TRANSITION FROM

QUANTUM TO CLASSICAL
MECHANICS

V. G. BAGROV

. .

The role of the semiclassical approximation in

course of foundation and
development of quantum
mechanics as well as
some ideas underlying the
semiclassical are explained.
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110

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1
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(2)

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E1 E2 = ".

(3)

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113


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( )
, . A
.
, , x p,
A = A(x, p)

(4)

x p.
x = x + x,
x = x x,

p = p + p,
p = p p,

(5)

x, p .
, x x ( t ), p p ( t ), x(t), p(t) , x p - (,
).
A = A ( x, p ) = A ( x + x, p + p )

(6)

x, p ( x, p) .
x, p,
, , A x, p
( )
x, p ( ).

x, p .
, ( ). ,
x, p :
x " ,

p ".

(7)

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2n,

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114

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. (2)1.
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, A, x ( ).
x = 0 .
x t
= t + .

x(t) = Asin,

(8)

(t) p(t)
m
dx ( t )
( t ) = ------------ = A cos ,
dt
p ( t ) = m ( t ) = mA cos .

(9)

E E1(t) E2(t):
m ( t ) p ( t )
E 1 ( t ) = ----------------- = ------------ ,
2
2m
2

m x ( t )
E 2 ( t ) = ----------------------- ,
2

2 2

2
p ( t ) m x ( t )
E = E 1 ( t ) + E 2 ( t ) = ------------ + ----------------------- .
2
2m
2 2

(10)

(10) (8) (9),

2

m A
E = ----------------- ,
2

(11)

( ) A
E.
(2)

1 2
S = p d x = p dt = ---- p dt,
m

(12)

(
T =
= 2/). (12) (9) (11),
1
.
.
.

, 6, 1999

S = m A cos dt = m A
2

T
2

cos d =
2

1. . . .: , 1985.

(13)

2E
2
= m A = ----------.

2. . . .: ,
1990.
3. ..
XX . .: , 1986.

(13) (2)
1
E = " n + --- .

4. . // . .:
, 1975.

(14)

5. . . .: , 1971.
. 2.

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6. ..
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) // . 1996. 7. . 8188.

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7. . . .: ,
1965. . 134148, 170188.
8. .. . .:
, 1987. (. ; 3).
9. .. . .: , 1989. (- ; . 75).
10. .. . .: ,
1989.

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115