c



 









 





 





Skin
3 major parts
i) idermis outermost layer
ii) Dermis-middle region
iii)Hy odermis (su erficial fascia)-dee est region

Epidermis
J) Oom osed of keratinized stratifies squamos e ithelium. (Four cell ty es
with four to five layers)
c) Outer ortion of the skin is ex osed to the external environment and
rotects

Oells of epidermis
i) eratinocytes- roduce keratin
ii) Melanocytes- roduce the Jrown igment of melanin.
iii)Langerhans cells- activate the immune system.
iv)Merkel cells- (nerve sensation) function as touch rece tors in
association with sensory nerve endings.

@ayers of the Epidermis1 2

v) ctratum Basal
(1)Dee est layer and is attached to the dermis
(2)Oonsists of youngest keratinocytes
(3)Oells undergo ra id division
vi)ctratum c inosam (Prickly Layer)
(1)Oells contain filaments that are attached to desmosomes.
(2)Melanin and Langerhans cells are found here
vii)ctratum Granulosum (Granular)
(1)Thin. 3-5 layer cells where kerotinocytes change in
a earance.
(2)eratohyaline3 and lamellated granules accumulate in this
iii
layer. ii
1

To rememJer, use the hrase: Big ctrong Girls Like Oandy

dee est to closest
3 aratohyaline granules hel in the keratinization of the skin

(3)
viii)
ctratum Licidum (clear layer)
(1)Thin, trans arent Jand su erficial to stratum granulosum
(2)Oonsists of few, flat dead kerotinocytes
(3)Present only in thick skin ( alms and souls)
ix) ctratum Horneum (Horny Layer)
(1) Outermost Layer
(2) Accounts for of the e idermal thickness
(3)F: water roofs, rotects against aJrasion and enetration

iermis
d) cecond major skin region with connective tissue.

Oell types
i) FiJroJlasts macro hages (mast cells and WBO)
e) Oom osed of two layers a illary and reticular
i) Pa illary
(1)Areolar connective tissue with calogen and elastic fiJers
(2)cu erficial surface contains dermal a illae
(3)The dermal a illae is made u of ca illary loo s and
Meissners cor uscles and free nerve endings
ii) Reticular Layer
(1)Accounts for 80% of the thickness of the skin
(2)Oalogeneous fiJers and strength and resiliency to the skin
(a)lastic fiJers rovide stretch

ypodermis
f) cuJcutaneous layer to the dee skin
g) Oom osed of adi ose and areolar connective tissue

iv

eratinocytes ............................................................. 2
eratohyaline ............................................................ 2

@
Langerhans................................................................ 2

Melanocytes ............................................................... 2
Merkel .......................................................................... 2

Oreated a taJle of contents

Demoted Heading
iii Inserted footnotes
iv cwitched Jetween Outline view and s ilt car view as a way to view the document
in different ways.
v Oreated an index
ii