Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Images Hine, Lewis W. Miners: Breaker Boys. 1911. Photograph. The History Place. The History Place, 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/hinehugestown2.htm>. This is a photograph of breaker boys who worked in the Hughestown Borough Coal Company in Pittston, Pennsylvania. It is incorporated in the top banner of the home page.

Hine, Lewis W. Seafood Workers. Photograph. The History Place. Thehistoryplace.com, 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/hinebiloxi.htm>. This photograph shows young children working alongside adults picking shrimp in a seafood factory in Biloxi, Mississippi. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Hine, Lewis W. Boy Sweeper. 1908. Photograph. Library of Congress. Loc.gov, 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/cph/3b30000/3b37000/3b37700/3b37794r.jpg>. Pictured is a sweeper boy in Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Indiana. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Hine, Lewis W. The Factory: Rob Kidd. Photograph. The History Place. Thehistoryplace.com, 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/hine-

kidd.htm>. A photograph of a young worker, Rob Kidd, in an Alexandria, Virginia glass factory. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Hine, Lewis W. The Factory: 9 P.m. in an Indiana Glass Works. Photograph. The History Place. Thehistoryplace.com, 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/hine-indiana.htm>. This photograph of boys and adults working in a glass factory depicts the poor working conditions. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Hine, Lewis W. Unknown. 1910. Photograph. Loc.gov. Library of Congress. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. This is a photograph of boys and girls working in a London hosiery mill. It is used as the background for the timeline on the reform page.

Unknown. View from Newport Bridge in Middlesbrough. Photograph. British History and the Census. CHCC, 2002. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://chcc.arts.gla.ac.uk/images/urbanFactoriesFront.jpg>. This photograph shows urbanization with houses situated very close to the factories in Britain during the industrial revolution. It is incorporated in the top banner of the home page

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Industrial Revolution Child Labor Images. Http://banzaiek.info. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://mahmoodayashaddadalsaadi.wikispaces.com/file/view/farming_family.gif/17714 7291/farming_family.gif>. A photograph of children working together on a farm depicts

that child labor was common in a rural setting. It is incorporated in the top banner of the thesis page.

Unknown. Children Gleaning in the Fields 1800s. 1800s. Photograph. Lincolnshire Archives, United Kingdom. Learn with Museums. Learnwithmuseums.org.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.learnwithmuseums.org.uk/Learning/a-victorian-farm-inaction/ml468_2.jpg>. This photograph shows children working on farms. It is used on the thesis page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Regulation for Child Labor. Chip.choate.edu. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. http://chip.choate.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/HPRSS/department/Thematic %20World%20History/Fall %20Wikis/Regulation08/510ea4ca6f6664846b15ceae711a2811.jpg>. This photograph shows children working in a textile mill during the industrial revolution in England. It is used on the thesis page.

Unknown. Unkown. Photograph. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRmarshallIR.JPG>. This photograph shows young girls working in factory that are not even tall enough to reach the machines without standing on wooden boxes. It is used on the thesis page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Children in the Victorian Age. Http://college.saintebarbe.ecole.pagespro-orange.fr/victoria/children.htm. Web. 28 Jan.

2012. <http://college.saintebarbe.ecole.pagespro-orange.fr/victoria/images/atelier.jpg>. In this photograph there are numerous children at work in the factory. It is incorporated in the top banner of the background page.

Unknown. An Urban Tenement. Photograph. The Industrial Revolution. Teacherlink.org. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/home.html> . With the large migration of people into the cities, there are urban slums as a result as seen in this photograph. It is used on the background page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Child Labor Protests. Http://chip.choate.edu. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.learnhistory.org.uk/cpp/industrial-revolution-children.gif>. This is a photograph of working class children. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reaction page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. This Is Staffordshire. Thisisstaffordshire.co.uk, 17 Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.thisisstaffordshire.co.uk/images/localpeople/ugcimages/275796/Article/images/13580653/3258609.png>. This is a photograph of a pottery factory in Hanley, England. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. British Paintings. Goldenagepaintings.blogspot.com, 20 Sept. 2010. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_dLSVgS5AxBI/TJRe-

Bc2pHI/AAAAAAAA0X8/5AGXVwV_Drw/s1600/childworkers1.jpg>. This is a photograph of child chimney sweepers. It is incorporated on the top banner of the reaction page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Business Insider. Businessinsider.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://static6.businessinsider.com/image/4eba83f5eab8eadf2e000028/coal-childlabor.jpg>. This photograph is of child coal workers. It is incorporated on the top banner of the reaction to child labor page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. Industrial Revolution Child Labor Images. Banzaiek.info. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_9ppOYpMAdRI/TPoqM4OBPnI/AAAAAAAAAIE/ey2Lg1 N4s2k/s1600/lotsofworkers.jpg>. This is a photograph of many workers in a factory. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reform page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. The BBC. Bbc.co.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/victorian_schools/>. This is a photograph of boys sitting in a classroom in Britain. It is incorporated in the top banner of the conclusion page.

Unknown. Unknown. Photograph. The BBC. Bbc.co.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/victorian_schools/>. This is a photograph of girls sitting in a classroom in Britain. It is incorporated in the top

banner of the conclusion page.

International Labor Organization. Harvesting Rice, Bali, Indonesia, 1999. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. This is a photograph of a young girl harvesting rice in Bali, Indonesia in 1999. This is evidence that there are still child laborers. It is used on the conclusion page.

International Labor Organization. Preparing Tobacco Leaves, Laos, 2000. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. This photograph of a young girl preparing tobacco leaves in Laos in the 2000 is indication of the existence of child labor in this century. It is used on the conclusion page.

International Labor Organization. Stitching Soccer Balls, Pakistan, 1998. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. This photograph shows many children stitching soccer balls in Pakistan in 1998. This shows a modern day sweatshop. It is used on the conclusion page. International Labor Organization. Mine Worker, Colombia, 1996. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012.

<http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. Pictured is a young Colombian mine worker in 1996 indicating the presence of child mine workers today as was prevalent during the industrial revolution. It is used on the conclusion page.

International Labor Organization. Bonded Laborer in a Brick Factory, India, 1998. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. This photograph shows a young Indian brick worker in 1998. It is evidence that children today a still subjected to heavy duty labor. It is used on the conclusion page.

International Labor Organization. Domestic Servant, Senegal, 1996. Photograph. Child Labor Public Education Project. Labor Center University of Iowa. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/materials/documents/CLPE Pintrooverheads.pdf>. This is a photograph of a young domestic servant in Senegal in 1996. It is used on the conclusion page.

Tre, Tuoi. Unknown. Photograph. Tuoitrenews. Http://tuoitrenews.vn. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/features/child-labor-still-a-tough-nut-to-crack1.2756?url=http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/features/child-labor-still-a-toughnut-to-crack-1.2756>. This is a picture of a 12 year old boy working on a stamping

machine in Vietnam. It is used on the conclusion page.

Skartvedt, Judy. Unknown. Photograph. Eurasianet. Eurasianet.org. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.eurasianet.org/sites/eurasianet.org/files/imagecache/gallery/Stop%20Child %20Labor.jpg>. This is a picture of protesters, including this child, who are against forced child labor in the cotton fields of Uzbekistan. Child labor is still in existence in cotton fields and there is also opposition to it as was evidenced during the industrial revolution. It is used in the conclusion page.

Other Barrett Browning, Elzabeth. The Cry of the Children. Books & Literature Classics. About.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/ebbrowning/bl-ebbrowncry-1.htm>. This poem shows how the children were perceived to have reacted and treated in the workplace during the industrial revolution in England.

Trueman, BA, MA, Chris. "Children in the Industrial Revolution." History Learning Site. Historylearningsite.co.uk, 2000. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/children_industrial_revolution.htm>. This provided actual quotes of both children and adults about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution in England.

Sadler, Michael T. "Speech in the House of Commons, March 16, 1832 on Moving the Second Reading of the Factories' Regulation Bill." Speech. House of Commons. 20 Feb. 2012.

Wadsworth.com. Wadsworth. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/ext/world_hist/unbound/product/ wawhm01c/content/whis/modules/industrialization/historicaldocuments/ind_rd_cheyney. html>. This is an excerpt from a speech given by Michael Sadler to the House of Commons regarding the Factory Act. This showed Sadler's support of reform for child labor laws.

Secondary Sources
Books Corrick, James A. The Industrial Revolution. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print. I learned about the Factory Acts and other labor acts. This book also discussed how adults reacted to child labor and how they reformed and created child labor restrictions.

Dale, Henry, Rodney Dale, and Rebecca Weaver. The Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. Print. This book talked about the advancements in the industrial society and the inventions created during the industrial revolution. It also talked about the rise of the industrial society in Britain and the United States.

McCormick, Anita Louise. The Industrial Revolution in American History. Springfield, NJ, USA: Enslow, 1998. Print. From this book I learned about the children who worked during the Industrial revolution and the restrictions placed on child labor.

Nardinelli, Clark. Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990. Print. This book discussed how child labor affected Britain and the United States. It talked about reforms, restrictions, wages, and work hours.

Beck, Roger B. "The Industrial Revolution, 17001900." World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print. This provided an overview of the Industrial Revolution and its effect.

Images Richards, Frederick T. "Happy Childhood Days." Cartoon. Department of History University of Maryland. Http://www.history.umd.edu/. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.history.umd.edu/Gompers/Child%20labor%201.htm>. This cartoon signifies how industrialists were being viewed as child labor exploiters. It is used on the reaction page.

Unknown. British Factory System. Digital image. Pagefarm. Pagefarm.net. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pagefarm.net/wiki/images/f/f3/Revolution.jpg>. This depicts the factory system in Britain during the industrial revolution. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Unknown. Children line up to be paid. Digital image. The BBC. Bbc.co.uk, 2012. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/victorian_children_at_w

ork/>. This drawing illustrates how children would line up to be paid by the pay master. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Unknown. Manchester Cotton Mill. Digital image. The Wharf Castlefield. Brunningandprice.co.uk, 2012. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.brunningandprice.co.uk/images/pubs/thewharf/history/5.-Manchestercotton-mills-1820.jpg>. This image illustrates a cotton mill in Manchester, England in 1820. It is used in the slideshow on the home page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. Nettlesworth Primary School. Nettlesworth.durham.sch.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nettlesworth.durham.sch.uk/time/victorian/scavenger2.jpg>. This drawing depicts the demeanor of the children working in mills. It is incorporated in the top banner of the thesis page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. Powys Digital History Project. History.powys.org.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://history.powys.org.uk/images/builth/hayboys.gif>. This drawing shows that children often helped on the farm making hay during the summer months. It is incorporated in the top banner of the background page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution. Apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com/file/view/industrial_revolution-

1.jpg/268640410/557x382/industrial_revolution-1.jpg>. This picture depicts the newly formed urban society with numerous factories during the industrial revolution in America. It is used on the background page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. ISS World History Forum. Issworldhistory.forumotion.net, 30 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_industrial_town/06.ST.02/img/I M.1064_zp.jpg>. This is an image of a city created during the industrial revolution. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. AP European History Timeline Factory Act of 1833. Xtimeline.com, 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx? id=719531>. This drawing shows child laborers during the industrial revolution. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reaction to reform page.

Unknown. Unknown. Digital image. The Independent. Independent.co.uk. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.independent.co.uk/migration_catalog/article5237988.ece/ALTERNATES/w 380/19ukhome.jpeg>. This is a drawing of children working in a textile mill. It is incorporated in the top banner of the reaction to child labor page.

Unknown. Sir Robert Peel. Digital image. Famous Why. People.famouswhy.com. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.famouswhy.com/pictures/people/sir_robert_peel.jpg>. This is an image of Robert Peel who was an advocate for reform of child labor laws. It is used on

the reaction to child labor page.

Unknown. Michael Sadler. Digital image. En.wikipedia.org. Wikipedia. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/MichaelThomasSadler.jpg /200px-MichaelThomasSadler.jpg>. This is an image of Michael Sadler who led a commision on the inquiry of child factory workers and an advocate for reform of labor laws. It is used on the reform page.

Unknown. Spinning Jenny. Photograph. Nationmaster.com. Nationmaster.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Spinning-jenny.jpg>. This is a picture of a model of the spinning jenny, one of many specialized machines that gave rise to larger ones housed in factories. It is used on the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Unknown. Watt Steam Engine. Photograph. Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maquina_vapor_Watt_ET SIIM.jpg/300px-Maquina_vapor_Watt_ETSIIM.jpg>. This photograph of the Watt steam engine allowed factories the ability to be located where desired independent of wind and water. It is used on the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Unknown. A child working in a pottery factory. Digital image. Science Museum. Sciencmuseum.org. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/online/energyhall/page125.asp>. This is an image of a child working alongside adults in a

pottery factory in Staffordshire Factories in England. It is used in the timeline on the reform page.

Jackson, Peter. When Children Had to Work. Digital image. The Book Palace. Bookpalace.com. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.bookpalace.com/acatalog/Home_Peter_Jackson.html>. This image depicts a scene in which children are being rounded up to work in the factories and mills during the British industrial revolution. Ir is used in the timeline on the reform page.

Unknown. Workhouse Children. Digital image. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRworkhouse.IR.JPG>. This is a drawing of workhouse children during the industrial revolution. It is used in the timeline on the reform page.

Unknown. Young women and children working in Fisher's Patent Label Manufactory, 1857. Digital image. Enotes. Enotes.com. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://static.enotes.com/images/american-history/ahlt_0001_0001_0_img0086.jpg>. This is a drawing of women and children working in the Fisher's Patent Label factory in 1857. It is used in the timeline on the reform page.

Unknown. Factory Act Notice. Digital image. Quizlet. Quizlet.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2776/4516239756_2c850a1f39.jpg>. This is an image of a

Factory Act Notice which states what limitations were placed on factory workers. It is used on the reform page.

Unknown. "Age Distribution in Cotton Factories in Manchester and Stockport 1818-1819." Chart. Child Labor and the Division of Labor in the Early English Cotton Mills. 4th ed. Vol. 10. Douglas A. Galb, 1997. 11. Journal of Population Economics. Child Labor During the English Industrial Revolution. Wathatcher.iweb.bsu.edu, 2009. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://wathatcher.iweb.bsu.edu/childlabor/files/age1.png>. This chart illustrates that a significant number of workers in Manchester and Stockport were under the age of ten. It is used on the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Unknown. "Workforce in 1750 (Britain)." Chart. Child Labor in Factories. Www2.needham.k12.ma.us, 2002. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/workforce.jpg>. This pie chart indicates a lower percentage of child workers during pre-industrial revolution times. It is used on the reaction to the industrial revolution page.

Terre DesHommes. "Child Trafficking Is a Worldwide Phenomenon." Map. Global March. Globalmarch.org. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <globalmarch.org>. This is a map of how widespread child labor trafficking is today. It is used on the conclusion page.

ILO, UNICEF, and World Bank Group. "Big Numbers from Small Hands." Chart. Forbes. Forbes.com. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.

<http://images.forbes.com/media/magazines/global/2008/0310/global_0310_p63_f1.gif>. This series of pie charts illustrates how widespread child labor is currently around the world. It is used on the conclusion page.

Websites Rich, Ph.D., Cindy. "Childhood Lost - Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution." Eastern Illinois University :: Charleston, Illinois. Eastern Illinois University. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. <http://www.eiu.edu/~eiutps/childhood.php>. This website discussed the general lives of children during the industrial revolution.

"Child Labor in Factories During the Industrial Revolution." Needham Public Schools. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. <http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.html>. This website discussed what life was like for children in factories during the industrial revolution.

Wagner, Jennifer. "IHS Child Slave Labor News :: The History of Child Labor During the American Industrial Revolution." IHS Child Slave Labor News :: Home. IHS. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. <http://ihscslnews.org/view_article.php?id=95>. This website provided information on the different tasks which children had to perform in factories during the American Industrial Revolution.

Rosmanitz, Klaus. "Child Labour | From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day | Causes of

Child Labour." Articles in Easy, Understandable English for ESL Learners. English Online. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://www.english-online.at/society/child-labour/workingchildren-around-the-world.htm>. This website discussed the state of child labor during the present time.

Video Unknown. "Industrial Revolution." Turning Points in History. Unkown. Unkown. OV Guide. Ovguide.com. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ovguide.com/tv/turning_points_in_history.htm>. Clips of this video were used on several pages of the website. On the background page, it explained how mechanization brought about the formation of factories. On the reaction section, it shows how there was a change to an urban lifestyle with the creation of a new working class including children. The last clip on the child labor reaction page gives an account of a young girl's working life.

The Children Who Built Victorian Britain Part 4. Prod. Christina Macaulay. Perf. Jane Humphries. YouTube.com. YouTube. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rV7xNYyUf0&feature=related>. This is a animated clip of the reading of an excerpt of Michael Sadler's address to the House of Commons in 1832 regarding the Factory Act. It is used on the reform page.

Bringing Child Labourers Back to School. Dir. UNICEF India. UNICEF India. UNICEF Indai. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. <https://www.facebook.com/video/video.php? v=155742824438156>. This is a video clip of how programs in India have been set up to

help former child laborers transition into the school system. It illustrates how important education is in keeping children out of the workforce.

Other Secret Garden. "Ode to Simplicity." Ode to Simplicity. 1995. Secret Garden - Ode to Simplicity. Youtube.com. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=pncp172tzwo&feature=artist>. This instrumental musical piece had a melancholy melody which fit with the imagery on the home page.

Secret Garden. Promise. 2004. YouTube.com. YouTube. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD8yp9W-GR4&feature=artist>. This instrumental piece fit the mood and imagery found on the conclusion page.