Dysplasia- misshaped proximal femur Angle of Inclination- angle of neck of femur in transverse plane Normal= 125 Vara= <125

Valga= >125

Femoral Torsion- Retroversion and Anteversion of Femur Normal= 15 Retroversion= <15 (toes out) Anteversion= >15 (toes in)

Center Edge Angle- measurement of acetabulum from frontal plane Normal= 35 <35 means greater chance for femoral head to dislocate superiorly (less superior coverage of femoral head) Amount of femoral head coverage (top) provided by the acetabulum Frontal Plane Reference line (fixed-Red)) Acetabular line (Black) Average: 35 degrees in adults 38 degrees for men and 35 degrees for women (Adna et al, 1986) More verticle acetabular line indicates less superior coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum.

Acetabular Anteverison- from superior view, acetabular movement anteriorly in horizontal plane Normal= 20 >20 is excessive acetabular anteversion and encourages femoral dislocation anteriorly