Orange

Bitter orange
Citrus aurantium var amara
Sweet orange
Citrus aurantium var sinensis
Rutaceae
 Cultivation

• Seedlings planted 8mt apart when 6-

12 months old
• Yield from when 5 – 7 yrs old
• Usually grafting method used
• Fruits collected when still unripe ,
packed in boxes
• Ripening completed during transport
 Description
• Subspherical in shape
• Scar at apex & dry disc shaped
remains of nectery at base
• Sour taste
• Peel consists of outer most part of
pericarp & is cut when required
(fresh )
• Dried peel may be machine cut &
called as fine cut and gelatin cut
 Microscopy

• Epidermis polygonal tubular cells

Circular stomata
• Parenchyma consists of calcium
oxalate crystals
• Crystalline masses of hesperidine
• Small V.B
• Large oil filled cavities
 Constituents
• Volatile oil
• Hesperidin
• Vitamin A , B & C
• Bitter principle
aurantiamarin
• Isohesperidin , hesperic
acid , neohesperidin
• Aurantiamaric acid , bitter
 Uses

• Flavoring
agent
• Bitter tonic