Дж.Фридл - Регулярные выражения, 3-е изд. (2008) My

Mastering
Regular Expressions
Third Edition
Jeffrey E.F. Friedl

2008
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2008. 608 ., .
ISBN13: 9785932861219
ISBN10: 5932861215

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15 .
, Perl, PHP, Java,
Python, Ruby, MySQL, VB.NET, C# ( .NET),

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PHP
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java.util.regex Sun,
Java 1.4.2 Java 1.5/1.6.
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ISBN13: 9785932861219
ISBN10: 5932861215
ISBN 0596528124 ()
, 2008
Authorized translation of the English edition 2006 OReilly Media, Inc. This trans
lation is published and sold by permission of OReilly Media, Inc., the owner of all
rights to publish and sell the same.
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. 199034, , 16 , 7,
. (812) 3245353, www.symbol.ru. N 000054 25.12.98.
25.07.2008. 701001/16. .
38 . . 2000 .

199034, , 9 , 12.
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1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
: egrep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
egrep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Perl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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. . . 70
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. . . . 77
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3. : . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
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. . . . . . . . . 127
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
, ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
2: . . . . . . . . . . . 195
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
: , . . . . . . . 198
: , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
, . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . 216
?+, *+, ++ {max,min}+ . . . . . . 219
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
, POSIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
, . . . . . . . . . . 225
POSIX ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
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5. . . . 234
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
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IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
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10
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
HTTP URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
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, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
6. . . . . . . . . . . . 274
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. . . . . . . 276
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. . . . . . . . . 277
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
POSIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Ruby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Tcl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
11
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
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1:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
: ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
7. Perl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
. . . . . . . . . 354
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
rl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
, . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
qr// . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
. . . . . . . 369

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

/g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
/e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
split . . . . . . . . . . 392
Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
my . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
. . . . 412
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
, /, qr//
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
8. Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
\p{} \P{} Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
java.util.regex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Pattern.compile() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Pattern.matcher() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Matcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Matcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Matcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
split Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
split Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
WIDTH HEIGHT <img> . . . . . . . . . 473
HTML
Matcher . . . . 475
CSV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
1.4.2 1.5.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
1.5.0 1.6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
9. .NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
. . . . . . 490
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Regex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Regex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
10. PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
preg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
14
preg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
preg_match_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
preg_replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
preg_replace_callback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
preg_split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
preg_grep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
preg_quote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
preg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
preg_regex_to_pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
. . . . . . . . . 563
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
S: Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
CVS PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

.

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1005 Gravenstein Highway North
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From: elvis@tabloid.org (The King)
Subject: be seein' ya around
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Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2006 8:36:24
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$celsius = 30;
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20 C is 68 F.
25 C is 77 F.
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45 C is 113 F.
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:
% perl w convert
Enter a temperature (e.g., 32F, 100C):
39F
3.89 C is 39.00 F
% perl w convert
39C
39.00 C is 102.20 F

(
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70
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oops
Expecting a number followed by "C" or "F",
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32 f
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76
2.
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Yes =SUCKER=, I bet you could! Just respond by.....
,
:
$given = "Tom";
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79
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:
% perl w mkreply king.in > king.out
( : w
, 64.)
82
2.

From elvis Thu Feb 29 11:15 2007
Received: from elvis@localhost by tabloid.org (8.11.3) id KA8CMY
Received: from tabloid.org by gateway.net (8.12.5/2) id N8XBK
To: jfriedl@regex.info (Jeffrey Friedl)
Date: Thu, Feb 29 2007 11:15
MessageId: <2007022939939.KA8CMY@tabloid.org>
Subject: Be seein' ya around
ReplyTo: elvis@hh.tabloid.org
XMailer: Madam Zelda's Psychic Orb [version 3.7 PL92]
Sorry I haven't been around lately. A few years back I checked
into that ole heartbreak hotel in the sky, ifyaknowwhatImean.
The Duke says "hi".
Elvis
, king.out :
To: elvis@hh.tabloid.org (The King)
From: jfriedl@regex.info (Jeffrey Friedl)
Subject: Re: Be seein' ya around
On
|>
|>
|>
|>
Thu, Feb 29 2007 11:15 The King wrote:

Sorry I haven't been around lately. A few years back I checked
into that ole heartbreak hotel in the sky, ifyaknowwhatImean.
The Duke says "hi".
Elvis
.
( elvis@hh.tab
loid.org, ReplyTo ),
(The King), , .
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104
2.
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)?
)
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$text =~ s/>/>/g; # HTML
106
2.
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# ...
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\b
# $1 ...
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)
\b
}{<a href="mailto:$1">$1</a>}gix;
# HTTP URL ...
$text =~ s{
\b
# URL $1 ...
(
http:// [az09]+(\.[az09]+)*\.(com;edu;info) \b #
(
/ [az09R:\@&?=+,.!/~+'%\$]* #
(?<![.,?!])
# [.,?!]
)?
)
}{<a href="$1">$1</a>}gix;
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:
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.

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# ...
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107
\b
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import java.io.*;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
public class TwoWord
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
Pattern regex1 = Pattern.compile(
"\\b([az]+)((?:\\s<\\<[^>]+\\>)+)(\\1\\b)",
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
String replace1 = "\033[7m$1\033[m$2\033[7m$3\033[m";
Pattern regex2 = Pattern.compile("^(?:[^\\e]*\\n)+", Pattern.MULTILINE);
Pattern regex3 = Pattern.compile("^([^\\n]+)", Pattern.MULTILINE);
// ....
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
{
try {
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(args[i]));
String text;
// .....
while ((text = getPara(in)) != null)
{
//
text = regex1.matcher(text).replaceAll(replace1);
text = regex2.matcher(text).replaceAll("");
text = regex3.matcher(text).replaceAll(args[i] + ": $1");
//
System.out.print(text);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("can't read ["+args[i]+"]: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

}
//
static String getPara(BufferedReader in) throws java.io.IOException
{
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Java
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@zips = ( ); #
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266
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{
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//
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// ,
field = mQuote.reset(mMain.group(1)).replaceAll("\"");
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"(?:^|,)
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"
(?# ...)
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"
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'
.
.
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While FieldMatch.Success
Dim Field as String
If FieldMatch.Groups(1).Success
Field = QuotesRegex.Replace(FieldMatch.Groups(1).Value, """")
Else
Field = FieldMatch.Groups(2).Value
End If
Console.WriteLine("[" & Field & "]")
' ...
FieldMatch = FieldMatch.NextMatch
End While
6

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use Time::HiRes 'time'; # time()
# .
$StartTime = time();
"abababdedfg" =~ m/^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$/;
$EndTime = time();
prlntf("Alternation takes %.3f seconds.\n", $EndTime $StartTime);
"abababdedfg" =~ m/^[ag]+$/;
$EndTime = time();
printf("Character class takes %.3f seconds.\n", $EndTime $StartTime);
(
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287
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:
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Character class takes 0.000 seconds.
:
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1/100 ,
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. (
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;
.
, :
use Time::HiRes 'time';
# time()
# .
$TimesToDo = 1000;
#
$TestString = "abababdedfg" x 1000; #
$Count = $TimesToDo;
while ($Count > 0) {
$TestString =~ m/^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$/;
}
$EndTime = time();
printf("Alternation takes %.3f seconds.\n", $EndTime $StartTime);
$Count = $TimesToDo;
while ($Count > 0) {
$TestString =~ m/^[ag]+$/;
}
$EndTime = time();
printf("Character class takes %.3f seconds.\n", $EndTime $StartTime);
288
6.
: $TestString $Count
. $TestString
x,
. Perl 5.8
:
Alternation takes 7.276 seconds
Character class takes 0.333 seconds
, 22 .

,
, .

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:
$TimesToDo = 1000000:
$TestStrlng = "abababdedfg";
1000 , 1000
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PHP
PHP,
preg:
$TimesToDo = 1000;
/* */
$TestString = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++)
289
$TestString .= "abababdedfg";
/* */
$start = gettimeofday();
for ($i = 0; $i < $TimesToDo; $i++)
preg_match('/^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$/', $TestString);
$final = gettimeofday();
$sec = ($final['sec'] + $final['usec']/1000000)
($start['sec'] + $start['usec']/1000000);
printf("Alternation takes %.3f seconds\n", $sec);
/* */
$start = gettimeofday();
for ($i = 0; $i < $TimesToDo; $i++)
preg_match('/^[ag]+$/', $TestString);
$final = gettimeofday();
$sec = ($final['sec'] + $final['usec']/1000000)
($start['sec'] + $start['usec']/1000000);
printf("Character class takes %.3f seconds\n", $sec);
:
PHP
not being safe to rely on the system's timezone settings (
),
:
if (phpversion() >= 5)
date_default_timezone_set("GMT");
Java
Java
. ,
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public class JavaBenchmark {
public static void main(String [] args)
{
Matcher regex1 = Pattern.compile("^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$").matcher("");
Matcher regex2 = Pattern.compile("^[ag]+$").matcher("");
long timesToDo = 1000;
StringBuffer temp = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 1000; i > 0; i)
temp.append("abababdedfg");
String testString = temp.toString();
// ...
long count = timesToDo;
290
6.
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (count > 0)
regex1.reset(testString).find();
double seconds = (System.currentTimeMillis() startTime)/1000.0;
System.out.println("Alternation takes " + seconds + " seconds");
// ...
count = timesToDo;
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (count > 0)
seconds = (System.currentTimeMillis() startTime)/1000.0;
System.out.println("Character class takes " + seconds + " seconds");
}
}
:
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,
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.
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BLTN , ,
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291
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(. . BLTN
).

:
//
for (int i = 4; i > 0; i )
{
long count = timesToDo;
long startTime = System.currentTimeMil1is();
while (count > 0)
double seconds = (System.currentTimeMillis() startTime)/1000.0;
System.out.println("Alternation takes " + seconds + " seconds");
}

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Java
.
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VB.NET
VB.NET:
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Module Benchmark
Sub Main()
Dim Regex1 as Regex = New Regex("^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$")
Dim Regex2 as Regex = New Regex("^[ag]+$")
Dim TimesToDo as Integer = 1000
Dim TestString as String = ""
Dim I as Integer
For I = 1 to 1000
TestString = TestString & "abababdedfg"
Next
Dim StartTime as Double = Timer()
292
6.
For I = 1 to TimesToDo
Regex1.Match(TestString)
Next
Dim Seconds as Double = Math.Round(Timer() StartTime, 3)
Console.WriteLine("Alternation takes " & Seconds & " seconds")
StartTime = Timer()
For I = 1 to TimesToDo
Regex2.Match(TestString)
Next
Seconds = Math.Round(Timer() StartTime, 3)
Console.WriteLine("Character class takes " & Seconds & " seconds")
End Sub
End Module
:
.NET Framework
, Regex
RegexOptions.Compiled ( 487).
:
Compiled ,
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Ruby
Ruby:
TimesToDo=1000
testString=""
for i in 1..1000
testString += "abababdedfg"
end
Regex1 = Regexp::new("^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$");
Regex2 = Regexp::new("^[ag]+$");
startTime = Time.new.to_f
for i in 1..TimesToDo
Regex1.match(testString)
end
print "Alternation takes %.3f seconds\n" % (Time.new.to_f startTime);
startTime = Time.new.to_f
for i in 1..TimesToDo
Regex2.match(testString)
293
end
print "Character class takes %.3f seconds\n" % (Time.new.to_f startTime);
:
Python
Python:
import re
import time
import fpformat
Regex1 = re.compile("^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$")
Regex2 = re.compile("^[ag]+$")
TimesToDo = 1250;
TestString = ""
for i in range(800):
TestString += "abababdedfg"
StartTime = time.time()
for i in range(TimesToDo):
Regex1.search(TestString)
Seconds = time.time() StartTime
print "Alternation takes " + fpformat.fix(Seconds,3) + " seconds"
StartTime = time.time()
for i in range(TimesToDo):
Regex2.search(TestString)
Seconds = time.time() StartTime
print "Character class takes " + fpformat.fix(Seconds,3) + " seconds"
Python
,
(
).
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) .
:
Tcl
Tcl:
set TimesToDo 1000
set TestString ""
for {set i 1000} {$i > 0} {incr i 1} {
append TestString "abababdedfg"
294
6.
}
set Count $TimesToDo
set StartTime [clock clicks milliseconds]
for {} {$Count > 0} {incr Count 1} {
regexp {^(a|b|c|d|e|f|g)+$} $TestString
}
set EndTime [clock clicks milliseconds]
set Seconds [expr ($EndTime $StartTime)/1000.0]
puts [format "Alternation takes %.3f seconds" $Seconds]
set Count $TimesToDo
set StartTime [clock clicks milliseconds]
for {} {$Count > 0} {incr Count 1} {
regexp {^[ag]+$} $TestString
}
set EndTime [clock clicks milliseconds]
set Seconds [expr ($EndTime $StartTime)/1000.0]
puts [format "Character class takes %.3f seconds" $Seconds]
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376
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$text IP 64.156.215.240, @nums

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:
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:
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:

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377

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print "The subsequent alluppercase word: $1\n";

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378
7. Perl
print "found: $l\n";
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380
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}
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)/xgc) { print "TAG: $1\n"
}
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elsif ($html =~ m/\G( &\#\d+; )/xgc) { print "NUMERIC ENTITY: $1\n" }
elsif ($html =~ m/\G( [^<>&\n]+ )/xgc) { print "TEXT: $1\n"
}
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/xgc) { print "NEWLINE\n"
}
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}
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print "IF stooge is $&.\n";
}
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foreach ("Larry Curly Moe" =~ m/\w+/g) {
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}
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384
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386
7. Perl
sprintf('%%%02x', d())
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; Perl.
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388
7. Perl
split .
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389
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390
7. Perl
, ,
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392
7. Perl
split
split
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:
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( ,
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393
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394
7. Perl
,
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if ($text =~ m/\b( \w+$Level0 )/x) {
Perl
395
print "found function call: $1\n";

}
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substr($str, 0, (3+2))
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, :
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$Level0 ,
$Level1,
$Level0.
.
,
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)* $ /; #
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my $Level2 = qr/ $ ( [^()]| $Level1 )* $ /: #
:
my $Level3 = qr/ $ ( [^()]| $Level2 )* $ /; #
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my $Level5 = qr/ $ ( [^()]| $Level4 )* $ /: #
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396
7. Perl
$
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397
if ($text =~ m/\b( \w+$LevelN )/x) {

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if ($text =~ m/\b( \w+ $ $LevelN $ )/x) {
}
if (not $text =~ m/^ $LevelN $/x) {
print "mismatched parentheses !\n";
}
$LevelN . 411.

.
,
POSIX. ,
(, ,
POSIX),
.

.
398
7. Perl
"abcdefgh" =~ m{
(?{ print "starting match at [$`|$']\n" })
(?:d|e|f)
}x;
:
starting
starting
starting
starting
match
match
match
match
at
at
at
at
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print "starting match at [$`|$']\n"
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(?{ print "matched at [$`<$&>$']\n" })
:
matched at [abc<d>efgh]
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(?{ print "starting match at [$`;$']\n" })
[def]
}x;
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1
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.
399
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, .
Perl
. ,
.

Perl ,
,
.
Perl
. , ,
oneself . 225:
"oneselfsufficient" =~ m{
one(self)?(selfsufficient)?
}x;
,
matched at [<oneself>sufficient]
,
oneselfsufficient.
: print
, .
,
. ,
,
.
(?!) ?
(?!) .
(
matched),
.
400
7. Perl
,
, :
matched at [<oneself>sufficient]
matched at [<oneselfsufficient>]
matched at [<one>selfsufficient]
,
. (?!) Perl
,
.
, ?
"123" =~ m{
\d+
(?!)
}x;
:
matched
matched
matched
matched
matched
matched
at
at
at
at
at
at
[<123>]
[<12>3]
[<1>23]
[1<23>]
[1<2>3]
[12<3>]
,
. ,
. (?!)
.
,
,
(
4).
, , .
, (?!) ,
.
, ; .

.
, .

.
oneself:
$longest_match = undef; #
Perl
401
"oneselfsufficient" =~ m{
one(self)?(selfsufficient)?
(?{
# , ($&)
#
if (not defined($longest_match)
or
length($&) > length($longest_match))
{
$longest_match = $&;
}
})
(?!) # ,
#
}x;
# ,
if (defined($longest_match)) {
print "longest match=[$longest_match]\n";
} else {
print "no match\n";
}
, longest match=
[oneselfsufficient]. ,
,
(?!) :
my $RecordPossibleMatch = qr{
(?{
# , ($&)
#
if (not defined($longest_match)
or
length($&) > length($longest_match))
{
$longest_match = $&;
}
})
(?!) # ,
#
}x;
9938,
:
$longest_match = undef; #
"8009989938" =~ m{ \d+ $RecordPossibleMatch }x;
# ,
if (defined($longest_match)) {
print "longest match=[$longest_match]\n";
} else {
402
7. Perl
print "no match\n";
}
,

,

, .
POSIX ( 225).

.
,
( ),
,
.
Perl
, ,

, $longest_match
. (?{ defined
$longest_match}), ,
.
.

, if
(? if then | else) ( 182).

, then
(?!) ( else
, ).
:
my $BailIfAnyMatch = qr/(?(?{ defined $1ongest_match})(?!))/;
if , then .

$RecordPossibleMatch:
"8009989938" =~ m{ $BailIfAnyMatch \d+ $RecordPossibleMatch }x;
800 ,
( POSIX).
local
local
. ,
Perl
403
( 357)
4,
,
( 202). (
) .
, \w+ \s+,
, \w+ \d+\b:
my $Count = 0;
Stext =~ m{
^ (?> \d+ (?{ $Count++ }) \b | \w+ | \s+ )* $
}x;
123abc739271xyz,
$Count 3. 123abc73xyz
2, 1.
, $Count
73 ( \d+),
,
\b. ,
,

.

(?>) ( 180) , ,

( 328)
. ,
\b \d+
.
\b
$Count, ,
.
local,
Perl . :
our $Count = 0;
$text =~ m{
^ (?> \d+ (?{ local ($Count) = $Count + 1 }) \b | \w+ | \s+ )* $
}x;
, $Count
my (
use strict, ,

our).
404
7. Perl
Perl
Perl
(?{})
(??{}) (
, $RecordPossib
leMatch . 400). ,
m{ (?{ print "starting\n" }) };
, :
my $ShowStart = '(?{ print "starting\n" })';
..
.
m{ $ShowStart };
,
,
,
Perl, .
.
,
use re 'eval';
( use re
; 431.)

, ,
Perl
.
\(\s*\?+[p{].
,
. \s+ ,
/x
( , ,
). \?,
. , p
(?p{},
(??{}).
, Perl
,

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.
Perl
405
$Count.
: (
, , local, (
( (
). , 1cal($Count) = $Count+1
73 \d+,
$Count 2,
,
local. \b ,
local,
$Count 1.
.
, local , $Count

. (?{ print
"Final count is $Count.\n" }),
. $Count ,

( ,
, ).
:
my $Count = undef;
our $TmpCount = 0;
$text =~ m{
^ (?> \d+ (?{ local($TmpCount) = $TmpCount + 1 }) \b | \w+ | \s+ )* $
(?{ $Count = $TmpCount }) # $Count
#
}x;
if (defined $Count) {
print "Count is $Count.\n";
} else {
print "no match\n";
}

, ,

.
. 413.
my
my
,
, ,
.
, ,
406
7. Perl
,
, .
:
.
:
sub CheckOptimizer
{
my $text = shift; #
my $start = undef; #
my $match = $text =~ m{
(?{ $start = $[0] if not defined $start}) #
#
\d #
}x;
if (not defined $start) {
print "The whole match was optimized away.\n";
if ($match) {
# !
print "Whoa, but it matched! How can this happen!?\n";
}
} elsif ($start == 0) {
print "The match start was not optimized.\n";
} else {
print "The optimizer started the match at character $start.\n"
}
}
my,
$start (
). $start
, ;
,
$start , ,
.
$[0] ( @ 365).
,
CheckOptimizer("test 123");
:
The optimizer started the match at character 5.
, ,
:
The whole match was optimized away.
Whoa, but it matched! How can this happen!?
(
), . ,
Perl
407
. ?
$start,
, .
, $start, ,
,
my .
, my
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my,
(
. 418). CheckOptimizer (
$start, $start
,
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, ,
.
(closure).
Programming Perl Object Oriented Perl ,
. ,
Perl .
.
? my
, ,
, ,
, . ,
my $NestedStuffRegex SimpleConvert,
. 413, , ,
$NestedStuffRegex.
my , ,

.

. 394 ,

. ,
,
, .
:
, ,
.
.
,
:
408
7. Perl
my $NestedGuts = qr{
(?>
(?:
# ,
[^()]+
#
| $
#
| $
)*
)
)x;

([]+|)* ( 280),
$NestedGuts ,
. , $Nested
Guts m/^$ $NestedGuts $$/x
(thisismissingtheclose,
,
.
:

:
(?{ local $OpenParens = 0 })

:
(?{ $OpenParens++ })

, 1 (
1 ). 0,
,
,
(?!), :
(?(?{ $OpenParens }) (?{ $OpenParens }) | (?!) )
(? if then |
else ) ( 182), if
.
,
. ,
,
:
(?(?{ $OpenParens != 0 })(?!))
Perl
409
, :
my $NestedGuts = qr{
(?{ local $OpenParens = 0 }) #
(?> #
(?:
# ,
[^()]+
#
| $ (?{ $OpenParens++ })
#
#
| $ (?(?{ $OpenParens != 0 }) (?{ $OpenParens }) | (?!) )
)*
)
(?(?{ $OpenParens != 0 })(?!)) #
# ,
}x;
$LevelN
( 396).
local
, $OpenParens
.
local ,

.
,
,
, $OpenParens
.

(overloading)
.

.

Perl \< \>,
. , ,
\b .
.
\< \>
(?<!\w)(?=\w) (?<=\w)(?!\w) .
(, MungeRegexLiteral),
:
410
7. Perl
sub MungeRegexLiteral($)
{
my ($RegexLiteral) = @_; #
$RegexLiteral =~ s/\\</(?<!\\w)(?=\\w)/g; # \<
$RegexLiteral =~ s/\\>/(?<=\\w)(?!\\w)/g; # \>
return $RegexLiteral; # (, )
}
\<,
(?<!\w)(?=\w). ,
s/// ,
, \w, \\w.

, (
, MyRegexStuff.pm) Perl:
package MyRegexStuff; #
use strict; #
use warnings; #
use overload; # Perl
#
sub import { overload;:constant qr => \&MungeRegexLiteral }
{
$RegexLiteral =~ s/\\</(?<!\\w)(?=\\w)/g; # \<
$RegexLiteral =~ s/\\>/(?<=\\w)(?!\\w)/g; # \>
return $RegexLiteral; # (, )
}
1; # . , use
# true
MyRegexStuff.pm Perl (.
PERLLIB Perl),
Perl, .
,

use lib '.';
#
use MyRegexStuff; # !
.
.
.
$text =~ s/\s+\</ /g; #
# .
.
.
.
use MyRegexStuff ,

, MyRegexStuff.pm
Perl
411
(, MyRegexStuff.pm
,
use MyRegexStuff , ).

MyRegexStuff.pm
x++ ( 184).

, , (. .
) .
,
+
. , *+ (?>(
* ) ( 220).
,
, \w \x{1234},
. ,
?+, *+
++ . $LevelN
(. 396) MungeRegexLiteral :
$RegexLiteral =~ s/( $ $LevelN $[*+?] )\+/(?>$1)/gx;
!

:
$text =~ s/"(\\.|[^"])*+"//; #

,
. :
$RegexLiteral =~ s{
(
# ...
(?: \\[\\abCdDefnrsStwWX] # \n, \w .
| \\. # \
| \\x[\dafAF]{1,2} # \xFF
| \\x\{[\dafAF]*\) # \{1234}
| \\[]\{[^{}]+\} # \p{Letter}
| \[\]?[^]]+\]
#
| \\\W
# \*
| $ $LevelN $
# ()
| [^()*+?\\]
#
)
# ......
(?: [*+?] | \{\d+(?:,\d*)?\} )
)
\+ # ... '+' .
}{(?>$1)}gx;
412
7. Perl
:
, +
(?>). ,
Perl.
,
. ,
,
Perl. ,
$blah$++,
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, . 172).
,
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.
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,
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($MyStuff)*+/ MungeRegexLiteral
(()
()*+). $MyStuff .
,
.
\< \>, ,
,
.

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. , ,

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Perl
413
\\>, \,
>.

,
. ,
/x,
.
,
(
\N{} 351).

,
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. ( 180) Perl ,

$^N ( 365),
(,
Perl $^N ,
).
:
href\s*=\s*($HttpUrl)(?{ $url = $^N })
$Http
Url, . 367.
, $HttpUrl, $url.
$^N $1 (
) ;
$1 . , ,

:
my $SaveUrl = qr{
($HttpUrl)
# HTTP URL ...
(?{ $url = $^N }) # ... $url
};
$text =~ m{
http \s*=\s* ($SaveUrl)
| src \s*=\s* ($SaveUrl)
}xi;
$url URL.
(,
$+ 364), $SaveUrl
,
, URL
.
414
7. Perl
, ,
$url, ,
, . ,

, . 406.

. (?<Num>\d+) ,
\d+, %^N $^N{Num}.
Perl
%^N, ,
.

package MyRegexStuff;
use strict;
use warnings;
use overload;
sub import { overload::constant('qr' => \&MungeRegexLiteral) }
my $NestedStuffRegex; #
# . .
$NestedStuffRegex = qr{
(?>
(?: # , '#' '\' ...
[^()\#\\]+
# ...
| (?s: \\. )
# ...
| \#.*\n
# ,
# ...
| $ (??{ $NestedStuffRegex }) $
)*
)
}x;
sub SimpleConvert($); # ,
#
sub SimpleConvert($)
{
my $re = shift; #
$re =~ s{
$\?
# "(?"
< ( (?>\w+) ) >
# <$1 > $1
( $NestedStuffRegex ) # $2
$
# ")"
}{
Perl
415
my $id = $1;
my $guts = SimpleConvert($2);
#
#
(?<id>guts)
#
#
(?: (guts) #
#
(?{
#
local($^N{$id}) = $guts #
#
# %^T
#
})
#
)
"(?:($guts)(?{ local(\$^T{'$id'}) = \$^N }))"
}xeog;
return $re; #
}
{
# print "BEFORE: $RegexLiteral\n"; #
my $new = SimpleConvert($RegexLiteral);
if ($new ne $RegexLiteral)
{
my $before = q/(?{ local(%^T) = () })/; #
#
my $after = q/(?{ %^N = %^T })/; #
# ""
$RegexLiteral = "$before(?:$new)$after";
}
# print "AFTER: $RegexLiteral\n"; #
return $RegexLiteral;
}
1;
%NamedCapture, %^N,
. , $^N.
, our
use strict. , ,
Perl ,
, %^N
. , %^N
,
, ( 362).
,
.
,
,
416
7. Perl
(
. .).
Perl
Perl ,

, 6:
, . Perl.
, , Perl.
.
. Perl
,
.
Perl,

.

;
.
, qr//, /o !
.
.
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(qr//)

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$&. $`, $& $'
. ,

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Study. study() Perl .
, , study
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.

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, ,
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Perl
417

.
.
Perl ,

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Perl .

,
,
Perl.
IP (18.181.0.24) ,
(018.181.000.024).
:
$i = sprintf ("%03d.%03d.%03d.%03d", split(/\./, $ip)):
, . . 7.6

( ). ,
,
,
. ,
.
IP ,
,
.
, . ,
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, 1 13 (
,
). 3, 4 ( 1) 8 ( 13).
.
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( 4),
Perl ( 6) Perl (
, sprintf ). /e
,
.
: 34 814.

. $&
418
7. Perl
8, ,
. . 425.
7.6. IP(

1.
1.0
$ip = sprintf("%03d.%03d.%03d.%03d", split(m/\./, $ip));
2.
1.3
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
substr($ip,
3.
1.6
$ip = sprintf("%03d.%03d.%03d.%03d", $ip =~ m/\d+/g);
4.
1.8
$ip = sprintf("%03d.%03d.%03d.%03d", $ip =~ m/(\d+)/g);
5.
1.8
$ip = sprintf("%03d.%03d.%03d.%03d",
$ip =~ m/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)$/);
6.
2.3
$ip =~ s/\b(?=\d\b)/00/g;
$ip =~ s/\b(?=\d\d\b)/0/g;
7.
3.0
$ip =~ s/\b(\d(\d?)\b)/$2 eq '' ? "00$1" : "0$1"/eg;
8.
3.3
$ip =~ s/\d+/sprintf("%03d", $&)/eg;
9.
3.4
$ip =~ s/(?:(?<=\.)|^)(?=\d\b)/00/g;
$ip =~ s/(?:(?<=\.)|^)(?=\d\d\b)/0/g;
10.
3.4
$ip =~ s/\b(\d\d?\b)/'0' x (3length($1)) . $1/eg;
11.
3.4
$ip =~ s/\b(\d\b)/00$1/g;
$ip =~ s/\b(\d\d\b)/0$1/g;
12.
3.4
$ip =~ s/\b(\d\d?\b)/sprintf("%03d", $1)/eg;
13.
3.5
$ip =~ s/\b(\d{1,2}\b)/sprintf("%03d", $1)/eg;
14.
3.5
$ip =~ s/(\d+)/sprintf("%03d", $1)/eg;
15.
3.6
$ip =~ s/\b(\d\d?(?!\d))/sprintf("%03d", $1)/eg;
16.
4.0
$ip =~ s/(?:(?<=\.)|^)(\d\d?(?!\d))/sprintf("%03d", $1)/eg;
0, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 1, 1) eq '.';

0, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 2, 1) eq '.';
4, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 5, 1) eq '.';
4, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 6, 1) eq '.';
8, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 9, 1) eq '.';
8, 0) = '0' if substr($ip, 10, 1) eq '.';
12, 0) = '0' while length($ip) < 15;
,
/, qr//
,
Perl,
, Perl ,
.
.
Perl
419
,
m//, s// qr//. Perl
, ,
. ,
, .

6 ( 296), Perl
.
Perl .
1. .
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2. .
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.
46.

.

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.
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,
.

Perl

:
.

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,
420
7. Perl
()
,
.
,
. , ,
,
.

,
,
, .
my ,
,
. 405.

.

.
:
my $today = (qw<Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat>)[(localtime)[6]];
# $today ("Mon", "Tue" ..)
while (<LOGFILE>) {
if (m/^$today:/i) {
.
.
.
m/^$today:/ ,
,
.
,
Perl
.
,
, ,
. ,
. ,

.
?
.
$HttpUrl . 367 (
$HostnameRegex). ,

(, ,
Perl
421
),
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.
(
m//)
.
( ) 25
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1000 !
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1000
, 0,00026 (
3846 ,
3,7 ).
,

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,
,
. /o
,
.

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.
, .
/o:
while (<LOGFILE>) {
if (m/^$today:/io) {
.
.
.
,
$today , .

,
Perl
: $today , Perl
422
7. Perl
.
/o,

, ,
,
.
/o
/o
. ,
:
sub CheckLogfileForToday()
{
while (<LOGFILE>) {
if (m/^$today:/io) { # !
.
.
.
}
}
}
/o ,
. CheckLogfileForToday()
, , .
, $today
, ;

.
, ,
,
.

, ,
,

. (
,
,
.
qr// ( 366).

:
{
Perl
423

my $RegexObj = qr/^$today:/i; #
while (<LOGFILE>) {
if ($_ =~ $RegexObj) {
.
.
.
}
}
}

,
.
, ,
.
,
.
;
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, .
; ,

( ),
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,
CheckLogfileForToday().
,
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m//

if ($_ =~ $RegexObj) {

if (m/$RegexObj/) {
,
. ,
,
. .
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424
7. Perl
, .
, /g
.
/o qr//
/o qr// (
, , ).
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,
, $RegexObj

$today.
m//o . 422.

( 371)
,
.
. :
{
# ,
# .
"Sun:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Mon:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Tue:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Wed:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Thu:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Fri:" =~ m/^$today:/i or
"Sat:" =~ m/^$today:/i;
while (<LOGFILE>) {
if (m//) { #
.
.
.
}
}
}
,
(

$today). ,
,
.
Perl
425

Perl
.
, ,
. , ,

(
).
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Perl ,

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$1, $&, $', $+, ...

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, $1, $&
, ( 362). Perl
,
( ) . Perl
, ,
, ,
$1 , .
, ,
.
$1
, Perl
. ? Perl
? :
$Subject =~ s/^(?:Re:\s*)+//;
$& ,
$Subject. , $Subject
$& .
:
if ($Subject =~ m/^SPAM:(.+)/i) {
$Subject = " spam subject removed ";
$SpamCount{$1}++;
}
$1 $Subject .
, Perl
.
426
7. Perl

$1, $2, $3 . .
?
$1 ,
. ,
?
...
$` $& $'
$`, $& $' .
,

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,
,
.
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$`, $& $' !
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130 000 Perl.
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427
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$1. , HTML
s/<\w+>/\L$&\E/g
s/(<\w+>)/\L$1\E/g.
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.

:
$`
substr( , 0, $[0])
$&
substr( , $[0], $+[0] $[0])
$'
substr( , $+[0])
@ @+ ( 365)
, , .
$&.
$1,

428
7. Perl
. $&
,
,
. $&
,
.
. ,
$`, $& $',
, . ,
Perl, .
English;
, :
use English 'no_match_vars';
.
CPAN ,
, .

.

$&
,
$`, $& $'
. ,
Mre=debug (431)
Enabling $` $& $' support
Omitting $` $& $' support. ,
.
,

eval, Perl .
Devel::SawAmper
sand CPAN (http://www.cpan.org):
END {
require Devel::SawAmpersand;
if (Devel::SawAmpersand::sawampersand) {
print "Naughty variable was used!\n";
}
}
Devel::SawAmpersand Devel::FindAmper
sand, ,
. , Perl
Perl
429
. ,
,
(
http://regex.info/).
,
:
use Time::HiRes;
sub CheckNaughtiness()
{
my $text = 'x' x 10_000; # .
# .
my $start = Time::HiRes::time();
for (my $i = 0; $i < 5_000; $i++) { }
my $overhead = Time::HiRes::time() $start;
# .
$start = Time::HiRes::time();
for (my $i = 0; $i < 5_000; $i++) { $text =~ m/^/ }
my $delta = Time::HiRes::time() $start;
# $delta $overhead 5 ,
# ( ).
printf "It seems your code is %s (overhead=%.2f, delta=%.2f)\n",
($delta > $overhead+5) ? "naughty" : "clean", $overhead, $delta;
}
study
study() ,
.
( )
.
study :
while (<>)
{
study($_); # $_
#
if (m/ 1/) { }
if (m/ 2/) { }
if (m/ /) { }
if (m/ 4/) { }
study ;
,
. ,
.
430
7. Perl
Perl ,
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Compiling REx `^Subject: (.*)'
rarest char j at 3
1: BOL(2)
2: EXACT <Subject: >(6)
.
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.
12: END(0)
anchored `Subject: ' at 0 (checking anchored) anchored(BOL) minlen 9
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% perl w Mre=debug e '"this is a test" =~ m/^Subject:/; '
.
.
.
Did not find anchored substr "Subject:'
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... ...
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8
Java
Java
java.util.regex 1.4, 2002
.
,
,
,
,
CharSequence.
java.util.regex
. ,
,
, .
Java 1.4 Java 1.4.2,
Java 1.5.0 ( Java 5.0), Java 1.6.0
(Java 6.0, Mustang) .
Java 1.5.0,
Java 1.4.2 1.6 ,
. ( ,
477).1
, ,
, 16. ,
Java,
1
Java 1.5.0 Update 7.

Java 1.5 ,
.
Update 2, Java 1.5,
. Java 1.6
, 59g.
437
,
. 1, 2 3 ,
,
, 4, 5 6 ,

java.util.regex.
, ,
,
, ,
.
8.1.
454 appendReplacement
446 matcher
452 replaceFirst
454 appendTail
449 matches (Matcher)
465 requireEnd
444 compile
470 matches (Pattern)
468 reset
450 end
468 pattern (Matcher)
470 split
448 find
470 pattern (Pattern)
450 start
470 flags
470 quote
469 text
450 group
452 quoteReplacement
450 toMatchResult
450 groupCount
460 region
469 toString (Matcher)
463 hasAnchoringBounds
460 regionEnd
469 toString (Pattern)
462 hasTransparentBounds
460 regionStart
463 useAnchoringBounds
465 hitEnd
451 replaceAll
468 usePattern
449 lookingAt
455 replaceAllRegion
462 useTransparentBounds
8.1 . API
. 443.
, ,
, . 439 . 149 160 3,
.
.
java.util.regex
( 112, 128, 131, 271, 289),
.
,
,
java.util.regex, ,
.
438
8. Java

java.util.regex ,
, 4,
5 6. . 8.2 .
,
(?) (?:)
. 8.3, . 440.
,
,
. 8.2.
\b,
(backspace) .
( 174).
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\\,
Java. ,
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a \u20AC ).
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ASCII
. , \d
[09], \w [09azAZ_],
a \s [\t\n\f\r\x0B] (\0 ASCII
).

( 159): \w \{L}, \d
\p{Nd}, \s \p{Z} ( \W, \D \S
\{} ).
439
8.2.
java.util.regex

151 (C)
\a [\b] \e \f \n \r \t \0 \x## \u#### \c

155 (C)
: [] [^] (
164)
156
: (
)
158 (C)
: \w \d \s \W \D \S
157 (C)
: \{} \{}

442
/ : ^ \A
442
/ : $ \z \Z
171
: \G
174
: \b \
175
: (?=) (?!) (?<=) (?<!)

176
: (?().
: d s m i u
177
: (?(:)
177
: # ( )
177
: \Q\E

178
: () \1 \2 ...
178
: (?:)
180
: (?>)
181
: |
183
: * + ? {n} {n,} {min, max}
184
: *? +? ?? {n}? {n,}? {min, max}?
184
: *+ ++ ?+ {n}+ {n,}+ {min, max}+
(C) . .
\p{} \P{}
, Java.
. .
440
8. Java
\b \B
, \w \W. ,
\w \W ASCII.

,
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# NL
Pattern.COMMENTS ( 440)
x. (
, . 476.)
ANSI . :
, ,
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\Q\E ,
Java 1.6.
8.3. java.regex.util

(?)
Pattern.UNIX_LINES

^ (442)
Pattern.DOTALL

(146)
Pattern.MULTILINE
^ $ (442)
Pattern.COMMENTS

(102). (
)
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE
ASCII
Pattern.UNICODE_CASE
,
ASCII
Pattern.CANON_EQ

(

143)
Pattern.LITERAL

,

441
\p{} \P{} Java

\p{} \P{}
, Java
. 4.0.0. (Java 1.4.2
3.0.0.)

, \p{Lu}. (
. 159.)
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\p{L}.
Java 1.5 Pf Pi
, ,
\p{P}. ( Java 1.6.)
\p{C} ,
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\p{all}, (?s:).
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\P{Cn} \p{Cn}.

In.
,
\p{} \P{} ,
. 479.
Java 1.5
, 3.0.0 4.0.0,
, :
4.0.0 Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols Greek
and Coptic Combining Marks
for Symbols Greek.
Java 1.5 , Java 1.4.2
Arabic Presentation Forms!B Latin Ex!
tended!B ( 480).
Java
Java 1.5.0 \p{} \P{}
isSomething java.lang.Charac
ter.
\p{} \P{} is
java. , , ja
442
8. Java
va.lang.Character.isJavaIdentifierStart,
\p{javaJavaIdentifierStart}. (
java.lang.Character.)

(ASCII LF) ., ^, $ \Z. Java
( 144)
.
Java, ,
.

U+000A
LF
\n
(ASCII)
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CR
\r
(ASCII)
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()
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()
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()

., ^, $ \Z
( 440):
, !

UNIX_LINES
^.$ \Z

.
MULTILINE
^ $

,
^
$.

.
DOTALL
CR/LF
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NES) CR/LF
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.
, $ \Z
. ASCII LF
java.util.regex
443
, $ \Z ,
CR/LF (. .
LF CR).
$ ^ MULTILINE
: ^ CR
, CR LF, $
LF,
CR.
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.,
), UNIX_LINES
( LF ,
, ).
java.util.regex
java.util.re
gex .
,
:
java.util.regex.Pattern
java.util.regex.Matcher
java.util.regex.MatchResult
java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException
Pattern Matcher.
.
Pattern ,
,
Matcher ,
.
Java 1.5 MatchResult
.
Matcher,
,
MatchResult.
PatternSyntaxException
(
, [oops)). java.lang.IllegalArgument
Exception.
:
public class SimpleRegexTest {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
444
8. Java
String myText = "this is my 1st test string";
String myRegex = "\\d+\\w+"; // \d+\w+
java.util.regex.Pattern p = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(myRegex);
java.util.regex.Matcher m = p.matcher(myText);
if (m.find()) {
String matchedText = m.group();
int
matchedFrom = m.start();
int
matchedTo = m.end();
System.out.println("matched [" + matchedText + "] " +
"from " + matchedFrom +
" to " + matchedTo + ".");
} else {
System.out.println("didn't match");
}
}
}
matched [1st] from 12 to 15..

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( 3 128)

.
import.
java.regex.util
, .
m, Matcher,
Pattern ,
( find),
( group, start end).
,
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Pattern.compile()
Pattern Pattern.com
pile. ,
( 135).
, . 8.3 . 440.
Pattern ,
myRegex, :
Pattern pat = Pattern.compile(myRegex,
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.UNICODE_CASE);
Pattern.compile()
445
, (
, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
1,
( 145). . 451 (?x)
(?s) (?i) . 475.
,

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Pattern.UNIX_LINES | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE
(?id) .
,
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6 ( 296),
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:
PatternSyntaxException,
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Pattern.matcher()
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matcher.
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,
Pattern .
matcher Matcher.
1
,
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,
CharSequence (, String, StringBuffer CharBuffer).
446
8. Java
Matcher
Matcher,
,
.
, m Matcher, m.find()

. , m.group()
, .

Matcher, ,
.

. ,
,
.
, :
Matcher
Pattern.
usePattern() ( 468). Pattern
pattern().
Matcher
( ,
CharSequence).
reset() ( 468).
( 458).
,
region.
( )
.

regionStart regionEnd ( 460). reset
( 468)
, ,
reset ( 468).
.
,

(\A ^ $ \z \Z).
true,
useAnchoringBounds ( 463)
hasAnchoringBounds . reset
.
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447
.
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(
, )
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false,
useTransparentBounds
( 462) hasTransparentBounds . reset
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, :
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groupCount ( 450).
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( find 448).

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( 453).
,
,
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hitEnd ( 465).
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( 450). :
( group()),
( start() end())
,
( group(), start() end()).

MatchResult,
toMatchResult. MatchResult
group, start end,
Matcher ( 450).
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.
requireEnd ( 465).
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, ,
.
448
8. Java

, ( 437).

Matcher
:
boolean find()
, ,
( 458)
.
.
:
String regex = "\\w+"; // \w+
String text = "Mastering Regular Expressions";
Matcher m = Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(text);
if (m.find ())
System.out.println("match [" + m.group() + "]");
:
match [Mastering]
if
while,
while (m.find())
System.out.println("match [" + m.group() + "]");
:
match [Mastering]
match [Regular]
match [Expressions]
boolean find(int )
find ,
( )
. ,
IndexOutOfBoundsException.
find ,
( reset
468) ,
.
find
, . 478 ( ,
. 476).
Matcher
449
boolean matches()

( 458).

(
).
, matches
, \A(?:)\z,
.
( 458),
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, ( 463).
, ,
,
CharBuffer, ,
. ,
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m.usePattern(urlPattern).matches() ,
URL ( URL,
).
String matches:
"1234".matches("\\d+"); //
"123!".matches("\\d+"); //
boolean lookingAt()
, ,
,
. lookingAt
matches, ,

.

Matcher
.
,
IllegalStateException. ,
(
), IndexOutOfBoundsException
.
: start end

,
.
450
8. Java
,
.
String group()
,
.
int groupCount()

. ,
, group, start end,
.1
String group(int )
,
, null, .
, group(0)
group().
int start(int )
( )
.
, 1.
int start()
;
start(0).
int end(int )
( )
.
, 1.
int end()
;
end(0).
MatchResult toMatchResult()
Java 1.5.0. MatchResult,
.
group, start, end groupCount,
Matcher.

, toMatchResult
IllegalStateException.
1
groupCount ,
, ,
, .
451
Matcher

,
, .
URL :
(http https), ( ):
String url = "http://regex.info/blog";
String regex = "(?x) ^(https?):// ([^/:]+) (?:(\\d+))?";
Matcher m = Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(url);
if (m.find())
{
System.out.print(
"Overall [" + m.group() + "]" +
" (from "
+ m.start() + " to " + m.end() + ")\n" +
"Protocol [" + m.group(1) + "]" +
" (from "
+ m.start(1) + " to " + m.end(1) + ")\n" +
"Hostname [" + m.group(2) + "]" +
" (from "
+ m.start(2) + " to " + m.end(2) + ")\n"
);
// ,
//
if (m.group(3) == null)
System.out.println("No port; default of '80' is assumed");
else {
System.out.print("Port is [" + m.group(3) + "] " +
"(from "
+ m.start(3) + " to " + m.end(3) + ")\n");
}
}
:
Overall
Protocol
Hostname
No port;
[http://regex.info] (from 0 to 17)

[http] (from 0 to 4)
[regex.info] (from 7 to 17)
default of '80' is assumed

,
, Matcher
.
String replaceAll(String )

, ,
,
. 453.
(
reset). . 455
,
.
452
8. Java
replaceAll
String.
string.replaceAll(, );
Pattern.compile().matcher().replaceAll()
String replaceFirst(String )
replaceAll,
( ).
replaceFirst
String.
static String quoteReplacement(String )
, Java 1.5,
,
.
,
,
. (
Matcher.quoteReplacement.)

Java 1.5
Java 5.0:
String text = "Before Java 1.5 was Java 1.4.2. After Java 1.5 is Java 1.6";
String regex = "\\bJava\\s*1\\.5\\b";
String result = m.replaceAll("Java 5.0");
System.out.println(result);
:
Before Java 5.0 was Java 1.4.2. After Java 5.0 is Java 1.6

Matcher ,
, result:
Pattern.compile("\\bJava\\s*1\\.5\\b").matcher(text).replaceAll("Java 5.0")
(
,
Pattern 444.)
( ,
) ,
Java 1.6 Java 6.0.
Pattern.compile("\\bJava\\s*1\\.([56])\\b").matcher(text).
replaceAll("Java $1.0")
Matcher
453
:
Before Java 5.0 was Java 1.4.2. After Java 5.0 is Java 6.0

replaceAll replaceFirst.
, replaceFirst
.
replaceFirst ,
,
. ( ,

.)

replaceAll replaceFirst ( appendReplacement,
) ,
,
:
$1, $2 . . ,
($0
).
, $, ASCII,
IllegalArgumentException.
$ ,
. ,
, $25
$2, 5.
$6 IndexOutOf
BoundsException.
\ ,
$ \$.
\\ \. (
Java, \
"\\\\".)
, , 12
, ,
2, $1\2.
,
Matcher.quoteReplacement,
, .
, uRegex,
uRepl,
:
Pattern.compile(uRegex).matcher(text).replaceAll(Matcher.
quoteReplacement(uRepl))
454
8. Java

Matcher
.

StringBuffer. ,
,
.
,
.
Matcher appendReplacement(StringBuffer , String )

(, find).
:
, ,
,
, .
, m Matcher,
\w+ >one+test<.
while
while (m.find())
m.appendReplacement(sb, "XXX")
find >one+test<.
appendReplacement sb ,
, . . >,
sb XXX.
find >one+test<.
appendReplacement ,
+, XXX.
sb >+,
m >one+test <.
appendTail,
.
StringBuffer appendTail(StringBuffer )
, (

).
.

m.appendTail(sb);
sb <.
>+<.
Matcher
455

replaceAll
( ,
).
public static String replaceAll(Matcher m, String replacement)
{
m.reset(); // Matcher
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); //
//
while (m.find())
m.appendReplacement(result, replacement);
m.appendTail(result);
return result.toString(); //
}
, replaceAll
( 458),
.
replaceAll,

.
:
public static String replaceAllRegion(Matcher m, String replacement)
{
Integer start = m.regionStart();
Integer end = m.regionEnd();
m.reset().region(start, end); // Matcher,
//
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); //
//
while (m.find())
m.appendReplacement(result, replacement);
return result.toString(); //
}
reset region (
, . 463.
metric,
, :
// Matcher ""
// "Metric"
// : (\d+(?:\.\d*)? )C\b
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("(\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?)C\\b").matcher(metric);
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();//
//
while (m.find())
456
8. Java
{
float celsius = Float.parseFloat(m.group(1)); //
int fahrenheit = (int)(celsius + 9/5 + 32); //
//
m.appendReplacement(result, fahrenheit + "F");//
}
System.out.println(result.toString());
//
, metric from
40.1C., from 97F to 104F..
36.3
to

java.util.regex
String, Matcher
, CharSequence,

.
, CharSequence,
StringBuffer StringBuilder,
,
.
String, String
.
StringBuilder,
StringBuffer.
,
, ,
, ,
StringBuilder:1
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder("It's SO very RUDE to shout!");
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("\\b[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}]+\\b").matcher(text);
while (m.find())
text.replace(m.start(), m.end(), m.group().toLowerCase());
System.out.println(text);
:
It's so very rude to shout!
text.replace.
,
1
\b[\p{Lu} \p{Lt}]+\b.
3 , \p{Lu}
, \p{Lt}
. ASCII :
\b[AZ]+\b.
Matcher
457
(
), (
, ).

, ,
.
, ,
.

,
. ,
,
Matcher, (
, find )
.

, find ,
.
, 
:
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder("It's SO very RUDE to shout!");
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("\\b[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}]+\\b").matcher(text);
int matchPointer = 0;//
while (m.find(matchPointer)) {
matchPointer = m.end(); // ,
//
text.replace(m.start(), m.end(), ""+ m.group().toLowerCase() +"");
matchPointer += 7;
// '' ''
}
System.out.println(text);
:
It's so very rude to shout!
Matcher
Java 1.5 Matcher
,
. ,
region
.
HTML,
<img>, ALT.
Matcher,
( HTML),
: <img>, ALT.
458
8. Java
Matcher ,
, ,
<img>
ALT. , start
end <img>,
Matcher, ALT,
find.
, ALT

, .
// <img>. 'html' HTML
Matcher mImg = Pattern.compile("(?id)<IMG\\s+(.*?)/?>").matcher(html);
// ALT
// ( ALT IMG 'html')
Matcher mAlt = Pattern.compile("(?ix)\\b ALT \\s* =").matcher(html);
// <img>...
while (mImg.find()) {
// ALT
mAlt.region( mImg.start(1), mImg.end(1) );
// , ALT ,
// ,
if (! mAlt.find())
System.out.println("Missing ALT attribute in: " + mImg.group());
}
,
(, mAlt),
( mAlt.region).
: mAlt
, mAlt.reset(html).region().
reset
, ,
, , .
,
mAlt , find
,
ALT= HTML.

HTML, <img> ALT.
HTML ,
<img>, .
:
// <img>. 'html' HTML
Matcher
459
// ALT
// ( ALT IMG 'html')
Matcher mAlt = Pattern.compile("(?ix)\\b ALT \\s* =").matcher(html);
// Matcher
Matcher mLine = Pattern.compile("\\n").matcher(html);
// <img>...
while (mImg.find()) {
// ALT
mAlt.region( mImg.start(1), mImg.end(1) );
// , ALT ,
// ,
if (! mAlt.find()) {
//
mLine.region(0, mImg.start());
int lineNum = 1; // 1
while (mLine.find())
lineNum++; //
// 1
System.out.println("Missing ALT attribute on line " + lineNum);
}
}
, mAlt
start(1), ,
HTML <img>.
start()
,
<img> (
).

, ,
, ,
reset
, .

:
matches
lookingAt
find() ( )
Matcher
:
find() ( )
replaceAll
replaceFirst
reset ( )
460
8. Java
,
(. . , start end)
,
.

:
Matcher region(int , int )

,
. ,
Matcher
, find
.
,
reset (
, reset 468).
Matcher,
( 463).

, , IndexOut
OfBoundsException.
int regionStart()

Matcher. 0.
int regionEnd()

Matcher. .
region (
, ,
. . 8.4
.
8.4.

Java
m.region(, m.regionEnd());
m.region(m.regionStart(), );
m.reset().region(, m.region
End());

m.region(0, );
Matcher
461

,
,
. ,
, ^
, .

.

( ,
) , (
,
/ (
).
, ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
, CharBuffer. ,
,
,
. ,
. ,
:
Madagas car is much too large to see on foot, so you'll need a car.
\bcar\b
automobile.
(
) ... ,
, Mada
gascar. ,
( false)
\b ,
. ,
. ,
\b s c
, \b.
462
8. Java
Matcher useTransparentBounds(boolean b)
true false,
.
false.
Matcher,
( 463).
boolean hasTransparentBounds()
true,
, false.
Matcher
false,
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,
.1 ,
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,
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false ( ):
String regex = "\\bcar\\b"; // \bcar\b
String text = "Madagascar is best seen by car or bike.";
m.region(7, text.length());
m.find();
System.out.println("Matches starting at character " + m.start());
:
Matches starting at character 7
,
, Mada
gas car, ,
. .
:
m.useTransparentBounds(true);
1
Java 1.5 Update 7 ,

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Sun. Pattern.MULTILINE ^ (
,
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463
find, :
Matches starting at character 27
,
s
\b .
bycarorbike.
,
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.

:
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true false
. true.
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( 463).
boolean hasAnchoringBounds()
true,
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. false

,
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,
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464
8. Java
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); //
Matcher m = p.matcher(text);
//
//
//
//
//
m.useAnchoringBounds(false);
//
//
//
//
.

Matcher.

.
^
.

.
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:
//
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m.useAnchoringBounds(false);
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//
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,
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,
):
Matcher m = Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(text).region(5,text.length())
.useAnchoringBounds(false).useTransparentBounds(true);
,
.

,
, , , ,
.
. 475.

Java 1.5 Matcher hitEnd requireEnd,
.
.
, , ,
var<34
IDENTIFIER LESS_THAN INTEGER.
,
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465
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)
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=,
LESS_THAN LESS_THEN_OR_EQUAL.
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, .
,

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boolean hitEnd()
( Java 1.5;
. 467.)

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boolean requireEnd()
,
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466
8. Java
,
. , requireEnd true,
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hitEnd requireEnd
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ireEnd lookingAt.

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lookingAt
hitEnd() requireEnd()
\d+\b | [><]=?
1234
1234
true
true
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1234>567
1234 >567
false
false
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>
>
true
false
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>567
> 567
false
false
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>=
>=
false
false
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>= 567
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false
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oops
false
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se
true
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set
set
true
10 (set | setup )\b
setu
true
11 (set | setup )\b
setup
setup
true
true
12 (set | setup )\b
setx=3
set x=3
false
false
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setupx
setup x
false
false
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self
false
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oops
false
true
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467
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( 145)

( ).
1
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, . 436 ,
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468
8. Java
, a|an|the
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, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE.
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Matcher ,
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Matcher:
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,
( 458).
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er: replaceAll, replaceFirst find ( ),
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Matcher, reset(), , ,
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Matcher. ,
m.pattern().pattern(),
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Matcher usePattern(Pattern p)
, Java 1.5, Pattern,
Matcher, , p.
reset Matcher,

Matcher
469
Matcher.
usePattern . 475.
Matcher,
( 463).
String toString()
, Java 1.5, ,
Matcher,
.
, ,
, Java 1.6 :
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("(\\w+)").matcher("ABC 123");
System.out.println(m.toString());
m.find();
System.out.println(m.toString());
:
java.util.regex.Matcher[pattern=(\w+) region=0,7 lastmatch=]
java.util.regex.Matcher[pattern=(\w+) region=0,7 lastmatch=ABC]
Java 1.4.2 Matcher toString,

java.lang.Object,
: java.util.regex.Matcher@480457.
Matcher
Matcher ,
,
, :
// ,
// .
static final Pattern pNeverFail = Pattern.compile("^");
// , Matcher.
public static String text(Matcher m)
{
// , .
Integer regionStart = m.regionStart();
Integer regionEnd = m.regionEnd();
Pattern pattern = m.pattern();
// .
String text = m.usePattern(pNeverFail).replaceFirst("");
// ,
// ( ).
m.usePattern(pattern).region(regionStart, regionEnd);
//
return text;
}
470
8. Java

String, replaceFirst,
.
Matcher,
. ( ;
, String,
);
, Sun
.
Pattern
compile, Pattern
:
split
,
.
String pattern()
,
Pattern.
String toString()
Java 1.5.
pattern.
int flags()
( ),
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Java 1.5.
,
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tern.quote("main()") \Qmain()\E,
\Qmain()\E,
main().
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,
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471
), ,
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Pattern, ,
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split Pattern
String[] split(CharSequence )
(CharSequence) ,
.
split String.
:
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(209, 204, 146 22),

\. .
,
.
,
,
:
String[] result = Pattern.compile("\\W+").split(Text):
What's up, Doc (What,

s, up, Doc),
. \W+
\P{L}+ [^\p{L}\p{N}_] ( 438).

,
, split, (. .
, ). ,
,
, ,
. :
String[] result = Pattern.compile("\\s*,\\s*").split(", one, two , ,, 3");

.
: , one, two, 3.
, ,
:
472
8. Java
String[] result = Pattern.compile(":").split(":xx:");
: xx.
split
, .
split Pattern
String[] split(CharSequence , int )
split
Pattern,
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.
split
,
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,
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3 , ).
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Friedl,Jeffrey,Eric Francis,America,Ohio,Rootstown
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// NameInfo[0]
// NameInfo[l]
// NameInfo[2] ( )
// NameInfo[3] . ,
//
473

, , . .,
?
.

WIDTH HEIGHT <img>
,
<img> HTML
WIDTH HEIGHT. (HTML
StringBuilder, StringBuffer
, CharSequence.)
, <img>
, .
,
,
.

, .1
<img>
SRC, WIDTH HEIGHT .
(WIDTH HEIGHT) ,
,
.
WIDTH
HEIGHT,
.
, ,
, ,
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WIDTH ,
, HEIGHT

;
.)
,
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1
Yahoo! :
<img> !.
, ,
, <img>
.
474
8. Java
( 458)
( 463). :
// Matcher <img>
// Matcher SRC, WIDTH HEIGHT
// ( )
Matcher mSrc
= Pattern.compile("(?ix)\\bSRC =(\\S+)").matcher(html);
Matcher mWidth = Pattern.compile("(?ix)\\bWIDTH =(\\S+)").matcher(html);
Matcher mHeight = Pattern.compile("(?ix)\\bHEIGHT=(\\S+)").matcher(html);
int imgMatchPointer = 0; //
while (mImg.find(imgMatchPointer))
{
imgMatchPointer = mImg.end(); // <img>
// ,
//
Boolean hasSrc
=
mSrc.region( mImg.start(1), mImg.end(1) ).find();
Boolean hasHeight = mHeight.region( mImg.start(1), mImg.end(1) ).find();
Boolean hasWidth = mWidth.region( mImg.start(1), mImg.end(1) ).find();
// SRC WIDTH / HEIGHT...
if (hasSrc && (! hasWidth || ! hasHeight))
{
java.awt.image.BufferedImage i = //
javax.imageio.ImageIO.read(new java.net.URL(mSrc.group(1)));
String size; // WIDTH / HEIGHT
if (hasWidth)
// ,
//
size = "height='" + (int)(Integer.parseInt(mWidth.group(1)) *
i.getHeight() / i.getWidth()) + "' ";
else if (hasHeight)
// , ,
//
size = "width='" + (int)(Integer.parseInt(mHeight.group(1)) *
i.getWidth() / i.getHeight()) + "' ";
else
//
//
size = "width='" + i.getWidth() + "' " +
"height='" + i.getHeight() + "' ";
html.insert(mImg.start(1), size); // HTML
imgMatchPointer += size.length(); //
}
}
,
.
,
,
475
. ,
,
. ( . 253
Perl
HTML.)
URL ,
,
.
,
.
HTML

Matcher
Java Perl,
HTML ( 172).
usePattern .

, \G.
. 172.
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
pAtEnd
pWord
pNonHtml
pImgTag
pLink
pLinkX
pEntity
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pattern.compile("\\G\\z");
Pattern.compile("\\G\\w+");
Pattern.compile("\\G[^\\w<>&]+");
Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)<img\\s+([^>]+)>");
Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)<A\\s+([^>]+)>");
Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)</A>");
Pattern.compile("\\G&(#\\d+;\\w+);");
Boolean needClose = false;

Matcher m = pAtEnd.matcher(html); // Matcher
// Pattern
while (! m.usePattern(pAtEnd).find())
{
if (m.usePattern(pWord).find()) {
... m.group(),
...
} else if (m.usePattern(pImgTag).find()) {
... <img> ...
} else if (! needClose && m.usePattern(pLink).find()) {
... ...
needClose = true;
} else if (needClose && m.usePattern(pLinkX).find()) {
System.out.println("/LINK [" + m.group() + "]");
needClose = false;
} else if (m.usePattern(pEntity).find()) {
// , > {
} else if (m.usePattern(pNonHtml).find()) {
476
8. Java
// ( ), HTML
//
} else {
// ,
// . .
// ,
//
m.usePattern(Pattern.compile("\\G(?s).{1,12}")).find();
System.out.println("Bad char before '" + m.group() + "'");
System.exit(1);
}
}
if (needClose) {
System.out.println("Missing Final </A>");
System.exit(1);
}
java.util.regex , ,
pNonHtml
,
,
. ,
,
,
. Sun.

find, ? ,
.
CSV
CSV 6
(330) java.util.regex.
:
(184) .
String regex = // (1),
// (2)
" \\G(?:^|,)
" (?:
"
# ...
"
\" #
"
( [^\"]*+ (?: \"\" [^\"]*+ )*+ )
"
\" #
" | # ......
"
# ...
"
([^\",]*+)
" )
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n"+
\n";
// Matcher CSV ,
// , .
Java
477
Matcher mMain = Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.COMMENTS).matcher(line);

// Matcher "", .
Matcher mQuote = Pattern.compile("\"\"").matcher("");
while (mMain.find())
{
String field;
if (mMain.start(2) >= 0)
field = mMain.group(2); //
else
// ,
// .
field = mQuote.reset(mMain.group(1)).replaceAll("\"");
// ...
System.out.println("Field [" + field + "]");
}
, . 273,
; ,
( 6, . 330),
, Matcher
.
Java
,
Java 1.5.0.
Java 1.4.2 Java 1.6
( , ).
, ,
, 1.4.2 1.5.0
(Update 7) 1.5.0 59g
Java 1.6.
1.4.2 1.5.0
Java 1.5.0 Java 1.4.2
.
Matcher.
, .
.1
(?1), Ja
va 1.4.2, Java 1.5.0.
PCRE (564),
Java.
478
8. Java
Java 1.5.0
Matcher,
Java 1.4.2:
region
regionStart
regionEnd
useAnchoringBounds
hasAnchoringBounds
useTransparentBounds
hasTransparentBounds

find,
. 476.
java.util.regex,
. 476,
,
find .

find , ,
.
, . 476,
:
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Boolean
Matcher
pWord
= Pattern.compile("\\G\\w+");
pNonHtml = Pattern.compile("\\G[^\\w<>&]+");
pImgTag = Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)<img\\s+([^>]+)>");
pLink
= Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)<A\\s+([^>]+)>");
pLinkX = Pattern.compile("\\G(?i)</A>");
pEntity = Pattern.compile("\\G&(#\\d+;\\w+);");
needClose = false;
m = pWord.matcher(html); // Matcher
// Pattern
Integer currentLoc = 0;
//
while (currentLoc < html.length())
{
if (m.usePattern(pWord).find(currentLoc)) {
... m.group(),
...
} else if (m.usePattern(pImgTag).find(currentLoc)) {
... <img> ...
} else if (! needClose && m.usePattern(pLink).find(currentLoc)) {
... ...
needClose = true;
Java
479
} else if (needClose && m.usePattern(pLinkX).find(currentLoc)) {

System.out.println("/LINK [" + m.group() + "]");
needClose = false;
} else if (m.usePattern(pEntity).find(currentLoc)) {
// , > {
} else {
// ,
// . .
// ,
// .
m.usePattern(Pattern.compile("\\G(?s).{1,12}")).find(cur
rentLoc);
System.out.println("Bad char at '" + m.group() + "'");
System.exit(1);
}
currentLoc = m.end(); // " " ,
//
}
if (needClose) {
System.out.println("Missing Final </A>");
System.exit(1);
}

find,
Matcher, ,
.
,
region
find, :
m.usePattern(pWord).region(start,end).find(currentLoc)
Matcher, Java 1.4.2:
toMatchResult
hitEnd
requireEnd
usePattern
toString
Java 1.4.2:
Pattern.quote
1.4.2 1.5.0
Java 1.4.2 Java 1.5.0,
:
480
8. Java
Java 1.5.0 4.0.0, Ja

va 1.4.2 3.0.0.
, (, 3.0.0
\uFFFF),
.
,
\p{} \P{}. (
Java, Charac
ter.UnicodeBlock.)
Java 1.4.2 :
In. ,
: \p{InHangulJamo} \p{InAra
bicPresentationFormsA}.
Java 1.5.0
. , In
; , \p{InHan
gulJamo} \p{InArabicPresentationFormsA}. ,
In Java (
,
): \p{In
Hangul_Jamo} \p{InArabic_Presentation_Forms_A}.
Java 1.5.0 ,
1.4.2, Arabic
Presentation Forms!B Latin Extended!B,
B Bound, . .
\p{InArabicPresentationFormsBound} \p{InLatinExtendedBound}.
Java 1.5.0 Character isSomet
hing ( 441).
1.5.0 1.6.0
Java 1.6, (
),
1.5.0, :
Java 1.6 Pi Pf,
.
Java 1.6 \Q\E,
.
9
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\w.
VB.NET ("\w") (ver
batim) C# (@"\w"). ,
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( 135).
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\b Backspace ;
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483
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( 163). ,
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151 (C)
\a [\b] \e \f \n \r \t \0 \x## \u#### \c

155
: [] [^]
156
: (
)
158 (C) : \w \d \s \W \D \S
157 (C) : \{} \{}

169
/ : ^ \A
169
/ : $ \Z \z
171
: \G
174
: \b \
175
: (?=) (?!) (?<=) (?<!)

176
177
: (?).
: s m i n (485)
: (?:)
177
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178
: () \1 \2 ...
515
: (?<>)
485
178
: (?<>)
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180
: (?>)
181
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183
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184
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486
: (?if then | else) if

, () ()
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484
9. .NET
\w, \d \s ( )

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ASCII.
\w \p{Ll}, \p{Lu},
\p{Lt}, \p{Lo}, \p{Nd} \{}. : \p{Lm}
( . 160).
\s [\f\n\r\t\v\x85\p{Z}]. U+0085
, a \p{Z}
( 159).
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4.0.1.
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Is ( . 164)

. , \p{Is_Greek_Extended} \p{Is Greek Exten
ded} ; \p{IsGreekEx
tended}.
, \p{Lu};

(. . \pL \{L}
) ( . 159 160).
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485
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(146)
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ons.Compiled ,
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ons.ECMAScript, .
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RegexOptions?
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RegexOptlons.lgnoreCase;
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RegexOptions.Compiled.
\w, \d \s ( \W, \D \S)

ASCII.
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491
,
TestStr String. ,
.

:
If Regex.IsMatch (TestStr, "^\s*$")
Console.WriteLine("line is empty")
Else
Console.WriteLine("line is not empty")
End If
:
If Regex.IsMatch(TestStr, "^subject:", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase)
Console.WriteLine("line is a subject line")
Else
Console.WriteLine("line is not a subject line")
End If

,
. , TheNum
.
Dim TheNum as String = Regex.Match (TestStr, "\d+").Value
If TheNum <> ""
Console.WriteLine("Number is:" & TheNum}
End If
:
Dim ImgTag as String = Regex.Match(TestStr, "<img\b[^>]*>", _
RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Value
If ImgTag <> ""
Console.WriteLine("Image tag:" & ImgTag)
End If

(. . $1)
:
Dim Subject as String = _
Regex.Match(TestStr, "^Subject: (.*)").Groups(l).Value
If Subject <> ""
Console.WriteLine("Subject is:" & Subject)
End If
C# Groups(1) Groups[1].
To :
492
9. .NET
Regex.Match(TestStr, "^subject: (.*)", _
RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Groups(l).Value
If Subject <> ""
Console.WriteLine("Subject is: " & Subject)
End If
To , :
Regex.Match(TestStr, "^subject: (?<Subj>.*)", _
RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Groups("Subj").Value
If Subject <> ""
Console.WriteLine("Subject is: " & Subject)
End If

HTML, HTML
:
TestStr = Regex.Replace(TestStr, "&", "&")
TestStr = Regex.Replace(TestStr, "<", "<")
TestStr = Regex.Replace(TestStr, ">". ">")
Console.WriteLine("Now safe in HTML: " & TestStr)
( ) ,
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, .
, ,
:
TestStr = Regex.Replace(TestStr, "\b[AZ]\w*", "$&")
Console.WriteLine("Modified string: " & TestStr)
 ( )
:
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RegexOptlons.IgnoreCase)
Console.WriteLine("Modified string: " & TestStr)

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. ,
,
:
Option Explicit On '
Option Strict On ' , .
.NET
493
' ,
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Module SimpleTest
Sub Main()
Dim SampleText as String = "this is the 1st test string"
Dim R as Regex = New Regex("\d+\w+") ' .
Dim M as Match = R.match(SampleText) ' .
If not M.Success
Console.WriteLine("no match")
Else
Dim MatchedText as String = M.Value ' ...
Dim MatchedFrom as Integer = M.Index
Dim MatchedLen as Integer = M.Length
Console.WriteLine("matched [" & MatchedText & "]" & _
" from char#" & MatchedFrom.ToString() & _
" for " & MatchedLen.ToString() & " chars.")
End If
End Sub
End Module

\d+\w+ :
matched [1st] from char#12 for 3 chars.

Imports.System.Text.RegularExpressions
? VB,
,
.
# :
using System.Text.RegularExpressions; // #
.
:
Dim R as Regex = New Regex("\d+\w+") ' .
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:
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\s+(\d+) y16, 1998.
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Value
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Success
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8
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true
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495
Regex
Regex:
Dim R as Regex = New Regex("\s+(\d+)")
,
\s+(\d+), R.
Regex Match(),
:
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OR:
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ArgumentException.
, ,
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497
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). :
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Try
R = New Regex(SearchRegex)
Catch e As ArgumentException
Console.WriteLine("*ERROR* bad regex: " & e.ToStrlng)
Exit Sub
End Try
,
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,
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RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace

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chr(10), :
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#
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(?#).
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..
.
If R.IsMatch(Line) Then
' ...
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16
RegexObj.Match("May 16, 1998", 9)
99
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99 99 99
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, :
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For I = 0 to BunchOfMatches.Count 1
Dim MatchObj as Match = BunchOfMatches.Item(I)
Console.WriteLine("Match: " & MatchObj.Value)
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:
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, :
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as New Regex("\s+")
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..
.
Target = AnyWS.Replace(Target, " ", 1. LeadingWS.Match (Target).Length)
502
9. .NET
somerandomspacing so
merandomspacing. , LeadingWS,
( , )
.
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, .
Length ; , AnyWS
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.

:

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,

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,
:
Target = R.Replace(Target, "<<$&>>"))
Function MatchFunc(ByVal M as Match) as String
return M.Result("<<$&>>")
End Function
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.
.
.
Target = R.Replace(Target, Evaluator)

<<>>.
,
. Match
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' $1
'
Dim Celsius as Double = Double.Parse(M.Groups(1).Value)
Dim Fahrenheit as Double = Celsius * 9/5 + 32
Return Fahrenheit & "F" ' "F"
End Function
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.
.
.
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Target = R_Temp.Replace(Target, Evaluator)
Target Temp is 37C.,

Temp is 98.6F..
504
9. .NET
RegexObj.Split()
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:
String
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. :
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(209, 204, 146 22), \. .
Replace ,
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506
9. .NET
gexOptions.RightToLeft. Options Regex

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,
:
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16 Singleline
1 IgnoreCase
32 IgnorePatternWhitespace
2 Multiline
64 RightToLeft
4 ExplicitCapture
256 ECMAScript
8 Compiled
128 Microsoft
.
.

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R:
' Regex, R
Console.WriteLine("Regex is: " & R.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Options are: " & R.Options)
If R.RightToLeft
Console.WriteLine("Is RightToLeft: True")
Else
Console.WriteLine("Is RightToLeft: False")
End If
Dim S as String
For Each S in R.GetGroupNames()
Console.WriteLine("Name """ & S & """ is Num #" & _
R.GroupNumberFromName(S))
Next
Console.WriteLine("")
Dim I as Integer
For Each I in R.GetGroupNumbers()
Console.WriteLine("Num #" & I & " is Name """ & _
R.GroupNameFromNumber(I) & """")
Next
Regex,

New Regex("^(\w+)://[^/]+)(/\S*)")
New Regex("^(?<proto>\w+)://(?<host>[^/]+)(?<page>/\S*)",
RegexOptions.Compiled)
507
:
Regex is: ^(\w+)://([^/]+)(/\S*)
Option are: 0
Is RightToLeft: False
Name "0" is Num #0
Name "1" is Num #1
Name "2" is Num #2
Name "3" is Num #3

Num #0 is Name "0"
Num #1 is Name "1"
Num #2 is Name "2"
Num #3 is Name "3"
Regex is: ^(?<proto>\w+)://(?<host>

Option are: 8
Is RightToLeft: False
Name "0" is Num #0
Name "proto" is Num #1
Name "host" is Num #2
Name "page" is Num #3

Num #0 is Name "0"
Num #1 is Name "proto"
Num #2 is Name "host"
Num #3 is Name "page"
Match
Match Match Regex,
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Match. ,
.
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MatchObj.Success
.
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MatchObj.Value
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508
9. .NET
Count Item,
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M.Groups(3) Group,
, M.Groups("HostName")
HostName (,
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# M.Groups[3] M.Groups["HostName"].
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:
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:
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M.Result("$'") '

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510
9. .NET
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.
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9. .NET
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If ThisMatch.Success
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End If
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. , , ,
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bin
JfriedlsRegexLibrary.DLL.
.
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,
:
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.
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.
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'
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' Field
FieldMatch = FieldMatch.NextMatch
End While
514
9. .NET

jfriedl,
jfriedl.CSV. Regex
:
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.

:
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.
,
.
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.
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Module BuildMyLibrary
Sub Main()
' RegexCompilationInfo
' , ,
' . ,
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' "jfriedl.Mail.Subject".
Dim RCInfo() as RegexCompilatlonInfo = {
New RegexCompilationlnfo(
"^Subject:\s*(.*)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase,
"Subject", "jfriedl.Mail", true),
New RegexCompilationInfo(
"^From:\s*(.*)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase,
"From", "jfriedl.Mail", true),
New RegexCompilationInfo(
_
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_
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_
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515
.NET
"\G(?:^|,)
" &
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" (?# ... )
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... )
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" (?<UnquotedField> [^"",]* )
" &
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RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace,
"GetField", "jfriedl.CSV", true)
'
Dim AN as AssemblyName = new AssemblyName()
AN.Name = "JfriedlsRegexLibrary"
' DLL
AN.Version = New Version("l.0.0.0")
Regex.CompileToAssembly(RCInfo, AN) '
End Sub
End Module
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u) , \w,
ASCII.
\w
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1
PHP PCRE,
, ,
PHP 4.4.3 5.1.4 (
).
.
522
10. PHP
10.1. preg PHP

151 (C) \ [\b] \e \f \n \r \t \ \x \x{} \c

155
: [] [^] (
POSIX [:alpha:] 166)
156
, : (
s )
157 (U) : \
158 (C) : \w \d \s \W \D \S ( 8
)
159 (C) ,
(U) \P{}
157
\p{},
(
): \C

169
/ : ^ \A
169
/ : $ \Z \z
171
: \G
174
: \b \B ( 8 )
175
: (?=) (?!) (?<=) (?<!)

527
: (?(). :
s m i X U
527
: (?(:)
177
: (?#) ( x, #
)
, ,
178
: () \1 \2 ...
180
: (?P<>) (?P=)
178
: (?:)
180
: (?>)
181
: |
563
: (?R) (?) (?P>)
182
: (?if then|else) if
, (R) ()
183
: * + ? {n} {n,} {min, max}
184
: *? +? ?? {n}? {n,}? {min, max}?
PHP
523

184
: *+ ++ ?+ {n}+ {n,}+ {min, max}+

177 (C) : \Q \E
(C)
(U) u 528

( PCRE,
preg 123.)
PHP 4.1.0.

Is In, : \p{Cyrillic} ( 159).

, \p{Lu}, \p{L} \pL ( 159).
\p{Letter} .
preg
, \C
, (?s:.) s
.. , u,
preg
UTF8, . . ,
6 . \C
.
. 157.
\z \Z
, \Z
.
$ m D
( 527): \$ \Z (

, );
m
; D \z (
).
, m D, D .
,
,

( 174).
x (
) ASCII.
.
524
10. PHP
preg
PHP
( 127),
, . 10.2.
,
,
.
10.2. PHP
Preg
531 preg_match
536 preg_match_all
542 preg_replace
548 preg_replace_callback
551 preg_split
556 preg_grep
,
/

557 preg_quote
;
.
538 reg_match
preg_match,
,
558 preg_regex_to_pattern
preg

562 preg_pattern_error
preg

562 preg_regex_error

, ,
.
, ,
,
PHP:
/* , HTML <table> */
if (preg_match('/^<table\b/i', $tag))
preg
525
print "tag is a table tag\n";

/* , */
if (preg_match('/^?\d+$/', $user_input))
print "user input is an integer\n";
/* HTML <title> */
if (preg_match('{<title>(.*?)</title>}si', $html, $matches))
print "page title: $matches[1]\n";
/* ,
*/
$metric = preg_replace('/(?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)/e',
/* */
'floor(($132)*5/9 + 0.5)', /* , */
$string);
/* , CSV */
$values_array = preg_split('!\s*,\s*!', $comma_separated_values);
, Lar
ry,Curly,Moe, : Lar
ry, Curly Moe.

preg
, ,
,
. '/<table\b/i',
<table\b,
(),
i ( ).
PHP

,
PHP .
3 ( 137),
,

. PHP
, ,
. \' \\,
' \ .
\\
,
.
526
10. PHP
\ \\, ,
\\, \\\\. ,
!
(
. 560.)
,

Windows, C:\.
: ^[AZ]:\\$,
: '^[AZ]:\\\\$'.
. 240 ( 5) ,
^.*\\ '/^.*\\\/'
. , ,
:
print
print
print
print
'/^.*\/';
'/^.*\\/';
'/^.*\\\/';
'/^.*\\\\/';
:
:
:
:
/^.*\/
/^.*\/
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,
. \/,
, ,
,
.
\\
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.
, PHP
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preg ,
,
Perl ,
.
,
,
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. 530.)
,
,
preg
527
ASCII .

! #.

:
{ ( < [

:
} ) > ]

, . .
: '((\d+))'.
,
,
.
: '/(\d+)/'.
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!!, '{(.*?)}i',
{}.

,
,

( PHP ).

i, .
:
!
i
m
s
x
145
147
146
146
(?i)
(?m)
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528

u
X
(?X)
528
PCRE
528
10. PHP
!
543
PHP ( preg_replace)
567
(study)
(?U)
528
* *?,
528

528 $ (EOS),
. (
m.)

(, (?i)
, (?i) 176).

, ,
.
(
( 177), (?i:)
, (?sm:)
s m .

, : si

:
if (preg_match('{<title>(.*?)</title>}si', $html, $captures))
, PHP

3 ( 145). e
preg_replace
( 543).
u
,
UTF8.
preg
529
,
. (. . u), preg
8
( 119). u,
,
UTF8,
. UTF8,
ASCII, ,
u ,
.
X
PCRE, :

, .
, \k
PCRE, k (
,
). X
unrecognized character follows \ (
\).
, PHP
PCRE,
.
( )
,
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,
.
S study PCRE,
,

.
,
, . 566.

:
A ,
,
\G.
4,
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D , $
\z ( 147), . . $

.
530
10. PHP
U
: * *? , +
+? , . . ,
, ,
.

, ,
, un
known modifier ( ).
,

.
, HTML :
preg_match('<(\w+)([^>]*)>', $html)
, <
, preg_match
,
( , ).
< (\w+)([^ >]*)>,
,
, ,
.
(\w+)([^
,
,
]*)>
. ,
,
:
Warning: Unknown modifier ']'
, ,
:
preg_match('/<(\w+)(.*?)>/', $html)

PHP,
, ,
, . ,
, ; ,
, .
531
preg
, PHP 5
:
Warning: preg_match(): Unknown modifier ']'

,
.
, ,
, (
. :
preg_match('<(\w+)(.*?)>', $html)
,
(\w+)(.*?)
. , ,
, .
.
preg

, , preg_match,
:
?.
preg_match
preg_match(, [, [, [, ]]])
,
,
( 525).
, .
,
.
,
.
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE ( 535).
,
.
( 536).
532
10. PHP

true,
false.
,
preg_match($pattern, $subject)
true, $pattern
$subject.
:
if (preg_match('/\.(jpe?g|png|gif|bmp)$/i', $url)) {
/* URL */
}
if (preg_match('{^https?://}', $uri)) {
/* http https */
}
if (preg_match('/\b MSIE \b/x', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) {
/* IE */
}

preg_match
, .
,
$matches. , $matches
,
,
preg_match.
preg_match true,
$matches :
$matches[0]
$matches[1] ,
$matches[2] ,
.
.
.

(
).
, 5
( 241):
/* */
if (preg_match('{ / ([^/]+) $}x', $WholePath, $matches))
$FileName = $matches[1];
533
preg
$matches ( ,
)
, preg_match true. false
(,
).
$matches ,
, ,
,
$matches preg_match.
,
:
/* , URL */
if (preg_match('{^(https?):// ([^/:]+) (?: :(\d+) )? }x', $url, $matches))
{
$proto = $matches[1];
$host = $matches[2];
$port = $matches[3] ? $matches[3] : ($proto == "http" ? 80 : 443);
print "Protocol: $proto\n";
print "Host : $host\n";
print "Port : $port\n";
}
,

, ,

$matches.1 , (
, ,
$matches.
, (\d+) ,
$matches[3] , $match
es[3] .

( 180).
, :
/* , URL */
if (preg_match('{^(?P<proto> https? ) ://
(?P<host> [^/:]+ )
(?: : (?P<port> \d+
) )? }x', $url, $matches))
1
,
NULL,
. 538.
534
10. PHP
{
$proto = $matches['proto'];
$host = $matches['host'];
$port = $matches['port'] ? $matches['port'] : ($proto== "http" ? 80 : 443);
print "Protocol: $proto\n";
print "Host
: $host\n";
print "Port
: $port\n";
}
, ,
$matches
. ,
, , $match
es. ,
:
/* , URL */
if (preg_match('{^(?P<proto> https? )://
(?P<host> [^/:]+ )
(?: : (?P<port> \d+
) )? }x', $url, $UrlInfo))
{
if (! $UrlInfo['port'])
$UrlInfo['port'] = ($UrlInfo['proto'] == "http" ? 80 : 443);
echo "Protocol: ", $UrlInfo['proto'], "\n";
echo "Host
: ", $UrlInfo['host'], "\n";
echo "Port
: ", $UrlInfo['port'], "\n";
}
$matches
, . ,
$url, http://re
gex.info/, $UrlInfo :
array
(
0
'proto'
1
'host'
2
)
=>
=>
=>
=>
=>
'http://regex.info',
'http',
'http',
'regex.info',
'regex.info'
,
,
.

$matches,
$matches[0], .
: 3 port
,
535
preg
(
533).
,
, : (?P<2>).
PHP 4 PHP 5
, , .

.
:
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
preg_match ,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE (
preg_match), $matches
,
.
, ,
( 1,
).
, .
preg_match $offset
, ,
.
,
u ( 528).
HREF
<a>. HTML ,
.
,
, :
preg_match('/href \s*=\s* (?: "([^"]*)" ; \'([^\']*)\' ; ([^\s\'">]+) )/ix',
$tag,
$matches,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
, $tag
<a name=bloglink href='http://regex.info/blog/' rel="nofollow">
$matches :
array
(
/* */
0 => array ( 0 => "href='http://regex.info/blog/'",
1 => 17 ),
/* */
1 => array ( 0 => "",
536
10. PHP
1 => 1 ),
/* */
2 => array ( 0 => "http://regex.info/blog/",
1 => 23 )
)
$matches[0][0]
, $matches[0][1]
.
,
$matches[0][0], :
substr($tag, $matches[0][1], strlen($matches[0][0]));
$matches[1][1] 1, ,
.
, ,
( 533), ,
, $matches.

preg_match ,

(, ,
).
(. . ).
:
, u.
(
) ,
.
, ^
,
,
. , ,
, .
preg_match_all
preg_match_all(, , [, [, ]])
,
,
( 525).
, .
537
preg
,
.
,
:
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE ( 540).
/ :
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER ( 538)
PREG_SET_ORDER ( 539)
,
. .
( , preg_match
536.)

preg_match_all .
preg_match_all preg_match,
,
, .
,

,
.
:
if (preg_match_all('/<title>/i', $html, $all_matches) > 1)
print "whoa, document has more than one <title>!\n";
(,
) preg_match_all ,
preg_match.
preg_match_all , ,
.

preg_match ,
. preg_match
,
$matches . preg_match_all
,
, $matches,
. ,
preg_match_all
$all_matches, $matches,
preg_match.
538
10. PHP

preg_match $matches
,
( ,
,
$matches).
, ,
,
, NULL.
preg_match (
reg_match), PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE

,
NULL
$matches:
function reg_match($regex, $subject, &$matches, $offset = 0)
{
$result = preg_match($regex, $subject, $matches,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset);
if ($result) {
$f = create_function('&$X', '$X = $X[1] < 0 ? NULL : $X[0];');
array_walk($matches, $f);
}
return $result;
}
, reg_match,
, preg_match ,
, , (
, ,
NULL.
preg_match_all
$all_matches,
: PREG_PATTERN_ORDER PREG_SET_ORDER.
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER
,
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER (
). ,
,
, :
$subject = "
Jack A. Smith
539
preg
Mary B. Miller";
/*
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER */
preg_match_all('/^(\w+) (\w\.) (\w+)$/m', $subject, $all_matches);
$all_matches :
array
(
/* $all_matches[0] */
0 => array ( 0 => "Jack A. Smith", /* */
1 => "Mary B. Miller" /* */ ),
/* $all_matches[1] , */
1 => array ( 0 => "Jack", /* */
1 => "Mary" /* */ ),
2 => array ( 0 => "A.", /* */
1 => "B."
/+ */ ),
3 => array ( 0 => "Smith", /* */
1 => "Miller" /* */ )
)
,

.
,
($all_matches[0]),

($all_matches[1]) . .

$all_matches, PREG_SET_ORDER
.
PREG_SET_ORDER
PREG_SET_ORDER
. ,
, $all_matches[0],
, , $all_matches[1],
. . ,
preg_match,
$matches $all_matches.
,
PREG_SET_ORDER:
$subject = "
Jack A. Smith
540
10. PHP
Mary B. Miller";
preg_match_all('/^(\w+) (\w\.) (\w+)$/m', $subject,
$all_matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
$all_matches :
array
(
/* $all_matches[0] , $matches,
preg_match */
0 => array ( 0 => "Jack A. Smith", /* */
1 => "Jack", /* */
2 => "A.",
/* */
3 => "Smith" /* */,
/* $all_matches[1] , $matches,
preg_match */
1 => array ( 0 => "Mary B. Miller", /* */
1 => "Mary", /* */
2 => "B.",
/* */
3 => "Miller" /* */,
)
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER

.
$all_matches[__][_]
PREG_SET_ORDER
.
$all_matches[_][__]
preg_match_all PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
preg_match_all, preg_match,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE,
(leaf element) $all_matches
( ), . . $all_matches
( ).
: PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE PREG_SET_
ORDER, :
preg_match_all($pattern, $subject, $all_matches,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE | PREG_SET_ORDER);
preg_match_all
$all_matches
,
( preg_match
533).
541
preg
$subject = "
Jack A. Smith
Mary B. Miller";
/*
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER */
preg_match_all('/^(?P<Given>\w+) (?P<Middle>\w\.) (?P<Family>\w+)$/m',
$subject, $all_matches);
$all_matches :
array
(
0
=> array ( 0 => "Jack A. Smith", 1 => "Mary B. Miller" ),
"Given" => array ( 0 => "Jack",

1
=> array ( 0 => "Jack",
1 => "Mary" ),
1 => "Mary" ),
"Middle" => array ( 0 => "A.",

2
=> array ( 0 => "A.",
1 => "B." ),
1 => "B." ),
"Family" => array ( 0 => "Smith",

3
=> array ( 0 => "Smith",
1 => "Miller" ),
1 => "Miller" )
PREG_SET_ORDER:
$subject = "
Jack A. Smith
Mary B. Miller";
preg_match_all('/^(?P<Given>\w+) (?P<Middle>\w\.) (?P<Family>\w+)$/m',
$subject, $all_matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
$all_matches :
array
(
0 => array ( 0
=> "Jack A. Smith",
Given => "Jack",

1
=> "Jack",
Middle => "A.",
2
=> "A.",
Family => "Smith",
3
=> "Smith" ),
1 => array ( 0
=> "Mary B. Miller",
Given => "Mary",

1
=> "Mary",
Middle => "B.",
2
=> "B.",
Family => "Miller",
3
=> "Miller" )
)
542
10. PHP
,

, . . ,
.
, , .
preg_replace
preg_replace(, , [, [, ]])

,
, .
,
.
, ,

. e
( )
PHP (543).
, .
(
).
,
( 544).
,
( PHP 5 544).

,
( ,
). ,
(
, ).
PHP
. ,
, str_rep
lace str_ireplace,
preg_replace.

HTML.
:
? (
preg
543
) ,
,

,
?1 ,
:
$card_number = preg_replace('/\D+/', '', $card_number);
/* $card_number
*/
.
, preg_replace
$card_number,
( ), ,
, $card_number.
preg_replace
,
(, )
, . ,
, preg_repla
ce ,
, ,
,
.
$0
, $1
, $2 . . :
$ ,
, ,

preg_replace. ,
, , : ${0} ${1},
,
.
, ,
, HTML
:
$html = preg_replace('/\b[AZ]{2,}\b/', '$0', $html);
e (
preg_replace),
1
, ,
No Dashes Or Spaces .
: http://www.unixwiz.net/ndos(shame.html.
544
10. PHP
PHP,
,
.
, , ,
:
$html = preg_replace('/\b[AZ]{2,}\b/e',
'strtolower("$0")',
$html);
, HEY,
$0.
: strtolower("HEY"),
PHP,
hey .
e
:
.

PHP.
e
,
,
.
PHP
htmlspecialchars():
$replacement = array ('&'
'<'
'>'
'"'
=>
=>
=>
=>
'&',
'<',
'>',
'"');
$new_subject = pregRreplace('/[&<">]/eS', '$replacement["$0"]', $subject);
,
$replacement PHP
, preg_rep
lace .
, PHP ,
preg_replace.
S
( 567).
preg_replace (
, (
,
). 1,
.
(
PHP 4), ,
545
preg
preg_replace .
, ,
,
(
.
,
,
,
.
.
, .
,
,
.
, .

,

, ,

, ,
,
, .
:
,
.
, ,
, .
preg_replace,
.
PHP
htmlspecialchars(),
HTML:
$cooked = preg_replace(
/* */ array('/&/', '/</', '/>/', '/"/' ),
/*
*/ array('&', '<', '>', '"'),
/* */ $text
);
546
10. PHP
$text :
AT&T > "baby Bells"
$cooked :
AT&T > "baby Bells"
, .
(
):
$patterns
= array('/&/', '/</', '/>/', '/"/' );
$replacements = array('&', '<', '>', '"');
$cooked = preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $text);
, preg_replace
(

),
. , , .

, PHP,
.
,
:
$result_array = preg_replace($regex_array, $replace_array, $subject_array);
:
$result_array = array();
foreach ($subject_array as $subject)
{
reset($regex_array); // ,
reset($replace_array); //
while (list(,$regex) = each($regex_array))
{
list(,$replacement) = each($replace_array);
// ,
//
$subject = preg_replace($regex, $replacement, $subject);
}
//
//
$result_array[] = $subject; // ... .
}

, , ,

preg
547
, . . ,
(,
, , (
, . .). , ,
array(), , ,
, :
$subject = "this has 7 words and 31 letters";
$result = preg_replace(array('/[az]+/', '/\d+/'),
array('word<$0>', 'num<$0>'),
$subject);
print "result: $result\n";
[az]+ words<$0>,
\d+ num<$0>, :
result: word<this> word<has> num<7> word<words> word<and> num<31>
word<letters>
,
,

(. . , ).
, preg_replace
,
each,
, .

,
ksort(),
.
,
, ,
.

, ,
. , ,
(
) ? ,
?
$subject = "this has 7 words and 31 letters";
$result = preg_replace(array('/\d+/', '/[az]+/'),
array('num<\0>', 'word<\0>'),
$subject);
print "result: $result\n";
, .
548
10. PHP
preg_replace_callback
preg_replace_callback(, , [, [, ]])
,
,
( 525). ,
.
,
,
.
, .
(
).
,
( 544).
,
( PHP 5.1.0
544).

,
( ,
). ,
(
, ).
preg_replace_callback preg_re
place, , ( )
preg_replace_callback .
preg_replace, e
( 543), (
,
).

PHP, ,
,

. preg_replace_callback

,
( $matches).
, .
549
preg
. 547.
. 547 ( ,
):
result: word<this> word<has> word<num><7> word<words>
word<and> word<num><31> word<letters>
, ,
, , preg_replace
(. ., (
)
, .
/
num<>,
num , num
word<num>,
.
,

preg_replace.
.
: ,
. :
PHP create_function.
.
,
,
,
( ).
. 544,
preg_replace_callback .
:
$replacement = array ('&' => '&',
'<' => '<',
'>' => '>',
'"' => '"');
/*
* $matches ,
* $matches[0] ,
* HTML.
* HTML.
* ,
550
10. PHP
*
* .
*/
function text2html_callback($matches)
{
global $replacement;
return $replacement[$matches[0]];
}
$new_subject = preg_replace_callback('/[&<">]/S', /* */
"text2html_callback", /* */
$subject);
$subject
"AT&T" sounds like "ATNT"
$new_subject :
"AT&T" sounds like "ATNT"
text2html_callback PHP,

preg_replace_callback, text2html_
callback $matches (
, ,
$matches).
,
( PHP
create_function). ,
$replacement , .
,
,
preg_replace_callback:
$new_subject = preg_replace_callback('/[&<">]/S',
create_function('$matches',
'global $replacement;
return $replacement[$matches[0]];'),
$subject);
e

e preg_replace, preg_replace_callback.
, ,
e ,
,
PHP. ,
preg_replace_callback (
).
551
preg
preg_split
preg_split(, [, , [ ]])

,
,
( 525).
, .
,
, .
,
.
:
PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY
PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE
PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE
. 554.

( . 539).

.
preg_split
. (
(
).
, .
preg_split
preg_match_all, preg_split ,
. ,
preg_split , ,
,
. preg_split
(
) explode.

, ,
.
explode:
$tickers = explode(' ', $input);
552
10. PHP
,

. preg_split
\s+ :
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, ,
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), , YHOO, MSFT, GOOG.
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553
. ,
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554
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,
1, . C ,
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.
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preg_split ,
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555
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, , .
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,
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.
,
. 552:
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DELIM_CAPTURE,
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556
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557
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558
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560
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561
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,
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( 184) ,
.
:
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\G(?:^|,)
(?:
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" #
| # ......
# ... , ...
( [^",]*+ )
)
}x';
CSV,
$line:
/* , $all_matches
*/
preg_match_all($csv_regex, $line, $all_matches);
/* $Result , $all_matches */
570
10. PHP
$Result = array ();
/* ... */
for ($i = 0; $i < count($all_matches[0]); $i++)
{
/*
* */
if (strlen($all_matches[2][$i]) > 0)
array_push($Result, $all_matches[2][$i]);
else
{
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* */
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/* $Result */

: XML (XHTML
)
.
:
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(
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:
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[^>]*+(?<!/)>(?1)</\2>.
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572
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(?<!/)
( 175), /
.
>,
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,
).
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(?1)
.
, .
,
, ,
(
). </ </\2>
, ,
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HTML ,
,
(?i) i.
!

\w++ <(\w++)
[^>]*+(?<!/)>.
,

( 180), \b (\w+),
: <(\w+)\b[^>]*(?<!/)>.
\b , ,
li <link></li>.
nk
,
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.

, ,
\w+
,
<link></li>. \b
.
573
, preg PHP
,
\w++
, \b,
.
XML
XML ,
.
XML, CDATA
.
XML
<!.*?> (?s)
s,
.
CDATA, <![CDATA[]]>,
<!\[CDATA\[.*?]]>, (
XML, <?xmlversion="1.0"?>,
<\?.*?\?>.
, <!ENTITY>,
<!ENTITY\b.*?>. XML
,
<!ENTITY\b.*?> <![AZ].*?>.
, , ,
XML.
, :
$xmlRregex = '{
^(
(?: <(\w++) [^>]*+ (?<!/)> (?1) </\2> #
|[^<>]++
#
| <\w[^>]*+/>
#
| <!.*?>
#
| <!\[CDATA\[.*?]]>
# cdata
| <\?.*?\?>
#
| <![AZ].*?>
# .
)*+
)$
}sx';
if (preg_match($xml_regex, $xml_string))
echo "block structure seems valid\n";
else
echo "block structure seems invalid\n";
574
10. PHP
HTML?
HTML ,
, :
,
< >. HTML
,
, <script>.
HTML XML
<!.*?> s.
<script> ,
< >, ,

<script> </script>.
<script\b[^>]*>.*?</script>.
,
< >, ,
. <script>
, ,
.
PHP
HTML:
$htmlRregex = '{
^(
(?: <(\w++) [^>]*+ (?<!/)> (?1) </\2> #
|[^<>]++
#
| <\w[^>]*+/>
#
| <!.*?>
#
| <script\b[^>]*>.*?</script>
#
)*+
)$
}isx';
if (preg_match($html_regex, $html_string))
echo "block structure seems valid\n";
else
echo "block structure seems invalid\n";

\0, 153
\1, 366
Perl, 67
?
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, 206
?!, 329
??, 372
(?i), 528
(?i), 527
(?m), 527
(?s), 527
(?U), 528
(?X), 527
(?x), 527
(?!), 399, 401
(?#), 150, 177
(?1), 564
Java, 477
PCRE, 564
PHP, 564, 572
(?n), 484
(?P<>), 535
(?R)
PCRE, 563
PHP, 563
, 178
//, 387
\ \ \ \, 240
@
, Perl, 351
, 107
@, 363, 365
@+, 363, 365
@"", 137
., Java, 442
=~, , 65
*
, 43
, 207
.*
, 84
, 196
, 302
+
, 43
, 207
++, 572
\+, , 119
\<\>, 47, 78, 174, 193
egrep, 39
Emacs, 135
<>, 83
[:<:], 124
[==], 168
[::], 166
[..], 167
[:>:], 124
$, 148, 529
Java
, 442
, 169
Perl
, 350,
351
, 63
PHP, 523
, 107
$$, .NET, 502
\$, PHP, 523
$/, 61
$&, , 362, 363
.NET, 502
, 398
, 427
, 426
576
, 425
, 428
$', , 362, 363
.NET, 502
, 398
, 427
, 426
, 425
, 428
$`, , 362, 363
.NET, 502
, 398
, 427
, 426
, 425
, 428
$+, , 363, 364, 413
.NET, 254, 502
, 425
, 254
$_, , 110, 388
.NET, 502
$^N, , 363, 365, 413
$^R, , 365, 393
$^W, , 359
^, 148
Java, 442
, 302
^Subject: , 127, 196, 199, 297,
301, 350
Java, 128
.NET, 129
PHP, 130
Python, 130
$0, 363
Java, 453
PHP, 543
${0}, 543
$1, , 178, 363, 366
Java, 453
.NET, 502
, 67
, 425
${}
.NET, 502
{min, max}, 45
A
\A, 148, 169
, 302

\a, 151
$all_matches, 538
$matches, 537

, 539
, 538
anchored(), 433
AND,
, 164
appendReplacement, , 454
appendTail, , 454
$ARGV, 111
ASCII, , 140, 151
AT&T Bell Labs, 118
awk
gensub, 231
, 174
, 179
, 118
, 133
B
, 211
\B, 174
\b, 95, 151, 174
Perl, 347
PHP, 521
, 71, 74
Java, 438
\b\B, 295
BLTN, Java, 290
BOL, 433
 , , 570
BRE ( ),
119
C
\C, 157
PHP, 522, 523
\c, 155
/c, , 371, 380
C#
, 179
, 137
Capture, , 516
.NET, 495
CaptureCollection, , 518
CDATA, 573
CharBuffer, , 445
charnames, , 351
577

CharSequence, , 436, 446, 456,
473
CheckNaughtiness(), , 429
chr, , 497
Compilation failed, 561
compile, , 444
Compiled (.NET), ,
292, 485, 487, 498, 506
CompileToAssembly, 515
Config, , 351, 361
CR, 144, 442
create_function, , 549, 550
CR/LF, 442
CSV, ,
, , 330
currentTimeMillis(), , 290
D
\D, 77, 158
\d, 77, 158
Perl, 349
PHP, 521
Darth, 247
date_default_timezone_set(), ,
289
DBIx::DWIW, Perl, 315
debugcolor, 434
definekey, 135
Devel::FindAmpersand, , 428
Devel::SawAmpersand, , 428
Dr, , 434
E
\e, 110, 151
\E,
Java, 440, 470, 480
/e, , 384, 385
ECMAScript (.NET),
, 485, 489, 498, 506
ed, , 117
egrep
, 174
, 179

, 39
, 124
, 194
, ,
47
, 39

, 232
, 58
, 118
Emacs
researchforward, 134
, 174
, 179
, 134

, 135
, 168
, 155
end, , 450
English, , 428
ERE (
), 119
ereg, , 519
Escape ANSI, 111
eval, , 385
Explicit, , 492
ExplicitCapture (.NET),
, 485, 498, 506
F
\f, 151
, 71
FF, 144
find, , 448
flags, , 470
flex, , 123
floating '', 433
foreach, if while, , 385
G
\G, 171, 265, 529
.NET, 484
, ,
475
, 172
, 302
, 379, 380
/g
, 79
, 371, 374, 375, 380, 384

, 424
gensub, , 231
GetGroupNames ( Regex),
505
578
GetGroupNumbers (
Regex), 505
gettimeofday(), , 289
GNU awk
gensub, 231
, 123
GNU egrep
, 123
, 194

, 232
GNU Emacs
, 124
, 123
GNU grep
, 123
, 231
GNU sed, , 123
GPOS, 433
grep
Perl, 390
, 118
, 117
y, 118
, 124
, 118
group, , 450
Group, (.NET), 495
Capture, 517
Captures, 509
Index, 509
Length, 509
Success, 509
ToString, 509
Value, 509
, 508
GroupCollection, , 518
groupCount, , 450
GroupNameFromNumber (
Regex), 505
GroupNumberFromName (
Regex), 505
Groups, ( Match), 507
H
hasAnchoringBounds, , 463
hasTransparentBounds, , 462
height, , Java, 473
hitEnd, , 465

$HostnameRegex, , 106, 179,
367, 420
HTML, , 532, 543, 545, 549, 574
<HR>, , 245
URL, 104, 258, 260, 367, 385
, 492
, 211
, 380
, 492
, , 251
, 97
, 172
, , 253
, 24, 43, 427
htmlspecialchars, , 545
HTTP, , 552
HTTP URL, , 51, 253, 258, 260,
318, 367, 385
http://regex.info/, , 429
$HttpUrl, , 367, 413, 420
http://www.cpan.org/, , 428
Hz, 144
I
/i, , 176
, 74
study, 430
i y, 118
if, while foreach, , 385
IgnoreCase (.NET),
, 130, 133, 485, 497, 506
IgnorePatternWhitespace (.NET),
, 133, 485, 497,
506
IllegalArgumentException, ,
445
IllegalStateException, , 449
<img>, , Java, 473
implicit, 433
Imports, , 490, 493, 513
In Is, , 160
Index,
Group, 509
Match, 507
IndexOutOfBoundsException,
, 448, 449, 453
IP, , 236, 376, 379
Iraq, 35
Is In, , Perl, 349
IsMatch (.NET), 491
579

IsMatch ( Regex), 499
ISO88591, , 120,
140
J
Java, 436
BLTN, 290
\E, , 480
find, , 448
JIT, 290
\Q, , 480
, 146
split, , 470
, 290
, 174
, 438
, 179
, 442
,
463
, 261, 271, 289
, 457
, 463
, 443
, 436
, 436, 440, 467, 476, 480
, 447
, 447, 457
, 451
, 443,
448, 451, 455, 463
,
461
CSV, , 476
,
, , 271
, 477
, 440
, 442
, 441
, 447, 478
, 289
, 441
java.lang.Character, , 442
java.util.regex
, 123
java.util.Scanner, , 465
Jeffs, , 90
JfriedlsRegexLibrary, 513
JIT, , 487
Java, 290
JRE, Java, 290
L
\l, 351
\L\E, 352
Latin1, , 120, 140
lc(), , 352
lcfirst(), , 351
Length,
Group, 509
Match, 507
$LevelN, , 396, 411
lex
$, 148
, 118
, 147
LF, 144, 442
LIFO, , 204
local,
, 402
local, , 358
localtime, , 356, 385, 420
lookingAt, , 449
LS, 145, 442
M
/m, 176
Perl, 349
m//
, 64
makudonarudo, , 210, 282
Match, 130
Match (.NET) Success, 130
Match (.NET), , 495
Captures, 508, 517
Empty, 512
Groups, 507
Index, 507
Length, 507
NextMatch, 508
Result, 508
Success, 507
Synchronized, 508
ToString, 507
Value, 507
, 507
, 499, 508
Match ( Regex), 499
MatchCollection, , 500
580
matcher, , 445
Matcher, , 446
appendReplacement, , 454
appendTail, , 454
end, , 450
find, , 448
group, , 450
groupCount, , 450
hasAnchoringBounds, , 463
hasTransparentBounds, , 462
hitEnd, , 465
lookingAt, , 449
matches, , 449
pattern, , 468
quoteReplacement, , 452
region, , 460
regionEnd, , 460
regionStart, , 460
replaceAll, , 451
replaceFirst, , 452
requireEnd, , 465
reset, , 468
start, , 450
toMatchResult, , 450
toString, , 469
useAnchoringBounds, , 463
usePattern, , 468, 475
useTransparentBounds, , 462
, 453
, 457
$matches $all_matches, 537
Matches ( Regex), 500
$matches, , 532
matches, , 449, 470
MatchEvaluator, 501
mb_ereg, , 519
MBOL, 433
{min, max}, 45
minlen, , 433
MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language),
487
Multiline (.NET), ,
485, 497, 506
MungeRegexLiteral, , 409, 415
my, , 405
MySQL, , 123
N
\n, 77, 151
, 71

, 152
\N{}, 351
NEL, 144
$NestedStuffRegex, , 407,
414
.NET, 481
$+, 254
JIT, 487
MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Lan
guage), 487
URL, , 257
, 174
, 485
, 124
, 494

, 483
, 481
, 492, 501
,
129
, 484
, 291
.NET Framework
, 123
New Regex, 130, 132, 493, 499
NextMatch ( Match), 508
no re 'debug', , 432
nomatchvars, , 428
None (.NET), 498, 506
O
/o, , 421
,
424
oneself, , 399
Options ( Regex), 505
OR,
, 164
osmosis, 355
overload, , 410
P
\p{^}, 164, 349
\P{}, 159, 164
Java, 439, 441, 480
\p{}, 159, 349
Java, 439, 441, 480
Perl, 164
581

\p{All}
Perl, 349
\p{all}, 441
\p{Any}, 164
Perl, 349
\p{Assigned}, 164
Perl, 349
\p{C}, 159
Java, 441
\p{Cc}, 161
\p{Cf}, 161
\p{Close_Punctuation}, 161
\P{Cn}, 165
\p{Cn}, 161, 441, 484
Java, 441
\p{Co}, 161
\p{Connector_Punctuatlon}, 161
\p{Control}, 161
\p{Currency_Symbol}, 161
\p{Cyrillic}, 162, 164
\p{Dash_Punctuation}, 161
\p{Decimal_Digit_Number}, 161
\p{Enclosing_Mark}, 160
\p{Final_Punctuation}, 161
\p{Format}, 161
\p{Greek}, 164
\p{Han}, 162
\p{Hebrew}, 162
\p{Hiragana}, 162
\p{InCyrillic}, 164
\p{Inherited}, 162
\p{Initial_Punctuation}, 161
\p{InTibetan}, 162
\p{IsCommon}, 162
\p{IsCyrillic}, 164
\p{IsGreek}, 164
\p{IsL}, 164
\p{IsTibetan}, 162
\p{javaJavaIdentifierStart}, 442
\p{Katakana}, 162
\p{L&}, 160, 164
Perl, 349
\p{L}, 159, 174, 438
\p{Latin}, 162
\p{Letter}, 159, 164
Perl, 349
\p{Letter_Number}, 161
\p{Line_Separator}, 160
\p{Ll}, 160, 484
\p{Lm}, 160, 484
\p{Lo}, 160, 484
\p{Lowercase_Letter}, 160
\p{Lt}, 160, 484
\p{Lu}, 160, 484
\p{M}, 157, 159
\p{Mark}, 159
\p{Math_Symbol}, 161
\p{Mc}, 160
\p{Me}, 160
\p{Mn}, 160
\p{Modifier_Letter}, 160
\p{Modlfier_Symbol}, 161
\p{N}, 159
\p{Nd}, 161, 438, 484
\p{Nl}, 161
\p{No}, 161
\p{Non_Spacing_Mark}, 160
\p{Number}, 159
\p{Open_Punctuatlon}, 161
\p{Other}, 159
\p{Other_Letter}, 160
\p{Other_Number}, 161
\p{Other_Punctuation}, 161
\p{Other_Symbol}, 161
\p{P}, 159
\p{Paragraph_Separator}, 161
\p{Pc}, 161
\p{Pd}, 161
\p{Pe}, 161
\p{Pf}, 161
Java, 441
\p{Pi}, 161
Java, 441
\p{Po}, 161
\p{Private_Use}, 161
\p{Ps}, 161
\p{Punctuation}, 159
\p{S}, 159
\p{Sc}, 161
\p{Separator}, 159
\p{Sk}, 161
\p{Sm}, 161
\p{So}, 161
\p{Space_Separator}, 160
\p{Spacing_Combining_Mark}, 160
\p{Symbol}, 159
\p{Titlecase_Letter}, 160
\p{Unassigned}, 161, 164
Perl, 349
\p{Uppercase_Letter}, 160
\p{Z}, 159, 438, 484
\p{Zl}, 160
582
\p{Zp}, 161
\p{Zs}, 160
\p{}, 484
panic: top_env, 399
Pascal, 62, 232
, 323
Pattern
CANON_EQ, 143
CASE_INSENSITIVE,
, 128, 132, 145, 444
, 468
COMMENTS, , 132,
440
compile, , 444
DOTALL, , 440, 442
flags, , 470
matcher, , 445
matches, , 470
MULTILINE, , 440,
442
pattern, , 470
quote, , 470
split, , 470
toString, , 470
UNICODE_CASE, ,
444
UNIX_LINES, ,
440, 442
pattern, , 468, 470
Pattern.CANON_EQ, ,
440
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE,
, 440
Pattern.LITERAL, ,
440
PatternSyntaxException, ,
443, 445
Pattern.UNICODE_CASE,
, 440
PCRE
\w, 158
study, 529
X, 529

, 521
, 123
, 564
, 563
, 123
PCRE, , 520
, 521

Perl, , 61
$/, 61
$^W,
, 359
,
357
, 174
, 179
, 356
, 63
, 419
, 354
, 124

, 388
,
346
, 123, 343

0, 62
c, 432
Dr, 434
e, 62, 81, 432
i, 81
M, 432
Mre=debug, 434
n, 62
p, 81
w, 64, 391, 432
, 383
, 64
$^W, , 359
use warnings, 391
, 416
,
, , 266
, 175
, 346
, 120
Perl Porters, 122
PHP, 519
\w, 158
, 525
, 174
, 179
, 532, 564
study, 529
, 558

, 521
, 123, 521
583

, 542
CVS,
, 569
,
526, 530
, 564
, 563
, 523
, 525
, 548, 550
, 288
, 566
\pL, PHP, 521
\pN, PHP, 521
pos(), , 171, 378
POSIX
[==], 168
[::], 166
[..], 167
BRE (
), 119
ERE (
), 119
, 166
, 167
, 119
,
167
,
, 226
, 166
, 167
, 168
POSIX
, 283
, 190
preg, , 519
preg_grep, , 556
PREG_GREP_INVERT, , 556
preg_match, , 531
, 536
preg_match_all, , 536
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, , 535,
538, 540
preg_pattern_error, , 562
PREG_PATTERN_ORDER, , 538
preg_quote, , 178, 557
preg_regex_error, , 563
preg_regex_to_pattern, , 558
preg_replace, , 542
preg_replace_callback, , 548
preg_split, , 551
PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE, ,
553, 554
PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY, , 554
PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE,
, 554
Procmail, , 123, 127
PS, 145, 442
Python
\Z, 148
, 174
, 179
, 176
, 123
,
130
, 175
, 138
, 293
\pZ, PHP, 521
Q
\Q, Java, 440, 470, 480
\Q\E, 352
Qantas, 35
qed, , 117
qr//, 107
quote, , 178, 470
quoteReplacement, , 452
R
\r, 77, 151

, 152
r"", 138
re 'debug', , 432
Regex (.NET),
CompileToAssembly, 513, 515
Escape, 511
GetGroupNames, 505
GetGroupNumbers, 505
GroupNameFromNumber, 505
GroupNumberFromName, 505
IsMatch, 491, 509
Match, 491, 495, 509
Matches, 500, 509
Options, 505
Replace, 492, 501, 509
RightToLeft, 505
Split, 504, 509
584
ToString, 505
Unescape, 512
, 496
, 499
, 495, 497
, 497
Regex.Escape, 178
RegexOptions
Compiled (.NET),
, 292, 485, 487, 498, 506
ECMAScript, ,
485, 489, 498, 506
ExplicitCapture,
, 485, 498, 506
IgnoreCase, ,
130, 133, 485, 497
IgnorePatternWhitespace,
, 133, 485, 497, 506
Multiline, , 485,
497, 506
None, 498, 506
RightToLeft, ,
485, 489, 498, 506
Singleline, , 485,
498
RegexOptions.RightToLeft, 504
region, , 460
regionEnd, , 460
regionStart, , 460
reg_match, , 538
regsub, 134
Replace ( Regex), 501
replaceAll, , 451
replaceFirst, , 452
requireEnd, , 465
researchforward, 134
reset, , 468
Result ( Match), 508
RightToLeft (.NET),
, 485, 489, 498, 504, 506
RightToLeft ( Regex), 505
Ruby
, 174
, 179
, 176
, 123
, 292
rx, 232
S
\S, 77, 84, 158
Emacs, 169
/s, 176
\s, 77, 158
Emacs, 168
Perl, 349
PHP, 521
, 74
s///, , 78, 383
SBOL, 433
sed
, 174
, 179
, 147
Singleline (.NET), ,
485, 498, 506
split
.NET, 504
Split ( Regex, 504
split,
Java, 470
,
472
split, , 387
start, , 450
Strict (), 492
strict, , 357, 403, 415
String, , 445
StringBuffer, , 445, 456, 473
StringBuilder, , 456, 473
str_ireplace, (PHP), 542
str_replace, (PHP), 542
study, , 429
, 430
Success,
Group, 509
Match, 507
System.currentTimeMillis(), ,
290
System.Text.RegularExpressions, 490,
493
T
\t, 77, 151
, 71
T1me::HiRes, , 286
585

Tcl
[:<:], 124
[:>:], 124
regsub, 134

, 298
, 174
, 179
, 176
, 124
, 123
, 134

, 232
, 139
, 147
, 293
this|that, , 298, 312, 319
time(), , 286
Time::HiRes, , 429, 431
Timer(), , 292
toMatchResult, , 450
ToString,
Group, 509
Match, 507
Regex, 505
toString, , 469, 470
U
\U, 155
\u, 155, 482
U+C0B5, 142
\U\E, 352
uc(), , 352
ucfirst(), , 351
UCS2, , 142
UCS4, , 142
UnicodeData.txt, , 351
unicore, , 351
URL, , 104, 318, 532
, 258, 260
use charnames, , 351
use Config, 351
use strict, 357, 403
useAnchoringBounds, , 463
usePattern, , 468, 475
useTransparentBounds, , 462
UTF16, , 142
UTF8, , 142, 528
V
\v, 151
, 435
\V, , 435
Value
Group, 509
VB.NET
, 179
,
129
, 137
vi, , 179
Visual Studio .NET, 513
VT, 144
W
\W, 77, 158
\w, 77, 95, 158
Perl, 349
PHP, 158, 521
Java, 438
,
125
w, , 359
warnings, , 391
while, foreach if, , 385
width, , Java, 473
with eval, 433
X
\X, 143, 158
/x, 103, 176
Perl, 349
, 122
\x, 144, 155, 482
Perl, 347
XML, 573
CDATA, 573
, 570, 573
Y
y,
grep, 118
Yahoo!, 258
Z
\Z, 148, 169
Java
, 442
586
PHP, 523
\z, 169, 529
, 381
(rMoore), 300
,
191
, ,
307
, 162, 349
PHP, 523
, , 571
, 204
, 202
, 197
, 228
, 57, 114
, 187
, 186
, , 319
( local
Perl), 360
, 192
, 186

, 353, 384

Java, 453
, 525
, 317
, 180
, 218,
327
, 216
, 249, 253, 266, 397, 408
, 217
(Alfred Aho), 118, 228
, ,
123
, 144
\s, Perl, 349

, 70
,
, 361
, 290
, 291
, 570
.NET, 515
Perl, 393, 407
PHP, 563, 570
, 209
LIFO, 204
, 202
, , 206
, 205
, 220
, 204
, 215
, 227
, 144, 442
POSIX , , 283
, 280
, 285
, 280
, 306
, 282
, 275, 277
, 280
, 279
, 153

, 489
, 426
, 52
, 397
local, , 402
my, 405
, 393
, 181
, 37
, 142
,
235
, 419
, , 322
, 279,
397, 408
, 280
, 280
, 349, 441, 480, 484
587

, 37
, 399
, 312
, , 312
, 165

, 231
,
Perl, 357
(James Gosling), 121

\<\>
egrep, 39
Perl, 349
, 39
, 147
, 45
, 166
, , 186
, 501
, , 50
, 124
, 53

Java, 438
.NET, 485
PCRE, 521
Perl, 347
PHP, 521
, 143
, Perl, 355, 357
, 361
,
393
charnames, 351
Imports, 490, 513
no re 'debug', 432
nomatchvars, 428
overload, 410
re 'debug', 432
strict, 357, 403, 415
warnings, 391
, 188, 200
, 194, 231
, 230
, 190
, 231
, 201
,
, 225
, 200, 229, 279, 281
, 229
No Dashes Or Spaces, 543
\, 352
, 230
, 144
Java, 442
,
152
(Jeremy Zawodny),
315
, 463
Java, 463
, , 545
PHP, 542
s///, 78
, 546,
549
, 407
, 184,
219, 317, 565, 572
, 411

, 317, 327, 328, 571
, 307
, 249, 253
(Andrei Zmievski), 520
, , 49
, , 239
, 351
, 180
.NET, 484
PHP, 532, 540, 564
, 413
, 221
588
,
411
, 413
, 386
,
, 316

Perl, 409

, 166
$&, 427
$', 427
$`, 427
, , 131
URL, , 104
, , 526

VB.NET, , 257
URL, , 104
, 258, 260
, 51, 131, 180, 318, 325, 532
, , 255

,
213
, 373

, 34
, 573
, 127
, 298
, , 45
,
352
,
527
, 350
PHP, 137
, 107
Perl, 404
, 386
, 420
, 305
,
, 304

, , 304
, 302
, 316
, 337
IllegalArgumentException, 445
IllegalStateException, 449
IndexOutOfBoundsException, 448,
449, 453
PatternSyntaxException, 443, 445

\+, 119
awk, 118
egrep, 118
grep, 118
lex, 118
Perl, 120
PHP, 520
sed, 118
/, 122

, 116
\w, 120
, 211
, 43
*, , 43
?, , 42
, 206
(), 46
+, , 43
, 219, 565, 572
,
317, 327, 328, 571
, 207
, , 303
, 302
, 290
, 228
Java, 261, 271, 289

ASCII, 140
Latin1, 120, 140
UCS2, 142
UCS4, 142
UTF16, 142
UTF8, 142, 521, 528
, 140

, 141
U+FFFF, 144
, 142, 158
589

, 150, 177
Java, 132
.NET, 497
XML, 573
Pascal, 323
, 331
, 297
, /o, 421
, 487
(Robert Constable),
116

, 285
, 275, 285
, 222
,
239, 276, 318

, 279
, 223
, 374

, 238
, 71
Perl, 356
,
, 302
, 193
split,
.NET, 504
split
Perl, 392
, 515, 563
, 37
egrep, 45
, 180, 413,
532, 540
, 117
, 533,
556
, 72
, 304
, 515
, 243
, 564
, 563
, Perl, 68
, 364
, 194
, 297
.NET, 510
PHP, 566
Perl, 419
Tcl, 299
, 419
, 420
, 297
,
298

, 300
, 299
,
419
, 361
, 193
, 139, 350,
354, 371
, 419
, 177
, 149

, 312

/, 432
, 358
, 167
, 119
(Tom Lord), 232
, 195
, 207
, 313
, 530
, 222
, 277

, 213
, 204
, 210
, 215
, 196
, 183
590
, 34
, 53

, 409
,
, 198
, 366
, , 200

, 231, 294, 298
, 190

, 281
, 200, 229
, POSIX
Perl, 402

, 296
, 212
, 313

, 213
, 304
, 215
, 184
, 71
, 211
, 147
/g, 79
/i, 74
/osmosis, 355
, Perl, 354
,
368
, 530
, 381
, 368
, 145, 176, 485

A, 528, 529
D, 523, 528, 529
e, 528, 544, 550
I, 527
m, 523, 527
PHP, 527
S, 317, 528, 544, 567
s, 527
U, 528, 530
u, 521, 527, 535

X, 527, 529
x, 523, 527
,
530
, , 88
, PHP, 558
, 116
, 356
, 116
, 228
, 71
, 205
, 218
, 72,
179
, , 399

egrep, 39
, 39
, 198
, 222
, 207
, 188
, 199
, 190
, 231
, 201
, 200, 229
, 228
, 229
, 280
, , 321
, 153
, 157

hitEnd, , 465
Java, 457
requireEnd, , 465
, 473
, 463
,
, 459
, 461

,
, 306
,
, 79
, , 81
, 178
egrep, 45
, 194, 231
, 489
, 46
, 297
, 321,
322
, 463
Java, 463
, 167

Java, 443
.NET, 494
,
127
, 300
, 367
/g, , 424
/o, , 424
, 370,
422
, 369
, preg_split, 551

Perl, 388
PHP, 551
, Java,
472
,
293
, ,
213, 223

, 217

, 216
,
Perl, 346
, 164
, 175
, 213
Java, 440
, 88
591
,
221
,
166
, 316
, 96
, 90

Java, 436
.NET, 481
PCRE, 521
Perl, 343
PHP, 521
, 294
BLTN, 290
JIT, 290
, 487
, 307
, 312
,
304

, 304
, 302,
316

, 241
, 303
,
302
, 304
, 306
, 230
, 307

, 300

, 306
, 301
, 302
, 301
, 303
,
314
, 294
, 303
, 301, 303
, 308

, 308
, 193
592
, , 218
$&, , 398
$', , 398
$`, , 398
, 433
,
369
, 431
, 398
, 230
, 538
Java, 436, 440, 467, 476, 480

hitEnd, 467
c, 432
Dr, 434
e, 432
M, 432
Mre=debug, 434
w, 359, 432

, 335
, 144, 442
, 144
,
352, 409
, 410
, ,
420
, 426

Perl, 363
, 412
, 357
, 425
(Jeff Pinyan), 302
,
, 78

PHP, 523
, ,
307
, 264
s///, 383
, 111
, 302
, , 303
, 88
Perl, 349
, 220
, 88
, 183
, 447
, 447
Java, 457
,

, 329
,
328
IP, , 236
URL , 258
, ,
131
Java, 132
.NET, 132
, 407
, 49
, ,
101
, , 47
Emacs, 135
Perl, 61, 108

awk, 133
Emacs, 134
Java, 451, 456
.NET, 492, 501
Perl, 383
PHP, 542
Tcl, 134
, 400
,
, 402
, 370
, 279, 397, 408
, 280
, 280
, , 203

, 398

, 281
, 373

, 245
, 356
, 356
, 356, 374
, 356, 374
.*, 196
, 193
, , 195
, 201
, 201
, 193
, 193
, 193
, 193
, , 206
, 538
, 382
, 205
, 205
, 538
, 145
, 400
,
, 225, 402
, 377
, 229
HTML, 253
HTML, 251
, 246
, 247
, 227
, 488
, 357

, 546
,
,
egrep, 50
, , 262
,
191

, 195
, 277

, , 300
593
, 425
, 294

, , 306
, 151
.*, 85
Perl, 64
use warnings, Perl, 391
, 359

, , 100
,
.NET, 503
Perl, 63, 343
PHP, 525
, 356

, 351
, ,
302
, ,
301
$+ (.NET), 254
^Subject, 301, 350
gr[ea]y, 32
<img>, , 473
Jeffs, 90
HTML, 524, 543, 545, 549, 574
<HR>, 245
URL, 258, 260, 367, 532
, 492
URL, 385
, 211
, 380
, 492
, 251
, 172
, 475
, 253
, 51, 427
HTML URL, 255
HTTP URL, 255
HTTP, 552
IP, 376, 379
.NET
$+, 254
URL, 257
oneself, 399
this|that, 298, 303, 312, 319
594
URL, 51, 104, 253, 367, 385, 532

VB.NET
, 257
XML, 570, 573
, 249, 253,
266, 397, 408
, 50
,
249, 253
, 49
, 239, 526
, 131
URL, 104
, 131, 180, 318, 325, 532
Java, 261
URL, 104
, 88
, 79
, 81
, 213,
216, 223

, 223
, 90
,
410
, 78
IP, 236
URL, 260
, 258
,
131
Java, 132
.NET, 132
, 101

Emacs, 135
Perl, 61, 108
, 262

, 100
HTML, 97

Java, 455
.NET, 503
Perl, 63, 343
PHP, 525
, 255

, 62
, 452
, 239
, 381
CSV
Java, 476
CVS
PHP, 569
,
, 266
Java, 271

, 96
, 88

, 329
,
CSV, 330
, 329, 565

makudonarudo, 210, 282

, 322

, 247
, 327
, 275
, 330
, 245
Java, 443,
448, 451, 455, 463
, 140
, ,
303
, , 255
,
428

, 404
, 190
, Java, 461
, , 250
, 127
, 299
, 349
, 538
, , 239
, , 381
595
Perl, 386
PHP, 551
, 389
, 389

Perl, 388
, 387

, Perl, 392
CVS,
PHP, 569
, 486

, , 96
,
, 88
,
, 314
, 384

PHP, 526, 530
, 145, 442
, 145, 442
, Java, 477
, 291

, 335

, , 329
, 319, 565
, 322
, 565
, 99

, 231

.NET
, , 130
, 186
, 106
, 564
, Perl, 355
, 393
, 116
, 419
, 356
, 297, 419, 510, 566
, 296
, 354
, 235
, 352
, 350
, 431
, 352, 394
, 412
, 371, 424
, 354
, 229
, 561
, 116
, 368
, 563
,
, 225
, 356
, 116

, 145
/i, 74
Ruby, 145
study, 430
Java, 447

PCRE, 564
PHP, 564

Java, 477
PCRE, 563
PHP, 563
, 175
Java, 440
.NET, 484
Perl, 349
PHP, 523
, 96

, 484
, 175
, 137

, 331
, 335
Perl,
386
596
,
, 225
, 570
, 515,
563, 570
PHP, 570
,
, 291

, , 146
, 159
(Ravi Sethi), 228
, 290

, 152
, 142
, 302,
308
, 316
, 142, 158
HTTP, 153
, 55
\w, , 120
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Дж.Фридл - Регулярные выражения, 3-е изд. (2008) My

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Mastering

Jeffrey E.F. Friedl

10. PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

% egrep '^(From|Subject): ' mailboxfile

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print "$celsius C is $fahrenheit F.\n";

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Thu, Feb 29 2007 11:15 The King wrote:

^From: (\S+) \(([^()]*)\)

"To: $reply_address ($from_name)\n";

The US population is 298444215, 

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A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity

Communications of the ACM, Vol. 11, No. 6, June 1968.

(James Gosling).1 Perl

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