TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: GENERAL 1.IIntroduction 1.2 Unpacking the Unit 1.3 Installingthe Batteries SECTION 2: BASIC OPERATION 2.1 Power-On Sequence 2.2 Battery Low Indication 2.3 Audio Monitor 2.4 Mode Selection 2.5 600 Ohm Load 2.6 Test Leads 2.7 AC Power Transformer (Option) SECTION 3: OFF-HOOK THRESHOLD 3.1 General 3.2 CPE vs. CO Settings SECTION 4: DlGlT DISPLAY: TIMING 8r dB MODE 4.1 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 4.2 Disp(ay Format and Operation 4.3 Event Parameters 4.4 Custom Characters 4.5 CLEAR Key 4.6 SCAN Key 4.7 dB Meter SECTION 5: DIGIT DISPLAY: WRAPAROUND MODE SECTION 6: 1004 HZ TONE GENERATOR SECTION 7: SPECIFICATIONS WARRANTY 12-MONTH EXTENDED WARRANTY See Enclosed Flyer Page 2

SECTION I:GENERAL
11 Introduction .

The is a compact, portable line monitoring device. It is connected in parallel to a telephone line or trunk pair and bridges that pair with an extremely hlgh DC resistancelAC Impedance, whlch makes the device virtually "invisible". The primary function of the Llnemaster Is the monitoring of line activity via Ziad's, exclusive DIGIT DISPLAY feature. This feature captures and displays the values of all pulse and tone dialed digits, including percent break, pulses per second and interdigit time (pulse), or on-time, off-time and dB level (tones). The DIGIT DISPLAY also monitors the line status (on-hook, off-hook), zero volt or wink intervals and non-DTMF voice band tones. The Linemaster contalns an amplified audio monltor with volume control, whlch provldes easler monltorlng than conventional butt-sets, particularly when prolonged use is required.
A switchable 600 ohm load is built Into the unit to allow for precise dBm measurements or to simply terminate the line to verity a "live" pair. Lastly, a switchable 1004Hz tone generator is built into the unit.

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1.2 Unpacking the Unlt

Each Llnemaster Is shlpped from the factory In a corrugated carton that contains an inner case made of high-impact double walled plastic. This foam lined plastic case Is designed to be used as a permanent carrying case for the unit. The Linemaster is a complex, microprocessor based, electronic device and should be treated with care. We strongly suggest that the unit be kept in its carrying case when not in use.

1.3 Installing the B a t t e r l a

The battery compartment Is located on the back of the unit, directly behind the display. To remove the lid, sllde it upward as indicted by the arrow located on the battery lid. When installing batteries, be sure that the polarity symbols (+ and -) on the batteries match those embossed on the bottom of the battery compartment. Turn power on unit to see that it operates properly. If not, remove the batteries promptly as they could become damaged if left in the incorrect position for an extended period of time. When replacing batterles in the Mure, use only high quallty alkallne cells. These cells have lower impedance than conventional cells and will guarantee better operation of the Linemastet's sensitive audio circuits.

NEVER leave discharged batteries in the Llnemaster for prolonged periods of time, they may leak and damage the unit. If lengthy storage of the unit is required, remove the batteries regardless of age or charge.

SECTlON 2: BASIC OPERATION

2.1 Power-On Sequence
Before turning on the unit, acquaint yourself with the location of each item shown In Figure 1. Once you have done this, turn the Linemaster on by rotating the thumbwheel (ONIOFFNOLUME) control down or counterclockwise. You should hear an Immediate "click" from the thumbwheel control which indicates the "ON" position has been reached.You need not rotate the control any further at this point. As soon as power Is applied to the unit, the sign-on messages will appear on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). There are two messages, each lasting one second each. These messages are as follows:
1.

L~~~MASTER~~ by Ziad, Inc.

2.

BAlTERY SUPPLY IS OKAY

If these messages are not displayed Immediately , press the CLEAR key. If the unit still falls to produce the slgn-on messages, check the batteries for proper installation and repeat the above steps. 2.2 Battery Low lndicatlon If the second of the two sign-on messages appears as "BATTERY SUPPLY IS LOW' instead of "BATTERY SUPPLY IS OKAY as previously described, this is an indication that the batteries have discharged sufflclently to trlp a circuit within the Linemaster which creates the above message. Thls will occur when the battery voltage has dropped to approximately 4.75 VDC. The unit should continue to operate for some tlme after the flrst appearance of the message. To view battery status at any time without turning the Linemaster "OFF" and "ON' again, simply press and hold the SCAN key, press and release the CLEAR key, then release the SCAN key. This will generate the sign-on messages as previously described. This two-key sequence can also be used to reset the microprocessor at any time. Although this should rarely be needed, certain functions may cause "brown-out" problems when the unit is in the "low battew state. Symptoms of this condition would be the failure of the CLEAR key to reset the display or failure of the LCD to change displays when various modes are selected.

2.3 Audio Monitor

The audio monitor is automatically Jwitched on when the ONIOFFNOLUME control Is moved to the ON position. Volume may then be controlled by either up or down rotation, as desired. This feature allows monitoring of line activity in a hands-free state and has ample volume to be heard up to 10 feet. However, to achieve this level of volume, the internal amplifier is NOT top-end limited and Is capable of reproducing very loud tones at levels that could cause hearing damage if the speaker is placed directly to the ear. Therefore, this type of usage is NOT recommended.

2.4 Mode Selections

Immediately following the BAlTERY SUPPLY IS OKAYlLOW message, the Linemaster will allow you to select several modes of operation. The first option is between TIMING 8 dB or WRAPAROUND modes (The features provided by each mode will be discussed in Sections 4 and 5). Selection of the desired mode is accomplished by depressing the SCAN key to toggle between modes, while the CLEAR key is used to enter the displayed selection and to move to the next display. Since the TIMING 8 dB mode is the most commonly used feature, this is the default feature and is automatically displayed. If you do not need to change this mode, the Linemaster will time-out in 6 seconds, skip the second mode selection and proceed to the main Digit Display function. If you wish to change the second mode selection, you must depress the CLEAR key to proceed to the next dlsplay. The second optlon Is between off-hook threshold levels of CPE, which is less than 22 VDC and CO which Is less than 44 VDC. The procedure to change this option and proceed to the next display is identical to the first selection option above.

2.5 800 Ohm Load

The Linemaster has a built-In, switchable 600 ohm load which has several uses. The primary use would be to termtnate a line or tank in order to read dB as dBm. To use the load for thls function, use some other device that is capable of dialing (butt-set, etc.) to reach the desired test tone. At this point, simply depress the 600 ohm load switch to the "IN" position and disconnect the device used for dialing. The dB meter of the Linemaster can now be used to read the level of the tone, which can now be expressed as true dBm. this switch can also be used to answer a ringing line for the same purpose. In either case, be sure that the sole termination of the line is the 600 ohm load of the Linemaster. If this load is placed in parallel with another terminating device (PBX, key system, dialer, butt-set, etc.) the load presented will equal something less than 600 ohms and the reading taken by the Linemaster will not be an accurate dBm reading. Another use for thls load Is to "pull dial tone" for the purpose of looklng for "live" pairs. The combination of the 600 ohm load and the audio monltor allows the Linemaster to be used hands-free for this function. The electrical components of this load are strictly resistive (per AT&T technical specification) and as such exhibit the same DC resistance and AC impedance. In addition, a resistive 600 ohm load will remain a constant value regardless of frequency. However, some caution is required when using this load to prevent damage due to excessive heat dissipation. The maximum power handling capacity of this load is six (6) watts, which is so excessive for the typlcal use of the Linemaster that it was considered unnecessary to fuse this link. Even a momentary connection to a 48 VDC power supply without any series resistance will not harm the load. However, prolonged connection to this type of voltage

source could damage other internal components of the Linemaster that are in proximity to the load, including possible case meltdown. As with all test equipment, it is best to know what is on the other end of a pair of wires before you terminate them.

2.6 Test Leads

The Llnemaster comes equipped with test leads that have miniature alligator clips on one end and an RJ-11 male plug on the other end. The RJ-11 male plugs into the RJ-11 receptacle on the bottom of the Linemaster case. The leade are Industry standard coded, with the red lead representing ring or battery and the green lead representing tip or ground. Any other type of modular jack cords may be used with the Llnemaster, however, if polarity is important to your application, you should be aware that some modular cords are reversing.

2.7 AC Power Transformer (Optlonal)

A 120V AC wall-mounted power transformer is available for this unit. The transformer can be used with the batteries installed or in place the batteries. The AC wall-mounted power transformer plugs Into any conventional 120V AC receptacle and into the available DC power jack located on the left side of the unit directly above the rotary ONIOFFNolume control.

SECTION 3: OFF-HOOK THRESHOLD

3.1 General

Before advancing to the features provided by the DIGIT DISPLAY, it is important that you understand how the Linemaster determines the line status (on-hook or off-hook) and also captures dlal pulses by using a slmple voltage comparison. Most telephone switching systems supply a talk battery within the range of 4555 VDC. If loop extenders are added, this may increase to as much as 85 VDC. In all of these cases, the telephone instrument only needs 5-6 VDC for adequate operation. The remaining voltage is dropped across the internal resistance of the switching system and the copper wire pair that connect this system to the telephone. The only important component of this equation is the amount of current nowing In the complete loop. Most singlestation telephones require at least 20mA for satisfactory operation. Therefore, the amount of voltage that a switch provides is mainly dependent upon the average distance between the switch and the telephone. Once this is understood, it is easy to see why most switches that are located in heavily populated urban areas supply the 45-55 VDC needed for loops of four miles or less, while switches that provide service to rural areas may need loop extenders for loops of up to eight miles, while small town switches and PBX's need only 24 VDC supplies for loops up to 1000 feet. If a voltage meter is placed across a typical telephone pair, the voltage read in the on-hook state will be the entire supply of the switch due to the fact that the telephone is providlng an open in parallel with the meter. When the telephone 6

closes the loop, causing current to flow, the llne Is now considered off-hook and the voltage read across the line depends entirely on where you are located in the loop. If the supply of a certain switch Is 48 VDC and the meter is placed at the point where the outside plant wifing is connected to the swltch, the reading taken could be as high as 36-40 VDC due to the fact that the meter Is In parallel with the entlre loop external to the switch, lncludlng the telephone. On the other hand, If the meter is placed directly across the phone at the customer location, the readlng could be as low as 5 VDC since only the small resistance of the telephone is in parallel with the meter. The Linemaster uses exactly this technique to determine the on-hookloff-hook status of the llne and to capture dial pulses, which are nothing more than a rapid pattern of on-hook and off-hook transitions called break and make cycles. Howwer, since the Linemaster was designed for use at the switch site, as well as, the customer location, the voltage reference that Is compared to the line voltage must be adjustable. Thls is accomplished by selecting the proper mode option as previously described in Paragraph 2-3.
3.2 CPE vs. CO Settlngs

As previously described, the Linemaster allows two voltage reference selections. The first optlon is called CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) which would be used when the Linemaster Is located at the end of a loop whlch is the farthest point from the switch. The reference for thls option is 22 VDC. This means that the on-hook voltage must be greater than 22 VDC. while the offhook voltage must drop below this reference. Since most Linemasten will be used for this application, this optlon is programmed as the default value and will be selected automatically upon power-up of the unit The second optlon I8 called CO (Central Office) whlch would be used when the Llnemaster Is located at the switch slte. The reference for this optlon Is 44 VDC. This means that the on-hook voltage must be greater than 44 VDC, while the off-hook voltage must drop below this level. This option must be selected manually upon power-up of the unit Should you wish to change this option after Initial selection, you may do so without removing power from the unit by using the two key reset sequence described in Paragraph 2-2. This will reset the options to their defaults.

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SECTION 4: DIGIT DISPLAY: TIMING & dB MODE

4.1 Llquld Crystal Dlsplay (LCD)

The display conslsts of two (2) rows of sixteen (18) characters each. Each character is made up of a five by seven dot matrix which provldes greater resolution than many LCD's and also allows the use of the full range of standard typewritten characters. Thls makes the Llnemastets display easy to read and understand. There are, however, two areas that the LCD Is less than perfect First, the LCD tends to be difficult to read in very bright light, such as sunlight, or in very dlm
7

light. Secondly, the LCD is very sensitive to the cold. if the temperature falls below 32 degrees F, you will notice that the display may appear darker that normal when the unit Is turned on. As the display warms to room temperature. the normal contrast will return. You should not be overly concerned about exposing the LCD to the cold, as damage would occur only if exposed to temperatures below -40 degrees F for a prolonged period of time.
I

4.2 Display Formet and Operation

As mentioned in Paragraph 4-1, the LCD consists of two (2) rows of sixteen (16) characters per row. The first character of the top row (left) is a location which display one of three special characters. Figure 2 depicts these three characters as they appear in dot matrix form. The first two characters are called Line Status characters with the first example showing the on-hook state and the second example showing the off-hook state. These characters resemble a telephone with the handset moving up and down to indicate line status. As mentioned in Section 3, this character is controlled by a comparison of the voltage across the line with and internal voltage reference that is set by the CPElCO selection optlon.

The third character is called Zero Volt and is present in the first space when zero volts of potential exists across the test leads. This symbol will appear when the test leads are not connected to anything, or on idle ground start trunks. This character may also be displayed at other places In a call record, as will be discussed in Section 4-4. The unique thing about the first space of the top row, in addition to the previously discussed fact that only three characters are ever displayed there, is that those three characters will erase and replace each other In the same space. This behavior will not occur In any other space on the display, since the purpose of the remainder of the display is to capture and retain data about each event that occurs during the progression of a call. The operation of the display is very similar to a typewriter, with each event character filling the next space to the right. The display cursor (a small line under the character) is left under the last character. This continues until all thirtyone (31) spaces are full, at which point the display software will ceases the accumulation of data and will not M a p around' or "write over" previously displayed data. concerning the operation of the There is one last item that should be rnen~oned display. As you begin to familiarize yourself with the DIGIT DISPLAY, you wlll notice that each event character Is not written to the display until it has finished. This is due to the collection of timing data that will be explained in the next paragraph.
8

4.3 Event Parameters

Using the example once again of the event characters being written to the display as if they were being typed on a typewriter, imagine that the display s o h a r e could keep track of the amount of time that each key was held down and the amount of time that elapsed from the point where the last key was released until the next key is pressed. This is exactly what the display software captures for the first fifteen (15) event characters that fill the top row of the LCD. The bottom row is used to display the parameters In three different formats, depending on the type of character that the cursor is sitting under. By using the SCAN key (see Paragraph 48), you can view the parameters for each top row character on a spacsby-space basis.

Figure 3 Figure 3 shows a completed call record that consists of fourteen (14) event characters which fyllow the off-hook status indication and filled spaces 2 through 15 of the top row. If you will notlce, the cursor Is displayed under the character "6". This means that the information associated with thls character is displayed on the bottom row of the LCD . In the case of the "6", the format of the bottom row indicates that this character was transmitted by rotary dial pulse. Had this "6" been transmitted in DTMF, the format of the bottom row would be much different in appearance, as Figure 4 demonstrates. The Information that is captured for rotary dlal pulse Is: the % of break; (which is the percent of the time the line was broken during on complete breaklmake cycle), the pulses-per-second (PPS); (which is the number of complete pulse cycles that can be transmitted in one second), and the interdigit time; (which is the time that has elapsed from the end of break period of the sixth pulse of the "6",to the beginning of the break period of the next rotary dial pulse character. or the beginning of an entirely new event). The range of the interdigit timer is 0.001 to 9.9 seconds. In Figure 3, the interdigit time is displayed as .7001D which equals 700/100Oth of a second, or 700 milliseconds. NOTE: In the case of a rotary dial pulse "I", the break time is displayed in milliseconds since % of break and PPS can not be calculated for a single break.

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Figure 4

Figure 4 shows the same call record as Figure 3 but the cursor is now under the

"7". Once again, the format of the bottom row indicates what method was used
to transmit the character, which in the case of the "I",was DTMF. The informatlon captured for DTMF Is: the onloff tlme; (which is the amount of tlme that the tone was present on the Ilne, followed by the elapsed time from the end of this tone to the beginning of the next DTMF tone or the beginning of and entirely new event), and the dB level or the tone. The range of the onloff timer is 0.001 to 9.9 seconds. In the above example, both the on and the off times are displayed as .060, which equals 6011000th of a second, or 60 milliseconds. The range of the dB function is -30 dB to 0 dB (relative) and is displayed in 1dB steps.

Figure 5 Figure 5, once again, shows the same call record as Figures 3 and 4 but the cursor is now under one of the Linemasteh custom characters, known as the Zero Volt Interval. Slnce the character is not a tone. no dB level Is displayed. Therefore, the only information that can be captured is: the onloff time; (which is the amount of time the Zero Volt Interval was present, followed by the elapsed tirne between the end of the event and the beglnnlng of the next). The range of the timer is 0.001 to 9.9 seconds. In the above example, the event is displayed as lasting .100, whlch equals 10011000th qf a second, or 100 milliseconds, while the off tirne is displayed as 4.9 and Is read as 4.9 seconds. Although many different terms have been used in this section, all of which mean different things depending on the context in which they are used, it is interesting to note that, from an electrical standpoint, the terms "make cycle", "Interdlgit time", "DTMF off-tlme" and custom character 'off-tlme" are all ldentlcal In function and simply mean that there is a stable DC voltage dropped across the test leads of the Linemaster that is below the off-hook threshold and has no appreciable AC components.

4.4 Custom Characters

As previously mentioned, any character that has a numerical value of 0-9 is a dialed digit that was transmitted in either rotary dial pulse or DTMF. The difference can be determined by the format of the bottom row parameter display. In addltion, the DTMF characters ', #, A, 8, C, and D are dlsplayed exactly as they appear on the keypad. The other five (5) characters that may appear on the display are custom characten that were created especially for the Linemaster. Each of these characten Is created by a specific event that occurs during typical telephone line usage. The definition of each character and the associated event that creates it is as follows:

'

This is called the LlNE STATUS ONHOOK. Thb occurs whenever the line voltage rises above the OFF-HOOK threshold for at least 150 milliseconds and will continue to be displayed until replaced with one of the next two characters. This character will only be displayed in the flrst space of the top row.
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This Is called the LlNE STATUS OFFHOOK. This occurs whenever the line voltage falls below the OFF-HOOK threshold for at least 100 mllliseconds and will continue to be displayed until replaced by either the ON-HOOK version of this character or the next character. This character will only be displayed in the first space of the top row.

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This is called the ZERO VOLT INTERVAL This occurs whenever there is less than 3 volts of potentlal across the line for at least 50 milliseconds. This character may be present in the first space of the top row if the display has been cleared (see Section 4-7) and the test leads are not connected to anything or are connected to an idle ground start trunk. This character may also be present In any other space on the display which will indicate that the telephone switch battery has been removed from the line. This occurs regularly on most switches just before dial tone is generated or as the call is switched after completion of dialing. This is not the same as the break cycle of a rotary dial \pulse which occurs when the line voltage rises above the OFF-HOOK threshold, though no current will flow during either event. The bottom row parameter for this went is shown in Figure 5, with the on-time indicating the length of the event (usually 50-150 milliseconds). This is called the LONQ PULSE INTERVAL The criteria for this event Is the same as the LINE STATUS ON-HOOK (above) but it is displayed in the call record at the point where it occurs. This character is usually created by a hook-flash or a legitimate ON-HOOK which may last any length of time. In this second case, you will only see this character if you do not clear the display before a new OFF-HOOK occurs, due to the fact that characters are not displayed until an event ends. The bottom row parameter for this event is shown In Figure 5, with the ontime indicating the length of the event Frequently, this time will be shown with an up-arrow in front of 9.9 seconds, since this is the limits of the timer. This is called the IN-BAND TONE INDICATOR. The criteria for this event is the presence of any non-DTMF tone on the line for at least 500 milliseconds, that is between 3003000 Hz and has a level of at least 24 dB which does not fluctuate more than 3 dB. This character is usually created by dial tone or ring back In this second case, the software will not ailow consecutive characters of this type to be displayed next to each other. Instead a single character will be shown but as soon as the first tone has ended, the onloff time of the bottom 11

1 ' :

row parameter wlll begin to toggle back-and-forth wlth each new ring. This feature keeps the dlsplay from being filled with ring-back signals. The format for the bottom row parameter Is the same as for DTMF, as shown in Figure 4, with the onloff time indicated for the last cycle only.

4.5 CLEAR Key

This key has several uses that have already been described in Section 2. However, the primary functlon of this key is to clear the display of all data that was captured for the last call record. Simply press this key once and the display will be cleared except for the first space of the top row which always indicates the current line status.

4.6 SCAN Key

Until now, the DIGIT DISPLAY has been discussed In terms of "real time". While it Is true that thls feature operates with only a sllght delay that is caused by the need to wait for timing data, many events simply occur too fast to allow the bottom row of parameters to be adequately revlawed. By using the SCAN key, you can revlew previously stored data during the progress of a call or after completion. As described, the cursor rests under the last character that is displayed, with the bottom row of the display Indicating the parameters for this indlvldual character. The SCAN key moves the cursor one space each time it is depressed, moving left to right Upon reaching the last space of the top row it will move to the first space of the bottom row and then return to the second space of the top row, at which time the parameters for that character will re-appear on the bottom row. If the display is not completely full, the cursor will skip all empty spaces for faster return. If you use the SCAN key while a call is still In proqress, you will notice that n w characters are wrHten to the display In proper sequence, but the cunor will remain where you placed it, with the new parameters for that character displayed on the bottom row of the LCD. The parameters associated with these new characters that are displayedduring the SCAN process have not been lost but have been placed Into memory. To view these parameters, simply move the cursor under each character and they will appear on the bottom row.
As you may have noticed, the complete cunor cycle around the LCD seemed to stop on the fist space of the bottom row without reason. If you will recall, the complete cycle Is only requlred If the dlsplay Is completely full. Up until now, we have discussed thls top row as dlsplaylng events characters and the bottom row displaying event parameters only. While this is true for the first fifteen (15) characters (full top row), the bottom row serves a second purpose should a sixteenth character be created. If this occurs, the bottom row will begin to display event characters until full (16 characters). However, no parameters are capture for these bottom row characters. This is why the cursor stops at the first space on the bottom row. Slnce these characters have no parameters associated with them, there Is no need for the cunor to move under each one. Instead, it simply stops at the first space and displays the entire row of characters before returning to the top row.

4.7 dB Meter
As previously described, the DIGIT DISPLAY mode indicates the dB level of DTMF and other In-band tones, which are displayed in 1 dB steps. Since this display mode is in real time, tones can only be sampled for level at one point in time, due to the fact that their eventual length is unknown. Therefore, accuracy suffers somewhat when extremely fast readings are required. For more accurate readlngs of tones that have longer duration, or are constant, use the dB METER functlon of the Linemaster.

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The DIGIT DISPLAY and dB METER functions are interactive, which means you may move from one function to another without losing any data. The DIGIT DISPLAY will continue to collect and store events while you are in the dB METER mode, which can be reviewed via the SCAN key upon returning to DIGIT DISPLAY. To access the dB METER function, depress and hold the SCAN key for two (2) seconds. Figure 6 Indicates the format of this display which will read tones from 4 0 dB to +6 dB in 0.5 dB steps. As mentloned in Paragraph 24, the term "dBm" refers to a reading taken across a precise 600 ohm load, such as that bullt into the Linemaster. If a reading is taken across an unknown load, then this must be considered as "dBP (relative), even though the Linemaster is displaying the dBm indication. SECTION 5: DIGIT DISPLAY: WRAPAROUND MODE This mode was included at the request of certain customers who needed to monitor long streams of data that are transmitted in DTMF, such as memory "dumps" from dialers or call records from payphones, etc. Upon selection of this mode option (see Paragraph 2-3) you will note that the display appears the same as the Timing 8 dB mode when cleared. However, as event characters begin to till the b p row of the display. no event parameters are displayed on the bottom row. When the top row is full, the bottom row Is used for event characters, which is typical of the Timing 8 dB mode. The big difference between the two modes occurs when the bottom row is full. At this point, the display performs a "line feed", which moves all characters from the bottom row to the top row (this act also erases the custom hook-status character from the first space of the top row). Now characters are written to the bottom row only, with each full line creating another line feed.

The display may be cleared at anytlrne by using the CLEAR key. The SCAN key serves no purpose in this mode and the dB meter be can not be accessed.

SECTION 6: 1004 HZ TONE GENERATOR

Thls function Is activated by depresslng the lower of the two push button switches located on the rlght slde of the unit (see Figure 1). When the button Is depressed, it will lock in the ON position and the tone will be heard through the loudspeaker. The volume at which the tone is heard depends on the setting selected by the ONIOFFNOLUME control, which controls the "playback^ volume only. The level at which the tone is broadcast on the line is NOT controlled and is preset at the factory to 0 dBm (+I- 0.15dBm). When using the unit to broadcast this tone, the 600 ohm load should be in the OFF position to allow the receiving unit to terminate the fine with a similar 600 ohm load. The reading taken by the receiving unit can be expressed as "dB of loss" (i.e.. a reading of -3.5 dBm equates to 3.5 dB of loss on the circuit). Should the sending unit be in the dB meter mode, any reading taken will be irrelevant due to the fact that the total load resistance is unknown (i.e., the 600 ohm load of the receiving plus n feet of cable equals 7). This tone source may be used on "dry pairs" or DC loops with the same results. However, on DC loops, the battery source should not present a load to the llne or the load value must be a known value. in the latter case, a thorough knowledge of Ohms Law and the dB scale will be necessary to calculate a meaningful reading. To de-activate this feature, depress the push button switch slightly, which will cause it to release to the OFF position.

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7

SECTION 7: SPECIFICATIONS
7.1 Electrical Characteristics 1. DC resistance - Monitor (600 ohm load-out) 2. AC impedance - Monitor (600 ohm load-out) 3. DC resistance - 600 ohm load-in 4. AC Impedance 600 ohm load-in 5. Ringer Equivalency

> 1.7M ohms > 1.7M ohms 600 ohms +I- 1% 600 ohms +I- 1% 0.0 dB

7.2 Dlglt Dlsplay Function

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Min. DTMF receive time Min. DTMF receive level Max. DTMF receive level Max. Twist Max. Frequency Devlatlon DTMF dlsplay OnlOff time range 7. Min. Dial Pulse receive rate 8. Max. Dial Pulse receive rate 0. Min. Dial Pulse receive break % 10. Max. Dial Pulse receive break % 11. Min. Dial Pulse receive interdigit time 12. Min. In-Band tone presence 13. Min. In-Band tone level 14. Max. In-Band tone fluctuatlon 15. Mln. Long Pulse (hookflash) presence 16. Min. Zero Volt (wink) presence 17. Off-HookIDial Pulse threshold 40 mS -30 dBm 0 dBm +I- 10 dB +I- 1.5% or -2 Hz 30 mS to 9.9 S 5 PPS 20 PPS 50% 75% 100 mS 300 mS -30 dBm 2 dB or less 150 rnS 50 rnS Software selectable tor 22 VDC (CPE) or 44 VDC (CO) dBm if across 600 ohm load -40 dB to +6 dB 0.5 dB steps +I- 0.5 dB 1 0 0 4 k preclse 0 dBm across 600 ohm load +I- 0.15 dBm

7.3 dB Meter 1. Calibration 2. Scale 3. Display Increments 4. Accuracy

7.4 1004 Hz Tone Oenerator 1. Frequency 2. Level

7.5 Physical
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Size weight Case Material Test Leads Battery Type Carrying Case

7 . 0 x 3.9" x 1.4" 16 oz High Impact ABS 4' with mini-alligator clips 1.5 VDC "PA" type (4 req'd) Double wall, foam lined polyethylene

Specifications subiect to revision without notice All s~ecifications 20 deqrees C (68 deqrees F1 at

WARRANTY
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION OF ANY AGREEMENT THE FOLLOWING IS EXCLUSIVE:

Zlad, Inc. wanants each lnshoment R manufacturers to be free from defeds I matetial and n wwkmanshlp under normal use and servlca far the peW of 180 days from tho date of prchme. TMs warranty extend8 only to the orlglnal purchaser. Thls warranty shall not apply to hd+bb . batterlea u any other product ar parta whlch have been wbjcd to mlsum, r#glect, accldsnt a abnonnal condllbns of opetatknr.
In the event of fallure of a product covered by this warranty, Zlad, Inc. will repair and callkete an lnstrument returned to an authabed sewlce facility within 1BQ days of the orlglnal pudase prwlded the warrantor's examinatbn didoses to Ih sattsfactbn that ths produd was L f e c t b . The warmntor may, at its option. replace tha produd in k u of repair. With regard to my Instrument returned with 180 days of tha orlglnal purchase, sald repalm or rewill b made wiUIout charge. If the fellure has been caused by misuse, neglect, acckknt, or abnormal condltkns of operations, repah wlN be Mlled at a nominal cost. In wch mm, an csttmate wlll be submHted before wak is U e d , If requested. THE FOREGOING WARRANM IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS O IMPLIED. INCLUDING. BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF R MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OR ADEQUACY FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. ZIAD, INC. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE. If any failwe occurs, the following etcps shwld be taken:
1. 2.

Notify Zlad, Inc., or nearest setdm facility, gtvlng full details of the dilflarity, and include the model number, type number, and detail number. On receipt of the Return Merchandhe Authorizatton (RMA). forward tha instrument, transportation prepald. Repairs wll be made at tho scrvlcc facillty and tho instrument returned, transportaion prepald.

SHIPPING TO MANUFACTURER FOR REPAIR OR ADJUSTMENT: A shipments of Zlad, Inc. Instruments should be made via Unled Parcel S N w 'Bed W V prepald. The Instrument should be shlpped In R orlglnal pacldng carton, w If not s avehble, use any suitable container that is rlgld and of adequate size. If a suitabk container Is mt used, the instrument should be mepped In paper and rumnmded with at least four inches of axcelskr or dmllar shock-absorbing material. CLAIM FOR DAMAGE IN SHIPMENT TO ORIGINAL PURCHASER:

The lnst~ment should be thoroughly inspected immediately upon orlglnal dellvery to purchaser. A l rnatedal In the contalner should be checked against the enclosed pacldng Rst. The manufacturer win not be responsible for shortages against the packing sheet unless ndifled Immediately. If the lnstrument Is damaged In any way, a claim should be flled with the carrier knmedtately. Final claim and negdlatbm with the carrier must be completed by tho customer.

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

2 6 2 HANOVER ST, C O L U M B U S , O H I O 43275

614-464-IQOO

LTWU

r v........,...... -....,......... 1-1 I a t r d o c t i ~ . . . . . . . . . . - . . . 1-4 Unpacking the U n i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 I n s t s l l i n g the B a t t e r i e ~ . . . . ~ . . . . . .

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2-6

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S@IW@b : DIOIT D I S W Y TDlIllp & d 8 , p . S'L LCD 5 3 Dieplay Furmat md Operation....... 4-3 Event Parmeterr:.

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.................... 6

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DIOIT DISPLAY
V I C m U M I

...............11

IlbWrrr............................... (ktaide Baak Cover

(Rev.-*

SECTION 1

- GENERAL

1-1 Introduction The Linemaster is a compact, portable line-monitoring device. It is connocted in parallel t o a teleptnone line or trunk pair and bridges that pair with an extremely high DC resistance/AC impedance, which makes it virtually 'invislble: The primary function of the Linemaster is the monitoring o f line activity via Ziad,'s exclusive DIGIT DISPLAY feature. This feature captures and displays the values of all tone and pulse dialed digits, including on/off time and d B levels (for tones) or % break, pulses-per-second and interdigit tone [for pulses). The DIGIT DISPLAY also monitors the line status (on-hook/off-hook), zero volt or wink intervals and non-DTMF voico band tones. The Linemaster also contains an amplified audio monitor with volume control, whlch provides easier monitoring than conventional butt-sets, particularly when prolonged use is required. ..

A switchable 6 0 0 Ohm load is also built-in to the unit to allow for precise dBm measurements or t o simply terminate *hd4'line to verify a *livem pair.

.. .

1-2 U n p m i n q tho llnit Each Linemaster is shipped from the factory in a corrugated carton that contains an inner carton made OC high-impact double-wall plastic. This foam lined plastic case is designed to be used as a permanent carrying case for the unit. The Linemaster ie a complex, microprocessor based, electronic device and should be treated accordingly. We strongly suggest that the unit be kept in its carrying case when not in use. Also included with each Linemaster is one set of batteries, type A n alkaline and this manual. Please check to make sure all items were shipped with the unit before proceeding.
1-3 --lnstallinq

the Batteries

The battcry compartment is located on the back o f tho unit, directly behind the display. T o remove the lid, slide it up as indicated by the arrow engraved on the outsido surface. When installing the batteries, be sure that the polarity symbols I+ and on each battery match those engraved in the bottom o f the compartment. As soon as the batteries are installed in the compartment, turn the unit on to ses if it operates properly (See Section 2 ) . If not. remove the batteries prompty as they could be damaged if left in an incorrect position for a prolonged period of time. When replacing the batteries in the future. use only high quality alkaline cells like those originally supplied with the unit. These cells have a lower impedance than conventional cells and will guarantee better operation of the Linemaster's sensitive audio circuits. In addition, alkaline cells are generally cheaper on a per-hour basis. Never leave discharged batteries in the Linemaster for prolonged periods of time a s they nay leak and damage the unit. I2 lengthy storage of the Linemaster is required, remove the batteries regardless of age or charge.

1. Hanger Strap 2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

3 . Clear Key

6 . 600 Ohm Load Switch

7. Loudspeaker 8. 1004 HE Tone Switch

9 . RJ-11 Jack I F e m o l c ) 0 . Battery Compartment

4. Scan Key
5. On-OEf/Volume Control

6 T l l t Stand

2-1

Power-On

Sequence

Before t u r n i n g t h e Linemaster on, t a k e s e v e r a l m i n u t e s t o a c q u a i n t y o u r s e l f w i t h t h e l o c a t i o n o f e a c h i t e m shown i n F i g u r e 1. Once you h a v e d o n e t h i s , t u r n t h e L i n e m a s t e r o n b y r o t a t i n g t h e thumbwheel ON-OPPfVOLUIIE c o n t r o l , l o c a t e d o n t h e l e f t s 1 d e o f t h e u n i t ( d i s p l a y f a c i n g y o u ) , down o r c o u n t e r - c l o c k w i s e . You s h o u l d i m m c d i a t u l y h c a r a p o s i t i v e " c l i c k " From t h e thumbwheel c o n t r o l which i n d i c a t e s t h o O p o s i t i o n h a s bccn r e a c h e d . N You n e e d n o t r o t a t e t h i s c o n t r o l a n y f u r t h e r a t thla point. As s o o n a s power i s a p p l i e d t o t h e u n i t , t h e s i g n - o n m e s s a g e s o h o u l ~ l n[,[rear on t h e L i q u i d C r y s t a l D i s p l a y (LCD). T h e r e a r e two ( 2 ) m e s s a g e s og i n fill, I ~ ~ s t i n n c ( 1 ) s c c o n d e a c h . T h e s e m e s s a g e s w i l l a p p e a r a s f o l l o w s : T M DATTERY SUPPLY LincMASTER XS O A KY by Z i a d , I n c .

>

I f t h c s e m c s s a g c s a r c n o t d i s p l a y e d i m m e d i a t e l y , d e p r e s s t h e CI.ENI k e y . If the u n i t s t i l l f a i l s t o produce t h e sign-on messages, check t h e b a t t e r i e s f o r p r o p e r p o l a r i t y a n d r e p e a t t h e above s t e p s .

I t ~ h cs o c u r ~ I o f ~ l t o two mign-on I ~ U U D ~ ~ J CaH q a u a r s a s -UAT.rEIiY SUPI'IIY I S LOW" l i n s t c a d o f "IIATTERY SUPPLY I S OKAY" a s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d , t h i s i s a n i n d i c a t i o n t110t t h o b a L t e r i e s h a v e d i s c h a r g e d s u f f i c i e n t l y t o t r i p a c i r c u i t w i t h i n t h e I . i ~ ~ n m n w t rw l ~ i c h c r e a t e s t h e above message. r T h i s s h o u l d o c c u r when t h e b a t t e r y voltnqcq hnn d r o p p e d t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4.75 VDC. The u n i t s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t o o p e r a t e While n o a b s o l u t e Lor tic,n\cS t l m c a f t e r t h e f i r s t a p p e a r a n c e o f t h i s i n d i c a t i o n . rlltarnntun c a n bc g i v e n a s t o t h e a c t u a l t i m e l e f t i n t h e b a t t e r i e s , n o r t h e RI.<.IIIIICY o f t h c m e t e r f u n c t i o n s i n Lhc low b a t t e r y s t a t e , e x p e r i e n c e t o d a t e 11.1s r.t~own I l ~ n t t h e m a j o r i t y o f u n i t s w i l l c o n t i n u e t o e x h i b i t naorc t h a n e n o u g h at.r.t8I.*cy Tor t ~ l c c o m m u n i c a t i o n s t e s t i n g w i t h a s low a s 4.2 VDC. The t i m e r e q u i r e d U l o cllat.ltnryt. from 4 . 7 5 t o 1 . 2 V C v a r i e s w i t h t h o u s e o f t h e I d i n e m a s t e r ' s f e a t u r e s The l a r g e s t c o n s u m p t i o n o f c u r r e n t i s 1,111 r.tbut~ld llu i n t h e 4 t o 6 h o u r r a n g e . an?corinrwl w i t h t h e a u d i o m o n i t o r . For l o n g e r b a t t e r y l i f e , s e l e c t t h e l o w e s t v o l l l t n ~I.cssnll,lc f o r cacti a p p l i c a t i o n . To viow I t a t t o r y s t a t u s a t nny t i m c w i t h o u t t u r n i n g t h e I . i n e m r s t c r OeP a n d s i m p l y p r e s s a n d h o l d t h e SCAN k e y , p r e s s a n d r e l e a s e Lhe CI.BAR k e y , t h c n r c l c a s e t h e SCAN k e y . T h i s w i l l g c n e r a t e t h e sign-on messages a s p r e v i o u s l y d u s c r i h c r l . T h i s two-key s e q u e n c e c a n a l s o b e u s e d t o re-set t h e m i c r o p r o c e s s o r a t any t i m c . Although t h i s s h o u l d r a r e l y be needed, past experience has d e m o n s t r a t e d some .brown-out" p r o b l e m s a s c e r t a i n f u n c t i o n s a r e s e l e c t e d which r e q u i r e more c u r r e n t from b a t t e r i e s t h a t a r e a l r e a d y i n t h e 'low b a t t e r y " state. Symptoms OF t h i s c o n d i t i o n would b e t h e f a i l u r e o f t h e LCD t o c h a n g e d i s p l a y s when v a r i o u s modes a r e s e l e c t e d , o r t h e f a i l u r e o f t h e CLEAR k e y t o r e - s e t t h e display.
Llio

ON n g a i n ,

2-3
The

Audio M o n i t o r Audio

E l o n l t o r i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y s w i t c h e d o n when t h e ON-OPF/Volume c o n t r o l t o t h e Ou p o s i t i o n . Volume may t h e n b e c o n t r o l l e d by e i t h e r u p o r dovn r o t a t i o n a s d e s i r e d . This feature allows f o r monitoring of l i n e a c t i v i t y i n a h a n d s - f r e e mode and h a s nmplc volumc t o bc t i c a r d u p t o 10 f e c t o r more. Ilowever, t o a c h i c v e t l l l s i e v c l o f v o l ~ l m c , t l l c i n t e r n a l s m p l l f l e r I s n o t t o p - e n d l i m i t e d and i s c a p a b l e o f r e p r o d u c i n g very loud t o n e s a t l e v e m a t c o u l d c a u s e h e a r i n g damage i f t h e s p e a k e r i s p l a c e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e e a r . Therefore, t h i s t y p e o f u s e a g e i s n o t rccommendcd.

i s moved

2-4 Mode Selections

Immediately f o l l w i n q the BATTERY SUPPLY IS OKAY/LOH molsagc, the Linemaster will allow you t o select several modes of operation. The first selection option is hetwoon TrWING C dn o r WRAPAROUND modes. (Thr f e n t u r ~ a provldcrl hy each n ~ d e wlll he dlncusscd in dctntl in lntcr ncctlonn). Sclcction o f tlic drslrcd mode is accomplished by depressing tlie SCAN kcy to toggln between modes, while the CLEAR key is used to enter the displayed selection and to movc to thc next display. This proccdurc can be graphically rcprcsented as follovs:

DISPLAY MODE:
ING
6

1 SCAN

(Change)

dB

k - - b

DISPLAY MODE: WRAPAROUND

C I . ~ A R (enterI

Second Selection Option Since the TIMING and d B mode is the most commonly used feature, this i s already If you do not need selected as a default value and is automatically displayed. to change this mode, the Linemaster will timeout in 6 seconds, skip the second made selection display and proceed t o the main Digit Display function. I f you d o not wish to change TIMING C dB to WRAPAROUND but wish to change the second mode selection, you must depress the CLEAR key to progress ta the display. Tho second selection option is between off-hook threshold levels of CPE, which is less than 22 VDC and CO which is less than Q 4 VDC. The procedure to change this option and proceed t o the next display (main Digit Display function) is identical t o the first selection optton above. This procedllr@ can be graphically represen tcd as follows: Threashold: OFFHOOK
CPE 22v

SCAN

(change)

4-----b

Threshold: CO orPnoou 44v

C. I+

Digit Display

[enter)

CI.+R

(enter) Display

t Digit

2-5 600 Ohm Idad

The Linemaster has a built-in, switchable 600 Ohm load which has several uses. The primary use would be t o terminate a line or trunk in order to read dR a s dBm. T o use this load for this function, use some other devicc that is capable of dialing (Butt-set, etc.) to reach the d o i r e d test tone. A t this point, simply movc the 600 Ohm load switch to thr IN ponitlon nnrl cllnconnect t t . c devlrc uncd cnll llc 11, ronrl LIIO lev-l lor r l 7 lnq. Thn dn motor ol Lltm I.ln*~~mnl~r nnv 180 i.ml l.1 of the tone, which can now be cxprn?ised h ? true dllm. Thtn switch can also br? uscd to answer a ringing line for the same purpose. In either case, be sure that the sole termination of the line is th4 600 Ohm load of the Linemaster. 1 : this load is placed in parallel with another terminating device (PBX, key system, dialer, Butt-set, etcl the load presented to the line will equal something less than 600 Ohms and the reading taken by the Lincmaater will not be an accurate dam reading. Another use for this load is to 'pull dial tone" for the purposc o f looking for 'live' pzaira. The combination of tlre 600 Ohm load nnd th- audio monitor allows the Linr?mastrr to be used hands-frnc Lor this function.

T h e e l e c t r i c a l r c ~ ~ n l ~ o n ~ - n l st h i s l o a d a r c s t r i c t l y r e s i s t i v c i p c r A'ChT t p c h n i c a l of s p e c i f i c a t i o n s 1 nt~rl a l R ~ I C I I r - x l i i l ~ i t t l i c same I)C r e s i s t a n c e a n d AC in,prd,,ncn. In a d d i t i o n , a r e s i s t t v e 6 0 0 Ohm Load w l l l r c m n l n a c o n s t n n t v a l u r r e g a r d l e s s o f frequency. Itowever, some c a u t i o n i s r e q u i r e d when u s i n g t h i s l o a d t o p r c v c n t damagc d u e t o e x c e s s i v e h e a t d i s s i p a t i o n . T h e mnxlmurn power h n n d l i n q c a p a c i t y of t h i s l o a d is 6 w a t t s , which is s o e x c e s s i v e f o r t h e t y p i c a l u s e of t h e E v e n a momentary L i n e m a s t e r t h a t it was c o n s i d e r e d u n n e c e s s a r y t o f u s e t h i s l i n k ; c o n n e c t i o n t o n I 8 VDC power s u p p l y w i t h o u t a n y s e r i e s r c s i s t a n c o w i l l n o t harm t h e load. ll&wovor, p r o l o n g e d c o n n o c t i o n t o t h i s t y p e o f v o l t a g e s o u r c e c o u l d dnmage o t h e r i n t ~ r n a l c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e L i n e m a s t e r t h a t a r e i n p r o x i m i t y t o t h e l o a d , i n c l u d l n q p o s s i b l e c a s e rncltdown. As w i t h a l l t e s t e q u i p m e n t , i t i s b e a t 1.j know what I n o n t h e o t h e r e n d of n p n t r o f w i r e s h e f o r o you t c r m i n n t o t l j c ~ n .

T h e L i n c m n ~ t c r comcs e q u i p p e d w i t h t e s t l e a d s t h a t h a v e m i n i a t u r e a l l i g a t o r c l i p s on o n e e n d a n d a n RJ-11 m a l e p l u g o n t h e o t h e r e n d , w h i c h p l u g s i n t o t h e RJ-11 P c m n l ~jnrk o n t h e bottom o f t h e L i n e m a s t e r c a s e . The l c a d s a c e i n d u s t r y s t a n d a r d coclod, w i t h t h c r e d l e a d r e p r e s e n t i n g r i n g o r b a t t e r y a n d t h e g r e e n l e a d r c p ~ r s e n t l n g t i p o r ground. Any o t h e r t y p e OF m o d u l a r j a c k c o r d s may b e u s e d w i t h t h e L i n e m n s t e r , h o w e v r r , i C p o l a r i t y i s i m p o r t a n t t o y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n , you nljould b e n w a r c t h a t sontc modul.lr c o r d s ace r e v e r s i n g a n d s h o u l d p l a n a c c o r d i n g l y .

n n r o r e a d v a n c i n g t o t h e f e a t u r e s p r o v i d e d b y t h e DIGIT D I S P L A Y , i t is important t h n t you u n d e r s t a n d how t h e L i n e m a s t e r determines t h e l i n e s t a t u s i o n o r o f f - h o o k ) nnd nlso c n p t u r c s d l a l p u l s e s b y u s i r ~ ya s i m p l e v o l t a g e c o m p a r i s o n . Nost

VDC.

t c l r p h o n e s w i t c h i n g s y s t e m s s u p p l y a t a l k b a t t e r y w i t h i n t h e r a n g e o f 45-55 I f l o o p e x t c n d c r s a r e a d d e d , t h i s may i n c r e a s e t o a s much a s 8 5 VDC. In n l l Of t h e s e c a s p s . t h e t c l c p h o n c i n s t r u m e n t o n l y n s e d s 5 o r 6 VDC L o r a Z c q u a t c nl'cration. The remaining v o l t a g e i s d r o p ~ c d a c r o s s t h e i n t e r n a l r e s i s t a n c e o f tl~r. nwitching system and t h e copper wirc p a i r t h a t connects t h i s system t o t h e Inleplionr. T h e o n l y i m p o r t a n t component oE t h i s e q u a t i o n is t h e a m o u n t o f c u r r e n t f low1 nq i n t h e rontlrl3tc l o o p . Most s i n g l e - s t a t i o n t e l e p h o n e s r e q u i r e a t l c n s t 70an f o r s n t i s f . i c t o r y o p c r n t L o n . T h e r e f o r e , t h e amount o f v o l t a g e t h a t a s w i t c h p r o v i c l c ? i q m n i n l y d r p c n d f n t upon t h e a v e r a g e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t h c s w i t c h a n d llsc t ~ l e p h o n c . Once t h i s i s u n r l c r s t o o d , i t is e a s y t o s e e why m o s t s w i t c h e s t h a t n r c l o c n t e ~ l i n h c n v i l y populated u r b a n a r e a s s u p p l y t h e 45-55 VDC n e e d e d f o r lor7p- o l f o u r ( 4 1 m l l c s o r l e s s , w h i l e s w i t c h e s t h a t p r o v i d e s e r v i c e t o r u r a l n r r - n l m.iy n e e d l o o p e x t e n d e r s f o r l o o p s o f u p t o e i g h t ( 8 1 m i l e s , with small town n w l t c h e 3 o n 8 PBXs n e e d i n g o n l y 2 4 VDC s u p p l i e s Cor l o o p s o f 1 0 0 0 f c c t o r no.
n volLnge m e t e r i s p l a c c d a c r o s s a t y p i c a l t e l e p h o n e p a i r , t h e v o l t a g e r e a d i n t h e on-hook s t a t e w i l l b e t h e e n t i r e s u p p l y o f t h e s w i t c h d u e t o t h e f a c t When t h e t h a t t h e t e l e p h o n e is p r o v i d i n g a n open i n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e m e t e r . t c l c p h o n r c l o s e s t h e l o o p , c a u s i n g c u r r e n t t o f l o w , t h e l i n e i s now c o n s i d e r e d o f f - h o o k a n d t h e v o l t a g e r e a d a c r o s s t h e l i n e d e p e n d s e n t i r e l y o n w h e r e you a r e 1f t h e s u p p l y o f a c e r t a i n s w i t c h i s 4 8 VDC a n d t h e m e t e r IocnCcd o n t h e l o o p . i. p l a c e d a t t h e p o i n t w h e r e t h e o u t s i d e p l a n t w i r i n g i s c o n n u c t e d t o t h e s w i t c h , t h e r e a d i n g t a k e n c o u l d b e a s h i g h a s 3 6 - 4 0 VDC d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r n e t c r is i n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e e n t i r e l o o p e x t e r n a l t o t h e s w i t c h , i n c l u d i n g t h e telephone. On t h e o t h e r h a n d , i f t h e m e t e r i s p l a c e d d i r e c t l y a c r o s s t h e p h o n e a t t h e c u s t o m e r l o c a t i o n , t h e r e a d i n g c o u l d b e a s l o w a s 5 VDC s i n c e o n l y t h e small r e s i s t a n c e of t h e telephone i s i n p a r a l l e l with t h e meter.
If

The Linemastcr uses exactly this technique to determine the on-hook/ofE-hook status OE the line and to capture dial pulses, which arc nothing more than a rapid pattern o f on and off-hook transitions called hreak and make cycles. Ilowever, since the Linemaster was dcsigned for use at the switch site as well as the customer location, the voltage rcfcrcnca that is compared to tho line voltage must be adjustable. This i l accomplished by sclectinq tho propor mode option as previously described in Paragraph 2-3. 3-2 CPE VS. CO Settings As previously described, the Linemaster allows two voltage reference selectlons. The first option is called CPB (Customer Premise Equipment) which would be used when the Linemaster is located at the end of a loop which is the farthest point from the switch. The reference for this option is 22 VDC. This means that the on-hook voltage must be greater than 22 VDC, while the off-hook voltage must drop below this reference. Since most Linemasters will be used for this application, this option i s pro-programed a s the default value and will be selected automatically upon power-up, unless changed. The second option is called CO (Central Office) which would be used when the Linemaster is located at the switch site. The reference for this option is 44 VDC. This means that the on-hook voltage must be greater than 1 4 VDC, while the off-hook voltage must drop bolow this option. Thls option most bo solcctod upon paver-up o f the unit. should you wish to change this option (or the Timing L du/Wraparorrndl after initial selection, you may d o s o without removing power from the unit by using the two-key reset sequence described in Paragraph 2-2. This will rc-set options to their default values. SECTION 4 -DIGIT DISPLAY

- TlblTNG

L dB W d e

Note: If you are already Eamlliar with ziad's PllD l'elecommor~icator, you will find this entlre section to be an exact duplication of the PHD manual, with the the followlng exception: 1) Whcn tho @isplay is clear and one of the three custom characters (on-hook, off-hook or zero volt) is present in the First space of the top row, the name of that character is displayed as a message across the top row (.on-hook., 'off-hookn, o r "Zero Volt"). At the same time, the bottom row i s used to provide a line polarity indication ('Normal Polarity. or "Reversc Polarity-). These messages appear each time the display is cleared and are erased when the first event character is written t o the display. 2) The dB BhRCRAPIl of. the PHD has been replaced In the Linemaster with a d B mctcr. The diffcrcnces are explained in detail in a later section. 4-1 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

This display consists of two ( 2 ) rows of sixteen ( 1 6 ) characters each. Each character i s made up of five ( 5 ) by seven ( 7 ) dot matrix whlch provides for greater resolution than many LCDs and also allows the use of the full range of standard typewritten characters, which makes it easy to read and understand. Several o f the other diyit analyzers on the market use a seven 1 7 ) sogmcnt display which Is basically lllnlted to the characters 1 through 0 . A s an exdmplc of tho disadvantages o f this type display, conslder that the DTMP character " I m must be displayed as a "' C. By contrast, the Linemaster displays all DTMY characters exactly a s they appear on the telephone keypad. In fsct, the LCD used In the Llnemaster is s o versatile that It contains five 1 5 ) cuotom characters that were created specifically Eor the unit. These will be dcscrlbcd in detail In a later paragraph in this same section.

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f

T h e r e a r e , however, s c v e r a l t h i n g s t h a t make LCDs i n g e n e r a l , l e s s t h a n p e r f e c t . F i r s t , t h e y t e n d t o be s l i g h t l y d t f E i c u l t to r e a d i n v e r y b r i g h t l i g h t , s u c h a s s u n l i g h t , o r i n v e r y dim l i g h t . Even i n c o r r e c t l i g h t i n g , t h e a n g l e of t h e l i g h t t o t h e d i s p l a y may c a u s e a g l a r e , w h i l e t h e a n g l e o f t h e d i s p l a y t o you may c a u s e i t t o a p p e a r r d t h e r d.1rk. hlthougli t t i c r a i s n o t o t a l c u r o Lor t h i n p r o b l ~ m , t h e Linonloster a n ~ p l o y s sonlo new t c c h n o l o q y i n p h o t o c h e m i c a l l y t r e a t e d p l a s t i c s i n t h e d i s p l a y c o v e r window, which h e l p s a g r e a t d e a l . The second problem i n v o l v e s t h e LCD's s e n s i t i v i t y to c o l d . If you l e a v e t h e L i n e m a s t e r i n y o u r c a r o v e r n i g h t and t h e t e m p e r a t u r e f a l l s below 32'P. you w i l l n o t i c e t h a t t h e d i s p l a y may a p p e a r d a r k e r t h a n normal when t h e u n i t i s t u r n e d on. As t h e d i s p l a y warms up t o room t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e normal c o n t r a s t w i l l r e t u r n . You s h o u l d n o t b e c o n c e r n e d a b o u t e x p o s i n g t h e LCD t o c o l d , a s damage would o c c u r o n l y i f e x p o s e d t o a t e m p e r a t u r e below - I O o P f o r a p r o l o n g e d p e r i o d o f t i m e .

4-2

D i s p l a y Format and O p e r a t i o n

As mentioned i n p a r a g r a p h 4-1. t h e LCD c o n s i s t s o f two ( 2 ) rows o f s i x t e e n ( 1 6 ) characters each. The f i r s t s p a c e of t h e t o p row ( l e f t 1 i s s p e c i a l a n d t h e t h r e e ( 3 ) c h a r a c t e r s t h a t a p p a r i n t h i s s p a c e behave somewhat d i f f e r e n t l y from o t h e r characters i n o t h e r spaces. Pigure 2 d e p i c t s t h e s e t h r e e c h a r a c t e r s as, they a p p e a r i n t r u e d o t m a t r i x form. The f i r s t two c x a ~ ~ t p l ca r c c o l l o c t i v o l y c a l l e d s t h o L i n e S t a t u s c h a r a c t e r w i t h t h e f i r s t c x d n ~ p l c showing t h c on-hook s t a t e and t h e second example showing t h e off-hook s t a t e . As YOU c a n s e e , t h i s c h a r a c t e r r e s e m b l e s a telephone w i t h t h e h a n d s e t moving up and down t o i n d i c a t e l i n e s t a t u s . A s mentioned i n S c c t i o n 3 , t h i s c h a r a c t e r i s c o n t r o l l e d by a comparison o f t h e v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e l i n e w i t h a n i n t e r n a l v o l t a g e r e f e r e n c e t h a t i s set b y t h e CPE/CO s e l e c t i o n o p t i o n . Pigure 2

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The t h i r d c h a r a c t e r i s c a l l e d Z e r o V o l t and i s p r e s e n t i n t h e f i r s t s p a c e when z c r o v o l t s oE p o t e n t i a l e x i s t s a c r o s s t h e test l e a d s . T h i s w i l l o c c u r when t h e t e s t l e a d s a r e n o t c o n n e c t e d t o a n y t h i n g . o r on i d l e ground s t a r t t r u n k s . This c h a r a c t e r may a l s o b e d i s p l a y e d a t o t h e r p l a c e s i n a c a l l r e c o r d , a s w i l l be discussed i n a l a t e r p a r a g r a p h . Tho u n i q u e t h i n g a b o u t t h e f i r s t s p a c e o f t h e t o p row, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e previously discussod f a c t t h a t only three characters a r e ever displayed there, i s t h a t t h o s e t h r c e c h a r a c t e r s w i l l e r a s e and r e p l a c c e a c h o t h e r i n t h e same space. T h i s b e h a v i o r w i l l n o t o c c u r a t any o t h e r s p a c e o n t h e d i s p l a y , s i n c e t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e s p a c e s i s to c a p t u r e and r e t a i n d a t a a b o u t each e v e n t t h a t o c c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e progression of a c a l l .

Sllc o p c r ~ t i o o uL Lllis d i s p l a y i o cur). U'UCII like J C).(~L.YIILC.I. U L L I ~ citcl~ c v c n t c h a r a c t e r E i l l i n l : t h e n c x t s p a c c t o t l i c rip.lrt. Tlic d i s p l a y c u r s o r ( a s m a l l l i n e i ~ n d c r t h c c l i a r a c t c r ) i s l c I t us~clcr t h e l a s t c h a r a c t e r t h a t was d i s p l a y e d , u n t i l t h c n c x t c v c n t c r e a t e s Lhc n c x t c h a r a c t c r . This continues u n t i l a l l t h i r t y - o n c ( 3 1 ) s p a c c s a r c C u l l , a t v h l c h p o i n t t h c d i s p l a y s o E t w a r c w i l l c c a s c t h c accummttlatlon o f d a t a a n d w i l l n o t "wrap around" o r " w r l t c o v e r " previously d i s p l a y c c l d a t a . T h c r c l o o n c l a s t i t e m t h a t ~ l i o u l d bc m c n t i o n c d c o n c c r n i l r g tlrc o p c r a t i o n o f t h c d l s p l a y . As you b e g i n t o f a m l l i a r l z c y o u r s c l C v l t h tlrc IIICIT DISI'IAY, you v l l l n o t i c e t h n t c a c h e v e n t c h a r a c t e r i s n o t v r i t t c n t o t h e d i s p l a y u n t i l it has Einishcd. Thls i s due t o t h c c o l l c c t l o n of timlng d a t a t h a t w i l l b e e x p l a i n e d i n tlic n c x t p a r n e r a p l t .
b-3

Event Paramctcrs

U s i n g t h c example o n c e a g a i n oE t h c c v c n t c h a r a c t e r s b e i n g v r i t t c n to tlrc d i s p l a y a s if t h e y v e r c b e i n g t y p c d on a t y p c u r i t c r , i m a g i n c t h a t t l ~ cd i s p l a y s o f t w a r e c o u l d k e c p t r a c k oE t h c amount o f t i m c t l i a t c a c h key was h c l d down and t h e amount of t l m c t h a t c l a p s c c l From l h c p o i n t v l i c r c t h e L a s t key was r c l c a s c d u n t l l t h e n c x t key v a s p r c s s c d . T h i s i s c x a c t l y what t h c d i s p l a y s o f t w a r e c a p t u r c s Eor t h c F i r s t E i f t c c n ( 1 5 ) c v c n t c h a r a c t e r s t h n t E l l 1 t h c t o p row of t h e 1.CD. T h e b o t t o m row is uncd t o d i s p l a y t h e s c p a r a m e t e r s i n t h r e e d t E E c r e n t f o r m a t s , d c p c n d i n g on t h c t y p e o f c h a r a c t e r t h a t t h c c u r s o r is s l t c i n g undcr. Dy u s i n g t h e SCAN key ( s c c p a r a g r a p h 1 - 6 ) , you c a n v i c v t h c p a r a m e t e r s f o r cacli t o p row c h a r a c t c r on a space-by-space b a s i s .

F i g u r c 3 shows a e o n p l c t e d c a l l r c e o r d t h a t c o n s i s t s oC f o u r t c c n ( 1 4 ) c v c n t c h a r a c t e r s which f o l l o v t h c oCE-hook s t a t u s indication and f i l l s p a c c s 2 t h r o u g h 15 O E t h c t o p r o v o f tlrc LCD. IC you w i l l n o t i c c , tlic c u r s o r Is u n d c r tlic c h a r n c t e r 6. This mcatrs t l i a t t h c 111torm;ltion associated w i t h In t h l s c h n r a c t c r is currently d i s p l a y c d o n t h c bottomm row o f t l i c LCD. tlrc c a s c oE t h e 6 , t h e f o r m a t of t l i c b o t t o m r o v i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h i s c h a r a c t e r u.as t r a n a n i t t c d i n r o t a r y d i a l p u l s c . Ilad tlii's G b e c n t r a n s m i t t c d i n DTHF. t h c Format oE t h c bottom row would I7c much d i f E c r c n t i n ap(jcarsnec, a6 t h e n c x t cxamplc ( F i g u r c 4) w i l l d c m o n s t r a t c .
is: 2 o r brcak, Thc information t h n t i s e a p r u r c d For r o t a r y d i a l ~ > ~ l l s c wlilcli is t h c 7. of t l i c time t h e l i n c v a s b r o k e n clurlny. o n e c o n p l c t e brcak/makc c y c l e , t h c p u l s e s - p c r - s e c o n d , vltlcli is tlrc number o l c o m p l c t c p u l s e c y c l e s t h ~ tc a n b c t r a n s m i t t e d i n o n e s c c o n d , and tlrc i n t c r d i p , i t t i m c , v h i c h i s t h e t i m c t h a t c l a p ~ c dfrom 1.11~ c n d o f t h e b r c a k p c r i o d o I t h c s i x t h p u l s e of t h c 6 , t o t h c b e g i n n i n g oE t h c b r c a k p e r i o d oE tlrc n e x t r o t a r y d i a l p u l s c c h a r a c t c r , o r t h e b c e i n n i n g oE an c ~ r l i r c l yn c v c v c n t c h a r a c t c r . The r a n g e OF t h e i n t e r d i e i t tirncr 1s . 0 0 1 t o 9 . 9 bccnt~cls. I n t b c a b o v e c x a m p l c , t h i s t l m c is d i s p l a y e d a s , 7 0 0 , wliiclr e q u a l - . 700/1000l.lir, o f a s c c o n d , o r 700 m i l l l s c c o n d s . Notc: I n t h e c n n c o f a r o t a r y d i n 1 p t t l s c 1, t h e b r e a k tlmc i t d i s p l a y e d i n m i l l i s e c o n d s n i n c r b r c a k and PPS r n n n o t hr. c n l c u l a t e d f o r a s i n q l r hroak.

F i g u r e 4 shows t h e same c a l l r c c o r d a s F i g u r e 3 b u t t h e c u r s o r is now undcr Once a e n l n , t h e format o f t h e bottom row indicates vlrat method tlrc 7. was uscd t o t r a n s m i t t h e character, whlch i n t h e c a s e o f t h e 7 , was DTEIP. T l ~ c LnCarmatlon t h a t is c a p t u r e d f o r IITCIF i s : o n l o f f t i m e , wlricli i s t h e amount of t h e tlme t h a t t h e t o n c was p r e s e n t on t h e l i n e , foliowed by t h o e l a p s e d tlmc From t h e end o f t h l s t o n e t o t h c b e g i n n i n g o f t h e n e x t DTMF tonc o r t h e bcginning of an e n t i r e l y ncw e v e n t , and t h e dB l c v e l o f t h e tonc. The range OF t h e on/ofE t l m c r i s , 0 0 1 t o 9 . 9 seconds. In t h e abovc example, b o t h t h e on and t h e o f f timcs a r c d i s p l a y e d a s .060, v h i c h e q u a l s 60/1000ths of a second, o r 60 m i l l i s e c o n d s . The r a n g e of t h e dB f u n c t i o n i s - 3 0 t o Odll ( r e l a t i v e ) and i s d i s p l a y e d i n l d 8 s t e p s .

FLp.i~re 5 , oncc a g a l n . shows t l ~ c same c n l l r c c o r d a s F i g u r e s 3 R I I ~4 but t h c c u r s o r is now undcr one of thcLM1s custom c h a r a c t c r s , known a s t h c Zero Volt I n t c r v a l . S i n c c t h i s c h a r a c t e r i s n o t a t o n c , no dn l c v c l i s d i s p l a y e d . T h c r c f o r c , t h e o n l y i n f o r m a t i c n t h a t c a n be c a p t u r e d is: o n l o f f tlmc, whlch i s ehc amount of time t h a t t h e Zero Volt I n t c r v a l was p r c s c n t , followed by t h c e l a p s e d timc bctwccn t h e end of t h e e v c n t end t h c beginning I n t h c abovc o r tlrr n e x t . The range of t l r i s t i m e r is .001 t o 9 . 9 scconds. examplc, t l ~ c cvcnt i s clinplayed a n l n s t i n g -100, which e q u a l s 100/1000ths oC n n r c o ~ ~ r lo r LOO m i l l l s c c o n d s , while t h e oEE tlme is d i s p l a y c d a s 4 . 9 , and i s rend O R 4 . 9 seconds. Althougli many d i f t c r e n t terms have bccn uscd i n t h i s s e c t i o n , a l l o f which mcan d i f f e r c r ~ t t h l t i g s depcndinp, on t h e c o n t e x t i n vhiclr t h c y a r c uscd, i t i n Interesting t o n o t e t h a t , from an c l c c t r i c n l n t a n d p o i n t , t h c tcrlns n~rrl canLt,m r l ~ n r n c L ~ ~ r . "~~rnkr? y c l r " , c " I ~ t l c r d l t l tf~oc"." lYl'!rP oCr-tlma!" ~ " o f f - t l m e " n r c n l l Lclcnticnl 111 f u ~ r c t i o n n~rd s i m p l y mean LltaL L l ~ c r c i n a s t a b l e D v o l t a g e dropped a c r o s s t h e t e s t l e a d s oE t h c W t h a t is below C C tlrc off-hook t h r e s h o l d and h a s no appreciable A component. 4- I Custom Chnractcr!:

As p r c v i o u s l y mcntioncd. any c h a r a c t e r t h a t h a s a n u m e r i c a l v a l o e O F 1-0 in n d i a l e d d i e i t t h a t was t r a n s m i t t e d i n e i t h e r r o t a r y d i a l p u l s e o r DTMF. The difference can be determined by t h e format o f t h e bottom row paramctcr dlsplay. In a d d i t i o n , t h e DTHF c h a r a c t e r s *. #, A,B,C and D a r e d i s p l a y e d e x a c t l y ns thcy appear on t h c keypad. Tho o t h e r f i v c ( 5 ) c h a r a c t c r s t h a t may appear on t h e d i s p l a y a r e custom c h a r a c t e r s t h a t v e r e c r e a t e d e s p e c i a l l y Eor t h c L . M Eacl~ o f tlrese c l r a r a c t c r s i s c r c a t c d by a s p c c i t i c c v c n t t l i a t o c c u r s d u r i n g t y p i c a l t e l e p h o n e l i n e usagc. The d c f i n i t i o n o f cach c l i a r a c t c r and t h e a s s o c i a t e d e v c n t t h a t c r e a t e s i t is a s f o l l o w s :

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'
mmm

This is callcd the LINE-S'tATUS-ON-11OOK. This occurs whenevcr the Line voltagc rises abovc the OFF-11OOK tl~rcsl~oldfor at lcast 150 mllliseconds and will continue to be displayed untll replaced with one o f the next two characters. Thlr character will only be displayed in the first space of the top row. This is called the LINE-STATUS-OFF-HOOK. This occurs whenever thc linc voltage falls bclow the OFF-1100K threshold for at lcast 100 milliseconds and will continue to be displaycd until replaced by either the ON-IIOOK version of this characatcr (above) o r the Z E R O V O L T INTERVN. (next). This character will only be displaycd in the first space o f thc top row. This is called the Z E R O VOLT INTERVAL. This occurs whenever there is less than 3 volts of potential across the linc for at least 5 0 milliscconds. This character may be present in the first space o f thc top rov if the display has bccn cleared (See 4-71 and the test leads arc not connected to anythlng or arc connected to a n idle ground start trunk. This character may also be present at any other space on the display which wlll indicate that the telephone switch battery has been removed from the line. T h i s occurs regularly o n most svitches just before dial tonc is generated or as the call is switched after completion o f dlallng. This is not the santc n s tl~c break cyclc o r a rotary dial pulse which occurs when the line voltage rloes above the OFF-U00K threshold, although no current wlll flow during cither event. The bottom row parameter for this cvcnt is ~ I I O W I I in Figure 5, with the on-time indicating the length of tl~c cvcnt (usually 50-150 milliseconds). This is called the I D N C PULSE INTERVAL. The criteria for this event is the same as the LINE STATUS ON-IIOOK (abovc) but it is displayed in the call record at thc point wl~crc it occurred. l'l~is character is usually created by a hook-flasl~ or a Icgitin~ate ON-1100K which may last any IengLh o E time. In this sccond case, you will only see thls character if you do not clear (see paragraph 4 - 7 ) the display before a new OFF-1100K o c c t 1 r s . d ~ ~ t o the fact that characters arc not displaycd until an event cnds. Thc bottom rov parametcr for this cvcnt is sl~own 111 Figure 5 , with thc Frequently this on-time indicating the length o E the cvcnt. time wlll be shown with an up-arrow in front cL 9.9 seconds, since this is the limit for this timer. The criteria for This is called the IN BAND T O N E INDICATOR. this event is the presence of any non-DTMF tonc on the line for at least 5 0 0 milliseconds, that is bctwcen 300-3000 IIZ and has a level of at lcast -24dB which docs not fluctuate more than 3dB. This character is usually created by dial tone or ring back. I n tl's sccond case, the software will not allow consecutive characters uE this type to be displayed next to each other. Instead, a single character vill bc shovn but as soon as the First tone has ended, the on-off time oE the bottom row parametcr will begin to toggle back-and-forth with each new ring. This fcature keeps the display from being filled with ring-back signals. Tl~c format for the bottom row paromctcr is the same as for DTMF, u a rl~uwn 111 Figure 4 , w1Ll1 Ll~c on-oCC Ll~nc l~ldlcatcd (or Ll~c last cycle only.

DS..S

::I ::

..., .
:: I
9

mar

: ,: ;:

mmm

'

T h i s key 11as s c v c r a l u s e s t l r a r hnvc a l r e a d y b c e n d c s c r i b c d i n S c c t i o r ~ 2. Ilowever. t h c p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n o f t l t i s k e y i s t o c l e a r t h e d i s p l a y o f a l l d a t a t h a t was c a p t u r e d f o r t h e l a s t c a l l r e c o r d . S i m p l y p r e s s t h i s key o n c e and t h c d i s p l a y w i l l b e e r a s e d e x c e p t For t h e E i r s t s p a c e o f t h c t o p row which a l w a y s i n d i c a t e s t h e c u r r e n t l i n e s t a t u s .

4 - 6 SCAN KEY
U n t l l now, t h e DICIT DISPLAY h a s b c c n discussed i n t e r m s o f " r c a l time." Wlrllc i t i a t r u c c h a t t h i s f c a t u r c o p c r a t c s w i t h o n l y a s l i g h t d e l a y t h a t i s c a u s e d by t h e need t o w a i t f o r t l m i n g d a t a , many e v c ~ i t s s l m p l y occwr t o o f a s t t o a l l o w t h e b o t t o m row p a r a m e t e r s t o b e a d e q u a t e l y r c v l e w c d . By u s i n g t h e SCAN k e y , you c a n r e v i e w p r e v i o u s l y s t o r e d d a t a d u r i n g t h e progress of a c a l l o r a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n . As p r c v i o a s l y d e s c r i b e d , t h e c u r 8 o r r e s t s u n d e r t h e l a s t c h a r a c t e r t h a t i s d i s p l a y e d , w i t h t h e b o t t o m row OF t h e LCD i n d i c a t i n g tllc p a r a m e t e r s for t h i s character. The SCAN k c y moves t h e c u r s o r o n e s p a c c e a c h t i m e i t is d c p r c s s c d . n o v i n e l e f t t o r i g h t . Upon r e a c h i n e t h e l a s t s p a c e o f t h e t o p row, i t w i l l move t o t h e f i r s t s p a c e o f t h e b o t t o m row and t h c n . r e t u r n t o Lhc s e c o n d s p a c e o f t h e t o p row, a t w h i c h t i m e t h e p a r a m e t e r s f o r t h a t c h a r a c t e r w i l l r c - a p p e a r on t h e b o t t o m row. If the display i s n o t c o m p l e t e l y F u l l , t h e c u r s o r w i l l s k i p a l l empty s p a c e s f o r a f a s t e r IF you u s e t h e SCAN key w h i l e a c a l l i s s t i l l i n p r o g r e s s , you return. w i l l n o t i c e t h a t new c h a r a c t e r s a r e w r i t t e n t o t h e d i s p l a y i n p r o p e r s e q u e n c e , b u t t h e c u r s o r w i l l r e m a i n where you p l a c e d i t , w i t h t h e p a r a m e t e r s f o r t h a t c h a r a c t e r d i s p l a y e d o n t h e b o t t o m row o f t h e LCD. T l ~ cp a r a m e t e r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e s e new c h a r a c t e r s t h a t a r e d i s p l a y e d d u r i n g t h e SCAN p r o c e s s h a v c n o t bcen l o s t b u t h a v e b c e n p l a c e d i n memory. To v i c w t l i c s e p a r a m c t o r r , s i m p l y movc t h e c u r s o r u n d c r e a c h c h a r n c t c r a n d t h e y w i l l a p p e a r on t h e bottom row.
As

you may h a v e n o t i c e d , tlrc c o m p l e t e c u r s o r c y c l e a r o u n d t h e LCD seemed t o s t o p o n t h c E i r s t s p a c c oE t h e b o t t o m row w i t h o u t r e a s o n . I f you w i l l r e c a l l , t h i s c o m p l e t e c y c l c i s o n l y r c q u i r c d i f tlrc d i s p l a y is " c n m l ~ l e t r l y full." Llp u r r t i l now, we h a v e d i s c u s h c d Llris t o p row a s d i s p l a y i n e c v c ~ r t c l i a r a c l c r s and t h e b o t t o m row a s d i s p l a y i n g e v e n t p a r a m c t c r s o n l y . While t h i s i s t r u e For t h e f i r s t f i f t e e n ( 1 5 ) c h a r a c t e r s ( F u l l t o p r o w ) , t h e bottom row s e r v e s a s e c o n d p u r p o s e s h o u l d a s i x t e e n t h ( 1 6 t h ) c h a r a c t e r be c r e a t e d . I f t h i s o c c u r s , t h e b o t t o m row w i l l b e g i n t o d i s p l a y e v e n t c h a r a c t e r s u n t i l F u l l (16 c h a r a c t c r s ) . However, n o e v e n t p a r a m e t e r s a r c c a p t u r e d f o r t l i e s c b o t t o m row c h a r a c t e r s . T h i s i s why t h c c u r s o r o n l y s t o p s a t t h e f i r s t s p a c e OF t h e b o t t o m row. S i n c e t h c s c c h a r a c t c r s havc n o p a r a m e t e r s associated w i t h them, t h c r c i s n o n e e d f o r t h e c u r s o r t o move u n d e r e a c h o n e . I n s t e a d , i t s i m p l y s t o p s a t t h e f i r s t s p a c e and d i s p l a y s t h e e n t i r e row OF c h a r a c t e r s b e f o r e r e t u r n i n g t o t h e s e c o n d s p a c e o f t h e t o p row.
4-7
dB

netcr

As p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d , t h e D i g i t D i s p l a y mode i n d i c a t e s t h o dl3 l e v e l oE D'l'MF and o t h e r in-band t o n e s , which a r e displayed i n 1 dR s t o p s . Since t h l s d i s p l a y mode i s i n r e a l t i m e , t o n e s c a n o n l y b e sampled f o r l e v c l a t o n e p o i n t i n t i m e , d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e i r e v e n t u a l l e n g t h i s unknown. T h e r e f o r e , a c c u r a c y s u f f e r s somewhat when e x t r e m e l y fast r e a d i n g s a r e required. F o r more a c c u r a t e r e a d i n q s o f t o n e s t h a t h a v e l o n g e r d u r a t i o n s , o r a r e c o n s t a n t , u s e t h e dB m e t e r f u n c t i o n o f t h e L i n e m a s t e r .

Figure 6

The D i g i t D i s p l a y and dB meter f u n c t i o n s a r e i n t e r a c t i v e , which mcans you may move from one f u n c t i o n t o a n o t h e r w i t h o u t l o s i n g any d a t a . Thc D i g i t Display w i l l c o n t i n u e t o c o l l e c t and s t o r e e v e n t s w h i l e you a r c i n t h e dB meter mode. which can be reviewed v i a t h e SCAM key upon r e t u r n i n g t o D i g i t D i s p l a y To a c c e s s t h e dB meter f u n c t i o n , d e p r e s s and hold t h e SCAN key f o r 2 seconds. Figure 6 i n d i c a t e s t h e format of t h i s d i s p l a y which w i l l r e a d t o n e s from -40 t o + 6 dBm i n .5dB s t e p s . A s mentioned i n paragraph 2-4, t h e term "durn' r e f e r s t o a r e a d i n g t a k e n a c r o s s a p r e c i s e 600 O m l o a d , such a s t h a t b u i l t i n t o t h e h Linemaster. I f a reading i s t a k e n a c r o s s a n unknown l o a d , t h e n t h i s must .be c o n s i d e r e d a s 'dBr. I r e l a t i v e ) , even though t h e Linemaster i s d i s p l a y i n g t h e durn I n d i c a t i o n . To e x i t t h i s mode and r e t u r n normally. t o D i g i t Display, simply d e p r e s s t h e SCAN key

T h i s mode o p t i o n was i n c l u d e d a t t h e r e q u e s t of c e r t a i n customers who need t o monitor l o n g s t r e a m s of d a t a t h a t a r e t r a n s r n i t t c p i n DTMF, such a s memory 'dumps' from d i a l e r s o r c a l l r e c o r d s from payphones. e t c . Upon s e l e c t i o n of t h i s mode o p t i o n ( s e e paragraph 2-3) you w i l l n o t c t h o t t h e D i g i t D i s p l a y a p p e a r s t h e same a s t h e Timing 6 dB mode when c l c a r e d . flowever, a s e v e n t c h a r a c t e r s begin t o f i l l t h e t o p row of t h e d i s p l a y , no e v e n t parameters a r e displayed on t h e bottom row. When t h e t o p row i s f u l l . t h e bottom row i s used f o r e v e n t The b i g d i f f e r e n c e c h a r a c t e r s , which i s a l s o t y p i c a l of t h e Timing 6 dB mode. between t h e two modes o c c u r s when t h e bottom row i s f u l l . A t this point, the d i s p l a y p e r f o r m s a ' l i n e f e e d " , which moves a l l c h a r a c t e r s f r o n t h e bottom row t o t h e t o p row ( t h i s a c t a l s o e r a s e s t h e custom hook-status c h a r a c t e r from t h o Eirst s p a c e o f t h e t o p row). New c h a r a c t e r s a r e w r i t t e n t o t h e bottom row o n l y , w i t h e a c h f u l l l i n e c r e a t i n g a n o t h e r l i n e feed. The d i s p l a y may be c l e a r e d a t anytime by u s i n g t h e C L W key, b u t t h o SCAN key s e r v e s n o purpose i n t h i s node, n o r can t h e dB meter be a c c e s s e d . SECTION 6

1004 HZ TONE GENERATOR

T h i s f u n c t i o n is a c t i v a t e d by d e p r e s s i n g t h e lower of t h e two push-button s w i t c h c s l o c a t e d on the r i g h t s i d e of t h e u n i t a s shown i n F i g u r e 1. When t h e b u t t o n i s d e p r e s s e d , i t w i l l lock i n t h e ON p o s i t i o n and t h e t o n e w i l l be heard through t h e Loudspeaker. The volume a t which t h e t o n e i s heard depends on t h e s e t t i n g s e l e c t e d by t h e ON-OFP/VOLUUE c o n t r o l . which c o n t r o l s t h e "playback" volume only. The l e v e l a t which t h e t o n e i s b r o a d c a s t on t h e l i n e Is n o t c o n t r o l l e d and i s p r e - s e t a t t h e f a c t o r y t o OdBm (+ o r - . I 5 dBm). When u s i n g your u n i t t o b r o a d c a s t t h i s t o n e , t h e 600 O m load s h o u l d be i n h t h e OFF p o s i t i o n t o a l l o w t h e r e c e i v i n g u n i t t o t e r m i n a t e t h e l i n e w i t h a s l m l l n r 600 Ohm load. The r e a d l n s tuken by t h e r e c e l v i n e u n i t can be exprcsned a s "dl) of 108s" ( i . c . , a r e a d i n g of -3.5dBm e q u a t e s t o 3.5dB of l o s s on t h e circuit). Should t h e rending u n i t be i n t h e dB meter mode, any r e a d i n g tnkcn w i l l be i r r e l e v a n t due t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e t o t a l load r c a i s t a n c e i s unknown ( i . e . , t h e 600 Ohm load of t h e r e c e i v i n g u n i t + "x" f c c t of c a b l e ?). T h i s tone s o u r c e may be uaed on "dry p a i r s " o r DC loops w i t h t h e aamc r e s u l t s . Ilowcver, on DC l o o p s , t h e b a t t e r y aourco ahould not p r e s e n t a load t o t h c l i n e o r t h e load must be a known v a l u e . In t h c l a t t e r c a s e , a thorougli knowledge of Ohms Law and t h e dB s c a l e w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o c a l c u l a t e a meaningful reading. To d e - a c t i v a t e t h e f e a t u r e , d e p r e s s the push-button w i l l c a u s e i c t o r e l e a s e t o t h e OPP p o s i t l o n . switch slightly, which

7-1

Electrical C h ~ ~ _ a c L e ~ ~ ~ 1. D r c s l a t a n c c - Ilonitor (600 Olrm l o a d - o u t ) C 2. A i m p e d e ~ ~ c e Elonitor (600 O m l o a d - o u t ) C h 600 Ohm l o a d - i n 3. DC r c s l s t a n c e 600 Olim l o a d - i n 4. A impedance C 5 . Ringer Equivalency

G r e a t e r than 1.7M Ohms C r c a t c r than l.7M Ohms 600 Ohma + o r -1% 600 Ohms + o r -17. O.OB

7-2

DLglt D i s l p l a y F u n c t i o n 1. Min. DTElF r e c e i v e time 2 . Plin. DTEIF r e c e l v e l e v e l 3. Elax. D M r e c e i v e l e v e l T F 4 . Max. Twist 5. Elax. Frequency D e v i a t i o n 6. DTllF d i s p l a y On/OEE time range 7 . Min. D i a l P u l s e r e c e i v e r a t e 8 . Max. D i a l P u l s e r e c e i v e r a t e 9. Min. D i a l P u l s e r e c e i v e break 2 10. Max. D i a l P u l s e r e c e i v e break 7. 11. Hin. D i a l P u l s e r e c e i v e i n t e r d i g i t time 12. Min. In-Band tone presence 13. Ilin. In-Bend tone l e v e l 14. Max. In-Band tone f l u c t u a t i o n 15. Min. 1.ong P u l s e (hookElash) presence 16. Min. Zero Volt (wlnk) presence 17. Off-hook/Dial Pulse t h r e s h o l d dB Meter 1. C a l i b r a t i o n 2. S c a l e 3. Display increment 4. Accuracy 1004 hz Tone G e n e r a t o r

40ms -30dBm O B d m + o r -1OdB + o r -1.57. + o r -2 HZ 30ms t o 9 . 9 s e c . 5 PPS ' 20 PPS 502 7 57. looms 300ms -30dBm 2dB o r l e s s 150ms 50ms Software s e l e c t a b l e f o r 2 2 V C (CPE) o r 44 V C (CO) D D

7-3

dBm i f a c r o s s 600 Ohm load -40 t o +6 dB . 5 dB s t e p s 1%of f u l l s c a l e

7-4

1.
2.

Frequency I.evcl

Precise 1004 HZ O B a c r o s s 600 Ohm load dM + o r -.l5dBm

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Weight Case M a t e r i a l T e s t Leads B a t t e r y Type C a r r y i n g Case

1602. High impact ABS 4' v i t h m i n i - a l l i g a t o r c l i p s 1.5 V C AA type ( 4 ) D Double w a l l foam l i n e d polyethylen& S p e c i f i c a t i o n s subject t o revision without n o t i c e A l l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a t 20 C (68OF)

Notwithstnndlng any exclu8lve.

provision of

any ngrcrmrnt

111c l o l l o w l n ~ vnrrnnty

Is

Ziad, Inc. warrants each instrument it manufncteren to be ltee Iron dclrcta in material and workmansl~lp under normal use and aervice for the period o f 9 0 days from date of pnlrchase. 7111s warranty rnlrnds only to the original purchaser. Thlr wnrrnnty aI1a11 mot apply in l u m ~ n , dlapoaable bartcrlcn or any product or pnrta which have been subjcct lo mlsuse, nsglect. accident or abnormal condltlons o f operations. In the event o f laill#re of n product covcrrd by this warranty. Zind. lnc. will ~ e p a i r and calibrale an Inrtr~~mer~le t l ~ ~ n e d r to al a u t l ~ o ~ l lzcd Service Faclllty vltl~in 9 0 days of the original purchase provided the warrantor's examination discloses to Its aatisfactlon that the product was defective. The warrantor may. at its option, replace the product in lieu of rcpalr. With regard to any Instrument returned within 9 0 days o f the orlginal purchase. said repnirs or replacement will be mad* wlthor~t charge. 11 the fatlure har becn cat~sed by slcure. neglect. accident, or abornsl condltlons of operationa, repalrs wIll be billed at a nominal cost. In such case, an estimate will ba ~ubmitted before work is wtarted. If requested. TIE FORECOINC WARRANTY I S IN LIEU OF ALL OTllER WARRANTIES. EXPRESS OR IHPI.IED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT I.I)IITED TO, ANY ItIPLIED WARRANTY OF >IERCHANTABlLl1'Y, FITNESS OR ADEQUACY FOR ANY PARTlCII1,AR PllRPOSE OR IISb. ZIAn, INC. SI1AI.L NOT BE I.1ABLE FOR ANY SI'ECIAI. INCIDBNTAL, O R CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WIIETIIER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTIIERWISE. If any I ~ i l u r coccurs. the follovlng atepa should be taken,

I.

Notify

Ziad,

of rl~e difficulty.

Inc., and

or nearest Service facility, giving lull dctaila include the nodel number, type number, and aerial

number.

2.

On recelpt at tile Rctitrn Wercl~andlse Authorization, forward the instrumee: , transportation prepaid. Repairs will be made at the Service Faeility and the Inatrurnent returned. transportation prepaid. SAIPPINC TO MANUFACTURER FOR REPAIR OR
ADJUSMENI

All shipments of Zlad, Inc. Instruments should be made via United Pmrcrl Service or "Best Way" prepald. The instrument shoald be rhlpped in the orlginal packing earcon, or If not available. use any aultable container If a wubstiture contriner 18 used. that 1s rlgld and of adequate 8iza. the Instrument should be wrapped' In paper and surrounded with at least four inchew of excelsior or aimilar sbock-absorbing material.

The instrument should be tl~oroughly inspected Immediately upon origlnrl dclivery t o purchaser. All material in the container should be checked against the enclosed packing list. The manufacturer uill not be responsible for shortages against the packing sheet unless notlflrd Inunedlrtcly. If the lnstr~~mrnt is damaged In any way, a claim should be filed with ll~e carrler Immrdlrlely. Flnal claim and negotiations with the carrler mu8t be eomplcted hy the customer.