Y BEAMS

A Y- BEAM IS A COMBINATION OF A STRUCTURAL BEAM AND CANTILEVERED SLAB. BASIC PRINCIPLE IN Y- BEAMS, THE FLANGES OR THE WINGS ARE SELF SUPPORTING CANTILEVERED SLABS FIXED AT THE END BEAMS FOR THE SAKE OF LITTLE STABILITY AND THE LOWER PART ACT AS LOAD TRANSFER MEMBERS AND TRANSFER THE LOAD TO THE END BEAMS AND IT IS THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE GROUND THROUGH COLUMNS. IT CAN COVER LARGE SPANS UPTO 190 WITHOUT ANY INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT. PRESTRESSING - FORCES SO APPLIED THAT IT ARTIFICALLY INDUCES COMPRESSIVE STRESSES IN THAT ZONE OF R.C.C. MEMBER WHERE TENSILE STRESSES WILL BE CAUSED BY EXTERNAL LOADS.THIS IS DONE BY TENSIONING THE REINFORCED STEEL BEFORE THEY ARE LOADED. THIS METHOD MAKES CONCRETE THAT IS INHERENTLY WEAK IN TENSION; WORK IN TENSION

INTERNALLY BEAM EXPERIENCE BOTH TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE FORCES, LEAVING MIDDLE OF THE BEAM STRESS-FREE BEAMS THAT CAN PRESTRESSED UNDERGO TWO OPERATIONSSTRESSING THE STEEL ANCHORING IT TO THE CONCRETE NAMELY PRETENSIONING POST TENSIONING PRETENSIONING IN PRETENSIONING ; WIRES ARE FIRST TENSIONED AND THEN CONCRETE IS POURED. IN ORDER TO PUT THE STEEL WIRES IN THE REQUIRED POSITION, CABLE MOUNTS ARE PROVIDED AT THE UPPER JOINTS TO RETAIN THEM IN THEIR POSITION. THE STEEL WIRES ARE RELEASED FROM THE ABUTMENTS. ADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSING MORE SUITABLE FOR FACTORY PRODUCTION AS ABUTEMENTS REQUIRED ARE STRONG AND VERY HEAVY SHUTTERING IS COSTLY AS IT SUFFERS A LOT OF TENSION HIGH TENSILE STEEL WIRES AS THIN AS PRACTIABLE (2-3 MM) ARE USED DISADVANTAGES OF PRESTRESSING MORE CHANCES OF LOSS OF PRESTRESSES AS WHEN THE WIRES ARE RELEASED; THE MEMBER MAY SHORTEN DUR TO COMPRESSION

PRE- TENSIONING WIRE IS STRESSED AFTER CONCRETE IS LAID. DUCTS ARE LEFT IN THE CONCRETE FOR THE STEEL CABLES WHICH ARE TO BE PRESTRESSED THE METHOD STEEL WIRES ARE TENSIONED BY JACKS AT ONE END AND ANCHORED AT THE OTHER END TO CONCRETE. THE WIRES ARE INSERTED IN THE DUCTS OR RACEWAYS, TENSIONED, ANCHORED AND GROUNTED. CONCRETE IS INJECTED UNDER PRESSURE INTO THE RACEWAYS. DUE TO IMMENSE PRESSURE INSIDE THE DUCT, WATER FROM THE CONCRETE OOZES OUT AND PROVIDE MORE STRENTH TO CONCRETE INSIDE THE DUCT. WIRES ARE PROVIDED WITH WELDED VENT PIPES IN THE CABLE DUCT FOR RELIEVING AIR PRESSURE AT INTERVALS. AFTER THE JACK IS REMOVED ; BOUND TO CONCRETE; THE WIRES ARE UNABLE TO TURN TO ORIGINAL LENGTH AND THUS TRANSFER STRESSES TO THE CONCRETE ADVANTAGES OF POST- TENSIONING MORE NO. OF FORCES CAN BE INDUCED IN THE CONCRETE IT CAN TAKE MORE LOAD AND COVER LARGE SPANS SHUTTERING COST IS LESS

 CHEAPER IN CASE OF HEAVY LOADS DISADVANTAGES OF POST- TENSIONING IT IS NOT DURABLE AS EVERYTHING DEPEND UPON TWO ANCHORA-GES. LIMITATIONS IF THE WIRES ARE NOT OF HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH ; THEY MAY BREAK DURING THE PROCESS OF TENSIONING AND THUS SPOIL THE WHOLE PROCESS. ITS MAXIMUM SPAN IS ABOUT 150 ONLY

TECHNICAL DATA
MINIMUM THICKNESS FOR PRESTRESSING BEAM - 6 BEAM WIDTH - 6 FOR 60 SPAN 9 FOR 90- 110 SPAN 10 FOR LARGER SPAN BEAM DEPTH - 26 FOR 60 SPAN 46 (MAX) FOR 150 SPAN FLANGE DEPTH AT TOP - 2 TO2 1/2 AT BASE- 31/2 TO 4

 WIDTH OF ONE UNIT (MIN) 8 TO (MAX) 12 ANGLE OF FLANGE WITH HORIZONTAL LINE CAN CARRY BETWEEN 30 -60. BUT IDEAL ANGLE IS B/W 40-50 CAMBER - .5- .7% OF SPAN, NOT TO DIVERT FORCES. CANTILEVER- 1/8 TO 1/12 OF SPAN OR 120 WHICH IS LESS

FORM WORK AS THE SHUTTERING OF THE Y- BEAM IS VERY EXPENSIVE AND IUNIT OF Y- BEAM IS CAST AT ONE TIME SO FORMWORK AND SHUTTERING HAS TO BE REUSE. THIS IS DONE BY PROVIDING MOVING FORMWORK ON A TRACK ACROSS THE SPAN AND PARELLEL TO SPAN. THE FORM WHICH MOVE ON WHEELS ON A TRACK IS MADE UP OF STEEL PIPES OR ANGLES ANY SUITABLE FORM IS PROVIDED TO SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE. AT THE TOP, FLEXIBLE MEMBERS ARE PROVIDED WHICH SUPPORT THE SHUTTERING MEMBERS. AT TOP PLATE IS PROVIDED TO CONNECT STANCHIONS AND TO SUPPORT THE JACKS. JACK - USED TO ADJUST THE HEIGHT OF Y- BEAM FROM 11/2 TO2 PROPS - SUPPORT THE SHUTTERING PLATES, PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY TO ADJUST THE ANGLES

MAIN SHUTTERING PLATES ARE THEN PROVIDED ACCORDING TO FORM TO BE CASTED. PLATES ARE PROVIDED FOR VERTICAL PART OF THE BEAM AND TWO FOR CANTILEVERED PART. MIN 1 PROP IS PROVIDED TO SUPPORT EACH PLATE.