The World of Chemistry Study Guide Set

Study guide answer keys can be found at this site.

http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/exchange/topics/woc/

The World of Chemistry Series can be viewed here (free):

http://www.learner.org/resources/series61.html

Episode 5 - A Matter of State

1. The video states that states of matter may be changed. What is needed to make this possible?

2. What is the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas?

3. Describe, at the molecular level, how temperature affects the pressure of a gas.

4. How does the collapsing can demo work. Draw diagrams of before, during, and after the heating.

5. How is liquefied natural gas produced?

6. What are some uses of liquid nitrogen?

7. Why does the process of perspiration cool a person?

8. Describe the element bromine in its three states.

9. What happens to the particles in bromine as it is cooled?

What does the shape of a crystal tell us about its internal structure?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 6 - The Atom

1. What are the three basic components (particles) that make up an atom?

2. What are the two regions of any atom?

3. How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of an atom?

4. What is the Scanning and Tunneling electron Microscope (STM) used for?

5. What holds the electrons and the nucleus together?

6. Unlike charges _______________; like charges _________________. .

7. What are the charges on the electron ________, the proton ________, and the neutron ________?

8. Why is the overall charge of the atom neutral?

9. What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment show?

10. When two atoms meet, what parts of the atoms interact?

10. What are some ways that signals from the atom can be used?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 8 - Chemical Bonds

1. What is special about the arrangement of electrons in the noble gases?

2. What do other elements do to acquire a noble gas configuration?

3. What are the indications of chemical change when sodium and chlorine react?

4. Describe the arrangement of ions in sodium chloride.

5. What tests were done to determine if a substance contains ionic bonds?

6. What does the shape of a crystal tell you about its internal structure?

7. What is meant by covalent bonding?

8. What element is common to many explosives?

9. Why do these explosives release so much energy?

What is meant by nitrogen fixation?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 12 - Water

1. What is the annual rate of consumption of water per person? What percent of this is for agricultural purposes?

2. What are the main uses of water in industry?

3. How does the mass of a water molecule compare to common gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide?

4. What is meant by a polar molecule?

5. What is hydrogen bonding?

6. What are some properties of water that are due to hydrogen bonding?

7. What is unusual about the density of ice compared to the density of water?

8. Briefly describe the dissolving process.

9. What generalization may be made about whether or not one material will dissolve in another?

10. Why is there controversy about the amount of various chemicals that may be found in a sample of water?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 21 - Carbon
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1. What is organic chemistry?

2. How many carbon compounds exist?

3. How many bonds can carbon form?

4. When was nylon first developed? Why was its development so essential?

5. What was the first organic synthesis?

6. What is a hydrocarbon?

7. What is meant by an isomer?

8. How are organic compounds divided into categories?

9. How are esters used?

10. What were the ``ingredients'' in the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid - aspirin?

11. What must be done to produce a drug found in nature?

What is special about benzene?

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The World of Chemistry

Episode 22 - The Age of Polymers

1. What determines the name for an age (stone age, bronze age, etc.)?

2. What are some examples of polymers in nature?

3. What is the common starting material for most manmade polymers?

4. In fractional distillation ____________ molecules travel to the top of the fractionating tower while ____________ molecules collect at the bottom. 5. Arrange the following fractions in order from lightest to heaviest: asphalt, jet fuel, lubricating oil, gasoline, diesel fuel

6. What happens during catalytic cracking?

7. What is meant by a chain reaction?

8. What polymer is produced in the largest quantities?

9. Describe the differences between high and low density polyethylene.

10. What was the key to the design of PETE soft drink bottles?

Why are polymers so widely used in the automobile and aircraft industries?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 23 - Protein: Structure & Function

1. What are the two common characteristics of living species as described in the video?

2. What are some of the functions of proteins? Give an example of each.

3. What are the building blocks used to form proteins? How many are found in nature?

4. The video estimates that 100 billion proteins may exist. How can so many proteins form from just a few molecules?

5. What is the name of the bond that results in the formation of proteins?

6. What are the names of two common secondary structures of proteins? Give an example of each.

7. Briefly describe how a ``permanent'' can change the shape of hair.

8. What name is given to the natural catalysts found in living systems?

9. What is meant by the terms substrate and active site?

10. What is meant by the term tertiary structure?

Extra: Linus Pauling's contribution to protein structure is described in the video. What other contributions has he made to chemistry and what other recognition has he received?

The World of Chemistry

Episode 24 - The Genetic Code

1. What are some of the ways mentioned that proteins are used in our bodies?

2. How many subunits are found in hemoglobin? What atom in found in the center of each?

3. Briefly describe the four types of protein structure.

4. What is special about the binding of oxygen in hemoglobin?

5. What may be the result of a change of one amino acid in a protein structure? Give an example.

6. In DNA, how many bases are required to code for one amino acid in protein synthesis?

7. How does the video define a gene?

8. Where does protein synthesis take place?

9. What are the two types of RNA needed to carry out protein synthesis?

10. What can be the result of the improper coding of a protein during its synthesis?

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