Елисеев - Введение в методы теории функций пространственного комплексного переменного Second edition

..
, ,
E-mail: eliseev@maths.ru eliseev@cityline.ru
http://www.maths.ru/
, 1990 - 2003 .
1.
1.

.

2.

= vn = n v
B. = 1 / v
A.
C.
(v)
D. e
E. ln()
F.
G.
H.
,

3.

4.
.

5.
6. .
7.

(. ).
8.

2. ,

1. Z-
2.
5
11
11
11
13
14
18
19
26
31
35
38
38
43
44
47
49
49
51
53
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56
61
62
62
67
77
78
80
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100
105
113
115
129
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131
135
147
161
161
170
170
172
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
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2.
3. .
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4.
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1.

2.

3.
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6.

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1. . .
2.
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3. .
4. .
.
5. . .
179
179
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301
3
7.
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3. .
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9.
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10.
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8.2. ,
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8.3.

9.
1.
2.
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3.
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311
311
313
315
316
318
319
322
330
341
345
345
349
361
362
366
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375
381
397
415
418
422
432
432
436
440
10.
457
500

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2*10^-5 . . 1, 6*10^-33.
0, 2*10^-13 1, 6*10^-24 .
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- ( ), . . .

mi c 2 = Gmg2 / kompt
,
i
mi - , - , G- ,
mg - , kompt
- i
.
10
1.
(): , , . , ()
, , ,
.

.
, ,
.
,
, , -, ,

.
, , .
, - , .
, , - .
1.1.
1.1.1. .

Z = n
i (arg + 2 )
n
,
e
, 0 , a , arg
, K .
2
z 1 = 0 . , ,
+1.
+1 arg arg = 0 arg = 2i :
Z 0 x ,
.
1
z = 2 1 e
i ( 0 + 2 )
1
2,z
=0
= 1 , z =1 = 1
11
1.
z = 2 1e
i ( 2 + 2 )
1
2,z
=0
= 1 , z =1 = 1
. (Z) +1. .
2
: z ( 1)( 1) = 0 . , (-1)(-1).
z =
( 1) e
( i + 2 i )
1
2
(i + 2 i )
( 1) e
z1 = 1; z 2 = 1.
1
2
=e
( i + 2 i )
1
1
(i + 2 i )
2e
2 ,
= 0,1
, (z)
arg( 1) = i . (z) x 0 . , 1 = 0,1
2 = 0,1
z = e
(i + 2 1i )
1
1
(i + 2 2i )
2e
2
z1 = ( z ) 1 =0, 2 =1 =
i i
+i
e2e2
= +1 ,
i
i
+i
e2 e2
= +1 ,
z2 = ( z ) 1 =1, 2 =0 =
1 = 2 = 1 1
z1 = ( z ) 1 = 2 =0
i
2
=e2
z2 = ( z ) 1 = 2 =1 = e
1 = 2 = 0 ,
= 1,
i
+i ) 2
2
= 1 .
, , +1 Z 1
.

.
1
1
( i + 4 k i ) + ( j + 2 k j )
2
2,
e
= 0,1 , J
I ,
z =
z1 = ( zk ) k =0 =
i j
e2e2
z2 = ( zk ) k =1 = e
= ji
i
j
+ 2i )
+j
2
e2
= ji
12
1.
= Rei + j k = ( 4i + 2j )k , k .
+1,
1 = 1 , :
1 = ji , -
( ji ) = ( j ) (i ) = i j = ( 1)( 1) = +1 ,
ji = ij .
2
2 2
(1.1.)
1.1.2. .
. , .
. . ,
.
2 + 2a + b = 0 , a, b -
2 + 2a + b + a 2 a 2 [( + a ) 2 (a 2 b)]
[( + a ) a 2 b ] [( + a ) + a 2 b ]
+a
+a
+ 1 = 0 .
( a 2 b)
1
2
2
a b a b
a 2 b 0 . XY
:
1) X = 0,Y 0
(1.2.)
2) X 0, Y = 0
3) X 0, Y 0 .
.

1,2 = a a 2 b .
.
. , , .
+a
2
a b
= ji
2
: i = 1, j = 1, ji = ij, ( ji ) = +1 .
,

13
1.
( ji 1)( ji + 1) = ( ji ) 2 ji + ji 1 = 0 .
,
3,4 = a ji a 2 b .
2
, ( ji ) = 1 .
ji

. .
.
:
2 + 4 + 3 = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 3 ,
2 + 4 + 3 = ( + 1)( + 3) = 0

.

3,4 = 2 ji 1 , 3 = 2 + ji, 4 = 2 ji ,
2 + 4 + 3 = ( + 2 ji )( + 2 + ji ) = 0

1 -3
( )
2 + 4 + 3 = ( 1 + 2 ji )( 1 + 2 + ji ) = (1 ji )(1 + ji ) = 0 ,
1 ji 0,1 + ji 0
. .
2
: 1 = 0 :
= 1, = 1 , 3 = ji, 4 = ji .
2 1 = ( + 1)( 1) = ( + ji )( ji ) = 0 .

.
2 1 = (1 + ji )(1 ji ) = 0 .
1.1.3. .
,
14
1.
,
. ,
. , .
,
.
, , .
, , .
n
Q ( ) = cn n + cn 1 n + ... + c1 + c0 ,
cn , cn 1 ,.....c0
. ,
n
Q ( ) = ( a1 )( a 2 ) ... ( a n )
, .

,
, . n
2 , n 2
C n2 =
n(n 1)
2
, , .

( ai )( ak ) = ( i )( i ) , i , i - , .
3
3
Q ( ) = 6 + 11 + 6 = 0 ,
1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3 ,
Q ( ) = ( 1)( 2)( 3) ,

Q ( ) = ( 2 3 + 2)( 3) = 0 ,
4 =
3
1
3
1
+ ji , 5 = ji
2
2
2
2
15
1.
3 1
3 1
Q ( ) = ( ji )( + ji )( 3) = 0
2 2
2 2
( ) ,
.

Q ( ) = ( 2 4 + 3)( 2) = ( 2 ji )( 2 + ji )( 2) = 0 ,

, . .

5 1
5 1
Q ( ) = ( 2 5 + 6)( 1) = ( ji )( + ji )( 1) = 0
2 2
2 2

,
. , n 2 n >2
.
. .

, .
. Q ( ) = ( 1)( + 1)( 2).
Q ( ) = ( ji )( + ji )( 2).
,
3 ji
3 + ji
Q ( ) =

( + ji )
2
2
Q ( ) = ( 1)( + 1)( 2) = ( ji )( + ji )( 2) =
3 ji
3 + ji
=

( + ji ) = ................
2
2

.
n
.
, .
.
16
1.

i
i
d d = Are Are (1 ji )(1 + ji ) = 0. .
,
1
1
Q ( ) = ( 1)( + 1)( 2) = ( 1)( + 1)( 2) + ( ji )( + ji )( 2).
2
2

. .
.

,
.
.

m ( )
, Qn ( )
m n m ! n ,
A
B + D
, 2
. r
( a ) ( + p + q ) k
p 2 4q

1
=
, 1 , 2 , 2
+ p + q 1 2
p, q
1
=
, 3 , 4 .
2
+ p + q 3 4
. a = 0 a.

= jia a = a ( ji 1) 0 .
1
= a .
a
: 2 + p + q = 0
(1.2.)
( 1 )( 2 ) = ( 3 )( 4 ) = 0 , 1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , ,
.
, 1
1
1
1
1
2
=
+
=
2
2
+ + g 2 + + g 2 + + g
1
1
1
1
=
+
2 ( 1 )( 2 ) 2 ( 3 )( 4 )
17
1.
1 2 .
3 4
. .
.
, ,
, . .
, , .
,

.
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
=
2
+ p + q 2 (1 2 ) 1 2 2 ( 3 4 ) 3 4

= re i + j (1 ji )
= k + re i + j (1 ji ) -
, k , ,
, . r 0 r .
(1 ji )
.
1.1.4.

= z + j
(1.3.)
z - +i, +i, i, j -
, :
ii=jj=-1
ij=ji=k,
(ij) 2 =(ij) 2 =k 2 =1
, ,

(1.4.)
=z+j=(+i )+j(+i).
z=Re =Re (z+j )

=Im =Im (z+j )
, , , :
=Re Re ,
=Im Re ,
=Re Im
=Im Re
18
1.
= 0, z. z = 0,
, = j.
,
:
z1 + j 1 = z2 + j 2
, z1=z2, 1=2.
1=-2, 2
z + j = z j =
.
1. . 1+2 1=z1+j1 2=z2+j2
=1+2=(z1+z2)+j(1+2).

1-2. =1-2=(z1-z2) + j(1-2)
:
1+2=2+1;
1 +( 2 + 3 )=( 1 + 2 )+ 3
2. . 12 -
1 =z 1 +j 1 , 2 =z 2 +j 2
= 1 2 =(z 1 z 2 - 1 2 )+j(z 1 2 + 1 z 2 ).
1=j, 2=j, jj=-1.
, , ,
z .
, :
12=21;
1(23)=(12)3;
(1+2)3=13+23.
1.1.5.

(), . . , .
, . ,
,
. , ,
.
19
1.

- .
, .
, ,
.
. 1.
.
, . : , , ,
, .
, . ,
,
,
. 0
+ 0 = .
, , , ,
0 , .
()
. ,
. , .
. . . , 0 = 0ei , ,
, . , .
iy
. 2.
, . ,
. 0 = 0ei
,
.
.
, ,
,
20
1.
.
.
, .
C3 . , : R- , r . C3 4 , 2 . C3

. , , .
+1
4 I 2 J. (. 1.1.1.)
,
, : , ,
.
. 3. .
[1], [2], [3], [4].
,
, .
z , (1.3. 1.4.).

z = e i ,
= re i ,
, r - z, :
= z,
r=;
, - .
z, , :
21
1.
z = = x2 + y2 ;
= r = 2 +2 ,
= arg z, = arg , , 2:
y
+ 2 k ;
x
= arg = arctg + 2k .
= arg z = arctg
,
= z + j = ei + jrei .
i j ( ) ij=ji, :
= x + iy + j + ji = ( x + i ) + j ( y + i ) = 1e j1 + ir1e j 1 ,
:
1 = x + j ;
r1 = y + j ;
1 = arg( x + j );
1 = arg( y + j ).
,
.
, ,
= e i + jre i = R1e j .
R1 ,
R1 = z 2 + 2 ;
- ,
= arg = arctg
r i ( )
e
,
, .
.

= R1 = R = 4 4 + r 4 + 2 2 r 2 cos 2( ) ,
-
2 sin 2 + r 2 sin 2
1
= arg R1 = arctg 2
. , 2
cos 2 + r 2 cos 2

= Re ia + j .
(1.5.)
22
1.
R, - ; - .
.
. 4.
.
.
i+j
=Re
iy
x
. 5.
. Y.
23
1.
(. 4) (1.3.)
i
i
z=e j=jre ,
r (z).
i
j=jre
r +
0 arg 2
,
, >0, , (z). , j
, .

i
j
: e , (z), jre , .
. z, .
a)
)
. 6. : - ; .
, ,
= 2 + r 2 ei + ja ,
r
a = arctg
- .
. 5, a
. r, ,
;
= ei + jrei = ei ( + jr ).
24
1.
, jre , ,
, (z). :
i
i
z=e , =jre
. 7. : .
/2
. 8. : .
= R a,
/ 2 a / 2,
0 2 .
j (. 6,
. 7..). () R, , a.
25
1.
(1.5.)
:
x = R cos cos a;
y = iR sin cos a;
z = j Rei sin a.
.( , , ).
1.1.6. . .
a v (1.5.),
r
a = arctg ( ei ( ) ) = S + i ,
(, a - )
= Rei + j = Rei + jS + ji .
(1.6.)
(1.6.) v R, , S, - .
(1.6.).
= ( x + iy ) + j ( + i ),
R = = 4 x 4 + y 4 + 4 + 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 2 +
+ 2 y 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 x 2 2 2 y 2 2 + 8 xy
, , = = 0 , S==0,
R = = x2 + y 2 ,
= ei .
, R (1, i)
i, , ;
y==0, =x+j,
= 0, = 0, R = Rz = x 2 + 2 , = Re jS ,
, S R2 R
(1, j) 1;
y==0,
i
jarctg
2
2

= x + ji = x e
(6) =0, S=0,
R = R3 = ,
= R3e ji .
, - R3 R (1, ij)
1. (1.6.) , . ,
26
1.
ei + jrei ei + jrei
(1.7.)
4
4
4 + r + 2 2 r 2 cos 2( ) 2 + r 2 .
, , ,
Z, , ,
=.
C0
C1
C2
K
g
2
. 9. -
() - , (z).
> 0,
, (z), . 4, 6.
arg z = arg , , , 0.
(v) . ,
= z , arg z arg = .
2
(1.8.)
27
1.
. 6, . 8 . . 7
. (1.8.)
= ei jirei = ei (1 ji ) = jei ( j j ) = jei ( j i ) = "

i
je () , -
, , (z) /2. r= (. 8).

- (. . 9, 10, 11).
i
- e (i j ) ,
,
r=, - /2.
, . 9, 10, 11.
.
y1, 1, 2 (1.8.). -
, :

i
i
= e
= ji ( + )e ,
. 10.

i + i
i
= e
+ je .
28
1.
-
0 , .
arc tg i, (1.5.), (1.8.).
(1.9.)
= e i (i j ) = 0 ei e jarctg (i ).
(9) .
ij=ji
(1.10.)
(i + j )(i j ) = ii + ji ji = 1 + ji ij + 1 = 0.
.
, .
i + j 0, i j 0,
(i + j )(i j ) = 0.
C1
C2
C1
C2
. 11. -
(1.9.).
(1.9.)
:
29
1.
= ei (i + j ) = 0 ei e jarctg (i ) 0;
= ei (i j ) = 0 ei e + jarctg (i ) 0.
,

= 0;
arg = arctg (i ).
. , arctg i,
. ,
.
(1.10.)
i, j , .[5]
,
(1.11.)
jarctg (i )
+ jarctg (i )
0
(i + j )(i j ) =
0e
0e
= 0 0e = 0.
, .
,
.
, , .
.
, . - , z, (). z z=, arg z arg = /2
, /2.
.
1
. 12.
,

. 8 . ,
, -
30
1.
/2. ,
, . ( ).
, , , ,
. arctg i.
. (. 12, 2 ). 1
, .
1.1.7.
() , , - . .
,

(1.12.)
a 0 = b0 = 0,
a b . (1.12.) , ,
, , (1.12.)
. , , . .
.
, .
() , (1.12.) . ()
:
= ( x + iy + j + ji )(i + j ) = [( x y ) + i ( y )](i + j );
= ( x + iy + j + ji )(i j ) = [( x + ) i ( y )](i j ).
(1.13.)
(1.13.) . (1.13.) (1.12.).

=ij , . , ,
1
= e jarctg (i ).
a+0=a
+ = + i j
, () ,
(1.11.), .
31
1.
1
~ ,
0
1
= e # jarctg (i ).
i j
,
i + jS + ji
0 ~ 0e
, S, .
, .
:
= a + ib + jc + jid ;
' = a '+ib'+ jc'+ jid ' ;
(1.14.)
= x + iy + j + ji.
,
= ' (1.14)
(1.14.),
:
ax by a + d = a;
bx + ay d c = b' ;
cx dy + a b = c' ;
dx + cy + b + a = d '.
(1.15.)
(1.15.)
v':
Re Re( ) = Re Re ' = a ' ;

Re Im( ) = Re Im ' = b' ;
Im Re( ) = Im Re ' = c' ;
Im Im( ) = Im Im ' = d '.
, .
(1.15.) , . ,
a
b
c
d
a
d
c
c
d
a
b
d
c
4
= .
b
a
, (1.14.) , (1.15.)
. () (1.15.)
:
= 0, a=0, b=0, c=0, d=0;
32
1.
= 0 , .
, , , (1.13.).
,
, , , , .
() , [6] , (z)
. ()
. (1.13.).
, , () , (z) .
:
1 2 = 1 2 .
[5], , , . , -
.
1, i, j, k :
i 2 = j 2 = k 2 = 1;
ij = ji = k ;
jk = kj = i;
ki = ik = j.

.
, , (z) .
.

, .
, ,
.
d = Rei + j ei1 (1 ji ) = Rei + j 0e i1 jarctgi =

= R 0e i +i1 + j jarctgi
arctgz + arctgz1 = arctg
z z1
,
1 z1 z
33
1.
r i ( )
i
e
artgi = arctg
=
r i ( )
i
1 e
r i ( )
i
e
= arctg
= arctgi ,
r i ( )
i (i e
)
(1.16.)
,
.
d = Rei ( +1 ) (1 ji )

(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
j ) 0 = 1 , ,
j )1 = i j
j ) 2 = 2i (i j )
j ) 3 = 4(i j )
j ) 4 = 8i (i j )
(i j ) = (2i ) n 1 (i j )
(1.17.)
(i j ) = 2i (i j ) .
,
, .
(i j ) 2 = 2i (i j ) (i j )(i j 2i ) = 0 .
. i j 0, i j 2i .
, , , .
,
(i j )5 = 8i(i j ) 2 (i j ) 4 = 8i (i j ) .
(i j ) 2 = 2i (i j ) (i j ) = 2i (i j ) (i j ) =
(i j )
.
2i
.

, .

, ,
.
34
1.
0 = 0e

arctgi .

, 0 = 0e
d = Rei + j (i j ) ,
arctgi .
i + j
(1.18.)
,
.
1.1.8.
,
.
i, j
ij=ji
:
(1.19.)
1 = ( x + iy ) + j ( + i );
2 = ( x + j ) + i ( y + j ).
(1.20.)
(1.19.)
, (z),
(1.20.) (i, j).
(. 13.), .
e j arc tg i
j2e
j2ei2
j3
i
jre i
jr1e ji
1e
ji
e j arc tg j
2
1ei1
eii
i
1e 1
. 13.
.
e
e
iactg ( j )
jarctg (i )
, - -
35
1.
(1.6.) (1.19.),
(1.20.) :
1 = R1ei1 + jS1 + ji 1 ;
2 = R2 ei2 + jS2 + ji 2 ;
,
. (1.19.), (1.20.)
. ,
R1=R2, 1=2, S1=S2, 1=2.
. (1.19.), (1.20.):
1 = ( x + iy ) + j ( + i ) = ( x 2 y 2 + 2 2 ) + 2i ( xy + ) ;
R1 = 1 = 4 x 4 + y 4 + 4 + 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 2
2 x 2 2 2 y 2 2 + 2 y 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 8 xy;
2 = ( x + j ) + i ( y + j ) ;
R2 = 2 .
, :
1 = 2 ;
R1 = R2 .
1 -
2 xy + 2
.
1 = arg 1 = 12 arctg 2
2
2
2
x y +
S1 1, , 1
1 = 1 e
jarctg
+i
x +iy
+ i
+ i 1
x + iy
= ln
arctg
.
x + iy 2i 1 i + i
x + iy
1+ i
S1, 1. :
S1 =
1
2 x + 2 y
jarctg 2
;
2
x + y2 2 2
2
ln 1
1
1 = ji
.
2 (x + )2 + ( y )2
36
1.

(1.20.), .
, S2 2
1
2 x + 2 y
S2 = arctg 2
.
2
x 2 + y 2 2
, S1, S2=S1 .
,
.

.
. =ij=ji ,
= R = 1 S =/2, =/2, =0.
37
1.2.

: , , ,
,
(z). , [7].
,
,
( ) .
(Y) , (z),
- .
, (),
.
1.2.1.
(Y) ,
G (Y)
(Y).
=f(),
= x + iy + j + ji ,
= U + iV + jP + jiR.
,
:
U = U ( x, y , , ) = Re Re (v );
V = V ( x, y , , ) = Re Im ( v );
P = P ( x, y , , ) = Im Re ( v );
R = R ( x, y , , ) = Im Im (v ).

, [7].

(z). ,
v = e i + jrei = z + j ,

f ( v ) = W ( z, ) + jT ( z, ),
W ( z, ) = Re f (v );
T ( z, ) = Im(v ).
0 ,
f()
38
1.
lim W ( z, ) = W0 ;
z 0
0
lim T ( z, ) = T0 ;
z 0
0
, ,
lim f ( v ) = W0 + jT0 = f ( v 0 ).
v v0
(z)
v v 0 .
, v v 0 f()
f(0). 0,
0.

, -
.
f(), ,
,
(1.21.)
f (v + h ) f (v)
= f ' (v ).
lim
h
h0
, ().
f()
W T :
1. f()=W(z, )+jT(z, )
, , W
(z)

W W T T
,
,
,
,
z z
,
:
W T
=
;
z
T
W
=
.
z
(1.22.)
- .
(1.22.).
f (v + h) f (v)
.
h
h 0
f ' ( v ) = lim
h .
. +h z=x+iy.

39
1.
W ( z + S , ) W ( z , )
+
S
S 0
T
T ( z + S , ) T ( z, ) W
+ j lim
=
+j .
z
z
S
S 0
f ' ( v ) = lim
. , +h
j, t0 h=jt, t = + i .
W ( z, + t ) W ( z, + t )
it
t 0
W T
T ( z, + t ) T ( z, )
+ j lim
=j
+
.

jt
t 0
f ' ( v ) = lim
f ' (v ) =
W
T
W T
+ j
=j
+
.
z
z

. (1.22.).
x, y, ,.
,
).
. :
i
i
) v = e + jre ;
i
i
) v = e + jre .
).
f()
i
i
i
i
f ( v ) = W ( e , re ) + jT ( e , re ).
, +h

i
i
i
i
h = dv = de
+ ie d + jre id + jdre
= dei + jdrei + iei ( + jr )d .

(1.21.) h0:
d 0, dr = d = 0;
dr 0, dr = d = 0;
d 0, dr = d = 0.

j; -
i; - , .
=const, r = const,
40
1.
] [(
)]
W ( + )ei , re i W e i , rei
+
f ' ( v ) = lim
0
e i
] [(
)]
T ( + )e i , re i T ei , re i
+ j lim
=
0
e i
W
T
= e i
+ je i
.
(1.23.)
, =const, =const,
W [e i , ( r + r )e i ] W [(e i , re i )]
+
f ' ( v ) = lim
r 0
jre i
T [e i , ( r + r )e i ] T [(e i , re i )]
+ j lim
=
z 0
jre i
W
T
= je i
+ e i
.
r
r
(1.24.)
, = const, r = const,
W ei + iei , rei + irei W (ei , rei )
+
f ' ( v ) = lim
0
i ( ei + jrei )
+ lim j
0
] [
T ei + iei , rei + T ei , rei

+
ei
T
e i W
+
+j
=

i( + jr )
W
T
W
T
+r
r
.
.
= ie i
+ jie i
.
2
2
+r
2 + r2
(1.25.)
(1.23.), (1.24.), (1.25.)

f()

W
T
W
T
+ je i
= je i
+ e i
=
r
r
W
T
W
T
+r
.
.
i
+ jie
2 + r2
2 + r2
f ' ( v ) = e i
= ie
W T
W + rT
=
= i
r
2 + r 2
T
W
rW T
=
=i
.
r
2 + r 2
(1.26.)
,
(1.27.)
41
1.
f ,
:
e i
e i
W
T
W
1
i T i
= e i
= ie i
=
e ;
r
T
W
i T i i i W
= e i
=
.
e = e
r
r
(1.28.)
W
T
T
W
+ je i
= e i
je i
=
r
r
W
i T i
j
e =!

f ' ( v ) = e i
=
1 i
ie
(1.29.)
(1.28.), (1.29.) .
(1.22.), (1.27.), (1.28.)
,
. (z)
( ).
. , ,
-
.
+h
i
h = e (i j ),

0 . 0 , (i j )
i
. e (i j )
.
f v + ei (i j ) f (v )
lim
.
0
ei (i + j )
(1.30.)
(z)
z=0. h=0
i
e (i j ).
(Y)
.
0
= 0 + z (1 ji ) .
, 0 , .
0 = z (1 ji ) ,
0 .
z ,
lim z 0 ( 0 ) = 0 , lim z ( 0 ) = (1 ji ) .
42
1.
f ( )
,
= (1 ji ) .

f = f [ 0 + (1 ji )] f ( 0 ) ,
f [ 0 + (1 ji )] f ( 0 )
,
(1 ji )
f / ( 0 ) = lim 0
lim 0
f
= f / ( 0 ) .
(1 ji )
f = f [ 0 + (1 ji )] f ( 0 ) =
f
1 2 f 2
(1 ji ) +
(1 ji )2 + ..... + 0( (1 ji ))
2
0
2 0
,
f
(1 + ji )
0
= f ( 0 )
lim 0
(1 + ji )
, " 0
f
f / ( 0 ) # ,
(1 ji )
= ( ) " 0 ,
0 # (1 ji ) #
f = f / ( 0 ) (1 ji ) + 0( (1 ji )) 0 ,
0( (1 ji )) , .

f = A (1 ji ) + 0( (1 ji )) ,
f ( )
0 A = f ( 0 )
/
1.2.2.

.

,
.
-
.

,
.
.
,
.
43
1.
.
:
.) ,
;
) ;
) ;
) .
n
A. = v = n v n - ,
(Y).
n () -
:
iF + j
n in + jn
Re
=r e
(1.31.)
R = r n , F = n , = n ,
.
(1.6),
iF + j + jiS
n in + jn + jin
Re
=r e
:
n
(1.32.)
R = r , F = n , = n , S = n ,
.
(1.31.), (1.32.) , ,
n, , , (n-1) arg
n 1
v = r r
.
= 2
n
= 2
n
= 2
n
. 14.

Re iF + j = r n e in + jn .
R = r n , F = n , = n .
44
1.
(1.31.)
, - .
r ,
2
,
n
2
0 <
,
n
0<
n 1
, r
,
(. 14).
,

.
, n ().
(1.21.)
hv n 1h + h 2 ()
(v + h ) n v n
n 1
lim
= lim
= nv
f ( v ) = v = ( e
+ jre ) = ( r )e
h
h
h 0
h 0
, .
2.

2
i
i 2
2
2 2i
2i
+ j 2re
) ( )
(
R (e i , re i ) = Im(v 2 ) = 2 re 2i .
W e , re i = Re v 2 = 2 e 2i r 2 e 2i ;
(1.26.):
W
R
W + rR
= e i
= 2 e i = ie i
=
r
2 + r 2
2
2 i
2 i
r 2 2ie 2i
i 2ie
i r 2 r 2ie
= ie
+ ie
=
2 + r2
2 + r2
2
= e i 2
2 + r 2 = 2 ei ;
2
+r
R
W
rW R
= e i
= ie i
= 2re i .
e i
r
2 + r 2
e i
( )
W
K
+ e i
= 2 v.
f ' (v ) = v 2 ' = je i
r
r
, .

(1.28.), (1.29.):
2
2 2i
2 2i
i ( + )
f (v) = v = e
r e
+ j 2 re
45
1.
)
(
R (e i , re i ) = Im f (v ) = 2 re i ( + ).
W e i , re i = Re f (v ) = 2 e 2i r 2 e 2i ;
(1.28.), (1.29.) :
e i
e i
W R i
W
1
1 W i
=
= ie i
= i
= 2 e i ;
e
e
r
W i 1 R i 1 W i
R
= 2re +i .
= i e = i
=
e
e

r
f ' (v ) = e i
W
R
+ je i
= 2 e i + 2 jre i = 2v.
, .
n ,

n
n 1
f (v ) = f (i + j ) = (i + j ) = (2i )
(i + j ).
v = e i (i + j ).
v n = n e 2in (2i )n 1 (i + j ).
-
v n = 0 , arg v = arctg (i ).
n v n.
iF + j
= Re
v = re i + j ,
1
i +j
R e iF + j = r n e n n .
, , :
R = n r,
,
n
= .
n
F=

, . .
n v
46
1.
(1.33.)
n v 1 n 1
= v
.
v
n
n v .
1
1
1
i
jarctg (i )
n v = n e i (i + j ) = n e n 0 2 n e n
=
1
i
= n e n n 0 e jarctg (i ) .

.
B. =
1
.
v
1
1
1
=
= e i
=
+ jr
v ei + jrei
r
= e i
je i
.
2 + r2
2 + r2
W e i , re i = Re = e i
+r
r
R e i , re i = Im = e i
.
2
2
+r
(1.27.):
2
2
R
i W
2i r
=
= e i
=e
e
r
2
2 2
+r
W + rR
=
2 + r 2
+ ie i r
ie i
2 + r2
2 + r2
i
=
= ie
2
2 2
+r
= ie i
= e 2i
e i
r2 2
+r
2 2
R
W
= ie i
= e 2i
2 r
( 2 + r 2 )2
= ie i
rW R
=
2 r 2
47
1.
= ie
i ie
ri
r rie i
+r
2 2
) = e2i
2 r
2
+r
2 2
1 i W
R
+ je i
=
=e
v v
=e
=e
2i
2i
r2 2
+r
(r +
2 2
+ je 2i
2 r
2
+r
2 2
2
2i [ j ( jr + )]
=
=e
2 2
2
2 2
j )2
( 2 + r )
+r
2 + r 2 2 jarctg r
e
=
= e 2i
2
2 + r2
1
1
= e 2i 2 j
= .
2 + r2
v2
1
1
= 2.
v v
v

1

v
e i
1
1
re
= =
=
j
.
v e i + jre i 2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
:
e i
i
i
= Re =
;
W e , re
2 2i
2 2i
R e , re
)= Im =
+r e
re i
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
, W, R
(1.28.), (1.29.).
1 i W
R
+ je i
=
=e
v v
48
1.
=
=
2 e 2i r 2 e 2i
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
+j
2 rei +i
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
2 e 2i + 2 jrei +i + r 2 e 2i
2 2i
2 2i
+r e
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i 2 jarctg r ei ( + )
1
e
=
= .
2
v2
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
1
, ,
v
,
, (z),

1
1
= 2.
v1 v
v
(1.34.)
1
,
v
.
, .
C. (v).
v = e i + jre i , Re v = e i , Im v = re i .
(1.23.) .

(v ) = e i W + je i R = e i e +i + 0 = 1.
v
(1.35.)

i
i
i
i
v = e
+ jre
, Re v = e , Im v = re
(1.28.), (1.29.).

(v ) = e i W + je i R = e i e +i + j 0 = 1.
v
D. e (),
.

= e i j = e i cos1 jei sin1 = e i cos2 1 + sin 2 1 = 1.

1.

49
1.
e e
i (i + j )
= e e
i i + j e i
= e e
i i
( )
cos ei + je e
i i
( )
sin ei
i
i
cos sin ei i
e e (i + j ) = e e i = ei
= e sin
e
e i (i + j )
= e sin
= e e i ( j + j ) = e ie
+ je i = e e
+ j 2 = e sin = e sin .
,
:
)
(
R (e i , re i ) = Im = e e
W e i , re i = Re = e e
( )
= sin(re i ).
= cos re i ;
(1.27.)
:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
i
W
= e e e i cos re i ;
i
W
= e e e i sin re i ;
r
i
i
W
= e e e i i cos re i re i i sin re i e e ;
i
R
= e e e i sin re i ;
i
R
= e e e i cos re i ;
r
i
i
R
= e e e i i sin re i + e e rie i i cos re i .
( )
( )
(1.27.)
. .

i
i
e v
W
R
= e i
+ je i
= e i e e cos(re i ) + je i e e sin(re i ) =
v
= e e
[cos(re )+ j sin(re )]= e

i
ei + jrei
= ev .
e
= e
(1.36.)
.
50
1.
E. ln().
.
i
i
v = e
+ jre ,
ln v = ln R e iF + j = ln R + iF + j ;
Re(ln v ) = ln 2 + r 2 + i ;
r
Im(ln v ) = arctg .
(1.27.):
W
R
= e i
= e i
=
r
2 + r2
i + r 0
rR + W
= je i
= ie i
;
2 + r 2
2 + r2
e i
R
W
r
= e i
= e i
=
2
2
r
+r
W R
r
r
= e i
= ie i
=
2
2
2
2
+r
+r
ri
r
= ie i
= e i
;
2 + r2
2 + r2
e i
(ln v ) = e i W + je i R = e i 2 2 je i 2 r 2 =
v
+r
+r
jr
2 + r2
=e
i j
2 + r2
2 + r2
= e i j
1
= .
2 + r2 v
(ln v ) = 1 .
v
v
(1.37.)

i
i
v = e
+ jre
51
1.
)
(
r
R (e i , re i ) = Im(ln v ) = arctg e i ( ) ;
W e i , re i = Re(ln v ) = ln 2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i ;
,
(1.28.), (1.29.) W R
, r, , :
2i
W 1
2 e
=
;
2 2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
W
re 2i
=
;
2 2i
2 2i
r
e
+r e
W
i 2 e 2i
=
;
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
W
ir 2 e 2i
=
;
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
R
=
re i
r 2 e 2i e i
1
1+
2 e 2i
re i e i
=
;
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
e i e i
R
=
;
r 2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
R
ire i e i
=
;
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
R
ire i e i
=
;
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
,
.

ln v
W
R
= e i
+ je i
=
v
e i
2 2i
2 2i
+r e
rei
2 2i
2 2i
+r e
52
1.
r
jarctg ei i
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i e
1
= .
v
2 e 2i + r 2 e 2i
(ln v ) = 1 .
v
v
(1.38.)
ln[ ei (i j )] = ln + i + ln(i j ) = ln + i + ln 0 jarctg (i ).
F. . sin()
cos() e:
jv
= cos v + j sin v;
e jv = cos v j sin v.
(z) -
(). ,
e jv e jv
sin v =
;
2j
e jv + e jv
cos v =
.
2

(1.34.), sin() cos():
(sin v )
= cos v;
v
(cos v )
= sin v;
v
(1.39.)
.
:
2
2
sin v + cos v = 1;
sin 2v = 2 sin v cos v,!
G. .
z
sin(z), cos(z),
e iz e iz
e iz + e iz
,
sin z =
, cos z =
2i
2
. j i
. Y
. i.

53
1.
sin z =
e jz e jz
e jz + e jz
, cos z =
.
2j
2
e j e j
e j + e j
sin =
, cos =
.
2j
2
j Y.
e e
e + e
, ch =
sh =
2
2
e e
e + e
th =
, cth =
e e
e + e
sh = j sin j , ch = cos j
th = jtgj , cth = jcthj
,
z, ,
. .
e z + j e z j
=
sh = sh( z + j ) =
2
1 z
(e cos + je z sin e z cos + je z sin ) =
2
1
= [(e z e z )cos + j sin (e z + e z )] = shz cos + j sin chz .
2
ch = chz cos jshz sin . sh

sh = sh 2 z cos2 + sin 2 ch 2 z =
sh 2 z cos2 + ch 2 z cos2 ch 2 z =
= cos2 ( sh 2 z ch 2 z ) + ch 2 z = ch 2 z cos2 ,
ch z sh z = 1

2
arg 2 sh = arctg
sin chz
= arctg (tgcthz )
cos cthz
sh =
ch 2 z cos 2 ,
.
sin cos
. sin(ij)
i j
sin(i j ) = sin i cos j cos i sin j =
54
1.
e 1 e +1 e 1 + e +1 e 1 e +1 e 1 + e +1 e 2 e +2
=
=
(i j ).
2i
2
2i
2
4ij

:
sin(i j ) 0;
sin (i j ) = 0 ;
arg (sin(i j )) = arctg (i ).
sin(ij),
(e
sin (i j ) =
2
e +2
16
) ( 2 + 2ij ),
2
cos(i + j ) = cos i cos j sin i sin j
e 1 + e +1 e 1 + e +1 e 2 + 2 + e +2
=
cos i cos j =
2
2
4
1
+1 1
+1
2
e e e e
e 2 + e +2
=
sin i sin j =
2i
2j
4 ji
cos(i + j ) =
e 2 + 2 + e +2 e 2 2 + e +2
4
4 ji
e 4 + e +4 6 e 4 + e +4 2
+
cos (i + j ) =
8
8
8 ji
2

cos2 (i + j ) + sin 2 (i + j ) = 1
cos(ij):
1
+1 2
1
+1
cos(i j ) =
+e
ij e
) (e
4ij
);
4
2
4
(
e 1 + e +1 ) 2ij (e 2 e + 2 ) + (e 1 e +1 )
cos (i j ) =
.
2
16
, cos, ,
. cos(ij)
1
1
1
+1 4
1
+1 4
cos(i j ) =
e +e
4
arg cos(i j ) arctg (i ).
) + (e
);
, sin cos - ,
, , z .
55
1.
cos2 (i j ) + sin 2 (i j ) =
4
2
4
(
e 1 + e +1 ) 2ij (e 2 e + 2 ) + (e 1 e +1 )
=
+
16
2
(
e 2 e + 2 ) ( 2 + 2ij )
+
=
16
2e 4 + 12 + 2e 4 2ij (e 4 2 + e 4 )
=
16
(
e 4 2 + e + 4 )2 2ij (e 4 2 + e 4 ) 12 + 4
=
= 1.
,
2
16
16
cos (i j ) + sin 2 (i j ) = 1.
sin cos
. ,
tg (i + j ) = 0 ;
arg tg (i + j ) = arctg (i ).
H. arg
,

i
i
= e + jre ,
= Re iF + j ,
R = 4 4 + r 4 + 2 2 r 2 cos 2( ) ,
2 sin 2 + r 2 sin 2
1
,
F = arctg 2
cos 2 + r 2 cos 2
2
r
= arctg e i ( ) .
(1.40.)
R
F , , , r, .

: 0 = 1 0 = 1 , 0 = 1 , r0 = r1 , 0 = 1 .
Ln = LnR + iF + j
= LnR + iF ,
=
= ( z, ), = ( z, )
= Ln z 2 + 2 , = arctg
.
z
56
1.

= z + j ,
z = R cos ,
= R sin .
cos =
, sin =
z2 + 2
z2 + 2
.
dz, d
dz = cos dR R sin d
d = sin dR + R cos d
, Rd = sin dz + cos d ,
d = d arg =
dz + zd
.
z2 + 2
d arg .
arg =
dz + zd
.
z2 + 2
:
1)
z = 0, = 0 ,
= 0, r = 0 , ;
= 0 ,
2) e + r e
,
2
2 i
2 i
= r, =
.
2

. ,

1 ,
dz + Qd = dz + Qd
z
, Q ( z, ) = 2
2
z +
z + 2
d dQ
=

d
dz
, , 1
( z, ) =
arg = 1
arg . , 1
.
57
1.
F , 4i + 2j ,

= Re iF + j + 4ki + 2 kj , =0,1,2,. .
+1
C3 .

z = e i ,
r
, = .
z i ,
.
= arctg
r i ( )
e
r i ( )
e
1
= Ln
.
2i 1 i r e i ( )
1+ i
r = , =
,
2
.
= + is . Ln
Z
2
r
r
1 2 sin +
s = Ln
2
2
r
r
1 + 2 sin +
1
arctg
2
r
cos
r
1
r
r
1 2 sin +
1
i
= + is = arctg
+
Ln
2
2
2
2
r
r
r
1
1 + 2 sin +

r
2 cos
(1.41.)
58
1.
, .
= 0 r.
r dLn
r2
= 0 .
r2
1
= arctg
2
r
cos
1
1
arctg 0 = ( )
2
2
r
1
(1.42.)
r = , =
2 1 1
1
= =
arctg
2
11 2 2
4
1
1$ 2 +1
= $
s = ln
2
1 2 +1
, s :
1)
= 0,
1
r2
s = ln 2 = 0 .
2
r
2 r cos 1
= arctg 0 =
= arctg 2
2
2
2
r
i
i
= = e 2 re 1 = jre 1 .
2
= 0 = 0 , = 0 , = rei1 .
, r,
r
1
i
,
= arctg 0 = , s = Ln
$r
2
2
2
2)
+ is .
2
, = r
2
i
, .
2
, = arctgi .
3) =
.
,
= ji = jiarctg = jarctgi. , ,
2
arctg .
2
59
1.
, = , s = 0 , = .
2
2
2

arctg .
4) = 0 , =
dt
.
2
+
1
t
0
arctgx =
1
1
1
1
1 1 + i
.
d +
d = ln
2
1
i
2
1
i
2
i
1
i
o
0
0
1 1 + i

arctg =
ln
2i 1 i
i.
j. ,
1 1 + j
arctg =
ln
.
2 j 1 j
j.
1+ 2
(1 + 2 )
i
d
arctg =

2
+
1
0
i
1
(1 + 2 )
= i , = j.

1
1 1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+
.
2
1+
4 1 i 1 + i 1 + j 1 j
.
,

.
ji .
arctg
1 1
1
1
1
+
+
+
d =
arctg =
4 0 1 i 1 + i 1 + j 1 j
1 1 + i 1 1 + j
= ln
+ ln
4i 1 i 4 j 1 j
, arctg
.
60
1.
,

(1.29.) (1.35.) . :
v = 1;
v
= v 2 , v 2 = 2 v;
v
= v n , v n = nv n 1;
v
1 1
1
= , = ;
v v v
v2
1
= ln v, (ln v ) = ;
v
v
= ev , ev = ev
v
f (v ) = v,
(1.43.)
( )
.
,
,
, z .
61
1.3.
1.3.1.
, , ,
.
i
jre

, (z)
,
. (z) x y
,
. (z),
(), ,
, :
180 .,
.
.
- , ,
.
j
(z). ,
r, r ~ 0 , (z)
r. (. . 4, 5, 6, 7). j
. (1.5.)
2

= R e i cos + jR e i sin = jR ei .
2
2
, =
v = R e i + j / 2
j arctg(i)
,
.
,
,
. - r,

/2 (1.8.).
(. 8),
-, ,
, .
,

r ~ 0 , /2.
,

: , ,
z - .
62
1.
(1.5.)
:
x = R cos cos ;
y = iR cos sin ;
= jR ei sin .
(R, , )
(x , y , )
= jiR 2ei cos .
(R, , )
, :
R = 0; =
; R = 0.
2
,
. ,
() r ~ 0 ,

,
, arctg i.
. 15. .
z. () -
.
. 16. a,

,
.
.
.

. z- .
63
1.
, ,
, ,
.
(. 15). ""
,
.
. 16, 17
.
,
. ,
z
, . 16, 17,
. .
. 17.
,

0,
,
(.
18). .
L
. 18.
, .
0, 1, 2 (. 19), ,
,
.
64
1.
0 , (.
20).
1, , (z),
0 .
3 ,
,
.
. 19. C0, C1, C2, -
. 20. C0, , 1,
, 3 -
.
z- .
, ,
.
3 ,
, , ,
.
()
z, j C4
.
65
1.
C ,
(. . 21).
C4
.
21.
C4 ,
.
C3 ,
,
(. 17).
C3
.
22.
C3
.
S, . 23.

,
66
1.
. ,
.
C3 (),
.
. (
3 (. 20)
2R0, -,
, , 2R, -, ,
2R0-2R, ,
R0 . ,
C3, -
4, 2.
C3
1, 7
.
23.
3
S.
C0 (. 20),
.
C0, C1, C2 (. 19) , z-,
=const ,
. 2.
C3 (. 20) = 2 ,
= 4 . , i
, , .
1.3.2. .

.
67
1.
lim f ( k )( k +1 k ) = f ( )d ,
n
k =0
0 = a , 1 ! n +1 = b - , n ,
, k - , [ k , k +1 ] .

max k +1 k 0
Z
.
.
f ( ) = Q ( z, ) + jR( z, )
k = zk + j k , z k +1 z k = z k , k +1 k = k
k = k + ik . Q ( k , k ) = Qk , R ( k , k ) = Rk .
k =0
f ( k )( k +1 k ) =
k =0
k =0
[Qk z k Rk k ] + j [Qk k + Rk z k ]
f ( )d = Qdz Rd + j Rdz + Qd
f ( )d = (Q ( z, ) +
jR( z, ))( dz + jd ) = Q ( z, )dz R( z, )d +
+ j Q ( z, )d + R ( z, )dz
Q ( z, ), R ( z , )
.
.

U ( x, y , , ) = Re elQ ( z, ) = Re elQ (( x + iy ), ( + i ))
V ( x, y , , ) = Im Q ( z, ) = Im Q (( x + iy ), ( + i ))
P ( x, y , , ) = Re elR( z, ) = Re elR(( x + iy ), ( + i ))
( x, y , , ) = Im R( z, ) = Im R(( x + iy ), ( + i ))
dz = dx + idy
d = d + id .
f ( )d = Udx Vdy Pd
+ d +
+ i Vdx + Udy d Pd +
+ j Pdx dy + Ud Vd +
68
1.
+ ji dx + Pdy + Vd + Ud .

.
, , .
.
U ( x, y ),V ( x , y )
U V
,
y x
G.
Udx + Vdy = x
U
dxdy ,
y
G .,

.
G. . G
, , ,
G.

:
1. , G,

Udx + Vdy = 0 .
2. , G
Udx + Vdy , .
3. Udx + Vdy
F(x,y), G, , dF = Udx + Vdy .
G
Udx + Vdy = F ( ) F (B )
U V
,
=
y
x
G.

, :
xyz
- G,
U(x,y,z),V(x,y,z),P(x,y,z)
.

69
1.
Udx + Vdy + Pdz =
P V
=
z
y
G
V U
U P
dxdy
dydz +
dxdz +
z
x
x
y
Pdz = 0
. x,y,z
G, ,
, G ,
.
C3 .

, .

:
1) Udx + Vdy + Pdz = 0 ;
2) Udx + Vdy + Pdz = Udx + Vdy + Pdz ;
3) Udx+Vdy+Pdz
F(x,y,z), G
dF = Udx + Vdy + Pdz ,
Udx + Vdy + Pdz = F (A) F ( B )
P V U P V U
=
=
=
,
,
y z z x x y

. (X,Y)
.
.
.

,
( z , ) . Q ( z, ), R ( z , )

Q Q R R
.
,
, ,
z z
G,

. ,
(z, )

Qdz Rd =
R
dzd
z
70
1.
Rdz + Qd =
Q
dzd
z
Q R
R Q
+
= 0,
=0
z
z

. ,

.
,
U V
P
V
U
P
=
=
=
,
=
=
=
x y

x
y
V Q
P
V U
P Q
U
=
=
=
=
=
=
,

x
y
x y
,

. ,
.

dxdy, ddx, dxd , dyd , ddy , dd .
:
Udx Vdy Pd
+ d =
U P
U V
+
+
dxd +
dxdy +
y
x
x
G
V P
U
+
+
dyd +
dxd +
x
y
P
V
+
dd
dyd +
y

Vdx + Udy d Pd =
V
V U
=
+
dxd +
dxdy +
x
G y
x
U
V P
+
+
+
dyd +
dxd +
x
y
P
U P
+
+
+
dd
dyd +
y

71
1.
Pdx dy + Ud
Vd =
P U
P P
=
+
dxd +
dyd +

G y
x
U
P V
+
+
dyd +
dxd +
x
y
U V
V
+
+
d
dyd +
dx + Pdy + Vd + Ud =
P U
P
=
dxd +
dxdy +
x
G y
x
U
P U
+
dxd +
dyd +
x
y
V U
P V
dd
dyd +

24-
,
.
24- ,
,

Z, .

. ,
.

f ( )
f ( )d
C
f ( )d ,
0 , - .
.
Z,
.
F ( ) =
f ( )d ,
,
f ( ) .,
F / ( ) = f ( )
F ( )
72
1.
f ( )d ,
d
F ( ) =
f ( )d = f ( )
d 0
/
,
, ,

F / ( ) = lim " 0
= lim " 0
F ( + ") F ( )
=
"
1 + "
1 +"
f ( )d f ( )d = lim " 0 f ( )d
"
" 0
0
f ( )
( ) 0
f ( ) = f ( ) + ( ) ,
1 +"
1 +"
F ( ) = lim " 0 f ( )d + lim " 0 ( )d
"
"
/
+"
1 +"
1
lim " 0 f ( )d = lim " 0 f ( ) d = f ( )
"
"
" 0 " = "(1 ji ) 0 ,

+ " (1 ji )
+ " (1 ji )
1
1
lim " (1 ji ) 0
f ( )d = lim " (1 ji )
f ( ) d = f ( )
"(1 ji )
"(1 ji )
+"
+ " (1 ji )
d = " ,
d = "(1
ji )
,
+"
( )d
+ " (1 JI )
max ( ) "
( )d
max ( ) "(1 ji ) .
F ( ) = f ( ) , .
, ,
,
/
f ( )d
= F ( ) F ( 0 )
73
1.
f ( ) G ,
G, . f ( )d = 0 .
C

.
[af ( ) + bg ( )]d = a f ( )d + b g ( )d , a, b
C
f ( )d = f ( )d + f ( )d ,
C1 + C 2
C1
C1 + C 2
C2
f ( )d = f ( )d , C
C1 ,C 2 -
. :
M = max f ( ) L , L = L(1 ji )
,
f ( )d
f ( ) d ML , ML(1 ji ) .
C
f ( k ) k
k =0
k =0
k =0
f ( k ) k M k ,
k =0
0 ! n , ,
k 0 L, L(1 ji ) .
.
.
0 = 0
1 = 3 + i + j + ji 3 f ( ) =
,

:
J=
3 + i + j + ji 3
3 + i + j + ji 3
2
d = 2
0
[(
=
) (
3 + i + j 1+ i 3
2
)(
)]
3 + 2 3i 1 1 2 3i + 3
3 + i 1 + 3i
+2j
=
2
2
= 2 + j 3 + i + 3i 3 = 2 + 4 ji
z, .
1

74
1.
z = 3 + i, = 1 + 3i .
J = J 1 + jJ 2 =
f ( )d = ( z +
j )(dz + jd ) =
= zdz d + j dz + zd
1
= 1 + 2 , 1
z z = 3 + i , 2
, , 0
= 1 + i 3. 0---z = 0, d = 0
3 +i
3 +i
z2
J 1 = zdz =
2
0
( 3 + i ) 2 3 + 2i 3 1
=
=
= 1+ i 3
2
2
J 2 = 0 .
z---- z = const, dz = 0 , z =
2
J 1 = d =
2
0
1+ i 3
J2 =
1+ i 3
dz + zd
0
1+ i 3
0
1+ i 3
3+i.
(1 + i 3) 2
=
=1 i 3
2
1+ i 3
zd = z 0
= ( 3 + i )(1 + i 3) = 3 + i + 3i 3 = 4i
2 J = 1 3i + 4 ji

J = 1 + i 3 + 1 i 3 + 4 ji = 2 + 4 ji
, .
.

= ei + jrei
i
z = 3 + i = 2e 6 , : = 2, =
i
= 1 + i 3 = 2e , r = 2, =

J = f ( )d = J 1 + J 2 ,
J 1 = e 2i d + i 2 e 2i d re 2i dr r 2 e 2i d
1
J 2 = re i ( + ) d + ire i ( + ) d + e i ( + ) dr + ire i ( + ) d
2
75
1.

,
24.
01
0 2, = 0, = 0, r = 0 ,
= 2 = const,0
6
2
J 1 = d + i ( ) = 2 e
2
2 i
d = 2 + 2e
2 i 6
0
= 2 + 2e
J2 = 0
13, = 0, = 2, =
2
J = re
2 i
dr + j e dre
= 2 + 4 je
12
2 = 2e
,0 r 2
6
35 ,
. 0 .
3
6
= 2, r = 2, =
J = rei ie i rd + j e i irei d = 2e
2e
2 i
3
+ 2 + 4 je

i +
6 3
4 je
2i
3
+ 2 + j 2e
i 3
6
ire
d =
J = J 0 2 3 + J 1 3 + J 3 5 = 2e
= 2e
2e
2
i
3
2 + 4 je
2e
2
i
3
+ 2 + 4 ji 4 je
+ 4 ji = 2 + 4 ji.
.
,
z,
1
234 (. 24). 134 124
14, ,
1234. 45
= const, r = const, = const, = .

.
= e i ( + jre i ( ) ) . , + jre i ,
, ,

0
76
1.
, , rei ,
r .
.
z Z
0 .
. x, iy,
j . 2 (. 24) 2.
12345.
5
3
(6)
(Z)
0
2'
1
2
=/6
. 24.
.

:
1) Z, = 0 ;
2) , z = const .
1.3.3. .
f ( ) G
,
.
1
0 # z # 2 .
0 # # 2
f ( ) =

= 0 arctgi .
= Re i + j .
77
1.
d
,
Ln =
C 3 .
d = e
i + j
dR + iei + j Rd + jei + j Rd , R = ,
e i + j dR + ie i + j Rd + je i + j Rd
Ln =
=
Rei + j
dR
=
+ i d + j d = ln + i C3 arg1 + j C3 arg 2 ,
C3 R
C3
C3
C3 arg 1 -- C3 ,.
C3 arg 2 -- C3 .

.
Ln = ln + i C3 + j C3 . C3
Ln = ln + 4i + 2j .
J n =
( a )
d ,
C - C 3 a, ( a ) = ,
$ 0 . C a = e i + j ,
a.
d = ie i + j d + je i + j d . n=-1
J=
4
2
1 i j i + j
e
e
(id + jd ) = id + jd = 4i + 2j
0
0
n 1 J =
ie i ( n +1) + j ( n +1) d + n +1 je i ( n +1) + j ( n +1) d .
n +1
,
, i, j
.
.
J = n +1 ( n + 1)ijei ( n +1) + j ( n +1) n +1 (n + 1)ijei ( n +1) + j ( n +1) dd = 0

s
1.3.4. .
.
. f ( )
G C 3 , G
. ,
S, C 3 ,

78
1.
1
f ( )d
4i + 2j C3
f ( )
.
G

f ( ) =
.
G S,

.
,
G .
C3 ,
G S ,
.
0 . = 0
J=
=
1
f ( )d
1
f ( )d
=
=
4i + 2j C3
4i + 2j
1
f ( ) f ( ) + f ( )
d =

4i + 2i
= J1 +
J1 =
f ( )
d
= J 1 + f ( ). ,
4i + 2j
1
f ( ) f ( )
d = 0 .
4i + 2j
.
f ( ) ,
f ( ) f ( ) < , < , = ( ) > 0 , > 0 ,

f ( ) f ( ) < (1 ji ) ,
< (1 ji ) , = ( ) >
0,
> 0 .
f ( ) f ( )
1
1
J1
d <
d .

2 3
2 3
d = 2 3 ,
d = 2 3 (1 ji ) ,
79
1.
< (1 ji ) .

J 1 < .
0 0 , ,
. .
G S , S1 ,

, 1 ,
1
f ( )
1
f ( )
d
d
4i + 2j
4i + 2j 1
, 1 .
f ( ) =
S,
.
1
f ( )
f ( ), G
d =
.
4i + 2j
0
,
G
1.3.5.
1 f() G
(), ,
, f (v )dv .
C
. z.
1 3
, ,
G (),
G
.

v = e i + jrei .

i
i
i
dv = e d + je dr + ie d + jirei d .
f()
i
i
i
i
f (v ) = W e , re
)+ jR(e
l =
f (v )dv .
, re
).
l = l1 + jl2
l1 = Wei d iWei d R ei dr iRrei d ;
(1.44.)
80
1.
l2 = Wei dr + iei Wrd R ei d iRei d .
(1.45.)
l1 l2
. ,
, .
,
.
.
, :
l1 = We i
iWe i
dd +
+ We i
R e i ddr +

+
We i
iR e i r dd +
+ iWe i
R e i drd +

+
iWe i
R e i r dd +

+
R e i + iR e i r drd ;
r
l 2 =
We i Wr drd +
(1.46.)

+ We i R e i ddr +
r
+ We i ie i R ddr +
r

i
+ ie i rW
e R dd +
+ Wie i r
ie i R dd +

i
+
R e i r
ie R dd .
(1.47.)
(1.44.), (1.45.)
(1.28.), (1.29.). ,
81
1.

(), .
.
i
i
v = e
+ jre ,
f (v ) = W ( ei , re i ) + jR( ei , re i ).
l = f (v )dv
Ci
i .
. C0, C1, C2 (. 19) , z,
r = const; = var; = var .

i
i
dv = ie d + e d + jirei d .
l=
(W +
jR )(ie i d + ei d + jirei d ) = l1 + jl2 =
C0
= Wiei d + Wei d Rirei d +

C0
+ j Riei d + R ei d + iWrei d .
C0
l1, l2:
l1 = Wiei d + Wei d Rirei d =
C0
Wei
i
i
We i Rire
dd =
W i
R i
W i
=
e + ie i W
ie We i i +
ire
W i W
R i
=
ie i +
e
ire
l2 =
(Rie
C0
dd =
dd ;
iWrei d + R e i d =
R
R
W i
= e i + ie i R
ie i R e i i i
re
R
R
W i
= e i +
ie i i
re
dd =
dd .
82
1.
W
W R
i
+
ir;

R
R
W
i
+ ir
P2 =
;
P1 =
(1.48.)
(1.49.)
, 0
, .
(1.46.), (1.47.)
, (1.27.),
.
. C5,
= const (. 20).
i
i
i
dv = ie d + jire d + jdre .
.
l=
f (v )dv = (W +
C5
jR )( iei d + jirei d + jdrei ) = l1 + jl2 =
C5
= Wiei d + jrei Rd ei Rdr +

C5
+ j iei Rd + irWei d + Wei Rdr.

C5
=const
C5
. 25. C5 ,
.
:
l1 = ( iei W irei R )d ei Rdr =

C5
83
1.
W
R
R
= e i
ie i R ie i
+ ire i
+ ie i R ddr =
r
r
R
W
R
= e i
ie i
+ ire i
ddr = P3 ddr;
r
r
i
i
i
l2 = (ie R + ire W )d + e Wdr =
C5
W
W
R
= e i
+ ie i W ie i
ire i
ie i W drd =
r
r
W
R
W
= e i
ie i
ire i
ddr = P4 ddr.
r
r
P3 4 :
W
R
R i
i
+ ir
P3 =
e ;
r
r
W
R
W
ire i
ie i
P4 = e i
.
r
r
(1.50.)
(1.51.)

, (1.27.). .
. : C = const .

i
i
dv = de
l=
(W +
+ jdre ;
jR ) de i + jdre i = l1 + jl 2 =
R
R
W
= e i
e i
e i
ddr + j e i
drd .
r
r

(1.28.),
.
. .
C3.
i
i
i
i
dv = de
+ ie d + je dr + ije rd .
l=
(W +
C3
jR ) de i + ie i d + je i dr + jie i rd = l1 + jl 2 =
= (Wei d + iei Wd ei Rdr iei rRd ) +

C
84
1.
+ j e i Rd + ie i Rd + e i Wdr + ie i rWd .
C
l1 l2.
l1 = ei Wd e i Rdr (ie i W irei R )d =

C3
R
W
= e i
e i
ddr +
W
R
R
+ ie i
ire i
ie i R + ie i R + e i
ddr +
r
r

W
W
R
+ ire i
+ ie i W + e i
ie i W ie i
dd ;
l2 =
Rd + ie i Rd + e i Wdr + ie i rWd =
C3
R
= e i
e i
ddr +
R
W
W
+ ie i
+ ie i W + ire i
ie i W e i
drd +
r
r
R
R
W
+ e i
+ ie i R ie i R ie i
ire i
dd .
C3
. 26.

P2, P1,

(1.28) (1.28.). P4, P3,
(1.28.) (1.23.).
85
1.
: 3
r (. 26).
, l1, l2

.

C3. .
, -.

R
W
e i
l1 = e i

r
V
i W
R
R
ire i
+ e i
+
+
ie
r
r

i W
W
R
ie i
+ ire i
=
e
r
2R
R
2W
W
= ei
iei
iei
iei
+
r
r
V
2
2
2
i W
i W
i R
i R
+ ie
+ ie
ire
+e
+
r
r
r
2
2
2
i W
i W
i R
i R
+e
ie
+ ie
+ ire
dddr =
r
r
r
= 0dddr = 0;
+

W
R i R
W
W
e i
+ ire i
e i
l 2 = e i
+
+
ie
r
r
r
V

R
R
W
+ e i
ie i
ire i
dddr =
r

2
2
i W
i W
i R
i R
= ie
+e
ie
e
+
r
rd
V
+ ie
i R
+ ie
2
i R
2
i W
2R
2R
W
2W
+ ei
i
iei
irei
dddr =
r
r
r
= 0 dv = 0;
r
+ ire
2
i W
V
,
.
86
1.
() - a ,
:
a dr = rota d
= divrotadv = 0
C3
V
*

divrot a = 0.
.
:
2. 3 - ( )
() ,
,
, , ,
. f (v )dv .
C3
3. f() G
() 3 G
.
0, ,
, 3
f (v 0 ) =
1
f ( )d
4i + 2j C v 0
3
(1.52.)
. 3

f ( )d = f ( )d
C3
r 3 (. 26)
f() () G , 0.
- ,
0. ,
v0 = e i + j (i j )
.
. -0=0.
r , 3,
. 25. v 0 = R ,
:
1
f ( )d
1
f ( )d
=
=
4i + 2j r v0
4i + 2j C R v0
f ( ) f (v0 ) + f (v0 )
1
d =
v0
4i + 2j C
J=
f (v0 )
f ( ) f (v0 )
1
d
= J 1 + f (v0 )J 2 .
d +
v0
4i + 2j C R
4i + 2j C R v0
87
1.
J2 J1:
1
d
1
R e i + j (id + jd )
=
=
J2 =
4i + 2j C R v0 4i + 2j C R
R e i + j
2
4
1
=
+
i
d
j
d

= 1.
4i + 2j 0
0
f() 0 >0
= ( ) ,
f ( ) f (v0 ) < .
, v0 < . , R < ,

l1 <
f ( ) f (v 0 )
1
1
<
d
d .
v0
2 3 C
2 3 R C
R
R
, J1 R, , J1=0, J=f().
.
f (v 0 ) =
1
f ( )d f (v 0 ),
=
0,
4i + 2j v 0
v0 ,
v0 ,
G
G
(1.53.)
0 = re i + j (i j ) = (i j )
d = d (i j )
f ( 0 ) =
=
f ( 0 + (i j ))d (i j )
1
=
(i j )
4i + 2j
f ( 0 + (i j ))
1
d
4i + 2j
,
.
1
dv (Y)
v
C3
. 0 v R , R -
.
.
1
,
v
.
.
1, 2, 3 , ,
, 3,

88
1.
f (v )dv =
e i + j (id + jd ) = 4i + 2j.
i + j
C3
C3 e
, C3
R (. 20),
- . ,
- , ,
.
, .
=4i+2j
(). (. 21),
2f+2i .
1 (), 4 3,

v v
v = C4 v + 4k1i + 2k 2j,
1
1
v
k1 k2 - , ,
(. 27). C4 - 1
; - , 1 .
C4
C3
. 27. 4 1 ,
3.
,
v
v
dv
dv
=
+ 4ki + 2k1j =
v
v
C
C
1
1 4
Ln v =
v'
= ln v + 4ki + 2k1j = ln v + 2ki + 2k1j,
(1.54.)
1
k = 1, 2, 3, , k1 , , k = k1 + 1 .
0 (),
ln U, V,
W, C0, C01, C03. = 2ki + 2k1j .
89
1.
, U, V, W
.
(. 28). ln
. ,
. .
1.3.6.
, ,
.

d, C*, C*.
, .
dv = const = dei + jdrei
dv =const = ie i d + jire i d
r = const
03
02
03
. 28.

d*
d * = dv * dv .
d * = dve 2i dd ie 2i rddr + jire 2i dd + jie 2i ddr.
90
1.
d * = d 1 d 2 + d 3 + d 4 .
. 28 .
d
d4
d2
id
d2
C*
C*
. 29.
.
d* , d2
,
(. 29) : . d4
d3.

f (v )d * =
S
= (U + jV ) ie 2i dd ire 2i ddr + jire2i dd + jie 2i ddr =

S
)
S
+ j (ie 2i Vdd ire2i Vddr + ire2i Udd + ie 2i Uddr ) =
(
= ie 2i Udd ire 2i Uddr + ire 2i Vdd ie 2i Vddr +
= JJ 1 + jJJ 2 .
JJ1 JJ2:
JJ 1 = ie 2i d (Ud Urdr Vrd Vdr );

S
JJ 2 = ie 2i d (Vd Vrdr + Urd + Udr ).

S
ll1 ll2 C*, C*:
JJ 1 = ie 2i d
C*
(U Vr )d (Ur + V )dr;
C*
91
1.
JJ 2 = ie 2i d
C*
(V + Ur )d (Vr U )dr.
C*
C* ,
:
JJ 1 =
(U Vr )d (Ur + V )dr =
C*
+
+
U
Vr
Ur
V
(
)
(
)
r
ddr =
V
U
V
+ V ddr =
r V +
r+
r
U V V U
=
+
r
drd ;
r
r
*

J 2 = (U + Ur ) +
(Vr U )ddr =
* r
V
V
U
U
=
+
U ddr =
r +U +
r
r
* r
V U U V
=
+
+ r
ddr
r
r

U V V U
+
JJ 1 = f (v )d = ie 2i
r
ddr +
r
r
*
*
V U U V
+ j ie 2i
+
+ r
ddr =
r
r
C*
*
U V
V U
= ie 2i
+
ire 2i
ddrd +
r
r
V U
U V
= j ie 2i
+ ire 2i
ddrd .
r
r
U V
+
J =
+
r
V
V U
j
ddr (ie 2i d + jire2i d ).
r
=
const ,
,
92
1.
JJ = f (v )d = (U + jV )(de i + jdrei )(ie i d + jirei d ) =
S
C* C *
(1.55.)
= f (v )dv1 dv 2 .
C* C *
d *
*, *.
, 3,
,
.
3 (. 26),
r , r ,
0.
1.
g ( ) ,
g ( ) .
S , S 1 ,
,
g ( )d = g ( )d .
S
S 1
.
.
-
g ( )
S
,
g ( )d = 0.
S
= ( a ) d ,
n- ,
a = R 0 .
= a + Rei + j , 0 2 ,
d = i Rei + j d ,
S -
.
2
2
d = j Rei + j d
2 2i + 2 j
d = d d = jiR e
dd .
= jiR n + 2
0
2
ei (n + 2 ) + j (n + 2 ) dd .
.
93
1.
n = 2
n 2,
= ji 2 = 2 2 ji
= jiR n + 2 ei (n + 2 ) d e j (n + 2 ) d =
+
i (n + 2 ) 2
e
R n +2
= ji
(n + 2 )(n + 2 )
j (n + 2 )
R n + 2 i (n + 2 )2
= ji
e0
e
2
(n + 2 )
j (n + 2 )
j (n + 2 )
e
2 e
2 = 0,
ei (n + 2 )2 e0 = 0 n- ,
j (n + 2 )
2
e
j (n + 2 )
2
e
j (n + 2 )
2
e
j (n + 2 )
2
e
= 0 n- n = 0 ,
= 2 j n- .
= 0.
.
d .
e i + j
ji 2 e2 i + 2 j dd = jie 2 dd
S
e , 2
,
, .

4 5
+
+ ...
e = + +
2! 3!
2
= re i + j
r 4 e 4i + 4 j
+ ...
e 2 = r 2 e 2i + 2 j + r 3e 3i + 3 j +
2!
,
d =
2 2
0
2
2 2i + 2 j
r 4 e 4i + 4 j
3 3i + 3 j
+r e
+
+ ... dd = 0
ji r e
2!
,
.
94
1.
4. f() G
() .
0, G, ()
,
f ( )d
1
,
4 2ij ( v0 )2
f (v0 ) =
(1.56.)
d - .
. 0
(
)
v 0 = R,
d = d d = R 2 e 2i + 2 j ijdd ,
v 0 = R e i + j .
2
R ( v0 )
+
2 2
= ij dd = 2 2ij.
(1.57.)
1.57 ,
.

f ( )
f ( )
d =
d , r
2
2
R ( 0 )
r ( 0 )
- .
, 1.57
1
f ( )
1
1
d f (0 ) = 2
( f ( ) f (0 ))d .
2
2
2 ji R ( 0 )
2 ji r ( 0 )2

.
0 = ei + j
d d = ji 2e 2i + 2 j dd ,
f 0 + ei + j f ( 0 ) 2 2i + 2 j
1
= 2
ji e
dd =
2e 2i + 2 j
2 ji r
1
2 2
[ f (
+ ei + j ) f (o ) dd
95
1.
r
( ) . 0
. ,

f (0 + ( )ei + j ) f ( 0 ) =
1
2 2 . .
2
2
r, ,
:
1
f ( )
d = f ( 0 ), 0 , 0 , 0 ,
2 2 ji R ( 0 )2
- R .
= ( )e

0 ,
f
i + j
( )
f
1 2 f
f =
0 +
2 0 + ...0 2 ,
2
0
2 0
, 0 .
r = [ ] 0.

.

0 = ( )e
i + j
( 0 )2 = ( )2 e 2i + 2 j (1 + ji )2 ,
(1 + ji ),
f
2 f
( )ei + j + 2 2 ( )e 2i + 2 j + ...
f = (1 + ji )
0

,
.
i + j
0 = 0e
,
, , .
0 = e
(1 + ji )(1 ji ).

.
i + j
0 2 ,
,
2
2
.

96
1.
0 2 ,0
,
2
0 2 ,
0.
2
1
= 0 .
2

1

2 (1 + ji )(1 ji )

1
1 1
1
=
+
.
2 (1 + ji )(1 ji ) 2 2(1 + ji ) 2(1 ji )

d 1
d 2
2 (1 + ji )2 + 2 (1 ji )2 ,
(1 ji )2 = 2(1 ji ).
1 ,

= 0 (1 + ji ) = re
i + j
(1 + ji ).
d 1 = jir 2 e 2i + 2 j (1 + ji )2 dd ,
0 2 ,0 .
2
2 ,

= 0 (1 ji ) = re
i + j
(1 ji ).
d 2 = jir 2e2i + 2 j (1 ji )2 dd ,
0 2 , 0.
2

97
1.
2 2 2 2 i + 2 j
(1 + ji )2 dd + ji 2
r e
r 2e2i + 2 j (1 + ji )2
0
0
= ji
2 2
2 0
= ji dd + ji
dd
0
2
0 0
r 2e 2i + 2 j (1 ji )2 dd
=
r 2e2i + 2 j (1 ji )2
= 2 2 ji.
= ji
= ji
0
2
0
2
r e
(1 + ji ) (1 ji ) d d + d =

r 2 e 2i + 2 j (1 + ji )2 (1 ji )2 0
2
2 2i + 2 j
dd = 2 2 ji.
,
2
0
2
d

2
1
= 2
0
2
d 1
+
2 2
0 0
d
1 2
+
2 (1 + ji )2 2 0
d
= 2 2 ji.
2
2
(1 ji )
,
.

.
,
.
,

.
,
1
2
0 0
d 1
+
2 2
0 0
d
= 2 ji.
2
2
(1 + ji )
98
1.
1 2
= 2
0
d 1 2
+
2 2 0
d
= 2 ji.
2
(1 ji )
5. ( ).
v 0 < R .

,
f (v0 ) =
1
2 2 ji
+
2 2
f (v0 + R e
0
i + j
)dd .
. = v 0 + R e
f (v0 ) =
1
f ( )d
1
= 2
2
2
2 ij R ( v0 ) 2 ji
+
2 2
i + j
(1.56)
f (v0 + R e
0
i + j
)dd .
.
(1.52.), (1.56) (
) .
n -
f n (v 0 ) , .
.
99
1.4.
1.4.1. . .

Cn ( a ) n
, a , 0 ,
( a ) k ( 0 a ) , 0 ! k 1 , .
C 3 ; R C 3 . G
, S R , -
R ,
0 <
0 < ( a ) < R -
, a. 0 G n
n
a
0
C n ( a ) = C n ( 0 a )
a
0
n
C n ( a ) C n ( 0 a ) n M .
n
( a )
k
( 0 a )
Cn ( a ) n Mk n ,0 < k < 1 .
( a ) k ( 0 a ) . , K 1,
( a ) < ( 0 a ) . , ,
Cn ( a ) n 0
a R, .
1
= lim n n C n . R
( a ) < R

. .

( a ) = 0 .
100
1.
( a )(1 ji ) R (1 ji ) .
. ( a ) =
0.
( a ) , -
a . G
0 < lim z
z (1
0
ji ) < ( a ) < lim z
z R (1

ji ) < R
:
f ( ) G a
f ( ) = C n ( 0 ) n , Cn 0
1 n
f ( 0 )
n!
f ( )
1
d ,
Cn =
4i + 2j ( 0 ) n +1
Cn =
R1 ! R , a
. 0 f ( ) ,
, .
= 0 .
n
,
0 n!
( 1) n 2 n +1
,
sin =
( 2n + 1)!
0
( 1) n 2 n
,
cos =
2n!
0
2 n +1
sh =
0 ( 2n + 1)!
2n
ch =
0 2n!
e =
(1.58.)

.
0 = 0
n
2 3
n 1
+
+ " + ( 1)
Ln(1 + ) =
n
2
3
101
1.
( 1) 2
( 1) " ( + n 1) n
+"+
(1.59.)
n!
2!
, n = 1 ,
1
= 1 + 3 " + ( 1) n n . 1+
0 = 1 .
1.

e , sin , cos , sh , ch .,
(1 + ) n = 1 + +
, .
, .
.
. e
n
n! , .
0
= e
).
i + j
(1 ji )
n
n 1
n, (1 ji ) = ( 2i ) (1 ji )

n (1 ji ) n
(1 ji ) 2 (1 ji ) 2
n (1 ji ) n
=
= 1+
+
+"+
=
e
n!
n!
1!
2!
0
( 2i ) n 1
( 2i ) n 1 n
= 1 + (1 ji )
. C n =
n!
n!
n =1
(1 ji )
R = lim n
( 2i ) n 1 (n + 1)!
n
(2i ) n!
n +1
=
= .
n n
, ,
. f ( 0) = C 0 = 1 ,
lim 0 e (1 ji ) = C 0 = 1 ,
(2i ) n 1 n
0 , ,
lim = 0 (1 ji )
n!
1
.
(1+ ji )
= e cos i + je sin i
e
e (1 ji ) = e cos i je sin i
1 e 2
e (1+ ji ) + e (1 ji )
e +e
= e cos i = e
= +
2
2
2 2
e
e (1+ ji ) e (1 ji )
e
= e sin i = e
2j
2i
e2
1
i+
i
2
2
102
1.
e 2 =
2n n
n!
1 2n n
2 n 1 n
= 1+
e cos i = +
n!
2 0 n!
1
(1+ ji )
2 n 1 n
2 n 1 n
2 n 1 n
= 1 + (1 + ji )
=1+
+ ji

n!
n!
n!
1
1
1
1 2n n
2 n 1 n
1
= ji
je sin i = ij + ji
n!
2 0 n!
1
2
Z f (z )
a f ( z ) =
C n ( z a ) n 0
R ( ).
a .
f (z ) , a . Cn
C n =
f ( z )dz
f n (a )
1
=
, n =0,1,2, .
n!
2i ( z a ) n +1
R R,
f ( ) =
Cn ( a ) n 0
, a ,
= a + e i + j (1 ji ) , , , , . a .

f ( ) = C n (1 ji ) = (1 ji ) C n ( 2i ) n 1 n
n
Rd = lim n
Cn
2 n 1 C n
=
.
lim
n
2 n C n +1
2C n +1
.
.
i + j
= a + e
(1 ji )
= a + Rd e i + j (1 ji ) .
f ( ) ,
.
103
1.
f ( ) = Re elf ( d ) + jJmf ( d ) . .
.
. (1.59)
n
2 3 4 5
+
+
" = ( 1) n 1
Ln(1 + ) =
2
3
4
5
1 n
, < 1 ,
. .
= d = (1 ji ) .
Ln(1 + ji ) = Ln (1 + z ) 2 z 2 + jarctg
zi
=
1+ z
zi
1
. z ln(1 + 2 z ) + jarctg
2
1+ z
. d = z (1 ji ) =
z2
z 3 (1 ji ) 3
2
+ "" =
ln(1 + z jiz ) = z (1 ji ) (1 ji ) +
2
3
22 z 3 23 z 4
= (1 + ji ) z z 2 +
+ "" z 0 ,
3
4
2 n 1 ( n + 1) 1
= .
R = lim n
2n n
2

z 2 2 z 3 23
1
+
"
ln(1 + 2 z ) = z
2
2
3
iz
z 2 2 z 3 23
= iz
+
"
arctg
1+ z
2
3
,
,
,
iz
iz
1
1 + z = 1 ln 1 = 1 ln(1 + 2 z ) = i 1 ln(1 + 2 z ) ,
= ln
arctg
1 + z 2i 1 i iz
2i 1 + 2 z
2i
2
1+ z
1+ i
ln(1 + z (1 + ji ) ) =
.
1
(1 + ji ) ln(1 + 2 z )
2
104
1.
sin =
0
2 n +1
( 1) n , . ( 2n + 1)!
.
= z (1 + ji )
sin( z + zji) = sin z cos jiz + cos z sin jiz = sin z cos z + cos z sin jiz ,
cos z cos jiz = cos z .

Re el sin( z + jiz ) = sin z cos z .
e iz e iz
e iz + e iz
,
sin z =
, cos z =
2i
2
e iz e iz e iz + e iz e 2iz e 2iz
=
Re el sin( z + zji) =
2i
2
4i
2 n 2 n +1
z
4 3 8 5 16 7
n 2
,
Re el sin( z + jiz) = z z + z z + " = ( 1)
3!
5!
7!
( 2n + 1)!
0
R = lim n
2 2 n ( 2n + 2)!
= n + 1 = . 2 2 n +1 ( 2n + 1)!
.
.
1
= 1 + 2 3 + "" + ( 1) n n = ( 1) n n 1+
0
R = 1 .

1
= 1 + (1 ji ) ( 1) n n 2 n 1 , 1 + (1 ji )
1
1
Rd = .
2
1.4.2. .

n = +
C n ( a ) n ,
a - , -
n =
, Cn -
,
.

.
,
n = +
C n ( a ) n ,
n =0
105
1.
Cn ( a ) n . , .
1

( a ) R . .
R=0, a, R ,
Y.

( a ) > r . r<R,
r < ( a ) R . . S r , S R ,
r , R ,
C 3 . G, ,
,
d = (1 ji ) .
, ,
. Y
.
,
. Y,
. , .

. .
r r1 ( a ) R1 ! R ,
,
f ( ) . .
, .
f ( ) , G : r < ( a ) < R ,
f ( ) =
n = +
C n ( a ) n ,
n =
Cn =
1
2 2 ji
(1.60.)
f ( )
d ,
n+2
a
(
)
( a ) < R0
r < R0 < R, n = 0,1,2,# d - -
106
1.
( a ) n 2
+
f ( )
=
Ck ( a ) k n 2 ,
n +2
( a )
S R0 . n
( a )
d s = {0, n 2;2 2 ji , n = 2 .
.
.
1
, :
2 3
1 = 3, 2 = 1
3 = 1 + 2 ji, 3 = 1 2 ji ,
f ( ) =
1
1
1
1
=
=
2 2 3 ( 3)( + 1) 4( 3) 4( + 1)
1
1
=
=
f ( ) = 2
2 3 ( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji )
1
1
=
4 ji ( 1 2 ji ) 4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji )
f ( ) =
g1 ( ), g 2 ( ), g 3 ( ), g 4 ( ) , .
1
1
1
=
=
g1 ( ) =
4( 3)
12 1
3
n
1 1 2 3 4
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + " + n ,
12
3 3
3
3
3
R 3.
g 2 ( ) =
1
1
= (1 + 2 3 + 4 " + ) , 4 ( + 1)
4
R 1 .
1 21
7 1
20 3
2 2 +
"
f ( ) = g1 ( ) + g 2 ( ) = +
3 33
33
3 33
R 1 .
g 3 ( ) =
1
1
1
1
=
=
4 ji ( 1)
4 ji (1 + 2 ji )
4 ji (1 + 2 ji )
1
=
(1
)
1 + 2 ji
107
1.
2
3
1
1
=
+
+
+"
1 +
4 ji 1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji (1 + 2 ji ) 2 (1 + 2 ji ) 3
R (1 + 2 ji ) =
3.
1
1
1
1
=
=
4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji )
4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji + )
1
1
1
=
)=
4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 1 +
1 + 2 ji
g 4 ( ) =
2
3
1
1
+
+"
1
4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 1 + 2 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ji ) 3
R ( 1 + 2 ji ) = 3 .

1 + 2 ji + 1 + 2 ji
1
1
1
1
+
=
C 0 =
=
4 ji (4 1)
3
4 ji (1 + 2 ji ) 4 ji ( 1 + 2 ji )
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
=
C1 =
4 ji 1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji 4 ji 1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji
(1 + 2 ji ) 2 + ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2
=
=
4 ji 3 3
1 + 4 ji 4 + 1 + 4 ji + 4 2 1
=
=
4 ji 32
33

g 3 ( ), g 4 ( ) f ( ) .
.
.
.
1
11 1
1 3 3 2 33
=
=
g1 ( ) =
1 + + 2 + 3 + "
4( 3) 4 (1 3 ) 4
R 3 .
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
= 1 + 2 3 + "
=
g 2 ( ) =
4 1+
4 1 + 1
4
R 1 .
,
108
1.
1 1
=0
4 4
3 1
C1 = + = 1
4 4
32 1 8
C2 = = = 2
4 4 4
33 1
C3 = + = 7
4 4
C0 =
f ( ) =
1
2
7
+ 3 + 4 + " 3 .
2

1
1
1
=
=
4 ji ( 1 2 ji ) 4 ji 1 + 2 ji
1
1 1 + 2 ji (1 + 2 ji ) 2 (1 + 2 ji ) 3
=
+
+
+ "
1 +
2
3
4 ji
1
1
=
g 4 ( ) =
4 ji 1 + 1 + 2 ji
1 1 + 2 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ji ) 3
=
+
+ "
1
2
3
4 ji
g 3 ( ) =
3 .
1
1
=0
4 ji 4 ji
1
C1 =
(1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji ) = 1
4 ji
1
1
C2 =
((1 + 2 ji ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2 ) =
(1 + 4 ji + 4 1 + 4 ji 4) = 2
4 ji
4 ji
C0 =
.
.

,
.
.
2
3
f ( ) =
1
1
1 1
1
+
+ " 1 +
+ "
1+ +
4 2 3
12 3 32 33
109
1.
1 < < 3 .
.
f ( ) =
2
3
1
1
+
+
+
+"
1
4 ji 1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji (1 + 2 ji ) 2 (1 + 2 ji ) 3
1 1 + 2 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ji ) 3
+ "
1
2
3
4 ji
= 3 . .
= 1, = 3 .
. f ( )
, ,
. .
f ( ) =
1
1
1
1
1
=
.
2 2 3 8( 3) 8( + 1) 8 ji ( 1 2 ji ) 8 ji ( 1 + 2 ji )
,
g1 ( ), g 2 ( ), g 3 ( ), g 4 ( ).
g1 ( ), g 2 ( )

r 3, r 1.
g1 ( ) g 2 ( ) r 1.
g 3 ( ) g 4 ( ) r 3, 3 > 1, f ( ) r 1.
g1 ( ) g 2 ( )
r 3.
g 3 ( ) g 4 ( )
r 3.
, , .
,
f ( ) = g +1 ( ) g 2 ( ) + g 3+ ( ) g 4 ( ) ,
, ,
r =
f ( ) =
g1+
( )
g 2
3.
( ) + g 3+ ( ) g 4+ ( )
1 3.
.
110
1.
,
,
.
, . , , .

.
,
.
. -
1
.
( 1)( + 2 )
G1 : < 1, G2 : 1 < < 2, G3 :> 2.
f ( ) =
.
, ,
. :
1 3
1 3
1 = +1, 2 = 2, 3 = + ji, 4 = ji. 2 2
2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
+
f ( ) =
1 3
1 3
2 3 1 3 + 2 2
3 ji + ji 3 ji + + ji

2 2
2 2
g1 ( ), g 2 ( )g 3 ( )g 4 ( ) .
< 1,
g1+
( )n n
1
1
1
1
+
n
=
=
= , g 2 ( ) =
( ) =
n +1
+2
1 n =0

2 1 + n = 0 2
2
g1+
( ) +
g 2+
1 ( 1)n n
( ) = 1 + n 1
2
n =0 6
< 1. < 2
g 3+ ( ) g 4+ ( ) =
111
1.
n
1 3
3 ji ji n =0 1 3 ji
2 2 2 2
n
1 3
3 ji + ji n =0 1 + 3 ji
2 2 2 2
, -
: <
2 > 1.
< 1.
, .
(1 )( + 2 ) = +

1 3
1 3
ji + + ji ,
2 2
2 2
g1+ ( ) + g 2+ ( ) = g 3+ ( ) + g 4+ ( ). -
Cn n .
n = 0 : C0 g1 + g 2 =
1
1
+
+
. C0 g 3 g 4 = .
2
2
,
.
G : 1 2. g1 ( ) .
1
1
1
=
= n .
( ) =
1
1
n =1
1

1 1 1 ( 1)n n
+

g1 ( ) + g 2 = n +
3 n =1
3 n =0 2 n +1
g1
g 3
( ) +
g 4+
1 (1 3 ji )n
1 2 n +1 n
( ) =
.
3 ji n = 0 2 n n
3 ji n = 0 (1 + 3 ji )n + 1
= 2 .
, f ( ) G : 1 2

f ( ) = g1 ( ) + g 2+ ( ) + g 3 ( ) + g 4+ ( ), = 2 .
.

f ( ) =
k =4
k =1
g k
1 ( 1)n 1 2 n 1 1
+
( ) =
2 n =1
3 n
112
1.
1 1 (1 3 ji )n 1 1 (1 + 3 ji )n 1
+
,
2 3 ji n =1 2 n 1 n
3 ji n =1 2 n n
> 2. Cn

. , n = 0 :
C0 g1 + g 2 = 0, C0 g 3 + g 4 =
1
1
= 0.
3 ji 3 ji
,
.

. f1 ( ), f 2 ( ),
= a ,
f1 ( ) =
n =0
n =0
C n ( a )n , f 2 ( ) =
d n ( a )n ,
a r1 , a r2 , r2 r1 ,
:
f ( ) = f1 ( ) f 2 ( ) =
f ( ) = f1 ( ) f 2 ( ) =
a r2 .
(Cn + d n )( a )n ,
n =0

n = 0 k = 0
(Cn d n k )( a )n .
1.5. .
0 -
f ( ) , 0 ! 0 ! ( 0 ) !
, f ( ) , = 0 . -
Z . f ( ) 0 , .

,
. 0 f ( ) , lim 0 f ( ) = . -
(1 ji ) .
lim (1 ji ) 0 (1 ji ) f ( ) = = e jarktgi e jarktgi . ,

0 f ( ) ,
1
( ) =
. f ( )
0 = (1 + ji )(1 ji ) , 113
1.
( )
.
jarktgi
= e
.
e
0 n , n 1 f ( ) ,
jarktgi
n ( ) =
1
. n=1
f ( )
.
n ,

f ( ) =
( 0 ) 0 .
( )
, ( ) 0
( 0 ) n
, .
-, . , ,
.
.
Ck
C 1
+
+
+
"
C n ( 0 ) n .
k
( 0 )
( 0 ) n = 0
0 ,
f ( ) =

.
,
.
,
.
.
Y.

f ( ) G . R
.
2 2 R 2 .
n!
f ( )d
n! M 2 2 R 2
n
f ( ) =
2 2 ( ) n + 2
2 2 R n + 2
Mn!
n
f ( ) n , n = 0,1,2," 0 - G.
R
.
. f ( ) , .
114
1.
f / ( )
M
.
R
M , R
f ( ) 0 . ,
/
f ( ) 0 .
f / ( ) =
f ( )d
2!
2
2 ji ( ) 3
: 1 ,0
1 = + $,0 = , $ -,
f ( )
f ( )
f ( ) 1
=
,
( ) 3 ( $) 2 ( ) 2 $
f / ( ) =
=
f ( )d 1 2!
f ( )d
f ( )d
2!
2!
= 2
2
=
2
3
2
$ 2 ji ( $ )
2 ji ( )
2 ji ( ) 2
f ( + $) f ( )
.
$

$ 0 , , f ( ) = const . .
1.6. . .
: . .
f ( )
a C 1
a , , res a f ( ) .
C1 = res =a f ( ) =
1
4i + 2j
f ( )d
(1.61.)
r C3
. r C3 , r ,
( a) = r > .
f ( )d
= ( 4i + 2j )res a f ( )
(1.62.)
, a , , . n = 1 , 0.
115
1.
f ( ) a

ress =a f ( ) =
1
f ( )d ,
2 2 ji
(1.63.)
- , r C3 , a = r .
ress = a f ( ) = C 2 .
f ( )d
= 2 2 jiress = a f ( )
( a ) 2
(1.64.)
n =
f ( ) = C2 ( a ) + C1 ( a ) + Cn ( a ) n ,
2
n =0
C 1 = lim a (( a ) f ( ) ) ,
2
res = a f ( ) = lim a (( a ) f ( ) ), C 2 = lim a (( a ) f ( ) ),
2
ress = a f ( ) = lim a (( a ) f ( ) ).

f ( ) =
Cn
C 1
+
+
+ C0 + C1 ( a ) + " "
( a ) n
( a )
a n.
( a) n , n-1 a
resf ( a ) =
d n 1
1
[
lim a
( a ) n f ( )]
n 1
d
( n 1)!
(1.65.)
ressf ( a ) =
d n2
1
[
lim a
( a ) n f ( )]
n2
d
( n 2)!
(1.66.)
e = 1 +
. e = 0 .
= 0
1
1
1
+ 2 + " , C1 = 1, C 2 =
2
2
=1
res = 0 e = 1, ress = 0 e =
1
.
2
d = (4i + 2j ) res = 0 e = 4i + 2j ,
116
1.
2
2
e d = 2 jiress =0 e = ji .
sin
. sin
5
3 5
1
+
+"
f ( ) f ( ) = 5 (
3! 5!
sin
1
sin
= 0, C 2 = , ress = 0 5 .
C 1 = 0, res = 0
5
3!
. f ( ) =
sin
2 2 ji
1 2
5 d = 6 = 3 ji
. f ( ) =
.
( 1)( + 3)
= 1 = 3 .
1
3
=
=
res =1
. res = 3
C
1
+ 3 4
1 = 4 .
, .
( 1)( + 3) = 0 2 + 2 3 = 0 . 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji .
f ( ) =
( ( 1 + 2 ji ))( ( 1 2 ji ))
1 + 2 ji
= ji +
res = 1+ 2 ji f ( ) =
=
4
2
( 1 2 ji ) 1 + 2 ji + 1 + 2 ji
1 2 ji
1
1
=
= ji + .
res = 1 2 ji f ( ) =
2
( 1 + 2 ji ) 1 2 ji + 1 2 ji 4
. f ( ) =
. 2
( 1) ( + 3) 2
1 = 1 , 2 = 3 , -
. (1.65) .
/

=
res =1 f ( ) =
2
+
(
3
)
[( + 3)
2 ( + 3) 3 ] =1 =
1
2
1
=
16 64 32

res = 3 f ( ) =
= 3 =
2
(
1
)
117
1.
= [( 1) 2 2 ( 1) 3 ] = 3 =
1
6
1
=
16 64
32

(. )
3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji
res = 1+ 2 ji f ( ) =
= 1+ 2 ji =
2
( + 1 + 2 ji )
= [( + 1 + 2 ji ) 2 2 ( + 1 + 2 ji ) 3 ] = 1+ 2 ji =
= [( 1 + 2 ji + 1 + 2 ji ) 2 2( 1 + 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji + 1 + 2 ji ) 3 ] =
1 2( 1 + 2 ji ) 4 ji + 2 4 ji 1
=
=
ji
16
64 ji
64 ji
32
res = 1 2 ji f ( ) = [ ( + 1 2 ji ) 2 ] = 1 2 ji =
/
= [( + 1 2 ji ) 2 2 ( + 1 2 ji ) 3 ] = 1 2 ji =
[( 1 2 ji + 1 2 ji)
2( 1 2 ji )( 1 2 ji + 1 2 ji ) 3 ] =
1 2 + 4 ji 4 ji 2 4 ji
1
=
=
=
ji .
16 64 ji
64 ji
32
2
(1.63)
=
ress = 1+ 2 ji f ( ) =
2
( + 1 + 2 ji ) = 1+ 2 ji
1 + 2 ji
1 + 2 ji
=
=
( 1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji ) 2
16
=
ress = 1 2 ji f ( ) =
2
+
ji
(
1
2
)
= 1 2 ji
1 2 ji
1 2 ji
=
=
16
( 1 2 ji + 1 2 ji ) 2

1
ress =1 f ( ) =
=
2
( + 3) =1 16

3
ress = 3 f ( ) =
=
2
( 1) = 3 16
. f ( ) =
e
. ( 1) 2 ( + 3) 2
, .
118
1.
e
e
=
=
ress =1
2
( + 3) =1 16
e
e 3
=
ress = 3 =
2
( 1) = 3 16
ress = 1+ 2 ji
e
e 1+ 2 ji
=
=
2
16
( + 1 + 2 ji ) = 1+ 2 ji
ress = 1 2 ji
e
e 1 2 ji
=
=
2
16
( + 1 2 ji ) = 1 2 ji
. f ( ) =
e
. ( 1) 2 ( + 3)
f ( ) =
e ( + 3)
.
( 1) 2 ( + 3) 2
ress =1 =
f ( ) =
e
4
e ( + 1 + 2 ji )
.
( + 1 2 ji ) 2 ( + 1 + 2 ji ) 2
e 1+ 2 ji
ress = 1+ 2 ji f ( ) =
4 ji
e 1 2 ji ( 1 2 ji + 1 + 2 ji )
= 0 . ress = 1 2 ji f ( ) =
( 1 2 ji + 1 2 ji ) 2
, = 1 2 ji
.
.
i + j
= Re
,
= R = .

= 0 = Re i + j (1 + ji )(1 ji ) ,
R% 0.
1
=
R, , ,
1
f ( ) = f ( ) = ( ) , ( )
, ,
119
1.
= f ( ) . ; lim f ( ) = lim 0 ( ).
1
Re
1
=
1
1
=
jarktgi
0
0e
= lim 0
1
0e jarktgi
i + j
. f ( ) G
,
C3 , 1 , 2 ,# , n ,
n
f ( )d = ( 4i + 2j ) resf ( k )
f ( )d = 2 2 ji ressf ( k )
C3
k =1
k =1
k , G = ,
n
resf ( k ) + resf ( ) = = 0 ,
k =1
ressf ( k ) = ressf ( ) =
k =1
C3 20
C4 F . 2-
, .

f ( ) =
f ( )d
1
, = 1,2,3,.... - ,
2ik + 2j C
k
F Z Ck . ,
F Ck
.
C 1 = res = a f ( ) =
1
2ik + 2j
f ( )d
k = Ck
f ( )d = [2ires = a f ( )]k + 2jres = a (1 ji ) f ( )
Ck
k = 1,2,...... -
Z.
: Z
j .
Ck
f ( )d = Re elf ( ) = z dz +
cz
Jmmf
j
d
i
(
)
2
=
= j
C
res = n f ( )k + .
1
120
1.
+ 2j res = k f ( ) .
1
Re elf ( ) = z dz =
Cz
Cz
Jmmf ( ) = j jd =
C j
f (z )dz = k 2i res
1
C j
z = zn
f (z )
f ( j )jd = 2j res
1
j = j k
f ( j ) -
,
Z , j . C1 .
resf (z ) = resf ( j ) .
e d
e z dz
e j jd
2 2 3 = z 2 2 z 3 + ( j )2 2( j ) 3 .
C j
Cz
Ck

Cz
k = 2 .
C j
e z dz
= i e3 e 1 k . 2
z 2z 3 2
e j jd
e d
=
( j )2 2( j ) 3 C 2 2 3
= j -
e d
1
3
2 2 3 = 2 j e e C
( j )3 = 1 + 2 ji,( j )4 = 1 2 ji .
- = ( j )1 = 3, = ( j )2 = 1 . ,
.
G k , = ,

=
+
(
)
f
d
i
j
(
)
4
2
resf ( k ) + resf ( )
k =1
C3
f ( )d = 2 2 ji ressf ( k ) + ressf ( )
k =1
121
1.
(Z)
ri
. 30. .

resf ( ) =
1
f ( )d ,
4i + 2j C
3
1
f ( )d ,
2 2 ji
= R , ressf ( ) =
C 3
.
resf ( ) = C 1 , ressf ( ) = C 2 , C 1 , C 2
1 , 2 .
Z . 30,
G R , R ,
- r , r 0.
. 31. .
,
R .
r
0 . 122
1.
, . (. 31.)
.
e d
( )2 ( + )2 , 1
3
= 4. . R 4
, .
:1 = 1, 2 = 3, 3 = 1 + 2 ji , 4 = 1 2 ji.
. . .
2
( 1)2 ( + 3)2
=
1 1
1
=
=
16 1 + 3
1 1
2
1
.
16 ( 1)2 ( 1)( + 3) ( + 3)2

,
= 1, = 3 .
( 1)2 ( + 3)2 ( + 1 2 ji )2 ( + 1 + 2 ji )2
1
1
1
+
.
16 ( + 1 2 ji )2 ( + 1 + 2 ji )2
,
.
e d
( 1)2 ( + 3)2
e d
e d
1
1
+
+
32 ( 1)2 32 ( + 3)2
e d
e d
1
1
+
+
32 ( + 1 2 ji )2 32 ( + 1 + 2 ji )2
. = 2 ji
)]
1
e + e 3 + e 1 e 2 ji + e 2 ji =
32
2
ji e + e 3 + e 1 2 cos 2i =
16
e2 + e+2 2
2
=
ji e + e 3 + e 1 2
e + e 3 ji.
=
16
2
8
. 1, 2 , 3 , 4
123
1.
1 = 1, 2 = 3, 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji ,
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . - , = 4, k
. f ( )d =
f ( )d .
k =1 k
, .
e d
( )2 ( + )2
1
3
e
1 ( + 3)2
=
d +
2 ( 1)2
1
e
e
e
1 ( + 1 2 ji )2
1 ( + 1 + 2 ji )2
1 ( 1)2
+
d +
d +
d =
2 ( + 1 + 2 ji )2
2 ( + 1 2 ji )2
2 ( + 3)2
2
3
4
1 e 1 e 3 1 e 1+ 2 ji 1 e 1 2 ji 2
3
=
+
+
+
+
e
e
ji.
2 ji
8
2
16
2
16
2
16
2
16
f ( )d
= 2 ji ressf ( k ), k
2
k =1
f ( ).
2
=
e + e 3 ji.
8

, ,
f ( )d
( )2 ( )2
= 2 2 ji[ressg1 ( ) + ressg 2 ( )], -
= r > , = r > , , ,
g1 ( ) =
f ( )
, g 2 ( ) =
2
( )
f ( )
( )
2
e d
3
2
( 1)2 ( + 3)2 = 2 ji[ressg1 (1) + ressg2 ( 3)] = 8 e + e ji.
r =4
r ,

124
1.
f ( )d
2
2
( r ) ( ) ( )
1
( + ) + ji ( )
= 2 2 ji ressg2 ( ) + ressg3
+
2
2
1
( + ) ji ( )
+ 2 2 ji ressg 4
. ,
2
2
1
[( + ) ji ( )] 2
3 , 4 . 3 = 4 =
> , > > .

f ( )
f ( )
=
(
)
g 3 ( ) =
g
4
( 4 )2
( 3 )2

,
1 < (r = 2 ) < 3,
e d
( )2 ( + )2
1
3
= 2 ji[ressg1 (1) + ressg 3 (1 + 2 ji ) + ressg 4 (1 2 ji )] =
2
2
2 3
1+ 2 ji
1 2 ji
=
+e
= e +
ji e + e
e ji.
16
8
16
3
< r < 4,
2
e d
( )2 ( + )2
1
3
2 3 2
=
e +
8
16
e ji .
, :

.
f ( )
g ( )d = ( )2 ( )d .
= r > , r > ,
f ( )
g ( )d = ( )2 ( )d
= 2 2 jiressg( ) = 2 2 ji
f ( )
.
( )
. .
g ( )d =
= 2 2 ji
f ( )( )
= 2 2 ji[ressg1 ( ) + ressg2 ( )] =
( ) ( )
f ( )( )
f ( )( )
f ( )
+ 2 2 ji
= 2 2 ji
.
2
( )
( )
( )

< r > ,
125
1.
g ( )d =
f ( )( )
d =
2
2
( ) ( )
f ( )( )
= 2 2 jiressg( ) = 2 2 ji
= 0.
( )2
, .

e d
= ( 1)2 ( + 3),
= r = 2. = 2 ji
e
e
= 2 ji.
4
2
(cos cos , cos sin , sin cos , sin sin )dd ,
= 1 , , 0 2 ,
.
2
2
= cos cos , = sin sin , = sin cos , = cos sin . ,
( , , , )dd .
= e

, = e
i + j
i j
1
1
1
1
, + ji = + . d
2
2
d d
i + j =
d = d d = ije 2i + 2 j dd ,
dd = jide 2i 2 j = 1 dd = ji
d
. 2
JJ =
1 ( )d ,
1 =
, =1
1
2
1 1
1
1
( ), ( + ) -
2
2
2
.
n
JJ = 2 2 ji ress = k 1 ( ) , 1 , 2 , #, k - k
1 ( ) , = 1 .
JJ =
dd
=1 [a + 2(cos cos +
ji sin sin )]
126
1.
2(cos cos + ji sin sin ) = e i + j + e i j =
1
+
dd = ji
JJ =
d
.
2
jid
=
2
1
a + ( + )

2
jid
jid
=
=
2
2 2
2
2
( a + + 1)
( a + + 1)
1 =
a + a2 4
a a2 4
.
, 2 =
2
2
a > 2
.
a + ji a 2 4
3, 4 =
. a > 2
2
3,4 > 1 .
(2 + ) + 4 + 2 + 2 4
=
a > 2, a = 2 + , 1 =
2
2 + 2 + 2 2 + + 2 +
=
=
=
< 1,
2
2
2
1 > > 0 .
3,4 =
1
1
1
( 2 + ) 2 2 2 =
4 + 4 + 2 2 2 =
4 + 2 > 1 .
2
2
2
1
1
= 2
.
ressf ( ) =1 =
2
( 2 ) =1 a 4
1
JJ = 2 2 ji 2
a 4

. cos cos = , sin sin =

[(a + 2 ) 2 ji ] . 1
=
f ( ) =
2
[(a + 2 ) + 2 ji ] [(a + 2 ) 2 4 2 ]2
( a + 2 ) 2 + 4 2
Re elf ( ) =
, 2
2 2
[(a + 2 ) 4 ]
2
127
1.
Jmf ( ) =

JJ 1 =
=1
JJ 2 =
=1
4 ji (a + 2 )
[(a + 2 )
, -
4 2 ]
(a + 2 cos cos ) 2 + 4 sin 2 sin 2
[(a + 2 cos cos )
4 sin 2 sin 2 ]
4 sin sin ( a + 2 cos cos )
2
[(a + 2 cos cos )
4 sin 2 sin 2 ]
dd = 0
dd =
2
a2 4
128
1.7. .
1.7.1.
(Z), g(z)
D D, g(z)
, D
:
g (z )dz = 0
U 1 V V
1 U
=
=
,
,

g ( z ) = U ( , ) + iV ( , )
z = e i
( )
, i
,
g ( z )dz = (U + iV )(de
+ ie i d ) =
= (U + iV )de i + ie i (U + iV )d =
(U + iV )e i (U + iV )ie i
=
dd

.
,
.
g ( z ) dde
=0
,
, , ,
.
i
d = d z = ie dd

.
0 < < 2
d . (z)
d.
()
d d = d ,
129
1.
= R e
i + j
d = jiR 2 e 2i + 2 j dd = jiR 2 e 2i cos 2dd iR 2e 2i sin 2dd =

= jiR 2 e 2i cos2 sin 2 dd 2iR 2 e 2i sin cosdd =
= ji Rei cos Rei cosdd
jiR 2 e 2i sin 2 dd 2iR 2 e 2i sin cosdd .
R cos = , R cosd = d . d Z
,

. lim d 0 = d Z . , R
Z
2 i
d . Z
2i
d d .
d z = jide
( ) d (e ) = ie
d z = d ei

Z
d z = j lim d 0 .
dS Z
dS z = jLim 0, r 0dS . dS
,
, , dS = Limm
ds.
, 0
2
dS = jiR 2 e 2i cos2 sin 2 d
2iR 2 e 2i sin cosdd = jirdre2i d .
R sin = r , R sind = dr.
Z,
= R cos 1 R cos 2 , R, 1 , 2 .
2.
2 = 1 + ,
= R cos 1 R cos( 1 + ) =
= R cos 1 R cos 1 cos + R sin 1 sin
, r.
= cos + r sin .
2
3
.... 1 ( ) + r r
+ ... 2 ( ) .
. = +
2!
3!
2

.
r 0
2
= + ids
130
1.
1.41, .

.
r = R sin( + ) R sin =
= R sin cos + R sin cos R sin =
2
3
= r cos + sin r = r
+
. 0
2
3!
2
dr = r
.
2
dS = R 2e 2i cos 2 = R 2e 2i cos2 R 2e2i sin2

i 2
2i
Z, . dS z = dde , dS = rddre .
( ) ,
JJ = ( )d
(z ) ,
lim 0 ( )d = j ( z )d z
Gz
1.7.2. .
( ) =
Pn ( )
, Pn ( ) Q m ( ) n m
Qm ( )
( )
m n 3 .
Q m ( )
,
, : (z)
( ) .

,
.

. ,
, .

.
, ,
. Z,
.
,
, .
2
Qm ( ) = 2 3 = 0
1 = 3
131
1.
2 = 1
3 = 1 + 2 ji
4 = 1 2 ji
1 2 (z), 3 4 ( )
32.
2 2 3 = ( + 1)( 3) = 0

2 2 3 = ( + 1)( 3) = ( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji ) = 0

( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji ) = ( 1) + 4e
2
jarctg
2i
1
( 1) + 4e
2
+ jarctg
2i
1

.
. arctg
. =1,
, 2,
. =-1
2
2
=3 .
,
= 1 .

3 4, 1 2.
2ji
-1
Z
+1
+3
-2ji 4
. 32.
( ) =
1
( 2 3) 2
2
( )
132
1.
( ) =
1
1
1
=
2
2
( 2 3)
8 ji ( 1 2 ji ) 8 ji ( 1 + 2 ji ) 2
2

.
1 2
.
( ) .
= 3 = 4 . = 1 = 2
,
.
.
( ) 3 4 ,

.
3 = 1 + 2 ji 4 = 1 2 ji
Re
i + j
0
lim( 1 2 ji ) = lim R 0 Re
lim( 1 + 2 ji ) = lim R 0 Re i + j 0
i + j
j
2ji
-1
(Z)
. 33.
Z Y.

( 1 2 ji ) = Re i + j (1 + ji )
( 1 + 2 ji ) = Re i + j (1 ji )
R 0 ,
arctgi
.
133
1.
3 ,
.
2 Z,
1 , Z
= .
4
:
1 , 2
= .
3
R 2 , 0 , 0
1 = 3 .
1 2 ji 2 2 ji = 3
1 + 2 ji 2 + 2 ji = 3
, R 0 , , 0 :
1 2 ji = 2 ji 2 = 1
1 + 2 ji = 2 + 2 ji = 1

,
R = 0
Z . ( 33)
( ) =
1
1
i + j
= Re
. d .
C3
d = i Re
4
J = id +
jd
i + j
d + j Re i + j d .
= 4i + 2j.
C3 .
1
JJ = ( )d
2.
2 2 i + 2 j
d = d d = jiR e
dd .
( ) =
JI =
1
ji 2 dd = ji d d = 2 2 ji .
2
,

C3 .

134
1.
= R , .
JJ
2
JJ = ji d d = 2 2 ji
0
,

(1.42)
1.7.3.
.

.

. ,
Z , .

.
Z

. Z
, .
,

.

. ( )
( ) = Re el ( ) + jJm ( ) = g1 ( ) + jg 2 ( ).
dS = jiR 2 e 2i cos 2d iR 2 e 2i sin 2dd .
2 2i
2 2i
= [g1 ( ) + jg 2 ( )]( jiR e cos 2dd iR e sin 2dd ) =
SR
= ji g1 ( )R 2 e 2i cos 2dd g 2 ( )R 2 e 2i sin 2dd

SR
ig1 ( )R
2 2 i
sin 2dd + ig 2 ( )R 2 e 2i cos 2dd .
SR
, ,
,
Z .
135
1.
= Lim 0,r o = j g1 (z )ie
SR
0 0
2 i
dd + g 2 (z )ie2i dd ,
0 0
g1 (z ) = Re el ( ) =o ,z , g 2 (z ) = Im ( ) = 0, = k (1+ ji ) .
,
. .
, Z.
2
= (z )ide
Sz
2i
d ,
0 0
Z .
,
. Z S R
= ( )d ,
( ) = Re el ( ) + Jm ( ) .
SR
( ) = e i + jrei ,
Re el ( ) 0 . , z = ei ,
= Re
(1 ji ),

i + j
Re el (1 ji ) = Rei + j (1 + ji ).
Z . ,
.
, , = LimR ( )dS = 0 ,
Sz
SR
SR = R, Jm > 0 ,
.

n
k =1
k =1
2
2
= ji ress ( k )Im >0, =k + ji ress ( k )Im >0, =k (1+ ji ) ,
Sz
, Z,
,
. ,

, (
).
2.
. , S R ,
R, .

( )dS = + ( )dS Rn
S
Sz
SR
n
136
1.
k =1
k =1
2 ji ress ( ) = k + 2 ji ress ( ) =k (1+ ji ) .

,
.
( )dSRn
LimR
SR
= 0
= lim jig1 (z )e
Sz
0 0
jig1 (z )e
2i
0 0
2i
dd + lim ig 2 (z )e2i dd =
0 0
dd + ig 2 (z )e 2i dd
0 0
1. Z
( ) =
2 3
= ( )dS z
Sz
.,
Sz
.
, :
1 = 3, 2 = 1, 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji.
Jm 0 .
, .

e
e
1
1
+
= 1 ( ) + 2 ( ) .
( ) =
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3
1 , 2 ,
3 , 4 .
e
e 1 1
1
1
=
=
1 ( ) =
2 ( 3)( + 1)
2 16 ( 3) ( 1)
e 1
1
2
=
+
.
32 ( 3)2 ( + 1)2 ( 3)( + 1)
,
. ,
e 1
1
+
1 ( ) =
32 ( 3)2 ( + 1)2
2 ( ) =
e
1
1
+
.
32 ( 1 2 ji )2 ( 1 + 2 ji )2
137
1.
( )
e 4
1
, ( ) = k ( ) =
.
2
32
(
)
k =1
k =1
k
4
= 2
jiress ( ) =1+ 2 ji .
S R 0 , = 1S 0 , = 3 S R

Sz
. 1 , 2
.
,

.
.

k , =1,2,3,
(
e
z 3 j )2
1 e z cos + e sin
1 ( ) =
=
,
32 (z 3 + j )2 (z 3 j )2 32 (z 3)2 + 2 2
Re el1 ( ) = 0 =
Jm1 ( ) = 0 = 0 .
3 ( ). 3 ( ) =
32(z 3)4
ez
32(z 3)2
(e
e
32(z + 1)2
2 ( )
Re el 2 ( ) =0 =
e z (z 3)2
, Im 2 ( ) =0 = 0.
z
cos + je sin
)[(z 1) j( 2i )]
[(z 1 )+ ( 2i ) ] 32
2 2
Re el 3 ( ) =0
Im 3 ( ) = 0 =
(
(
)
)
e z z 2 2z + 5
ez
ez
1
1
=
+
=
.
2
2
32 z 2 2 z 3
32 z 2 z 3 4 z 2 2 z 3 2
4e (z 1)i
z
32 z 2 z 3
( ) Z ,
(1.8.1), (z ) = g1 (z ) + jg 2 (z ) =
k =1
k =1
Re el k ( ) + j Im k ( ).
138
1.
ez 1
1
1
8
+
+
+
(z ) =
+
2
2
32 (z 3)2 (z + 1)2 z 2 2 z 3
z 2 z 3
e z 4i (z 1)
+j
32 z 2 2 z 3 2
) (
e z 3 z 2 2z + 5
e z 4i (z 1)
( ) =
+j
32 z 2 2 z 3 2
32 z 2 2 z 3 2
= ji g1 (z )de
Sz
2i
0 0
d + ig 2 (z )de 2i d ,
0 0
= 0
SR
e1+ 2 ji
=
ress ( ) =1+ 2 ji ji = ji
32
2
= ji
e(cos 2i + j sin 2i ) =
32
2 e 2 + e 2
2 e 2 e 2
= ji
=
e
+ ji 32 ej 2i
32
2
2 1 3 2 1 3
= ji
e +e
e e
64
64
S R 0 , = 1 S R 0 , = 3
e = e 1
( + 1)2
+ ( ), e = e 3
( 3)2
+ ( ).
S R 0 , = 1
S R 0 , =3
2 2
e 1 2
( + )2 ds = 32 ji ,
1
0 32
2 2
e 1
e3
e3 2
( )2 ds = 32 ji.
3
0 32
,
,
. ,
2 1 3
e 1 2
e3 2
e 1 2
e3 2
= 32 ji + 32 ji + 32 ji + 64 ji 64 e e =
Sz
139
1.
2 1 3 2 3 2 1 3
= ji
e +
e
e e .
16
64
64
(z 2 z + 5) e de
(z 2 z 3)
0 0
(z 1)
0 0
(z
2 i
2
1
1
2
d = 2 e 1 + e3 2 = 2 e 1 + e3 .
3
2
2
3
e z de 2i d =
2
2z 3
2 1 3
i e e .
8
,

. ,

, .
2.
SR =4
e
2
2 3
dS .
. S ,
= 4 ,
.
.
2 2
0
2
e
2
2 3
dS =
= ji ress k ( ) = k + ji ress k ( ) = k (1 ji ) ,
2
k =1
k =3
k , k .
1
= 2
1
=
32
1
32
2 2
0
2
2 2
0
2
2 2
0
2
1
dS +
2
2
2 2 3
1
+
dS
32
( 3)2
2 2
2 2
0
2
e
2
2 3
dS =
( + )2 dS +
1
0
2
dS +
2
( 1 2 ji )
1
32
2 2
0
2
( 1 + 2 ji )
dS =
140
1.
1
1
2 2 ji e 3 + e 1 + 2 2 ji e1+ 2 ji + e12 ji =
32
32
2
2 2 ji
1
3
= ji
e + e + ji
e e + e 2 ji =
16
16
2
2
= ji
e 3 + e 1 + ji
e(cos 2i ) =
16
8
2 3 1
2 e 2 + e 2
2 3 1
= ji
+
+
=
e e
ji
e
ji 8 e + e .
16
8
2
,
( , 2)
,
. 1.40, 1.41
iF + j + jis
= Re
.
,
e s + e+ s
e s e+ s
=
= ReiF + j (cos is + j sin is ) = ReiF + j
ji
2
2
1 ji
1 + ji
= ReiF + j s
+ ReiF + j + s
.
2
2
.
R, F , , s .
1
d .
C3
1
= 0 , = (1 + ji )(1 ji ) .
1 11 1
1
=
+
.
2 2 (1 + ji )(1 ji )
.
R = 4 4 + r 4 + 2 2 r 2 cos 2( )
= 0, r = 0 . .
.
1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
=
+
.
2 (1 + ji )(1 ji ) 2 2 1 + ji 2 2 1 ji
,
,
(1 + ji ) = ReiF + j + s (1 + ji ), (1 ji ) = ReiF + j s (1 ji )
141
1.
d =
C3
C3
C3
4 Re
ReiF + j + s (1 +
ReiF + j + s
ReiF + j s (1 ji )(idF + jd ds )
ReiF + j s
C3
=
(1 + ji ) C3 4 ReiF + j s (1 ji )
ji )(idF + j + ds )
+
iF + j + s
1
(idF + jd ). F ,
2 C3
C3 0 F 4 ,0 2 .
,
C3
1 d 1 ReiF + j (idF + jd )
=
=
2
2C
ReiF + j
3
1
idF + jd . F , , S
2C
3

1.41.
.
C3
d
= idF + jd = 4i + 2j.
C
3

R.
C3 .
, s = 0
2
i
(1.40), (1.41). = jre
i
. = + = jre .
2
= 0 R = r , F = , = , s = 0
2
= r , =
F
.
R = r 0 , = , S = i = arctgi .
2
1
sin 2 + sin 2 1
2 sin( + )cos( ) +
= arctg
=
F = arctg
2
cos 2 + cos 2 2
2 cos( + )cos( )
2
= 0 , R = r , F = , =
142
1.
= r 0e
jarctgi
+
j
2
2
= jre
+
2
(1 ji ).

(1.40, 1.41)

= ei + jrei = rei (1 ji ). (1.16),

i + j
= re
(1 ji ) .
f ( )d
k = 2 k 2 3 ,
C3
f k ( ) e , e , e j , e j .
1

2 2 3
1
1
1
1
1
=
,
2 2 3 8( 3) 8( + 1) 8 ji ( 1 2 ji ) 8 ji (1 1 + 2 ji )
,
.
1 = 3, 2 = 1, 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji ,
C3
, ,
. f k ( )
e d
e d
e d
e d
1 e d
=
+ ji
ji
=
2
3 C + 1
1 2 ji
1 + 2 ji
C3 2 3 8
C
C
C
3
3
3
3
e 3 e 1 e1+ 2 ji e12 ji
= (4i + 2j )
+
=
ji
8
8
e 3 e 1 e e 2ij e 2ij
= (4i + 2j )
+
=
i
j
8
4
2
e 3 e 1 1
= (4i + 2j )
+ e sin 2i =
4i
8
3
1
2
2
e e e e
= (4i + 2j )
e =
8
8
e 3 e 1 e 3 e 1 4i + 2j 3
= (4i + 2j )
+
e e 1 .
=
8
4
8
143
1.
e d
e .
=
2
2
3
C3
2
9
1
1 (1+ 2 ji )2
(1 2 ji )2 = ( + ) e e
= (4i + 2j ) e9 e +
e
e
i
j
4
2
.
ji
8
8
4
j
e d
4i + 2j 3 j
=
e j 2
e e j . .
4
C3 2 3
e j .
2
e j d
4i + 2j 9 j
e e j .
2 2 3 = 4
C3
,

,
. ,
, C3 ,
. G
S1 , S2 , 1 , 2 ,
f ( )d
f ( )d
= (4i + 2j ) f ( ).

2
.
, 3 = 2,
4 =
3
. G
2
= 3 , = 4 ,
. C3
3 4 . C3 .
= = (4i + 2j )(resf (3 ) + resf ( 4 )) ,
C3
e
e
1
1 1 1+ 2 ji 1 2 ji
+ res ji
= e
e
=
resji
1 2 ji 8
1 + 2 ji 8 8
e 2 ji e 2 ji
1
1
2 ji
2 ji
= jie
jie e e
2j=
8
8
2j
1
1 e 2 e 2
1
= ei 2 sin 2i = 2i
e = e 3 e 1 .
8
8
2i
8
144
1.
e d
4i + 2j 3
=
,
e e 1 .
2
8
3 4 2 3
G S1 , S2 ,
5 , 6 , = 2, = 4 ,
= 3 .
e d
4i + 2j 3
2 2 3 = 8 e .

5

.
2
. 2 3 = + j ,
= z 2 2 z 2 3, = 2 (z 1) .
e d = + j ,
= e z cosdz e z sin d , = e z sin dz + e z cos d .
( + j )( j ) = + + j .
e d
=
2 2 3 ( + j )( j ) 2 + 2
2 + 2
(e z cos + e z sin )dz e z ( sin cos )d = i (e 3 e 1 ).

Re el =
2 + 2
2
3 4
3 4
Jmm
3 4
e z ( sin cos )dz + e z ( cos sin )d 3

= (e e 1 ).
2
2
+
2
3 4
3 4 Z .

=0 = z 2 2 z 3,
= 0 .
=0
Cz
(
(z
)
2 z 3)
e z z 2 2 z 3 dz
2
Cz
e z dz
.
z2 2z 3

. Z
. .
Cz
i 3 1
e z dz
=
e e .
z 2 2z 3 2
,
.

145
1.
Jmm C3 =
je j d
z =0 ( )2 .
j
2j
3
C
j ( j )1 = 3, ( j )2 = 1 .
,

z =0 = 2 (e
e 1 .
. .
Z, ,
,
.
= 1 .
e d
1
= ie 1 + i e 3 ,
Re el =0 2
2
2 3
C3
1
e d
e z dz
Re el 2 2 3 = z 2 2 z 3 = 2 ie .
Cz
Cz
e d
= e 1 ,
Jmm z =0 2
2
2 3
C3
1
e d
je j d
Jmm 2 2 3 = ( )2 = 2 e .
2j
3
C
C j

1 = 1, 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji ,
Cz
= ie 1, = 0 = ie 1 + ie3
2
2
C
3
= e 1, z = 0 = e 1 + e3.
2
2
4
C
3
Cz
= e 1 + e3 , z = 0 = e 1 + e3
2
2 C
2
2
3
= e 1 + e3 , = 0 = ie 1 + ie3
2
2 C
3
1.7.2
32 33. 3 , 4
1 , 2 . ,
, .
146
1.
, .
Z
,
.

Z .
,
.
.
( )
n m,
Pn ( z )
, Z ,
Qm ( z )
( ) =

m n = 2 ( )
( )
A
C
, , 3 , -. ( ) 3
R.

LimR
( )d
< CR 3 R 2 2 0
Rn

+ +
JJ =
( z )dxdy = 2
SZ
jiq1 ( z )e
0 0
2i
ress ( ) + 2 2 ji
Im > 0 , =
ji
ress ( )
Im > 0 , = (1 ji )
dd + iq2 ( z )e 2i dd ,
0 0
q1 ( z ) = q2 ( z ) .
1.7.4. .
> 0 :
1) g [ ] Im > 0, R0 >
2) M (R ) = max g ( )
= R, Im > 0.
0 R , R -
= lim R g ( )sin id
= 0.
e ji e ji
.
sin i =
2j
147
1.
e ji e ji
e ji
d = 1 + 2 = g ( )
d +
= g ( )
j
j
2
2
R
R
+
g ( )
,
1
e ji
d . ,
2j
. .
e ji
= g ( )
d .
j
2
e ji
.
2j
i + j
e ji
e ji Re
=
2j
2j
1 ji Rei cos i Rei sin

=
e
2
1 i Rei sin 1 iR cos sin + R sin sin 1 R sin sin

= e
= e
e
.
2
2
2
i + j
= Re
Jm > 0 .
=
1 R sin sin
1.
, e
2
2
e ji
1
= e R sin sin

2j
2
2 ,0
0 ,0
.
2
= Rei + j (1 + ji ).
. ,
2
,
0 .
2
sin <
1
= R 2 max R g ( )
2
2 2 R sin 2
dd .
e
R .

148
1.
2
R sin 2
2
e
2 R sin
1
e
1 2
1 2
d = R M (R )
d =
1 = 2 R M (R ) 2
2
2
R sin
R sin
0
2 R sin
2
1
e
= R M (R )
d .
R
4
sin
eR sin 1

R sin
(
e
1
R cose R sin
=
= 1.
R sin
R cos
lim , 2
R sin

.
< < 2 . sin = , < 1.
e R 1
A =
. R < 1 ,
R
. A =
1 R 1 + O (R )
= 1 + o(R )R 0 0 .
R
e R 1
< 1,
R > 1, A =
R
e
1 < 1, R > 1.
1
g ( ) 3 , lim 1
R
,
1 =
2 2
=
R M (R ).
4
2
=
0.
4R
e ji
2 j g ( )d = 0.
0 ,0
.
2
149
1.
2 =
e ji
g ( )d = 0.
2j
= 1 2 = g ( )sin id
= 0.

. 1 , 2 :
e(1+ ji )
e (1 ji )
1 = g ( ) 2 j d , 2 = g ( ) 2 j d .
3
,
2
2
e (1+ ji )
= e R cos cos < 1 ,
2j
e (1+ ji )
3
= e R cos cos < 1.
,
2
2
2j
0
cos 0.
3
2 2
,
1
1
= R 2 M (R ) e R cos cos dd ,
2
0
2

2 2
1 2
R M (R ) e R cos cos dd .
2
3 0
2
, cos = sin 1 . ,
2
2

3
2
2 2 R cos 1
dd ,
e
11 =
0
2

2
2 2 R 1 cos
e
dd .
22 =
3 0
2
150
1.
3
2
11 =
2 R 2 cos
R cos
e
d e
d
(1 e
R cos
3
2
3
2
eR cos d
2
R cos 2
e
2
R cos
) d .
2
cos
22
1 e R cos
=
d .
2
3 R cos
lim
lim
3
,
2 2
3
,
2 2
(1 e
R cos
,
2
R cos

1 e R cos
= .
2
2
R cos

2 2
1 = 2 = 4 R M (R ).
2
1
= 0, R . ,
g ( )
, 1 = 2 =
4R
R3
.
. .
= 1 + 2 =
g ( )sin id
= 0.
R , Jm 0
= j g (z )sin izd z . g ( ),
z
j sin izg (z )d z +
sin(i )g ( )d
151
1.
= 2 2 ji
ress[sin(i k )g ( k )]
k =1, Jm k 0
= 0,
g (z )sin(iz )d z
= 2 2 i
ress[g ( k )sin(i k )].
k =1, Jm k ! 0
2
g ( ) =
0 0
sin i
,
3
sin iz
d z .
z3
Z,
.
: R ,
0 , , , 0 ,0 2 .

+ + = 0.
,
. ,
= 0
f ( ) =
(i )3 + (i )5 ...
3!
P ( )
5!
i 2 d
=i
1
+ P ( ),
2
2 2
i 2
0 0
jidd = j 2 + 0( ) 0 0 = j 2 .
Z
2
= Lim 0 = j
0 0
sin iz
d z .
z3
sin iz 2i
e dd = 2 .
3
z
0
z = ei .
sin i
e 2 i
1
1
= sin iei 3 e i = sin (i cos sin ) 3 (cos i sin ) =
3 3i
e
152
1.
1
(cos i sin ) cos(i cos )sin( sin ) 13 (cos i sin )
3
cos
+ cos
cos
+ cos
e
e
e
1
e
1
=
cos( sin ) 3 cos
cos( sin ) 3 sin
2i
2
cos
cos
cos
cos
e + e
e + e
1
1
+
sin ( sin ) 3 i sin
sin ( sin ) cos =
2
2
3

= sin (i cos )cos( sin )
1
i e cos (cos( sin + )) + e cos cos( sin ) +
3
2
1
3 e cos sin( sin + ) e cos sin( sin ) .
2
:
2
Jm
=
0 0
2 cos
0 0
Re el
=
sin iz 2i
e dd =
z3
cos( sin + ) + e cos cos( sin )

dd = 0
3
sin iz 2i
e dd =
z3
0 0
cos
0 0
sin( sin ) + e cos sin( sin + )

dd = 2 2
3
3. 1,2 1.7.1.
2 .

e
e
1
1
ds +
ds =
= 2 2
2
2
2
2
S
2 3
2 3
,
.
( 1 )( 2 ) = ( 3 )( 3 )
=
S
e
e
1
1
+
ds
ds =
2 ( + 1)2 ( 3)2
2 ( 1 2 ji )2 ( 1 + 2 ji )2
S , ,

1
1+ 2 ji
1 2 ji
e3
2 e
2 e
2 e
= 2 ji + 2 ji
+ 2 ji
+ 2 ji
=
32
32
32
32
2 3 1
2 2
1
3
=
ji e + e 2 =
e + e ji.
32
8
2
2 1.7.1.
153
1.
.

.
e
dS +
1
2( + 1)( 3)( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji )
e
dS =
2( + 1)( 3)( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji )
.
.

.
1 = 2
S
e
dS
1
(
3)
=
+
+
(
)(
)(
)
ji
ji
2
1
1
2
1
2
S
1
e
dS
1
+ 1)
(
+
+
+
(
)(
)(
)
ji
ji
2
3
1
2
1
2
S
2
e
1
( 1 2 ji )
+
dS
S 2 ( + 1)( 3)( 1 + 2 ji )
3
e
1
( 1 + 2 ji )
+
dS =
+
)(
)(
)
ji
2
1
3
1
2
S
4
+ 1 = Rei + j , = 1 + Rei + j ,
= 3 + Rei + j ,
= 1 2 ji + Re

i + j
= 1 + 2 ji + Rei + j . dS = jiR 2e 2i + 2 j dd .
154
1.
i + j
lim R 0
S1
2 Rei + j
e 1+ Re
4 + Rei + j
jiR 2 ei 2 + 2 j dd +
i + j
i + j
2 2 ji Re
2 + 2 ji
Re
)(
3+ Rei + j
+ limR0
i + j
S2 2 Re
e
2 2i +2 j
4 + Rei + j
jiR
e
dd +
i + j
i + j
+ 2 2 ji Re
+ 2 + 2 ji
Re
)(
i + j
e12 ji + Re
4 ji + Re i + j
+ lim R0
jiR 2 e 2i + 2 j dd +
i + j
i + j
i + j
+ 2 2 ji Re
2 2 ji Re
S3 2 Re
)(
i + j
e1+2 ji + Re
4 ji + Re i + j
+ lim R0
jiR 2 e 2i + 2 j =
i + j
i + j
i + j
+ 2 + 2 ji Re
2 + 2 ji Re
S4 2 Re
)(
e 1
e3
e1 2 ji
e1+ 2 ji
= 2 ji
+
+
+
=
2( 4 )( 4 ) 2 4 4 2( 4 ji )( 4 ji ) 2 4 ji 4 ji
1
3
2
2 e +e
= 2 ji
ji e 1 + e 3 .
2=
32
8
2
= 2
ji e 3 + e 1 ,
8
S
2
, ,

(
S
2
e
dS =
ji e 3 + e 1 .
2
8
2 3
.
, [ ]
.
sin i
= ( )2 ( )2 dS ,
SR
SR -
SR
R > > . , - .
, ,
.
.
155
1.
, .
( )( ) = 2 ( + ) + = 0 .
3,4 = jis , =
. ,
, =
2
2
( )2 ( )2 = ( )( )(
sin i
( )( )(
SR
ji )( + ji ) .
dS .
ji )( + ji )
,
.

.
,
.
S R , R > > ,
, 3,4 ,
( + )2 ( )2
ji = =
= > >
4
4
S1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4
= , = , = + ji , = ji ,
S R .
, S1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 S R
2
.
= + + + .
SR
S1
S2
S3
S4
. .
= + re i + j .
. = 2 , = .
sin i + re i + j jir 2 e 2i + 2 j dd
re i + j 2 + re i + j ji + re i + j + ji + re i + j =
S1
=
S1
=
S1
)(
re i + j 2 + re i + j
)(
sin i + re i + j jir 2 e 2i +2 j dd
=
re i + j + jire i + j + re i + j jire i + j + r 2 e 2i + 2 j
)(
(2 + re )
2 2 i + 2 j
r e
i +j
156
1.
= lim r0
S1
sin i + re
i + j
(2 + re
)jidd = 2
r 0,
i +j
S1
ji
sin i
.
2
4
= + rei + j
= 2 , = ,
S2
sin i + re i + j jir 2 e 2i +2 j dd
=
2 + re i + j re i + j ji + re i + j + ji + re i + j
)(
( 2 + re )
r e

sin i ( + re ) jidd
sin i
= 2 ji
.
= Lim
4
( 2 + re )
2 2i + 2 j
S2
i +j
i +j
r 0
S2
= + ji + re
i + j
sin i + ji + re i + j jir 2 e 2i + 2 j dd
=
+ ji + re i + j + ji + re i + j re i + j 2 ji + re i + j
S3
r 0.
i +j
S2
)(
sin i + ji + re i + j jidd
= Limr0
S3
i +j
i +j
S3
. r 0.
(2 ji + re
sin i ( + ji + re ) jidd
= 2

(2 ji + re )
i + j
S3
ji
sin i ( + ji )
.
4 2
= ji + rei + j
S4
S4
)(
sin i ji + re i + j jidd
)(
i + j 2
i +j
S4
i +j
. r 0.
( 2 ji + re )
sin i ( ji + re ) jidd
= 2

( 2 ji + re )
= Limr0
S4
sin i ji + re i + j jir 2 e 2i + 2 j dd
=
ji + re i + j ji + re i + j 2 ji + re i + j re i + j
ji
sin i ( ji )
.
4 2
2
( )2 ( )2 ds = 2 2 ji[sin i + sin i + sin i ( + ji ) + sin i ( ji )]
SR
sin i
. .
157
1.
2
= 2 2
SR
= 8 2 ji
+ 2 sin i cos j =
ji 2 sin i
cos i
2
2
sin i
cos i
2
2
2
( )
sin i
( )2 ( )2 dS = 8
sin i
ji
SR
cos i
2
2 .
2
( )
sin iz
= ( )2 ( )2 dS z .
z
Sz SZ z
,
. f ( ) =
sin i
( )2 ( )2
:
R > > , , ,
, Z. ,
, = + re i + j ,
0 2 ,0 .
2
+
+ ji
3 =
.
2
2
r 0 ., = + re
= +
SZ
SR
i + j
= Re 2 jiress =3 f ( ) jiress = f ( ) jiress = .
lim R
= 0 .
SR
2 ji (ress = f ( ) + ress = f ( )) =
1
1
+ .
2 S 2S
, , Z.

.
f ( )

f ( ) =
sin(i i + i )
( ) ( )
2
sin i ( )cos i + sin i cos i ( )
( )2 ( )2
158
1.
( )2 ( )4
+ ... .
sin i cos i ( ) = sin i 1 +
2!
4!
sin i 1
+
(
)
P
, P ( )
( )2 ( )2
f ( ) =
sin i
sin i
= ( )2 ( )2 ds + ( )2 P( )dS =
2 2
sin i
( )2 ( )2 ds + 0 =
0 0
ji
sin i
( )2
ji
sin i
( )2

.
3 =
+ ji
,
2
2
+
+
i
ji
sin
2
sin iz
2
2
=
(z )2 (z )2 ds z = Re2 ji
2
Sz
i
j
j
sin
cos
sin
cos
2
2
2
2 =
= Re 2 2 ji
( )2
2i

e 2
( )
cos
+
2
SZ
sin iz
dS z = 2 i
2
(z )2 (z )

e 2
( )2
cos
+
.
2
159
1.
JJ =
e d
( 2 2 3) 2
, - -
= 5 .
. G , ,
.
.
e
f ( ) = 2
.
( 2 3) 2

(1.2)
1.1.2.
1 = 1, 2 = 3, 3 = 1 + 2 ji, 4 = 1 2 ji

2 2 3 = ( + 1)( 3) = ( 1 2 ji )( 1 + 2 ji ) = 0
1.6 1.64 JJ
JJ = 2 ji ress =1 f ( ) + ress = 2 f ( ) + ress = 3 f ( ) + ress = 4 f ( )
(
1.4.1,1.4.2)

1 , 2 ,
3 , 4 .
2
JJ = 2 ji ress = f ( ) + ress = f ( )
3
4

e 1 + e 3
ress =1 f ( ) + ress = 2 f ( ) =
16
e1+ 2 ji
e1 2 ji
+
=
ress =3 f ( ) + ress =3 f ( ) =
(1 + 2 ji 1 + 2 ji ) 2 (1 2 ji 1 2 ji ) 2
e1+ 2 ji + e1 2 ji e(e 2 ji + e 2 ji ) e(cos 2i + j sin 2i + cos(2i ) sin(2i ) )
=
=
=
=
16
16
16
2e cos 2i 2e(e 2 + e 2 ) e 1 + e 3
=
=
=
16
16
16
,
1
3
1
3
e d
2 e +e
2 e +e
= 2 ji
= ji
JJ =
2
2
16
8
(
2
3
)
E
,
160
1.
2 2
e d
JJ = 2
2
0 0 ( 2 3)
(.) 1.7.3.

= 3 .
1 , 2
3 , 4 ,
JJ = 2 2 2 ji (ress =3 f ( ) + ress = 4 f ( ) ) 2 2 jiress = 4 f ( ) =
= 4 2 jiress =3 f ( ) + 2 2 jiress =4 f ( )

2 2
e d
e1+ 2 ji
e1 2 ji
2
2
= 4 ji
+ 2 ji
.
JJ = 2
2
(
2
3
)
16
16
0 0
1.8.
1.8.1.
7. W=f() 0 f(0),
, jf ' (v 0 ) 0, i j .
. ,
() (W)
0
.
. ()
r
v = ( + jr )ei = R ei + ja ; a = arctg ; R = 2 + r 2
W = f (v ), 0 f ' ( v 0 ) 0
( ).
=S(t), t , ,
v 0 = R0 e i0 + j 0 . 0.
(
) 0, 0.
, W = f (v ),
W = W () = f (S (t )).

W ' (t 0 ) = f ' (v 0 )S ' (t 0 )
S ' (t 0 ) 0, i j, f ' (v 0 ) 0, i j,
W ' (t 0 ) 0, i j.
161
1.
arg v = i + ja. .
arg W ' (t 0 ) = i '+ j , arg S ' (t 0 ) = i + j .
(1.67.)
i '+ j ' = arg f ' (v0 ) + i + j .
i1 + j1 = i ( ' ) + j ( ' ).
0 W = f (v ) .
(1.64.) , f (v0 ) 0, i j , 0
arg f ' (v0 ) , ,

0
, .
3 1.
.
2. ,
, .
3.
z-. f ' (v0 ) .
, ,
.
.
. -
(v ) =
av + b
,
cv + a
(1.68.)
a, b, c, a -
d
aa bc 0 v = , ( v ) = .
c
d
v = A(i j ) , ( v ) = (i j );
c
d ad bc
=
dv (v + d )2
v
d
d
v + A(i j ).
c
c
v=
b d
.
c a
().
=
d
a
, , = , v = .
c
c
, -
.
(1.65.)
= B + / v c.
,
162
1.
v2 =
1
; v1 = e i + j , v 2 = R e iF + j ,
v1
, , - .
R=
1
, F = , = .
- ,
v1 = v e i + j ,
i
i
v = e
, .
+ jre
2
v 2 = R e iF + jPe i .

i
e i + jre i
jre i
= R e iF + jPe i .
(ei )2 + (jrei )2
R0
. 34.
.
2 i
2 2i
2 2i
4
4 4
+r e
= v e
*'
v = + r + 2 2 r 2 cos( );
= arctg
2 sin 2 + r 2 sin 2
2
cos + r cos 2
163
1.
v2 = R e
iF
+ jPe
- .
, v 2 = R e
R=
e i e i jre i
iF + j
) = e i j ,
v
1
; F = ; = .
v
(), , ,
-, -.
(. 34.)
(v v0 ) v * v 0 = R02 .
=const
(z).
. . -
:
i + j
a
va
ia + j re
(1.69.)
= e ia + j
=
e
.
"
" i + j
1 av
1 a re
a, - .
a=z+j,
"
a = z j = z + j , a = a1 + ja 2 .
"":
a) =0, =0, a=a1,
i
ia re a1
=e
;
" i ,
1 a1re
) a=0, =0, a=a2,
i
a2
i re
=e
" i ,
1 a 2 re
.
. , [7] ,
, -
,
(
).
, , :
va
, v = R e i + j = e i + j , R = 1;
1 a v
i0 + j 0
a = re
, a = r e i0 j0 ,0 < r < 1;
= e ia + j
e i + j re i0 + j 0
e i + j re i0 + j 0 i0 + j 0
=
=
=
e
i ( 0 )+ j ( 0 )
i0 + j 0
i + j
re
e
1 re
164
1.
=e
i0 + j 0 e
i ( 0 )+ j ( 0 )
1 re i ( 0 )+ j ( 0 )
= e i0 + j 0
A
.
B

e i ( 0 ) cos( 0 ) + je i ( 0 ) sin( 0 ) r =
(e i( ) cos( 0 ) r )2 + (e i( ) sin( 0 ))2 =

0
= e 2i ( 0 ) 2re i ( 0 ) cos( 0 ) + r 2 ,
B
i ( 0 )+ j ( 0 )
1 re
(1 rei( ) cos( 0 ))2 + (re i( ) sin( 0 ))2 =

0
= 1 2re i ( 0 ) cos( 0 ) + r 2 e 2i ( 0 ) ;
1
= 1.
=
B
C. . (.
35)
v a0
,
v a 0
i
i
a 0 = jr0 e 0 , r0 > 0, a 0 = jr0 e 0
,
,
0, a 0 .
. 35.

. , (z)
.
e i jr0 e i0
= 1.
=
e i + jr0 e i0

165
1.
= e ia + j
v a0
,
v a 0
a, - .
. .

1
1
(v ) = v +
v
2
(1.70.)
.
,
v = e i + j , , ; - .
, 1 2 ()
v1 +
1
1
1
= 0.
= v2 +
, (v1 v 2 )1
v1
v2
v
v
1 2
, ()
,
v1v 2 = 1, v1v 2 = e i (i j ).
() - , v = 1
.

(v ) = W + jR =
1
1
1
= ei cos + jei sin + e i cos j e i sin =
1
1
1
= e i + e i cos + j e i e i sin .
W=
i
1
1
cos cos + i sin + cos sin =
1
1
1
cos + cos + i sin .
i
1
1
R = sin cos + i sin + cos + sin =
1
1
1
sin cos + i + sin .
W =
1
1
+ 2 cos 2 e iF1 cos = R1e iF1 cos ;
2 +
2
2
166
1.
R=
1
1
2 cos 2 e iF2 sin = R2 e iF2 sin .
2 +
2
2
,
(z). =const. =0,
(v ) =
1
1
1
+ cos + i sin .
C3
C1
C4
C2
0
-1
+1
. 36.
,
.
(z). .36
, .
, .
, C1, C2, C3, Ci
R=
2
2
2
2
(v ) = cos cos sin sin .

2
2
2
2
(v ) = cos cos sin sin e j arctg i (tg tg ) = Rm e iFm .

167
1.
R2=R1, :
2 2 = 1 + 1 ; 2 2 = 1 1 ,
. .
, , F1=F2
. , , ,
.
j. ,
4 (. 36).
W+jQ
i
C'1
u
C1
C'1
C'
iy
x
. 37. ,
,
""
. .
() x=a (.
37).
,
2
v=
a
1
+

2
Q=0 z - ,
C11 1, z -.
168
1.
, =0, =,
. (. 37).
169
2. ,

.. , , , , z- (Y). ,
.

. , .
1. Z-
C.A. (1910 ) , . , i- ,
P=
i
[ f ' ( )]2 d .
2C
, , -
P = A
2
V .
2
(2.1.)
, , R, [7]
ln z
2i
V
X (z ) = V z + R 2 ,
z
i
- .
V = V e
(z ) = f (z ) = V z + R 2 +
ln z.
z
2i
, z > R
, .
z < R . T ,
. . .
,
170
2. ,
, , ,
,
. .
, , ..
.

.
,
, .
.. .. ,
.
.
f ' (z )
, R e

f ' (z ) = V (e i ei 2i )
, . -
i i
e ,
2R
=0
V (1 e 2i )
i i
=0
e
2R
( )
= 4R sin ( ) .

.
, . arctg i ,
.
,
arctg i = arctg
Im f ' (z )
.
Re f ' (z )
arg f ' (z ) = arctg i.

= 0 ,
f ' (z ) = e 2i
cos
sin ;
2R
2R
171
2. ,
cos
2
R
arctg i = arctg
;
cos 2
sin
2R
sin 2
= 2R e i i i e 2i = 2R
e +i e i
= 4R sin .
i
, , .

.
: (
arctg i ), .
2.
(Y) . (Y), , .
,
.
.
, r = const , = const .
d , , , (2.1.)
ijPd = Aijd ij
2
d .
2

V = f ' ( ) = ei + j ,
, - .
(. 29)
= f ' ( )e i j ,
, ,
2
2
ij [ f ' ( )] e 2i 2 j d = ij [ f ' ( )] d ,
2
2
2 i 2 j
= e i j d = d .
de
P=
i j.
172
2. ,
,
.
r = const, = const.
2 , .
, - ,
P = ij
[ f ' ( )]2 d .
(2.2.)
.. , , .
(Y) , (.
38).
V=Uei +j
C3
i
V=U
z
e cos
V6 =U ei sin
. 38. ,
.
, , , , z.
,
(. 38).
(z) -
f (z ) =
1 f ( )d
,
2i C z
res f (a ) =
1
f (z )dz = C1 ,
2i
173
2. ,
C C
= f (z ) = + 1 + 22 + ! .
z
z z
( ).
(Y)
(1.52),
P = j .
, 3, . -
= e i + j .

.
, .
i j
, , V = e
.
,
X ( ) = V +
V R 2
.
ln ,
4i + 2j

V R 2
+
( ) = f ( ) = V +
ln .
4i + 2j
(2.3.)
V = e i j ,
, - .
, ,
V = 1 ei1 + j 2 ei 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 .
.

,
' ( ) = 0 .
.
2 +
R 2 e 2i + 2 j = 0 ,
(4i + 2j )
,
174
2. ,
2 + 4 2 (4i + 2j ) R 2
=
,
(4i + 2i )2
2
,
. ,
= 4 (4i + 2 j ) R
( ).
, (. 36).
arctg
1
.
2i
.
.
i + j
,
= R e
f ' (v ) = v e i j e i j +i + j e i + j i j +
(4i + 2j )v R
e i j + i + j e i + j i j =
= 2i sin( )cos( ) 2 j cos( )sin( ).
:
A = 2i sin( )cos( ) ;
B = 2 cos( )cos( ) .
,
2 1
= i + j
,
(4i + 2j ) R 3 3 2R
= X.
2R
2 1
f ' ( ) = e i j A X i + X + B .
3 3
f ' ( ) = A X + X + B .
3
,
2
2
X = 2 A + B A + 4 AB + 2 B

= 2 R 2 A + B A2 + 4 AB + 2 B 2 .
175
2. ,
.
z .. :
= 0 , A = 0, = 2 sin( )
= 4R sin ( );
= 0 , B = 0, A = 2 sin( )
= 4R sin ( )
( ).
, :
= 6R sin ( );
= 6R sin ( ) .
,
.

, . :
f ' (z ) = 0 ,
arg f ' (z ) = arctg i
,
f ' ( ) = R e i (i j ) .
.
, , , , .
.
.

.
.
,
2 1

f ' ( ) = e i j A X i + X + B j
3 3

2
2
2
1
A X = B + X ,
, ia + j a
, arctg i
(ai )2 + ( j )2
= 2 ,
= 0 0;
arg = arctg i .
176
2. ,
f ' ( )
A B =
1
2
1
+
=
.
6 R 6 R 2 R
2 sin( )cos( ) + 2 cos( )sin( ) =

1
= cos( )sin( ) sin( )cos( ) =
4 R
= 4R [cos( )sin ( ) sin ( )cos( )] .
:
= 0 , =
1 = 4R sin ( ) ;
= 0 , =
2 = 4R sin ( ).
.
(2.4.) (2.3.)
V R 2
1
=V 2 +
,
(4i + 2j ) v
dv
v
i j
V = V e

2
2
V V R 2
V 1
V2 R 2
2
1

=
+
V
2
2
(4i + 2j ) v
v2
v4
(4i + 2j )2 v 2
dv
V R 2
2
(4i + 2j )v 3
(2.2.)
2
1
2

2V V R 2
= 2
2
v (4i + 2j )
dv
ji 2
2
2V V R 2 =
2 ji
2
2
(4i + 2j )
P=
2
=
2V V R 2
2
(4i + 2j )
P = i V
.. ,
,
, .
177
2. ,
, - , .
, , 1,
= 4i + 2j .
,
. .
, ..
. , , , .
, ,
3
f ( 0 ) =
f ( )d
8 3ijK ( 0 )3
res f (a ) =
1
3
f ( )d
8 ijK
= C 3 ,
> C . . .
178
3.

3.1.

.
, 10
c = 2.988 10 / c
""
, , ct.

1, 2 = c 2 (t2 t1 )2 (x2 x1 )2 ( y 2 y1 )2 ( 2 1 )2
1/ 2
1 2.
: "
".

.
[8].

, :
x = x ' ch + ct ' sh
ct = y = x ' sh + ct ' ch
- .

2 2
2
2 2
2
c t x = c t ' x'
,
,
.
ij
ct + jix = x ' ch + jix' ch + ct ' ch + jict ' sh =

x ' (sh + jich ) + ct ' (ch + jish ) = (x '+ jict' )(sh + jich )

:
x
jarctgi
2 2
2
ct ;
ct + jix = c t x e
x '+ jict ' = ji c 2t ' 2 x ' 2 e
jarctgi
sh + jich = jiearctgi (th ).
x'
ct ' ;
179
3.

c 2t 2 x 2 e
jarctgi
x
ct =
x'
jarctgi + jarctgi (th )
ct '
c 2t ' 2 x' 2 e
, K', x' = 0
.
x = ct ' sh , ct = ct ' ch .
x
= th = ,
ct
c

x
jarctgi
ct =
c 2t 2 x 2 e
x'
jarctgi
jarctgi
ct ' e
c
c 2t ' 2 x ' 2 e
(3.1.)
, .

c 2t 2 x 2 = c 2t ' 2 x ' 2 .

x
x'
jarctgi = jarctgi + jarctgi

ct
ct '
c,
x
=
ct c K,
x' '
=
ct ' c K',
arctg
'
i +i
x'
arctgi + arctgi = arctg c c

'
ct '
c
1+
c2
'+
'
1+ 2
c
(3.2.)

. , , , t
:
180
3.

x=
x'+ ct '
2
, y = y ' , = ' , .

1
v
V
t '+ x'
c2
t=
.
2

1
c
,
(. 39)
, < c .
t
V=C
. 39. ,
,
.
,

V ' = c, (3.2.) = c . , V ' = c,
2

1 = 0 0
c
x, t .
, , ,
.
= c
- - .
- - , (. 40).
181
3.

=ei +jre i
/2
. 40. -
.
-

( = c (3.1.)
0e jarctgi = 0e jarctgi .
: -
, ' . .
, < c ,

> c ,
, /2. > c
, .
k
0 , .
x ict , t ix '

. k
, /2
k'.
, c - ,
.
, ,
.
(3.2.) , = c , ' = c . ,
.
182
3.

3.2.
- , ,
.
,
.
x =
dx
dy
dz
, y = , z = ,
dt
dt
dt
, ,
2

1
c
, [9]
U =
,
2
2

1
1

c
c
, .
,
.

U =
c

1
c
+ ji

1
c
jarctgi
c
U = ce
(3.3.)
, U
,
, , arctgi
, -
c
. ,
,
= c ,
U = ce jarctgi =
c
c
i+
j = (i + j ) .
0
0
, ,
, ,
.
183
3.

,

.

-. ci ,
.

c -.
. ,
/2 (. 41),
.
= c ,
U = ce jarctgi
C3
jC
K3
C 3'
1
2'
n
2
. 41. ,

.
:
m0 c 2
2
E = mc =
;
2
p = mV =

1
c
m0V

1
c
m0 - ',
; m - .
184
3.

(Y)
pc
2
jarctgi
jarctgi
E
E

c.
E = m ce
p = jip = p 2 e
0
, K' , ,
m0 c .

m0 , p :
E2
p 2 = m02 c 2 ;
2

2
E
m0 c = p 2
E
pc
= ,p=
.
2
E c
c
m0 c .
E
= p , = c ,
c
(3.4.)
v = 0e jarctgi = m0ce jarctgi 0
(3.4) -

.
-
(3.5.)
v = 0 = m0
, ,
,
-.
arctgi ,
m0 . , -
,
,
.
< c > c .

p ,U .
185
3.

m0 c
m0
+ ji
E = p U =
2
2

1
1 c
+ ji
=
2
2
1
1
c
c
m0c 2 + m0c 2

1
c
+ 2 ji
m0c + m0c 2

1
c
= m0c 2 e
2
c
jarctgi
2

1
c
c
jarctgi
2

1
c
2
E = m0 c 2 e

, 0
.

E = m0 c 2
E .
:
2
1+
2
c ;E = m c
c .
E1 = m0c 2
2
0
2
2

1
1
c
c
0 ,
c
E1 = m0c 2 , E2 = 0 .
c
E1 = m0c 2 , E2 = 0
186
3.

1 ,
c
E1 = m0 c 2 e jarctgi .
,
E1 /2 2.
.
3.3.
x , y , z , K ' x , ' y , ' z
', X,
:
2
2
' y 1
' z 1
'x V
c
c
x =
; y =
; z =
.
'x V
'x V
'x V
1+
1+
1+
2
2
c
c2
c
' x +
jarcti
' x
c 1+ 2
c

U = ce
(3.6.)
: '
c, -
' x = c , (3.3.);
U ' = ce jarcti
'

U = ce jarcti .
.
,
.
,
. ,

1

1
c
187
3.

-
.
, , -
.
.
- ,
.
3.4.
3.4.1.
,
, .
.
.
.
dS . dS > 0 ,
dS < 0 , dS = 0 .
, ,
() .

. ,

(X ,Y , Z , cT )
X , Y , Z , cT .

(3.4.1.)
UX
/
T =
c 2 ; X / = X UT ; Y / = Y ; Z / = Z .
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
T=
UX /
/
c 2 ; X = X + UT ; Y = Y / ; Z = Z /
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
T/ +
,
.. ( 8).
, U.

1)
(3.4.2.)
dS 2 = c 2T 2 dX 2 dY 2 dZ 2
2
dS 2 = c 2T / dX / dY / dZ /
(3.4.3.)
2) .
188
3.

3) U X .
.
(X 1 , Y1 , Z1 , T1 ), (X 2 , Y2 , Z 2 , T2 ) ,
X 2 > X 1 , T2 > T1 ,
X X 1 U (T2 T1 )
X 2 / X 1/ = 2
U2
1 2
c
U
T2 T1 2 (X 2 X 1 )
c
T2/ T1/ =
U2
1
c2
(3.4.4.)
(3.4.5.)
X 2 X1
0
T2 T1
(3.4.6.)
(3.4.4.) (3.4.5.)
(3.4.7.)
X / 2 X 1/ = (X 2 X 1 )
U2
1 2
c
U
1 2
c
T2/ T1/ = (T2 T1 )
U2
1 2
c
1
(3.4.8.)

2
S12
= c 2 (T2 T1 )2 (X 2 X 1 )2
(3.4.9.)
3.4.2.

. (3.4.7) (3.4.8)
(3.4.10.)
dS = c T / T / + ji X / X /
12
) (
(3.4.10)
dS12 = c 2 T2/ T1/

/
) (X
2
= arg dS12 = arctgi
/
2
X 1/
X 2/ X 1/
c T2/ T1/
(3.4.11.)
(3.4.12.)
(3.4.11.) , (3.4.10.)
189
3.

(3.4.13.)
dS 21, 2 = dS12
(3.4.7.) (3.4.8.)
dS12 = c(T2 T1 )
U
U
c 2 + ji (X X )
2
1
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
(3.4.14.)
(3.4.15.)
U
U
1 2
1
2
2
c
2
(X 2 X 1 )
dS12 = c (T2 T1 )
2
2
U
U
1
1
c
c
dS1,2 ,
2
dS 1,2 = dS12 .
U
X X1
= arctgi 2
c(T2 T1 ) 1 U
c2
1
(3.4.16.)
,
.
(3.4.17.)
j /
j
/
dS
= dS12e
12 e
dS , , dS12 , (3.4.11.), (3.4.12.), (3.4.15.),

(3.4.16.).

(3.4.18.)
dS / = dS , / = .
12
12
.

U , , c , .
.

.
.

=
,
2
.

.
,

190
3.

. ,
/
. = + i , = + i .
1.41, 1.4
(3.4.19.)
X/ X/
cos
c
1
= arctg
2
2
X 2/ X 1/
1
/
/
c
T
T
2
1
2
T2/
1
T1/
,
= 0 .
(3.4.20.)
X/ X/
/ = arctg
2
T2/
1
T1/
c
= 0,
X 2/ X 1/
X / X 1/
+
1 2 2/
sin
/
c T / T /
c
T
T
1
2
1
2
1
/
1.41 = ln
2
X 2/ X 1/
X / X 2/
+
1 + 2 2/
sin
c T / T /
c T2 T1/
2
1
= 0 ,
2
= 0.
2
c U
1
1
c2
= = arctg
2
U
2 1

1
c 1 U
c2
U
1
= arctg
U
c 1
c2
1
(3.4.21.)
, .

(3.4.22.)
/ =
S12/ , S12
/
= c 2 T2/ T1/
dS12
) (X
2
/
2
X 1/ e j =
= c 2 (T2 T1 )2 (X 2 X 1 )2 e j
(3.4.23.)
191
3.

X 2/ X 1/
, = arctg
,
c T2/ T1/
U
1
= arctg
c 1 U
c2
/
c2
U =

U
U2
1
= 1 2 . = .
2
c
.
/
2
/
/
. c T2 T1 = 0 .
(3.4.8.)

X 2/ X 1/
) j=
2
c 2 (T2 T1 )2 (X 2 X 1 )2 j .
ji
X 2/
X 1/
) = ji(X
X1 )
c2
1 2
c2
U =
,
X 2/
X 1/
U2
= ( X 2 X1) 1 2
c
(3.4.24.)
c2
, U =
.
/2
S12 = l , l / - .

(3.4.7.) ,
c2
U =

= cos
+ j sin = j .
2
2
192
3.

, ,
U = (3.4.7.)
/
X 2 X 1 = 0 .
(3.4.8.)
U
U2
1 2 = 1 2 . (3.4.8.)
c
c
T2/
T1/
= (T2 T1 )
U2
1 2
c
(3.4.25.)
.
.
U = = arctg 0 = 0 .
X 2/ X 1/ = 0.

c 2 T2/ T1/ e j 0 = c 2 (T2 T1 )2 (X 2 X 1 )2 e j 0 .

T2/
T1/
X 2 X 1 )2
(
) = c(T2 T1 ) 1 c 2 (T T ) .
2
1
= U (3.4.25.)
,
, ,
,
, .
3.4.3.

C
U . , -
dS1, 2 ,

dS 21,2 = [c (T2 T1 ) + ji (X 2 X 1 )][c (T2 T1 ) ji (X 2 X 1 )] =

2
= dS12 e j dS12 e j = dS12 .

,
c (T2 T1 ) = (X 2 X 1 )

2
dS12,2 = c 2 (T2 T1 ) (1 + ji )(1 ji ) = 0 . , ,
,

,
/ = = arctgi , dS1,2 = c (T2 T1 ) 0 .
,
193
3.

dS12 = c(T2 T1 ) 0e
jarctgi
= c(T2 T1 )(1 ji ) 0
(3.4.26.)

. .

= .
2
.

(3.4.20.) (3.4.21.). ,

.
)(
) (
2 X 2/ X 1/ c T2/ T1/
1
= arctg
2
2
c2 T / T / X / X /
/
U U
1 1 2
c
c
1
arctg
2
2
2
2
U U
1 2 1
c c
: U = , = 0, (X 2/ X 1/ ) = 0, / = 0 ,
.
c2
U = , = 0, (T2/ T1/ ) = 0, / = 0.
.
. ,
= arctgi , = ,
2
. (3.4.16.)
= 1 , arctg
U
c 1
c2
2
2
2
U
U
1
= 1 .
c
c2
,
i
, .
U
U
U U
= 1 2 1 + = 1 + .
c c
c c
c
U
= 1
.
c
c
194
3.

U
= 1 . ,
c c
c
U
= 1 .
c
c
dS12
1 +
. .
,
U=
T2/ T1/ = 0
c2
,
U
= 1, = 1. U = ,
c
c
dS12 ,
X 2/ X 1/ = 0 ,
U
= 1.
c

U = c .
c2
. U =

(3.4.7.),
X 2/
X 1/
= (X 2 X 1 )
U
1
c
U
1
c
= (X 2 X 1 )
U
1 .
c
(3.4.7.) (3.4.8.)
U ,
U = ,U =
c2

, cos , sin .
(3.4.26.),

X ,
2
dS1/,2 (1 + ji ) = c 2 (T2 T1 )2 (1 + ji ) = (X 2 X 1 )2 (1 + ji ).
,
:
c 2 T2/ T1/
) = c (T
2
2
/
/
2 T1 ) , X 2 X 1
) = (X
2
X 1 )2 .

.
,
-,
/
, = = arctgi .
195
3.

0 . jix
-,
0 , 40
, 3.1 (3.4.)
(3.5.)
3.4.4.
.., .. [14]
. .
dt , ,
,
(3.4.27.)
dx 2 + dy 2 + dz 2
, dt /
. .. dx / = dy / = dz / = 0 ,
, ,
(3.4.28.)
12
2 2
2
2
2
2 /2
dS
= c t dx dy dz = c dt

(3.4.29.)
dx 2 + dy 2 + dz 2
dt = dt 1
c 2 dt 2
dx 2 + dy 2 + dz 2
= U 2 , U ,
2
dt
/
ds
U2
(3.4.29.) dt =
= dt 1 2 .
c
c
/
, t2 t1 .
(3.4.30.)
t2
2
t / 2 t /1 = dt 1
t1
U
c2
.

.
(3.4.27.)
, .

. . , .
,
.
. ,
.
dS1,2 = dS12 = cdt + jidX = c 2 dt 2 dX 2 , dX

(3.4.27.)
/
dS12 ,dS12
196
3.

dS12 =
dX
jarctgi
cdt , dS /
dS12 e
12
/
= dS12
e
jarctgi
dX /
dt /
.
/
. dX = 0 ,
, dX = 0 .
.
dt = dt / . .
dX dX /
=
,
cdt cdt /
/
. , dX = 0 ,
dX = 0. dX 0 .
U = 0. dX / = 0 .
/
dT = dT .
dX dX / U
=
= .

cdt cdt / c
U2
U2
/
cdt 1 2 = cdt 1 2 ,
c
c
U
. U = c ,
c
cdt 0 = cdt / 0 0 , = arctgi .
/
cdt (1 + ji ) = cdt (1 + ji ). ,
/
dt = dt . .
U
dt 2 dx
dx Udt
c
dX / =
.
, dt =
2
2
U
U
1 2
1 2
c
c
= arctgi
dX / .
B
/
dX = dx + Udt . dx = 0, dX = 0, U = 0
U = 0.
.
dX
dx / = 0
Udt /
U2
1 2
c
, dt
dx / = 0
dt /
U2
1 2
c
cdt + jidX = c dt dX e
jarctgi
dX
cdt
197
3.

= cdt 1
dX 2
2
c dt
jarctgi
dX
cdt
= cdt 1
U2
c2
jarctgi
(3.4.31.)
U
c
cdt /
1
=
U
c2
c 2 dt /
+ ji
Udt /
1
U2
1 2
c
U
c2
U 2 dt /
U2
1 2
c
jarctgi
U
c
= cdt e
jarctgi
(3.4.32.)
U
c
(3.4.33.)
jarctgi
U 2 jarctgi c
c
= cdt / e
cdt 1 2 e
c
U2
, cdt = cdt 1
,
c2
/
.
/
U = 0. dt = dt.
.

. .. [8] ,

(3.4.34.)
ds 2 = c 2 dT 2 dX 2 dY 2 dZ 2

x = X UT ; t = T ; y = Y ; z = Z
(3.4.35.)

X = x + Ut; T = t; Y = y; Z = z
(3.4.36.)
X , Y , Z , T - .
3.4.36, , (3.4.34.)
(3.4.37.)
U2
ds 2 = c 2 dt 2 1 2 2Udxdt dx 2 dy 2 dz 2
c
(3.4.37.)
2
(3.4.38.)
U2 U
dx
2
2
ds = c dt 1 2 2
c
c
U2
1 2
2
dx dy 2 dz 2
U2
1
c2
198
3.

U2 U
T = t 1 2 2
c
c
x
X/ =
U2
c2
(3.4.39.)
U2
1 2
c
(3.4.40.)
; Y / = y; Z / = z
ds 2 = c 2dT / dX / dY / dZ /
(3.4.41.)
(3.4.35.) (3.4.39.) (3.4.40.),

(3.4.42.)
UX
c 2 ; X / = X UT ; Y / = y; Z / = z.
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
/
X
/
T =
(3.4.35.),
x = X UT = 0 , X = UT .
2
2 2
(3.4.41.) ds = c dt U t dy dz ,
U2
U2
T = T 1
= t 1 2 ; X / = 0; Y / = y; Z / = z. T / = T ,
2
c
c
/
(3.4.41.) (3.4.34.).
U = 0 .
3.4.5.
.
-
. ,
. ,
. :
, , .
L .
, .
.
.
U ,
.

. t1
. t 2 .
Ut1 ,
L + Ut1 , ct1 . ,
199
3.

L
,
c U
. L Ut 2 .
L
.
ct 2 = L Ut 2 t 2 =
c +U
L
2
2 Lc
c .
=
t1 + t 2 =
2
2
c U
U2
1
c2
ct1 = L + Ut1 . t1 =

.
,
( ct3 ) = (L ) + (Ut3 ) , L = c t3 U t3 ,
2
2 2
2 2
L
c
t 3 =
.
2
U
1 2
c
L
2
c .
2t3 =
U2
1 2
c

. . .
1892 .
.. - ..
.
L0 ,
U
L = L0 1
U2
.
c2
U2
L
2 1 2
1
c
c =2L
t1 + t 2 =
. t1 + t2 = 2t3 .
2
c
U2
U
1 2
1 2
c
c
, ,
.
,

-. ,
.
200
3.

U c C U .
U c = c jiU ,U c = c + jiU .
U2
= c 1 2 .
c
U c
L
c
t1 =
.
2
U
1 2
c
t 2 , . ,
2L
c
.
t1 + t 2 =
2
U
1 2
c
.
(ct3 )2
2L
c
.
= L2 + ( jiU )2 . 2t3 =
2
U
1 2
c

.
/
x, t , x , t
.
/
x =
x Ut
U2
1 2
c
; ct / =
U
x
c
.
2
U
1 2
c
ct
ct / + jix / =
(3.4.43.)
U
x
x Ut
c
+ ji
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
ct
,
2
/2
/2
c t x = c t x ,
201
3.

x /
x Ut
.
arctgi
= arctgi
/
U
ct
ct x
c
. x Ut = 0 ,
x / = 0
x = 0, U = 0 .
/
ct = ct .
U
x U
= 0 , 1 , x = Ut .
c
ct c
U2
ct 1 2
c
U2
/
ct =
= ct 1 2 .
c
U2
1 2
c
ct
.
,
jix. :
c t
U2
U
U x
1
,
=
x = ct 1
c
t
c
c c t
c
x = Ut . t = 0 , ct = 0, x = 0.
U
= 1 , ct / = 0, x / = 0 .
c
x U
U
, x 0, t 0, 1

c t c
c
U
/
t = 0 ct = x.
c
2
U
1 2
2
x Ut
c = jix 1 U
jix / = ji
= jix
c2
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
t 0,
U2
x = x 1
.
c2
/
.
/
: ct = x

(3.4.44.)
ct / (1 + ji ) = x (1 + ji ) = ct / 0e jarctgi = x 0e jarctgi
202
3.

ct

U
x = x Ut
c
U
x
x Ut
c
(
(1 + ji ) =
1 + ji ) =
2
2
U
U
1 2
1 2
c
c
U
ct x
x Ut
c
=
0e jarctgi =
0e jarctgi
U2
U2
1 2
1 2
c
c
c t
(3.4.45.)

.
.

U
.
c
, (3.4.43.)
x = ct , S12 = c 2 t 2 x 2 = ct 0 ,
U
c t 1
x Ut
c
= arctgi .
arctgi
x = ct = arctgi
U
U
ct x
c t 1
c
c
ct / 0e jarctgi = ct 0e jarctgi ,
ct / = ct . x / = x .
.
.
.
.
x = ct
x U
= = 1 . ,
c t c

.
. ,
.
, ,

. ,

.
,
.
203
3.

.
- .
.

.
,
,
, i- ,
U = c
dS12 = ct (1 + ji ) = ct 0e jarctgi , dS12 = x (1 + ji ) = x 0e jarctgi
ct 0 = x 0 0 .
, 0 ,

.
,

.
204
4.
4.1.
.
.
, . ,

2 f
1 2 f
(4.1.)
=
x 2 c s2 t 2
- () c s -
, x ,
E y,
2E
1 2E
(4.2.)
=
2
2
2
c - .
(4.2) . (4.1.), (4.2.)
,
. .
. ,
.
,
2
2

x 2
c 2 t 2

= f (x ct ) + g (x + ct ) ,
f (x ct ), g (x + ct ) x (. 42, . 43).
t=0
Cs t
t
Cs
x
. 42.

= ix + jy , y = ct ,

f ( )
f ( ) = iU (x, ct ) + jV (x, ct )
205
4.
jCs t
iu
ix
. 43.
-
f ' (1.26.)
f ' ( ) =
1 U 1
ji
= ji
+
.
x
x
c t c t
(4.3.)
, .
ix + jy , -.
, (.
43).
(4.3) , .
2U
1 2U
=
= 0.
2
2
2
(. 44),
E H)
- .
Cs t
.44.

, f (ix + jy )
, ,
.
, (ix + jy ) ,
.
,
. ,
.
2E 2E 2E 1 2E
(4.4.)
= 0.
+
+
2
2
2
2
2
206
4.

. , x, ,
, , .
, .

, (4.4), x, ,
r
r = x2 + y2 + 2 .
(4.4)
, .
2
2
(r )
2
c 2 t 2
(r ) = 0.
r
r
f t + g t
c
c,
=
r
(4.5.)
(. 45).
(4.5) . ,

C1 C2
V1
V1
1
C2
C
C'
1
K
V2
V2
. 45.
, ,
, .
.
.
,
= ir + jct ,
r.
207
4.
r -,
1
f (ir + jct )
r
. ,
- .
-, -
,
, - .
, f ( ) , ,
,
. ,
, (. 46)
iy
x
ict
. 46.
, ,
.
,
.

f ( ) = U + iV + jP + jiQ ,
U, V, P, Q x, y , ,
:
2U 2U
2U 2U
2U 2U
2U 2U
+
= 0;
+
= 0;
+
= 0;
+
=0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2U 2U
2U 2U
= 0;
= 0.
x 2 2
y 2 2

2U 2U 2U 2U
.
+
+
+
U =
2
2
2
2
ct
2U 2U 2U 1 2U
+
+
= 0.
2
2
2
2
2
208
4.
f ,
= x + iy + j ( ct ) = ( j jct + x ) + iy .
ij
ict , /2
j (. . 46).
i jct + x
iy, .
1.
x + iy + j ( ct )
U =e
= U + iV + jP + jiQ ;
U = e x cos y cos( ct );
V = e x sin y cos( ct );
P = e x cos y sin( ct );
Q = e x sin y sin( ct );
U, V, P, Q .
2.
ln = W + jR = ln x + iy + j ( ct ) + jarctg
ct
.
x + iy
W, R .
, - ,
, C3,
.
.
4.2. .
,

U = c s i + j
c s .
c s ,V .
,
2 jarctgi

cs
,
U = c s 1 e
c
s

2
U = c s i + j = c s 1
cs
209
4.
arg U = jarctgi
cs
:
a)
< 1 ; b)
= 1 ; c)
> 1;
cs
cs
cs
) , .
) 0 , arctg i. , , .
, - . )
,
/2.
, ,
, 90 .
,
, , .
(,

).
, , ,
. ,
,
.
, , ,
.

f ( ) .

f ' ( ) = 0 ,
.
.

f ' ( ) = 0 , arg f ' ( ) = arctgi ,
.
" "
.
. - .
4.3. .
.
, (1.52, 1.56)
, ,
, ,
, .
.
,
210
4.
, . ,
n-
f ( 0 ) =
(2 )n
!
n 1
f ( )d n 1
( 0 )n 1
n 1 - n-1 - ; 0 , , n 1 - ;
n- , C-n
n - . -
( 1.56)
n- , 3,
,
, ,
. .

. -,

.
C'3
C3
r 1
r 2
. 47. .

-
,
.
211
4.

. 3
- .
j arctg i
C'3
C''3
K1arctg j
K2arctg j K1
C3
D2
D1
D3
. 48.
"" 3,

.
, , ,
. n-
212
4.
,

,
. ,
.
. 47 ,
, "" .
,
, ,
, , ,
, . 48,
. .
3 ( 3) '3
, , ,
'3 "3:
; '3,
'3 .
.
4.4.
,
1, 2 (. 49) . ,
.
, . . , , -
. .

= (x + iy ) + j (x1 + iy1 ) = z + i ,
,
(1, i, j), .
, .
1- i j ,
.
.
f , 1, 2, ,
,
(1,i, j).
-
:
= z + j i = (z i ) + (i + j ) = z + 0e jarctgi .
.
, z,
0 , .
, , (. . 44)
,
k = (z1 + j 1 ) + k 1 (z 2 + j 2 ) .
(1, i, j)k1.
213
4.

k = z + 0iz1e jarctgi + 0e karctgi 0e jarctgi z 2 ,
z, z1, z2 - .
r2
r1
C3
-S
j
C'3
+S
2
C3
. 49.
, ,
, -
, k . ,
jarctgi (
k . k -,
z1 + j 1 = z 2 + j 2 0 .
:
k = z 0e karctgj e j .

z1 + j 1 = z 2 + j 2 = 0
-
k = ze j + ky 0 0e karctgj
jarktgi
, , y -
214
4.
(1, i, j)k1 (i, j) (1, i, j)

, ,
, - .
- . -,
.
: ,
, , .
, -,
( ).
,
(. 50).
. ,
3 - -
.
, .
- ,
- (. 51).
, -
. -,
, ,
. .
- .
3,'3, "3
- .
. , -
.
E
kj
ki
j
. 50. ,

, 3,
, , ,

E = m0 c s2 e jarctgi = m0 c s2 ,
215
4.
2
=
cs
1 +
cs
E = m0 c s2 .
E1
1
C'3
E2
r1
C3
r2
E'1
2
C3
E'2
.
51.
,
,

E
.
:
g1 =
< 1; g 2 = > 1;
cs
cs
216
4.
E g1 = E g 2 ;
g=
= 1.
cs
.

t ~ E / m0 c s2 .
t1 > t c s
c s1
m0 c s2 m1c s21 e jarctgi .
,
e njarctgi + jarctgi ,
n , -
.
2
. = , E = m0 c s .
= ,
.
E
E = E m0 c s2
,
=2
s
m0 c s2

1
cs
jarcti
cs
=0 , = c s

E = m0 c s2
,
- ,
.
.
,
E = E 0 + E1 (1 ji ),

m0 c s2
cs

1
cs
217
4.
2
cs
cs
+ m0 c s2
E = m0 c s2
0e jarctgi .
2

1+
1
cs
cs
1
,
, .
.
:
E = m0 c s2
cs
1
cs
lim
2
cs
cs
jarctgi
cs
= m0 c s2
cs
1
cs
e jarctgi
,
.
.
- , .
, : ( )
.
, ,
, . ,
.
.
.
-
.

, ,
C 3

-.
1, 2, 3
n- -
,

.

218
5. .

5.1.

,

,
.
,
.. ,
, , ,
z .
:
.
,
, .

.
,
. (
)
- n- .
, ,
..
,
.
4-, , n-
, 2 n .
2
=
Pi = C N
N (N 1)
.
2
2
N C N z
:
N=1
C=0
Z=0
N=2
C=1
Z=1
N=3
C=3
Z=3
N=4
C=6
Z=6
N=5
C=10
Z=10
Ne10
.
219
5. .
. 1,3,6
,

.
. 1
.
.. . 52.

. 53.
:
N=6
C=15
Z=15
P15
14 ,
15 :
N=7
C=21
Z=21
P21
,
20 - 21 .
18, .
, 9
.
A18 ,
10 11 :
N=8
=28
Z=28
Ni23
.
:
N=9
=36
Z=36
Kr36
4- . ,
36 - 9 :
N=10
=45
Z=45
Rh45
5- .
. , ,
,
, .
Rh45
:
N=1
=55
Z=55
z55
5- e54.
,
:
N=12
C=66
Z=66
Du66
N=13
C=78
Z=78
Pt78
,
. , .
:
N=14
C=91
Z=91
Pa91
N=15
C=105
Z=105
EKA-TA
220
,,

,,
,,,
,9

9
9,

9,,
9,,,

,;
,,;

4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
52

52
5 2 5+
,9
,,,

52
5+
52

/L
%H

.

5E

$J

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)U
>@

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=U

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1

$F/U
.X
&

1D

3E

1E

6E

7D

1V
>@

%L

9,
5+
9,,,
9,,

52
52
5 2 5+

+H

&U

6H
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7H

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3R
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4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
4
3
2
1
0
/
.
>@
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3X

7P

6P

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<E

(X

>@

>@

/U

/X

>@

5. .
Z=105 (. . 52, . 53).

-
9-10 .
- ,
9 . ,
,
105
~ 11.666!
9
-.
, .
n
, c = 3 10 / ,
3 2
G = 6.67 10 /
h = 1 0.5 10 2 / c , c g = (he )1 / 2 , G
137 = 11.704698 .

re
e2
1
=
=
,
a=
e
hc
137
e
e- ; re ; .
, e, ,

. -
- .
, ,
.
:
N=16
C=120
Z=120
N= 17
C=136
Z=136
N=18
C=153
Z=153
N=19
C=171
Z=171
:
120, 136. 153, 171
.
[10].
N-
,
. . ,
.
225
5. .
, ,
9-10 .
,
, .
Ne10, Ar18, Ni28, Kr36, Xe54
. (. 53) e54 .
, -;
Du66. 8 . -
.

6 .
. Nd60
Du66 a- . a-
Hf72. ,
8 9 : 6 2
.
(. 52). ,
7-8- -
.
(. 53). U92 11
.
.
, .
4:6 = 2:3
e54, Sr38 -, - .
.
,
.
. 53
.
.
.
,
,
, :
N- .
,
.
.
. . [8].
226
5. .
5.2.

,
,
E =
Z
P
(5.1)
Z - ; - ; P-
- - .

9-10 .

, , ,
Z
- .
24
Ne10
191,1.
- : =191,1.
. 2
(5.1)
.
10 .
.
9,5-10 .
,
.
,
.
5.3.
:
( ct ),
[7].

,
.
. . [8] ,

.
[11],

. ,
, -
.
227
5. .
, -
,
- .
, ,
, 1/2.

:
.
[10],
.

.
2
f = g N / hc ,.

a = e 2 / hc = 1 / 137 ,
gN=1, ,
.

,
, .
.. [8] ,

.
( )
.

E = (Zm p + Nm N ) (Zm p + Nm N ) ji (Z + N )mV ,
(5.2.)
Z - ; Z- ; mV -
, m p , m N -
.
.

(5.3.)
m Z , N = Zm p + Nm N ji (Z + N )mV ,
() .

.

2
2
(5.4.)
mZ , N =
(Zm
+ Nm N ) (AmV )
228
5. .
E = (Zm p + NmN )
(Zm
+ NmN ) (AmV )
2
(5.5.)
m = 134.9626 .
,
20 200 ,
. ,
,
.
.

.
5.4.

,
m Z , N = (Zm p + Nm N ) jiAmV = (Zm p + Nm N ) AmV " AmV AmV ji =

= (Zm p + Nm N AmV ) AmV 0e jarctgi
,
m R = Zm p + NmN AmV ,

m = AmV (1 ij ) .

. - .
,
3, -.
,
, 3
r

, .
,
, .
.

, (
.
3,
, - . ,
, ,
.
229
5. .

,
.
s. 1.
, ,
,
.
.
. 54 ,
3 r .
C'3
C3
r1
r2
2
1
. 54. "
"

S k = 12 22 .
- 2
, 1, -
, ,
.
SK ,
.
230
5. .
h
,
(5.6.)
mV c
mV - .
H=
( 3 . 2 )
.
, ,
4
3
Vnn = (R H ) ,
3
(5.7.)
R, - .

V =
4
R 3
3
4
V = V Vnn = H (3R 2 3R H + H 2 ).
3
(5.8.)
mV A
31
.
(5.9.)
4 H 3R 2 3R H + H 2
S k -
. ( .54) S k ,
P =
, , .
.
,
S k = rN2 ,
rN - .
-
,
S k , .
AmV S k H
3
.
E = P S k H =
4 3R 2 3R H + H 2 H
(5.10.)
.
rN
rp = (0.8 0.82 ) 10 13 .
231
5. .
,
10-13 .

0.5 mV A
.
3R 2 3R H + H 2
(5.11.)
Z E = E
E=
0.5mV A
Z
3R 2 3R H + H 2 P
Z
P
(5.12.)
H r H = r =
#
m c
rp .
rN rp 0.8 10 13 cm
rp = 0.218 10
r = 1.46 10
13
13
cm ,
cm ,
m = 134.9626 M
m N = 939.7825M
r = rp
1
3
mN
= 5.36 10 13 .
m
13
R = r A 10 , r - 1.25
(5.12)
67 A
E=
2
3
1
3
4.68 A 20.2 A + 28.8
Z
P
(5.13.)

, Z
. 1.

.

.

H = 0.8
mp
mV
232
5. .
, ,
,

.
E =
0.5 mV A
mp
m
+ 0.64 p
3R 2 3R 0.8
mV
mV
, , .

E=
0.5 mV A
Z
.
2 P
mp
m
+ 0.64 p
3R 2 3R 0.8
mV
mV
(5.14.)
E
= 0.
mV

2
1.6m p
mp
2
= 0 ,
+ 0.64
R R
mV
m
V
mp
mV
= 1.25R .
mV = 0.8
mp
R
, ,
.
2E
= 0 ,

2
mV
mV .

R = r0 A1 / 3 ,
13
r0 = (1.2 1.4 ) 10
.
r=1.4 -1.2, 10-13, .
r0 .
233
5. .
R = r0 A1 / 3 .
,
mV = 0.8m p
1
1/ 3
A
r0 P
Z
(5.15.)
0.5 0.8m p
1
1/ 3
A
r0 P
Z
=
E=
1/ 3
A
mp P
1/ 3
2/3
0.64 A
Z
A
2 A 2
+
r02
3r0 P 3r0 P 0.8
P
0.8m p
0.64 Z
Z 3
Z
= 0.4m p
1
= 0.4m p
3P
r0
Z
1 Z
.
3 P
r0
E = 0.4m p
1 Z
r03 P
mN =
E=
m p + mN
2
= 938.7825 .
375.5133 Z
.
3
P
r0
(5.16.)
r0 = 1.25 , ,
r03 = 1.9531249
E = 192.2682
Z
P
(5.17.)

E .=192.2682
0.36282 ,
, ; me =0,511 .
234
5. .
,
-.
, .
, , 180 - 200 .
.
.
(5.17) ,
. . 2
.
. 2 (5.17.)
. :

9.2 - 9.9
,
r0 =1,25.

. 3.
203 mV 214 .
m 139,5669 , m =134.9626 , ,
.
,
, .
.
2
H1
Ne10 , .
(5.14) .
2
2 [12], H1
, , , 2,2
P
10
15
21
28
36
45
54
66
78
2.57
2.25
2.0
1.83
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
r0
mV
107.49
108.12
108.15
.
.
P
10
15
21
1.64
1.43
1.28
r0
mV
147.37 147.39 147.5
.
.

H12
H13
He26 Li38
Be11
B5
C6
N7
O8
F9
Ne10
4
235
5. .
108
147.5 176.6 180
189
194
198
201
206
207
193
,

.

,
-.
.
.

,
2 jarctgi
E = mc e
,
E = E = mV 200
1

1S
1H
1
2 He
2
3 Li
2
4 Be
2
5B
2
6C
2
7N
2
8O
2
9F
2
10 Ne
2
11 Na
2
12 Mg
2
13 Al
2
14 Si
2
15 P
2
16 S
2
17 Cl
2
18 Ar
2
19 K
2
20 Ca
2
21 Sc
2
22 Ti
2
23 V
2
2S
2P
3S
3P
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
3d
4S
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
O
4P
4d
4f
5S
5P
236
5. .
24 Cr
25 Mn
26 Fe
27 Co
28 Ni
29 Cu
30 Zn
31 Ga
32 Ge
33 As
34 Se
35 Br
36 Kr
37 Rb
38 Sr
39 Y
40 Zr
41 Nb
42 Mo
43
44 Ru
45 Rh
46 Pd
47 Ag
48 Cd
49 In
50 Sn
51 Sb
52
53 I
54 Xe
55 s
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
7
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
0
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
2
4
5
5
7
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
4d, N(4f), O, P,
Q
N
O
P
Q
4f
5S 5P 5d 5f
5g 6S 6P 6d 6f
6g 6h 7
S
66 Dy
10 2
6
2
78 Pt
14 2
6
9
1
91 Pa
14 2
6
10 2
2
6
1
2
105
.
,
237
5. .
.
. ,
, .
,

.
5.4. 2. .

N
Na
Mg
Z
10
11
12
Al
13
14
30
Ca
31
Ge
32
s
Se
33
34
Se
34
35
36
A
24
23
24
28
26
27
28
29
30
64
67
68
70
69
71
70
72
73
74
76
75
74
76
77
78
80
82
79
81
78
80
82
83
84
86
m,
208.3
209.14
210.7
211.24
211,23
212.6
214.8
214.39
214.3
214,3
214.2
214,3
214,3
P
10
11,34
11,6
11,2
10.62
11,08
11,35
10,97
1053
,
191.9
186,6
198.3
205,6
216,7
225
236,5
245
255
9.84
9,67
9,42
9.88
9,61
10,1
9,76
9.66
9.51
9.28
9.7
10,15
9.86
9.75
9.6
9.4
9.15
585,1
595,4
611
601,9
618,8
610.5
329
635,6
345,7
661.6
652.6
642 9
662
669.5
679,9
696.9
712.9
9,78
9,54
10,23
9,93
8,67
9,57
9,44
9,22
686.3
704,3
675,6
695,4
714,3
721,7
732.2
749,2
238
5. .
37
Sr
38
Y
Zr
39
40
Nb
Mo
41
42
Tc
43
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
44
45
46
47
48
85
87
84
86
87
88
88
90
91
92
94
96
93
92
94
95
96
97
98
100

98
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
103
102
104
105
106
108
1.10
107
109
106
108
214,3
214,5
214,38
213,7
213.9
213.6
213.34
213,34
213,04
213
9,6
9,37
10,6
9,74
9.63
9.48
9,65
9,79
8.7
9,6
9.42
9,26
9,77
10.12
9,9
9.81
9.7
9.62
9,63
9.37
739,4
757,9
728.9
748,9
757,3
768.4
775.5
783,8
791.1
799.9
814,7
828,9
805.6
796.5
814,2
821.2
830.8
837.6
846.1
860.4
9.77
10.21
9.99
9,9
9.79
8,72
9,61
9.45
9,76
10.1
9.88
9,8
9,7
9.64
9,38
844.4
826.7
845.3
852.5
862
869,1
878,4
893,4
884.6
875.7
893,1
900,3
909,7
925,2
940,8
9,85
8,68
10,2
9,97
915,4
931,8
905,6
923,6
239
5. .
In
Sn
48
80
Sb
51
52
In
Xe
63
54
Ba
55
56
110
111
112
113
114
116
113
115
112
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
122
124
121
123
120
122
124
125
126
128
130
127
124
126
128
129
130
13
132
134
136
133
130
132
134
135
212,7
212.7
212.3
212,3
211.96
211.7
211,87
9,79
9.72
9,63
9,56
9.47
9,33
9,76
9.6
10,1
9,88
9.8
8.71
9,64
8.54
8.49
9,4
9,26
9,14
9,53
9.4
9,81
9,65
9,49
9,44
9,36
9,23
9,11
9,48
9.91
9,74
9.6
9,53
9,45
9,39
9,32
9,19
9,08
9.43
9.83
9,68
9.54
9,48
940,7
947,8
956,8
963,3
972.2
987.2
962,9
979.4
953.3
971.4
979,1
938,6
995.6
1000
1011,5
1020,6
1035,8
1050,1
1026,5
1042,3
1016,8
1034.5
1050,7
1057,3
1066,4
1081.2
1095,5
1072,7
1046
1064
1080,7
1087.6
1096,9
1103,5
1112.4
1127.4
1141,8
1118,8
1092,8
1110
1126,8
1133.8
240
5. .
Za
Ge
Pr
57
58
59
60
Pm
61
Sm
62
Eu
63
Cd
b
Du
64
65
66
o
Er
67
68
Tm
Yb
69
70
Zn
Hf
71
72
74
136
137
138
139
138
140
142
141
142
143
144
145
146
148
150

148
144
147
148
149
150
152
154
151
153
152
160
189
156
164
165
162
170
169
168
176
175
174
180
180
211.52
211.58
211.3
211,44
210.5
210,7
210,21
210,3
209,9
209.9
209.7
209,1
209.31
209,3
208,8
208.8
208,7
9.4
9,35
9,3
6.39
9,63
9.49
9.39
9,6
9.71
9,66
9,6
9,55
9,49
9,4
9.3
1143
1149.9
1158.5
1164,8
1156.3
1172.9
1185.5
1178.1
1185.4
1191,4
1199,2
1205,2
1212,4
1225,4
1237.6
9,56
9.95
9,77
9,71
0,66
9,6
9,49
9,4
9.72
9,6
9,82
9.38
9.58
9.91
9,46
9,64
9.88
9.46
9,66
9,86
9,47
9,65
9,84
9.55
9,83
1223,9
1196
1217,5
1225.6
1231,3
1239,5
1253,3.
1267,1
1244.3
1259.3
1251.7
1309,2
1302,4
1278,5
1338.3
1334,3
1320,7
1379
1371.2
1362,8
419.1
1412
1403,7
1446
1444,3
241
5. .
Re
75
76
Os
Ir
t
u
g
l
Pb
77
78
79
80
81
82
t
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
h
a
U
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
Np
Pu
Am
m
Bk
Cf
Ea
fm
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
186
185
187
184
192
191
193
190
198
197
196
204
204
208
204
206
207
208
209
214
216
216
220
223
226
232
232
232
235
238
238
238
244
244
247
250
254
254
208.2
208,1
207,9
207,86
207,59
207.59
207.38
207.29
207.1
209
206,4
206,41
206,41
205,8
205,6
205,3
204,9
204,9
204,6
204,6
204,6
204.4
204,4
204,4
204
203.4
203,4
9,56
9,74
9,68
9,92
9,56
9,74
9,65
9,91
9.53
9.72
9,89
9.54
9.71
9.62
9.79
9,7
9,66
9,62
9,71
1485.9
1478.3
1491.7
1469,8
1526,2
1517.8
1531,7
1509,8
1567.3
1559,4
1551,2
1608.6
1600,9
1615
1607,5
1622.3
1629
1636.4
1640,2
9,68
9,74
9,85
9,84
9,85
987
9.78
9,89
9,99
9,89
9,79
9.9
10
9,93
10
10
10
10
10
1666
1674,6
1675,9
1696,6
1713.8
1730.1
1766.5
1765.4
1765.9
1783,8
1810
1800.8
1801,3
1835,
1835,7
1852,3
1869,8
1890,6
1890,8
242
5. .
3.
Li3
e4
B5
C6
r0
E,
mV
21
1,32
176,6
15
1,21
28.3
15
1.22
27,3
15
1,196
29,3
21
1,268
15
1,33
32
15
1,24
39.2
15
1,22
41.3
21
1,39
13
1,37
37.6
15
1.21
56,5
15
1,19
58,2
10
15
1,16
65
11
15
1.15
65.5
21
1.33
37,7
15
1.31
56.3
10
15
1.25
64.7
11
15
1,18
76.2
12
15
1.16
79.6
13
15
1.14
84,5
10
21
1.21
60.3
11
15
1,26
73.4
12
15
1.17
92,2
280
189,1
7,7
26.3
26,9
243
5. .
N7
O8
F9
Ne10
13
15
1,15
97.1
14
15
1.26
105.3
15
15
1.21
106,5
16
15
1,06
110,8
12
15
1.33
73.8
13
15
1,23
94,4
14
15
1,18
104.7
15
16
17
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
17
18
19
20
21
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
15
15
15
15
15
18
15
15
15
15
15
1,15
1.14
1.13
1.266
1,214
1,16
1,15
1,13
1,12
1.09
1.21
1.18
1 1.5
1,13
1.11
1,36
1,31
1,25
1.23
1,21
1,20
1,18
115.5
118
123
98.7
111.9
127,6
131,8
139,8
143,8
151,4
128.2
137,4
147.8
154,4
163,5
98,7
111,9
127,6
131.8
139,8
143,8
151,4
18
5.5.
. . .
5.5.1. .
,
,
.
244
5. .
- n,
- Z, ..
n 3, 4 4.

n / / 2,
Pi = Cn2 =
n (n 1)
2
(5.18.)
2
Cn
- .
-

.
,
,
Cn2 = Z i , ni2 ni = zi
ni =
1 + 1 + 4Z i
2
9- - 10 - .
Pi P0 .

n0 =
Zi
P0
(5.19.)
- c n
(5.18) Pi
- 0 (5.19).
,
- (Y)
, -
.

.

Pi=105, Pi=1.
- ,
.
,
Pi
,
.
,
.
245
5. .
, ,
- ,
. ,
-
.
,
/ /
mVi
3,
1.
.

.
, - ,
mVi , , - i,
,
R, - E, ,
.

,
mVi , i -
.

(5.6).
-
- ,
.
- 53,

R.
53
54
1
H 1 Xe . /
/
R A -
- . 53.
238
. 53 - U 92 .
,
,
. ,
.
246
5. .
H = r =
h
,
mVi c
(5.20.)
mVi -
.
,
(5.21.)
E = Ai mVi
(5.7)

E 3 1
AmVi
=
2
V
4 H (3R 3R H + H 2 )
(5.22.)
-
, - S H
E = Sk H M =
AmVi HS k
3
=
4 (3R 2 3R H M + H M2 )H
2
h
AmVi c 2
3
0.8 2
=
2
2
4 3R 3R H M + H M m N c

rN = 0.8 0.82 10 13 ,

2
(5.23.)
S = (0.82 ) 2
k
, 10-26 .

E=
(0.48 0.5043)mVi A
(5.24.)
3R 2 3R H M + H M2
, HM

H =
0.8m p
(5.25.)
mVi
0.5 mVi A
E=
3R 3R
2
0.8m p
+
mVi
mVi
0.8m p
(5.26.)
247
5. .
, .
ni -
, Pi
[24], [25], [26].
:
E =
0.5 mVi A Z i
1
0.8m p 0.8m p Pi
3R 2 3R
+
mVi
mVi
2
(5.27.)
(5.27)
:
10+13 R
Zi
Ai ,
mVi ,
Pi ,
.
5.5.2.
.. .
(5.27) :
E = E vi (mVi Ri )
Z i Ai
Pi
(5.28.)
Evi R, , Evi - Zi
Ai Pi.
mVi - Ri E ,
-
mVi.
(5.27) - Ri.
R=
mV Z A
375.304
46951.03
+
+ 0.16666 i i i
2
mVi
mVi
E 0 Pi
(5.29.)
Ei=E0, Pi=P0
, :
mVi Z i A
46951,03
+
=0
0
.
16666
mVi 2
E0 P0
mVi = 65.5512683
E 0 P0
ZA
(5.30.)
248
5. .
Ri =
375.304
. ( Ri = r0 )
mVi
(5.31.)
(5.30), (5.31) ,
.
,
Pi. E0,
mVi Ri.
Pi 5.28-5.31 E0, Z,
A mVi - Ri /. 55, 56, 57/
Pi-Var.
207
He 42
He3-6
2
Zi 62
183
Zi 73
163
Be
155
Zi 53
Zi 83
Zi 6-11
4
Be
C
140 18 10
-13
2.04
2.2
2.3
H 21(P0=9)
0B
N0
N
N 12-27
3
O
F9
Ne
123
2.5
C 10-16
6
Ne18-24
10
Ne -13
30 10
55.
.

.
(5.30), (5.31) Pi
P0:
249
5. .
) Pi > P0 mVi > mV0 , Ri < R0 ,
) Pi +1 < P0 mVi +1 < mV0 , Ri +1 > R0 .
Pi P0 .

Zi Ai Pi P0 .
,
.
. 55,56,57
,. , Pi P0 .
207
He 42
He3-6
2
Zi 62
183
Zi 73
163
Be
155
Zi 53
Zi 83
Zi 6-11
4
Be
C
140 18 10
-13
2.04
2.2
2.3
H 21(P0=9)
0B
N0
N
N 12-27
3
O
F9
Ne
123
2.5
C 10-16
6
18-24
Ne10
Ne -13
30 10
56.
.. .

.
:
)
He24
mVi = 207
13
R 1.8 10 .
250
5. .
) He2 , - Li3 , - H 1 , -
H 13 .
Pi
12
He 42
C'
P
P i i 10
12
4
e
He 42 9
11
b'
3
11
d
10
10
H 319
He 52
C
He 62 9
H 31
10
11
9
12
15
11
14
P i 15
P i 13
14
12
13
11
12
10
12
17
10
6
Be84 9 Zi 3 14
13 8
Be 4
16
11
12
15
He 84
11
10
k
g
e0
10
11
10
Zi63
He 32 9
c0
p
b0
H 21
H 21 P i 9
a0
57.
, .
2
/ H 1
Li3 /.
251
5. .
) / He2
Ne10/ / ,
:
mVi 120 207 , Ri (1.8 3.0)10 13 .

.
) / /
, .
.
Kr36

mVi 82
mVi 57 / 25 /, :
Ri (4.1 6.3)10 13 . 55, 56
, .
) 207
57 3.2
.
.
.
(5.29), mVi
, E0 (5.30),
. . 55, 56, 57

Ne10 , Kr36 , Rh45 , Xe54 , Dy 66 , Pt78 , Pa 91 ,U 92 .

.
( ) .
:
, mVi - Ri
.

: Ei=E0, Pi=P0 mV0
.
,

R,
.
Z
/ 55,56, 57 /. ,
- Zi
Z.
252
5. .
,
.
5.5.3.
.. .
, 55,56,57
:
=81
83 79
80
+,
Br 35
85
4.38
4.39
-13
+
+
77
85
76
75
+
-
74
87
85
4.40
~0.01745810
58. .

.

mVi - Ri .
,
55,56,57.
A,
- .
253
5. .
57, 58 As33
Br35 ,
.
mVi Ri
. -
.
87.2835
75
77
73
76
74 +
79 +
78 71
~86
72 +
81 80
69 + 70 +
+0.0148885 10-13
4.30 10-13
. 59. .

.
57, 58 ,
. ,

. ,
. (5.27 - 5.31),
,
:
E = E1
E2
A1
A2
(5.32.)
254
5. .
/ A1, E1 /
/ A2, E2 /.
,
E 13 .
Kr36
400
p
Ne10
300
469
He 42
Xe54
250
Dy
66
Rk 45
200
U 238
92
150
Pt 78
mVi=100
0.
2.0
4.0
50

-13
6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 10
. 60.
.

.

.
255
5. .
5.5.4.
.. .
50.
55- 59
.
.
.
.

mVi 469
E 41
H 12 ,
- He2 , - Li3 , - Be4 , - B5 ,
- C6 .
-
mVi 140
, - .
56 Pi=3, Pi=1.

.
Z
mVi - Ri,
. 57

, .
. 55- 60
.
, .
.

.
,
: - ,
, .
, ,
.

. ,
, .
,
. ,
256
5. .
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
mv R mv .
.
469
, A = 1, Z = 1
.
.
,
.

R 1,25( Ai1 / 3 + A1j / 3 ) , Ai , A j -
Zi , Z j .
A = Ai + A j , Z = Zi + Z j .

Ai , A j , Zi , Z j
257
6.

. .
.
6.1. .
.

5.

, , .
.

. , ,
.
:
.
,
.

-, .
. ,
, -

. [10].

.
.
1012 cm , ,
1
3
V 3 4R 3
=
= 2 *1013 cm .
A 3A
.

( 1013 cm ) 102 103 .

.

.
,

Z.
258
6.
.
. .
,
, .
, . .
r 2 + 2 + 2 .

. .
(1935. )
.
, A0 , g (x ) ,

1 2 A0
2 A0 2
= g .
c t 2
,
2 A0 = 4g .
A0 = d 3 x /
g ( x / )
.
x x/
,

g
A0 ( r ) =
r
,

g2
E = A0 ( r ) =
.
r
.
. ,
, .
,
.
r r0 * 0 = r0 * , .
. ,

.
. ,
- .

.
,
.

.
259
6.
.
. .
, ( m 0 ),

2
2 2
1 0 m c
2 0 2
2 0 = 4g n , g N
c t 2
h
0
.
=0
t
, x / = 0 ,
e kr
mc
.
( r ) = g N
, r =
r
h
, .

e kr
E NN = ( r ) * g N = g N2
.
r
r r0 * 0 r0 ,
. r 0 .
.

,
, .
g2
f = N , g N
!c
2
1
e
.
=
=
!c 137
.
, f , f = 1
, ,
.
- , -
!
.
. " =
mc
m = 273me " kompt
= 1.4 * 1013 cm .
[g N ] = r 2 * cm 2 * c 1 ,
.

. ,
, --
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
260
6.
.
. .
r ,
.
.

.

,
A
mv = mvi , mv ,
1
.
m = [N * mN + Z * m p ]+ jimv .
m =
[N * m
+ Z * m p ] m 2 v .
2
W = [N * mN + Z * m p ]
[N * m
+ Z * m p ] mv2
2
.

.
. mv
. n
( )
.
Z
.

- n .
67 A
.
W = En * n , En =
2
1
4.68 A 3 20.2 A3 + 28.8
.
1
3
m = 134.963MeB , R = 1.25 A ..
.
0.5mv A
.
En =
2
m
m
3R 2 3R 0.8 p + 0.64 p
mv
mv
.
En
.
.
,

.
261
6.
.
. .
,
. ,
,
.
.
, ,

.
.

.
,
. ,
.
, .

.
.

, .

2 * 1012 cm .
n ,
,
,
. ,
, .
, .

: .
.
.
. , . . . .

.
2
A
2
2
Z2
2
+ A 3 [10].
W = aA A 3 1
A
A3
M = Zm p + (A Z )mN W ,
a, , ,
.
a = 15.75, = 17.8, = 0.71, = 94.8 . . = {+
262
6.
.
. .
, = 0 , = - .
= 34 .

,
- p , - n , -a .
p = W (A, Z ) W (A 1, Z 1) ,
n = W (A, Z ) W (A 1, Z ) ,
a = W (A, Z ) W (A 4, Z 2 ) W (A = 4, Z = 2 )
.

.

.
.
.
:
, ,
.
,
.

.
.
.
, -.
1013 cm .

.
, . ,
, .

,
, ,
.
n ( )
L n
L .
. n

.
. .

.
263
6.
.
. .
,
.
.

(2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126).
,
. (2,
10, 18, 28, 36, 54, 86), ,
( ).
, .

,
.
.
20 O820 , F920 , Ne1020 , Na1120 , Mg1220 .
Ne1020 .
.
.
. ,
20 .
.
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Ca20 , Se21 , Ti22 ,V23 , Cr24 , Mg 25 . .
50
Ti22
,V2350 , Cr2450 . 2 .

, 50.
60 62
28,
Ni28
,
.
82
.
82
82
82
82
82
82
As33 , Se34 , Br35 , Kr36 , Rb37 . Se34
, Kr3682 .
4- -.
.
126.
123
126
126
126
126
126
126
Sn50 , Sb51 , Te52 , Jr53 , Xe54 , Cs55 , Ba56
.
6 -. Xe54
. Ba56 ,
7- 8- .
.

.
264
6.
.
. .
6.2.
.

.
-
.

, n - .

.
,
.
. ,
.
,
( ) .
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
A 25 , 150 A 190 () A 190
(). .
-. ,
, ,
, .
.
,
.

1
W = 31.2 * A 3 + 20.6 * A 6

W = 63 * A 3 14 A 208 . .

- 96 14 A 208 .
(
)
W = 130 A 3 .
66 A 200

265
6.
.
. .
W = 30 * A 3 . ,
W = 110 * A 3 .
[].
, ,

-.
.

.

; -,
-, .
.

W ( A, Z ) , 10-20.
1-2,
n , p ,
W .

1013 cm .
:
1. - ,
2. 1- -,
E
3. n =
,
E1
,
4. mv = 2mE E 2 - ,
m = Zm p + NmN - .
mv
- ,
A
E
6. - .
A
.
[].
E m
n , , v .
A A
E
mv
n
A
A
4
0,9
7,09
115,2
2
5.
Li36 7
0,44-0,6
3,89-5,48
85,58-101,84
266
6.
.
. .
Be48 9 10
0,66-0,75
6,29-7,03
108,53-114,71
10 11
5
0,63-0,72
6,06-6,82
106,5-113,0
C612 13
0, 77-0, 79
7,20-7,48
116,08-118,31
N 714 15
0,76-0,83
7,00-7,49
116,81-114,42
O816 17 18
0,89-0,95
7,71-7,92
120,05-120,96
F (100%)
0,97
7,88
121,39
Ne1020 21 22
1,02-1,09
8,02-8,2
122,45-123,84
19
9
n 1.02
20
10
Ne , 10.
, .

. .
Z
E m
n , , V .
A A

E m
. n , , V
A A
.
C615 N 715
n (C615 ) = 0.58 n ( N 715 ) = 0.83
mV 15
m
(C6 ) = 91.87 V ( N 715 ) = 118.33
A
A
F918 + O818
n ( F918 ) = 0.9 n (O818 ) = 0.95
mV 18
m
( F9 ) = 118.62 # V (O818 ) = 121.69
A
A

n .

.
E m
, V .
A A
.
E
mV
n = 1.12
Na1123 (100%)
= 8.13
= 123.31
A
A
0,91
7,19
115,99
Na1120
37
1,17
5,82
104,36
Na11
267
6.
.
. .
Na1123
E m
37
, V Na1120 , Na11
,
A A
.
,
n .
1,16-1,26
8,23-8,39
124,01-125,22
Mg1224 26
Al1327
1,28
8,3
124,59
Si1428 30
1,32-1,43
8,35-8,51
124,95-126,14
1,45
8,42
125,45
S1632 36
1,49-1,6
8,43-8,59
125,56-126,75
Cl1735,37
1,62-1,72
8,5-8,59
126,03-126,7
1,66-1,87
8,49-8,68
125,97-127,38
31
15
36 , 40
18
Ar
.

.
1,8-1,91
8,55-8,65
126,4-127,14
K1939 41
K1943
40 46
Ca20
K1943 , n = 2 .
2,00
8,65
127,14
1,84-2,00-2,14
8,52-8,73
127,37-127,74

E m
, V , n = 2.00 ,
A A
.
n(n 1)
n = 7 Z = Cn2 = 21 . Z = 21
Cn2 =
2
-.
.
E m
n , , V .
A A
30
30
Al13 Si14
n ( Al1330 ) = 1.38 # n ( Si1430 ) = 1.43
mV
m
( Al1330 ) = 124.01 # V ( Si1430 ) = 126.14
A
A
Al1324 + Mg1224
268
6.
.
. .
n ( Al1324 ) = 1.07 # n ( Mg1224 ) = 1.14

m
mV
( Al1324 ) = 118.83 # V ( Mg1224 ) = 124.06
A
A
, +
n .
.
E
m
45
Cs21
n = 2.09
= 8.68 V = 127.41
A
A
46 50
Ti22 2, 34 8, 75 127, 87
50
E m
, V , .
A A
50 51
2,38
8,74
127,79
V23
2,372,56
8,71-8,73
127,56-128,08
2,57
8,75
127,9
Fe
2,62-2,72
8,77-8,79
127,92-128,16
59
Co27
2,76
8,75-
127,92
Cr2450,52 54
55
Mn25
56 58
26
58, 60 62, 64
2,68-3,00
8,67-8,78
127,32-128,10
Ni28

n = 3.00 28. 50
,
.
.
- ,

.
, + .
55
Cr2455 Mn25
55
) = 2.57
n (Cr2455 ) = 2.56 # n ( Mn25
mV
m
55
(Cr2455 ) = 127.25 < V ( Mn25
) = 127.9
A
A
.
50
Mn25
+ Cr2455
50
) = 2.26 < n (Cr2450 ) = 2.32
n ( Mn25
mV
m
50
( Mn25
) = 8.47 < V (Cr2450 ) = 8.7 .
A
A
,

269
6.
.
. .
.
.
.
63, 65
mV
E
n = 2.94 3.04
Cu29
= 127.78 127.99
= 8.75 8.76
A
A
64, 66 68
2,98-3,19
8,73-8,78
127,78-128,11
Zn30
3,23-3,33
8,74-8,75
127,79-127,89
Ge
3,27-3,54
8,76-8,72
127,94-127,64
75
As33
3,5
8,74
127,84
74 , 76 77, 80,82
Se34
3,45-3,8
8,73-8,67
127,75-127,33
Br3579,81
3,69-3,77
8,73-8,72
127,73-127,65
Kr3678,80,82 ,83,84 ,86
3,63-3,99
8,66-8,68
127,21-127,38
69 , 71
Ca31
70, 72 74, 76
32
Kr36 ,
4- n = 4.00 . 82
. 82
.
,
.
, , -
.
70
70
As33
+ Ge32
70
70
) = 3.23 < n (Ge32
) = 3.27
n ( As33
mV
m
70
70
( As33
) = 127.18 < V (Ge32
) = 127.94 .
A
A
79
79
As33
Se34
Br3579
79
79
) = 3.66 < n ( Se34
) = 3.68 < n ( Br3579 ) = 3.69
n ( As33
mV
m
m
79
79
( As33
) = 127.37 < V ( Se34
) = 127.68 < V ( Br3579 ) = 127.73
A
A
A
.
6 5- .
85,87
E
mV
n = 3.96 4.04
Rb37
= 8.7 8.68
= 127.55 127.4
A
A
3,91-4,1
8,7-8,7
127,51-127,54
Sr3884 ,88
4,13
8,68
127,4
Y3989
Zr4090, 92 , 94 , 98
4,18-4,5
8,6-8,68
127,39-127,79
93
Nb41
4,31
8,66
127,21
Mo
4,35-4,53
8,65-8,64
127,15-127,12
Te
4,32-4,38
8,58-8,61
126,64-126,85
94 98
42
94, 95
43
270
6.
.
. .
4,41-4,71
8,58-8,62
126,66-126,94
Rh
4,74
8,6
126,77
102 106
Pd 46
4,68-4,88
8,57-8,59
126,58-126,72
96 102
Ru44
103
45
109
Pd 46
,
n = 5.00 .
50.
.
.
N- Z=45,
n=10.
7- 5- Z=55 n=11.
107,109
mV
E
n = 4.91 5.00
Ag 47
= 126.52 126.52
= 8.56 8.56
A
A
106,108 113
4,84-5,16
8,53-8,54
126,25-126,33
Cd 48
5,25
8,52
126,23
In115
49
114 120
5,25-5,45
8,52-8,49
Sn50
50
.
121,123
5,49-5,57
8,48-8,46
Sb51
120 128
5,45-5,76
8,48-8,42
Te52
126,2-126

125,92-125,77
125,94-125,44
127
In53
5,73
8,44
125,59
126
In53
5,69
8,44
125,6
126 ,
.
124.126,128129,130,131,134
5,6-5,99
8,45-8,37
125,65-125,07
Xe54
Xe54
. Z=55.
133
5,96
8,39
125,25
Cs55
mV
A
.
, + .
117
117
117
Te52
+ Sb51
+ Sn50
117
117
117
) = 5.3 < n ( Sb51
) = 5.32 < n ( Sn50
) = 5.33
n (Te52
mV
m
m
117
117
117
(Te52
) = 125.78 < V ( Sb51
) = 126.01 < V ( Sn50
) = 126.12
A
A
A
132
132
132
Te52
J 53
Xe54
132
132
132
) = 5.88 < n ( J 53
) = 5.9 < n ( Xe54
) = 5.92
n (Te52
271
6.
.
. .
m
m
mV
132
132
132
(Te52
) = 124.86 < V ( J 53
) = 125.03 < V ( Xe54
) = 125.3
A
A
A
Pt78 .
n = 13 .
,
24 .
n = 12 .
n(n 1)
Z = Cn2=12 =
= 66 . .
2
,
-
.
132 138
mV
E
n = 5,93-6,15
Ba56
= 8,4-8,35
= 125,35A
A
124,93
138 ,139
6,15-6,19
8,35-8,34
124,93-124,9
La57
140
Ge58
6,24
8,35
124,92
Pr59141
6,27
8,33
124,81
142146
Nd 60
6,31-6,47
8,32-8,3
124,76-124,57
Pm145
61
6,42
8,3
124,55
154
Sm144
62
6,37-6,75
8,29-8,23
124,47-124,04
Er63151153
6,64-6,72
8,25-8,24
124,22-124,13
154 160
Gd 64
6,76-6,97
8,24-8,18
124,09-123,67
6,94
8,19
123,79
159
65
Tb
164
7,01-7,11
8,18-8,16
123,66-123,49
Du160
66
-
-
.
.
161
161
Gd 64
Tb65
Du161
66
161
161
) = 6.99 < n (Tb65
) = 7.00 < n ( Du161
n (Gd 64
66 ) = 7.01
mV
m
M
161
161
(Gd 64
) = 123.54 < V (Tb65
) = 123.63 < V ( Du161
66 ) .
A
A
A
145
145
145
Gd 64
+ Er63145 + Sm62
+ Pm145
61 , Nd 60
n = 6.36 < 6. 39 < 6. 41 < 6. 42 < 6. 42
mV
= 123.96 < 124. 24 < 124. 44 < 124. 55 < 124. 59
A
.
-.
272
6.
.
. .
,159
Ho17
67
n = 6,84-6,92
Er68166170
7,19-7,32
E
= 8,18
A
8,14-8,11
mV
= 123,66
A
123,4-123,12
Tm169
69
7,29
8,12
123,19
172176
Yb70
7,40-7,53
8,10-8,06
123,04-122,76
Lu175
71
7,49
8,07
122,83
7,53-7,67
8,06-8,03
122,79-122,55
Ta181
73
7,7
8,02
122,48
W74182 ,184 ,186
7,73
8,02
122,44
,187
Re185
75
7,83-7,89
7,99-7,97
122,23-122,12
186 192
76
7,86-8,06
7,98-7,94
122,17-121,83
Jr77191,193
8,02-8,09
7,94-7,93
121,88-121,76
192 198
Pt78
8,06-8,25
7,93-7,89
121,82-121,47
Hf
Os
176,177,178,179,180
72
, + .
198
Jr77198 Pt78
n = 8, 23 < 8. 25
mV
= 121. 36 < 121. 47 .
A
Jr77187 + Os187
76
n = 7.88 < 7.89
mV
= 122.03 < 122.10 .
A
.
Z=91.
14 * 13
Cn2=14 =
= 91 .
2
197
mV
E
n = 8.22
Au79
= 7.9
= 121.52
A
A
196204
8,18
7,9-7,84
121,54-121,11
Hg 80
8,4-8,7
7,85-7,83
121,17-121,05
Pb
8,47-8,56
7,83-7,81
121,01-120,89
Bi83209
8,59
7,8
120,81
Po84209
8,58
7,8
120,78
Tl81203, 205
206 208
82

.
.
273
6.
.
. .
mV
mV
mV
n
C6
n
N7
n
A
A
A
9
105. 0.62 >
77.37 0.34
5
10
106. 0.63 >
105.6 0.62
52.63 0.15
5
11
113 0.72 >
110.3 0.68
92.43 0.48
12
108 0.66 Const 118.3 0.79
102.5 0.59
13
108. 0.68 Const 116.1 0.77
113.6 0.74
9
14
102. 0.61 Const 118.1 0.81
114.4 0.76
1
15
100. 0.6
113.6 0.77
<
118.3 0.83
7
16
93.3 0.53
113.1 0.78
<
115.9 0.82
14
C6 5730 .
37, 1 [].
N
mV
Na11 mV
n
Mg12
n
n
Al13 mV
A
A
A
20
115.99
0.91
>
110.63
0.83
93.51
0.59
21
120.47
1.01
>
114.84
0.91
104.94 0.76
22
121.17
1.05
>
119.96
1.03
110.41 0.87
23
123.31
1.12
>
121.41
1.08
116.47 1.00
24
122.63
1.14
Const 124.06
1.16
118.83 1.07
25
123.42
1.19
Const 124.01
1.2
122.17 1.16
26
121.94
1.19
Const 125.22
1.26
122.84 1.21
27
121.88
1.22
<
124.29
1.27
<
124.59 1.28
28
119.93
1.22
<
124.59
1.32
>
124.24 1.31
. Mg1228
.

n .
N
mV
Ca20 mV
n
Sc21
n
Ti22 mV
n
A
A
A
37
121.91
1.6
>
117.93
1.49
112.56 1.36
38
124.01
1.69
>
119.87
1.58
116.31 1.49
39
124.85
1.76
>
122.25
1.68
118.54 1.58
40
126.22
1.84
>
123.39
1.76
121.15 1.69
41
126.53
1.89
>
125.01
1.85
122.53 1.77
42
127.37
1.96
>
125.57
1.91
124.35 1.87
43
127.29
2.00
>
126.63
1.98
125.13 1.93
44
127.74
2.06
>
126.78
2.03
126.35 2.02
45
127.37
2.09
Const 127.41
2.09
126.69 2.07
B5
274
6.
.
. .
46
47
48
49
50
51
127.51
2.14
>
127.24
2.13
126.92
2.17
127.55
2.19
<
126.83
2.21
127.15
2.22
<
126.08
2.23
127.2
2.27
<
125.8
2.26
126.62
2.29
<
124.92
2.27
126.48
2.33
<
45
C Cs21 .
.
N
mV
Cu29 mV
n
Zn30
n
Ga31
A
A
58
125.79 2.62 >
124.6
2.57
>
59
126.58 2.7
>
125.23 2.64
>
60
126.85 2.76 >
126.12 2.72
>
61
127.41 2.83 >
126.5
2.79
>
62
127.49 2.88 >
127.15 2.86
>
63
127.85 2.94 >
127.33 2.92
>
64
127.78 2.98 =const 127.78 2.98
>
+
65
127.99 3.04 >
127.8
3.03
>
127.48 2.14
127.49 2.19
127.93 2.25
127.69 2.28
127.87 2.34
127.43 2.37

mV
A
122.09
123.41
124.16
125.17
125.66
126.41
126.7
127.24
2.47
2.56
2.64
2.73
2.79
2.87
2.93
3.00
66
67
68
69
70
71
127.36
127.73
127.71
127.93
127.79
127.89
3.06
3.12
3.17
3.23
3.26
3.32
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
127.79
127.86
127.56
127.51
127.12
126.99
3.08
3.13
3.16
3.2
3.23
3.27
<const
<const
<const
<ip
<const
<
>
>
>
>
>
<
127.52 3.34
<
127.12 3.37
<
126.97 3.41
<
126.51 3.43
<
126.28 3.46
<
125.77 3.48
<
125.48 3.51
<

126.52 3.29 <

126.31 3.33 <
125.78 3.34 <
125.5
3.38 <
124.92 3.39 <
124.58 3.42 <
123.96 3.43 <

.
N
Cd 48 mV
n
In49
A
103
125.72 4.66 > +
104
125.98 4.73 >
105
126.06 4.78 >
106
126.25 4.84 >
107
126.28 4.89 >
108
126.41 4.94 >
109
126.39 4.99 >
128.8
127.97
128.11
127.88
127.91
127.59
mV
A
125.06
125.24
125.54
125.66
125.89
125.95
126.12
3.09
3.13
3.19
3.22
3.27
3.3
127.65
3.35
127.65
3.4
127.33
3.43
127.23
3.47
126.84
3.49
126.68
3.53
126.23
3.55

4.61
mV
A
124.24
4.55
4.67
4.74
4.79
4.86
4.91
4.96
124.65
124.87
125.2
125.35
125.61
125.71
4.63
4.69
4.76
4.81
4.88
4.93
Sn50
275
6.
.
. .
110
111
126.47
126.4
5.04
5.08
>
>
126.13
126.25
5.01
5.07
112
126.44
5.13
126.21
5.11
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
126.33
126.33
126.19
126.15
125.97
125.9
125.7
5.16
5.21
5.24
5.29
5.32
5.35
5.38
>+
4.23%>
>
<const
>
<
<
<
126.28
126.2
126.23
126.12
126.11
126.96
125.92
5.16
5.2
5.25
5.28
5.33
5.36
5.4
120
121
122
125.6
125.37
125.24
5.42
5.44
5.48
<
<
<
125.74
125.66
125.46
5.43
5.47
5.5
123
124
125
126
127
124.98
124.83
124.55
124.38
124.08
5.5
5.53
5.55
5.58
5.59
125.91
125.95
>
4.99
5.04
126.1
5.1
126.1
126.2
126.15
126.21
126.12
126.14
126.02
5.14
5.2
5.24
5.29
5.33
5.37
5.41
>
<
<=
><
<
<
126
<
125.85
<
125.8

5.45
5.48
5.53
<
125.36
5.53
<
125.62
5.55
<
125.13
5.56
<
125.54
5.59
<
125.00
5.59
<
125.34
5.62
<
124.75
5.61
<
125.23
5.65
124.6
5.64
<
125.00
5.68
<
128
123.89 5.62 <
124.33
5.66
<
124.87
5.71
129
123.58 5.63 <
124.15
5.69
<<
124.62
5.73
130
123.36 5.66 <
123.86
5.7
<
124.47
5.76
27 In115
49 (95,77%).
.
N
mV
Xe54 mV
n
Cs55
n
Ba56 mV
n
A
A
A
123
125.57 5.55 >
125.28
5.52
>
124.88
5.49
124
125.65 5.6
>
125.3
5.57
>
125.06
5.55
125
125.61 5.64 >
125.41
5.62
>
125.10
5.6
126
125.65 5.69 >
125.39
5.67
>
125.24
5.65
127
125.58 5.73 >
125.46
5.72
>
125.24
5.7
128
125.59 5.78 >
125.41
5.76
>
125.34
5.75
129
125.49 5.81 >=
125.45
5.81
>
125.31
5.79
130
125.47 5.85 >
125.37
5.84
==
125.37
5.84
131
125.34 5.88 <
125.38
5.89
>
125.32
5.88
132
125.3
5.92 >=
125.27
5.92
<
125.35
5.93
133
125.14 5.95 <
125.25
5.96
<
125.26
5.97
134
125.07 5.99 <
125.12
6.00
<
125.26
6.01
135
124.89 6.02 <
125.07
6.04
<
125.15
6.04
276
6.
.
. .
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
124.8
6.05 <
124.91
6.06
<
125.12
6.08
124.6
6.08 <
124.84
6.10
<
124.99
6.12
124.49 6.11 <
124.67
6.13
<
124.93
6.15
124.27 6.13 <
124.57
6.16
<
124.78
6.18
124.14 6.16 <
124.38
6.19
<
124.7
6.22
123.91 6.18 <
124.26
6.22
<
124.53
6.24
123.76 6.21 <
124.05
6.24
<
124.43
6.28
130
+
Cs55 , ,
.
132
,
Cs55
132
132
Xe54
, Ba56
.
131
Cs55
.
133
Cs55
. .
.
N
mV
n
n
Du66N mV
Ho67N
Er68N
A
A
162
123.63 7.05 >k.
123.55
7.04 >=
163
123.53 7.08 <=i.p
123.54
7.08 >
164
123.49 7.11 >=k
123.45
7.11 <=
165
123.37 7.14 <const 123.42
7.15 >=
166
123.31 7.18 <=
123.32
7.18 <
167
123.18 7.20 <
123.27
7.22 < =
mV
n
A
123.53 7.04
123.48 7.07
123.48 7.11
123.41 7.15
123.4 7.19
123.31 7.22
168
169
170
171
172
123.10 7.24 <=

123.15
7.24 <
123.28
122.96 7.26 <
123.09
7.28 <
123.17
122.87 7.29 <
122.96
7.3
<
123.12
122.71 7.31 <
122.89
7.34 <
123.01
122.61 7.34 <
122.74
7.36 <
122.94

,
Ho165
67
.
N
mV
mV
n
n
Pb82N mV
Bi83N
Po84N
A
A
A
203
121.13 8.4
>k
121.04
8.39 >
120.92
204
121.11 8.44 >k
121.00
8.42 >
120.93
205
121.04 8.47 >k
120.99
8.46 >
120.89
206
121.01 8.5
>k
120.93
8.49 >
120.9
207
120.93 8.53 >=k
120.91
8.53 >
120.85
208
120.89 8.56 >k
120.84
8.55 =>
120.84
209
120.8
8.59 <=const 120.81
8.59 >
120.78
210
120.75 8.62 >=
120.73
8.62 <=
120.76
7.26
7.29
7.32
7.35
7.38
.

211
8.65
120.66
8.64
<
120.69
8.65
==
120.69
n
8.37
8.41
8.44
8.48
8.52
8.53
8.58
8.62
277
6.
.
. .
212
213
214
120.6
8.68 ==
120.6
8.68 <=
120.66
8.68
120.49 8.7
<
120.55
8.71 <=
120.58
8.71
120.42 8.73 <=
120.46
8.73 <
120.54
8.74
209
Bi83
.
, ,
.
n
Z.
, n
N. ,
n
.
N
N
mV
mV
mV
n
n
n
Pt78N
Au79
Hg 80N
A
A
A
193
121.75 8.09 >
121.68
8.08 >
121.57
8.06
194
121.73 8.12 >
121.63
8.11 >=
121.58
8.11
195
121.64 8.15 >=
121.61
8.15 >
121.54
8.14
196
121.61 8.19 >
121.55
8.18 >=
121.54
8.18
197
121.52 8.22 ==
121.52
8.22 >
121.48
8.21
198
121.47 8.25 >
121.44
8.24 <
121.46
8.25
199
121.37 8.27 <
121.41
8.28 >=
121.39
8.28
200
121.31 8.31 ==
121.31
8.31 <=
121.37
8.31
201
121.2
8.33 <
121.27
8.34 <=
121.29
8.34
202
121.14 8.36 <
121.17
8.37 <
121.25
8.38
203
121.02 8.38 <
121.11
8.4
<=
121.16
8.4
197
199
Au79 Au79 ,
.
N
mV
mV
mV
n
n
n
Yb70N
Lu71N
Hf 72N
A
A
A
171
123.06 7.36 >
123
7.35 >
122.88
7.33
172
123.04 7.4
>
122.94
7.38 >=
122.9
7.38
173
122.95 7.43 >
122.93
7.42 >
122.85
7.41
174
122.92 7.46 >=
122.86
7.46 ==
122.86
7.46
175
122.81 7.49 <=const 122.83
7.49 >=
122.8
7.49
176
122.76 7.53 >
122.74
7.52 <
122.79
7.53
177
122.64 7.55 <
122.71
7.56 ==
122.71
7.56
178
122.58 7.59 <=
122.6
7.59 <
122.69
7.6
179
122.45 7.61 <
122.55
7.62 <
122.59
7.63
180
122.37 7.64 <
122.43
7.65 <
122.55
7.67
175
Lu71
37.1.
278
6.
.
. .
Lu176
71 -
.

Lu174
71
37.1
173
, Lu 178
+ , Lu71
71 .

.
177
106 ,
Lu71
Hf 72177 , 105 .
n =7,56.
.
N
mV
mV
n
n
n
Eu63N mV
Gd 64N
Tb65N
A
A
A
145
124.24 6.39 >>K, + 123.96 6.36
>>
123.6
6.32
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
124.23
124.28
124.25
124.28
124.22
124.22
124.14
124.13
124.03
123.99
123.87
123.82
123.69
123.62
6.43
6.48
6.52
6.56
6.6
6.64
6.68
6.72
6.75
6.79
6.82
6.86
6.88
6.92
>>K
>>K
>>K
>>K
>=K
>>K
<=0.2
>=K
<<2.15
<=14.7
<<20.47
<15.68=
<<24.9
<<
124.06
124.07
124.14
124.12
124.17
124.13
124.15
124.09
124.09
124.01
123.99
123.89
123.85
123.73
6.41
6.46
6.51
6.55
6.6
6.63
6.68
6.72
6.76
6.79
6.83
6.86
6.9
6.93
160
161
123.47
123.38
6.94
6.98
<<21.9
<<
123.67 6.97
123.54 6.99
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>=
>>
>=
>=
<<
==
<<
123.65
123.78
123.8
123.89
123.89
123.96
123.94
123.98
123.93
123.95
123.89
123.88
123.8
123.78
6.37
6.43
6.47
6.52
6.57
6.62
6.66
6.7
6.74
6.79
6.82
6.86
6.9
6.94
123.67
123.63
6.97
7.00
<= 123.51 7.03
37.1.
.
N
mV
mV
n
n
n
Ge58N mV
Pr59N
Nd 60N
A
A
A
136
125.08 6.08 >>K, + 124.82 6.06
>>
124.66 6.04
137
125.01 6.12 >>K
124.89 6.11
>>
124.67 6.08
138
125.02 6.16 >>K
124.84 6.15
>>
124.75 6.14
139
124.93 6.2
>>K
124.87 6.19
>>
124.73 6.18
162
123.22
7.00
<<
123.47 7.03
279
6.
.
. .
140
124.92
6.24
141
124.8
6.27
142
124.76
143
144
124.80 6.23
>=
124.78
6.23
124.81 6.27
>=
124.73
6.27
6.31
>>K, +
<=const
100%
>=
124.72 6.31
124.76
6.31
124.63
124.57
6.34
6.38
<<
<=
124.70 6.35
124.58 6.38
<=
>=
124.69
124.69
6.35
6.39
S16N
Cl17N
>>p
>>p
>> +
1.17
1.25
1.35
>>
>>
>>
mV
A
108.46
114.01
116.93
1.23
1.33
1.38
mV
A
117.38
119.71
122.72
28
29
30
mV
A
120.68
123.33
123.96
1.00
1.13
1.22
31
125.45
1.45
123.76
1.41
>>
120.42
1.33
32
125.31
1.48
125.56
1.49
>>
121.94
1.41
33
34
35
36
37
126.02
125.36
125.54
124.52
124.31
1.54
1.57
1.61
1.62
1.66
>> +
<<const
95%
>=
<c4.2%
<<
<.014%
<<
125.77
126.75
126.4
126.81
126.07
1.54
1.6
1.63
1.69
1.71
48
49
50
51
52
124,03
125,32
125,85
126,75
126,98
2,11
2,2
2,26
2,34
2,4
>> +
122,11
123,21
124,65
125,34
126,36
2,05
2,13
2,22
2,29
2,37
53
127,57
2,46
>>
126,73
54
127,56
2,51
>> +
127,44
<<
145
124.41 6.41 <<
124.54 6.42
<=
124.59 6.42
146
124.33 6.44 <<
124.41 6.45
<<
124.57 6.47
147
124.16 6.47 <<
124.35 6.49
<<
124.45 6.5
148
124.06 6.5
<<
124.19 6.51
<<
124.4
6.53
149
123.87 6.52 <<
124.11 6.55
<<
124.27 6.56
37.1
143
.
Pr59
N
38
P15N
>>
124.12 1.5
>>
124.73 1.55
>>
126.03 1.62
>>
126.02 1.66
126.7
1.72
<<
126.27 1.75
123.04 1.67 <<
126.06 1.75
<=
.
Mn25N
Fe26N
Co27N
>>
118,24
120,4
121,7
123,3
124,16
1,92
2,03
2,12
2,22
2,29
2,43
>>
125,33
2,38
2,5
>>
125,85
2,44
280
6.
.
. .
55
56
57
58
59
127,9
127,7
127,85
127,5
127.48
2,57
2,61
2,66
2,69
2.74
>>K
<91.7%
<2.17%
<0.31%
<<
127,55
128,00
127,92
128,16
127.92
2,55
2,62
2,66
2,72
2.76
>>
126,69 2,52
>>
126,95 2,58
>>
127,52 2,65
>>
127,56 2,69
127.92 2.76
==
60
127.01 2.76 <<Const 128.00 2.81
>>
127.79 2.8
127.97 2.85
61
126.87 2.8
<<
127.62 2.84
<<

.
Br35N
Kr36N
Rb37N
74
126.96 3.41 >> +
126.4 3.38
>>
125.04 3.31
2
75
127.33 3.48 >>
126.6 3.44
>>
125.7
3.39
6
76
127.38 3.52 >>
127.0 3.51
>>
126.01 3.45
9
77
127.63 3.59 >>
127.2 3.56
>>
126.52 3.52
1
78
127.58 3.63 >=
127.5 3.63
>>
126.71 3.58
2
79
127.73 3.69 >K, +
127.5 3.67
>>
127.08 3.65
3
80
127.6
3.72 <c2.27% 127.7 3.73
>>
127.16 3.7
3
81
127.65 3.77 <<
127.6 3.78
>>
127.42 3.76
6
82
127.44 3.81 <11.56% 127.7 3.83
>>
127.4
3.81
6
83
127.42 3.85 <11.55% 127.6 3.87
>>
127.57 3.86
1
84
127.15 3.88 <56.9%
127.6 3.91
>>
127.47 3.9
4
85
127.06 3.93 <<
127.4 3.95
127.55 3.96
<
2
86
126.74 3.95 <17.4%
127.3 3.99
<=
127.39 3.99
8
87
126.59 3.99 <<
127.1 4.02
127.4
4.04
<
88
126.22 4.01 <<
127.0 4.06
<<
127.17 4.07
0
89
126.02 4.04 <<
126.6 4.09
<<
127.12 4.12
7
281
6.
.
. .
90
125.61
4.06
<<
126.5 4.12
<<
126.84 4.14
1
91
125.36 4.09 <<
126.1 4.14
<<
126.73 4.18
5

37.1.

.
N
N
Tc43N
Nb41N
Mo42
88
126.61
4.04
89
90
91
92
93
94
126.89
126.93
127.12
127.09
127.21
127.12
4.10
4.15
4.21
4.25
4.31
4.35
95
96
127.17
127.03
4.4
4.44
97
98
127.02
126.83
4.48
4.51
99
126.78
4.56
>+
>
>>
>>
>=i.p.
>>
<=9.12
%
>>
<<16.5
%
<9.45%
<23.75
%
<<
100
101
126.54
126.44
4.59
4.62
102
126.17
103
104
126.15
4.01
>>
125.08
3.94
126.32
126.65
126.74
126.97
126.99
127.15
4.06
4.13
4.18
4.25
4.29
4.35
>>
>
>>
>>
>>
>>
125.55
125.78
126.16
126.3
126.58
126.64
4.02
4.08
4.15
4.2
4.27
4.32
127.10
127.19
4.39
4.45
>>
>>
126.85
126.85
4.38
4.42
127.09
127.12
4.49
4.53
>>
>>
126.98
126.92
4.48
4.52
126.97
4.57
126.99
4.57
<9.62%
<<
126.95
126.75
4.62
4.65
<=
>>
<<
126.88
126.9
4.61
4.66
4.65
<<
126.68
4.69
<=
126.74
4.69
126.03
4.68
<<
126.45
4.72
<<
126.71
4.74
125.72
4.71
<<
126.34
4.75
<<
126.51
4.77
126.43 4.81
<<

37.1.
N
Ru 44N
Rh45N
Pd 46N
105
125.55
4.74
<<
126.07
4.78
94
95
96
97
126.31
126.42
126.66
126.70
4.29
4.35
4.41
4.46
>>K
>>K
>>K
>> +
125.44
125.81
125.96
126.25
4.23
4.3
4.36
4.43
>>
>>
>>
>>
124.73
125.01
125.43
125.63
4.19
4.25
4.32
4.38
98
126.88
4.52
126.34
4.48
>>
125.95
4.45
99
126.85
4.56
>> +
>>K,
126.55
4.54
>>
126.08
4.51
282
6.
.
. .
100
126.96
4.62
101
102
126.89
126.94
4.66
4.71
126.82
4.74
126.82
4.79
+
>>K,
+
>>K
>> +
>=100
%,i.p.
>>
126.65
4.82
<<
103
104
105
126.57
4.59
>>
126.33
4.57
126.72
126.68
4.64
4.69
>>
>>
126.39
126.58
4.62
4.68
126.77
4.74
126.58
4.73
126.69
4.78
126.7
4.78
126.73
4.83
<=i.p.
>>
126.65
4.82
<< 126.72 4.88

107
126.41 4.9
<<
126.59
4.91
<=
126.63 4.91
108
126.33 4.94 <=
126.42
4.94
<<
126.65 4.96
109
126.09 4.96 <<
126.37
4.98
<<
126.51 5.00
110
125.97 5.00 <<
126.17
5.01
<<
126.49 5.04
111
125.71 5.02 <<
126.08
5.05
<<
126.32 5.07
112
125.56 5.06 <<
125.85
5.08
<<
126.26 5.11
113
125.26 5.08 <<
125.73
5.11
<<
126.06 5.14
114
125.08 5.11 <<
124.46
5.14
<<
125.96 5.18
115
124.77 5.12 <<
125.31
5.17
<< 125.73 5.2
H N=105 ,
2 . N=103.
, .
N
Te52N
I 53N
Xe54N
125.48
5.32
>>
125.18 5.29
118
125.9
5.35 >>
+

119
125.87 5.4
125.62
5.38
>>
125.25 5.34
>> +
106
126.61
4.87
>=
126.6
4.87
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
125.94
125.88
125.91
125.81
125.81
125.68
125.65
5.45
5.49
5.54
5.57
5.62
5.65
5.69
>>
>>
>>
>=K
>>
>=K
>=
+
125.62
125.72
125.69
125.75
125.68
125.7
125.6
5.42
5.47
5.52
5.57
5.6
5.65
5.69
>>
>>
>>
>>
>=
>>
<=

125.42
125.45
125.58
125.57
125.65
125.61
125.65
5.4
5.45
5.51
5.55
5.6
5.64
5.69
127
125.5
5.72
125.59
5.73
>=
125.58
5.73
128
125.44
5.76
<<100
%
<=K
125.46
5.76
<<

125.59
5.78
283
6.
.
. .
129
130
131
132
125.26 5.79 <<

125.42
5.8
<<
125.49 5.81
125.17 5.82 <<
125.27
5.83
<<
125.47 5.85
124.97 5.85 <<
125.2
5.87
<<
125.34 5.88
124.86 5.88 <<
125.03
5.9
<<
125.3
5.92

37.1.
.

: n - , (
) ,
mV
-
A
.

n .
.
,
n .
.
.
,
n .
.
,
,
.

Z .
.
, .

.
.
+ -
m
Z Z-1 n , V ,
A
Z Z+1.

mV
m
m
( z 1), n ( z 1) >> V ( z ), n ( z ) >> V ( z + 1), n ( z + 1)
A
A
A
+ -
284
6.
.
. .
Z
Z+1 ,
Z 1 .

mV
m
m
( z 1), n ( z 1) << V ( z ), n ( z ) << V ( z + 1), n ( z + 1)
A
A
A
- .

mV
m
m
( z 1), n ( z 1) << V ( z ), n ( z ) >> V ( z + 1), n ( z + 1)
A
A
A

n .

+ , k , + , ip -
mV
m
m
( z 1), n ( z 1) >> V ( z ), n ( z ) << V ( z + 1), n ( z + 1)
A
A
A
,
, 37.1 [20]
. 37. . .
. 1976 .
600 3 2
. 99,5%.

m
n , V .
A

.
N
Li3N
Be4N
B5N
6
85.38
0.44
83.9
0.42
+
7
101.34 0.6
97.85
0.56
>>
0.08 37.92

8
87.4
0.43 <<const 114.71 0.75
>>
0.36 79.42
9
88.91
0.44 <<100% 108.53 0.66
>>
0.62 105.55
9
10
1

Язык

Елисеев - Введение в методы теории функций пространственного комплексного переменного Second edition

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Елисеев - Введение в методы теории функций пространственного комплексного переменного Second edition

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

..

z=Re =Re (z+j )

(6) =0, S=0,

= ei jirei = ei (1 ji ) = jei ( j j ) = jei ( j i ) = "

, , (z) /2. r= (. 8).

(1.13.) . (1.13.) (1.12.).

Re Re( ) = Re Re ' = a ' ;

d = Rei + j ei1 (1 ji ) = Rei + j 0e i1 jarctgi =

= dei + jdrei + iei ( + jr )d .

T ei + iei , rei + T ei , rei

(1.23.), (1.24.), (1.25.)

= e i j = e i cos1 jei sin1 = e i cos2 1 + sin 2 1 = 1.

[cos(re )+ j sin(re )]= e

ln[ ei (i j )] = ln + i + ln(i j ) = ln + i + ln 0 jarctg (i ).

ch = chz cos jshz sin . sh

sin(i j ) = sin i cos j cos i sin j =

cos(i + j ) = cos i cos j sin i sin j

. 19. C0, C1, C2, -

jR( z, ))( dz + jd ) = Q ( z, )dz R( z, )d +

Udx + Vdy + Pdz =

2) Udx + Vdy + Pdz = Udx + Vdy + Pdz ;

Udx + Vdy + Pdz = F (A) F ( B )

" 0 " = "(1 ji ) 0 ,

= const, r = const, = const, = .

ie i ( n +1) + j ( n +1) d + n +1 je i ( n +1) + j ( n +1) d .

J = n +1 ( n + 1)ijei ( n +1) + j ( n +1) n +1 (n + 1)ijei ( n +1) + j ( n +1) dd = 0

f ( ) f ( ) < , < , = ( ) > 0 , > 0 ,

l1 = Wei d iWei d R ei dr iRrei d ;

l2 = Wei dr + iei Wrd R ei d iRei d .

r = const; = var; = var .

jR )(ie i d + ei d + jirei d ) = l1 + jl2 =

= Wiei d + Wei d Rirei d +

jR )( iei d + jirei d + jdrei ) = l1 + jl2 =

= Wiei d + jrei Rd ei Rdr +

+ j iei Rd + irWei d + Wei Rdr.

l1 = ( iei W irei R )d ei Rdr =

= (Wei d + iei Wd ei Rdr iei rRd ) +

l1 = ei Wd e i Rdr (ie i W irei R )d =

= ln v + 4ki + 2k1j = ln v + 2ki + 2k1j,

dv = const = dei + jdrei

d * = dve 2i dd ie 2i rddr + jire 2i dd + jie 2i ddr.

= (U + jV ) ie 2i dd ire 2i ddr + jire2i dd + jie 2i ddr =

= ie 2i Udd ire 2i Uddr + ire 2i Vdd ie 2i Vddr +

JJ 1 = ie 2i d (Ud Urdr Vrd Vdr );

JJ 2 = ie 2i d (Vd Vrdr + Urd + Udr ).

ll1 ll2 C*, C*:

JJ = f (v )d = (U + jV )(de i + jdrei )(ie i d + jirei d ) =

2 (1 + ji )(1 ji ) 2 2(1 + ji ) 2(1 ji )

ji ) < ( a ) < lim z

r < R0 < R, n = 0,1,2,# d - -

lim (1 ji ) 0 (1 ji ) f ( ) = = e jarktgi e jarktgi . ,

f ( )d = [2ires = a f ( )]k + 2jres = a (1 ji ) f ( )

= 2 2 ji[ressg1 ( ) + ressg 2 ( )], -

> , > > .

= 2 ji[ressg1 (1) + ressg 3 (1 + 2 ji ) + ressg 4 (1 2 ji )] =

(cos cos , cos sin , sin cos , sin sin )dd ,

= cos cos , = sin sin , = sin cos , = cos sin . ,

2(cos cos + ji sin sin ) = e i + j + e i j =

(a + 2 cos cos ) 2 + 4 sin 2 sin 2

[(a + 2 cos cos )

[(a + 2 cos cos )

d = jiR 2 e 2i + 2 j dd = jiR 2 e 2i cos 2dd iR 2e 2i sin 2dd =

dS = jiR 2 e 2i cos2 sin 2 d

ll1 ll2 C, C: