ACT OF STATE; CASE1: SECERETRATE OF STATE OF INDIA VS.

COCKRAFT Military road- plaintiff enters- gravels on that road- negligence act- injury caused. Sovereign function

Case-2:

STATE OF RAJASTAN VS. VIDHAYAWATI

Collectors car- returning from the workshop- rash drive by the driver- killed plaintiff husbandPlaint filled a case against the state- no sovereign function State liable Case-3:

RANGARAJAN VS. UNION OF INDIA

Military truck carrying gas to the ship called INS Jamuna- negligence driving- killed 13 yrs. Old boy- act of stateSovereign immunity.

Minors cases:
Case-1: JHONSON VS. PYE: Minor misrepresented as a major and borrowed some money- court held that as a minor he was not liable. Case-2: WALMSELY VS.HEMENICK:

Case-3: JENNINGS VS. RUNDOLL

CORPORATION

Corporation can or cannot be sued It is an artificial person with legal right.

Case-1: POULTON VS. L&S.W Railway Station master wrongfully detained defendant as he refused to pay for his horse. Case-2: CAMPBELL VS. PADDINGTON CORPORATION Defendant constructed a stand in highway to view the funeral procession of Edward. It obstructed the view from plaintiff house. So he faced loss in the business.

VICARIOUS LIABILITY

PRINCIPAL: quit facit per alium facit per se Meaning: Innocent master is liable for servants torts. In Partnership firm if any partners commits a tort, the other entire partners are held liable.

Vicarious liability
Principal and agent Master and servant Partners TESTS FOR VICARIOUS LIABILITY >> CONTROL TEST >> ORGANISATION TEST

1, Principal and Agent: respondiate superior let the master be liable.