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Design a gantry girder to be used in an industrial building carrying a manually operated overhead traveling crane for the following data:
Crane capacity - 200kN Self-weight of the crane girder excluding trolley - 200kN Self-weight of the trolley, electric motor, hook, etc. - 40kN Approximate minimum approach of the crane hook to the gantry
girder - 1.20m Wheel base - 3.5m c/c distance between gantry rails - 16m c/c distance between columns (span of gantry girder) - 8m Self weight of rail section - 300N/m Diameter of crane wheels - 150mm Steel is of grade Fe 410. Design also the field welded connection if required. The support bracket connection need to designed.
SOLUTION :
For Fe410 grade of steel: fu = 410 Mpa fy = fyw = fyf = 410 MPa For hand operated OT crane: Lateral loads = 5% of maximum static wheel load Longitudinal loads = 5% of weight of crab and weight lifted Maximum permissible deflection = L/500 Partial safety factors m0 = 1.10 mw = 1.50 (for site welds) Load factor m1 = 1.50 = w = f = (250/ fy) = (250/ 250) = 1.0
For maximum reaction on the gantry girder the loads are placed on the crane girder as shown in the figure below,
Taking moment about B, RA x 16 = 360 x (16 - 1.2) + (18.75 x 16 x 16) / 2 RA = 483kN RB = 177kN
The reaction from the crane girder is distributed equally on the two wheels at the end of the crane girder. Therefore, Maximum wheel load on each = 483/2 = 241.5 kN wheel of the crane
For Maximum Bending Moment, the wheel loads shall be placed as shown in figure.
The calculation of maximum bending moments due to wheel loads and self weight of gantry girder has been done separately because calculation of impact load and bending moment due to it involve live load only,
Assume, Self Weight of the Gantry Girder as 2 kN/m. Total Dead Load, w = 2000 + 300 = 2300 N/m = 2.3 kN/m Factored Dead Load = 1.5 x 2.3 = 3.45kN/m
The position of one wheel load from the mid point of span = Wheel Base/4 = 3.5/4 = 0.875 m Bending moment due to live load only,
Taking moment about D,
Rc x 8 = 241.5 x (8 - 1.375) + 241.5 x 3.125 Rc = 294.33kN Taking moment about C, RD x 8 = 241.5 x 1.375 + 241.5 x 4.875 RD = 188.67kN Maximum Bending Moment due to Live Load = 188.67 x 3.125 = 589.6 kNm Bending Moment due to Impact = 0.10 x 589.6 = 58.96 kNm
Total Bending Moment due to live load and impact loads = 589.6 + 58.96 = 648.56 kNm Bending Moment due to Dead Load = wl2/8 = 3.45 x (82/8) = 27.6 kNm
Therefore, Maximum B.M = 648.56 + 27.6 = 676.16 kNm = 676.16 x 106 N_mm
Maximum Shear Force:
It consists of maximum shear due to moving wheel loads and self
weight of the girder. For maximum shear force the wheel loads shall be placed as shown in figure, i.e one of the wheel loads should at the support.
Maximum horizontal reaction due to lateral force by proportion at C, = (lateral force x Reaction at c due to vertical load) (maximum wheel load due to vertical load) = (9 x 294.33) / 241.5
= 10.97 kN Horizontal reaction due to lateral force at D = 18 - 10.97 = 7.03 kN Maximum bending moment due to lateral load by proportion = (9.0 / 241.5) x 589.6 = 21.97 kNm Maximum shear force due to lateral load by proportion = (377.34 / 241.5) x 9.0 = 14.06 kN
Properties Area
Notation A
Thickness of Flange
Thickness of Web Width of Flange Moment of Inertia
tf
tw bf Iz Iy h Rl
21.3 mm
11.2 mm 250 mm 106198.5 x 104 mm4 4702.5 x 104 mm4 600 mm 17 mm
13.6 mm
7.6 mm 90 mm 6362.6 x 104 mm4 310.8 x 104 mm4 300 mm
Cyy
23.6 mm
Iz gross = [(106198.5 x 104) + (17038 x (307.6 - 247.59)2)] + [(310.8 x 104) + (4564 x (247.59 -23.6)2)] = 135,543x104 mm4
= Iy beam + Iy channel = (4702.5 x 104) + (6362.6 x 104) = 11,065.1x104 mm4 Zez = (Iy /y) = (135,543 x 104) / (600 + 7.6 - 247.59) = 3764.98x103 mm3 Plastic Modulus of Section (Ignoring the Fillets) Equal area axis (Refer to Fig) = 4564 + (250 X 21.3) + (1 t w) = 250 X 21.3 + (600-2 X 21.3 1 ) X 11.2 Z = 74.95 mm (From Lower surface of top flange of I Section)
Iy gross
Plastic section modulus of the section above equal axis, Zpz1 = [300 X 7.6 X (74.95 + 21.3 + (7.6 / 2))]
+ [2 X (90-7.6)x13.6(74.95 + 21.3 (90-7.6/2))] + [250 X 21.3 x (74.95 + (21.3/2))] + [74.95 X 11.2 X (74.95/2)] Zpz1 = 838.775 X 103 mm3 Plastic section modulus of the section below equal axis, Zpz2 = [250 X 21.3 X ( 600 - 21.3 - 74.95 - ( 21.3/2))] + [((600 2 X 21.3 74.95)2 / 2)] Zpz2 = 3929.202 X 103 mm3
Zpz = Zpz1 + Zpz2 = (838.775 X 103) + (3929.202 X 103)
Plastic section modulus of compression flange about yy axis, Zpfy = [((250 X 21.3 X 250) /4)] + [((2 X (300 (13.6 X 2))2 X 7.6) / 8)] + [2 x (13.6 x 90 x ( 300 13.6) / 2)] = 824.763 X 103 mm3
Outstand of flange of Channel Section, b = bf - tw = 90 - 7.6 = 82.4 mm. b/tf of flange of Channel section = 82.4/13.6 = 6.05 < 8.4 (8.4 = 8.4 x 1 = 8.4)
d/tw of web of I-Section = ((h 2tf) / tw) = ((600 2 x 21.3) / 11.2) = 49.76 < 84 (84 = 84 x 1 = 84) Hence the entire section is plastic, (b = 1.0)
Moment capacity of compression flange about y-axis, Mdy,f = b Zpyf (fy / m0 ) 1.2 x Zey,f (fy / m0 ) = 1.0 x 824.76 x 103 x (250 x 10-6 / 1.10) = 187.44 kNm 1.2 x 580.92 x 103 x (250 x 10-6 / 1.10) = 158.43 kNm
Hence moment capacity of flange, Mdy,f = 158.43 kNm Combined check for local moment capacity, (Mz / Mdz ) + (My,f / Mdy,f) 1.0 (676.16 / 1026.81) + (21.97 / 158.43) = 0.797 < 1.0 Which is safe.
Note: hf is the centre to centre distance between flanges. In the calculation, value of hf has been taken equal to overall depth of the section to avoid cumbersome calculations. Further, this approximation will result in conservative design. Effective length, LLT = 8 x 102 mm Thickness of flange, tf = 21.3 + 7.6 = 28.9 mm Radius of gyration, ry = (IY/A) = ((11065.1x104)/(17038+4564)) = 71.57mm
The coefficient, c1 = 1.132 (From Appendix XIV, assuming uniform load condition) Mcr = [(1.132x2x2x105x11065.1x104x607.6) / (2x(8x103)2)] x [1+1/20((8x103/71.57)/(607.6/28.9))2]0.5 = 1823.24 x 106 Nmm Non dimensional slenderness ratio, LTz = (b Zpz fy / Mcr) = ((1 x 4783.594 x 103 x 250) / (1823.24 x 106)) = 0.809 LTz = 0.5 [1 + LT (LTz 0.2) + LTz2] LT = 0.21 (assuming connection of channel with I-section flange by intermittent fillet welds. For uniform weld, LT = 0.49) LTz = 0.5 x [1+0.21 x (0.809 0.2) + 0.8092] = 0.891
LTz
Design bending compressive stress, fbd = LTz (fy / m0 ) = 0.791 (250/1.10) = 179.77 N/mm2 The design bending strength, Mdz = b Zpz fbd = 1.0 x 4767.977 x 103 x 179.77 x 10-6 = 857.14 kNm > 676.16 kNm (which is alright)
STEP 9:
Since lateral forces are also acting, the beam must be checked for biaxial bending. The bending strength about y-axis will be provided by the top flange only as the lateral loads are applied there only. Mdy =Zyt (fy/m0) Zyt = section modulus of top flange about yy-axis. = (4702.5x104/2 +6362.6x104)/(300/2) = 580.92 x 103 mm3
(Assuming the moment of inertia of top flange to be half of the moment of inertia of I-section) Mdy = 580.92 x 103 x (250/1.1) x (10-6) = 132.02kNm. (Mz/Mdz) + (My/Mdy) < 1.0 = (676.16/859.946) + (21.97/132.02) = 0.952 < 1.0 Hence, the section is safe.
Slenderness ratio of the web, w = 2.45 (d1/tw) = 2.45(600 -2x(21.3 + 17))/11.2 = 114.49 For w=114.49, fy=250N/mm2 and buckling curve c, the design compressive stress from Table 7.6, fcd = 89.64 N/mm2 Therefore, Buckling Resistance = (150 + 315.2) x 7.6 x 89.64 x 10-3 = 316.9 kN > 241.5kN (which is safe)
[6 x (2x105) x 135,543x104]
= 9.56 mm Permissible maximum deflection, = L / 500 = 8000 / 500 = 16 mm > 9.56 mm, which is safe.
Therefore, q = [(377.34 x 103) x 4564 x 239.9] / [135,543x104] = 304.82 N/mm Let us provide 3 mm weld to connect channel with flange of I-section. Strength of the weld provided, = (0.7x3x410)/(3x1.50) = 331.39 N/mm > 304.82 N/mm Hence, provide 3 mm size intermittent fillet welds for making the connection.