Dissolved solids become concentrated inside the boiler that may lead to scaling or deposition causing poor heat

transfer and low efficiency. Dissolved gasses such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will react with the metals leading to boiler corrosion. Thus, proper treatment of boiler feed water is an important part of operating and maintaining a boiler system. Internal treatment includes the following injections:  Ammonia o correct the pH; neutralize CO2 and other acid components o injected into the deaerator downcomer pipes, condensate polishing out pipe o improper injection could lead to:

 Hydrazine o eliminate oxygen (O2); prevent pitting o magnetite formation (protective layer) o injected into the deaerator downcomer pipes, condensate polishing out pipe o improper injection could lead to:

 Phosphate o o o o anti-scaling buffer; minimize pH fluctuation injected into the steam drum improper injection could lead to:

This is how a well-treated pipe internal looks like

External Treatment is a separate topic which includes pre-treatment, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and demineralization making sure that make-up water is pure. The purer the feed water is, the lesser the chance for scaling and corrosion.