoramic radiography. Some models have automatic exposure control for automatic termination of radiation exposure when the proper optical density has been reached on the film cassette. A sensor on the reverse side of the cassette detects the amount of radiation received by the cassette and adjusts the exposure parameters according to the patients bone density. Double-emulsion film with a backing of lead foil (to reduce patient radiation dose) is used for intraoral radiography. Intraoral film sizes are 31 41 mm for premolars and molars and 22 35 mm for incisors and canines. To image dentition fully, 14 to 22 radiographs

may be required. Panoramic and cephalometric radiography use single-emulsion screen films in sizes of 12.5 30 cm, 15 30 cm, 13 18 cm, and 24 30 cm, depending on the views desired. Dental films can be developed manually or by using an automatic processor. Some manufacturers offer computerized filmmarking systems for printing exposure parameters, chosen programs, patient identification, and other information on panoramic and cephalometric films. The control panel can be located on the unit itself, on a control console, or on a remote box. On some units, the control box is mounted on the unit and can be removed for remote operation. Control panel features include analog or digital display of exposure parameters, touch control, help messages and error codes, parameter memory, self-diagnostics, and preprogramming. In microprocessor-controlled units capable of panoramic and cephalometric imaging, when the cephalometric mode is selected on the control panel, the computer will automatically move the C-arm into position and choose the appropriate collimator aperture. Some units also have motorized vertical movement to accommodate patients of different heights. Special features available with some models include magnification, film-size selection, programs for imaging specific areas (e.g., sinuses), cross-sectional tomography, remote control, mobile configurations, and quality-assurance programs. Digital dental imaging systems Digital dental imaging systems, which allow immediate viewing of images without using dental x-ray film, consist of an intraoral sensor or imaging plate, an x-ray system, computer hardware and software for image processing, and a hard-copy printer. For image acquisition, an intraoral sensor or intraoral imaging plates can be used, depending on the model. In systems that use an intraoral sensor, which is based on charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, the sensor is placed in the patients mouth during image acquisition; the sensor is electronically connected to the computer system. The CCD detector converts x-rays directly into electrical signals. These signals are then sent to a computer system for processing. In other models, the sensor contains a rare-earth intensifying screen optically coupled to a CCD array. This array sends an analog signal to the display processing unit, where the signal is converted pixel by pixel into an image. The intraoral sensor is encapsulated in durable materials that protect the CCD electronics from exposure to moisture (e.g., saliva, liquid disinfectants). Disposable polyethylene covers are provided for hygiene and infection control during examinations. Some sensors can also be cold-sterilized by immersion. Depending on the model, disposable bite blocks may be necessary to correctly position the patients jaw during periapical and bitewing radiography. Another type of digital dental imaging system uses imaging plates instead of an intraoral sensor. The thin, wireless imaging plates fit into the patients mouth like conventional intraoral films and cover the same diagnostic area as films. After the exposure is made, the imaging plate is inserted into a laser scanner that digitizes the image for manipulation on the computer screen. The imaging plates are reusable, and disposable plastic bags (to cover the plates during examinations) are provided to prevent contamination between patients. Depending on the model, the digital dental imaging system is usually compatible with the x-ray system of a conventional intraoral dental radiographic unit, or an x-ray system may be provided with the digital imaging system. One model does not require a direct electrical connection to an x-ray generator. An IBM-compatible or Macintosh PC (personal computer) with appropriate software is used to manipulate the image. Image-processing features include zoom, image rotation, edge enhancement, high-resolution color, multi-image viewing, brightness and contrast adjustment, and measurement of distances and angles. Some systems also allow database management. Images can be saved and retrieved in standard file formats, and hard copies can be printed using a standard or video printer, eliminating the need for conventional x-ray film processing.
Reported problems
Most problems in dental radiography are not the result of equipment failure. Film-processing systems work best with a continuous and constant throughput of films, which is not the usual case with dental radiography. Errors in patient positioning when using uncoupled positioning devices during bitewing radiography may lead to exposure errors, which require retakes, thereby increasing patient radiation dose. Errors in aligning the positioning device can affect the diagnosis of proximal caries and the measurement of alveolar bone loss from bitewing radiographs. Components of the dental radiography unit in contact with the patient and the operator should be properly disinfected using a disinfectant solution (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) or covered with disposable plastic wrap. Patient radiation exposure from dental radiographic units is minimal. Even though dental x-rays constitute approximately 25% of all medical diagnostic

x-ray examinations worldwide, dental radiography accounts for only 1% to 2% of the global collective effective dose equivalent. Effective dose equivalents per exposure vary depending on the type of radiographic unit and the imaging technique used; typical effective dose equivalents range from 1 to 3.5 Sv for intraoral radiography and from 7 to 20 Sv for panoramic radiography. Patient radiation doses in panoramic radiography often depend on the programs selected. During a dental radiographic exam, unnecessary radiation exposure should be prevented for instance, by using lead aprons for patients and operators. In addition, imaging techniques that reduce radiation dose to the patient (e.g., small field sizes) should be used whenever possible. Digital dental imaging systems can significantly reduce radiation exposure because the CCD detector is more sensitive to x-rays and requires less exposure than film. Even though scatter radiation around dental radiographic units is minimal, dentists and dental technicians should avoid chronic exposure to x-rays during examinations by following the manufacturers recommendations for radiation protection while operating the dental radiographic unit. Costs incurred in both film-based and digital radiography include plastic covers for equipment that contacts the patient as well as radiation protection/ monitoring equipment for patients and staff.
Stage of development
Developments in dental radiography have focused on reducing patient radiation dose by using higher tube potentials in conjunction with faster films, added beam filtration and new filter materials (e.g., niobium), and constant-potential x-ray generators. The first digital dental imaging system was introduced in the late 1980s. Since then, research suggests that using a digital dental imaging system can reduce patient radiation dose as well as provide real-time image analysis and enhancement and allow computer storage, retrieval, and transmission of images. Sensor performance is being improved almost yearly (see Mondou et al. 1996). At least one system is now available that uses a digital cassette for acquiring panoramic images that are displayed on a PC monitor during x-ray exposure. The cassette can be used interchangeably with film using compatible dental radiography models that have an appropriate PC-based workstation. The system requires an interface board, software, and an electronic drive. Clinical applications in root canal imaging, orthodontics, periodontal treatment, TMJ evaluation, and magnification of crown margins, bridges, and inlays are still under development. Other digital techniques currently being studied for applications include digital subtraction radiography and tuned-aperture CT. One unit covered in this report is a dedicated dental CT scanner that is available in Europe.
Purchase considerations
Before purchasing a dental radiographic unit or digital dental imaging system, buyers should determine the number and type of procedures to be performed annually, as well as the types of patients to be treated. If skull-view radiography is to be performed frequently, a panoramic unit with cephalometric imaging capabilities should be considered. For facilities that treat a variety of patients (e.g., adults, children, patients in wheelchairs), a unit that accommodates both seated and standing patients and that has motorized vertical height adjustment should be considered. For facilities that perform primarily routine dental radiography, an intraoral unit should be considered. A digital system may be useful if immediate image analyses for endodontics and implantation planning are performed frequently. Initial costs of digital systems range from approximately $7,000 for intraoral sensor systems with software to more than $60,000 for panoramic systems that include computers, software, and x-ray generators; however, reports indicate that costs are coming down. Additional ongoing costs associated with film-based dental radiography for film and film processing, processing chemicals and equipment, film storage, and record keeping can be considerable, depending on the number of patients treated, but can be circumvented by purchasing a digital radiography system.
Bibliography
Analoui M. Digital diagnostic imaging: today and tomorrow. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999 Jan;28(1):56-8. Anderson T. Dental radiology for the new millennium. J Colo Dent Assoc 1999 Spring;78(2):25-30. Arana E, Marti-Bonmati L. Digital dental radiology: a summary. Dentistry On-Line RVG 1 [online]. 1996 [cited 1997 Aug 15]. Available from Internet: http://www.priory.com/den/dentrvg1.htm. Bushong SC. Radiologic science for technologists: physics, biology, and protection. 5th ed. St. Louis: MosbyYear Book; 1993. Curry TS 3rd, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr. Christensens physics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1990.

Farman AG, Farman TT. Panoramic dental radiography using a charge-coupled device receptor. J Digit Imaging 1998 Aug;11(3 Suppl 1):166-8. Farman TT, Farman AG. Clinical trial of panoramic dental radiography using a CCD receptor. J Digit Imaging 1998 Aug;11(3 Suppl 1):169-71. Goldstein A. Exposure and dose in panoramic radiology. Med Phys 1998 Jun;25(6):1033-40. Hadley JN. Filmless radiology now and in the future. J Calif Dent Assoc 1998 Oct;26(10):774-6. Jefferies D, Morris JW, White VP. kVp meter errors induced by plastic wrap. J Dent Hyg 1991 Feb;65(2):91-3. Lecomber AR, Faulkner K. Dose reduction in panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993 May;22(2):69-73. Lecomber AR, Faulkner K. Organ absorbed doses in intraoral dental radiography. Br J Radiol 1993 Nov;66(791):1035-41. Molteni R. Direct digital dental x-ray imaging with Visualix/VIXA. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993 Aug;76(2):235-43. Mondou D, Bonnet E, Coudert JL, et al. Criteria for the assessment of intrinsic performances of digital radiographic intraoral sensors. Acad Radiol 1996 Sep;3(9):751-7. Nelvig P, Wing K, Welander U. Sens-A-Ray: a new system for direct digital intraoral radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992 Dec;74(6):818-23. Otis L, Mupparapu M, Mozaffari E. Digital radiography: state of the art. Penn Dent J (Phila) 2000 Nov-Dec;67(6):33-4, 42-3. Parks ET, Miles DA, Van Dis ML, et al. Effects of filtration, collimation, and target-receptor distance on artificial approximal enamel lesion detection with the use of RadioVisioGraphy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Apr;77(4):419-26. Pass B, Furkart AJ, Dove SB, et al. 6-bit and 8-bit digital radiography for detecting simulated periodontal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Apr;77(4):406-11. Reid JA, MacDonald JC, Dekker TA, et al. Radiation exposures around a panoramic dental x-ray unit. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993 Jun;75(6): 780-2. Shrout MK, Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW. Alignment errors in bitewing radiographs using uncoupled positioning devices. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993 Feb;22(1):33-7. Welander U, McDavid WD, Morner AC, et al. Absolute measures of image quality for the Sens-A-Ray direct digital intraoral radiography system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1995 Sep;80(3):345-50. Welander U, McDavid WD, Sanderink GC, et al. Resolution as defined by line spread and modulation transfer functions for four digital intraoral radiographic systems. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Jul;78(1):109-15. Wenzel A. Sensor noise in direct digital imaging (the RadioVisioGraphy, Sens-a-Ray, and Visualix/Vixa systems) evaluated by subtraction radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Jan;77(1):70-4. Whaites E, Brown J. An update on dental imaging. Br Dent J 1998 Aug 22;185(4):166-72. Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H, et al. Correction of background noise in direct digital dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996 Nov;25(5);256-62.
Standards and guidelines

Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that the following list is comprehensive, please note that other applicable standards may exist. American Dental Association/American National Standards Institute. Dental x-ray equipment and accessory devices [standard]. 1974 (reaffirmed 1987). Intraoral dental radiographic film [standard]. 1969. Recommendations in radiographic practices: an update, 1988. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. J Am Dent Assoc 1989 Jan;118(1):115-7. British Standards Institution. Method for determination of ISO speed and average gradient of direct-exposure medical and dental radiographic film/ process combinations [standard]. BS 6358. 1983. Specification for sizes of film for dental radiography [standard]. BS 2585. 1975. Canadian Dental Association. Considerations re: control of radiation in the dental office [guideline]. 1999. Environmental Health Program. Safety code 30: radiation protection in dentistry recommended safety procedures for the use of dental x-ray equipment. H46-2/94-177E. 1994 (revised 2000).

International Electrotechnical Commission. Evaluation and routine testing in medical imaging departments part 2-5: constancy tests image display devices [standard]. IEC 61223-2-5 (1994-03). 1994. Evaluation and routine testing in medical imaging departments part 3-4: acceptance tests: imaging performance of dental x-ray equipment [standard]. IEC 61223-3-4 (2000-03). 2000. International Electrotechnical Commission. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety [standard]. IEC 60601-1 (1988-12). 1988. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard]. IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard]. IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral standard: safety requirements for medical electrical systems. IEC 60601-1-1 (1992-06). 1992. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral standard: safety requirements for medical electrical systems. Amendment 1 [standard]. IEC 60601-1-1-am1 (199511). 1995. Medical electrical equipment part 1: general requirements for safety. Section 2. Collateral standard: electromagnetic compatibility requirements and tests. IEC 60601-1-2 (2001-09). 2001. Medical electrical equipment part 2: particular requirements for the safety of high-voltage generators of diagnostic x-ray generators [standard]. IEC 606012-7 (1998-02). 1998. X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis characteristics of focal spots [standard]. IEC 60336 (1993-07). 1993. International Organization for Standardization. Photography direct-exposing medical and dental radiographic film/process systems: determination of ISO speed and ISO average gradient [standard]. 2nd ed. ISO 5799:1991. 1991. Photography intra-oral dental radiographic film: specification [standard]. 1st ed. ISO 3665:1996. 1976 (revised 1996). National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Dental x-ray protection [recommendation]. 35. 1970. National Radiological Protection Board for the United Kingdom. NRPB 1994 guidelines on radiology standards in primary dental care. 1994;5(3). Standards Association of Australia. Dental radiographic film [standard]. AS 1139-1985. 1985. Fixed diagnostic x-ray equipment design, construction and installation safety requirements [standard]. AS 2398(int):1994. 1994. World Health Organization. Manual on radiation protection in hospitals and general practice volume 4: radiation protection in dentistry [guideline]. 1150111. 1977.
Citations from other ECRI publications Supplier information

Chart A: Dental Radiographic Units AFP Imaging/Dent-X AFP Imaging Corp [103696] 250 Clearbrook Rd Elmsford NY 10523-1315 Phone: (914) 592-6100, (800) 592-6666 Fax: (914) 592-6148 E-mail: marketing@afpimaging.com Internet: http://www.afpimaging.com Asahi Roentgen Asahi Roentgen Ind Co Ltd [174092] 376-3 Tsukiyama-cho Kuze Minami-ku Kyoto 601-8203 Japan Phone: 81 (75) 9214330 Fax: 81 (75) 9216675 E-mail: nakamura@asahi-xray.co.jp Internet: http://www.asahi-xray.co.jp Aztech The Aztech Group [355253] 1070 Century Dr Suite 201 Louisville CO 80027-1695 Phone: (303) 443-1693 Fax: (303) 443-1831 Belmont Equipment Belmont Equipment Corp [102218] 101 Belmont Dr Somerset NJ 08873-1204 Phone: (732) 469-5000, (800) 223-1192 E-mail: belmontequip@worldnet.att.net Internet: http://www.belmontequip.com

Dabi Atlante Dabi Atlante S/A [174217] Avenida Pres Castelo Branco 2525 Caixa Postal 479 14095-000 Ribeirao Preto-SP Brazil Phone: 55 (16) 6291000 Fax: 55 (16) 6290166 E-mail: dabiatlante@dabiatlante.com Internet: http://www.dabiatlante.com Gnatus Gnatus Equipamentos Medico-Odontologicos Ltda [174378] Rodovia Abrao Assed Km 53 & 450m Caixa Postal 782 14097-500 Ribeirao-Preto-SP Brazil Phone: 55 (16) 6293377 Fax: 55 (16) 6290771 E-mail: gnatus@gnatus.com Internet: http://www.gnatus.com Hans O Mahn DNTLworks DNTLworks Equipment Corp [356261] 15504 E Hinsdale Circle Unit B Englewood CO 80112 Phone: (303) 693-1410, (800) 847-0694 Fax: (303) 693-6189 E-mail: info@dntlworks.com Internet: http://www.dntlworks.com Hans O Mahn & Co [346049] Brookstieg 4 D-22145 Hamburg/Stapelfeld Germany Phone: 49 (40) 23700850 Fax: 49 (40) 237008450 E-mail: x-ray@mahn.net Internet: http://www.maco-x-ray.de Imaging Sciences Gendex Dentsply International Inc Gendex Dental X-Ray Div [321292] 901 W Oakton St Des Plaines IL 60018-1884 Phone: (847) 640-4800, (800) 800-2888 Fax: (847) 640-6165 E-mail: customerservice@gendexxray.com Internet: http://www.gendexxray.com Dentsply Italia srl Gendex Div [399192] via A Manzoni 44 I-20095 Cusano Milanino MI Italy Phone: 39 (02) 6180081 Fax: 39 (02) 61800809 E-mail: info@dentsply-it.com Internet: http://www.dentsply.it Gendex Dental Systeme [328368] Hamburg Innovation Park Albert-Einstein-Ring 13 D-22761 Hamburg Germany Phone: 49 (40) 8996880 Fax: 49 (40) 89968819 Imaging Sciences International Inc [271247] 1910 N Penn Rd Hatfield PA 19440 Phone: (215) 997-5666, (800) 205-3570 Fax: (215) 997-5667 E-mail: info@imagingsciences.com Internet: http://www.imagingsciences.com Instrumentarium Instrumentarium Corp Diagnostic Imaging Div [182844] Kuortaneenkatu 2 Posti Loaero 100 FIN-00031 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (10) 39411 Fax: 358 (9) 1463515 E-mail: info@imaging.imtg.fi Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.fi Instrumentarium Imaging Dental GmbH [359986] Siemensstrasse 12 Postfach 2044 Kehl am Rhein D-77694 Germany Phone: 49 (7851) 93290 Fax: 49 (7851) 932930 Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.fi/imaging

Instrumentarium Imaging Inc [107685] 300 W Edgerton Ave Milwaukee WI 53207-6025 Phone: (414) 747-1030, (800) 558-6120 Fax: (414) 481-8665 E-mail: info@usa.instrumentarium.com Internet: http://www.usa.instrumentarium.com J Morita Corp (Thailand) [321046] 2991/42 Visuthanee Hi-Tech Office Park Ladprao Rd Klongchan Bangkapi Bangkok 10240 Thailand Phone: 66 (2) 3701333 Fax: 66 (2) 3701340 E-mail: jmcta@ksc.th.com Internet: http://www.jmorita.com J Morita Europe GmbH [322778] Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 27a D-63128 Dietzenbach FR Germany Phone: 49 (6074) 8360 Fax: 49 (6074) 836299 E-mail: info@jmoritaeurope.de Internet: http://www.jmoritaeurope.de Panoramic Kinki Kinki Roentgen Industrial Co Ltd [174105] 259 Kamidachiuri-agaru Muromachi-dori Kamikyo-ku Kyoto 602-0029 Japan Phone: 81 (75) 4413234 Fax: 81 (75) 4150364 E-mail: katsobe@mbox.koyoto-inet.or.jp Panoramic Corp [358510] 4321 Goshen Rd Fort Wayne IN 46818 Phone: (219) 489-2291, (800) 654-2027 Fax: (219) 489-5683 E-mail: sales@pancorp.com Internet: http://www.pancorp.com Planmeca Planmeca GmbH [178486] Hindenburg Strasse 158 D-22297 Hamburg Germany Phone: 49 (40) 51320633 Fax: 49 (40) 51320634 E-mail: rijkebo@attglobal.net Internet: http://www.planmed.com Planmeca Inc [177900] 1250 Greenbriar Dr Suite A Addison IL 60101-1094 Phone: (630) 953-2368 Fax: (630) 953-2405 E-mail: sales@planmeca.com Internet: http://www.planmeca.com Planmeca Oy [162459] Asentajankatu 6 FIN-00810 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (9) 75905500 Fax: 358 (9) 75905555 E-mail: sales@planmeca.com Internet: http://www.planmeca.com
Keystone X-Ray Keystone X-Ray Inc [107371] 1910 N Penn Rd Hatfield PA 19440 Phone: (215) 997-5666, (800) 205-3570 Fax: (215) 977-5667 E-mail: info@imagingsciences.com Internet: http://www.imagingsciences.com
MinXray MinXray Inc [103109] 3611 Commercial Ave Northbrook IL 60062-1822 Phone: (847) 564-0323, (800) 221-2245 Fax: (847) 564-9040 E-mail: info@minxray.com Internet: http://www.minxray.com
J Morita J Morita Corp [288539] 33-18 3-Chrome Tarumi-cho Suita-Shi Osaka 564-8650 Japan Phone: 81 (6) 63801521 Fax: 81 (6) 63800585 E-mail: info@jmorita.com Internet: http://www.morita.com

Satelec Satelec [157041] Zone Industrielle du Phare boite postale 216 F-33708 Merignac Cedex France Phone: 33 (556) 340607 Fax: 33 (556) 349292 E-mail: dissectron@satelec.com Internet: http://www.satelec-medical.com Satelec-Pierre Rolland Beijing Representative Office [290888] 2-17-2 Room Jinghua Apartment No 24 Jianguo Men Wai Street 100022 Beijing Peoples Republic of China Phone: 86 (10) 65150956 Satelec-Pierre Rolland GmbH [391386] Industriestrasse 9 D-40822 Mettmann Germany Phone: 49 (2104) 956510 Fax: 49 (2104) 956511 E-mail: info@satelec-pr.de Internet: http://www.satelec.de Sirona Sirona Dental Systems GmbH [354569] Fabrikstrasse 31 D-64625 Bensheim Germany Phone: 49 (6251) 160 Fax: 49 (6251) 162591 E-mail: contact@sirona.de Internet: http://www.sirona.de Sirona USA [360011] 1200 A Westinghouse Blvd Charlotte NC 28273 Phone: (704) 587-0453, (800) 659-5977 Fax: (704) 587-9394 E-mail: marketing@sirona.com Internet: http://www.sirona.com Soredex Soredex Inc [156431] 2150 New Market Pkwy SE Suite 110 Marietta GA 30067-8767 Phone: (770) 226-0500, (800) 235-8854 Fax: (770) 226-0511 Internet: http://www.soredexusa.com Villa Sistemi Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442] via delle Azalee 3 I-20090 Buccinasco MI Italy Phone: 39 (02) 488591 Fax: 39 (02) 4881844 E-mail: vsminfo@villasm.com Internet: http://www.villasm.com Yoshida/Kaycor AFP Imaging Corp [103696] 250 Clearbrook Rd Elmsford NY 10523-1315 Phone: (914) 592-6100, (800) 592-6666 Fax: (914) 592-6148 E-mail: marketing@afpimaging.com Internet: http://www.afpimaging.com The Yoshida Dental Mfg Co Ltd [139274] 1-3-6 Kotobashi Sumida-ku Tokyo 130 Japan Phone: 81 (3) 36312165 Soredex Orion Corp [156432] Nilsiankatu 10-14 Posti Loaero 79 FIN-00511 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (9) 39371 Fax: 358 (9) 7015261 E-mail: jarto.luotola@soredex.orion.fi Internet: http://www.soredex.com Trophy Radiologie TREXtrophy/Trophy Dental [350752] 4-B W Kenosia Ave Danbury CT 06810 Phone: (203) 730-8333, (800) 667-1780 Fax: (203) 730-8499 E-mail: info@trophydental.net Internet: http://www.trophy-imaging.com Trophy Radiologie (France) [151034] 4 rue Fernand Pelloutier Croissy Beaubourg F-77437 Marne la Vallee Cedex 2 France Phone: 33 (1) 64808500 Fax: 33 (1) 64808506 E-mail: jminglese@trophy-imaging.com Internet: http://www.trophy-imaging.com
10

Chart B: Digital Dental Radiography Systems Instrumentarium Imaging Dental GmbH [359986] Siemensstrasse 12 Postfach 2044 Kehl am Rhein D-77694 Germany Phone: 49 (7851) 93290 Fax: 49 (7851) 932930 Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.fi/imaging Instrumentarium Imaging Inc [107685] 300 W Edgerton Ave Milwaukee WI 53207-6025 Phone: (414) 747-1030, (800) 558-6120 Fax: (414) 481-8665 E-mail: info@usa.instrumentarium.com Internet: http://www.usa.instrumentarium.com Planmeca Planmeca GmbH [178486] Hindenburg Strasse 158 D-22297 Hamburg Germany Phone: 49 (40) 51320633 Fax: 49 (40) 51320634 E-mail: rijkebo@attglobal.net Internet: http://www.planmed.com Planmeca Inc [177900] 1250 Greenbriar Dr Suite A Addison IL 60101-1094 Phone: (630) 953-2368 Fax: (630) 953-2405 E-mail: sales@planmeca.com Internet: http://www.planmeca.com Planmeca Oy [162459] Asentajankatu 6 FIN-00810 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (9) 75905500 Fax: 358 (9) 75905555 E-mail: sales@planmeca.com Internet: http://www.planmeca.com QR QR srl [322334] via Silvestrini 20 I-37135 Verona VR Italy Phone: 39 (045) 8202727 Fax: 39 (045) 8203040 E-mail: info@qrverona.it Internet: http://www.qrverona.it
AFP Imaging/Dent-X AFP Imaging Corp [103696] 250 Clearbrook Rd Elmsford NY 10523-1315 Phone: (914) 592-6100, (800) 592-6666 Fax: (914) 592-6148 E-mail: marketing@afpimaging.com Internet: http://www.afpimaging.com
Gendex Dentsply International Inc Gendex Dental X-Ray Div [321292] 901 W Oakton St Des Plaines IL 60018-1884 Phone: (847) 640-4800, (800) 800-2888 Fax: (847) 640-6165 E-mail: customerservice@gendexxray.com Internet: http://www.gendexxray.com Dentsply Italia srl Gendex Div [399192] via A Manzoni 44 I-20095 Cusano Milanino MI Italy Phone: 39 (02) 6180081 Fax: 39 (02) 61800809 E-mail: info@dentsply-it.com Internet: http://www.dentsply.it Gendex Dental Systeme [328368] Hamburg Innovation Park Albert-Einstein-Ring 13 D-22761 Hamburg Germany Phone: 49 (40) 8996880 Fax: 49 (40) 89968819
Instrumentarium Instrumentarium Corp Diagnostic Imaging Div [182844] Kuortaneenkatu 2 Posti Loaero 100 FIN-00031 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (10) 39411 Fax: 358 (9) 1463515 E-mail: info@imaging.imtg.fi Internet: http://www.instrumentarium.fi
11

R=I+S Rapp Informatik Systeme GmbH [378110] Rosenbhlstrasse 24 D-89182 Bernstadt Germany Phone: 49 (7348) 7755 Fax: 49 (7348) 6086 E-mail: info@rapp-informatik.de Internet: http://www.rapp-informatik.de Schick Technologies Schick Technologies Inc [328759] 31-00 47th Ave Long Island City NY 11101 Phone: (718) 937-5765, (888) 818-4263 Fax: (718) 937-5962 E-mail: support@schicktech.com Internet: http://www.schicktech.com Sirona Sirona Dental Systems GmbH [354569] Fabrikstrasse 31 D-64625 Bensheim Germany Phone: 49 (6251) 160 Fax: 49 (6251) 162591 E-mail: contact@sirona.de Internet: http://www.sirona.de Sirona USA [360011] 1200 A Westinghouse Blvd Charlotte NC 28273 Phone: (704) 587-0453, (800) 659-5977 Fax: (704) 587-9394 E-mail: marketing@sirona.com Internet: http://www.sirona.com Soredex Soredex Inc [156431] 2150 New Market Pkwy SE Suite 110 Marietta GA 30067-8767 Phone: (770) 226-0500, (800) 235-8854 Fax: (770) 226-0511 Internet: http://www.soredexusa.com Soredex Orion Corp [156432] Nilsiankatu 10-14 Posti Loaero 79 FIN-00511 Helsinki Finland Phone: 358 (9) 39371 Fax: 358 (9) 7015261 E-mail: jarto.luotola@soredex.orion.fi Internet: http://www.soredex.com Trophy Radiologie TREXtrophy/Trophy Dental [350752] 4-B W Kenosia Ave Danbury CT 06810 Phone: (203) 730-8333, (800) 667-1780 Fax: (203) 730-8499 E-mail: info@trophydental.net Internet: http://www.trophy-imaging.com Trophy Radiologie (France) [151034] 4 rue Fernand Pelloutier Croissy Beaubourg F-77437 Marne la Vallee Cedex 2 France Phone: 33 (1) 64808500 Fax: 33 (1) 64808506 E-mail: jminglese@trophy-imaging.com Internet: http://www.trophy-imaging.com
About the chart specifications

Chart A lists specifications on dental radiographic units; Chart B lists specifications on digital dental radiography systems. Some manufacturers units that are sold with integral digital systems are listed in both Chart A and Chart B. The following term is used in the charts: Focal spot size, mm: The size in millimeters of the area on the anode that is bombarded by electrons and from which x-rays are produced. Abbreviations: AEC Automatic exposure control AP Anteroposterior ARO After receipt of order CCD Charge-coupled device CD Compact disc CE mark Conformite Europeene mark CFR Code of Federal Regulations CSA Canadian Standards Association DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard dpi Dots per inch EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EN European Norm ETL ETL Testing Laboratories FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
12

GMP Good manufacturing practices HU Heat units IEC International Electrotechnical Commission ISO International Organization for Standardization kJ Kilojoule kV Kilovoltage kVp Peak kilovoltage LAN Local area network LCD Liquid crystal display LED Light-emitting diode mA Milliampere MDD Medical Devices Directive MOD Magneto-optical disk MTF Modulation transfer function NRPB National Radiological Protection Board for the United Kingdom PA Posteroanterior PC Personal computer PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt SEV Schweizerischer Electrotechnischer Verein SID Source-to-image distance SNR Signal-to-noise ratio SPRI Swedish Planning and Rationalization Institute SVGA Super Video Graphics Array TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TMJ Temporomandibular joint UL Underwriters Laboratories WORM Write once, read many
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers specifications and have not been verified through independent testing by ECRI or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes. ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse consequences of acting on such information.
When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not, some may be optional, at additional cost. For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change often.
Need to know more?

For further information about the contents of this Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1 (610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or hpcs@ecri.org (e-mail).
13
Chart A: Dental Radiographic Units

MODEL AFP IMAGING/DENT-X Image-x 70 Plus System WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIE Worldwide No Yes Panoramic ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIECM Worldwide No Yes Panoramic, cephalometric ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIN Worldwide No No Panoramic
X-RAY TUBE ANODE Type Minimum total filtration, mm Al Heat capacity, HU Focal spot size, mm X-RAY GENERATOR Type
Stationary, optional mobile 2.5 30,000 0.8 x 0.8 AC, microprocessor controlled
Stationary
Stationary
Stationary
2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 Self-rectified
2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 Self-rectified
2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 High frequency (80 kHz)
AEC kV range mA range Exposure time, sec
Not specified 70 8 0.02-3.2
No 60-90 10 12 panoramic
No 60-90 10 12 panoramic, 0.33.2 cephalometric 490 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric
No 60-90, 1 kV steps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 7; 12 panoramic
SID, mm AVAILABLE FILM SIZES
160-180 All intraoral
490 15 x 30 cm panoramic
MAGNIFICATION SYSTEM CAPABILITIES TMJ Cephalometric Others
1.2x
1.2-1.25x panoramic
1.2-1.25x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric Yes Yes TMJ lateral (4 views)
1.2-1.25x panoramic
Yes No All intraoral
Yes No TMJ lateral (4 views)
Yes No TMJ lateral (4 views), optional cross-section tomography, TMJ frontal (2 views)
PATIENT TYPES Adult Pediatric Seated Standing PATIENT POSITIONING
Yes Yes Yes No Digital display, angle indicators, anatomical display
Yes Yes No Yes Triple light beam
Yes Yes No Yes Triple light beam
Yes Yes No Yes 4 beams with auto focus
Colons separate data on similar models of a device.
This is the first of two pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next page.
14

MODEL AFP IMAGING/DENT-X Image-x 70 Plus System AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER NA ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIE ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIECM ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIIN
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, preprogrammable, touchpanel, help messages, etc. Front anatomical digital display
Sheet switch, 7-segment LED indicator On rotation unit
Sheet switch, 7-segment LED indicator On rotation unit
Sheet switch, LCD
Location
On rotation unit
POWER REQUIREMENTS VAC; Hz Current, A Power, W SPACE REQUIRED, cm
110/220; 50/60 7 Not specified Not specified
100-120 10, 200240 20; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 87 x 102
100-120 10, 200240 20; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 184.5 x 102
90-132, 180-264; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 87 x 102
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg OPTIONAL FEATURES
35 3 horizontal arms: short, standard, and long; mobile wheeled stand
220 Not specified
250 Not specified
195 TMJ frontal (2 views), crosssection tomography
LIST PRICE
$4,880
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
WARRANTY
2 years
1 year
1 year
1 year
DELIVERY TIME, ARO YEAR FIRST SOLD NUMBER SOLD Worldwide/USA FISCAL YEAR OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
2 weeks 1999 2,000/500 July to June The x-ray timer will operate 2 x-ray heads.
5-6 weeks 1989 Not specified July to June None specified.
15

MODEL ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIINCM WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide No No Panoramic, cephalometric ASAHI ROENTGEN AZ 3000 Worldwide No No Multiorbit tomographic, panoramic ASAHI ROENTGEN AZ 3000CM Worldwide No No Multiorbit tomographic, panoramic, cephalometric Stationary AZTECH AZTECH 65 : AZTECH 70 Canada, USA Yes No Intraoral
Stationary
Stationary
Stationary, mobile
2 Not specified 0.8 Microprocessor controlled
No 60-90, 1 kV steps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 7, 12 panoramic, 0.1-3.2 cephalometric 490 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric
Yes 60-100, 1 kV steps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 15 panoramic, 5 tomographic 514.5 15 x 30 cm panoramic, optional 16.5 cm tomographic
Yes 60-100, 1 kV steps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 15 panoramic, 5 tomographic, 0.13.2 cephalometric 514.5 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric, optional 16.5 cm tomographic 1.2-1.25x panoramic, 1.1x ceph, 1.6x tomo Yes Yes Quarter LA, half PA, & oblique maxillary sinus TMJ; 3-orbit scanography; 3-orbit multilayer tomo; horizontal, vertical ceph (PA, LA, 45deg) Yes Yes No Yes Motorized triple light beam
Not specified 65 : 70 8 0.03-3 : 0.002-3.2
Not specified All intraoral
1.2-1.25x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric Yes Yes TMJ lateral (4 views), optional cross-section tomography, TMJ frontal (2 views)
1.2-1.25x panoramic, 1.6x tomographic Yes No Quarter LA, half PA, & oblique maxillary sinus TMJ; 3-orbit scanography; 3-orbit multilayer tomo; horizontal, vertical ceph (PA, LA, 45deg) Yes Yes No Yes Motorized triple light beam
Not specified
No No Not specified : 1
Yes Yes No Yes 4 beams with auto focus
Yes Yes Yes Yes Manual
16

MODEL ASAHI ROENTGEN Auto IIINCM AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER ASAHI ROENTGEN AZ 3000 ASAHI ROENTGEN AZ 3000CM AZTECH AZTECH 65 : AZTECH 70 No
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
CONTROL PANEL
Sheet switch, LCD
Touchpanel, graphic LCD
Touchpanel, graphic LCD
Digital display : Digital display with icons
Location
On rotation unit
On rotation unit
On rotation unit
Control box, tube support arm
90-132, 180-264; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 188.5 x 102
100-120, 200-240 10%; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 118.4 x 129.5
100-120, 200-240 10%; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 192.7 x 129.5
120; 60 Not specified Not specified Wall mounted or mobile 40.8 : Not specified Remote mounting kits : Remote button (doorbell)
220 TMJ frontal (2 views), crosssection tomography
220 Not specified
250 Not specified
LIST PRICE
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
$3,960 : $4,800
WARRANTY
1 year
1 year
1 year
2 years
5-6 weeks 1994 Not specified July to June Automatic orbit computed system; manually programmed orbit system.
5-6 weeks 1994 Not specified July to June Automatic orbit computed system; manually programmed orbit system.
2 weeks 1995 : 1999 3,500 : 1,000 total January to December Meets requirements of CSA; UL listed.
17

MODEL BELMONT EQUIPMENT 096-BELRAY WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Canada, USA Yes No Intraoral BELMONT EQUIPMENT X-CALIBER EX-1000 : EX-2000 Canada, Japan, USA Yes No Panoramic, TMJ : Panoramic, cephalometric, TMJ Stationary DABI ATLANTE Spectro 70X : 70X Seletronic Wordwide, except USA No No Intraoral DNTLWORKS IRIX 70CCX Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
Stationary
Stationary
Stationary
2.1 @ 70 kVp Not specified 0.8 x 0.8 AC, self-rectified
2.6 Not specified 0.5 x 1 AC, self-rectified
2.7 7 kJ, anode 0.8 x 0.8 Constant potential
2.5 Not specified 0.7 (IEC 336) Self-rectified AC, microprocessor controlled No 70 8 0.02-1.17
Not specified 70 10 0.2-3
Not specified 60-90 10 12 panoramic, 15 TMJ mode Not specified 20 x 25, 15 x 30 cm
204, 305 All intraoral
490 (354 x 354 mm x-ray coverage) Standard intraoral
200, 300 All intraoral
Not specified
1.25x
Not specified
NA
No No Intraoral
Yes No : Yes Panoramic
No No No
No No Bitewing and occlusal exposures
Yes Yes Yes Yes Short and long cones
Yes Yes Yes Yes Triple light beam system, digital display
Yes Yes Yes No No
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
18

MODEL BELMONT EQUIPMENT 096-BELRAY AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER BELMONT EQUIPMENT X-CALIBER EX-1000 : EX-2000 Yes DABI ATLANTE Spectro 70X : 70X Seletronic Rectangular collimator Preprogrammable DNTLWORKS IRIX 70CCX
No
Removable
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, touchpanel, programmable Not specified
Digital display, touchpanel
Digital display, flat touchpanel, memory functions, autodiagnostics Front panel, optional remote
Location
On rotation housing
Console
120; 60 10.8-11.9 Not specified 121.9 x 88.9
110-130; 60 Not specified Not specified 121.9 x 152.4
110/220; 50/60 15 @ 110 VAC, 10 @ 220 VAC 0.95 kVA 3m

2
100/110/120/230; 50/60 10 Not specified 79 x 79 x 140, total reach 82 24 Mobile (portable is standard)
Not specified Long cone
191 Cephalometric capability
75 None
LIST PRICE
$4,600
$24,500-31,500
$940 column, $995 wall-mounted : $999 column, $1,032 wall-mounted 2 years
$6,600
WARRANTY
2 years
2 years
2 years, system; 10 years prorated, tubehead 30 days 1992 Not specified January to December Portable unit; optional mobile configuration. Meets requirements of CSA, EMC, and UL.
3 weeks 1997 Not specified January to December Meets requirements of CSA; UL listed.
3 weeks 1991 Not specified January to December Meets requirements of CSA and ETL; UL listed.
30 days 1978 : 2001 16,772 (2000-01)/NA June to May Available with analog or digital timer; available in wall-mount or mobile configuration. Meets requirements of NBR IEC 601 and ISO 9002.
19

MODEL GENDEX GX-770 WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Canada, USA Yes No Intraoral GENDEX GX-Pan Worldwide Yes No Panoramic GENDEX Oralix AC Worldwide, except Canada and USA No Yes Intraoral GENDEX Oralix 765 DC Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
Stationary
Stationary
Cylindrical
Stationary
1.5 7,000 0.6 AC, half-wave rectified
2.5 29,000 0.9 AC, half-wave rectified
2 (Al equivalent) 7,000 0.7 (IEC 336/1982) AC
2.6 7,000 Not specified Constant potential, 45 kHz
Not specified 70 7 0.5
Not specified 70-98 4 18
Not specified 65 7.5 0.08-2.5 DENS-O-MAT, 0.05-3.2 SECONDENT 250 Standard intraoral
Not specified 65 7 0.01-2 (R10 scale)
200-300 Standard intraoral
Not specified 12.5 x 30 cm
200-300 Standard intraoral
NA
Not specified
NA
NA
No No No
Yes No Not specified
No No No
No No No
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
Yes Yes No Yes Mechanical
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
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MODEL GENDEX GX-770 AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER GENDEX GX-Pan GENDEX Oralix AC GENDEX Oralix 765 DC
NA
NA
No
No
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display
Digital touchpanel, anatomic programming
Flat panel with touchkeys, objectoriented selection
Digital display, preprogrammable
Location
Integral
Small-size remote
Timer unit, remote installable
On main unit or remote mounted
105-230; 50/60 10 1,150 13 x 118 x 118
105-230; 50/60 8.8 1,012 119 x 124 x 236
110/220/240; 50/60 6.8 @ 110 VAC, 5.5 @ 220/240 VAC 1,200 Wall-mounted or mobile unit 22 Rectangular beam-limiting device
115/230; 50/60 10 1,150 124 x 118-105
54.4 Remote exposure switch or station, reduced-size (4 x 4) wall mount
363 Freestanding base
21 200-300 mm rectangular collimator
LIST PRICE
~$4,000
~$15,000
$2,500-3,500
~$5,000
WARRANTY
2 years
2 years
Not specified
2 years
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified UL listed.
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified UL listed.
Not specified Not specified Not specified/NA Not specified Meets requirements of CSA, IEC 60601-1, SEV, SPRI, and UL.
Not specified 2000 Not specified/NA Not specified Meets requirements of IEC 60601-3 and UL 2001-1.
21

MODEL GENDEX Orthoralix 9000 WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic GENDEX Orthoralix 9000 Ceph Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric GENDEX Orthoralix 9200 Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic GENDEX Orthoralix 9200 Ceph Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
2.5 (Al equivalent) 25,000 0.5 (IEC 336/1982) Constant potential, 50 kHz
Not specified 60-80, 2 kV steps 4-10 12.5 panoramic
Not specified 60-80, 2 kV steps 4-10 12.5 panoramic, 0.16-3.25 cephalometric, 13 steps 505 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 8 x 10", 18 x 24 cm cephalometric 1.23x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric Yes Yes Not specified
Yes 60-80, 2 kV steps 4-14, 1 mA steps 8-12 panoramic
Yes 60-80, 2 kV steps 4-14, 1 mA steps 8-12 panoramic, 0.16-2.5 cephalometric, 13 steps 505 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 18 x 24 cm, 30 x 24 cm cephalometric 1.23x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric Yes Yes Translan
505 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 8 x 10", 18 x 24 cm cephalometric 1.23x
1.23x
Yes Yes Not specified
Yes Yes Translan
Yes Yes Yes Yes Triple light beam, rotation arm displacement, digital display, motorized headrest
22

MODEL GENDEX Orthoralix 9000 AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER GENDEX Orthoralix 9000 Ceph GENDEX Orthoralix 9200 GENDEX Orthoralix 9200 Ceph No
No
No
No
CONTROL PANEL
Location
Flat control panel, microprocessor controlled with alphanumeric display of error messages Right side of unit
120/230; 50/60 20 @ 120 VAC, 12 @ 230 VAC Not specified 127 x 98 x 228
195 Cephalostat for TMJ, Transcan program for implants, maxillofacial kit with 6 programs $27,000-34,000
LIST PRICE
WARRANTY
2 years
2 years
20 months
20 months
4 weeks 1998 Not specified Not specified None specified.
4 weeks 1998 Not specified Not specified None specified.
90-120 days Not specified Not specified Not specified Improved orthogonality projection; software driven; universal test phantom; filmscreen sensitivity tune. Meets requirements of CSA c22.2 no.114, IEC 60601-1 and 60602-7, and UL 187.
90-120 days Not specified Not specified Not specified Improved orthogonality projection; software driven; universal test phantom; filmscreen sensitivity tune. Meets requirements of CSA c22.2 no.114, IEC 60601-1 and 60602-7, and UL 187.
23

MODEL GNATUS Timex 70 WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Not specified Yes Intraoral HANS O MAHN Orix-65 Worldwide Not specified Yes Intraoral HANS O MAHN Orix-70 Worldwide Not specified Yes Intraoral HANS O MAHN Orixgraph 90/10 Worldwide Not specified Yes Panoramic
Cylindrical
Stationary
Stationary
Not specified
2.6 Not specified 0.8 x 0.8 Constant potential
2.5 Not specified 0.8 x 0.8 (IEC) Not specified
2.5 Not specified 0.8 x 0.8 (IEC) Not specified
2.5 Not specified 0.7 x 0.7 (IEC) Electronic controlled
Not specified 70 9 0-3
Not specified 65 8 0.1-2.9/0.01-2.99
Not specified 70 8 0.1-2.9/0.01-2.99
Yes 55-90 10 maximum 15-18 panoramic
204 Standard intraoral
200/IF 55 mm diam Standard intraoral
200/IF 55 mm diam Standard intraoral
500 15 x 30 cm
NA
1.2x
1.2x
1.2x
No No Not specified
No No Intraoral
No No Intraoral
No No Intraoral
Yes Yes Yes No NA
Yes Yes Yes Yes Standard cone
Yes Yes Yes Yes Standard cone
Yes Yes Yes Yes Beam alignment, mirror bite fixation, motorized vertical movement
24

MODEL GNATUS Timex 70 AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER HANS O MAHN Orix-65 HANS O MAHN Orix-70 HANS O MAHN Orixgraph 90/10
No
No
No
Flexible cassette with bent cassette support Low voltage electronic control panel
CONTROL PANEL
Preprogrammable
Digital display, touchpanel, additional programmable and help messages Remote
Digital display, touchpanel, additional programmable and help messages Remote
Location
Console
Remote
110/220, 60; 220, 50 15 (110 VAC), 8 (220 VAC) 1,300 3 m , mobile configuration 57 column, 18 wall mount Pant arm
2
110/115/220/230; 50/60 6-10 1,100 to 1,320 VA 150 x 150 x 50
110/115/220/230; 50/60; 6-10 1,100 to 1,320 VA 150 x 150 x 50
110/120; 50/60 Not specified 770 100 x 110 x 230
40 Mobile stand, scissors arm, floorstand, digital timer, computerized timer 2,300 ($US2,118)
40 Mobile stand, scissors arm, floorstand, digital timer, computerized timer 2,400 ($US2,210)
180 Not specified
LIST PRICE
$1,080
14,000 (US$12,890)
WARRANTY
2 years
2 years
2 years
2 years
45 days 2000 ~7,500 total Not specified Single transformer (110 or 220 V) immersed in oil; expansion chamber. Meets requirements of ISO 9001 and 13489, IEC 60601, and GMP.
1 month 1989 Not specified November-October UNI EN ISO 9002, UNI CEI EN 46002.
25

MODEL HANS O MAHN Orixgraph 90/15 WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Not specified Yes Panoramic and cephalometric IMAGING SCIENCES PANOREX CMT Worldwide Yes Submitted Panoramic, cephalometric, complex motion tomo Stationary IMAGING SCIENCES PANOREX CMT PLUS Worldwide Yes No Panoramic, cephalometric, complex motion tomo Stationary INSTRUMENTARIUM OC100 ORTHO TRANS Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, linear tomographic, cephalometric Stationary, 5 target angle 2.5, 14.5 tomography 40,000 0.35-0.5 Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 75-150 kHz Yes 57-85; 60-85 ceph 2-16; 12 ceph 5.6-17.6 panoramic, 0.1-3.2 ceph, 1.6-28.8 tomographic 487 panoramic, 1,600-1,715 ceph 15 x 30 cm panoramic and tomographic; 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm, 8 x 10", 10 x 12" cephalometric 1.3x pan, 1.4x tomo, 1.08x-1.14x ceph Yes * Yes Quality assurance, retractable cassette holder, left-/righthanded operation, automatic spine compensation, sinus program ** Yes Yes Optional Yes Triple light beam system, motorized vertical movement, cephalometric with 2 ear holders and nose support
Not specified
2.5 Not specified 0.7 x 0.7 (IEC) Electronic controlled
3 24,000 0.5 x 0.5 Constant potential, 20 kHz
3 24,000 0.5 x 0.5 Constant potential, 20 kHz
Yes 55-90 15 maximum 15-18 panoramic; 0.1-3.8 cephalometric 500 panoramic, 1,700 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm 18 x 24 cm 24 x 30 cm
No 50-90 5-10 16-20, 0.2-2, 4-6 (tomography) 425 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm
No 50-90 5-10 16-20, 0.2-2, 4-6 (tomography) 820 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm
1.2x
28% panoramic, 44% tomographic Corrected angle Yes Tomographyzonography of all cranial structures
28% panoramic, 44% tomographic Corrected angle Yes Tomographyzonography of all cranial structures
No Yes Not specified
Yes Yes Yes Yes Beam alignment, mirror bite fixation, motorized vertical movement, cephalometric ***
Yes Yes Yes Yes Laser alignment beam
Yes Yes Yes Yes Laser alignment beam
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Lateral and posteroanterior, optional Ortho TMJ program. ** Optional Ortho Zone program. *** With 2 ear holders and forehead support. Also tomographic with dual laser beams and bite plate.
26

MODEL HANS O MAHN Orixgraph 90/15 AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER IMAGING SCIENCES PANOREX CMT IMAGING SCIENCES PANOREX CMT PLUS INSTRUMENTARIUM OC100 ORTHO TRANS
Flexible cassette w/bent cassette support, cephalometric * Low voltage electronic control panel
No
No
Flat cassette
CONTROL PANEL
Touchscreen monitor
PC controlled, keyboard and mouse, help messages
Digital display, preprogrammable, touchpanel, help messages Side of unit, removable
Location
Remote
Left side
Remote
110/120 50/60 Not specified 1,320 200 x 110 x 230
110/220; 50/60 16 1,800 maximum during exposure 102 x 114 x 234
110/220; 50/60 16 1,800 maximum during exposure 102 x 114 x 234
110/230; 50/60 10-15 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 190 x 100
210 Not specified
350 Touchscreen-mounted assembly, support legs, software package
375 Computer upgrade, 3 laser alignment beams, implantplanning software
205 Ortho ID filmmarking system, cephalometric grid, digital imaging **
LIST PRICE
17,500 ($US16,110)
$34,800-44,000
$49,500-55,000
$48,900
WARRANTY
2 years
1 year
1 year
1 year, unit; 2 years, tube head 3 weeks 1995 Not specified January to December Wall mount with swivel joint; exposure counter; sinus program; cephalostat with left-/right-handed operation. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
1 month 1988 Not specified November to October UNI EN ISO 9002, UNI CEI EN 46002.
4 weeks 2000 10/50 January to December None specified.
3 weeks 2001 0/3 January to December None specified.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * With flat cassette. ** Also freestanding base, remote exposure, Ortho Zone program, and Ortho TMJ programs.
27

MODEL INSTRUMENTARIUM OP100 ORTHO TRANS WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic and linear tomography INSTRUMENTARIUM ORTHOCEPH OC100 Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic and cephalometric INSTRUMENTARIUM ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH OP100 Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic KEYSTONE X-RAY Intrex VSK DC Worldwide Yes No Intraoral
Stationary, 5 target angle 2.5, 14.5 tomography 40,000 0.35-0.5 Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 75-150 kHz Yes 57-85 2-16 5.6-17.6 panoramic, 1.6-28.8 tomographic 487 panoramic 15 x 30 cm
Stationary, 5 target angle 2.5 40,000 0.35-0.5 Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 75-150 kHz Yes 57-85; 60-85 ceph 2-16; 12 ceph 5.6-17.6 panoramic, 0.1-3.2 cephalometric 487 panoramic, 1,600-1,715 ceph 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm, 8 x 10", 10 x 12" cephalometric 1.3x panoramic, 1.08x-1.14x ceph Yes * Yes Quality assurance, retractable cassette holder, left-/righthanded operation, automatic spine compensation
Stationary, 5 target angle 2.5 40,000 0.35-0.5 Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 75-150 kHz Yes 57-85 2-16 5.6-17.6
Stationary
3 16,000 0.5 Constant potential, 20 kHz
No 60-90, 5 kV steps 10 0.01-2.99
487 15 x 30 cm
406 Any periapical film
1.3x panoramic, 1.4x tomographic Yes * Optional Quality assurance, retractable cassette holder, left-/righthanded operation, automatic spine compensation, sinus program *** Yes Yes Optional Yes Triple light beam system, motorized vertical movement, tomographic with dual laser beams and bite plate
1.3x
NA
Yes * Optional Quality assurance, retractable cassette holder, left-/righthanded operation, automatic spine compensation
Yes ** Yes ** Yes **
Yes Yes Optional Yes Triple light beam system, motorized vertical movement, cephalometric with 2 ear holders and nose support
Yes Yes Optional Yes Triple light beam system, motorized vertical movement
Yes ** Yes ** Yes ** Yes ** Aiming lines on cone
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Lateral and posteroanterior, optional Ortho TMJ program. ** With optional fixtures. *** Optional Ortho Zone program.
28

MODEL INSTRUMENTARIUM OP100 ORTHO TRANS AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER INSTRUMENTARIUM ORTHOCEPH OC100 INSTRUMENTARIUM ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH OP100 Flat cassette KEYSTONE X-RAY Intrex VSK DC
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
No
CONTROL PANEL
Time select, kV select switch in 5 kV steps
Location
Front of control unit
110/230; 50/60 10-15 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 83 x 100
110/230; 50/60 10-15 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 190 x 100
110/230; 50/60 10-15 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 83 x 100
105-130/210-260; 50/60 15 1,800 maximum during exposure Wall mounted
170 Ortho ID filmmarking system, cephalostat upgrade, digital imaging *
205 Ortho ID film-marking system, linear tomography upgrade, digital imaging *
170 Ortho ID filmmarking system, cephalostat upgrade, linear tomography upgrade, digital imaging * $29,050
35.5 61" short arm, 76" long arm, arm-lock device
LIST PRICE
$41,100
$37,150
$6,280
WARRANTY
1 year, unit; 2 years, tube head 3 weeks 1995 Not specified January to December Wall mount with swivel joint; exposure counter; sinus program; exposure counter; upgradable to cephalostat and digital. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
1 year, unit; 2 years, tube head 3 weeks 1992 Not specified January to December Wall mount with swivel joint; exposure counter; sinus program; exposure counter; cephalostat with left-/righthanded operation. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
1 year, unit; 2 years, tube head 3 weeks 1992 Not specified January to December Wall mount with swivel joint; exposure counter; sinus program; exposure counter. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
2 years
2 weeks 1988 1,100/not specified January to December Meets requirements of CE, CSA, and UL.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also freestanding base, remote exposure, Ortho Zone program, and Ortho TMJ programs.
29

MODEL KINKI PANORADIX-Super WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Japan No No Panoramic, optional cephalometric MINXRAY HF70D See footnote * Yes No Intraoral MINXRAY P200D MK III See footnote * Yes No Intraoral J MORITA MAX-F1 See footnote ** No No Intraoral
Stationary, 5 target angle 2.7 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 Constant potential, microprocessor controlled Not specified 50-90 10 15 panoramic
Stationary
Stationary
Cylindrical
2 10,000 0.7 High frequency, full wave rectified, 60 kHz No 60, 65, 70 10 fixed 0.02-1.98; 99 steps
2.2 10,000 0.8 Single-phase AC, self-rectified
1.5 1,800 0.8 x 0.8 effective AC, self-rectified
No 63 fixed 12 fixed 0.08-2; 16 steps
480 panoramic, 1,650 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric
200, standard shortcone technique Standard intraoral
200, standard shortcone technique Standard intraoral
200 3 x 4 cm
1.28x to ~1.3x pan; 1.1x ceph Yes Yes Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
No No No
No No No
Not specified Not specified Not specified
Yes Yes No Yes Twin light beam system, digital display, motorized up/down
Yes Yes Yes Yes Not specified
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * China, India, North America, Russia, and South America. ** Australia, Brazil, Europe, Japan, Korea, and Thailand.
30

MODEL KINKI PANORADIX-Super AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER MINXRAY HF70D MINXRAY P200D MK III J MORITA MAX-F1
Flat cassette
No
No
No
CONTROL PANEL
Lights, rotary switch
Location
Remote mounted
Top of unit
Back of unit
Control box (remote)
100; 50/60 20 Not specified 220 x 100 x 120 pan; 220 x 200 x 120 ceph 200 panoramic, 240 cephalometric Not specified
115/230; 50/60 10 700 18.8 x 15.6 x 20.5
115/230; 50/60 10 1,200 13 x 22 x 24
100/240; 50/60 4-9 900 Not specified
4.9 Accessory stands
8.2 Accessory stands
25-50 Not specified
LIST PRICE
Y3,580,000 (US$29,823) panoramic * Not specified
$11,750 (115 VAC)
$4,250 (115 VAC)
$5,000-6,000
WARRANTY
1 years
3 years, limited
1 year
Not specified 1992 Not specified Not specified None specified.
From stock 2000 Not specified April to March Self-contained portable x-ray unit with carrying case.
From stock 1982 Not specified April to March Self-contained portable x-ray unit with carrying case.
Not specified Not specified Not specified/NA Not specified 5 attachment models available; mobile, wall-mount, floor-mount, and patient-chair configurations available; preheating method. Meets requirements of Japanese Pharmaceutical Law.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Y4,580,000 (US$38,154) cephalometric.
31

MODEL J MORITA Veraviewepocs WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric, tomographic; optional digital Cylindrical PANORAMIC PC-1000/Laser 1000 Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric PLANMECA PM 2002 CC PROLINE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric PLANMECA PROSTYLE INTRA Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
Rotating
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
2.1 16,000 0.5 x 0.5 effective Constant potential, 40 kHz
2.8 49,000 0.5 x 0.5 (IEC 336) Single-phase halfwave self-rectified
2.5 40,000 0.5 x 0.5 (IEC 336) Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 80 kHz Yes 60-80 4-12 2.5-18 panoramic, 0.2-5 cephalometric 480 panoramic, 1,600-1,700 ceph 15 x 30 cm, 12.5 x 30 cm panoramic; 8 x 10", 18 x 24 cm ceph 1.2x panoramic, 1.08x-1.13x ceph Yes Yes Ceph: lateral, AP,PA submentovertex, Waters view; Pan: sinus, horizontal/ vertical segment, PA cross-sectional, TMJ, film marking Yes Yes Yes Yes Motorized, triple laser light system, digital display, motorized handles, carbon temple supports, side entry *
2 7,000 0.7 x 0.7 (IEC 336) Constant potential, microprocessor controlled, 66 kHz NA 50-70 8 0.01-3.2
Yes 60-80, 1 kV steps 1-10, 1 mA steps 20.6 max panoramic, 0.3-4 cephalometric, 10.2 max tomographic 520 panoramic, 1,650 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric 1.3x, 1.7x pan, 1.1x ceph, 1.7x tomo Yes Yes Sinus, cross-section
Not specified 70-90 6 panoramic, 12 cephalometric 12 panoramic, 0.4-2 cephalometric 160-180 panoramic, 1,624-1,724 ceph 15 x 30 cm (6 x 12") panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric 1.2x to 1.25x
200-306 All intraoral sizes
NA
Yes Yes None specified
NA Capable Bitewing, occlusal FMX, digital
Yes Yes No Yes Autopositioning system with distance sensor, triple light beam system
Yes Yes Yes Yes Manual
Yes Yes Yes Yes Long and short cone angle indicator, anatomical display
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also has adjustable focal trough.
32

MODEL J MORITA Veraviewepocs AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER PANORAMIC PC-1000/Laser 1000 PLANMECA PM 2002 CC PROLINE PLANMECA PROSTYLE INTRA
Not specified
Not specified
Rigid flat cassette
Optional
CONTROL PANEL
LCD touchpanel, trouble ID message
Touchpanel
Location
Movement arm
Side of unit or remote switch
Digital display, preprogrammable, touchpanel, help messages, error codes * Front of unit
Digital display, preprogrammable, help messages, error codes, remote station standard Wall, remote, movable
100/230; 50/60 10-20 2,000 235.5 x 189 x 122 panoramic, 235.5 x 100 x 122 ceph 184 panoramic, 221 cephalometric None
110; 60 12 maximum 1.5 kVA 122 x 122
117, 220; 50/60 16 1,500 104 x 95 x 220 pan, 196 x 95 x 220 ceph 108 panoramic, 126 cephalometric DIMAX2 digital imaging system, Autoprint & Admark film marking, transversal slicing, TMJ, freestanding base $29,564-38,225
117; 50/60 16 1,500 NA (no floor space)
227 Cephalometric unit attachment add-on
23 (standard wall mount) DIXI2 intraoral x-ray sensor system
LIST PRICE
$27,000-60,000 depending on type
$8,995-10,995 panoramic, $12,99514,995 cephalometric 2 years, parts and labor 7-10 days 1987 12,000 total January to December Focal trough 12 mm anterior, 41 mm posterior; freestanding unit; wheelchair accessible.
$5,489-5,984
WARRANTY
1 year
1 year, unit; 2 years, tube Immediate 1989 15,500+ total February to January Adjustable focal trough shape/size; motorized primary collimator; automatic cervical vertabrae control, light positioning of cephalometric aperture, and soft-tissue filter; constant magnification; auto double TMJ. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL. **
2 years
Not specified 1997 1,000/NA April to March None specified.
Immediate 1996 12,000+ total February to January Wall, ceiling, or pass-through mount; dental unit mount; adjustable kV, 4 arm lengths; digital ready; remote control station standard; upgradable software; adjustable time. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Displays date, time, exposure time, kV, mA, chin support positioning, collimator used, ready indicator, ped/adult indicator, and size and shape of focal trough indicator. ** Pedo program and adjustable sinus.
33

MODEL SATELEC X-Mind System WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide, except USA No Yes Intraoral SIRONA HELIODENT DS Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 CEPH Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric
Stationary
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
2.5 30,000 0.7 x 0.7 AC, microprocessor controlled
1.5 7,000 0.7 (IEC 336) Multipulse, microprocessor controlled, 18 kHz No 60 7 0.01-3.2
2.5 18,500 0.5 (IEC 336) Multipulse, microprocessor controlled, 18 kHz No 60-80 10, fixed 7.8-11.3
2.5 18,500 0.5 (IEC 336) Multipulse, microprocessor controlled, 18 kHz No 60-80 10, fixed 7.8-11.3, 0.1-4
200-300 All intraoral, optional extraoral
200 All intraoral sizes
497 15 x 30 cm
497 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm; optional 24 x 30 cm
NA
Depends on distance
1.13x-1.3x
1.13x-1.3x
Yes No Bitewing and occlusal exposures
Extraoral No Bitewing and occlusal exposures
Yes Yes PA views, constant magnification, panoramic, digital sensor upgrade
Yes Yes PA views, half-axial cephalometric, constant magnification, digital sensor upgrade
Yes Yes Yes No Digital display, angle indicators
Yes Yes Yes Yes Digital display, paralleling system
Yes Yes Yes Yes Laser light beam system, motorized height adjustment, swivel mirror
Yes Yes Yes Yes Laser light beam system, motorized height adjustment, swivel mirror
34

MODEL SATELEC X-Mind System AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER SIRONA HELIODENT DS SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 CEPH
Optional
Optional, removable
Swingout cassette holder Digital display, preprogrammable, help messages, foil switch At column or remote control
Swingout cassette holder Digital display, preprogrammable, help messages, foil switch At column or remote control
CONTROL PANEL
Location
Digital display, preprogrammable, flat touchpanel, auto diagnostics, help messages ** Front anatomical timer unit, optional remote installation 100/110/220/230/240; 50/60 7 @ 100/110, 4 @ 220/230/240 750 Wall mount, optional ceiling and unit mounts 24 3 horizontal arms (short, standard, long), wheeled stand, opt rectangular collimator Not specified
Digital display, preprogrammable, help messages, 1-knob Combi-Dial * Wall, ceiling, remote, or movable
100-125/208-230; 50/60 11 880, 1,100 120 x 120 minimum for x-ray room 25, wall mounted Remote control, 12" cone, ceiling version (with SIROLUX Fantastic)
208-230; 50/60 9.7 2,100 150 x 120 x 224
208-230; 50/60 9.7 2,100 206 x 120 x 224
120 24 x 30 cm film size, remote control
132 24 x 30 cm film size, remote control
LIST PRICE
$4,800
$22,200
$28,995
WARRANTY
18 months
1 year
1 year
1 year
1 week 1991 20,000/NA January to December The x-ray timer will operate 2 x-ray heads. Meets requirements of IEC 60601-1 and 60601-2-7, NRPB, and PTB (Germany).
6 weeks 1995 Not specified October to September Multitimer; automatic exposure programs, 2 kV values. Meets requirements of all international standards.
6 weeks 1994 Not specified October to September Automatic kV increase; help messages; automatic exposure blockage; stable headrest; programmed exposure values; selection of film density. Meets requirements of all international standards.
6 weeks 1994 Not specified October to September Automatic kV increase; help messages; automatic exposure blockage; stable headrest; programmed exposure values; selection of film density. Meets requirements of all international standards.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Foil switch to automatically change to short exposure times for digital radiography. ** Memory functions, line-voltage compensation.
35

MODEL SIRONA ORTHOPHOS PLUS WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic SIRONA ORTHOPHOS PLUS CEPH Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric SOREDEX CRANEX BASEX Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic SOREDEX CRANEX C Worldwide Yes Yes Cephalometric
Fixed
Fixed
Stationary
Stationary
2.5 26,500 0.6 (IEC 336) Multipulse, microprocessor controlled, 18 kHz Yes 60-90 9-16 0.01-4
2.5 26,500 0.6 (IEC 336) Multipulse, microprocessor controlled, 18 kHz Yes 60-90 9-16 6.3-16.4
2.5 40,000 0.5 x 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 40 kHz
2.5 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 40 kHz
No 63-81 4.5-10 16 (60 Hz), 19 (50 Hz) 520 15 x 30 cm; optional adapter for 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12")
No 63-81 10 0.4-3.2
497 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm; optional 12.7 x 30.5 cm and 24 x 30 cm 1.11x-1.46x
497 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm; optional 12.7 x 30.5 cm and 24 x 30 cm 1.11x-1.46x
1,700 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm, 8 x 10", 10 x 12" 1.13x
1.3x
Yes Yes Multilayers, halfside exposures, implant exposures, paranasal tomography, anterior area w/large layer, maxillary sinus * Yes Yes Yes Yes Light beam system, digital display, swivel mirror
Yes Yes Multilayers, halfside exposures, implant exposures, paranasal tomography, anterior area w/large layer, maxillary sinus * Yes Yes Yes Yes Light beam system, digital display, swivel mirror
No No Not specified
No Yes Not specified
Yes Yes Yes Yes Double light beam system, 4-point head support system
Yes Yes Yes Yes 3-point headholder, motorized vertical movement
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also inclined lateral exposures and half-axial exposures for cephalometric; digital sensor upgrade.
36

MODEL SIRONA ORTHOPHOS PLUS AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER SIRONA ORTHOPHOS PLUS CEPH SOREDEX CRANEX BASEX SOREDEX CRANEX C
Swingout cassette holder Digital display, preprogrammable, foil switch, help messages, anomaly compensation At column or remote control
Swingout cassette holder Digital display, preprogrammable, foil switch, help messages, anomaly compensation At column or remote control
Cassette holder, flat cassette Touchpanel, LED
Cassette holder
CONTROL PANEL
Touchpanel, LED
Location
On C-arm
Center box
208-240; 50/60 14 2,800 110 x 116 x 212
208-240; 50/60 14 2,800 206 x 116 x 212
230/240; 50/60 8, slow 1,250 maximum 224 x 97 x 120
230/240; 50/60 8, slow 1,250 maximum 224 x 185 x 68
157 12.7 x 30.5 cm and 24 x 30 cm film size; remote control, transverse layers $29,995
130 12.7 x 30.5 cm and 24 x 30 cm film size; remote control, transverse layers $37,995
150 3 different chin supports, disposable bite-block covers, disposable headholder covers $15,000-29,580
120 Disposable headholder covers, 24 x 30 cm cassette size
LIST PRICE
$15,000-29,580
WARRANTY
1 year
1 year
Not specified
Not specified
6 weeks 1993 Not specified October to September Automatic exposure selection, exposure blockage, kV increase, and layer selection; x-ray atlas; anomaly function; help messages; stable headrest; programmed exposure values; selection of of film density. Meets requirements of all international standards.
6 weeks 1993 Not specified October to September Automatic exposure selection, exposure blockage, kV increase, and layer selection; x-ray atlas; anomaly function; help messages; stable headrest; programmed exposure values; selection of of film density. Meets requirements of all international standards.
Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Meets requirements of GMP, IEC, and ISO 9001.
37

MODEL SOREDEX CRANEX EXCEL : CRANEX EXCEL D WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic : Direct digital SOREDEX CRANEX EXCEL CEPH Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, cephalometric SOREDEX CRANEX TOME Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, tomographic SOREDEX CRANEX TOME CEPH Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic, tomographic, cephalometric Stationary
Stationary
Stationary, 2 tubes
Stationary
2.5 40,000 0.5 x 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 40 kHz
2.5 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 40 kHz
2.7 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 60-110 kHz
2.7 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 60-110 kHz
No 63-81 4.5-10 16 (60 Hz), 19 (50 Hz) panoramic 520 panoramic 15 x 30 cm; optional adapter for 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12") : Direct digital w/CCD (15 x 30 cm image) 1.3x
No 63-81 4.5-10 0.4-3.2 cephalometric, 16 (60 Hz), 19 (50 Hz) panoramic 520 panoramic, 1,700 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm, 8 x 10", 10 x 12", cephalometric * 1.13x cephalometric; 1.3x panoramic Yes Yes Partial panoramic images for left side, right side, and center part
No 57-85 1-10 0.3-56
No 57-85 1-10 0.3-56
560 15 x 30 cm
560 panoramic, 1,632-1,707 ceph 15 x 30 cm pan, 18 x 24 cm ceph; optional 24 x 30 cm and 8 x 10" cephalometric 1.3x, 1.5x pan; 1.09x-1.14x ceph Yes Yes Panoramic, tomogram, scanogram, sinus
1.3x, 1.5x
Yes Yes Partial panoramic images for left side, right side, and center part
Yes No Panoramic, tomogram, scanogram, sinus
Yes Yes Yes Yes See footnote **
Yes Yes Yes Yes See footnote **
Yes Yes Yes Yes 4-light-beam system, 4-point head support, motorized movement
Yes Yes Yes Yes 4-light-beam system, 4-point head support, motorized movement
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Optional adapter for 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 in) film size. ** Triple light beam system, 4-point head support system, motorized vertical movement (panoramic); 3-point head support system, motorized vertical movement (cephalometric).
38

MODEL SOREDEX CRANEX EXCEL : CRANEX EXCEL D AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER Cassette holder, flat cassette Touchpanel, digital display SOREDEX CRANEX EXCEL CEPH SOREDEX CRANEX TOME SOREDEX CRANEX TOME CEPH
Cassette holder, flat cassette Touchpanel, LED, digital display
Cassette holder
Cassette holder
CONTROL PANEL
Electroluminescent, interactive
Electroluminescent, interactive
Location
On C-arm
On C-arm
Column
Column
230/240; 50/60 8, slow 1,250 maximum 224 x 97 x 120
230/240; 50/60 8, slow 1,250 maximum 224 x 186 x 120
115/230 10%; 50/60 8/16, slow 1,400 maximum 241 x 100 x 133
115/230 10%; 50/60 8/16, slow 1,400 maximum 241 x 187 x 133
150 3 different chin supports, disposable bite-block covers, disposable headholder covers, 24 x 30 cm cassette $15,000-29,580 : Not specified
195 3 different chin supports, disposable bite-block covers, disposable headholder covers, 24 x 30 cm cassette $15,000-29,580
138 Not specified
145 Not specified
LIST PRICE
Not specified
Not specified
WARRANTY
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Spiral tomography; TMJ tomograms; cross-sectional tomograms. Meets requirements of GMP, IEC 60601-1, and ISO 9001.
Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Spiral tomography; TMJ tomograms; cross-sectional tomograms. Meets requirements of GMP, IEC 60601-1, and ISO 9001.
39

MODEL SOREDEX SCANORA WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic maxillofacial tomography TROPHY RADIOLOGIE ELITYS Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral TROPHY RADIOLOGIE IRIX 70C Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral TROPHY RADIOLOGIE IRIX 70E Worldwide Yes Not specified Intraoral
Rotating, 10 target angle 2.7 300,000 0.3 (IEC 336) High-frequency DC, 40 kHz
Stationary
Stationary
Stationary
2.5 Not specified 0.7 (IEC 336) Very-high-frequency microprocessor controlled (300 kHz) No 60-70 4-7 0.012-1.88
2.5 Not specified 0.7 (IEC 336) Self-rectified AC, microprocessor controlled No 70 8 0.02-1.17
2.5 Not specified 0.7 (IEC 336) AC, self-rectified
No 57-85 1-20 1-45
No 70 8 0.05-3.2
575 15 x 30 cm
200 All intraoral
200 All intraoral
200 All intraoral
1.2x, 1.3x, 1.7x
NA
NA
NA
Yes No Panoramic, zonogram, tomogram, scanogram, sinus; optional ear, ethmoid, upper cervical spine
Yes Yes Yes No Triple light beam system, digital display, motorized, 3-point head support
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
Yes Yes Yes Yes NA
40

MODEL SOREDEX SCANORA AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER TROPHY RADIOLOGIE ELITYS TROPHY RADIOLOGIE IRIX 70C TROPHY RADIOLOGIE IRIX 70E
Cassette holder, flat cassette Keyboard, digital display, preprogrammable Front of unit
Removable; compatible with paralleling system Digital display, flat touchpanel, memory functions, autodiagnostics Handheld or remote
Removable
Removable
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, flat touchpanel, memory functions, autodiagnostics Front panel, optional remote
1-button operation
Location
Front panel, optional remote
200/230/240; 50/60 20 3,000 maximum 214 x 173 x 148
100-130/230-240; 50/60 10 Not specified 155 x 188 x 203, total reach 23 Remote-mounted timer
100/110/120/230; 50/60 10 Not specified 137.2 x 165.1 x 188, total reach 30 Not specified
100/110/120/230; 50/60 10 Not specified 137.2 x 165.1 x 196, total reach 30 Not specified
340 Image planning PC & software, stereoimage binoculars, spare cassettes, ethnoid, ear, & cervical spine software $88,000
LIST PRICE
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
WARRANTY
Not specified
2 years, system; 10 years prorated, tubehead 7 days 1995 Not specified October to September Built-in connection with RVG intraoral digital radiography system; total reach 170, 188, or 205 cm; wall-mount, ceilingmount configuration. Meets requirements of CSA, EMC, and UL.
2 years, system; 10 years prorated, tubehead 7 days 1984 Not specified October to September Wall-mount, ceilingmount, mobile, seated, floor-mount, unit-mount configurations. Meets requirements of CSA, EMC, and UL.
2 years, system; 10 years prorated, tubehead 7 days 1984 Not specified October to September Wall-mount, ceilingmount, mobile, seated, floor-mount, unit-mount configurations.
Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December Spiral tomography; stereoscopic image pairs; lateral image; TMJ tomograms; cross-sectional and tangential tomograms. Meets requirements of GMP, IEC 60601-1, and ISO 9001.
41

MODEL TROPHY RADIOLOGIE ODONTORAMA PC WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide, except Japan and USA Not specified No Panoramic; optional cephalometric TROPHY RADIOLOGIE OrthoSlice OS500 Worldwide, except Japan and Korea Yes Yes Panoramic, tomographic, TMJ, maxillary sinus; opt ceph Stationary TROPHY RADIOLOGIE OrthoSlice OS1000 Worldwide, except Japan and Korea Yes Yes Panoramic, tomographic, TMJ, maxillary sinus; opt ceph Stationary VILLA SISTEMI EXPLOR-X 70 kV Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
Stationary
Stationary
2.5 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) AC, microprocessor controlled
2.8 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency (DC) 80 kHz, microprocessor controlled In real time 60-90 (1 kV steps) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12; 15 cephalic mode 5.2-12
2.8 Not specified 0.5 (IEC 336) High-frequency (DC) 80 kHz, microprocessor controlled In real time 60-90 (1 kV steps) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12; 15 cephalic mode 5.2-12
2 13 kJ 0.8 (IEC 336) Single phase, selfrectifying
Not specified 55-100 1-10 5.6-14.7 panoramic, 0.1-3.2 cephalometric Not specified 15 x 30 cm, 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm
No 70 8 0.04-3.2
426 15 x 30 cm (6 x 12"), 18 x 24 cm (8 x 10"), 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12") 1.23x
426 15 x 30 cm (6 x 12"), 18 x 24 cm (8 x 10"), 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12") 1.23x
200 Any periapical
1.25x
Not specified
Yes Optional Maxillary sinuses
Lateral and PA Optional Maxillary sinuses
Lateral and PA Optional Maxillary sinuses, cross-section tomography in standard
No No Not specified
Yes Yes Yes No Double light beam
Yes Yes Optional Yes 3 laser beams with real-time AEC, digital display
3 orbits 3 orbits Optional Yes 3 laser beams with real-time AEC, digital display
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
42

MODEL TROPHY RADIOLOGIE ODONTORAMA PC AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER TROPHY RADIOLOGIE OrthoSlice OS500 TROPHY RADIOLOGIE OrthoSlice OS1000 VILLA SISTEMI EXPLOR-X 70 kV
Removable cassette
Flat cassette
Flat cassette
Not specified
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, help error
Digital display, help error
Digital display, auto preprogrammed or manual exposuretime selection * Detachable with >2 m coiled cord
Location
Front panel
Back of cassette holder
Back of cassette holder
110/230; 50/60 9-18 Not specified 200 x 75 x 60
110/230; 50/60 10-15 2,000 101 x 112 x 231
110/230; 50/60 10-15 2,000 101 x 116 x 232
120/220/230/240; 50/60 6 @ 120 VAC, 4 @ 220-240 VAC 800 75, horizontal arm (wall mounted) Not specified 60-90 cm horizontal arm, mobile stand
110 Cephalometric capabilities
160 panoramic, 190 cephalometric Cephalometry digital imaging (DIGIPAN); film marking device; standing base; remote exposure Not specified
195 panoramic, 220 cephalometric Cephalometry, digital imaging (DIGIPAN); film marking device; standing base; remote exposure Not specified
LIST PRICE
Not specified
Not specified
WARRANTY
Not specified
1 year
1 year
Not specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified/NA October to September Microprocessorcontrolled rectified tubehead; automatic line-voltage regulator.
Not specified 1999 Not specified/NA October to September Wall mounted with swivel system.
Not specified 1998 Not specified/NA October to September Wall mount; AEC on cephalostat.
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified System automatically compensates for line-voltage fluctuations by changing exposure time to maintain optimum film density.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Microprocessor controlled with line-voltage compensation.
43

MODEL VILLA SISTEMI EXPLOR-X HF WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide, except USA Submitted Yes Intraoral VILLA SISTEMI ROTOGRAPH PLUS Worldwide Yes Yes (230 VAC unit) Panoramic VILLA SISTEMI ROTOGRAPH PLUS ST Worldwide Submitted Yes Panoramic VILLA SISTEMI STRATO-X Worldwide No Yes (230 VAC unit) Panoramic, optional cephalostat linear tomography Stationary
Stationary
Stationary
Stationary
2 Not specified 0.8 (IEC 336) Constant potential, microprocessor controlled No 60-70 7 0.01-2
2.5 30 kJ 0.5 (IEC 336) Single phase, selfrectifying
2.5 30 kJ 0.5 (IEC 336) Single phase, selfrectifying
2.5 total 30 kJ 0.5 (IEC 336) Constant potential, high frequency
No 60-85, 5 kV steps 10 17 adult panoramic, 14 child panoramic, 0.2-3 cephalometric 500 12.7 x 30 cm, 5 x 12" panoramic; 18 x 24 cm cephalometric; optional 24 x 30 cm 1.2x
No 60-85, 5 kV steps 10 17 adult, 14 child
No 50-80, 2 kV steps 4-10 pan; 4-12 ceph 15 panoramic; 0.2-3 cephalometric 512 panoramic, 1,650 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm panoramic; 18 x 24 cm, 24 x 30 cm, 8 x 10" cephalometric See footnote *
200 Any periapical
500 12.7 x 30 cm, 5 x 12"
Not specified
1.2x
No No Not specified
Yes Optional Not specified
No No No
Yes Optional Linear tomography, open-/closed-mouth TMJ, biaxial TMJ
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Yes Yes No Yes Double beam
Yes Yes No Yes Double beam
Yes Yes Yes Yes Front to front, 3 laser beams
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Constant, 1.24x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric, 1.37 implant.
44

MODEL VILLA SISTEMI EXPLOR-X HF AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER VILLA SISTEMI ROTOGRAPH PLUS VILLA SISTEMI ROTOGRAPH PLUS ST VILLA SISTEMI STRATO-X
Not specified
Removable curved metal cassette (panoramic) Digital microprocessor controlled with preprogrammed values for adult/child (3 sizes each) * Detachable handheld with coiled cord
Removable curved metal cassette (panoramic) Digital microprocessor controlled with preprogrammed values for adult/child (3 sizes each) * Detachable handheld with coiled cord
Flat cassette
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, auto preprogrammed or manual exposuretime selection Detachable; optional remote push button for x-ray 120/220/230/240; 50/60 8 @ 120 VAC, 4 @ 220-240 VAC 800 75, horizontal arm (wall mounted) Not specified 60-90 cm horizontal arm
Location
Digital microprocessor controlled with preprogrammed values for adult/child arch type selection Fixed
230; optional 120-220-240 9 @ 120 VAC, 5 @ 220-240 VAC 1,500 114 x 117 x 230 pan, 114 x 196 x 230 ceph 228 panoramic, 258 cephalometric 24 x 30 cm cephalometric
230; optional 120/220-240 9 @ 120 VAC, 5 @ 220-240 VAC 1,500 114 x 117 x 230
230; optional 120/220-240 10 @ 220-240 VAC 2,300 VA 120 x 130 panoramic, 130 x 190 cephalometric 135 panoramic, 150 cephalometric 24 x 30 cm cephalometric
Not specified None
LIST PRICE
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
WARRANTY
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified Not specified Not specified/NA Not specified None specified.
Not specified 1992 Not specified Not specified Automatic compensation of line-voltage fluctuation. Meets requirements of EN 60601 and collateral.
Not specified 2000 Not specified Not specified Automatic compensation of line-voltage fluctuation. Meets requirements of EN 60601 and collateral.
Not specified 1998 Not specified Not specified None specified.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Manual selection of kV available.
45

MODEL YOSHIDA/KAYCOR Panoura ULTRA Pan WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Canada, USA Yes No Panoramic YOSHIDA/KAYCOR Panoura ULTRA Pan/Ceph USA Yes No Panoramic, cephalometric
Stationary
Stationary
2.8 25,000 1x1 Single-phase AC, self-rectified
2.8 25,000 1x1 Single-phase AC, self-rectified
NA 70-90 6 16
NA 70-90 6 panoramic, 10 cephalometric 16 panoramic; 0.2-4 cephalometric 485 panoramic, 1,650 cephalometric 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric
485 15 x 30 cm
1.2x-1.29x
1.2x-1.29x
Yes Can be added Wheelchair accessible
Yes Yes Wheelchair accessible
Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 positioning lights, motor-driven vertical adjustment, auto kVp selection
Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 positioning lights, motor-driven vertical adjustment, auto kVp selection
46

MODEL YOSHIDA/KAYCOR Panoura ULTRA Pan AIMING/POSITIONING FILM HOLDER Automatically sets to starting position Digital display YOSHIDA/KAYCOR Panoura ULTRA Pan/Ceph Automatically sets to starting position (panoramic) * Digital display
CONTROL PANEL
Location
Remote mounted or handheld
Remote mounted or handheld
112-128; 60 10 1,300 86.5 x 118
112-128; 60 10 1,300 118 x 178
150 Base for freestanding installation
180 Base for freestanding installation
LIST PRICE
$21,200
$28,000
WARRANTY
2 years, system
2 years, system
From stock 1996 Not specified July to June Compact panoramic unit; software-controlled operation; 3 selectable focal trough sizes; upgradable to cephalometric capability.
From stock 1997 Not specified July to June Software-controlled operation; cephalometric arm available on left or right side.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Horizontal and vertical cassette positioning (cephalometric).
47
Chart B: Digital Dental Radiography Systems

MODEL AFP IMAGING/DENT-X Sens-A-Ray 2000 448 : 648 WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral GENDEX DenOptix Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral, panoramic, cephalometric GENDEX Orthoralix DPI Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic GENDEX Visualix/GX-S Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
IMAGING METHOD
CCD sensor
Storage phosphor
CCD sensor
Large-area intraoral CCD sensor Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 200 x 300
Bit depth 0%/50% MTF, lp/mm Shades of gray SNR IMAGE SIZES, mm
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 410 x 220 : 400 x 280
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 220 x 350, 240 x 400, 270 x 540, 310 x 410, 570 x 760, 150 x 300, 180 x 240, 127 x 305 * PC platform Pentium, Windows 95/98, NT 4.0 17" hi-res color 1024 x 768 1 GB hard disk drive, 128 MB rewritable optical disk Trackball/mouse, light pen; optional keyboard VixWin
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 150 x 300
COMPUTER SYSTEM
IBM DOS and Windows, 486 or better (not included) 14" SVGA 860 x 1024, 512 x 512 Hard disk, WORM
PC platform Pentium 400 MHz, Windows 98, ME 2000; 128 MB RAM 17" hi-res color 800 x 600 1 GB hard disk
PC platform Pentium, Windows 95/98, NT 4.0 14" hi-res color 1024 x 768 105/256 MB hard disk drive, 128 MB rewritable optical disk, 5,000-6,000 images (compressed) Trackball/mouse, light pen; optional keyboard VixWin; other software available depending on country
Monitor size, type Resolution, pixels Storage
CONTROL PANEL
Software control through PC
Trackball/mouse, light pen; optional keyboard VixWin
SOFTWARE
Sens-A-Ray
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT FEATURES
Zoom, color calibration, text annotation, image acquisition, dynamic adjustment of brightness and contrast, image data transmitted via optical fiber
Partial/total zoom, manual/automatic grayscale manipulation, spatial enhancement, filters image analysis, angle/distance measurements, reverse images, colorization, 3-D images, 16-bit images mounts
Partial/total zoom, manual/automatic grayscale manipulation, spatial enhancement, filters image analysis, angle/distance measurements, reverse images, colorization, 3-D images mounts
Partial/total zoom, manual/automatic grayscale manipulation, spatial enhancement, filters image analysis, angle/distance measurements, reverse images, colorization, 3-D images mounts
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Also 203 x 254 mm.
48

MODEL AFP IMAGING/DENT-X Sens-A-Ray 2000 448 : 648 NETWORKING Conventional Novell, Daisy Chain, parallel All with Windows drivers GENDEX DenOptix Compatible with Novell LAN, Windows NT Mitsubishi P66DE, Sony UP-D860E, Epson, any Windows compatible 100-240; 50/60 100 (2 A) 86.4 x 124.5 x 66 GENDEX Orthoralix DPI Compatible with Novell LAN, Windows NT Mitsubishi P66DE, Sony UP-D860E, Epson, any Windows compatible 100-240; 50/60 120 (3 A) 8 x 39 x 43 GENDEX Visualix/GX-S Compatible with Novell LAN, Windows NT Mitsubishi P66DE, Sony UP-D860E, Epson, any Windows compatible 100-240; 50/60 120 (3 A) 8 x 39 x 43
PRINTER
POWER REQUIREMENTS VAC; Hz Power, W H x W x D, cm
100-240; 50/60, 40 A Not specified 45.7 x 63.5 x 20.3
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg
2.7
14
OPTIONAL FEATURES
Positioning holder, sterile sleeves
Image database, optical disk drive, thermal printer
PURCHASE INFORMATION List price, std configuration
$8,895 : $9,825
$13,000-19,000
~$19,000 field upgrade * 2 years Not specified
$7,000
Warranty Delivery time, ARO Service contract, cost per year Year first sold Number sold, worldwide/USA Fiscal year OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
1 year 1 month
2 years Not specified
1 year Not specified
Not specified 1989
Not specified 1997
Not specified 2002
Not specified 1994
>3,500/not specified July to June Direct CCD with optical fiber connection. Meets requirements of IEC 60601-1, 60601-1-2, and 950.
Not specified Not specified Works with most current x-ray generators.
Not specified Not specified Also available on Orthoralix 9200.
Not specified Not specified No electrical connection with x-ray generator needed. Meets requirements of IEC 601-1.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * ~$38,000 factory installed on Orthoralix 9000.
49

MODEL INSTRUMENTARIUM OC100 D WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Direct digital cephalometric, panoramic, 3-D imaging CCD INSTRUMENTARIUM OP100 D Worldwide Yes Yes Direct digital panoramic PLANMECA DIMAX2 Worldwide Yes Yes Digital sensor for all Planmeca panoramic and cephalometric CCD PLANMECA DIXI2 Worldwide Yes Yes Digital sensor for intraoral x-rays
IMAGING METHOD
CCD
CCD
8 or 12 >6 256 or 4,096 Not specified 184 x 200, 184 x 260 ceph; 138 x 270 panoramic
8 or 12 >6 256 or 4,096 Not specified 138 x 270
12 6 4,096 Not specified 150 x 300 panoramic, 125 x 300 cephalometric
12 26.3 4,096 Not specified 150 x 210, 190 x 350, 250 x 370
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Pentium 4 PC, 1.6 GHz; Windows 2000 or XP; 256 MB RAM; 20 GB HD 15" * 1024 x 768 HD
Pentium 4 PC, 1.6 GHz; Windows 2000 or XP; 256 MB RAM; 20 GB HD 15" * 1024 x 768 HD
Pentium PC or compatible
Pentium PC or compatible
SVGA 786 x 1024 mimimum 2 HD
SVGA 786 x 1024 mimimum 2 HD
CONTROL PANEL
Digital display, preprogrammable, touchpanel, help messages CliniView
Digital display, preprogrammable, touchpanel, help messages CliniView
Keyboard, mouse
Keyboard, mouse
SOFTWARE
Dimaxis
Dimaxis
Brightness, contrast, zoom+/ gamma inversion, mirror, rotation histogram, profile, pseudocolor, overlay graphics, optimize contrast, edge enhancement, measurements
Brightness, contrast, zoom+/ gamma inversion, mirror, rotation histogram, profile, pseudocolor, overlay graphics, optimize contrast, edge enhancement, measurements
Zoom, brightness, contrast, pseudocolor, soft filter, sharp filter, noise filter, automatic adjustment of brightness/contrast, emboss, gradient, invert, rotate, measurement of angles/distances, annotation, density measurement
Zoom, brightness, contrast, pseudocolor, soft filter, sharp filter, noise filter, automatic adjustment of brightness/contrast, emboss, gradient, invert, rotate, measurement of angles/distances, annotation, density measurement
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Flat panel or SVGA.
50

MODEL INSTRUMENTARIUM OC100 D NETWORKING Windows 2000 or XP INSTRUMENTARIUM OP100 D Windows 2000 or XP PLANMECA DIMAX2 Yes PLANMECA DIXI2 Yes
PRINTER
Windows compatible, optional DICOM pending
Windows compatible, optional DICOM pending
Any Windows medical laser
Any Windows medical laser
110/230; 50/60 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 190 x 100, 235 x 83 x 100
110/230; 50/60 1,650 @ 110 VAC, 2,300 @ 230 VAC 235 x 83 x 100
117 1,500 Not specified
117; not specified 1,500 [1.9, 2.3, 3] x [3.3, 4.1, 4.3] x 0.4
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg
210
170
Not specified
Not specified
OPTIONAL FEATURES
Freestanding base, remote exposure, Ortho Zone program, Ortho TMJ program, networking
Cephalostat upgrade, freestanding base, remote exposure, Ortho Zone program, Ortho TMJ program, networking
Fixed or mobile
3 different sizes
$74,300 singletransferable-sensor unit * 1 year 3 weeks
$57,150 fixed-sensor unit, $62,900 transferable-sensor unit 1 year unit; 2 years CCD, tube head 3 weeks
$47,000-86,000, new; $24,000-41,830, upgrades 1 year 4 weeks
$7,300-11,750 sensor system with software 1 year 4 weeks
Not specified 2001
Not specified 1999
Not specified 2000
Not specified 2000
Not specified January to December Left-/right-handed operation; wall mount with swivel joint; sinus program; exposure counter. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
Not specified January to December Left-/right-handed operation; wall mount with swivel joint; sinus program; exposure counter. Meets requirements of CSA, IEC, and UL.
500+ total Not specified DICOM 3.0 compatible for use with Dimaxis software.
3,000+ total Not specified DICOM 3.0 compatible for use with Dimaxis software.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * $83,900 for 2-dedicated-sensor unit.
51

MODEL QR NewTom QR-DVT 9000 * WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Submitted Yes Digital computed volumetric tomography R=I+S Digital OrthoPan Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic SCHICK TECHNOLOGIES CDR (Computed Dental Radiography) Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral, panoramic SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 DS Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic
IMAGING METHOD
Image intensifier, CCD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 160 x 150 axial; 0.3, 1, 2 thickness
CCD
CMOS-APS
CCD sensor
Not specified 4 4,096 Not specified 120
Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 0-240 x 180, 1-300 x 200, 20-360 x 256
12 acquired ** See footnote *** 256 Not specified 138 x 270 active area
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Pentium PC, Windows NT
PC with Linux, Windows 2000, Windows XP 17" 1024 x 768 Not specified
IBM-compatible Pentium II or with Intel USB Controller 15", SVGA Not specified Any
IBM-compatible PC Pentium, Fast Ethernet 17" high resolution 1024 x 768 or 1280 x 1024 280-4,300 images per 1.3 GB MOD
17" 1280 x 1024 HD, CD, Zip
CONTROL PANEL
Workstation keyboard, mouse
Mouse
Keyboard, mouse, any Windowssupported devices CDR 2.6
Multitimer
SOFTWARE
NewTom DVT 9000 Expert
Multi x-ray Linux, Pro Image Windows, DICOM available
SIDEXIS (Windows 98, 98 ME, 98 SE, 2000, XP; Windows 4.0 SP 6.0 or higher
Volume in axial slices, 2-D reconstruction (crosssection, panoramic), 3-D visualization, zoom, brightness, contrast thresholds, measurements of angles & distances, text & marker, printing filters
Zoom, brightness, contrast, pseudocolor, edge enhancement, positive/negative images, rotation 90/180, measurement angles and distances
Zoom, colorize, quick zoom, positive/negative, notes, highlight, calibrated measurement, sharpen, Revealer
Zoom, brightness, contrast, pseudocolor, soft filter, edge enhancement, sharp filter, automatic adjustment of brightness and contrast, positive/ negative images, measurement of angles and distances, 90/ 180 rotation of images
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Dental volumetric tomograph. ** 8-bit/pixel storage after automatic picture processing. *** Physical pixel size, 45 x 45 m; stored pixel size, 90 x 90 m (pixel binning 2 x 2). Standard practice management software interface SLIDA; DICOM compliant.
52

MODEL QR NewTom QR-DVT 9000 * NETWORKING Optional Windows NT R=I+S Digital OrthoPan TCP/IP, RPC SCHICK TECHNOLOGIES CDR (Computed Dental Radiography) Windows 98, 2000, ME, XP SIRONA ORTHOPHOS 3 DS Yes
PRINTER
Optional Windows supported
Laser InkJet
Any Windows supported
Laser (1,200 dpi) or InkJet (1,440 dpi)
200-230; 50/60 incl radiographic unit 1,850 VA 200 x 200 x 170 including complete radiographic unit
110-130; 60 200-230; 50/60 Not specified Not specified
Not specified Not specified Depends on PC
208-230; 50/60 Not specified 150 x 120 x 224 plus ICD
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg
360 including complete radiographic unit Not specified
Not specified
Depends on PC
130
OPTIONAL FEATURES
Direct digital panoramic x-ray, upgrades for existing devices
USBCam intraoral camera
Digital intraoral video camera (SIROCAM), digital intraoral radiography (SIDEXIS)
~$125,000 (with radiographic unit) 1 year 6-8 weeks
15,000 (US$13,430) 1 year 6 weeks
$13,000
$41,700
1 year 2 weeks
1 year Usually 6 weeks, depends on options Not specified 1995
Not specified 1997
Not specified 2000
Not specified 1994
150/15 January to December DICOM 3.0 compatible to export axial slice images.
Not specified January to December Can combine with intraoral systems.
~15,000/>7,500 April to March True film replacement sensors are same size as film; uses standard film holders; sensors are <5 mm thick. Meets all international requirements.
>600/not specified October to September ORTHOPHOS DS offers the same capability as the standard configuration of ORTHOPHOS Plus (see Chart A).
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * Dental volumetric tomograph.
53

MODEL SIRONA ORTHOPHOS Plus DS WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Panoramic SIRONA ORTHOPHOS Plus DS CEPH Worldwide Yes Yes Cephalometric SIRONA SIDEXIS 5.2 Intraoral Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral SOREDEX DIGORA FMX Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
IMAGING METHOD
CCD sensor
CCD sensor
CCD sensor
Reusable intraoral imaging plates 8 8 256 Not specified Active areas 21 x 30, 23 x 39, 30 x 40; plate sizes 26 x 35, 28 x 44, 30 x 40 Pentium III or better recommended, network adapter 10/100 baseTX 15-19" 1024 x 768, true color Hard disk and backup device (2-40 GB)
12 acquired * See footnote ** 256 Not specified 138 x 270 panoramic
12 acquired * See footnote ** 256 (12-bit) Not specified 184 x 230 cephalometric
12 acquired * See footnote *** 256 (12-bit) Not specified 260 x 340 full-size, 1756 x 1369 pixels; 200 x 300 universal, 1040 x 1572 pixels IBM-compatible PC Pentium Fast Ethernet 17" high resolution 1024 x 768 or 1280 x 1024 2,250-22,000 images per 1.3 GB MOD (number may vary depending on compression factor) Mouse, keyboard
COMPUTER SYSTEM
CONTROL PANEL
Multitimer
Multitimer
LED, touchpanel, computer keyboard
SOFTWARE
Windows 98/SE/ME/ 2000/NT 4.0/i XP; DIGORA for Windows 2.1; up to 20 user network Magnification, image rotation, contrast, brightness, edge enhancement, density measurements, angle/ distance measurements, positive/ negative images, calibration, implant library, superimpose, import/ export images, text annotation, symbol items
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. * 8-bit/pixel storage after automatic picture processing. ** Physical pixel size, 45 x 45 m; stored pixel size, 90 x 90 m (pixel binning 2 x 2). *** Physical pixel size, 19.5 x 19.5 m; stored pixel size, 39 x 39 m (pixel binning 2 x 2). Standard practice management software interface SLIDA; DICOM compliant. Also optional cephalometric analysis.
54

MODEL SIRONA ORTHOPHOS Plus DS NETWORKING Yes SIRONA ORTHOPHOS Plus DS CEPH Yes SIRONA SIDEXIS 5.2 Intraoral Windows 95, combines with other networks like Windows NT, Fast Ethernet InkJet (1,440 dpi) SOREDEX DIGORA FMX Windows NT, Novell 4.X, Windows 2000
PRINTER
Laser 600-1,200 dpi, digital thermal, InkJet, Windows compatible 100-240; 50/60 80 13 x 45 x 50 (without autoloader), 23 x 45 x 51 (with autoloader) 20
100-120/200-240; 50/60 Not specified Depends on PC
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg
130
130
Not specified
OPTIONAL FEATURES
Digital intraoral video camera (SIROCAM), panoramic digital x-ray, cephalometric digital x-ray
Imaging plates (std, sml; film sizes 0, 1, 2); storage box for plates, plastic protective bags, and image plate holders; autoloader for up to 20 plates
$49,750
$64,050
$9,299
Not specified
Not specified Not specified
>900/not specified October to September ORTHOPHOS DS offers the same capability as the standard configuration of ORTHOPHOS Plus (see Chart A).
>1,500/not specified October to September ORTHOPHOS DS offers the same capability as the standard configuration of ORTHOPHOS Plus (see Chart A).
>5,000/not specified October to September Meets requirements of all international standards.
Not specified January to December Laser scanner; class 1 laser in accordance with 21 CFR subchapter J, EN 60825. Meets requirements of GMP, IEC 601-1, ISO 9001, and UL 2601-1.
55

MODEL SOREDEX DIGORA PCT WHERE MARKETED FDA CLEARANCE CE MARK (MDD) SYSTEM TYPE Worldwide Yes Yes Extraoral TROPHY RADIOLOGIE DIGIPAN Worldwide Yes Yes Digital cassette for panoramic unit, interchangeable with film cassette Combination of CCD, fiberoptics, and scintillator Not specified Equivalent to film 4,096 54 dB 150 x 300 panoramic mode TROPHY RADIOLOGIE RVG Standard Size 1 : Size 2 Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral TROPHY RADIOLOGIE RVG UI Size 1 : Size 2 Worldwide Yes Yes Intraoral
IMAGING METHOD
Reusable extraoral imaging plates 16 4-6 256 Not specified 150 x 300, 180 x 240, 240 x 300, 8 x 10", 10 x 12"
Combination of CCD, fiberoptics, and scintillator Not specified 12 4,096 50-60 dB 20 x 30 : 27 x 36
Combination of CCD, fiberoptics, and scintillator Not specified >20 (same as film) 4,096 50-60 dB 20 x 30 : 27 x 36
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Pentium III or better recommended, network adapter 10/100 baseTX 17-21" 1024 x 1280, true color Hard disk and backup device (2-40 GB)
Any PC compatible
Any PC compatible
Any PC compatible
17" recommended 1024 x 768, true colors Any storage device and capacity
Any monitor 1024 x 768, true colors, 24-bit min Any storage device and capacity
Any monitor 1024 x 768, true colors, 24-bit min Any storage device and capacity
CONTROL PANEL
LED, touchpanel, computer keyboard
Keyboard, mouse; lightpen optional, touchscreen possible Trophy Windows application; Windows 98/ME/NT4/2000/XP operating system
SOFTWARE
Windows 98/SE/ME/ 2000/NT 4.0/i XP; DIGORA for Windows 2.1; up to 20 user network Magnification, image rotation, contrast, brightness, edge enhancement, density measurements, angle/ distance measurements, positive/ negative images, calibration, implant library, superimpose, import/ export images, text annotation, symbol items
Edge enhancement, measurement, video inversion, contrast enhancement, pseudocolor, filter, zoom, flip, pseudo 3-D, correction, bone-density analysis, drawing editor, text overlay, implant simulation; others optional
Edge enhancement, measurement, video inversion, contrast enhancement, pseudocolor, filter, zoom, flip, pseudo 3-D, correction, bone-density analysis, drawing editor, text overlay, implant simulation; others optional
High-contrast & high-res modes, edge enhancement, measurement, video inversion, contrast enhancement, pseudocolor, filter, zoom, flip, pseudo 3-D, correction, bone-density analysis, drawing editor, text overlay, implant simulation; others optional
56

MODEL SOREDEX DIGORA PCT NETWORKING Windows NT, Novell 4.X, Windows 2000 TROPHY RADIOLOGIE DIGIPAN Novell, Novell Lite, Windows 98/ME/NT4/ 2000/XP Any TROPHY RADIOLOGIE RVG Standard Size 1 : Size 2 Novell, Novell Lite, Windows 98/ME/NT4/ 2000/XP Any Windows compatible TROPHY RADIOLOGIE RVG UI Size 1 : Size 2 Novell, Novell Lite, Windows 98/ME/NT4/ 2000/XP Any Windows compatible
PRINTER
Laser 600-1,200 dpi, digital thermal, InkJet, Windows compatible 100-240; 50/60 80 71.5 x 74.5 x 55 (107.8 height with stand)
110/230; 50/60 Depends on host PC 15 x 30 (digital cassette size)
110/230; 50/60 Depends on host PC Depends on host PC
110/230; 50/60 Depends on host PC Depends on host PC
SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg
20
Not specified
Depends on host PC
Depends on host PC
OPTIONAL FEATURES
Curved cassette, imaging plates (std, sml; film sizes 0, 1, 2), covers
STV digital intraoral camera, RVG, practice management
STV digital intraoral camera, Digipan digital panoramic, video camera, PC, practice management software, Macintosh version (in some countries)
STV digital intraoral camera, Digipan digital panoramic, video camera, PC, practice management software, Macintosh version (in some countries)
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
1 year Immediate
1 year; 2 years, sensor Immediate
1 year; 2 years, sensor Immediate
Not specified 1995
Not specified 1988
Not specified 1999
Not specified January to December Laser scanner; class 1 laser in accordance with 21 CFR subchapter J, EN 60825. Meets requirements of GMP, IEC 601-1, ISO 9001, and UL 2601-1.
Not specified October to September Digital and film cassettes can both be used on the same unit; will work with most panoramic units (curved and flat cassette).
>35,000/not specified October to September Sensor protected from x-ray beam for image quality lifetime warranty; integrates with most practice management software packages.
Not specified October to September Sensor protected from x-ray beam for image quality lifetime warranty; integrates with most practice management software packages; variable-geometry pixels.
57

Radiography, Dental (LENGKAP)

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Radiography, Dental (LENGKAP)

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July 2002

Radiographic Units, Dental; Radiography Systems, Digital, Dental

Intraoral dental radiographic unit

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Panoramic dental radiographic unit

Dental digital radiography system with display

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Standards and guidelines

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Citations from other ECRI publications Supplier information

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Healthcare Product Comparison System

About the chart specifications

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Need to know more?

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Chart A: Dental Radiographic Units

2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 Self-rectified

2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 Self-rectified

2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 High frequency (80 kHz)

AEC kV range mA range Exposure time, sec

Not specified 70 8 0.02-3.2

No 60-90 10 12 panoramic, 0.33.2 cephalometric 490 15 x 30 cm panoramic, 8 x 10" cephalometric

No 60-90, 1 kV steps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 7; 12 panoramic

SID, mm AVAILABLE FILM SIZES

160-180 All intraoral

MAGNIFICATION SYSTEM CAPABILITIES TMJ Cephalometric Others

1.2-1.25x panoramic, 1.1x cephalometric Yes Yes TMJ lateral (4 views)

Yes No All intraoral

Yes No TMJ lateral (4 views)

PATIENT TYPES Adult Pediatric Seated Standing PATIENT POSITIONING

Yes Yes Yes No Digital display, angle indicators, anatomical display

Yes Yes No Yes Triple light beam

Yes Yes No Yes Triple light beam

Yes Yes No Yes 4 beams with auto focus

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

Dental Radiographic Units; Digital Dental Radiography Systems

Chart A: Dental Radiographic Units

Sheet switch, 7-segment LED indicator On rotation unit

Sheet switch, 7-segment LED indicator On rotation unit

Sheet switch, LCD

POWER REQUIREMENTS VAC; Hz Current, A Power, W SPACE REQUIRED, cm

110/220; 50/60 7 Not specified Not specified

90-132, 180-264; 50/60 Not specified Not specified 87 x 102

SYSTEM WEIGHT, kg OPTIONAL FEATURES

35 3 horizontal arms: short, standard, and long; mobile wheeled stand

220 Not specified

250 Not specified

195 TMJ frontal (2 views), crosssection tomography

5-6 weeks 1989 Not specified July to June None specified.

5-6 weeks 1989 Not specified July to June None specified.

5-6 weeks 1998 Not specified July to June None specified.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

Healthcare Product Comparison System

Chart A: Dental Radiographic Units

2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 High frequency (80 kHz)

2.8 Not specified 0.5 x 0.5 High frequency (80 kHz)