. .

-
-
2

SOCKET AXES AND SICKLES FROM LOWER
DANUBE AREA

2011

CZU 902/9046377
2
36



..
- -
2

- . ,
.
, .
400 600 . 1 2. -, ,
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The work deals with the classification and systematization of the socket axes and sickles from Late Bronze
of Lower Danube Area. The problems of chronology, periodization, and interrelationships of the Lower Danube
material with findings from Eastern Carpathian and North Black Sea regions are discussed. The study includes
all available materials, the majority of which have been analyzed by the author of the present study. The database
includes 400 of findings of socket axes and ca. 600 sickles, which are briefly described and figured in the Annexions 1 and 2. The work is recommended for researchers and students in archaeology who are interested in the
methodology of the archaeological analysis, as well as for those who are interested in ancient history of Eastern
and South-Eastern Europe.
Volumul include analiza tipologic i sistematizarea topoarelor-celt i a secerelor din perioada trzie a epocii
bronzului de la Dunrea de Jos. n discuie se examineaz problemele ce in de cronologia, periodizarea i coraportul complexelor de Dunerea de Jos cu cele din zona Est Carpatic i Nord Pontic. Cercetarea are ca suport toate
sursele disponibile de documentare. Baza de date include informaii complete despre 400 de topoare-celt i peste
600 de seceri. Descrierea succint i ilustraiile acestora sunt inserate n Anexele 1 i 2.

- 09.820.07.01 UF

DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAIONALE A CRII

, . .
- - / . . ; .
. . . ; . . , - . ,
. . : . ., 2011 (.-. ).
ISBN 978-9975-78-839-7.
. 2: = Socket Axes and Sickles from
Lower Danube Area. 2011. 464 p. : fig., tab. Tit., paral.: lb. engl., rus. Text:
lb. rus. Rez.: lb. rom., engl. Bibliogr.: p. 389-399 (272 tit.). 400 ex. ISBN 9789975-53-062-0.
902/9046377

ISBN 978-9975-53-062-0

..................................................................................................................................... 12

1.
................................................................................................................... 14
2. ................................................................................................................. 18
3. ......................................................................... 22
4. ........................................................................................ 23

I.
1.

................................................................................................................ 27
- . ................................................................................................................. 27
- ............................................................................... 28
-
............................... 37

2.
.

..................................................................................................... .48
, /Dievo............................................................... 49
- ..................................................................................................................... 50
- - ............................................................................. 52
- ................................................................................................... 55
- - ................................................... 60
- - ................................. 66
- ........................................................................................................... 70

. A .................... 72
- .................................................................................. 77
- .................................................................................................................. 86
- .............................................................................................................................. 89

........................................................... 90
- . (-).............................................. 92
- . /Ocnia ........................................................................ 94
- , , ................................................. 97
- ........................................................................................................................... 102
- ...................................................... 103

3.
.

............................................................................................ 106
..................................................................... 106
.................................................................................. 106
- . ............................................................... 106
- , . 1 ................... 108
- .................................................................................................................. 110
.............................................................................. 114
- . /Ploieti ................................................................. 116
- . /asimcea ............................................................. 117
- ............................................................................................. 120
- ....................................................................................................................... 125

.................................................................. 127
.................................................................................. 128
- , /Blcescu ....................................................... 128
, ..................................................... 128
- . 2 ............................................... 130

4
-

, .
2 ...................................................................................................................... 132
............................................................................................. 134
, .
/Logreti ............................................................................................................ 138
.............................................. 139

4.

, c c................................................................................. 143

5.
a.
.

.............................................................................. 145
............................................................................................... 145
.............. 147

6.
.

........................................................................................... 152
..................................................... 153
- ................................................................... 157
....................................................... 168
........................................................................ 172

.
.

II. C
1.
a.
.
.

.............................................................................................................. 177
....................................................................................................................... 177
..................................................................................................................................... 178
.................................................. 183

2.
.
.
.
.

............ 186
, ................................... 187

................................................................................................................. 190
........................................... 191
............................................................................................ 193

3.
.
.
.
.

..................................................................................................................... 195
/Dievo ............................................................................................................ 195
/Drajna .......................................................................................................... 198
/Vyrbica ........................................................................................................ 202
................................................................................................... 205

III. .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

- .................................................................................................................................... 209
......................................................................................................................... 216
- ( ) ........................................................................................................... 222
.......................................................................... 231
......................................................................................................................... 234
.............................................................................................................................................. 236

5
IV. ,
,

1.

--................................................. 241

2.

, ...................... 246
- I- . .............................................................................. 246
- II- ................................................................................ 255
- III- . ........................................................................... 260

SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 264

REZUMAT .................................................................................................................................................. 272

.
1.
I.

........................................................................................... 282

1 ( 1-136)
1. . /Dievo (. 1. . 1-10, 1-136) .............. 282
2 ( 1-56)
2. (. 2. . 11-14, 1-56) ................... 297
3 ( 1-45)
3. (. 3. . 15-17, 1-45) .......................... 306
II.

................................................................................... 312

4 ( 1-70)
4. (. 4. . 17-21, 1-70) ............... 312
5 ( 1-85)
5. (. 5. . 21-27, 1- 85) .......... 321
6 ( 1-12)
6. c (. 6. . 27-28, 1-12) ........................... 332

2.
1 ( 1-444)
1. /Dievo (. 7. . 29-51, 1-444) ....................................................... 335
2 ( 1-88)
2. /Drajna (. 8. . 51-56, 1-88) ........................................................ 372
3 ( 1-60)
3. C /Vyrbica (. 9. . 56-58, 1-60) ..................................................... 382
............................................................................................................................................. 389
........................................................................................................................... 400
1-58 .................................................................................................................................401-458

CONTENT

Authors remarks .......................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
1. On historical prospective of study of socket axes and sickles from Lower Danube Area. ...................14
2. The state of the art..............................................................................................................................18
3. Objectives and methods of research...................................................................................................22
4. Database description...........................................................................................................................23

Section I. SOCKET AXES

1.

Introductive information .....................................................................................................................27

- History of the research.................................................................................................................27
- Database and principles of its organization .................................................................................28
- Some general trends of socket axes from Lower Danube Area, or the test
of the Kundera eect the eect of actualization of the beginning ........................................37

2.
a.

Socket axes with arch-shaped facets ...................................................................................................48

Socket axes with hollows on facets, or the Dichevo type....................................................................49
- Geographical distribution of findings ...........................................................................................50
- Technical-morphological characteristics ......................................................................................52
- Metrical characteristics ................................................................................................................55
- On chronology and space/time occurrence .................................................................................60
- Correlation of metrical and technical-morphological characteristics ..........................................66
- Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................70

b. Socket axes with ornamented arch-shaped facets Virbitza A and Pelovo types .................................72
- Socket axes of Virbitza A type and their variants .........................................................................77
- Socket axes of Pelovo type ...........................................................................................................86
- Brief conclusions ..........................................................................................................................89
.

Socket axes with non-ornamented arc-shaped facets.........................................................................90

- Socket axes with high proportions. Dancu type (Esenitza-Florentin) ...........................................92
- Socket axes with low proportions. Ocnia type. ...........................................................................94
- Origins, area of distribution, and chronology ..............................................................................97
- Results of analysis ......................................................................................................................102
- Main conclusions on socket axes with arch-shaped facets ........................................................103

3.
a.

Socket axes with trapezoid facets......................................................................................................106

Socket axes with continuous trapezoid facets ...................................................................................106
Socket axes with ornamented facets ................................................................................................106
- Socket axes with hollows on facets. Gorsko Kosovo type ...........................................................106
- Socket axes ornamented with vertical ribs. Vyrbitza T1A type. ................................................108
- Correlations of the types............................................................................................................110
Socket axes with non-ornamented facets .........................................................................................114
- Socket axes with low proportions. Ploieti type. ........................................................................116
- Socket axes with high proportions. asimcea type. ...................................................................117
- Correlations with other types ....................................................................................................120
- Brief conclusions ........................................................................................................................125

b. Socket axes with short trapezoid facets. ...........................................................................................127

Socket axes with ornamented facets .................................................................................................128
- Socket axes with hollows on facets, Blcescu type ....................................................................128
Socket axes ornamented with vertical ribs ........................................................................................128
- Socket axes with ornamented facets. Vyrbitza T2A type. ..........................................................130

7
4.

Socket axes with combined ornamented facets and ladder-like ornament on the body.
Vyrbitza T2B type. ......................................................................................................................132
Relationships with other types ..................................................................................................134
Socket axes with short, non-ornamented, and trapezoid facets. Logreti type. ........................138
Main conclusions on socket axes with trapezoid facets. ............................................................139

Socket axes with unusual shape and oval cross-section....................................................................143

5. Main conclusions on typology of socket axes. ..................................................................................145

a. Categories and typological range ......................................................................................................145
b. Genetic trend of development and chronological range of occurrence ...........................................147
6.
a.

Problem of complex periodization. ...................................................................................................152

Periodization of treasures based on formalized method ..................................................................153
- Metric parameters as chronoindicators. ....................................................................................157
b. Periodization of treasures based on metric parameters ...................................................................168
c. On duration of accumulation and existence of treasures .................................................................172

Section II. SICKLES

1.
a.
b.
c.

Introductive information ...................................................................................................................177

History of studies ..............................................................................................................................177
Database ...........................................................................................................................................178
Test with the Kundera eect the eect of actualization of the beginning ...................................183

2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Classification of sickles based on metric parameters and their ratios analysis. ................................186
Group of sickles with maximal length, weight, and their ratio. ........................................................187
Sickles grouped according to blade bending and its ratio with respect to maximal length ..............190
Length of cutting and handle parts and their ratio ...........................................................................191
The coecients of proportionality ...................................................................................................193

3.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Description of types ..........................................................................................................................195

Sickles of Dichevo type ......................................................................................................................195
Sickles of Drajna type ........................................................................................................................198
Sickles of Vyrbitza type......................................................................................................................202
Correlation between sickles and socket axes ....................................................................................205

Section III. SOME ADDITIONAL CATEGORIES OF METAL TOOLS AND ARTIFACTS

ON THE ORIGIN OF DICHEVO CENTER OF METALWORKING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Adze-chisels .......................................................................................................................................209
Grooved chisels .................................................................................................................................216
Sword-daggers (and daggers) ............................................................................................................222
Pins with rhomboid plate heads........................................................................................................231
Spearheads ........................................................................................................................................234
Razors ................................................................................................................................................236

8
Section IV. ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY, GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STAGES,
COMPLEXES, AND METALWORKING CENTERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
WITH OTHER GROUPS
1.

Absolute chronology of Coslogeni-Noua-Sabatinovka Cultures ........................................................241

2.

Brief description of periods, complexes, and metalworking centers ...............................................246

- First period complexes: Dichevo center .....................................................................................246
- Second period complexes: transitional ......................................................................................255
- Third period complexes: Vyrbitza center...................................................................................260

SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................264

ANNEXES. CATALOGUE
ANNEX 1. SOCKET AXES.
I.

SOCKET AXES WITH ARCH SHAPED FACETS ......................................................................................282

Plate 1 ( 1-136).
1. Socket axes with hollows on facets, the Dichevo type (Map 1. Tab. 1-10, 1-136) ...................282
Plate 2 ( 1-56).
2. Socket axes with various ornaments (Map 2. Tab. 11-14, 1-56) ..............................................297
Plate 3 ( 1-45).
3. Socket axes with non-ornamented facets (Map 3. b. 15-17, 1-45) ......................................306
II.

SOCKET AXES WITH TRAPEZOID FACETS............................................................................................312

Plate 4 ( 1-70)
4. Socket axes with continuous trapezoid facets (Map 4. Tab. 17-21, 1-70) ................................312
Plate 5 ( 1-85)
5. Socket axes with short trapezoid facets (Map 5. Tab. 21-27, 1- 85) ........................................321
Plate 6 ( 1-12)
6. Socket axes with unusual shape and oval cross-section (Map 6. Tab. 27-28, 1-12) ................332

ANNEX 2. SICKLES
Plate 1 ( 1-444).
1. Sickles of Dievo type (Map 7. Tab. 29-51. 1-444) ...................................................................335
Plate 2 ( 1-88).
2. Sickles of Drajna type (Map. 8. Tab. 51-56. 1-88) ....................................................................372
Plate 3 ( 1-60).
3. Sickles of Vyrbica type (Map 9. Tab. 56-58, 1-60) ....................................................................382

BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................................389
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................................................400
TABLES 1-58 ...................................................................................................................................... 401-458

CUPRINS

Cuvnt nainte ............................................................................................................................................. 12

INTRODUCERE
1. Istoricul cercetrii topoarelor-celt i a secerelor de la Dunrea de Jos ............................................... 14
2. Stadiul actual al cercetrii ................................................................................................................... 18
3. Obiectivele i metodele de cercetare .................................................................................................. 22
4. Caracterizarea bazei de date ............................................................................................................... 23

I. TOPOARE-CELT
1.

Date preliminare ................................................................................................................................. 27

- Istoricul cercetrii......................................................................................................................... 27
- Principiile de structurare a bazei de date ..................................................................................... 28
- Despre unele tendine generale ale dezvoltrii topoarelor-celt de la Dunrea de Jos sau
verificarea efectului Kunder efectul actualizrii nceputului.................................................. 37

2.
a.

Topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale ...................................................................................................... 48

Topoare-celt cu orificii pe prile late, tipul Dievo ............................................................................ 49
- Spaiul de rspndire a descoperirilor ......................................................................................... 50
- Caracteristicile tehnico-morfologice ........................................................................................... 52
- Indiciile dimensionale ................................................................................................................. 55
- Cronologia i manifestrile spaial-temporale ........................................................................... 60
- Raportul ntre indiciile dimensionale i tehnico-morfologice ..................................................... 66
- Concluzii finale ............................................................................................................................ 70

b. Topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale ornamentate

Tipurile Vyrbica A i Pelovo .........................................................................................................
- Topoare-celt de tip Vyrbica A i variantele acestuia....................................................................
- Topoare-celt de tip Pelovo...........................................................................................................
- Rezultatele sumare......................................................................................................................

72
77
86
89

c.

Topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale fr decor..................................................................................... 90

- Topoare-celt cu proporiile nalte. Tipul Dancu (Esenica-Florentin) ............................................ 92
- Topoare-celt cu proporiile joase. Tipul Ocnia ........................................................................... 94
- Originea, spaiul de rspndire, cronologia ................................................................................. 97
- Rezultatele analizei ................................................................................................................... 102
- Concluziile principale n cazul topoarelor-celt cu faetele arcoidale ......................................... 103

3.
a.

Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale............................................................................................... 106

Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale............................................................................................... 106
- Topoare-celt cu faetele ornamentate ..................................................................................... 106
- Topoare-celt cu orificii pe prile late. Tipul Gorsko Kosovo ..................................................... 106
- Topoare-celt cu decor n form de nervuri longitudinale. Tipul Vyrbica 1 ............................ 108
- Raporturile ntre tipuri .............................................................................................................. 110
Topoare-celt cu faetele fr decor .................................................................................................. 114
- Topoare-celt cu proporiile joase. Tipul Ploieti ........................................................................ 116
- Topoare-celt cu proporiile nalte. Tipul Casimcea .................................................................... 117
- Raporturile cu alte tipuri ........................................................................................................... 120
- Concluzii succinte ...................................................................................................................... 125

b. Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale scurte ....................................................................................

Topoare-celt cu faetele ornamentate .............................................................................................
- Topoare-celt cu orificii pe prile late, tipul Blcescu ...............................................................
Topoare-celt cu decor n form de nervuri longitudinale.................................................................
Topoare-celt cu faetele ornamentate. Tipul Vyrbica 2 ................................................................

127
128
128
128
130

10
Topoare-celt cu faetele ornamentate i decor pe corp n form de scri. Tipul Vyrbica 2B .... 132
- Raporturile cu alte tipuri ........................................................................................................... 134
- Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale scurte fr decor. Tipul Logreti ..................................... 138
- Concluziile principale n cazul topoarelor-celt cu faetele trapezoidale .................................... 139
4.

Topoare-celt cu seciunea oval ....................................................................................................... 143

5. Concluziile principale n rezultatul taxonomiei topoarelor-celt ....................................................... 145

a. Categoriile i setul tipologic ............................................................................................................. 145
b. Direcia genetic a dezvoltrii i evoluia cronologic ..................................................................... 147
6.
a.

Problematica periodizrii complexelor.............................................................................................

Periodizarea depozitelor n baza metodei formalizrii .....................................................................
- Particularitile dimensionale n calitate de indicii cronologice ................................................
b. Periodizarea depozitelor n baza indiciilor dimensionale .................................................................
c. Cu privire la durata de acumulare i existen a depozitelor ...........................................................

152
153
157
168
172

II. SECERI
1.
a.
b.
c.

Date preliminare ..............................................................................................................................

Istoricul cercetrii .............................................................................................................................
Baza de date .....................................................................................................................................
Verificarea efectului Kundera efectul actualizrii nceputului ....................................................

177
177
178
183

2.

Clasificarea tipologic a secerelor n baza analizei indiciilor dimensionale i a proporiilor

acestora ............................................................................................................................................ 186
a. Clasificarea secerelor n baza lungimii maxime, greutii i a raporturilor acestora ........................ 187
b. Clasificarea secerelor n baza nlimii cotului de la intersecia lamei i a mnerului
i a raportului cu lungimea maxim ................................................................................................. 190
c. Lungimea lamei i a mnerului secerelor i raportul acestora ......................................................... 191
d. Coeficienii proporiilor .................................................................................................................... 193
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Caracteristica tipurilor ......................................................................................................................

Seceri de tip Dievo ..........................................................................................................................
Seceri de tip Drajna ..........................................................................................................................
Seceri de tip Vyrbica .........................................................................................................................
Raportul secerelor cu topoarele-celt ...............................................................................................

195
195
198
202
205

III. ALTE CATEGORII FUNCIONALE.

CU PRIVIRE LA ORIGINILE
CENTRULUI DE PRELUCRARE A METALELOR DIEVO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Dlile plate ...................................................................................................................................... 209

Dlile cu toc de nmnuare longitudinal i lam faetat pe una din prile late .......................... 216
Pumnale-spade (i pumnale)............................................................................................................ 222
Ace cu plac rombic ....................................................................................................................... 231
Vrfuri de lance ................................................................................................................................. 234
Brice ................................................................................................................................................. 236

11
IV. CRONOLOGIA ABSOLUT, CARACTERISTICA GENERAL A PERIOADELOR,
COMPLEXELOR I A CENTRELOR DE PRELUCRARE A METALELOR
I RAPORTUL CU ALTE GRUPE
1.

Cronologia absolut a culturilor Coslogeni-Noua-Sabatinovka ........................................................ 241

2.

Caracterizarea succint a perioadelor, complexelor i a centrelor de prelucrare a metalelor ......... 246

- Complexele I perioade. Centrul de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo ........................................... 246
- Complexele perioadei a II-a de tranziie................................................................................. 255
- Complexele perioadei a III-a. Centrul de prelucrare a metalelor Vyrbica .................................. 260

REZUMAT ................................................................................................................................................. 272

ANEXE. CATALOGUL DESCOPERIRILOR

ANEXA 1. TOPOARE-CELT
I.

TOPOARE-CELT CU FAETELE ARCOIDALE .......................................................................................... 282

Lista 1 ( 1-136)
1. Topoare-celt cu orificii pe prile late. Tipul Dievo (Harta 1. PL. 1-10, 1-136) ........................ 282
Lista 2 ( 1-56)
2. Topoare-celt cu motive ornamentale diverse (Harta 2. Pl. 11-14, 1-56) ................................. 297
Lista 3 ( 1-45)
3. Topoare-celt cu faetele fr decor (Harta 3. Pl. 15-17, 1-45) ................................................. 306
II.

TOPOARE-CELT CU FAETELE TRAPEZOIDALE .................................................................................... 312

Lista 4 ( 1-70)
4. Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale (Harta 4. Pl. 17-21, 1-70) ............................................. 312
Lista 5 ( 1-85)
5. Topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale scurte (Harta 5. Pl. 21-27, 1- 85) .................................. 321
Lista 6 ( 1-12)
6. Topoare-celt cu seciunea oval (Harta 6. Pl. 27-28, 1-12) ...................................................... 332

ANEXA 2. SECERI
Lista 1 ( 1-444).
1. Seceri de tip Dievo (Harta 7. Pl. 29-51, 1-444) ....................................................................... 335
Lista 2 ( 1-88).
2. Seceri de tip Drajna (Harta 8. Pl. 51-56, 1-88) ......................................................................... 372
Lista 3 ( 1-60).
3. Seceri de tip Vyrbica (Harta 9. Pl. 56-58, 1-60) ........................................................................ 382

BIBLIOGRAFIE ........................................................................................................................................... 389

LISTA ABREVIERILOR ................................................................................................................................. 400
PLANE 1-58 ......................................................................................................................................401-458

12

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Tichirghiol, Smbta Nou 2, , ,
Socu, Logreti, . ,
, ,
Lesura-Vrbica, , , : , , 1-2,
, . (Hnsel 1976. 36
. Abb. 3. Karte 1).
(Stufe III-IV),
- ,

,
Turia-Jupalnic, MoigradTuteu , , Fizeul Gherlei-Sngherghiul de Pdere (HaA1-HaB2=XI-IX .
..), M. Rusu. Smbta
(Nou) I Mlada Gvardija, (Brlad, Rafaila; Valea
Rusului), (Pietrosu, Boldeti), (Plenia), (Smbta Nou
1) (, ,
.) (Hnsel 1976. 41
. Abb. 3. Karte 1).
, , , -

16

, B. Hnsel

,
, ,
.
B. Hnsel,
1976 ..
, -
( 1976). , , ,
-
,
-
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- . , , . .

,
, , ( 1976. 26, 59). , , ( -12)
(
-22), , , ., ,
( = XI) (
1976. 73, 97, 26, 59, 152).
, 1977 , M. Petrescu-Dmbovia,

, .
, V. Rusu (1963),
70- . (Petrescu-Dmbovia 1971; 1971a).
, ,
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, M. Petrescu-Dmbovia
,
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, BrD,

Drajna de Jos, Oinacu .,
Nicolae Blcescu, Gura Dobrogei,
Costana Palas (Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977.
22, 78 ).
HaA1, M.
Petrescu-Dmbovia, Sacoi Socu,
Techirghiol Smbta Nou
2, , ,

(Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 24, 120-121).
HaA2 HaB1, , Slcioara,
Boldeti Pietrosu, Plenia Smbta Nou 1 (Petrescu-Dmbovia
1977. 24-25, 125, 139-140).

17
, , . ,

. (
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(Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 22). ,
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UriulDomneti, Reti
Bleni, DrajnaOinacu, N. BlcescuGura
Dobrogei M. Rusu M. PetrescuDmbovia, BrD
XIV-XIII . ..;
2, CincuSuseni, Techirghiol M.
Rusu M. Petrescu-Dmbovia, XIII-XII . ..
, JupalnicTuria, MoigradTuteu
Smbta Nou 1 M. Rusu
M. Petrescu-Dmbovia, XI ,
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70-
,
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( 1978. 176 ). ,
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18
, ..


,
, :
.
..,
(=), 1, , ,
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Drajna de
Jos, Olteni, N. Blcescu, Gura Dobrogei ,
-, Oinacu ( 1978. 250).
1, 2, ,
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..

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( 1978.
252 ., 277-261).
,
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(i, 1982),
IV ( 1995),
Dancu (Dergacev 1991).

. igneti (Florescu A.
1991), Coroteni (Bobi 1981), Mihai Bravu
(Haruche, Constantinescu 1983), Pietroani
(Leahu 2003), Casimcea (Simion 2005) .
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2005), (. ),
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RUSU M.
1963

PETRESCU-DMBOVIA M.
1977

UriuDomneti

Drajna de J.,
Oinacu,
Olteni,
Putreda,
Logreti,
Oinacu,
Olteni,
Putreda,
Logreti

Constana P., Oinacu

N.Blcescu,
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Constana P., =
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C=,
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19

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Slcioara,
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Boldeti,
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HNSEL B.
1976
,

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J., Olteni,
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Pdureni

M. Petrescu-Dmbovia (1977), B. Hnsel (1976),

. (1978) .. (1978)

, . ,
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B. Hnsel (1976. 29 .), .
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248 ).
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M. Rusu (1963), ,

P. Reineke H. Mller-Karpe.
, ,

(. 1), , ,
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M. Rusu , , P. Reineke, ..
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20
BrD HaA1. , ..
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(HaA1).
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M. Petrescu-Dmbovia Drajna
de Jos, Olteni, Putreda, Logreti
BrD.
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), ( 30
).

21
, B. Hnsel (1976. 35, 38, 40-41)
Drajna de Jos ( M. Petrescu-Dmbovia BrD)
HaA1.
, .. (1978. 257260)
, ,
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, BrD, HaA1,

. , .
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lteni) , ,
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( Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. Pl. 96,
6, 8 . 21, 3-4).
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1933), Fr. Holste (1951;
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1963). , 70- .,
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1971; 1977; 1978), , ,
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22
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23
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24
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25
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M. Rusu (1963)
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(1976), .. (1978) .
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K. Vinski-Gasparini (1973) R. Vasi (1982)


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26
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27

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28
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30
.

. (

,
).
,
, 1.


:
1. Agatovo = . (2 ex.: .21* . 12, 22; .4
. 19, 28);
2. Bourovo = Bo. (5 ex.: .1 . 1, 2-6);
3. Dievo (=Sokol) = DS. (16 ex.: .1 . 1,
7-12; . 2, 13-19; .2 . 12, 26; .4
. 20, 40; .5 . 24, 41);
4. Dolgopol = Dp. (2 ex.: .1 . 4, 51; .6
. 28, 8);
5. Esenica = Es. (3 ex., ..: .3 . 16,
20; .4 19, 37; 20, 38)
6. Florentin = Fl. (2 ex.: .3 . 16, 30-31);
7. Gorsko Kosovo = GK. (29 ex.: .1 . 2,
20-27; . 3, 28-30; .2 . 12, 19-20;
. 13, 29, 37; .4 . 17, 5-6; .
18, 16, 21-24; .5 . 22, 8; . 24, 3440; . 27, 77);
8. Gorsko Slivovo -?2**= GS. (2 ex.: .2 .
12, 21; .5 . 26, 68);
9. Gradenica = Gr. (1 ex. .2 . 14, 54);
10. Guljancy = Gu. (2 ex.: .5 . 25, 51-52);
11. Kubrat = Kb. (1 ex. .1 . 3, 34);
12. Kazanlyk-? = Kz. (2 ex.: .1 . 3, 32-33);
13. Loznica = Lz. (1 ex. .1 . 3, 36);
14. Ova Mogila = OM. (32 ex.: .1 . 4,
40-45; .2 ; .2 . 12, 14-18; . 13,
30-31 . 14, 55-56; .4 . 18, 25;
. 19, 26-27; .5 . 24, 42-49; .
27, 78-82; .6 28, 1);
*
, 1.
**

.

15. Pelovo = Pl. (5 ex.: .2 . 14, 42, 48-49,

53; .5 . 25, 60);
16. Pobit Kamyk = PK. (2 ex., ..: .1 .
4, 47; .6 28, 4);
17. Prodimec-? = Pr. (2 ex.: .5 . 25, 57;
T. 26, 69);
18. Rjahovo-? = Rh. (2 ex.: .1 . 4, 49-50);
19. Ruse -? = Rs. (3 ex.: .1 . 5, 53-55);
20. Samovodene = Sv. (7 ex.: .1 . 5, 56-62);
21. Semerdievo = Sm. (1 ex. .1 . 5, 63);
22. Sofia = S. (2 ex., ..: .5 . 21, 5a;
.6 . 28, 5).
23. Sokol = Sk. (4 ex., . .: .3 . 16, 32ab,
32c; .4 . 19, 33 ab; .5 . 25, 56);
24. Straica = St. (5 ex.: .1 . 6, 65; .2
. 13, 32, 35-36; .5 . 25, 61);
25. umen- ? = S1. (2 ex.: .1 . 6, 71-72);
26. Tyka = Tk. (1 ex. .3 . 15, 16);
27. Vyrbica 1 = V1. (36 ex.: .1 . 6, 74-76;
.2 . 11, 1-8; . 12, 27-28; .
13, 38-39; .3 . 16, 23-25; .4 .
17, 1-2, 9; . 18, 10, 17-19; .5 . 22,
9-17; . 26, 70-71);
28. Vyrbica 2 = V2. (35 ex.: . 2 . 11, 9-13;
. 13, 40-41; . 14, 51-52; .3 .
16, 26-27; .4 . 17, 3-4; . 18, 20;
.5 . 22, 18-21; . 23, 22-33; .
26, 72-76);
29. elju Voivoda = Zv. (2 ex., . .: . 1 .
7, 77; .4 . 19, 34 ab);
:
30. Brdiceti = Br. (1 ex., .. .5 . 22, 7);
31. Casimcea = Ca. (5 ex.: .1 . 7, 83-84;
.4 . 20, 42-43; .6 . 28, 10);
32. Cireoia I-? = Ci. (2 ex.: .2 . 14, 44;
.4 . 18, 11);
33. Constana Palas = CP. (12 ex.: .1 . 7,
85-91; . 8, 92-96);
34. raiova -? = Cr. (2 ex.: .3 . 15, 10-11);
35. Drajna de Jos = DJ. (1 ex.: .1 . 8, 97);
36. Logreti-Moteni = LM. (2 ex., ..: .5
. 21, 3-4);
37. Mihai Bravu = MB. (2 ex.: .1 . 8, 98;
.4 . 20, 41);
38. Nicolae Blcescu = NB. (9 ex.: .1 . 8,
99-105; .2 . 14, 45; .5 . 21,1);
39. Ocnia = Oc. (1 ex. .3 . 15, 5);
40. Oinacu = Oi. (15 ex.: .1 . 8, 106-108;
. 9, 109-119; .3 . 15, 9);
41. Pietroani = Pt. (2 ex.: .1 . 9, 121-122);
42. Techirghiol = Tg. (1 ex. .6 . 28, 9);
43. Ulmi-Liteni = UL. (1 ex. .1 . 10, 123);

31
. :
44. Chiinu = Ch. (1 ex. .4 . 20, 51);
45. Dancu = Dn. (5 ex.: .1 . 10, 124-125;
.3 . 15, 1-2; .6 28, 6);
46. Enichioi = En. (3 ex.: .1 . 10, 135136; .2 . 14, 47)
47. Hristici = Hr. (1 ex. .4 . 20, 50);
48. Lozova = Lv. (1 ex. .6 . 28, 7);

55. Ostrovci = Os. (1 ex., .. .4 . 20, 54);

56. Rajgorodka = Rg. (1 ex. .4 . 21, 68);
57. Starosele = Ss. (2 ex.: .1 . 10, 131-132);

:
49. Antonovka = An. (4 ex.: .4 . 20, 5556; 21, 57-58);
50. Avraamovka = Av. (1 ex. .1 . 10, 127);
51. Boravskoje = Br. (1 ex. .3 . 17, 41);
52. Kurjaci Lozy = KL. (1 ex. .4 . 21, 59);
53. Majaka -? = Mj. (1 ex. .1 . 10, 129);
54. Orechovo = Or. (1 ex. .1 . 10, 130);

, , , :
61. Dobrinci = Do. (1 ex. .3 . 17, 35);
62. Futog = Ft. (1 ex., .3 . 17, 38);
63. Gornja Bela Reka = GB. (1 ex. .3 .
16, 33);
64. Mali Izvor = MI. (1 ex. . 2 . 12, 24);
65. Privina Glava = PG. (1 ex. .3 . 17, 36);
66. Tekirdag = Td. (1 ex. .1 . 7, 80).

. 4.

:
58. Keszthely = Ks. (1 ex. .3 . 17, 40);
59. Palotabozsok = Pb. (1 ex. .3 . 17, 39);
60. Simonfa = Sf. (1 ex. .4 . 21, 69);

( )

32


:
1. ltimir (.5 . 25, 50);
2. Asenevgrad (.2 . 14, 46);
3. Boaza (.1 . 1, 1);
4. erven Breg (.2 . 13, 33);
5. Chotnica 1 (.1 . 3, 31);
6. Chotnica 2, .. (.5 . 26, 63);
7. Cakonica (.5 . 25, 62);
8. Dolni Lukovit (.4 . 19, 29);
9. Galatin (.5 . 25, 53);
10. Goce Delev (.2 . 12, 23);
11. Goljamo Peene (.5 . 25, 54);
12. Jambol, .. (.4 . 19, 36).
13. Judelnik (.3 . 15, 15);
14. Kamenica (.5 . 27, 83);
15. Karabeir (.3 . 16, 22);
16. Karlukovo, .. (.2 . 14, 43);
17-18. Leskovec 1-2 (.2 . 14, 50; .5
. 25, 55);
19. Lesura (.2 . 12, 25);
20. Ljulin (.3 . 16, 21);
21. Ljuljakovo, .. (.1 . 3, 35);
22. Lova (.5 . 26, 64);
23. Manisea (.5 . 25, 58);
24. Mitrovci (.5 . 25, 59);
25. Nenovo (.1 . 3, 37);
26. Nova Zagora (.1 . 3, 38);
27. Novgrad (.1 . 3, 39);
28. Pazardik (.5 . 27, 84);
29. Pela (.1 . 4, 46);
30. Preslav (.1 . 4, 48);
31. Razgrad (.1 . 4, 52);
32. Skalica, .. (.1 . 5, 64);
33. Stara Zgora (.4 . 19, 32);
34. Studenica (.3 . 15, 17);
35. Svilengrad (.1 . 6, 66);
36-41. umen1-6 (.1 . 6, 67-70; . 3
. 15, 18-19;
42. Vazovo (.1 . 6, 73);
43-44. Vidin1-2 (.3 . 16, 28-29);
45. Vryv (.5 . 26, 67);
46. Bolgaria, .. (.1 . 7, 78);
47. Bolgaria, . . (.4 . 19, 35);
:
48. Blbneti (.4 . 20, 46);
49. Blneti (.4 . 20, 47);
50. Botoani (.6 . 28, 3);
51. Braov (.3 . 15, 8);
52-53. Bucureti (.3 . 15, 6-7);

54. Cscioarele (.1 . 7, 82);

55. Crlogani (.4 . 18, 12);
56. Cerat (.5 . 26, 65);
57. erna (.2 . 13, 34);
58-61. Cernica, .. (.3 . 17, 44; . 4
. 20, 44; .5 . 22, 6; . 6 .
28, 11);
62. Corlate (.3 . 15, 14);
63. raiova (.3 . 15, 12);
64. Gneasa (.4 . 18, 13);
65. Izvoarele (.4 . 17, 7);
66. Izvoru (.4 . 19, 31);
67. Mgura (.3 . 15, 4);
68. Orodel (.5 . 26, 66);
69. Oeleni (.4 . 20, 49);
70. Petreti (.5 . 21, 2);
71-72. Ploieti (.4 . 18, 15; . 21, 70);
73. Radovanu (.4 . 19, 30);
74. Sabangia (.1 . 9, 120);
75. Sineti (.4 . 18, 14);
76. Suharu (.3 . 15, 13);
77. Tercheti (.4 . 20, 45);
78. ibucani (.4 . 20, 48);
79. Urluieni (.3 . 17, 43);
80. Vdeni, .. (.6 . 28, 2);
81. Vutcani (.3 . 15, 3);
. :
82. Capaclia (.3 . 17, 45);
83. Comrat (.4 . 20, 53);
84. Rcani (.1 . 10, 126);
85. Tigina/Bender (.4 . 20, 52);
:
86-87. ernjahiv 1-2 (.1 . 10, 128; .4
. 21, 62);
88. Kiev (.4 . 21, 60);
89. Srednee Podneprove (.4 . 21, 61);
90. Kirovograd (.4 . 21, 63);
91. Vojskovoe (.4 . 21, 64);
92-93. Kapulovka 1-2 (.4 . 21, 65-66);
94. Ljubimovka (.4 . 21, 67);
, , , .:
95. Pjatigorsk (.5 . 27, 85);
96. Sterne Dergisi (.1 . 7, 79);
97. Dubravica (.3 . 16, 34);
98. Crkvina (.3 . 17, 37);
99-100. Deutschland1-2 (.1 . 10, 134;
.3 . 17, 42);
101. sterreich (.1 . 10, 133);

33
, , 399 . 298 66
( 8 17 )
(. 3). 101 ( 13 )

(. 4).

29 ( , 5 ) 209 (
13 ) 47 ( 7 ) ,
256 , 236 , 20 .
14 56 ( 2
3 ) 34 (
5 )
90 , 82 , 8 . , , 14 (
), 24 ( )
13 (
) , 37 , 36 , . 16
,
9 (3),
(5) (1),
7 ,
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34

. 5.

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5). ,
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35
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( 21%).

36

. 6. :
I : ( 1),
( 2), ( 3);
II : ( 4),
( 5);
III ( 6)

(
70 , 85),
, ( 1. 4 5), ( , ).

,
(. 6, III). ( 12 ), -

, ( 1. 6).
, ,
,
(
1)

.
,
.

37

,




,
. ,
, - / ,
. ,
,
,
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,

( 2010. 128 .).

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-

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,
,
.
,

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,

,

.

38

( 1, 1-5).
.
, , ,
,
: BrD-HaA,
BrD
,
(.. HaA1), HaA-HaB,

HaA1
HaB2/HaB3.

,
.
58 (
66) , 282
(.. 70% ). -

,
6. 58 , 31 ,
106 ( ),
BrD BrDHaA1.
, (=), ,
Constana Palas, Nicolae Blcescu, Oinacu,
Dancu, .,
, Drajna de Jos, LogretiMoteni, .
27 , 176 , HaA1
HaB2/HaB3.
-

, , , , 1
2, Ocnia, . , , ,
,
. , .
7
. ,

(. . 3).
, ,
5,7-6,0 14,014,5 ( 65%) 8,0 11,0
. , 8,0-11,0 , ..,
,
.
, ,
.
, , , , ,
BrD BrD-HaA1.
HaA1-HaB2/HaB3, ,

.

,
,
9,5 14,0 . -

39
OM

20

Sf
V2
V2

CP

V2
15

Fl

V2

V2

V2

V2

V2

GS

V2

GK

V1
Pl
10

DS

V1

OM

V2 V2 GK

V1

V1

PG

GK V2 GK

OM

St Sk Gu GB

V1

V2 OM GK V1 DJ

OM

V2 Gr OM OM OM

V1

V2 V2 GK Ss An

OM

V2 St Es OM V2 Pl GK V2 V1 V1 GK St LM V2

OM
OM
5

V2

V1 V2 Gk GK V1 Es GK V2 St An KL Oi Oi MI

OM OM A OM Sk V1 V1 Gk GK V1 V2 Ch V1 GK Pt Dn Oi Oi GK

OM

V1 OM OM V2 Pr V1 V1 Gk V1 V1 V1 Ul V1 NB NB Oi S1 Oi GK

OM V1 V1

Pl OM

HaA1-2 - HaB1- 2/3

V2 V2 V2 OM V2 Pr GK V2 V1 Ss LM Oi Oi V2
OM

Gu
V1

,
BrD, BrD-HaA1

Dn
Mj

V1 A OM Gk OM Gk V1 V1 An V1 GK NB V1 Pt Sv NB Rh Oi Oi V2 Sk ZV CP

OM Pl OM GK OM V2 Ks OM Ft V1 Fl Ca GK GK Sv Av Oi Rh NB DS Oi Oi V2 Sk Or Rs

MB

CP

CP ZV

CP

CP CP Tk

CP

OM GK V1 OM V2 OM Pl Do Gk V1 DS GS Rg GK Es Ca GK An Ds Sv NB Bo NB DS Lz Oi DS St Kz DS CP CP Ca Dn Kz

Td Ca CP Dp

0 V1 Oi Br V1 GK OM V1 Pb Os DS DS Oc Hr MB NB Sv St Sv DS Sv NB Bo Sv Bo Bo Rs DS Bo DS DS S1 DS DS Kb DS CP CP Dn DS Rs PK
6

. 7.

10

11

12

13

Sm

14.0 cm

. BrD BrD-HaA1,
HaA1-2 HaB1 HaB2/3. . .
3

, :


, , , (.7).
,
,
BrD.
Constana Palas, (=), ,
Mihai Bravu, Dancu . ,
, ,
,
. ( 1978. 256),
, (
1933) Tekirdag
,

(Hansen 2005. 304).

,
HaA1-HaB2/HaB3.
11,0 5,7-6,0 , , , 10,0
7,5 . (.
8). , , ,
-

. 8.

( . 7, ).

40
,
.

, , ( ), , (
), ,
( ), .
, , .. , , .
, , , ,
1, 2, , , , , Ocnia.
,
, HaA1 (. . 1).
,
,
HaA1 HaB2/HaB3, ..
. ,
, , ,

HaA2-HaB1 HaB1HaB2/HaB3. , ,

, , , , , 1.
,
,
, : -

,
. ( 14,0
11,0 ),
BrD, ,
HaA1-2 HaB12/B,
( 11,0
6,0 5,7 ).
,
,
, , - .

. 9.

C () () : 1 BrD
BrD-HaA1; 2 HaA1HaB2/3.

41
9,
282

. ,
,
BrD BrD-HaA1,
HaA1 HaB2/3 ,
, . ,
,
10,0 14,0 2,8
4,2 . , 11,0 6,0
2,6-2,8 3,7-3,8 .

9,8 11,2
. ,


.
, ,
, .

. , , .
, ,
,
,
.
,
, , ,

, ,
,
,
,

/ ( 2010. 30). .
10
,
, , .
,
( ).
1.
(. 7), ,
3. 11

,
3.
, , . ,
, , BrD
BrD-HaA1, , 3

,

( )

.

42
25

20

15

10

OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
V1
V1
Pl
Pl
Pl
Pb
OM OM OM V2
Gu V1 V1 OM GK
V1 V1 Oi OM GK
2,0

OM
OM
OM
V1
V1
V1
A
V2
V2
Ks
Do
GK
DS

OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
V1
Br
Oc
GK
GK

OM
OM
OM
OM
V1
V1
V1
A
V2
V2
Pl
GK
GK
Hr

OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
Gr
V2
V2
V2
V2
V2
V2
V2
Sk
GB
GS
GK
GK
GK

V1
V1
Pl
Ft
Pr
Gu
V2
V2
V2
V2
V2
GK
GK
GK
GK
DS

OM
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V2
V2
V2
V2
LM
St
St
GS
GK
NB
S1
Sv
Lz
DS
DS

OM
V1
V1
V2
V2
V2
GK
Av
NB
Kb

OM
V1
Pr
V2
V2
V2
Sk
Ss
St
St
GK
GK
An
Oi
Oi
CP
CP
S1
Sv
Sv
Sv
DS
DS
DS

OM
V2
V2
PG
Ss
GK
GK
DJ
Dn
Ca
Sm
Rs
Rh
DS

3,0

V1
V1
V2
V2
V2
V2
V2
Mj
GK
GK
GK
GK
Td
Sv
Dp
Kz
NB
DS
Bo

V1
ZV
LM
GK
An
Os
Ch
Pt
Oi
MB
CP
Sv
DS
DS
DS
Bo

V2
Sf
GK
GK
GK
An
MB
Or
Dn
Pt
Oi
Oi
NB
NB
Ca
CP
CP
CP
Rs
Rh
DS

ZV
Oi
Oi
Oi
NB
CP
CP
Kz
DS
DS
DS
Bo

MI
Rg
GK
Kl
Oi
Oi
Oi
Oi
NB
NB
NB
Ca
Sv
PK

Sk
Sk
Oi
Oi
CP
Bo
Bo

DS Sv

,
BrD, BrD-HaA1

GS GK

,
HaA1-2 - HaB1-2/3

Es
Es
Dn
UL Ca
CP CP St An
Rs CP Tk Dn

Fl

Fl

Es

4,0

. 10.

3,0 4,0, , HaA1 HaB2/3,
, ,
3,0 2,0
(. 12; . 13). ,

2,8-3,3 ,

.
, ,
. ,
, ,
, .
10,
, ,
1.
. 209
, ,

. 11.
(
. 10,
).

(), 1 2,
, , , ,
Constana Palas, Nicolae Blcescu, Mihai
Bravu, Dancu , - . ,
,

Oinacu,
.

43

HaB - HaA

BrD

V1

25

20

15

OM

V1

OM

OM

V1

V1

OM

V1

V1

OM

GK

V1

OM OM

GK

V1

OM OM

GK

V1

OM OM

GK

V1

OM OM

GK

V1

OM OM

V1

GK

V1

OM

V1

GK

GK

GK

OM

V1

GK

GK

GK

OM

V1

GK

GK

GK

OM

V1

GK

GK

GK

V1

V1

GK

GK

V2

OM

V1

GK

GK

V2

V2

OM

V1

GK

Gu

V2

V2

OM

V1

GK

GS

V2

V2

OM OM

GK

Gr

V2

V2

V2

V1

OM OM

GK

V2

Pl

V2

V2

V1

V1

OM OM

GK

V2

Oc

V2

Bo

V1

V2

OM OM

Fl

V2

NB

V2

Rh

V2

V2

V1

Pl

V2

NB

V2

Rh

V2

V2

10

V1
OM

Gu

Mj
V2

V2

CP

Dn
DJ

MB

V1

Pl

Kl

Fl

NB

NB

NB

Bo

V1

V2

V2

Or

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

V1

V1

V2

An

Do

NB

Ch

NB

Bo

V1

V2

V2

Tk

S1

DS

CP

CP

CP

S1

GK

Pl

V1

DS

UL

An

An

NB

Bo

V2

V2

V2

Rs

DS

DS

Rs

DS

CP

CP

Dn

GK

Pl

An

DS

NB

DS

Dn

MB

Av

V2

DS

DS

DS

DS

DS

Lz

DS

DS

CP

Rs

Kb

Dn

Sm

0
100

200

300

400

500 gr

. 12. , .

12,

. , ,
,

250 . , 250 500, , .
250 60-70 (. 12). ,
, , ,
HaA1 HaB2/3, , -

, ,
BrD BrD-HaA1, , ,
,
100 240 , 260
500 .
,
(. 13).
.
,
, BrD

44

. 13.
() ()
. , Nicolae
Blcescu,

BrD-HaA1, , , HaA1 HaB2/3

(. 13, I-II).
,

.
, 10,5 14,0 ,
270-280 500
(. 15, I). , 6,0
11,0 , ,

70-80 240-250
(. 13, II). ,
. -

,
,
(. 7-9; . 13) , , ..

(. 12-13). , ,
, , ,
,
.
, 12,
,
,
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
Constana Palas, Mihai Bravu, Dancu, (. 12, , : DS, Sm, S1, Rs, Kb, CP, MB, Dn, Or).
, , ,

BrD (. 1).
, (,
Dancu, , A .)
(. 12, 100-240 , : DS, Dn, An, Av) ,

.
, (.
1), Nicolae Blcescu,
. , , , ,
, , (. 12,
: NB, Bo, Rh),

45
BrD. (. 7, .
10), Oinacu,
,
.
.
, , ,
, ,
,

.




, ,

. ,
,
,
,
, . ,

: .
,
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,
(. 9-11). ,
( -

, ), ,

11,0 (. 14-15). ,
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11,0 ,
()
11,1 .
14,
, , . :
(
,
- ), ,
.

- ( ) ,
(
),
, ( . ) (. 14, I- II).
, ,

. , . , :
36 (
248 : 43 205
), 17 41


( 2). -

46

. 14. (-B) ()
( 11,1 ) ( 11,0 ) .
I , , II , .

.
15
, 55 ,
12 ,
150 .

. 13 12 ,
(),
57 : 26 31
.
, 56
, 53 94,6%
.
262 , 204 78,2%
(. 14).

Constana Palas (12 .), Casimcea (2), (9), (2), -

(2), (2), (1),

(1), Oinacu
(13 .), Nicolae Blcescu (9), Pietroani (2),
(4), (7), (2), (4), (3) (4). , , ( 2 2 .), ,
: 1 (36) 2 (33),
(31), (29), (7),
(5) ,
1-2 .

, 14 , ,

-

47
.
,
,

(. 14) .
,


, . , ,
.

( ) ,
,

:
1. ,
- ( 2010),
. 14,5 11,0
11,0 7,0-6,0
(. 7-9).
2. . , ,

4,0-3,0, ,
3,0 2,0 (. 10-11).

3. ,
.
, , 280300 500 ,
270-250
60-70 (. 12-13).
4. , , N. Blcescu,
Oinacu, Pietreti, ( ),

BrD (. 1, . 12-13).
5. - , ,
, BrD,
HaA-HaB. Constana Palas, Casimcea, Mihai Bravu, ,
, , ,
, , , : Nicolae Blcescu, Oinacu,
Pietreti, 1 2,
, , , ,
.
6. ,
. BrD ,
-
, (HaA-HaB)
,

48
, - ,
. , ,
.
,
,
(. 14).
.
/
, -

.
.


.
, , .. , ,
,

.

2.

. ,
,

, .
,
(. 6, I):
,
1 (. 1);
,

, 2

, 3.
,


, ,
(. 6, II A-B):

, 4

,

,
.
,
: (.
6, I),
(. 6, II) ,
(. 6, III).
, , , ,
.

, , ,

, .. -

49

,
5.
6
(. 6, III), .
.
,

.
, .
, 1,
.

. ,
/Dievo ( 1. 1)
.
, ,
, , ( - ),
( ) (
).
(=) , 13 (. 1,
7-12; . 2, 13-19).

, 60-
. -,
, , .

70- . , -
, ..
12 ( 1976. 73), ,

,
18 (
1978. 189).

( 1997. 21; Dergaev 2002. 165). ,
,
,
, (
).
,
,
.
.
56
( :
),
1351
, 34%
57% .

,

, .
,
1

,
.
( 1. 1
135-136, . 10, 135-136),
.

50
( 1, 1, . 1-10),

15.
135 130
, ( 35, 47, 64, 77-78). 130
21 ( ) , , 109
30 , ,
22 , ,

2-6*

7-19

13

31

20-30

11

37

-? 32,33

. 38

34

39

36

46

1
1

. 40-45

48

-? 49-50

52

51

66

10 .-? 53-55

10 .. 67-70

11 56-62

11 73

12 63

12 St. Dergisi 79

13 65

13 Csciorele 82

14 .? 71-72

14 Sabangia 120

15 1, 74-76

15 Rcani 126

16 Tekirdag 80

16 128

17 Casimcea 83-84

17 133

18 Constana Pal. 85-96

12

18 134

19 Drajna d Jos 97

20 Mihai Bravu 98

21

21 Nic.Blcescu 99-105

22 Oinacu 106-119

14

23 Pietroani 121-122

24 Ulmi-Liteni 123

35

25 Dancu, 124-125

47

26 127

64

27 129

77

28 130

78

29 131-132

30 Enichoi 135-136

109
56
109

26

. 15. .
* 1. 1. 1

8 5 14 .

Oinacu 14 ., 13 .,
Constana Palas 12 .
11 (. 15).
.
. 16
(. 1. 1.
1),
. ,

, ,
- . ( )
, , ,
:
,
- .
(. 16, III-IV).
,

,
,
(. 16, I-II).
Rcani (
126) Ulmi-Liteni
( 123),
( 128) , ,
Dancu ( 124-125), Enichioi ( 135-136),
( 127), ( 129),
( 130), ( 131-132).
,
(Dancu, Enichioi ), ,

51

. 16. ( .: 1.
1. 1)
: I , II , III-IV ,
V

,
( , ) ,

. (
) ,
,
, , .
,

,


(. 16, III),
Sabangia ( 120)

22 , : Casimcea ( 83-84), Constana

Palas ( 85-96), Mihai Bravu ( 98)
Nicolae Blcescu ( 99-105).
- ( ).
15 ( 1,
31, 37-39, 46, 48, 52, 66-70, 73, 82) 75 17 ( :
7-19, 20-30, 40-45, 56-62, Oinacu
106-119, 2-6 .). , ,

( 35, 47, 64, 77 78) (. 16,
IV). ,

52

,
-. ,
,
, ,
Tekirdag ( 80), Sterne
Dergisi ( 79). ,

Altn Tepe,
-

, , ,
, , ( 35, 64,
77-78).
(. 16, V).
,

.
, Constana Palas (Irimia 1982, 344-345,
Tab.1), , (
Ag Bi, Co Ni
As Sb) XII,
.. ( 1978. 177. . 90)
-

,
,
.
-

,
,
,
.
, ,
.
,

( 2 B. Wanzek Wanzek 1989. 4749. Abb. 5, 2).
(. 3, 35), (. 5, 64),
(. 7, 77) , -, (. 4, 47).
, ,

- .

,

( 3 B. Wanzek Wanzek 1989.
47. Abb. 5, 3-4). (. 7, 78)
,

(. 2, 20-27; . 3, 28-29;
. 4, 40-41,44; . 5, 57-62
).
- (. 5, 63), ,

( 5 B. Wanzek Wanzek 1989. 47-49. Abb. 5, 8).

. -

53
, ,
. , ,
,
(. 2, 15), - (), .
.
, ,

. , ,
( ).

, , , 2/3
.
,
. 1-2
,
. ,
,
(. 1, 7; . 2, 20, 24, 27; . 3,
28, 34-35; . 4, 42-44, 49 . .).

, , ,
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. 8, 95), -
(. 3, 29) (. 3, 30; . 6, 74; . 10, 123).
,
,
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Casimcea, ,
, (. 7,
82-83).
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, ,
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121-122, . 10, 134-?).

.
,
, , (. 6, 72).

,
,
.
,

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.
,
,
- . (. 1, 6-7; . 3, 28;
. 4, 42-45, 50; . 5, 54-55; . 6,
65, 71 .).

(
) 17. , 135
: ,

54

. 17. : 1 ,
, 2 , 3 , 4 , ( 1. 1)

( ) (.
17, 4). 128
, 80
(. 17, 1), 34 (. 17,
2), 14 (. 17, 3).

. , , ,

(. 1, 4, 8, 11; . 2, 14, 18-19;
. 3, 36; . 4, 44-45; . 5, 54-57

.).
,
(. 1, 12; . 3, 35; . 5, 64; .
7, 77, 79. 80-? .). ,
(. 3, 34), (. 1, 5).

,
. 18.
- ()
. -

55

. 18. () ()
( 1, 1).

,
, ,
,
.




:
(.
19),
(. 20).
. -,
8,0
14,0 (. 19), 2,5-2,8 4,3 (. 20).

,
,
,
.
,

, , .
,
8,0 11,2-11,4 , 11,4-11,5
14,0 (. 19). ,
,

56
36
18
16
13

10

32 12
06 17 09
31 21 02 14 08

26 01 00 10 97 15

35

91

23

22 69 99 74 39 11

98

87

05

19 57 60 71 36 07

94 89

84

62
41

78 42 65

30 93

76 27 04 49 29 50 24 67

29 55 96 86 83 25

56 82 03 40 27 13 22 53 35

77 52 72 85 46 73

43 75 59 30 61 44

15 45 33

92

'28

14 58 28

23 12 21 26 11

20

25 10

10

68
88

54

33 19 70 64 38 37 32 79 24 20 48 90
4

17 18 31

11

34

12

66 95 80 16 51 47 34
13

63

14 cm

. 19. ( 1. 1)

36
31

28

62

97

26 33

61

93

16 21

49

77

15 17

42

75

14 09

41

73

15

10

65

0
2

32

18

13

96

30

12

59

29

30

66

67

11

58

28

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64

10

57

25

07 06

55

22 08

50

24

05

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04 02

45

23

89

00

82

43

22

99

78

21

20
35

88

29

98

84

53

87

94

70

24

86

69

46

68

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52

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48

60

38

54

71

36

91

83

20

44

26

31

18

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17

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79

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56

03

76

13

40

19

12

11

37

16

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23

15

01

27

33

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51

25

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34

63
4

. 20. ( 1. 1)

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3,4 4,0
(. 20).

,
/
.
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21, ,

() () .

57

. 21.
() () ; I , II
.

.
11,3-11,4 14,0

27
05
78
74
43
39
34

32
19
06
69
61
60
59
44
35
30
15
12
86
85
72
17

3,0

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10

41

75
45
1

33
28

71
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31
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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64
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65
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66

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67
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68
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71

. 35. : (1-3),
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74
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75
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76

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77
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78
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79

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18 ; 19

80
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81

. 42. :
: 1-3 1; 4, 2; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ;
D: 8 2; 9-10 1; 11 Nicolae Blcescu;
: 12-13 1; 14 ; 15-16 ; 17 ; 18 Cerna; 19 ; 20
; 21 Cireoaia

.
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82
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83

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84
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85

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26-35 - (26 ,
27 , 28 Nicolae Blcescu; 29 , 30 1; 31-34 2, 35 Smbta Nou 1).
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P. adurschi, I. Cerneleanu, C. Rusu, 25 .. .

86
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87
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88
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89

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91
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92
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93

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94
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95

. 51. /Ocnia (): 1 Mgura; 2 Ocnia; 3-4 Bucureti; 5 Oinacu;

6-7, 25 raiova; 8 Corlate; 9-10 ; 11 ; 12-13, 26 1; 14, 27 2; 15
; 16 ; 17 ; 18 Palotabozsok; 19 Keszthely; 20 ; 21 Hannover; 22
Urluieni; 23 Cernica; 24 Capaclia; 28 ; 29 Crkvina

96
. 17, 43-45),
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15, 6-7, 10-12), (. 15, 18-19;
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97

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98

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101
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102
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103

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107
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108

. 58. : 1-2 1; 3-4 2; 5, 7 ; 6 Izvoarele; 8 Ulmi-Liteni.

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109

. 59. 1: 1-3 1; 4 2; 5-8 ; 9-11 ; 12 ;

13 ; 14 Radovanu; 15 Izvoru; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 2021 ; 22 .

110
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111
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113
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114

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115
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16 70
12 58

100

51

41
200 gr

. 65. Ploieti Casimcea

(1), (2), (3), (4) (5)

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116

. 66. Casimcea Ploieti

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3), (. 68, 4-7).

117

. 68. Ploieti: 1-2 1; 3 Cireoaia; 4 Crlogani; 5 Gnesa; 6 Sineti; 7 Ploieti; 8

; 9 ; 10 Hristici.

, ,
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(. 69, 5-9), (. 69,
11-12) (. 69, 19-25).

118

. 69. Casimcea: 1 Mihai Bravu; 2-3 Casimcea; 4 Cernica; 5 Tercheti; 6 Blbneti; 7 Blneti; 8
ibucani; 9 Oeleni; 10 Chiinu; 11 Tighina; 12 Comrat; 13 i; 14-17 ; 18 ;
19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24-25 ;
26 ; 27 ; 28 Simonfa; 29 Ploieti.

Tei IV Cernica (.
69, 4), ,

i (. 69, 13)

(. 69,

26). c
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,
Casimcea (. 7, 83-84).

119

,
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120
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. 70. Dancu- Ocnia Casimcea Ploieti

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121
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122

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124

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125
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126
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127
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128
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129

. 76. /Blcescu 1 Nicolae Blcscu 2: 2-7 1; 8-13 2;

14-17 ; 18 ; 19-23 ; 24 ; 25-26 ; 27 ; 28
; 29 ; 30 ; 31 ; 32 ; 33 ; 34 ; 35 ; 36
; 37 2; 38 ; 39 Cerat; 40 Orodel; 41 ; 42 ; 43 .

130

. 2
(. 76, 2-43)
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56; . 26, 63).
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76,35; . 25, 61).
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76, 24; . 76,24; . 25, 50),
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. 26, 64).
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(. 76, 30; . 25, 56),
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131

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27
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26
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60
47
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52
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5
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24
23

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5,

74
73
72
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37

53
20

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77
71
66
65
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51
35
32
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30
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39
24
23

41
31
25
22
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49
48

72
25

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58
40
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75
55
31

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10

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40
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70
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83

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300 gr

. 77. 2
2 (1), (2), (3), (4) (5)

132
. ,
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2.
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301 (. 77,
5). ( 14 )
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133

. 78. 2: 1-2 1; 3-7 2; 8 ; 9-13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 .

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134
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9; . 26, 71-72, 76; . 27, 78).
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135
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136
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137

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138
. ),

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/Logreti (. 85)
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(. 85, 1) LogretiMoteni/-, (. 85, 2-3; . 21, 3-4).



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),
Tei IV Cernica
(. 85, 5; . 22, 6),
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139
(. 85, 1,3, 6). Logreti,

(. 85, 6),
Nicolae Blcescu (. 76, 1), ,
, .
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Blcescu (. 76, 1),
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HaA1, . ,
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,
Ocnia ( ) Ploieti ( ),
(. 86).

(. 87)

,
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. 86. ,

140
.
,
.
, / .

, ;
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.
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BrD Constana Palas
(.7, 85; . 8, 95), (.
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HaA-HaB, : (. 3,
29-30), 1 (. 6, 74; . 16, 24)
(. 25, 51).
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(.7, 85;
. 8, 95), , ,


Ploieti Casimcea, BrD (
, Hristici . 20, 50;
Mihai Bravu, Casimcea, Chiinu
. . 20, 41-43, 51, 55-56),
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1() ).
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),

141
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2 . 63). , (7-8 .),
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,

HaA1. Dancu,
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142
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() ,
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143
4. , c

( 1. . 6. 6.
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Vdeni (. 88, 2).
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10,0 , ,

. 88. c .
1 ; 2 Vdeni; 3 Botoani muz; 4 ; 5 .; 6 Dancu; 7 Lozova;
8 ; 9 Techirghiol; 10 Casimcea; 11 Cernica. 12 .

144
.
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.

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.

,

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1 ; 2 Vdeni; 3 Botoani muz; 4 ; 5 .; 6 Dancu; 7 Lozova;
8 ; 9 Techirghiol; 10 Casimcea; 11 Cernica. 12 .

145
, (. 88,
4-5). ,

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,
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.

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BrD (Dancu, Lozova Casimcea . 88,

6-7,10), Ha1
(, Techirghiol . 88, 8-9).
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.
,

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, , HaB,

( ).

5.

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, ,
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.

146

. 90. .

,
, 90.
,
(. 90),
,
236 . 59,2% . 11 , 9
(191 .
80,9%
47,9% ), (45 . 19,1% 11,3
). Oinacu (75 ., 31,8%
18,8% )
(60 .
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, -F )
4 10
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( 1,0 2,5% ).
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(31 . 13,1% 7,8%),
Dancu- () (14
. 5,9% 3,5%).

,
, . 153 38,3%, 68 (17,0%)
,
85 (21,3%) .
, 109 .

147
71,2% (27,3% ),
44
28,8% (11,0%
).
29
42,6% ( ), 39
57,4%.
, 80 94,1%,
5 5,9%.
1 22
. 32,4% ( 5,5 ),
7 . 10,3% ( 1,8%).
Casimcea 29 ., 42,6%
( 2,5% ), Ploieti
(10 . 14,7% 2,5%).

80 .
94,1% 20,1%
. 63 (74,1% 15,7%)
2, 16 (18,8% 4,0%)
2 1 (1,2% 0,3%)
N. Blcescu,
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1,3%).
,
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,
.
, ,
, -,

,
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60
75 ,
15,0 18,8%.
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14 31
7,8 3,5%.

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10 3 2,3 1,0%.

,
(. 90).
,
,
91.

,
,
, / BrD (
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HaA-HaB, ,
.
, , , , , , ,

148
(. 92).
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(. 92).
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(. 92).
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G. Kosovo

G. Slivovo ?

Gradenica

Guljancy

Kubrat

Kazanlyk ?

Leskovec ?

Loznica

10

11

12

13

14

Casimcea

Cireoia ?

Constana P.

raiova ?

Drajna de Jos

Logreti-M.

Mihai Bravu

N. Blcescu

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Vyrbica 1

28

32

Tyka

27

Brdiceti

umen ?

26

31

Samovodene

25

Vyrbica 2

Straica

24

elju-Voivod

Sokol

23

30

Sofia- muz

22

29

Ruse

Semerdievo

21

19

20

Prodimec ?

Rjahovo ?

18

Pelovo

Florentin

17

Esenica

Ov. Mogila

Dievo=S

Pobit Kamyk

Dolgopol

16

Bourovo

15

Agatovo

..

1,98

1,97

12.85-96

2.83-84

2.71-72

1,63

3.53-55

1,47

1,36

2.32-33

1,34

11.7-13, 16-19

1,51

Dicevo

7.99-105

1.77?

3.74-76

7.56-62

1,65

2.49-50

6.40-45

11. 20-30

2. 14-15

5.2-6

Oinacu

1,11

3.1-3

2.16-17

1,19

1,26

2.9-10

1,42

2.14-15

1,21

1,13

3.4-6

1,18

1. 20

1,22

1.45?

1,12

2.7-8

Vyrbica A. 2

1,44

2.27-28

1,32

2.30-31

1,29

2.40-41

2.38-39

2.35-36

1,37

2.51-52

3.48-49, 53

2.55-56

1,54

Pelovo
2

1,16

2.32a,c

2.30-31

1.20a

Dancu
Esen.,
3

2.10-11

2.26-27

3.23-25

Ocnia
3

2.3-4

2.1-2

2.5-6*

G.
Kosov
4

1.20,

3.17-19

1,33

3.25-27

4.21-24

1,28

T1

1.34?

2.37-38

T1(b)

Vyrbica T 4

1,11

2.9-10

1,16

1. 40

Ploieti
4

1,41

2.42-43

Casimcea
4

1,7

16.18-33

9.9-17

1,61

1.56a

2.57,69

1. 60

8.42-49

1,55

2.51-52

1,68

7.34-40

1,41

Vyrb. T2A
5

5.72-76

2.70-71

5.78-82

1,77

Vyrb.
T2B
5

2.3-4

1.5a

1.8*

Logreti
5

1,5

1,4

P.
Kamyk
6

1,1

O.Mogil
6

L5n1

L6n10

L6n8

12

35

36

32

29

16

149

9.1,35,39,
67,78, 82,
126,128,
133

45

Chiinu

Hristici

Dancu

Enichioi

Lozova

Antonovka

Avraamovka

Boravskoje

Kur. Lozy

Majaka ?

Orechovo

Ostrovci

Rajgorodka

Starosele

Keszthely

Palotabozsok

Simonfa

Dobrinci

Futog

Gornja B.R.

Mali Izvor

Privina Glav

Tekirdag

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

60

15,0

18,7

75

2.131-132

1,127

1,136

1.123*

2,2

1,47

2,5

10

3.23, 25,
46

1,24

1,7

1,0

Vyrbica A. 2

2,5

10

3.33, 34,
43

1,7

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16

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4
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12

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100

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101

101

300

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13

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51

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15

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43

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42

2.121-122

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14.106-19

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41

Oinacu

40

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15.31, 37-38,
46, 48, 52, 64,
66, 8-70, 73, 79,
120, 134

15.4, 6-7, 12-14,

18-19, 2, 28, 34,
37, 42-45

..

150

151

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154

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17

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18

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19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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26

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28

Vyrbica 1

29

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30

el. Voivod

32

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33

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34

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35

raiova

37

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38

Mihai Bravu

39

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41

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14

42

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48

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50

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16
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20
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155

33 40 33
67
18
40
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24
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156

. 95.
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I Constana-Dicevo; II Oinacu-N.Blcescu-Samovodene; III Vyrbia-Ova Mogila.

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157
Oinacu (41 .)
Casimcea, Dancu- ( 4-5 .).
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158
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C

II

67
Sk
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58
Gu
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53
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59 Pr St V1
62 OM
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6

65
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54
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Vyrbica T2A
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10

11

10

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0
6

28
UL
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82
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26
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10

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Rh
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39
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11

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10

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11

13

14 cm

Dicevo, Oinacu Samovodene

67
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/ Dicevo

12

12

Or
Mj
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Kz
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52
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70
31
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64
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12

13

46
38
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14 cm

68
48
Ca
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( , 2002, 139. . 45, 584-585).

159


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160
III
C

II

I
A

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DS Hr 11
8

14 13

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84
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85
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10

11

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14 cm

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13

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GK
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Logreti
11

12

13

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11

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12

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10

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10

11
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6

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14 cm

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161
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67
65
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163
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164
III

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58
64
V1
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54 50 GK
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83
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0
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165

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166
Casimcea, , Dancu, .
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167

. 101. / (8, 11 ; 55 ; 63 ; 80
Tekirdag; 90, 92 Constana Palas; 124 Dancu, . 1. 1), (15 ; 22
; 42-43, 45 ; 56, 60 ; 75 1; 100 N.Blcescu; 114 Oinacu, .
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2; 36, 39-40, 77 ; 41 ; 42-44, 47, 49, 79-80 ; 50 ; 52 , .
1. 5)

168
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169
III
C

II

OVA MOGILA

Gu

Cr
6

Pl Pl Pl Cr A

10
27
13 9 16 19

14
15 12

40

27
43
79 42 78

9
13
9 27
28 33 32

38

77 29

Bozurovo L I - 2-6
Rjahovo LI - 49-50

9
M. Bravu LI - 98; LIV - 41
DS
41
DS

DS
DS DS
8

Enichioi LI - 135-136; LII-47

Dancu LI 124-125;LIII-1-2

Kazanlyk LI - 32-33
Sumen LI - 71-72
En

0
6

11

St
Sv Sv St

DS

7
/

8
Oi

LIV-3-

13

14 cm
LIV-5, 16,

12

13

14 cm

12

13

14 cm

10

11

12

13

14 cm

Ss
Rh
Bo Bo

10

12

13

14 cm

Bo
11

DS*
DS*
10

DS*
Rs* DS*

Rs
DS
DS DS

11

MB
DS DS

DS

12

DS Rs
13

Dn S1* En
10

Kz
11

9
Tekirdag LI- 80

10

11

S1 En Ca Dn Kz
12

14 cm

9
,

Dn
Ca

Dn
13

94
86
93 96 85 89

88 95

12

13

14 cm
92
91
87 90
14 cm
Td

0
6

LIV-1-2,9-

14 cm

Casimcea LI - 83-84; LIV - 42-43

8
Pobit Kamyk LI - 47

14 cm

St
11

Constana Palas LI- 85-96

7

13

12
G. Kosovo
LI-20-30; L II-19-20, 29, 37;
21-24 ; LV- 34-40,77

24
22 26
21 25

0
6
Semerdzievo LI- 63

14 cm

12
13
Vyrbica 2
LII-9-13,40-41,51-52; LIII-26-27;
4,20; LV-18-33,72-76

11
29
27
23
20

Ca Ca
8

12

74

Pt
Rh
Ss Bo
Pt Bo

0
0

13

Vyrbica 1
LI-74-76; LII-1-8,27-28,38-39; LIII-23-25;
10,17-19; LV-9-17, 70-71

10

Guljancy LV-51-52
Prodimcec LV-57,69
Craiova LIII-10-11

11

10

Pietroani LI- 121-122

Starosel'e LI-131-132

6
7
Dicevo LI-7-19; LII-26;LIV-40; LV-41
Ruse LI - 53-55

12

44 40

28

CONSTANA

Oi
Oi
NB
Oi
NB
NB Oi Oi Oi
NB
NB Oi OI Oi
NB NB Oi NB Oi Oi Oi Oi

NB

Oi
6

O. Mogila
LI-40-45; LII-14-18,30-31,55-56;
LIV-25-27; LV-42-49,78-82

10

N.Blcescu L I - 99-105; LII-45; LV-1

Oinacu LI-106-119; LIII - 9

10
11
20
51
40
76 10
4
52
26 74 75
27 41 72 24 22
73 11 19 30 31 3 20 18 25 23 21

Sv
Sv St Sv Sv Sv

St

11

10
8
7
70 23
9 38 17
76 6 2 1

Strazica LI-65; LII - 32,35-36; LV-61

Samovodene LI - 56-62
6

15

DIEVO

Pelovo LII-42,48-49,53; LV-60

Agatovo LII-22; LIV-28

22
19
21 24 37 37 34
20 36 39 23 35 5 30

16

OINACU

10

12 29

Pl
Pr
9

24
18
28 71
25
5 17
2
4 11 39 1 75 10

26

Gu

Pr Pl

8
26
30
56
16 55
82
14 31 80 18 25
47 43 81 45 17 46 44 42 41 45

49
48

SAMOVODENE -

VYRBICA

10

11
12
2 2

OM

13

PK

Sm
14 cm

. 102. .
, :
I , -;
II , -;
III , - .
, , .

170
( )
,

. ,
(, , 2
2) .
, ,
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,
.
. 102.
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,

(. 102, I-III). ,
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102, I -, II, -),
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- .
I. ,
,
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, Constana Palas, Dancu,
Casimcea, Enichioi, Mihai ravu, , , . (. 102,
).
.
, ,
Tekirdag Constana Palas, ..,

, ,
,
, ( 13 ), I A.
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Constana Palas, , ,
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,
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, , Tekirdag Constana Palas.



Constana Palas, Dancu, Casimcea,
Enichioi, Mihai ravu, .
,
, .
,
,
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Constana. -

171
, ,
,
(. 102, I -).
II.
, ,
, , 2 2.
: ,
Oinacu, N.Blcescu, .
2 (. 102, 5-9- ).
, ,


,
10,0
11,4 , 9,0 10,0 .
, Oinacu,
, N. Blcescu .,
N. Blcescu
(. 102). ,
,
, , (. 102,
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9-,
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, .

,

, (
),
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,
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, N. Blcescu
.
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Oinacu.
, ,
,
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III.
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(. 102,

172
),
, 1, 2 , , , .
,
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1-5- ).
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:

173
,
. ,
,
.
102 , (.
102, ). Constana Palas
12 ,
(5+1) I A, I .
, 16 . 11 I ,
I , II .
,
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II , III III (. 102).
, , Constana Palas , I ,
I ,
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,
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( 1978. . 53, 12; . 63, 4) / Pcs
..
(, 2002. 286 .).

.
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),
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.

174
1
2, ,
.
36 ,
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III (. 102).
1,
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2
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C, .
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. 2; . 5; 2010. 34 ., 152 100). , ,
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31.
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, R.
Krau (2005. 205 .).


,
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, (. 103, 1-3).
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,
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Bravu, , II , , -,
(. 103, 7-10).
Enichioi I ,
II , (. 103, 11-12).
,

175
I

A
B
A

III

B
C

Vyrbica 1

Ova Mogila

13

14

15

16 17 18

19

20

21

22

23

24 25 26 27 28

Straica
Prodimec
Guljancy
Pelovo

Vyrbica 2

8 9 10 11 12

Gorsko Kos.

Samovodene

5 6

VYRBICA - OVA MOGILA

N.Blcescu

Pietroani
Rjahovo
Starosel'e

Kazanlyk
Kubrat
Mihai Bravu
umen 1
Enichioi

1 2 3

Oinacu

Dancu

OINACU - SAMOVODENE

Casimcea
Ruse

DIEVO

Constana P.

Oinacu

II

Vyrbica T2A,T2B

Dievo

CONSTANA

Semerdievo
Tekirdag
Pobit Kamyk

III

Bourovo

II

Dievo

1 1 1

1 1

1 1

1
2

1*

2 1 1 1 1

1* 1

4*
1

13

1 1 1

1 1 1

2 3

2 3

3 1 1 1 1

1 6

2
Dievo

Oinacu

2 1 1 1

1
1

Vyrbica T2A, T2B

. 103. (
. . 102).
, , .

I , I II
-
III , , -,
(. 103, 13).
II , Oinacu- (

). . , , Oinacu
, , , II ; N. Blcescu
II (.
103, 14-15, 19),
Pietroani, ,
,
(. 103, 16-18).
,
II -

III .
II-
,

III- (. 103, 21),
.
III , - ( ).


2.
II , II
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Oinacu,
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III ,
2 2.
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176
II-, III- ,
(. 103, 21).

2. ( )
( ), II , II III , ,
, .
: II , ( )

2 2 (. 103, 22).
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II .
1 . , , II
II

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23). , ,
II , ,
III
, , ,
, (. 103, 24).

II II
(. 103, 25-

26). , ,
(. 103, 27-28).
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.

, , ,
, , ,
,
.

, -, , 2 1.
,
, (/ , 2 2).


. , ,
.
,

-
/

,
. , , ,
(-)
, ,
.

177

II

C
1.
a.



. ,
, , ,
. ( ), ,
, /Drajna de
Jos, 1916 . 1925 . I. Andrieescu,
67 (Andrieescu
1925. 379 .).
(52 .) 1 ( 1933).


Constana Palas (Irimia 1968),
Gura Dobrogei; Nicolae Blcescu (Aricescu
1970), /
(, 1977),
( 1976. 34) .
70- . .
,
, M. Petrescu-Dmbovia -

/:
Constana-Palas, Negreti, Gura Dobrogei,
Drajna 1-4 (Petrescu-Dmbovia 1978. 73-74).
, ,
,
.

.. , , ( 190-265
130-250 ) (
110-175 80-145
), ,
,

:
: 2, 4, 6 8,
: 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 24
(?) ( 1978. 207 .; 224 .).
,
,

(
1978. 224. . 103),
- .
,
Stroti (44 )
(Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995),
Dancu (55 ) Enichioi (13
) (Dergacev 1991; 2010).

178
:
(24 ), (
115 ), ( )
., , , .
..
,
(, 2002. 258 .; Dergaev,
Bokarev 2006. 311 .).
,
, .. ,
, / , ,
(, 2002. 259-262). ,
,

Drajna de
Jos,
( , 280-282. . 53).
, -
,
.
,

.. (1978),
, 70- . ,
.. ,
, (,
2002. 259-262). , .. 140 52
, .. 91

, 600 60 ,
.

.
,
(
2010 .)
600 (632) 60 ,
.

588 , 528 60 . :

, ,
,
.
,

,
, . 2.
, 2, -,
. ,
,
, , , .

.

179
,
2 : , (, .),
, , - , ()
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,

,
.

, (. 29-58).
, ,
:
(
/ )
(
/ ).

(, , ,
.), .

() .

.
( -

. 104.

180
,
).

2.
:
1. Batovo = Ba. (4 .: . 11* . 29, 1-4);
2. Branica = Br. (.. 5- : .
1 . 29, 5-9);
3. erena = Ce. (8 .: . 1 . 29, 10-17);
4. Dibi = Di. (4 .: . 1 . 29, 18-19;
. 30, 20-21);
5. Dievo (=Sokol) = DS. (122 .: . 1 .
30, 22-37; . 31, 38-54; . 32, 55-71;
. 33, 72-87; . 34, 88-105; . 35,
106-135; . 36, 136-143);
6. Dobri = Do. (3 .: . 1 . 36, 144146);
7. Dulovo = Du. (6 .: . 1 . 36, 147152);
8. Gradenica = Gr. (1 .: . 3 . 56, 1);
9. Ireekovo = Ir. (1 .: . 1 . 36,
153);
10. Isperich = Is. (10 .: . 1 . 36, 154;
. 37, 155-163);
11. Kubrat = Ku. (24 ., 13: . 1
. 37, 165-177);
12. Loznica = Lz. ( 115 ., 36: .
1 . 38, 179-194; . 39, 195-214);
13. Razgrad = Rz. (2 .: . 1 . 39, 216217);
14. Ruse-okr. = Ru. (4 .: . 1 . 40,
219-222);
15. Suvorovo I = Su. (5 .: . 1 . 40,
223-227);
16. umen-okr. 1 = S1. (4 .: . 1 . 40,
228-231);
17. umen-okr. 2 = S2. (9 .: . 1 . 40,
232-235; . 41, 236-240);
18. umen-okr. 3 = S3. (4 .: . 1 . 41,
241-244);
19. Tyka = Tk. (3 .: . 1 . 41, 245247);
20. Vyrbica 1 = V1. (52 .: . 3 . 57,
9-35; . 58, 36-60);

, 2.

:
21. Cndeti = Cd. (1 .: . 2 . 51, 1);
22. Crligu Mare = CM. (1 .: . 2 .
51, 2);
23. Cetatea de Balt = CB. (1 .: . 2 .
56, 86);
24. Guteria II = Gs. (7 .: . 2 . 54,
58-61; . 55, 62-64);
25. Constana Palas = CP. (21 .: . 1 .
42, 255-275);
26. Coroteni = Co. (2 .: . 1 . 43, 276277);
27. Gura Dobrogei = GD. (17 .: .1 .
43, 282-298);
28. Mihai Bravu = MB (2 .: . 1 . 44,
299-300);
29. Drajna de Jos = DJ. (67 ., 55: .
2 . 51, 3-12; . 52, 13-28; . 53,
29-44; . 54, 45-57)
30. Stroti = St. (44 .: . 1 . 44, 304316; . 45, 317-347);
31. plnaca II = Sp. (4 .: . 3 . 55, 5-8);
32. Mangalia = Mg. (3 . . 2 . 55,
66-68);
33. Negreti = Ng. (2 .: . 2 . 55, 69-70);
34. Nicolae Blcescu = NB. (9 .: . 2 .
55, 71-79);
35. Olteni = Ol. (3 .: . 2 . 56, 80-82);
36. Putreda = Pt. (1 .: . 2 . 56, 83);
37. igneti = Tg. (1 .: . 2 . 56, 84);
:
38. Chiinu = Ch. (3 .: . 1 . 46, 348350);
39. Dancu = Dn. (55 .: . 1 . 46, 351365; . 47, 366-383; . 48, 384-401;
. 49, 402-405);
40. Enichioi = En. (13 .: . 1 . 49, 406418);
:
42. Bugskoe = Bg. (3 .: . 1 . 49, 420422);
43. Kozorezovo = Kz. (3 ., 2, . 1
. 49, 424; . 50, 425);
44. Novo-Trojany = NT. (1 .: . 1 . 49,
427);
45. Orechovo = Or. (16 .: . 1 . 50,
428-440; . 51, 441-443);
:
46. Palotabozsok = Pb. (1 .: . 2 . 56,
87).

181

. 105.

:
1. Jambol (. 1* . 37, 164);
2. Kusenovo (. 1 . 38, 178);
3. Namereno (. 1 . 39, 215);
4. Ruse (. 1 . 40, 218);
5. Sofia(Ruse?) muz. ( . 3 . 56, 4);

:
21. Ekaterinoslavskaja gub. (. 1 . 49,
423);
22. Malaja Meetnja (. 1 . 50, 426);
23. Ukraina I (. 1 . 51, 444);
24. Ukraina 2 (. 2 . 56, 88).

:
6. Afumai (. 1 . 41, 251);
7. Brila-muz. (. 1 . 41, 252);
8. Briaza (. 1 . 41, 253);
9. Bucureti-Tei (. 1 . 41, 254);
10. Coslogeni (.1 . 43, 278);
11. Deni (. 1 . 43, 279);
12. Dobrogea (. 1 . 43, 280);
13. Frteti (. 1 . 43, 281);
14. Iai (. 3 . 56, 2);
15. Iugani (. 2 . 55, 65);
16. Nazarcea (. 1 . 44, 301);
17. Oltenia-Gumelnia (. 1 . 44, 302);
18. Orvia Mare ( . 3 . 55, 3);
19. Pietroiu (. 1 . 44, 303);
20. Zebil (. 2 . 56, 85);

, 691 ,
588. 564
46
( ) (. 104), 24
(. 105).
20
( ), 291 ,
5 ,
, 301 .

182
17
174 15
, 189
.
, 71
, 22

. .
- 106. ,

( ,
)
,
,

- , .
. 5,

( 1 )
(. 106).
, , ,
, ,

, ,
(.
. 106 . 5).

. 106. . ,

183
, .

,

( 2010. 131).
, ,
, , ,
. -

.

, ,

, , (, 2002;
Dergaev, Bokarev 2006).

( 2010),
, .

35

30

25

20

15

10

V1
V1
V1
V1
V1 V1
V1 V1
V1 V1
11

V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
Gr

12

V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
Sp

V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
V1
Gs
Ng

13

V1
V1
V1
Gs
Pt

V1
V1
V1
Gs
Gs
Gs
DJ
V1 Ng

14

Gs
NB
NB
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ Sp
Lz
DJ DJ NB DS
DJ DJ DJ DS
DJ DJ Or DS

15

16

Pb
Gs
Sp
Sp
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
Mg
Ol
Or
En
DS
DS
DS

17

V1
S3
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
NB
DJ
DJ
Or
En
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Cd

S3
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
Or
Or
Dn
St
Lz
Lz
DS
DS
DS
DS
Ce

18

S3
S3
DJ
DJ
DJ
Or
Or
Kz
Dn
St
St
St
Co
CP
CP
CP
CP
Ru
Rz
Lz
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS

CB
NB
DJ
DJ
DJ
Ol
Or
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
St
MB
GD
Co
CP
CP
Lz
Lz
Is
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Ce
Ce
Ce

19

DJ
DJ
DJ
Mg
Or
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
St
St
St
St
St
St
CP
Tk
S1
Ru
Lz
Du
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Ba
Ol

DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
DJ
Mg
Or
Or
Or
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
St
St
St
MB
GD
Tk
S2
Lz
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Ce
Ba
Ba

20

NT
NB
DJ
DJ
DJ
Or
En
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
St
St
GD
CP
CP
CP
Ku
Du
Do
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Ce

Or
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Dn
Ch
St
GD
S2
S2
S2
Rz
Lz
Lz
Lz
Is
Du
Du
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
Tg

21

DS

BrD

DJ

BrD-HaA1

Sp

HaA1

V1

HaA-HaB

DS
DJ
V1
DS
DJ
V1

NB
Dn
Dn
Ch
GD
GD
CP
Tk
S2
Su
Su
Do
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS
DS

Dn
Dn
St
GD
GD
CP
CP
S2
S2
Do
DS
DS
Ba

22

DJ
Dn
Dn
Dn
St
CP
CP
S1
Is
Du
DS
DS
Di
Ce
Ce

Or
Kz
Dn
GD
GD
Is
DS
DS
Di

23

Dn
Ch
S2
Su
DS
DS
DS

Or
Dn
CP
S2
Su
Su Dn
Is Dn
DS Dn CP Di CP

24

25

26

Di
27

28 cm

. 107.
. . ( ).
. . 104

184
,


, :
.
,



.
107 .

( , )
-
. 405 43
( . 107 ).
( 2)
: BrD, BrD-HaA1, HaA1
HaA-HaB. ,
, , ,

.
107 , ,

- ,
. 108, , , ,
, .

. 108. ( . 107). (
).

BrD, ,
,

16,0-17,0 25,0-26,0 . (274 .), , , , ,
2 ; Constana Palas, Stroti,
Gura Dobrogei ; Dancu, Enichioi
Chiinu ; (. 107-108).
14,0-15,0
21,0-22,0 , ,
BrD-HaA1
HaA1.
, , Drajna de Jos, Nicolae Blcescu, Olteni,
Putreda . ( 63 .),
Guteria 2, plnaca 2,
Palotabozsok . ( 17 .).
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210
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3 D. erbnescu, Gh. Trohani)

211
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212

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213

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. 1991. 44. . 21, 1),
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214
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215

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216
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217

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Bokarev, A.M. Leskov, 26-27 .. , 29 .. ).

218
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219

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., 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9-11 . , 12 1, 13 , 14
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220

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221
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1985. Taf. 230a; Taf. 250, 4; Taf. 257, 9; Taf. 264, 2; Kemenczei
1984. Taf. CXX, 10; Taf. CXC, 18; Novotna 1970. Taf. 25, 435; Taf.
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222
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223

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224

. 142. - -. 1-3 Lozova, 4 Epureni, 5 Dancu, 6 Ghetlova, 7 Ciutuleti, 8

Moldova? ( ), 9 Coblnea, 10-12 , 13-14 Blneti, 15 Tigheci, 16 . (8 Auktion, 10-12 V.S. Bokarev, A.M. Leskov, 13-14 E. Sava).

225
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.. (Bokarev, Leskov
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142, 13-14) /Blneti,

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226
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.) (. 143, 14, 16) (-
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237

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247

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249
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Gura Dobrogei ( 2010, 152 99, . 101-102), .
Mihai Bravu (Haruche, Constantinescu
1983. 45. Fig. 1, 3),
(?) ,

16 2 (
1978. . 54-56). , : 3 , , -,
4.

(. 157), IB

,

BrD.
(
Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 73 .): Ciorani, Bleni,
Brlad, Tometi (
), Bozia Nou,
Bozienii de Sus, Doljeti, Tansa, Duda,
Mona, Ruginoasa, Criveti, Heleteni,
3

,
, ,
,

.
4
. . . . .
.

255
Ulmi-Liteni (. 156 32-34, 3641, 44-45, 48-50), .
(
Dergaev 2002. 33 .):
Alexndreni, Hristici, Gura Camencii, Vrvreuca, Heciul Nou (
),
Izbite, Lozova (
) (.
156 52-55, 55, 58-59).

i (. 156 51).


, ,
,
, , .
:
-, , ,
, , , ,
3,

(. 156 63, 65-69, 73, 83, 92, 95).

, , , (. 156, 68, 75, 79,
101).

, , , 1 , -, (.
156 64, 76, 80, 90-90).

, I , XIV-XIII -

XII
. . (. 154; . 155, IB; . 157,
I). ,
, ,

. , ,

( ),
.

II-
, ,
, ,
,

, -,
, .
. ,
-
, ,
.
,

256
,

(. 155, II A-B). ,
,
, - ,
. : , , ,


, , .
, , , ,

, (. 155, II).

(. 155, 28, 30).
,
,

(. 155, 29).
(.
155, 16-22, 24-27). ,

(. 92), , ,
,

,

. ,
,

,
.

. /
Oinacu, Dancu Casimcea
Ocnia Ploieti (.
90).

(. 30, II; . 159),
Dancu Casimcea
, (. 75; .
159 ), Ocnia Ploieti

(. 75; 159 ).

(. 155, 23). ,

.
,

(. 111-112).
,
,


(.
123; . 159 ).

257

. 159. II- .
1 Oinacu, 2 Pietroani, 3 , 4 2, 5 , 6 , 7 , 8
, 9 , 10 , 11 3, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 Mangalia,
16 Techirghiol, 17 Nicolae Blcescu, 18 Smbta Nou 2, 19 , 20 Logreti-Moteni, 21 Socu,
22 Sacoi, 23 Olteni, 24 Ocnia, 25 Drajna de Jos, 26 Crligu Mare, 27 Putreda, 28 Cndeti, 29 Bleni,
30 Gioseni, 31 igneti, 32 Ttrani, 33 Negreti, 34 Ulmi-Liteni, 35 Ilieni, 36 Tecani, 37 Heciul Nou,
38 Mndreti, 39 Socoleni, 40 Frldeni, 41 Enichioi, 42 -, 43 , 44
, 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 - ., 50 , 51
, 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 1, 56 ,
57 - ., 58 Guteria 2, 59 Cetatea de Balt, 60 Gornja Bela Reka, 61 Mali Izvor, 62 Dobrinci, 63
Futog, 64 Privina Glava, 65 Palotabozsok, 66 Simonfa, 67 Keszthely, 68 .
: I II- (),
II , III /.
1 ( , b ), 2 , 3 / ( , b ), 4 .

. (. 156, I)

,
,
,
(. 159, I A-C).

,
, ,
,
, ,
(. 159 I A).
, ,
/
,

258
.

: Oinacu, Pietroani, , , -
2 (. 159
1-7). ,
, -
Nicolae
Blcescu (. 159 14, 17).

-
(
) (. 159, I ).
,

( ,
) , ,
Drajna
de Jos, Olteni, Nicolae Blcescu, Mangalia (. 159 15, 17, 23, 25).
,
, /
, .. ,
,
,
.
( Pcs) -

,
(. 159 10, 12). , , (Drajna de Jos,
Olteni, Putreda)
(. 159 23, 25,
27). ,
,
, ,
, 3,
Smbta Nou 2, Techirghiol (. 159
11, 16, 18).

,
, ,
(.
159 I C). ,


. , ,
Ocnia, Ploieti Logreti
(. 90). ,
,
Ocnia LogretiMoteni (. 159 20, 24).
(. 159 19), , , (. 90).
Sacoi Socu
( ),
(. 159 21-22).

-

259
, ,
.
,
- , .
,
,
, ,

.
, /


Ulmi-Liteni,

(. 159 34),
, (.
159 56). , , ,



.
, ,
,
,
/. Cndeti,
igneti, Negreti (. 159 28, 31,
33), -,
, ,
(. 159, 42, 44-45, 54).

, ,
, -

(. 159 60-68).
, , ,



,
( 2010. 98 .).
, -
, ,
,


,
.
,
,
,

, , (..
, /
),
, .
, , BrD, HaA1.

260

: Cndeti, Bleni, Gioseni, igneti,
Ttrani, Negreti, Ulmi-Liteni, Ilieni,
Tecani, Heciul Nou, Mndreti (.
159 29-38),
Enichioi, , , ,
, , (. 159 41-45, 47, 52, 54).
,
, Socoleni,
Frldeni, , ,
- ., , . (. 159 39-40, 46, 48, 5657), : ,
,
1 (. 159, 50-51, 53, 55).
,
. , ,

, , , , XII, XIII . ..

III- .
.
, , ,
(. 160).
-

,
, II- .


Oinacu - ,

(. 102),

(. 159, I)
(. 160, I).



, . ,

,
( ) ,
,
.
(. 160 I).
, ,
,
,
,

-
.
,
, , ,
, ,
(.
155, 31-39). -

261

. 160. (I, 1) -.
1-2 1-2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 Plenia, 12 Craiova?, 13 Pdureni, 14 Smbta Nou 1, 15 Boldeti,
16 Slcioara, 17 Pietrosu, 18 plnaca 2, 19 Brlad, 20 Arsura, 21 Rafaila, 22 Basarabi, 22a Suceava, 23
Jijia, 24 Vratic, 25 Valea Rusului, 26 , 27 , 28 , 29-31 1-3,
32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 .
: II Babadag I-III, III Chiinu-Corlteni Cozia-Saharna, IV .
1 , 2 , 3 ,
4 .

,

. ,
(
) , . 1,
2 2 (. 90;
. 155, 31-33, 35).

(. 90; . 155, 3637).

(. 96-97; 99).


,
, (. 155, 34).
.
1 2, ,
, , , , , , -

262
, , Craiova (.
160 1-10, 12).
,
, ,
, ,

(.
160 I). , ,

.



Smbta Nou 1
(Aricescu 1970. 42. Fig. 1819),

(. 153, 7-8; .
160 14). , ,

(: Pdureni, Smbta
Nou 1, Boldeti, Slcioara, Pietrosu
. 160 13-17).
Plenia (. 160 11) ,
, , ,

Debrecen ( 1997. . 9,
I. 22). ,

,

, ,

,
/ .



.

,

.
, ,
, plnaca
2 (.
160 16).
,
,
,
-


,

. ,
,
,
, Brlad, Arsura, Rafaila, Basarabi, Suceava,
Jijia, Vratic, Valea Rusului
-
- (. 160
19-25).

263


, ,
,

(. 160 26-27),
, ,
: , 1-3,
, , , ,
, . (.
160 28-37).

, ,
XI IX .,
(-, 2)
XII . .. (. 155; 158).
, ..
,
.

264

SUMMARY
SOCKET AXES FROM LATE BRONZE
OF CARPATHIAN-DANUBIAN AREA
Part Two
SOCKET AXES AND SICKLES FROM LOWER DANUBE AREA

The work is dedicated to the study of bronze ware from the Late Bronze epoch of Lower
Danube Area. The area of consideration includes territory of Bulgaria and southern regions
of Romania (Dobruja, Oltenia, and Muntenia), and represents one of the largest and peculiar
Late Bronze (Early Hallstatt) center of metal processing, which greatly influenced the vast
area from Eastern Carpathians to Dniepr.
The research aims include typology and systematization of socket axes and sickles, chronology and periodization of archaeological complexes, and their relationships with Late Bronze
complexes from Eastern Carpathian and North Black Sea areas. The published database of
mentioned source categories represents an important contribution, since they are very poorly
illuminated in the literature.
The research is based on all the available material, the main part of which was studiedby
author personally. The database includes 400 socket axes and about 600 sickles. Their brief
description and figures are quoted in Annexes 1 and 2.
From the methodical and methodological point of view, the study is based on the analysis of all possible technical-technological, morphological, and ornamental criteria. The special
attention is paid to metrical parameters (measurements, weight, ratios), their correlations,
chronological and geographical distribution.
The work consists of Introduction, four sections and Annexes.
The Introduction includes the brief overview of history of study of Late Bronze Age metal
ware from Lower Danube Area, the description of state of art (Fig. 1), the description of research methods, and gives a general preliminary characterization of the database.
The Section I describes classification and systematization of socket axes and discusses
questions of periodization of complexes containing socket axes.
The main conclusions
The socket axes from Lower Danube Area can be grouped into three categories, which differ in design of facets. Those are socket axes with arch-shaped and trapezoid facets (which, in
their turn, are subdivided into continuous and short facets), and socket axes without facets.
Each category includes ornamented and non-ornamented samples, which are subdivided
into a number of distinct types. Summarized description of all categories and representative
types, with number of occurrences, are quoted in the Fig. 90.
The socket axes with arch-shaped facets represent the most numerous group (236 specimens) including 11 distinct types. The most important group among ornamented socket axes
are the Oinacu type (75 units) and the Dichevo type (60 units). The rest of groups (Vyrbitza A,
types A-F and Pelovo) are represented by low number (4 10) of specimens. Among the non-

265
ornamented socket axes, the type Ocnia is dominant (31 specimens), followed by the DancuEsenitza type (14 specimens) (Fig. 90).
The socket axes with trapezoid facets are represented by 153 specimens, 68 of which are
characterized by continuous trapezoid facets, and 85 are with short facets. The ornamented
socket axes are most numerous among the group with continuous facets and described here
as the Vyrbitza T1 type (22 units). The type Casimcea (29 units) is the most numerous among
non-ornamented socket-axes. Among socked axes with short facets, 80 specimens are ornamented, 63 of which belong to the Vyrbitza T2A type, and 16 belong to the Vyrbitza 2B type.
Other type are represented by few specimens.
The third category is less numerous and includes socket axes without facets. This category
is represented both by ornamented, and non-ornamented socked axes (Figs. 90-91).
The type groups of socket axes with arch-shaped and trapezoid facets are homogenous and
emerged as a result of modifications of the initial type/variant Dichevo from the BrD period,
and further form two parallel, relatively independent typological series (Figs. 35, 87, 92).
The modification of the type/variant Dichevo is expressed in the following transitions:- the
transition from the large and heavy socket axes (height varies from 11.4 to 14.5 cm; weight
varies from 270-280 to 740 g) (Figs. 19, 24);
- the gradual transition from socket axes with arch-shaped facets to socket axes with
predominantly trapezoid (continuous or/and short) facets (Fig. 92);
- the occurrence of peculiar, specialized (?) shapes: on one hand, socket axes with low
proportions (Fig. 90; Ploiesti and Ocnia types), on the other hand, socket axes with
high proportions (Fig. 90; Dancu and Casimcea types).
Some specific directions are also recorded in the evolution of ornamentation of socket
axes:
- the traditional for Dichevo variant hollows on facets persist in smaller socket axes with
arch-shaped facets from Oinacu type, but also are found in the ornamentics of new
socket axes with continuous (Gorsko Kosovo type) and short trapezoid facets (Blcescu
type) (Fig. 92).
- the traditional hollows are replaced by imitating arculated and loop-shaped ribs (Vyrbitza A type, variants A and B; Fig. 92);
- the transition from socket axes ornamented with sculpted robs imitating hollows to
socket axes ornamented with high arch-shaped (Vyrbitza A type, variants C and D;
Pelovo type) and vertically oriented well expressed ribs characteristic for socket axes
with arch-shaped facets (Vyrbitza A type, variants E and F), with continuous (Vyrbitza
T1 type), and, in particular, with short trapezoid facets (Vyrbitza T2A and T2B type;
Fig. 92).
- the total refusal of any ornamentics in socket axes with arch shaped facets (Dancu-Esenitza and Ocnia types) and in socket axes with trapezoid facets (Casimcea, Ploieti,
and Logreti types; Fig. 92).
The periodization of complexes is developed using two independent each from another
methods. One method is based on formalized approach by calculating the coefficient of similarity of complexes according to all their characters types. The coefficient of similarity was
calculated using the logical formula and and or (Figs. 93-95). The second approach is based

266
on the metrical values used as chronoindecators (Figs. 96-102). The analysis includes 32 complexes embracing 265 types of socket axes.
Conclusions. All treasures involved in the study fall into three broad groups, representing three different chronological periods of their evolution, each one with subperiods (Figs.
95,102,103).
Period I unites treasures with socket axes of the Dichevo type, which represent the earliest stage. The period includes two subperiods or stages.
Subperiod IA corresponds to the early production and occurrence of large archaic socket axes of Dichevo type discovered in the buried treasures from Semergievo, Pobit Kamyk,
Tekirdag, and, partly, from Constana Palas where also were found some metal wares from the
preceding middle part of the Bronze Age (Figs. 95, 102, 103).
Sibperiod IB is characterized by occurrence of standardized socket axes of the Dichevo
type. This stage is represented by metalware from Dichevo, Constana Palas, Dancu, Casimcea, Enichioi, Mihai ravu, Cazanlic, etc. (Figs. 95, 102, 103). The group of treasures representing the earliest stage of occurrence of socket axes of Lower Danube tradition (the Dichevo
type) are called here as the complex of Constanta-Dichevo type.
Period II. This period is also subdivided into two chronological stages, or subperiods (Fig.
102, scales 5-9 from the down).
Subperiod IIA is characterized by the presence of Oinacu variant of socket axes, which represent a diminished modification of Dichevo form, and the simultaneous occurrence of Vyrbitza
T2A and T2B. The main characteristic complexes are Bozhurovo, Riahovo, Oinacu, Gorsko Kosovo, etc. (the Oinacu type), and Vyrbitza 2 (the Vyrbitza T2A and T2B type) (Figs. 102, IIA; 103).
Subperiod IIB is characterized by a decreasing significance of socket axes of the Oinacu
variant and an increased significance of the Vyrbitza T2A and T2B type. The main complexes
containing the Oinacu variant of socket axes are the treasures from Samovodene and, partially, from N. Blcescu and Gorsko Kosovo. The complexes with Vyrbitza T2A and T2B type are
found in treasures Vyrbitza 2 and partly Vyrbitza 1 (Figs. 102, IIA; 103). The enlisted group of
treasures is called here as complex of Oinacu-Samovodene type.
Period III. The most characteristic for this period complex is the treasure from Ovcha
Mogila, as well as treasures from Vyrbitza 1, Vyrbitza 2, and Gorsko Kosovo, which also are
largely associated with the preceding period. These treasures contain mostry the Vyrbitza T2A
and T2B type of socket axes, the variant Oinacu is less common, as well as some other type
represented by rare findings. (Fig. 102, 1-5 scales from the top; Fig. 103).
The complexes are characterized by smallest specimens, which form three groups corresponding to 6, 7, and 8-santimeter range; beside that, in the case of the treasures from Vyrbitza
1, Vyrbitza 2, and Gorsko Kosovo, the groups also correspond to the ranges characteristical
of the previous period II (Fig. 102, III A-C, II A-B). This group of treasures, representing the
final period of Lower Danube tradition of socket axes, is called here as the complex of VyrbitzaOvcha Mogila type (Fig. 102, III).
The Section II is dedicated to classification and systematization of sickles based mostly
on te analysis of metrical variables and their ratios (Figs. 110-117).
Conclusions. Sickles from Lower Danube Area form three type groups characterized by
specific size, proportions, weight, and area of distribution. Those type groups are: the charac-

267
terized by large size Dichevo type (Fig. 119) found on the north-eastern part of modern Bulgaria and in Dobruja and distributed as far as Dnieper (Fig. 120); the smaller sickles of Drajna
type (Fig. 121), known mostly from Muntenia, valley of middle part of Olt River, area of lower
stream of Siret, and less often in Dobruja (Fig. 123); and the small-sized sickles of the Vyrbitza
type (Fig. 124) mainly characteristical for north-western part of modern Bulgaria (Fig. 125).
All three types of sickles are genetically linked: the early Dicev type is basic, while Drajna
and Vyrbitza are descent types that form two separate branches.
The analysis of co-occurrence of sickles and socket axes brings a conclusion that sickles of
the Dichevo type, as a rule, are found together with socket axes of Dichevo type, the Drajna
type sickles are found together with the Oinacu variant of socket axes, while Vyrbitza type of
sickles is often combined with Vyrbitza T2A type of socket axes (Fig. 126). Taking in consideration the proposed periodization of socket axes (Figs. 102, 103), the co-occurrence of sickles and
socket axes bring the following conclusions:
1 the sickles of Dichevo type are chronologically linked to the first chronological period as
a part of the Constana-Dichevo complex;
2 the sickles of Drajna type chronologically belong to the second period as a part of the
Oinacu-Samovodene complex;
3 the sickles of Vyrbitza type chronologically belong to the third period as a part of the
Vyrbitza-Ovcha Mogila complex.
The Section III is dedicated to the analysis of additional functional categories specific to
the early Dichev center of metal processing in order to reveal its origins. We are discussing
here about adze-chisels (Figs. 129, 133, 134), chisels (Fig. 136), sword-daggers (and daggers)
(Figs. 141-143, 134), pins with rhomboid plate heads (Fig. 147), one of groups of spearheads
(Fig. 149), and razors (Fig. 151). The study result suggests that all above mentioned categories
emerged from the traditions of the Laboikov-Golourov-Malokopan complexes from the pre- and
early Sabatinovka time of Middle and Lower Dnieper Area, and to a greater or lesser extent
are characteristic of the cultures Sabatinovka, Noua, as well as to the cultures Coslogeni from
the Lower Danube Area. No doubts, these traditions are linked to the emergence of the categories of socket axes with arch-shaped facets, which give a peculiar character for implements
of each above mentioned cultures. Socket axes with two eyelets and arch-shaped facets with
hollows are characteristic for the Sabatinovka culture; socket axes with one eyelet and archshaped facets with hollows are characteristic for the Noua culture of Eastern Carpathian Area;
the socket axes without eyelets and with arch-shaped facets with hollows represent a peculiar
element of Dichevo center of the Coslogeni culture.
The origin of Dichevo center of metal processing is a part of formation process of the cultural constellation Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni followed by the emergence of an integrated
production zone with free circulation of technological innovations, relatively uniform typological set of products, trade and exchange with raw-metal and metal ware.
The Section IV is focused upon the problem of absolute chronology and general characterization of periods, complexes, and centers of metal processing. Analysis of radiocarbon determinations known for Late Bronze cultures (early Hallstatt) from Lower Danube, Eastern Carpathians
and Ukraine fully confirms the absolute dating of the early Hallstatt cultures from the area under consideration in the range XII - X/IX centuries BC. The time of cultures Sabatinovka, Noua,

268
and Coslogeni, according to the same data, is estimated to be about limits 1600/1500 - 1250/1150
BC, that corresponds to periods BrB1/BrB2 - BrD/HaA1 of P. Reinecke - H. Mller-Karpes system (Fig. 154). This means that the absolute dating of the beginning of metal complexes that are
associated with cultures also should be lowered to the level of the mentioned values.
General conclusions. The metal processing of Early Bronze Age from Lower Danube can
be devided into three main periods. The first period is represented by the Dicev center of metal
processing and is linked to the Coslogeni culture, the third period is represented by the Vyrbitza center that belongs to the early Hallstatt cultures, and the second period is transitional
(Fig. 102, 103).
Period I is subdivided into two subperiods: IA, which corresponds to the time of Dichevo
center formation; and IB that corresponds to its maximal development (Fig. 155, I).
The formation of Dicev center is regarded as a part of emergence process of the cultural constellation Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni accompanied by cultural renewal of the South-Eastern
part of Eastern Europe from Dnieper to Eastern Carpathians and Danube. Simultaneously,
the integrated production zone with free circulation of technology, metal ware production, and
similar typological series.
The origin of the multi-cultural complex can be traced in the Laboikovka-Golourov complex
from the pre-Sabatinovka time of Middle Dnieper (Fig. 156, 4), which contains categories, types,
and modifications that can be traced in later cultures (Fig. 157). The complexes Dneprovo-Kamenka Malye Kopani from Lower Dnieper (Fig. 156, 3) represent the final formation of the production
space characterized by emergence of new set of metal ware and its types. Their further evolution
determined similarity, but also peculiar traits of each new center of metal processing of Sabatinovka, Noua, and Coslogeni cultures, but also of younger descent cultures of early Hallstatt.
The subperiod IA is represented by treasures Pobit Kamyk, Semerdjievo, Constana
Palas, Odile-Podari and Medgidia (Fig. 158). These treasure deposits are peculiar in combination of artefacts from preceding middle period of Bronze Age with metal ware types characteristic for highest development of the Dichevo center. The typical ware is represented by
flat adze, chisel, grooved chisels, knives, swords and daggers of different types and variants,
spearheads a different design bushings, pins with rhombic heads, etc., as well as the first
Dichevo type socket axes without eyelets with hollowed arch-shaped facets and the Dichevo
type sickles (Figs. 155, 157).
Apparently, the emergence of the Dichevo center took place on the narrow land strip on the
left bank and, mostly, right bank of Lower Danube. This area also is regarded and epicentre of
the culture Coslogeni (Fig. 156).
The typological analogues suggest that complexes IA of Lower Danube are rather simultaneous with early complexes of Noua culture from Eastern Carpathians represented by treasure deposits Deleni, Rdeni, Blneti, Reti, Codreanca, and partially Ghermneti, Ruginoasa, and Lozova. Only the latest complexes of Laboikovka Golourov type from Dnieper
Area correspond to this horizon, while conplexes of Malye Kopani Dneprovo-Kamenka fully
correspond to this level. The Eastern Trzciniec culture also corresponds to this chronological
horizon (Fig. 156).
Duration of the period evaluated approximately within the first two or three-quarters of
the XV century. BC (Figs. 154; 155 IA;157 IA).

269
The subperiod IB is the time of maximal development of the Dichevo center. The socket
axes and sickles of Dichevo type are most common. They are highly standardized metrically
and technico-morphologically (Figs. 155, 157). The most important treasure deposits that belong to this stage are Batovo, Cherencha, Dibich, Dichevo, Dobrich, Dulovo, Isperih, Kubrat,
Loznitza, Suvorovo 1, Tykach, Constana Palas, Casimcea, Mihai Bravu, Gura Dobrogei, etc.
(Fig. 158). All the mentioned treasure deposits are found in Dobruja and North-East Bulgaria,
the fact suggesting a significantly enlarged area of Dichevo metal processing center, which,
practically, coincides with Coslogeni culture area (Fig. 156).
Other treasure deposits with similar implements scattered over the vast area from Oltenia to Dnieper resulted from export-import (Stroti, Chiinu, Dancu, Enichioi, Kozorezovo,
Orehovo, etc.) (Fig. 156).
The period is characterized by long-lasting intensive relationships almost exclusively with
northern regions. These relationships are suggested by mutual influence in details of ornamentation, mutual imitations, but first of all, proved by numerous import treasure deposits
with metal implements from Lower Danube discovered in Muntenia and further in the areas
of Noua culture and, particularly, Sabatinovca culture.
Based on typological comparisons (Fig. 157), treasure deposits of this period are synchronous with the majority of the Eastern Carpathian complexes associated with the culture Noua,
traditionally dated to the period BrD. In Romania, the treasures that should be mentioned
are Ciorani, Bleni, Bozia Nou, Bozienii de Sus, Doljeti, Duda, Mona, Ruginoasa, Criveti,
Heleteni, Ulmi-Liteni and others, and in the Republic of Moldova - Alexndreni, Hristici,
Gura Camencii, Vrvreuca, Heciul Nou, Lozova, etc. (Fig. 156). The corresponding to this horizon treasure deposits from the area of culture Sabatinovka contain mostly Eastern Carpathian (culture Noua) imports (Novo-Troiany, Betsilovo, Zhuravlinka, Kuriachy Lozy, Antonovka,
Kniaz-Grigorievka, Mishurin Rog) and to a lesser extent - complexes with local original products (Dobryanka , Dremaylovka, Melnikovka, etc.), as well as workshops: Krasnyi Maiak, Novokievka, Marinovka, partly - Voloshskoe 1, etc. (Fig. 156).
The duration of the period IB is estimated at approximately two centuries, corresponding
roughly XIV-XIII and possibly in part - the first half of the XII century BC (Fig. 154; Fig. 155;
Fig. 157).
The Period II is characterized by a deep crises apparently caused by cultural changes
associated with the transition from the classical cultures of the Late Bronze Age to the early
Hallstatt cultures. The period includes two subperiods (A and B), but their boundaries, actually as boundaries of the period as a whole, can not be clearly understood and defined because
of its transient nature (Fig. 155, II AB).
The main metal ware products are socket axes and sickles, nonetheless it seems to disappear completely various types of weapons, products of prestige and most of the ornaments (Fig.
155, II). The typological variety of socket axes increases (Fig. 155). However, having emerged
as a result of modification of the Dichevo type (Fig. 92), these types are usually represented by
small number of specimens, reflecting different regional groupings. The new types are characterized by smaller size and lower weight indices.
The most important socket axe types are Oinacu, Dancu, Casimcea, Ocnia, and Ploieti
(Fig. 90). The Oinacu variant is typical mostly for the Yantry River basin (Figs. 30, II; 159), the

270
Dancu type is found mostly in eastern regions of Lower Danube (Figs. 75; 159, B), while Ocnia
and Ploieti variants are known mostly from western regions (Figs. 75; 159, C).
The Drajna type sickles represent another important functional category (Fig. 155, 23),
which, however, is characteristical only for eastern regions of the newly emerged production
space (Figs. 123; 159, B). During the transitional period, the compact and monolithic metal
processing of Dichevo center (Fig. 156, I) dispersed over the entire Lower Danube lowland
from Carpathian mountains in the North to Stara Planina mountains in the South, and subsequently split into three regional formations (Fig. 159, I A-C). One of them is located in the
basin of Yantra River and partially on the left bank of Danube (Fig. 159 IA). Its peculiar character is defined by presence of Oinacu type and its derivates. This regional center is presented
by treasure deposits from Oinacu, Pietroani, Riahovo, Gorsko Kosovo, Smovodene, but also to
a some extent Strajitza and Vyrbitza 2 (Fig. 159, 1-7).
The second regional center is located in North-East Bulgaria, Dobruja, and Muntenia (Fig.
159, IB). It is characterized by presence of socket axes of Dancu type and Casimcea type, and
especially by occurrence of Drajna type sickles (treasure deposits from Drajna de Jos, Olteni,
Nicolae Blcescu, Mangalia; see Fig. 159). The high number of allochtonous import metal
ware (Transilvanian, Middle Danubian and/or Hungarian types) is a certain peculiarity of the
discussed regional center that suggests the gradual decay of local metal processing, but also
indicates the beginning of Hallstattization of local cultures (Dolgopol, Drajna de Jos, Olteni,
Putreda, Shumen 3, Smbta Nou 2, Techirghiol) (Fig. 159).
The third regional center is located in the area of lower part Olt River, basin of Jiu River and
the corresponding segment of right bank of Danube (Fig 159 I C). It is characterized by presence
of Ocnia, Ploieti, and Logreti socket axis types (Fig. 90). The corresponding complexes are not
numerous: the treasure deposit from Ocnia and the workshop from Logreti-Moteni. The treasure deposits from Socu and Sacoi contain only allochtonous metal ware (Fig. 159).
The contacts between populations from Eastern Carpathian Area and North-West Black Sea
Area persisted during all the period under discussion, however, the export underwent a sharp
decay and, as a rule, is confined to single artefacts included in implement complexes of local provenance (Cndeti, igneti, Negreti, Novo-Troiany, Kuriachyi Lozy, Antonovka, Raigorodka,
Staroselie). Interestingly, the exported northward implements often are linked to eastern regional
formation. The Ocnia type metal wares from Western regional center show a different direction
of links, since their isolated findings are discovered in treasure deposits up to Middle Danube and
Tisza headwaters (Fig. 159). The settlement sites are poorly known, therefore the problem of correlation of regional entities with their respective cultural groups remains open for the moment.
The treasure deposits of the second period of Lower Danube are synchronous with the latest buried treasures of Noua and Sabatinovka cultures and characterized by Eastern Carpathian
types combined with early Hallstattian products, or some time with earliest complexes of Belozerka culture. Those complexes often are referred to the end of BrD period or the beginning of HaA1
period. The corresponding treasures of Noua culture are Cndeti, Bleni, Gioseni, igneti,
Ttrani, Negreti, Ulmi-Liteni, Ilieni, Tecani, Heciul Nou, Mndreti; the Sabatinovka culture
is presented by treasures from E Cndeti, Bleni, Gioseni, igneti, Ttrani, Negreti, UlmiLiteni, Ilieni, Tecani, Heciul Nou, Mndreti,nichioi, Novo-Traiany, Krasnyi Maiak, Kuriachyi
Lozy, Antonovka, Solonetz, Raigorodka, and Nikopol (Fig. 159). The early Belozerka treasures

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come from Socoleni, Frldeni, Dikyi Sad, Krivoi Kut, Herson, Staroselie, Poltava, as well as
workshops from Androvo, Novoalexandrovka, Vyshetarasovka, and Volosshkoe 1 (Fig. 159).
The transition period, according to an approximate estimation, is placed mostly within XII
sentury, with greater or lesser inclusion of the second half of the XIII century BC.
The Period III is represented by complexes of Vyrbitza center. It is entirely linked to the
time of Early Hallstatt. The question on complex bearing cultures remains open for the present
moment (Fig. 160).
The Vyrbitza center is a continuation of Dichevo traditions, however, its origin is associated with complexes Oinacu Gorsko Kosovo Strazhitza that partially overlap chronologically and geographically with the center under discussion (Figs. 102, 160).
The activity of this center is contradictory. From the one hand, the Vyrbitza center is characterized by stability, as the high concentration of metal processing suggests (Fig. 160 IA). But,
from another hand, the scant number of geographically restricted complexes, which practically
are absent in the adjacent areas, indicate that Vyrbitza center rather symbolizes a sequela, or
in other words, the sunset of bronze processing in the Lower Danube Area.
The socket axes with trapezoid (continuous or short) facets ornamented with vertical ribs
are the most common bronze ware for this period. Those socket axes belong to the types Vyrbitza T1, Vyrbitza T2, and Vyrbitza T2B (Figs. 90, 155).
By the end of third period, rather limited series of Pelovo and Ovcha Mogila socket axes are
recorded. (Figs. 90, 155). These socket axes show a trend toward the gradual size and weigh
diminishing (Figs. 96-97; 99). The only recorted type of sickle is Vyrbitza, which represents
an independent offshoot from Dichevo sickle type and is characterized by reduced size and
weight (Fig. 155). The period is represented by very insignificant number of complexes, such as
Vyrbitza 1 and Vyrbitza 2, Ovcha Mogila, Gorsko Slivovo, Gorsko Kosovo, Agatovo, Guliantzy,
Prodimchetz, Pelovo, Gradeshnitza, etc. (Fig. 160). The most of complexes are poor and come
from a very limiter terrotiry between rivers Yantry and Iskar (Fig. 160 I). Outside of this area,
there are no complexes with local bronze artifacts (with exception of the buried treasure from
Smbta Nou 1). Almost all Lower Danube area was dominated by allochtonous Hallstatt
implements that belong to Middle Danubian and/or Hungarian traditions (Pdureni, Smbta
Nou 1, Boldeti, Slcioara, Pietrosu, Plenia) (Fig. 160).
The dramatic reduction of the local metal production caused the breaking of old cultural
ties and the complete cessation of export in other cultural areas.
The activity of Vyrbitza center and occurrence of its complexes over the time period of such
buried treasures as Brlad, Arsura, Rafaila, Basarabi, Suceava, Jijia, Vratic, Valea Rusului
from the areas of Chisinau-Corlateni culture, and partly some-what later complex SaharnaSolonceni of Cozia culture (Fig. 160). This horizon is presented by few buried treasures with allochnotous bronze artifacts from the Belozerka culture area (Pavlovka, Novogrigorovka) (Fig.
160) and foundries (Nikolaev, Kardashinka 1-3, Ptahovka, Radensk, Zavadovka, Soloha, Voznesenka, Staraia Igreni, etc. (Fig. 160).
The chronological range of the third period accounted for XI - IX centuries BC, but his
earliest complexes (Gorski Kosovo and Vyrbitsa 2) were recorded as early as in the XII century
BC (Figs. 155; 158). What about its internal chronology, i.e. the absolute dating of boundaries
of each of its sub-periods, the solution of this question depends of new data and discoveries.

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REZUMAT
TOPOARELE-CELT DIN PERIOADA TRZIE A EPOCII BRONZULUI
DIN SPAIUL CARPATO-DUNREAN
Volumul 2
TOPOARE-CELT I SECERI DE LA DUNREA DE JOS

Volumul include cercetarea pieselor de bronz din perioada trzie a epocii bronzului de la
Dunrea de Jos. Acesta cuprinde teritoriul Bulgariei i regiunile din sudul Romniei (Dobrogea, Oltenia i Muntenia), spaiu n care n bronzul trziu i perioada hallstattian timpurie
a activat unul din centrele importante de prelucrare a metalelor, piesele cruia au avut o arie
larg de rspndire, n special n direcia nord-estic, de la est de Carpai pn n bazinul Niprului de Mijloc.
Obiectivele lucrrii: clasificarea tipologic i sistematizarea topoarelor-celt i a secerelor,
cronologia i periodizarea complexelor, determinarea raportului cu complexele din perioada
trzie a epocii bronzului de la est de Carpai i din nordul Mrii Negre. O sarcin aparte constituie prezentarea bazei de date a categoriilor de izvoare menionate, abordat insuficient n
literatura de specialitate.
Cercetarea are ca suport toate sursele disponibile de documentare, majoritatea pieselor
fiind studiate i desenate de ctre autor. Baza de date include 400 descoperiri de topoare-celt i
circa 600 de seceri. Descrierea succint i ilustraiile acestora sunt inserate n Anexele 1 i 2.
Din punct de vedere metodologic, studiul are ca temelie cercetarea tuturor indiciilor tehnico-tehnologice, morfologice i ornamentale. Un rol deosebit a revenit analizei i a altor indicii
(dimensiune, greutate, proporie), corelrilor reciproce, manifestrilor cronologice i spaiale
ale acestora.
Lucrarea este constituit din introducere, patru capitole i anexe.
n introducere sunt abordate istoricul cercetrii pieselor de metal din perioada trzie a
epocii bronzului de la Dunrea de Jos, este determinat stadiului actual al cercetrii (Fig. 1),
explicate metodele de cercetare i efectuat o definire general prealabil a bazei de date.
Capitolul I include clasificarea tipologic i sistematizarea topoarelor-celt, tratarea problematicii periodizrii complexelor.
Concluziile de baz.
Topoarele-celt de la Dunrea de Jos sunt divizate n trei categorii, n dependen de forma
prilor late. Acestea sunt topoarele-celt cu faetele arcoidale i trapezoidale (delimitate n topoare-celt cu faetele trapezoidale i trapezoidale scurte), i topoarele-celt cu faetele simple.
Fiecare categorie include att piese cu decor, ct i fr acesta, constituind o serie de tipuri.
Datele rezumative n cazul tuturor categoriilor evideniate i respectiv ale tipurilor acestora,
cu indicarea manifestrilor cantitative ale acestora, sunt inserate n Figura 90.
Cea mai numeroas categorie este constituit de topoarele-celt cu faetele arcoidale (236
ex.), nsumnd 11 tipuri, principalele dintre topoarele-celt ornamentate fiind variantele Oinacu (75 ex.) i Dievo (60 ex.), celelalte (Vyrbica A, tipurile A-F i Pelovo), fiind reprezentate de

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la 4 pn la 10 ex. ntre cele neornamentate predomin topoarele-celt de tip Ocnia (31 ex.),
dup care urmeaz cele de tip Dancu-Esenica (14 ex.) (Fig. 90).
Topoarele-celt cu faetele trapezoidale sunt reprezentate de 153 ex., dintre care 68 cu faetele trapezoidale, iar 85 cu faetele trapezoidale scurte. n primul caz, sunt predominante
cele ornamentate tipul Vyrbica T1 (22 ex.), iar n ceea ce privete cele neornamentate tipul
Casimcea (29 ex.). n cel de-al doilea, al topoarelor-celt cu faetele trapezoidale scurte, cele cu
decor constituie 80 ex., dintre care 63 de tip Vyrbica T2A, 16 de tip Vyrbica 2B, celelalte ntrun numr redus.
A treia categorie topoarele-celt cu faetele simple, grupa cu cel mai redus numr de piese,
include att exemplare ornamentate ct i fr decor (Fig. 90-91).
Tipurile de topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale i trapezoidale, constituie grupe omogene i
reprezint rezultate ale evoluiei topoarelor-celt de tip/variant Dievo din perioada BrD, formnd dou serii tipologice relativ distincte (Fig. 35; Fig. 87; Fig. 92).
n cazul evoluiei topoarelor-celt de tip/variant Dievo pot fi constatate urmtoarele manifestri:
- evoluia de la piesele mari (l de la 11,4 pn la 14,5cm, greutatea de la 270-280 pn la
740 gr.) la cele mici (l mai mic de 11,4, greutatea mai mic de 270) (Fig. 19; Fig. 24);
- trecerea treptat de la topoarele-celt cu faetele arcoidale la cele cu faetele trapezoidale (Fig. 92);
- apariia unor topoare-celt specifice, probabil specializate (?): pe de o parte, mici, cu proporiile joase (Fig. 90, tipurile Ploieti i Ocnia), pe de alta, cu proporiile nalte (Fig.
90, tipurile Dancu i Casimcea).
De asemenea i evoluia ornamentrii topoarelor-celt manifest anumite particulariti:
- perpetuarea la topoarele-celt mici ale variantei Oinacu a orificiilor din partea superioar a faetelor caracteristice topoarelor-celt ale variantei Dievo, ct i preluarea
acestora i la topoarele-celt cu faetele trapezoidale (tipul G. Kosovo) i la cele cu
faetele trapezoidale scurte (tipul N. Blcescu) (Fig. 92);
- nlocuirea orificiilor din partea superioar a faetelor cu imitaii ale acestora n form
de nervuri arcoidale sau n form de la (tipul Vyrbica A, variantele A i B) (Fig. 92);
- nlocuirea topoarelor-celt ornamentate cu imitaii ale orificiilor din partea superioar
a faetelor de ctre topoarele-celt cu decor n form de nervuri arcoidale (tipul Vyrbica A, variantele C i D, tipul Pelovo), sau preponderent longitudinale, caracteristice
att topoarelelor-celt cu faetele arcoidale (tipul Vyrbica A, variantele E i F), ct i
topoarelor-celt cu faetele trapezoidale (tipul Vyrbica T1), n special celor cu faetele
trapezoidale scurte (tipul Vyrbica T2A i T2B) (Fig. 92).
- lipsa decorului n cazul topoarelor-celt cu faetele arcoidale (tipul Dancu-Esenica, Ocnia) i faetele trapezoidale (tipurile Casimcea, Ploieti, Logreti) (Fig. 92).
Periodizarea complexelor este elaborat n baza a dou metode distincte. n primul caz
n baza metodei formalizrii, ca urmare a calculrii coeficientului asemnrii complexelor.
Acesta este calculat dup formula logic ii sau (Fig. 93-95). n cel de-al doilea caz, n temeiul analizei indiciilor dimensionale ale artefactelor cu conotaie cronologic (Fig. 96-102). n
cadrul analizei au fost incluse 38 de complexe, ce conin 265 tipuri de topoare-celt.

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Concluzii.
Toate depozitele se divizeaz n trei grupe mari, ce reflect trei perioade cronologice diferite, delimitate fiecare n faze sau etape (Fig. 95; Fig. 102; Fig. 103).
I perioad cuprinde depozitele care includ topoare-celt de tip/varianta Dievo i reflect
faza timpurie a existenei acestora din urm. Aceasta este divizat n dou faze sau etape.
Perioada IA corespunde nceputului producerii i existenei primelor topoare-celt de factur masiv, arhaic de tip/varianta Dievo, componente ale depozitelor Semerdievo, Pobit
Kamyk, Tekirdag, i parial ale depozitului Constana Palas, care include piese i din perioada
precedent mijlocie a epocii bronzului (Fig. 95; Fig. 102; Fig. 103).
Perioada IB cuprinde ntervalul de timp al rspndirii topoarelor-celt de tip/varianta Dievo standardizate. Acestea fac parte din componena depozitelor: Dievo, Constana Palas, Dancu, Casimcea, Enichioi, Mihai ravu, Kazanlyk .a. (Fig. 95; Fig. 102; Fig. 103). Aceast grup
de depozite ce reprezint perioada timpurie a existenei topoarelor-celt de tradiie Dunrea de
Jos (tipul/varianta Dievo), poate fi denumit complexe de tip Constana-Dievo.
Perioada a II-a. De asemenea este divizat n dou faze sau etape cronologice (Fig. 102,
scara 5-9 de jos).
Perioada IIA se afl n legtur cu perioada de existen a topoarelor-celt ale variantei
Oinacu, ce reprezint derivate cu dimensiuni mai mici ale tipului/varianta Dievo, i apariiei
topoarelor-celt de tip Vyrbica T2A i T2B. Complexele de baz: n cazul topoarelor-celt de tip
Oinacu depozitele Bourovo, Rjachovo, Oinacu, Gorsko Kosovo .a., iar n cel al topoarelorcelt de tip Vyrbica T2A i T2B depozitul Vyrbica 2 (Fig. 102, II ; Fig. 103).
Perioada IIB se caracterizeaz prin diminuarea rspndirii topoarelor-celt ale variantei
Oinacu i o cretere cantitativ a numrului topoarelor-celt de tip Vyrbica T2A i T2B. Complexele de baz n ceea ce privete topoarele-celt ale variantei Oinacu depozitele Samovodene
i parial N. Blcescu i Gorsko Kosovo, iar al topoarelor-celt de tip Vyrbica T2A i T2B
depozitul Vyrbica 2 i parial Vyrbica 1 (Fig. 102, II ; Fig. 103). Aceast grup de complexe
poate fi denumit complexe de tip Oinacu-Samovodene.
Perioada a III-a. Cele mai reprezentative complexe pentru aceast perioad este depozitul Ova Mogila, de asemenea Vyrbica 1, Vyrbica 2 i Gorsko Kosovo, aflate n mare parte
n legtur i cu perioada precedent. Aceste depozite includ preponderent topoare-celt de tip
Vyrbica T2A i T2B, mai rar topoare-celt ale variantei Oinacu i ale altor tipuri, puine la
numr (Fig. 102, scara 1-5 de sus; Fig. 103).
Acestei perioade i sunt caracteristice piese de dimensiuni mici, divizate n trei grupe, ce
corespund intervalelor de 6, 7 i 8 centimetri, iar n cazul depozitelor Vyrbica 1, Vyrbica 2 i
Gorsko Kosovo parial corespunztoare intervalelor dimensionale specifice perioadei precedente, a II-a (Fig. 102, III -, II -). Grupa respectiv de complexe, ce reprezint etapa
final a existenei topoarelor-celt de tradiie Dunrea de Jos, poate fi denumit complexe de
tip Vyrbica-Ova Mogila (Fig. 102, III).
Capitolul II include clasificarea tipologic i sistematizarea secerelor, elaborate preponderent n baza analizei indiciilor dimensionale i corelrilor acestora (Fig. 110-117).
Concluzii. Secerele de la Dunrea de Jos sunt divizate n trei tipuri, diferite n ceea ce
privete dimensiunile, proporiile, indicii greutii i spaiul de rspndire. Secerele de dimensiuni mari de tip Dievo (Fig. 119), specifice regiunilor actuale din nord-estului Bulgariei i

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Dobrogei sunt rspndite pn n bazinul Niprului (Fig. 120); seceri de dimensiuni mijlocii de
tip Drajna (Fig. 121), localizate preponderent n Muntenia, bazinul Oltului Mijlociu, bazinul
Siretului Inferior, i mai rar n Dobrogea (Fig. 123); seceri de dimensiuni mici de tip Vyrbica
(Fig. 124), caracteristice ndeosebi regiunii actuale din nord-vestul Bulgariei (Fig. 125).
Toate trei tipuri de seceri formeaz o serie tipologic: de tip Dievo, mai timpurii, prototipul, iar cele de tip Drajna i Vyrbica derivate, constituind dou ramificaii diferite.
Analiza asocierilor secerelor i topoarelor-celt n complexele nchise scot n eviden faptul
c secerele de tip Dievo, de regul, se asociaz cu topoarele-celt de tip/varianta Dievo, secerele de tip Drajna cu topoarele-celt ale variantei Oinacu, iar secerele de tip Vyrbica cu topoarele-celt de tip Vyrbica 2 (Fig. 126). Lundu-se n consideraie periodizarea topoarelor-celt
(Fig. 102; Fig. 103) i corelrile evideniate ntre tipurile de topoare-celt i tipurile de seceri
pot fi menionate urmtoarele:
1 secerele de tip Dievo se afl n legtur cu prima perioad cronologic evideniat, ca
component a complexelor de tip Constana-Dievo;
2 secerele de tip Drajna aparin celei de-a doua perioade cronologice ca parte component
a complexelor de tip Oinacu-Samovodene;
3 secerele de tip Vyrbica in de perioada a treia cronologic i complexele de tip VyrbicaOva Mogila.
Capitolul III conine analiza unor categorii funcionale suplimentare specifice pentru
etapa timpurie a centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo, n vederea determinrii originii
i genezei acestuia. Acestea sunt: dlile plate (Fig. 129; Fig. 133; Fig. 134); dlile cu toc de
nmnuare longitudinal i lam faetat pe una din prile late (Fig. 136); pumnalele-spade
(i pumnalele) (Fig. 141-143; Fig. 146); acele cu plac rombic (Fig. 147); o grup de vrfuri de
lance (Fig. 149) i brice (Fig. 151).
Analiza acestor categorii funcionale denot, c toate i au originea n tradiiile de prelucrare a metalelor de tip Labojkovka-Golourov-Malye Kopani din perioada pre- Sabatinovka i
Sabatinovka timpurie din bazinul Niprului de Mijloc i de Jos, caracteristice ntr-o msur mai
mare sau mai mic att pentru culturile Sabatinovka, Noua, ct i Coslogeni de la Dunrea de
Jos. n legtur cu aceste tradiii, fr ndoial, se afl i apariia celor trei categorii de topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale, care determin specificul setului de piese al fiecrei din culturile
menionate: topoarele-celt cu dou urechiue i faetele arcoidale cu orificiu n partea superioar definitorii culturii Sabatinovka; topoarele-celt cu o urechiu i faetele arcoidale cu orificiu n partea superioar culturii Noua de la est de Carpai i topoarele-celt fr urechiue cu
faetele arcoidale cu orificiu n partea superioar centrului Dievo al culturii Coslogeni.
Respectiv, originea centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo se afl n legtur cu procesul formrii complexului cultural Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni, nsoit i de constituirea
unei zone unitare de producere cu schimb liber de inovaii tehnologice, set de piese relativ
uniform tipologic, comer i schimb de materie prim i piese finite.
Capitolul IV abordeaz problematicile cronologiei absolute i caracterizrii generale a
perioadelor, complexelor, centrelor de prelucrare a metalelor i raporturilor acestora cu alte
grupe.
Analiza determinrilor 14C existente n cazul culturilor bronzului trziu perioadei hallstattiene timpurii de la Dunrea de Jos, est de Carpai i din Ukraina, confirm datarea abso-

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lut a culturilor hallstattiene timpurii din spaiul n discuie n intervalul sec. XII-X/IX a.Chr.
Totodat, inndu-se cont de datele menionate, existena culturilor Sabatinovka, Noua i
Coslogeni, este determinat n intervalul sec. 1600/1500 1250/1150 a.Chr., ceea ce n conformitate cu sistemul Reinecke Mller-Karpe corespunde perioadelor BrB1/BrB2 BrD/HaA1
(Fig. 154). Toate acestea scot n eviden faptul c datarea absolut a nceputului complexelor
metalice caracteristice acestor culturi, de asemenea trebuie rectificat n concordan cu datele prezentate.
Concluziile generale. Dezvoltarea metalurgiei n perioada trzie a epocii bronzului la
Dunrea de Jos cuprinde trei perioade principale. Prima, se afl n legtur cu centrul de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo al culturii Coslogeni, cea de-a treia cu centrul Vyrbica, ce a activat
n mediul culturilor hallstattiene timpurii, iar cea de-a doua poart un caracter tranzitoriu
(Fig. 102-103).
I perioad include dou faze sau etape distincte: I corespunde intervalului de timp al formrii centrul de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo i I dezvoltrii maxime a acestuia (Fig. 155, I).
Originea centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo se afl n legtur cu procesul formrii
complexului cultural Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni, nsoit de restructurri culturale n regiunile de sud-vest al Europei de Est, din bazinul Niprului pn la est de Carpai i Dunrea de
Jos, i totodat de formarea unui spaiu unitar de producere cu tehnologii unice i existena
acelorai serii tipologice sau similare.
Prototipurile nemijlocite ale formrii acestui complex le constituie piesele din perioada
pre-Sabatinovka din bazinul Niprului de Mijloc de tip Labojkovka-Golourov (Fig. 156,4), categorii, tipuri sau derivate ale crora vor deveni definitorii pentru toate centrele de prelucrare a
metalelor ale complexului cultural menionat (Fig. 157). Rolul determinant n formarea spaiului unitar de producere a revenit complexelor de tip Dneprovo-Kamenka Malye Kopani
din bazinul Niprului de Jos (Fig. 156,3), ce denot formarea unui nou set de piese i tipuri,
evoluia dinamic ulterioar ale crora au determinat nu numai similitudinile, dar i specificul
fiecrui centru de prelucrare a metalelor nou format, att al culturilor Sabatinovka, Noua sau
Coslogeni, ct i al culturilor ulterioare hallstattiene timpurii.
Perioada IA este reprezentat de depozitele Pobit Kamyk, Semerdievo, Constana Palas,
Odile-Podari i Medgidia (Fig. 158). Trstura distinctiv ale acestora o constituie asocierea
unor piese izolate din perioada precedent mijlocie a epocii bronzului cu tipurile definitorii
centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo n perioada de maxim dezvoltare. Piesele caracteristice: dlile plate, dlile cu toc de nmnuare longitudinal i lam faetat pe una din prile late, pumnalele-spade i pumnale de diferite tipuri, vrfuri de lance cu tocul de nmnuare diferit, ace cu plac rombic, .a., de asemenea primele topoare-celt cu faetele arcoidale cu
orificii n partea superioar de tip Dievo i seceri cu acelai nume (Fig. 155; Fig. 157).
Lund n consideraie localizarea acestor complexe, formarea centrului de prelucrare a
metalelor Dievo coreleaz cu epicentrul arealului culturii Coslogeni regiunea din stnga
Dunrii de Jos, dar mai ales din partea dreapt (Fig. 156).
Similitudinile tipologice denot faptul c complexele perioadei IA de la Dunrea de Jos
sunt sincrone complexelor timpurii ale culturii Noua de la est de Carpai depozitele Deleni,
Rdeni, Blneti, Reti, Codreanca i parial Ghermneti, Ruginoasa i Lozova. n bazinul Niprului, acestui orizont corespund cele mai trzii complexe de tip Labojkovka-Golourov

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i integral complexele de tip Malye Kopani Dneprovo-Kamenka. Acestui interval temporal
aparin i o parte din complexele culturii Trzinec de Est (Fig. 156).
Durata acestei perioade corespunde aproximativ primelor dou-trei sferturi ale sec. XV
a.Chr. (Fig. 154; Fig. 155 IA; Fig. 157 IA)
Perioada IB corespunde etapei de maxim dezvoltare a centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo. Tipurile definitorii: topoarele-celt i secerele de tip Dievo, standardizate din punct
de vedere tehnico-morfologic i dimensional (Fig. 155; Fig. 157).
Complexele reprezentative: depozitele Batovo, erena, Dibi, Dievo, Dobri, Dulovo, Isperich, Kubrat, Loznica, Suvorovo 1, Tyka, Constana Palas, Casimcea, Mihai Bravu, Gura
Dobrogei .a. (Fig. 158). Toate aceste depozite sunt localizate n nord-estul Bulgariei i n
Dobrogea, i scot n eviden aria mai ntins a centrului de prelucrare a metalelor Dievo ce
acoper aproape tot spaiul de rspndire al culturii Coslogeni (Fig. 156).
Celelalte depozite, cu un set de piese similar rspndite din Oltenia i Muntenia pn n
bazinul Niprului, pot fi definite drept importuri (Stroti, Chiinu, Dancu, Enichioi, Kozorezovo, Orechovo, .a.) (Fig. 156).
Perioada este caracterizat de continuarea legturilor intensive orientate aproape exclusiv
n direcia nordic. Acestea sunt relevate de schimbul reciproc de elemete ornamentale, unele
imitaii i ndeosebi de multitudinea depozitelor de import cu piese de la Dunrea de Jos descoperite n Muntenia i mai departe n aria culturii Noua i ndeosebi Sabatinovka.
Lundu-se n consideraie similitudinile tipologice (Fig. 157), depozitele acestei perioade
sunt sincrone cu majoritatea complexelor de la est de Carpai, aflate n legtur cu cultura Noua,
datate tradiional n faza BrD. Depozitele din estul Romniei : Ciorani, Bleni, Bozia Nou, Bozienii de Sus, Doljeti, Duda, Mona, Ruginoasa, Criveti, Heleteni, Ulmi-Liteni, .a., din R. Moldova Alexndreni, Hristici, Gura Camencii, Vrvreuca, Heciul Nou, Lozova, .a. (Fig. 156). n
aria culturii Sabatinovka acestui orizont corespund depozitele ce conin preponderent piese de la
est de Carpai, din mediul culturii Noua (Novo-Trojany, Becilovo, uravlinka, Kurjae Lozy, Antonovka, Knjaz-Grigorevka, Miurin Rog) i ntr-un numr mai redus depozitele ce includ piese
locale (Dobrjanka, Dremajlovka, Melnikovka, .a.), de asemenea i atelierele de tipare: Krasnyj
Majak, Novokievka, Marinovka, parial Voloskoe 1, .a. (Fig. 156).
Durata perioadei IB cuprinde aproximativ dou secole, corespunznd n linii mari sec.
XIV-XIII i probabil parial primei jumti a sec. XII a.Chr. (Fig. 154; Fig. 155; Fig. 157).
Perioada a II-a se caracterizeaz prin fenomene de criz, determinate probabil de restructurrile culturale ca urmare a dispariiei culturilor bronzului trziu i constituirii culturilor
hallstattiene timpurii. Aceasta include dou faze sau etape (A i B), ns limitele acestora, ct
i n general ale perioadei, din cauza caracterului tranzitoriu, nu pot fi determinate categoric
(Fig. 155, II A-B).
Piesele de baz rmn a fi n continuare topoarele-celt i secerele, ns, dispar aproape
complet diferitele tipuri de arme, piesele de prestigiu i o bun parte a obiectelor de podoab
(Fig. 155, II). Este constatat de asemenea i o cretere a diversitii tipologice a topoarelorcelt (Fig. 155). ns, fiind derivate ale topoarelor-celt de tip Dievo (Fig. 92), aceste tipuri, de
regul, sunt reprezentate de serii mici, ce reprezint diferite formaiuni regionale. Toate aceste tipuri noi se deosebesc prin dimensiuni i respectiv greutate mai mici.
Topoarele-celt definitorii reprezint cinci tipuri: tipul/varianta Oinacu, Dancu i Casimcea, Ocnia i Ploieti (Fig. 90). Primele sunt caracteristice bazinului r. Jantry (Fig. 30, II; Fig.

278
159), urmtoarele preponderent pentru partea estic a Dunrii de Jos (Fig. 75; Fig. 159 B), iar
topoarele-celt de tip Ocnia i Ploieti, preponderent pentru partea vestic (Fig. 75; 159 C).
Cea de-a doua dintre categoriile funcionale de baz este reprezentat de secerele de tip
Drajna (Fig. 155, 23), caracteristice ns numai pentru regiunea estic a noului spaiu de producere (Fig. 123; Fig. 159 B).
Activitatea de prelucrare a metalelor unitar a centrului Dievo (Fig. 156, I), pe durata
perioadei de tranziiei este rspndit n toat cmpia Dunrii de Jos, delimitat la nord de
Carpaii Meridionali, iar la sud de lanul muntos Stara Planina, se descompune n trei centre
regionale relativ distincte (Fig. 159, I A-C).
Unul dintre acestea este localizat n bazinul r. Jantra, i parial malul stng al Dunrii (Fig. 159 I A). Definitorii acestuia sunt topoarele-celt de tip/varianta Oinacu i derivatele
acestuia. Complexele reprezentative acestui centru regional de prelucrare a metalelor sunt depozitele: Oinacu, Pietroani, Rjachovo, Gorsko Kosovo, Samovodene i ntr-o anumit msur
Straica i Vyrbica 2 (Fig. 159 1-7).
Cea de-a doua regiune sau centru cuprinde nord-vestul Bulgariei, Dobrogea i Muntenia
(Fig. 159, I B). Piesele caracteristice sunt topoarele-celt de tip Dancu i Casimcea, i ndeosebi
secerele de tip Drajna (depozitele Drajna de Jos, Olteni, Nicolae Blcescu, Mangalia) (Fig.
159). De asemenea n aceast regiune capt rspndire o serie de piese de import (de tip
transilvnean, de la Dunrea de Mijloc i/sau din teritoriul actual al Ungariei), ceea ce denot
o criz n ceea ce privete producerea local, pe de alt parte denot nceputul procesului de
hallstattizare a culturilor locale (Dolgopol, Drajna de Jos, Olteni, Putreda, umen 3, Smbta Nou 2, Techirghiol) (Fig. 159).
Al treilea centru este localizat n bazinul inferior al Oltului, bazinul Jiului i parial partea
dreapt a Dunrii (Fig. 159 I C). Acestuia i sunt caracteristice topoarele-celt de tip Ocnia, Ploieti i Logreti (Fig. 90). Complexele ce includ astfel de tipuri sunt depozitul de la Ocnia i atelierul de la Logreti-Moteni. Depozitele Socu i Sacoi includ exclusiv piese de import (Fig. 159).
Pe durata perioadei sunt meninute relaiile cu comunitile culturale de la est de Carpai
i din nord-vestul Mrii Negre. ns volumul exportului se reduce semnificativ, i de regul se
rezum la unele piese ce se asociaz n complexe cu piesele de origine local (Cndeti, igneti, Negreti, Novo-Trojany, Kurjae Lozy, Antonovka, Rajgorodka, Starosele). Este semnificativ faptul c piesele exportate n direcia nordic coreleaz cu aria formaiunilor estice. Alt
direcie a legturilor manifest piesele centrului regional vestic topoarele-celt de tip Ocnia,
fac parte din componena depozitelor de la Dunrea de Mijloc pn n bazinul Tisei Superioare
(Fig. 159). Din cauza cercetrii insuficiente a aezrilor, problema corelrii centrelor regionale
cu formaiunile culturale corespunztoare rmne deschis.
Depozitele celei de-a doua perioade de la Dunrea de Jos se sincronizeaz cu depozitele trzii ale culturilor Noua i Sabatinovka, ce includ tipuri est-carpatice n asociere cu primele piese
hallstattiene, parial i cu complexele timpurii ale culturii Belozerka. Aceste complexe sunt
atribuite tradiional sau sfritului perioadei BrD sau perioadei HaA1. n cazul culturii Noua
acestea sunt depozitele: Cndeti, Bleni, Gioseni, igneti, Ttrani, Negreti, Ulmi-Liteni,
Ilieni, Tecani, Heciul Nou, Mndreti, iar al culturii Sabatinovka - depozitele Enichioi, NovoTrojany, Krasnyj Majak, Kurjae Lozy, Antonovka, Solonec, Rajgorodka, Nikopol (Fig. 159).
Dintre complexele ce includ piese de tip Belozerka timpurie pot fi menionate depozitele Soco-

279
leni, Frldeni, Dikij Sad, Krivoj Kut, Cherson- reg., Starosele, Poltava-reg., de asemenea
atelierele de tipare Androvo, Novoaleksandrovka, Vyetarasovka i Voloskoe 1 (Fig. 159).
Durata perioadei de tranziie cuprinde aproximativ sec. XII, parial i a doua jumtate a
sec. XIII a.Chr.
Perioada a III-a este reprezentat de complexele centrului de prelucrare a metalelor
Vyrbica. Acesta se dateaz n perioada hallstattian timpurie. n ceea ce privete formaiunile
culturale aflate n legtur cu aceste complexe, determinarea lor rmne dificil (Fig. 160).
Centrul de prelucrare a metalelor Vyrbica constituie o continuare a tradiiilor de tip Dievo, ns originea nemijlocit a acestuia se afl n legtur cu complexele de tip Oinacu-Gorsko
Kosovo-Straica, cu care manifest tangene spaial-cronologice (Fig. 102; Fig. 160).
Activitatea acestui focar are dou dimensiuni contradictorii. Pe de o parte, centrul Vyrbica
denot o stabilizare i o concentrare n ceea ce privete activitatea de prelucrare a metalelor
(Fig. 160 IA). Pe de alta, numrul infim al complexelor, spaiul restrns de rspndire i aproape inexistena definitiv n teritoriile limitrofe, denot c centrul Vyrbica reprezint procesul
de declin al activitii de prelucrare a bronzului de la Dunrea de Jos.
Capt rspndire larg n aceast perioad nu topoarele-celt cu faetele arcoidale, ci cele
cu faetele trapezoidale, ornamentate cu nervuri longitudinale. Acestea sunt topoarele-celt de tip
Vyrbica T1, Vyrbica T2A i Vyrbica T2B (Fig. 90; Fig. 155). Ctre sfritul perioadei sunt introduse n circuit de asemenea topoarele-celt de tip Pelovo i Ova Mogila (Fig. 90; Fig. 155). n cazul
dezvoltrii tuturor acestor topoare-celt se constat o reducere treptat n ceea ce privete dimensiunile i greutatea (Fig. 96-97; 99). Unica variaie de seceri este reprezentat de cele de tip Vyrbica,
o ramificaie diferit a secerelor de tip Dievo, cu dimensiuni i greutate mici (Fig. 155).
Acestei perioade i este caracteristic un numr redus de complexe: depozitele Vyrbica 1 i
Vyrbica 2, Ova Mogila, Gorsko Slivovo, Gorsko Kosovo, Agatovo, Guljancy, Prodimec, Pelovo,
Gradenica, .a. (Fig. 160), majoritatea crora includ un numr redus de piese. Acestea sunt
localizate ntr-un spaiu limitat, ce corespunde interfluviului rurilor Jantry i Iskar (Fig. 160
I). n alte regiuni (cu excepia depozitului Smbta Nou 1) nu este cunoscut nici un complex
cu piese respective. O bun parte a Dunrii de Jos este inclus n aria de rspndire a pieselor
hallstattiene, de tradiie de la Dunrea de Mijloc, de pe teritoriul actual al Ungariei i/sau din
Transilvania (Pdureni, Smbta Nou 1, Boldeti, Slcioara, Pietrosu, Plenia) (Fig. 160).
Una din consecinele reducerii drastice a activitii locale de prelucrare a metalelor a constituit ntreruperea legturilor culturale i a exportului n alte medii culturale.
Activitatea centrului Vyrbica i existena complexelor perioadei date corespunde duratei
de timp a depozitelor Brlad, Arsura, Rafaila, Basarabi, Suceava, Jijia, Vratic, Valea Rusului
din aria culturii Chiinu-Corlteni i parial a culturii mai trzii Cozia Saharna-Solonceni
(Fig. 160). n aria culturii Belozerka acest orizont este reprezentat de un numr redus de depozite ce conin piese de import (Pavlovka. Novogrigorovka) (Fig. 160), i ndeosebi de atelierele
de tipare: Nikolaev, Kardainka 1-3, Ptachovka, Radensk, Zavadovka, Solocha, Voznesenka,
Staraja Igren, .a. (Fig. 160).
Cadrul cronologic al perioadei a III-a cuprinde sec. XI IX a.Chr., ns cele mai timpurii
complexe (Gorsko Kosovo, Vyrbica 2) aparin cu certitudine sec. XII a.Chr. (Fig. 155; Fig. 158).
n ceea ce privete cronologia intern, adic datatrea absolut a limitelor fecrei faze sau etape, aceasta este dependent de acumularea noilor artefacte i noile cercetri.

280

282

I.
1 ( 1-136).
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/DIEVO (. 1. . 1-10, 1-136)
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(. 1, 1). . , (. 1, 1). , , .
.
9,4, . 3,6, . 3,5 . 6,2 . 214,
220
. . ( 5277). .
2-6. Bourovo/, . . Blg. (. 1, 2-6). ,
(BrD/HaA1)1.
. , , . . ( 238-240). 1978. 193. . 34, 7, 12.
2.
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. (. 238A).
3. .
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3,2, . 3,8,
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223 . . (. 239A). 1978. . 34, 12.
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(. 1, 6). 1978. . 34, 7.
7-19.
Dievo/=Sokol/,
. . Blg. (. 1, 7-19). 13
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(BrD). .
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-

283

. 1. , /Dievo:
1 ; 2-6 ; 7-19 ; 20-30 ; 31 ; 32-33 .; 34 ; 35 ; 36 ; 37 ; 38 .; 39
; 40-45 ; 46 ; 47 ; 48 ; 49-50 ; 51
; 52 .; 53-55 .; 56-62 ; 63 ;
64 ; 65 ; 66 .; 67-70 .; 71-72
.; 73 ; 74-76 1; 77 ; 78 ; 79 Sterne Dergisi;
80 Tekirdag; 81 ; 82 Csciorele; 83-84 Casimcea; 85-96 Constana Palas;
97 Drajna de Jos; 98 Mihai Bravu; 99-105 Nicolae Blcescu; 106-119 Oinacu; 120 Sabangia; 121-122 Pietroani; 123 Ulmi-Liteni; 124-125 Dancu; 126 Rcani; 127 ;
128 ; 129 ; 130 ; 131-132 ; 133 ; 134
, 135-136 Enichioi.

284
,
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244-245, 247-248, 250-252, 255, 259, 267, 276,
279). 1970. 11-13; , 1977; 1978. 189 . .
31, 9; . 32, 16-17, 21-22; . 33, 6-8,
10, 13-14; . 34,4; 1990. 135
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285
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1978. . 33, 14.
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251). 1978. . 32, 22.
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1978. . 34, 4.
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3,4, . 4,6 . (.
2, 19). , 1977. 131.
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20-30. Gorsko Kosovo/ , . . Blg. (. 1,

20-30). 11 , (HaA1). ,
,
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( 85-86, 99, 101-108). 1978. 189
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34, 3; . 35, 1, 5, 7, 9.
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: 10,3, . 3,2,
. 3,8, 6,6 .
(. 2, 20). 157 . . .
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. 35, 1, .

286
25. . ,
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(. 2, 26). 197 . . .
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(. 3, 29). 190 . . .
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30. , , , ,
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4 6). 9,5, . 3,2, . 3,7,
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5, .
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. Blg. (. 1, 31). , ,
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192. . 99, 1.
32-33. Kazanlyk/ .,
. . Blg. (. 1, 32-33).
, (BrD). . 1978.
32. ,
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4,0, . 5,2 . (. 3, 32). 1978. . 32, 8.
33. , . ,

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3,3, . 4,0 . (. 3,
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34. Kubrat/, . ,
Blg. (. 1, 34).
(BrD). . .
.

287
(. 3, 34). ,
. 12,6, . 4,3,
. 4,6 . 6,8 .
478 . . (. 5690-1).
.
35. Liuljakovo/, . , Blg. (. 1, 35). (15,27,44,5 )

.
(. 3,
35). : 11,2,
. 3,7, . 3,8 .
. (. 1885). 1978.
. 33, 17; Wanzek 1989. Taf. 46, 2; 2006. 120. . 4, 2.
36. Loznica/, . ,
Blg. (. 1, 36).
(BrD). , , -
.
(. 3, 36). , .
. 10,7, .
3,8, . 4,3 . 7,6 . 374 . .
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(. 1, 37).
. ,
(. 3, 37). . , .
12,6, . 3,7, . 4,4
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. . (. 595). .
38. Nova Zagora/ .,
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, .
, . (. 3, 38). ,
. 12,3, .
3,5, . 3,4 . 6,2
. 346, ,
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1389). 1978. . 32, 7.
39. Novgrad/, . , Blg.
(. 1, 39). . , ,
-, (.
3, 39). 10,8, . 3,7, .
4,1 . 1978. .33, 4.
40-45. Ova Mogila/ ,
. . Blg. (. 1,
40-45). ,
(HaA-HaB). ,
, . . . (. 2278-2279, 2292,
2303-2305). 2000; Krau 2005.
40. . .
, .
10,1, . 3,3, . 3,4, 6,8 . (. 4,
40). 156 . . (.
2304).
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.
- . ,
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288
3,2, . 3,5,
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5,8 . 140 . .
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46. Pela/, . , Blg.
(. 1, 46). . ,
(. 4, 46.
. , .
12,3, . 3,5, . 3,7 . 5,2 . 367
. . . (. 47).
1978. . 32, 10.
47. Pobit Kamyk/ , .
,. Blg. (. 1, 47).

,
(BrD).
-

, . ,
, (. 4,
47).
: 14,0 , . 3,9, . 4,5 . Hnsel 1976.
Taf. 1, 8; 1978. 256. . 67, 6.
48. Preslav/, . .
Blg. (. 1, 48). . , (. 4, 48). . ,
. 13,5, . 3,3,
. 3,8 . 8,5 .
352 . . . (. 2792).
1978. . 32, 9.
49-50. Rjahovo/, . .
Blg. (. 1, 49-50). , -, (BrD/
HaA1). , . . . . (. 3010, 3010).
1978. . 32, 14; . 34, 6.
49. .
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49). , .
10,1, . 3,2, . 4,1 . 7,0 . 214
. . . (. 3010).
1978. . 32, 14.
50. , .
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3,4 . 6,7 . 215 .
. . (. 3010).
1978. . 34, 6.
51. Dolgopol/, . ,
Blg. (. 1, 51).
(BrD-HaA1). ,
. (. 4, 51). -

289
, . 13,8, . 4,3, . 4,5 . . . .
52. Razgrad/ . .
, Blg. (. 1, 52).
.
, .
. , (. 4, 52). , . 11,8, .
3,8, . 4,0 .
7,5 . 302 , , 315 . .
(. 5691). .
53-55. Ruse/ ., . .
Blg. (. 1, 53-55). , , -, (BrD).
, . .
. . (. 1936, 2402, 2403).
1978. . 32, 15; . 34, 8-9.
53. ,
(. 5, 53). , . 10,9, . 3,5, .
4,2 . 6,4 . 315 .
(. 2402). 1978. . 32, 15.
54.
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.

(. 5, 54). , ,
. 13,7, .
3,6, . 4,6 .
8,6 . 502 . . . (.
1936). 1978. . 34,8,
.
55. . ,
.
-

.
,
. (. 5, 55). , ,
. 11,8, . 3,5,
. 4,6 . 7,5 .
377 . . . (. 2403).
1978. . 34, 9.
56-62. Samovodene/, .
. Blg. (. 1, 56-62).
,
(BrD/HaA1). ,
. . 1933; 1978. .
32, 19; . 33, 1,3, 5,9; 2006. 36-45.
. 1, 1-7.

56. . (. 5, 56). , .
9,5, . 2,6, . 3,4 .
57. ,
.
(. 5, 57). 10,1, .
3,1, . 3,8 .
58. ,
. (. 5, 58). 9,8, . 3,1, . 3,7 .
59. ,
. (. 5, 59). 9,4, . 3,1, . 3,9 .
60. ,
. (. 5, 60). 10,3, . 3,4, . 3,7 .
61. ,
. (. 5, 61). 9,7, . 3,2, . 3,8 .
62. ,
. (. 5, 62). 9,0, . 3,2, . 3,7 .
63. Semerdievo/, .
, Blg. (. 1, 63). ,
(BrC-BrD). , ,

290
.
.
(. 5, 63). 14,5, . 4,7, .
4,8 . 7,8 . 745 .
. . (. 268). 1933.
356. . 10; 1978. . 33, 15.
64. Skalica/, . .
Blg. (. 1, 64). (13,66,83,5 ) .
,

. (.
5, 64). ,
. : 12,2, . 3,5, .
3,5 . . (. 284).
1978. . 34, 14.
65. Straica/, .
. Blg. (. 1, 65). (HaA-?). , ,
. (. 6, 65). 9,2, . 2,3, .
3,1 . 1978. . 34, 5.
66. Svilengrad/ .,
. . Blg. (. 1, 66).
. ,
(. 6, 66). 12,9, . 3,5, .
4,1 . 1969. 65. .3;
1978. . 33, 16.
67-70. umen/ ., .
, Blg. (. 1, 67-70). . . .
67.
,
.

(. 6, 67). . , .
10,9, . 3,5, . 3,5
. 7,5 . 232 . .
(. 898). 1978. .
33, 2; 1995. . 48. . 38. ( 39).
68. ,
(. 6, 68). .
. ,
. 13,5, . 3,6,
. 4,7 . 8,3 .
320 . . (.
897). 1978. . 34, 11;
1995. 49. . 42.
69. ,
(. 6, 69). .
.
. ,
. 10,2, . 3,4,
. 3,8 . 4,8 .
302 . . (. 7660).
?
70.
, (.
6, 70). .
, . 12,0, .
3,8, . 4,9 .
7,6 . 433 . . (.
1230). 1995. 48. . 40.
71-72. umen/ ., .
, Blg. (. 1, 71-72). , , -,
(BrD), .
, 1998 . .
(. 3610-3611). .
71. ,

291
(. 6, 71). ,
, ,
. .
.
, (. 6, 71). 10,5, . 3,7, .
4,1 . 5,6 . 330 .
. (. 3611).
72. ,

(. 6, 72). ,
.
, ,
. 11,9, . 4,0,
. 5,2 . 8,0 .
428 . . (. 3610).
73. Vazovo/, . . Blg.
(. 1, 73). , .
(. 6, 73). ,
. 12,6, . 3,5,
. 3,7 . 6,9 .
358 . . (. 119).
.
74-76. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 1, 74-76). , (HaA-HaB).
. . . 1933;
1967. .52. 1978. . 32, 18; .
34,13; . 35, 2.
74. .
.

, . ,
,
. (. 6, 74).

.
, ,
. 10,6, . 3,7,
. 4,0 . 7,2 .
214 . . . (. 2892).
1978. . 35, 2,
.
75.
(. 6, 75).
. , . 9,1,
. 3,5, . 4,3 .
7,3 . 204 . . .
(. 2805). 1978. .
32, 18.
76.
(. 6, 76).
, , . 9,6, . 2,9,
. 3,7 . ( ). 1978. . 34, 13.
77. elju Voivoda/ ,
. . Blg. (. 1, 77). ,
(HaA1-?).

,
. ,
.
(. 7, 77).
13,06,83,2 . : 11,5, . 3,5, .
4,4 . . (. 102).
- 1971. 66. . 11.;
1978. . 30, 16; Wanzek 1989. Tafel 46, 8;
2006. 87. . 2.
78. , Blg. (. 1, 78).

-

292
. -
(. 7, 78).
: 8,7, . 3,0, .
3,6 . 1978. . 31, 14.
79. Sterne Dergisi, Trkei (.
1, 79).
(. 7, 79). .
: 13,0,
. 4,0, . 4,3 .
Wanzek 1989. 20. Taf. 3,6.
80. Tekirdag, Trkei (. 1, 80).
( XIV XIII . ..).

(. 7, 80).
. :
13,4, . 4,2, . 5,5 . Hansen 2005. 304. Fig. 1, 7.
81.
82. Cscioarele/, jud.
Giurgiu. Rom. (. 1, 82).
, .
. 9,8, . 3,0, .
3,6 . 6,0 .
255 . (. 7, 82). erbnescu, Trohani
1975. 533. Fig. 3,5.
83-84. Casimcea/, jud. Tulcea. Rom. (. 1, 83-84). (BrD). , .
Muz. Tulcea. Simion 2003. 67. Pl. 7, 1-2.
83. , . , .
(. 7, 83). , ,
. 12,4, . 4,0,
. 4,0 . 7,3 .

84.
, .
, . ,
.
, ,
, (. 7, 84). ,
, . 13,6, .
3,8, . 3,8 .
7,6 .
85-96. Constana Palas/
, jud. Constana, Rom. (. 1,
85-96).
12 (BrD). ,
. . Muz. Constana. Irimia 1968.
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85. ,

. 12,1, .
4,0, . 4,6 . 7,0
. 396 . (. 7, 85).
86. . 12,1, . 4,0, .
4,7 . 8,1 . (.
7, 86). 345 .
87. , . 13,6, . 3,6, .
4,2 . 8,4 . (. 7, 87).
402 .
88. . 13,0, . 3,8, .
4,3 . (. 7, 88). 432 .
89. . 12,3, . 3,3, .
3,8 . (. 7, 89). 372 .
90. . . 13,7, . 4,0,

293
. 4,6 . 7,6 .
(. 7, 90). 414 .
91. .
,
. 13,5,
. 3,9, . 4,4 . 9,0 . (. 7, 91). 380 .
92. . , . 13,6, . 3,9, .
4,2 . 9,3 . (. 8, 92).
386 .
93. , .
11,8, . 3,5, . 4,7 . 8,2 . (. 8,
93). 424 .
94. ,
. 12,1, . 3,7, .
4,2 . (. 8, 94). 328 .
95. - , .
13,2, . 3,4, . 4,3 . (. 8, 95). 402 .
96. , .
,
.
12,0, . 3,1, . 4,9
. 7,4 . (. 8, 96).
326 . Muz. Constana (. 15568).
97. Drajna de Jos/ ,
com. Drajna. jud. Prahova. Rom. (.
1, 97).
(BrD-HaA1). ,
. , .
,
,
, , -

, .
,
. 10,8 (
11,2), . 3,5, . 3,5 . 5,5 . (.
8, 97). 355 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti
(. 13264). Andrieescu 1925. 363. Pl. III,
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98. Mihai Bravu/ , com.
Victoria, jud. Brila. Rom. (. 1, 98).
(BrD).

. .
. , (.
8, 98). 12,1, . 3,7,
. 4,1 . 8,4 .
398 . Muz. Brila ( . ). Haruche, Constantinescu 1983. 42. Fig. 5, 3.
99-105. Nicolae Blcescu/
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1, 99-105).
(BrD/HaA1).
, .
,
,
Aricescu 1970. 25-27, 51. Fig.
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99. 10,4, . 2,9,
. 3,8 . (. 8, 99). 177 .
100. 10,3, . 2,9,
. 4,1 . (. 8, 100). 175 .
101. 10,1, . 2,8,
. 3,6 . (. 8, 101). 156 .
102. 10,3, . 3,0,
. 4,1 . (. 8, 102). 213 .
103. 10,0, . 2,8,
. 3,6 . (. 8, 103). 220 .
104. 10,0, . 2,9,
. 3,7 . (. 8, 104). 180 .

294
105. ,
, - . 9,5, .
3,3, . 4,5 . (. 8,
105). 213 .
106-119. Oinacu/, jud. Giurgiu, Rom. (. 1, 106-119). 14
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,
.
, .
.
, , .
,
, .
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517 . . 1-3; . 4,1; . 5-6. .
7, 1,3.
106. ,
. 10,3, . 3,4, .
3,6 . (. 8, 106).
107. ,
. . 11,0,
. 3,3, . 3,6 .
(. 8, 107).
108. ,
. .
10,8, . 3,0, . 3,7 . (. 8, 108).
109. ,
. . 10,8, . 3,1, .
3,4 . (. 9, 109).
110. ,
,
. 10,6,
. 3,0, . 3,9 .
(. 9, 110).
111. .
11,0, . 3,0, . 3,8
. (. 9, 111).

112. ,
. 10,7, . 3,0, .
3,6 . (. 9, 112).
113. ,
, . 10,8, . 3,0, .
3,9 . (. 9, 113).
114. .
10,5, . 3,0, . 4,0
. (. 9, 114).
115. .
11,0, . 3,0, . 3,9
. (. 9, 115).
116. .
10,8, . 3,0, . 3,9
. (. 9, 116).
117. , .
,
. 10,6, .
3,1, . 4,0 . (. 9, 117).
118. .
10,8, . 3,2, . 4,0
. (. 9, 118).
119. , .

, .
9,9, . 3,3, . 3,8 .
(. 9, 119).
120.
Sabangia/,
com.
Sarichioi, jud. Tulcea. Rom. (. 1,
120).
, .
,
. ,
(. 9, 120). 13,4, .
3,8, . 4,0 . 7,3
. 487 . Simion 2005. 100. Fig. 2.
121-122.
Pietroani/,
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295
(BrD/HaA1). ,
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. , .

. Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti.
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121. 10,2, . 3,1,
. 3,8 . (. 9, 121).
122. 9,9, . 2,9,
. 3,5 . (. 9, 122).
123. Ulmi-Liteni/-, com.
Belceti, jud. Iai. Rom. (. 1, 123).
(BrD).
.
( 4,
8). , (. 10, 123).
9,6, . 2,5, . 4,0 . 6,9 . 155
. Muz. Iai (. N 894). Florescu 1961.
116. Fig. 4, 8; Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 77.
Pl. 88, 4.
124-125. Dancu/, r-n Hnceti.
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124. . , (. 10, 124). 13,2, . 3,9, .
3,8 . 8,3 . 395 .
125. . . , (.
10, 125). 12,6, . 4,1,
. 4,8 . 7,3 .
499 .
126. Rcani/ r-n. Rcani, Mld. (. 1, 126).
. , -

,
(. 10, 126).
. 10,0,
. 3,0 , . 4,8 .
Muz. Na. Arh. i Istorie. Chiinu.
1975. 25, . 9,9 ( );
Dergaev 2002. 41, N 135. Taf. 41, D.
127. Avraamovka/
, - , .
. Ukr. (. 1, 127). , (BrD).

. .
. , (. 10, 127). 9,8 ,
. 3,4 , . 4,1 .
7,3 . 225 . .
. (. 3032).
1976. 32; 1982.
114. . 43, 16.
128. ernjahiv/, - , . . Ukr. (. 1, 128).
. ,
(. 10, 128). : 9,5, . 3,3 ,
. 4,2 .
.. .
129. Majaka/, - , . . Ukr. (. 1, 129). , , -,
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, .
. (. 10, 129). 11,5 , .
3,6 , . 4,2 . 7,8 . 321 . . .
(. 3105).

296
1893. 37; 1955. 149. .
32, 11; 1976. . 2, 15.
130. Orechovo/, - , . . Ukr. (. 1, 130).
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.
, ,
(.
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124, 300 .
. . (. 4442). 1976. 77. . 2, 17; Kaiser, Popandopulo
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131-132. Starosele/, -
, . . Ukr. (.
1, 131-132).
(HaA1). . .
. 1982. 223. . 1, 2.
131. , (.
10, 131). , . 10,0,
. 3,2 , . 3,9 .
1982. 223. . 1, 2.
132. , .

(. 10, 132). , .
10,5, . 3,5 , .
3,8 . . . .
133 sterreich/.
. . , (.
10, 133). 8,3, . 3,1 ,
. 3,4 . 165 . Mayer 1977.
N 998. Taf. 186, 998.
134 Deutschland/.
A.Guttmann . ,

.

(. 10, 134). 14,2, .
4,1 , . 6,0 . 562 . Born,
Hansen 2001. 144. Abb. 117, AG 43.
135-136.
Enichioi/,
r-n
2
Cahul, Mld. (. 1, 135-136) . (BrD), 2010
. .. (.
). 2010 .
135. ,
(. 10, 135).
-,
0,4 .

,

. ,
, .
, ,
,
, . 12,2, 3,7,
4,3 . 8,2 . 462 .
136.
(. 10, 136).

.
,
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
, . 10,7,
3,2, 3,6 .
6,1 . 231 .
2

 2 ( 1-56).
2.
(. 2. . 11-14, 1-56)
1-8. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 2, 1-8). ,
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,
. . . .
(. 2803, 2807, 2811, 2812,
2816, 1889, 2890 ). 1978.
1. , ,
, . , ,
. 8,9, .
3,8, . 4,6 . 7,3
. (. 11, 1). 225 . . . (. 2890). 1978. . 32,
23, .
2.
. . , ,
. 9,2, . 3,5,
. 4,5 . 6,1 .
(. 11, 2). 223 . . .
(. 2889). 1978. . 31, 12.
3.
. . , ,
. 7,8, .
3,1, . 3,8 . 5,8
. (. 11, 3). 156 . . . (. 2816?). 1978. ?
4. -

.
, ,
. ,
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. 4,1 . 6,0 .
(. 11, 4). 154 . . .
(. 2811). 1978. . 32 ,3.
5. ,
.
. 8,3, . 3,1,
. 4,1 . 5,5 .
(. 11, 5). 206 . . .
(. 2812). 1978. . 32, 5.
6. ,
,
. , ,
. 9,8, . 3,3,
. 3,9 . 7,8 .
(. 11, 6). 200 . . .
(. 2803). 1978. . 31, 15.
7. .

. , , .
9,5, . 3,4, . 4,3 . 6,2 . (.
14, 7). 213 . . . (.
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8. , ,
. , , . 9,5, . 3,3, . 4,2 . 6,0 . (. 11, 8). 209 . .
. (. ?). 1978 ?

298

. 2. :
1-8, 27-28, 38-39 1; 9-13, 40-41, 51-52 2; 14-18, 30-31, 55-56 ;
19-20, 29, 37 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24
; 25 ; 26 =; 32, 35-36 ; 33 ; 34 erna; 42,
48-49, 53 ; 43 ; 44 Cireoia I; 45 Nicolae Blcescu; 46 ; 47
Enichioi; 50 ; 54 .

299
9-13. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 2, 9-13). ,
1965 . (HaA-HaB). ,
.
. . (. 949,
952-955). 1967; 1978.
9. . . : ,
. 8,4, . 3,4,
. 3,8 . 6,1 .
(. 11, 9). 145 . . (.
955). 1978. . 31, 8.
10. ,

. , . 9,8,
. 3,5, . 4,7 .
6,5 . (. 11, 10).
265 . . (. 954).
1978. . 31, 10.
11.
, . , . 9,4, .
3,5, . 4,2 . 7,6
. (. 11, 11). 219 . .
(. 949). 1978. . 31, 19.
12.
,
. , . 7,8,
. 3,3, . 4,2 .
4,6 . (. 11, 12).
205 . . (. 952). 1978. . 31. 21
13.
-

. , . 8,4, .
3,2, . 4,1 .
5,5 . (. 11, 13). 189 .
. (. 953). 1978.
. 31.17
14-18. Ova Mogila/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2, 1418). , (HaA-HaB). ,
,
,
, . . (. 2283, 2297, 23012302, 2307). 2000; Krau 2005.
14. . , , .
,
. . , . : 7,3, . 3,0, .
3,5, 5,8 . (.
12, 14). 110 . .
(. 2297).
15.
, . , . . :
9,5, . 3,7, . 4,2,
7,5 . (. 12, 15). 206
. . (. 2307).
16. : - , .

(. 12, 16).
, . : 7,4,
. 3,2, . 3,5, 5,5 . 131 . . (. 2301).

300
17. ,
-
,
. (. 12, 17).
, .
. 7,2, . 2,8, .
3,3, 6,0 . 110 . .
(. 2283).
18.
, .

(. 12, 18). , .
: 7,9, . 3,2,
. 3,9, 6,2 .
137 . . (.
2295).
19-20. Gorsko Kosovo/ , . . Blg. (. 2,
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. .
. ( 96, 91). 1978.
. 31, 11; . 32, 2.
19. . - .
: ,
.
- . 9,6, .
3,7, . 4,2,
7,0 . (. 12, 19). 179 .
. . (. 96). 1978.
. 31, 11.
20.
. .
.
, , . 8,4,

. 3,2, . 4,3, 5,6 . (. 12, 20). 185

. . . (. 91).
1978. . 32, 2.
21. Gorsko Slivovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2, 21). ? (HaA-?) , .
(. 12, 21). 10,8, .
3,8, . 5,2 . 1978. . 31, 13.
22. Agatovo/, . .
Blg. (. 2, 22). ?
(HaA-?). ,
, . (. 12, 22).
7,7, . 2,3, . 3,2
. 1978. . 32, 4.
23. Goce Delev/ , .
. Blg. (. 2, 23). . .
(. 12, 23). 8,8, .
2,2, . 4,7 . Koprivlen 2002.
Fig. 31, 5.
24. Mali Izvor/ , . Srb. (. 2, 24).
(HaA1, Stufe II). , . . : 11,0 , .
3,0 , . 5,0 . (. 12, 24).
Vasi 1982. 279. Abb. 3, 5.
25. Lesura/, . , Blg.
(. 2, 25). . ,

301
(.
12, 25). ,
. 10,1 , . 3,3 , . 4,7 ,
6,1 . 240 . . (.
649). 1966. 48. . 1;
1978 ( ) . 39, 11.
26. Dievo/=Sokol/, .
. Blg. (. 2, 26). (BrD). . .

. ,
.
, .
, . 7,7, . 3,3, . 3,8, 5,3
. (. 12, 26). 179 . . (. 253). 1978. . 30,
8, .
27-28. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 2, 27-28). ,
(HaA-HaB). , .
.
, , . .
. (. 2820), . 1978.
27. ,
, . , , .
6,4, . 3,4, . 4,2 . 5,2 . (.
12, 27). 134 . . . (.
2820). 1978. . 31, 2,
.
28. , .
8,4, . 3,2, . -

3,9 . (. 12, 28). 1978.

. 31, 3 .
29. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2, 29).
(HaA1).
,
. .
, , . 7,5,
. 3,4, . 4,0, 5,7 . (. 13, 29). 131 .
. . (. 111). 1978.
. 30, 9, .
30-31. Ova Mogila/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2,
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, ,
. . . 2000; Krau 2005.
30.
. , , . 7,3, . 3,3, . 3,5,
5,4 . (. 13, 30). 132 . . (. 2300).
31. . ,
, . , , . 7,6,
. 3,1, . 4,0, 5,9 . (. 13, 31). 150
. . (. 2281).
32. Straica/, .
. Blg. (. 2, 32). (HaA1-2). , .
.
. , -

302
(. 13, 32). 10,1, . 3,3, . 4,4,
8,6 . . (. 83,
, -
). 1978. . 31, 6, .
33. Cerven breg/ , .
. Blg. (. 2, 33).
,
.
. , , .
(. 13, 33). 6,8, .
3,5, . 4,1, 4,0 .
155 . . . (. 718).
1978. . 31, 4.
34. erna/, jud. Tulcea, Rom.
(. 2, 34). . , .
. , . 8,5
, . 3,8, . 4,3 .
(. 13, 34). Simion 2003. 68. Pl. 7, 9.
35-36. Straica/, . . Blg. (. 2, 35-36).
(HaA1). , , .
.
. (. 82-84,
, -
). 1978. . 30, 21.
35. ,
.

. , .
11,4, . 4,0, . 5,3,
8,0 . (. 13, 35). .
(. 82,
.. . ?

36. ,
. , ,
. , . 10,6,
. 3,8, . 4,8, 8,7 . (. 13, 36). .
(. 84?).
1978. . 30, 21.
37. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2, 37).
(HaA1).
, , , .
.
. , , . 9,4, . 3,6, . 3,9,
6,2 . (. 13, 37). 200 . . .
(. 94). 1978. . 37,
16, .
38-39. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 2, 38-39). ,
(HaA-HaB). , ,
.
.
. . ( 2886, 2808).
1978.
38. . . ,
,
. , ,
. 9,8, . 3,5,
. 4,5 . 6,3 .
(. 13, 38). 254 . . .
(. 2886). 1978. . 32, 1.

303
39. , ,
.
. , .
8,7, . 3,1, . 4,1
. (. 13, 39). 6,4 .
160 . . . (. 2808).
1978. . 31, 1.
40-41. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 2, 40-41).
1965 . (HaA-HaB).
,


.
. , , . . ( 957-958). 1967; 1978.
40.
, . , ,
. , ,
. 10,3, . 3,4,
. 4,3 . 7,4 .
(. 13, 40). 278 . . (.
958). 1978. . 31, 7.
41. ,
.
. , ,
. 10,6, .
4,0, . 4,6 . 7,0
. (. 13, 41). 273 . .
(. 957). 1978. . 30, 20,
.
42. Pelovo/, . . Blg.
(. 2, 42). (HaAHaB).
. -

.
.
. , . 7,1 , . 3,2
, . 3,6 . 5,5
. (. 14, 42). 93 . .
(. 3755). .
43. Karlukovo/, . . Blg. (. 2, 43).
(10,25,83,1 )
.
.
. : 8,5,
. 3,8, . 4,5 .
(. 14, 43). . . (.
419). 1978. . 30, 22.
44. Cireoaia/, jud. Bistria-Nsud. Rom. (. 2, 44).
(?). , . . (. 14, 44).
11,0 , . 3,7, .
5,0 . . . . (1907/ 61.
.. ). PetrescuDmbovia 1977. 141.
45.
Nicolae
Blcescu/
, jud. Constana, Rom. (.
2, 45). (BrD/HaA1).

.

-
. . 8,8 , . 3,1,
. 3,9 . (. 14, 45). 176
. Aricescu 1970. 26, 55. Fig. 1, 3.

304
46. Asenevgrad/, .
. Blg. (. 2, 47).
. ,
, .
,
.
,
, - .
.
. 5,5 , .
2,8, . 3,4 . 4,2
(. 14, 46). 58 . . . . (. 717). 1978. . 39,
8, .
47. Enichioi/, r-n Cahul, Mld.
(. 2, 47)1. (BrD),
2010 . , (. 14, 47).
, . ,
.
, .
, ,
. , ,
. 7,6, . 3,5, .
3,1 . 4,9 .
176 . ..
(. ). 2010a.
48-49. Pelovo/, . .
Blg. (. 2, 48-49).
(HaB). ,
,
.
1

. .

. .
(. 3754, 3756). .
48. ,
, ,

, . , , .
6,8 , . 3,1 , .
3,8 . 4,7 . (. 14, 48).
101 . . (. 3754).
49. . .
9,3 , . 3,4 , .
3,8 . 6,5 .
(. 14, 49). 141,
180 . . (. 3756).
50. Leskovec/, . .
Blg. (. 2, 50).
.
, . . , ,
. 9,0, . 3,3 ,
. 4,1 . 5,5 .
(. 14, 50). 207 . . (.
639). 1964. 70. . 2.
51-52. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 2, 51-52). 1965 . (HaA-HaB). , .
.
. . 1967; 1978.
51. .
, . 9,5, .
3,6, . 4,5 .
6,3 . (. 14, 51). 191, 200-205 . . .
(. 950). 1978. . 31, 18.
52. , . 9,1, .
3,4, . 4,1 .

305
6,0 . (. 14, 52). 211 .
. . (. 951). 1978.
. 31, 20.
53. Pelovo/, . . Blg.
(. 2, 53). (HaA-HaB).
, .
,
.
.
. , , . 8,4 , . 3,4 ,
. 4,1 . 6,4
. (. 14, 53). 131 . .
(. 3753). .
54. Gradenica/, .
. Blg. (. 2, 54). (HaA-HaB). .

, .
-

.
. 7,0 (
8,6) , .
3,3 , . 3,6 .
6,5 . (. 14, 54). 138 (
155) . . (. 1060).
1974. 45. . 6; 1978.
. 39, 10.
55-56. Ova Mogila/ ,
. . Blg. (. 2,
55-56).
(HaA-HaB).
, .
. . .
2000; Krau 2005. 202. Abb. 3, 6-7.
55. 7,5 , . 3,5
, . 4,2 . 5,8
(. 14, 55). 168 . .
(. 2302).
56. 7,0 , . 3,3
, . 4,1 . 5,5
(. 14, 56). 146 . .
(. 2280).

306

3 ( 1-45).
3.
(. 3. . 15-17, 1-45)
1-2. Dancu/, r-n Hnceti. Mld.
(. 3, 1-2).
(BrD). , .
. Muz. Na.
Arh. i Istorie. Chiinu. Dergaev 1991. 3941. Fig. 1, 3-4; 2002. 34, N 110. Taf. 22B 3;
Taf. 23, 4.
1. . ,
(. 15, 1). 13,5, .
3,5, . 6,8 . 7,5
. 457 .
2. ,
. , ,
(. 15, 2). 10,3, .
2,5, . 4,4 . 5,8
. 185 .
3. Vutcani/, jud. Vaslui. Rom.
(. 3, 3). ,
.
(. 15, 3). 7,5,
. 2,4, . 3,7 . 5,8 . 85 . (
) 1997. Fig. 2, 2.
4. Mgura/, jud. Bacu. Rom.
(. 3, 4). ,
c (. 15, 4). 7,7, .
2,8, . 3,5 . 139
. Cuco 1985. 492. Fig 1, 1.
5. Ocnia/, jud. Dmbovia.
Rom. (. 3, 5).
(HaA1). , , , .

. ,
(. 15, 5). 8,1, .
3,4, . 4,8 .
6,7 . 176 . Muz. Trgovite (.
3289). Chicideanu 1979. 608. Fig. 1a.
187 , ,
, ,
.
6-7. Bucureti/ muz.
Rom. (. 3, 6-7). ,
. ,
. . , , .
6. 10,1, . 3,3,
. 4,6 . 6,0 .
207 . (. 15, 6). Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 131895).
7. 8,0, . 3,2, .
3,9 . 5,1 .
160 . (. 15, 7). Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti
(. 131897).
8. Braov/ muz., jud. Braov. Rom. (. 3, 8). ,
. , . ,
(. 15, 8). 11,1, .
3,2, . 3,0 .
6,1 . 202 . (
) Muz. Braov (.
530).
9. Oinacu/, jud. Giurgiu, Rom.
(. 3, 9). (BrD/
HaA1)1. 1

, ,
,
.

307

. 3. c :
1-2 Dancu; 3 Vutcani; 4 Mgura; 5 Ocnia; 6-7 Bucureti muz.; 8 Braov muz; 9 Oinacu; 10-12 Craiova muz.; 13 Suharu; 14 Corlate; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ;
18-19 .?; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23-25 1; 26-27
2; 28-29 .; 30-31 ; 32 ; 33 Gornja Bela Recka; 34
Dubravica; 35 Dobrinci; 36 Privina Glava; 37 Crkvina; 38 Futog; 39 Palotabozsok; 40 Keszthely; 41 ; 42 Hannover; 43 Urluieni; 44 Cernica; 45 Capaclia.

308

(. 15, 9). 6,2, .
3,0, . 2,9 . -
1963. 525. . 7, 2.
10-11. raiova/ muz., jud.
Dolj. Rom. (. 3, 10-11). , , ,
. , .
. , .
10. .
(. 15,
10). 7,3, . 2,6, .
3,1 . 4,6 .
78 . Muz. Craiova (. 25008).
11. (. 15, 11). 5,9, .
2,1, . 2,3 .
4,1 . 37 . Muz. Craiova (.
25007).
12. raiova/ muz, jud. Dolj.
Rom. (. 3, 12). .
, . .
(. 15,
12). , , .
10,2, . 3,4, . 5,0
. 6,3 . Muz. Craiova
(. 25131).
13. Suharu/, jud. Dolj. Rom.
(. 3, 13). . .
. ,
(. 15, 13). 5,7, .
2,3, . 2,4 . 2,8 . 38 . Muz. Craiova
(. 25009).

14. Corlate/, jud. Dolj. Rom.

(. 3, 14).
. .
, , (. 15,
14). 6,8, . 3,9, .
3,9 . 5,3 .
104 . Muz. Craiova (. 25126).
15. Judelnik/, . .
Blg. (. 3, 15). .
. , ,
(. 15, 15). 8,1, .
2,5, . 3,9 .
6,1 . 108 . . (.
3509). 1978. . 30, 14.
16. Tyka/, . , Blg.
(. 3, 16). (BrD).
. .
. , . 12,6 , . 3,1
, . 5,2 . 7,0
(. 15, 16). 297 (
300) . . (. 443).
1978. . 30, 1; 1995.
48. . 39, 38).
17. Studenica/, . , Blg. (. 3, 17).
. . , (. 15, 17).
10,2 , . 2,7 ,
. 4,6 . 7,0 .
180 . . (. 105).
.
18-19. umen/ .?, .
. Blg. (. 3, 18-19).
.
. 1978. . 30, 7; . 32, 20.
18. 7,7 , . 3,0
, . 4,1 . (. 15, 18).

309
19. 8,6 , . 3,1
, . 3,6 . (. 15, 19).
20. Esenica/, . ,
Blg. (. 3, 20). (HaA-?).


(. 16, 20). :
10,75,53,0 . :
8,8 , . 2,3 , .
4,0 . 1973. 41. . 2
,.; 1978. . 30, 15. .
21. Ljulin/, . , Blg.
(. 3, 21). ,

(. 16, 21). 8,8 ,
. 2,4 , . 3,5 .
1978. . 30, 6.
22. Karabeir/, .
, Blg. (. 3, 22).
. . , (. 16, 22). 8,3
, . 3,1 , . 4,5
. 4,2 . 191 . .
. (. 651). 1978.
. 30, 5.
23-25. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 3, 23-25). , (HaA-HaB).

. . , , .
. . (. 2805, 2892). 1967. 52. 1978. . 30, 2-3, 19.
23. (. 16, 23). 9,8, . 3,4, . 4,5 .
5,3 . 269 . . .
(. 2896). 1978. . 30, 2.
24. ,
, -

(. 16, 24). 8,6, .

3,3, . 4,8 .
4,7 . 209 . . .
(. 2894). 1978. . 30, 3, .
25. ,
,
(. 16, 25). 9,2,
. 3,4, . 3,7 .
( ). 1978.
. 30, 19.
26-27. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 3, 26-27). (HaA-HaB), 1965 .
,
, . , ,
. . (. 947,
956). 1967. 52. 1978. .
30, 10, 18.
26. 6,7, . 3,0,
. 3,8 . 5,2 .
(. 16, 26). 103 . . (.
947). 1978. . 30, 10.
27. -

(. 16, 27). 8,5, .
3,2, . 3,9 . 6,7
. 140 . . (. 956).
1978. 30, 18.
28-29. Vidin/ ., . . Blg. (. 3, 28-29).
. . . . (.
132, 156). 1978. . 30, 11-12.
28. ,
, .
.
. , -

310
, (. 16, 28).
7,2 , . 2,2 , .
3,6 . 5,3 . 121 .
. . (. 132). 1978.
. 30,11, .
29. , ,
. . , , (. 16, 29).
8,1 , . 2,3 , .
2,9 . 5,8 .
102 . . . (. 159). 1978. . 30, 12.
30-31. Florentin/, .
. Blg. (. 3, 30-31).
(HaA1). , , . . , ,
. . . (. 608,
608). 1978. . 30, 4, 13.
30. 10,3 , . 2,3
, . 3,8 . 6,8
. (. 16, 30). 146 . . .
(. 608 ). 1978. . 30, 4.
31. 8,7 , . 1,9 ,
. 3,3 . 5,4 .
(. 16, 31). 127 . . .
(. 608 ). 1978. . 30, 13.
32-b. Sokol/, . .
Blg. (. 3, 32a-b).
, (HaA).
, (. 16, 32 -).
: 11,3, . 3,0, . 4,4 . 1950.
219. . 143; 1978. . 30, 17;
Wanzek 1989. Tafel 46, 5.
32c. , , (. . 25, 56)

.
-
(.
16, 32). : 9,15,5-4,42,7 .
: 8,2, .
1,9, . 1,8 . .
( ??), 1950. 219. .
142; 1978. . 34, 2, .
33. Gornja Bela Reka/
, . Srb. (. 3, 33).
(HaA1-HaB1, Stufe
III). , , , . (.
16, 33). :
9,0 , . 3,4 , .
5,0 . Vasi 1982. 279. Abb. 3, 2.
34. Dubravica/, . Srb. (. 3, 34). .
(. 16,
34). 7,0 , . 3,0 ,
. 3,8 . Praistorijski metal...
1992. 41. 38.
35. /Dobrinci, . Srb. (. 3, 35).
(HaA1, Stufe II). , , (. 17, 35).
7,3 , . 3,1 , .
4,2 . 146 . j
II. 1994. 11. .VIII, 3.
36. Privina Glava/ ,
. Srb. (. 3, 36). ).
(HaA1, Stufe II). , , ,
.
(. 17, 36). 10,0 , .
3,2 , . 3,6 . M.
(. 2061). j I.
1975. 68. . LXII, 4.

311
37. Crkvina/, Kr. Doboj.
Bosnien. (. 3, 37). .
, , , . (. 17, 37). 11,7 ,
. 4,0 , . 5,5 .
eravica 1993. 95 N 492. Tafel 37, 492.
38. Futog/, -. Srb.
(. 3, 38). (HaA1,
Stufe II).
-
(. 13, 38). 8,3 , .
3,0 , . 5,0 . . -
(. 3311).
39. Palotabozsok/, Kom.
Baranya. Hng. (. 3, 39). (HaA1, Horizont Kurd). , , ,
(. 17, 39). 7,3 , .
3,3 , . 4,0 . Mozsolics 1985. 166-167. Taf. 70, 12.
40. Keszthely/, Kom. Zala.
Hng. (. 3, 40).
(HaA1, Horizont Kurd). , , ,
(. 17, 40).
. 8,0 , .
3,4 , . 4,3 . Mozsolics 1985.
137-138. Taf. 131, 10.
41. Boravskoje/, -
, . . Ukr.
(. 3, 41). (HaA1,
Horizont Lozy I). , ,
, (.
17, 41). 6,4 , . 2,7
, . 4,0 . Berakovi 1961.
38-39. Tab. III, 7.
42. Hannover/, Germany
(. 3, 42).
. , ,
,

(. 17, 42). 9,6, .

3,2, . 4,9 . Binding 1991. 54, 64. Abb. 17, 10.

43. Urluieni/, jud. Arge.
Rom. (. 3, 43). . , , , .
. , (. 17, 43). 6,0, . 2,9, . 3,4 . Soroceanu,
Lako 1995. 190. Abb. 1, 2.
44. Cernica/, jud Ilfov. Rom.
(. 3, 44).
(8,64,6 ), Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti
Gh. Cantacuzino
Tei IV,
V. Leahu (1988. 240. Fig. 7, 1-3; 2003. 153. Pl.
LXVII).
.
(. 17, 44 ).
: 7,8, . 2,6,
. 3,4 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti. , Cer.(nica) 1962.
45. Capaclia/, r-n Cahul,
Mld. (. 3, 45)2. , 2010 .
. , , . , ,
. -
,
(. 17, 45). : 8,0, .
( ) 2,9, . 3,3 .
113 . .. (. ). 2010.

. .

312

II.
4 ( 1-70)
4.
(. 4. . 17-21, 1-70)
1-2. Vyrbica/ 1, . .
Blg. (. 4, 1-2).
(HaA-HaB). ,
. . . . (.
2801, 2802). 1978. . 35, 11, 6.
1. : ,
, (. 17, 1). 10,1, . 3,1, . 3,8 .
5,6 . 191 . . . (.
2801). 1978. . 35, 11.
2. , , (. 17,
2). 10,0, . 3,1, .
4,1 . 7,4 .
193 . . . (. 2802).
1978. . 35, 6.
3-4. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 4, 3-4). 1965 . (HaA-HaB). ,
.
. . .
1967; 1978.
3. , , (.
17, 3). 10,1, . 3,1,
. 3,8 . 6,4 .
213 . . . (. 959).
1978. . 35, 4.
4. : ,
,
(. 17, 4). 10,3, .
3,0, . 3,9 . 5,4 . 181 . . .

(. 960). 1978. . 35, 10,

.
5-6. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 4, 5-6).
(HaA1).
. . . . (.
87, 99). 1978. . 35, 5, 8.
5. . . , , (.
17, 5. 9,3, . 3,2, .
4,0, 7,7 .). 168
. . . (. 87).
197. . 35, 8.
6. ,
(. 17, 6) ( 1
30). 9,5, . 3,2, .
3,7, 6,3 . 157
. . . (. 99).
1978. . 35, 5, .
7. Izvoarele/, jud. Giurgiu.
Rom. (. 4, 7). , , , Tei IV.
,
.
(. 17, 7). 7,7, . 3,2, . 3,4 . 5,4 . 146 . erbnescu, Trohani
1975. 533. Fig. 3,4; Leahu 1988. 226. Fig. 2, 5.
8. Ulmi-Liteni/-, com.
Belceti, jud. Iai. Rom. (. 4, 8).

313

. 4. :
1-2, 9-10, 17-19 1; 3-4, 20 2; 5-6,16, 21-24 ; 7 Izvoarele;
8 Ulmi-Liteni; 11 Cireoia; 12 Crlogani; 13 Gneasa; 14 Sineti; 15 Ploieti muz.; 2527 , 28 ; 29 ; 30 Radovanu; 31 Izvoru; 32
.; 33 ; 34 ; 35 ; 36 .; 37-38
; 39 ; 40 =; 41 Mihai Bravu; 42-43 Casimcea; 44
Cernica; 45 Terheti; 46 Blbneti; 47 Blneti; 48 ibucani; 49 Oeleni; 50 Hristici; 51
Chiinu; 52 Tighina-; 53 Comrat; 54 i; 55-58 ; 59
; 60 -; 61 ; 62 ; 63 .; 64
; 65-66 ; 67 ; 68 ; 69 Simonfa; 70 Ploieti.

314
(BrD).
.
(.
1 123). ,
(. 17, 8). 9,6, .
2,5, . 4,0 . 6,9
. 155 . Muz. Iai (. 894). Florescu 1961. 116. Fig. 4, 8; Petrescu-Dmbovia
1977. 77. Pl. 88, 4.
9-10. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 4, 9-10).
(HaA-HaB).
,
, .
.
- .
, , . , . . . (. 2821, 2818).
1978. . 35, 16, 12.
9. 6,2, . 3,2, .
3,4 . 5,2 . (.
17, 9). 86 . . . (.
2821). 1978. . 35, 16.
10. 6,4, . 3,2,
. 3,8 . 5,5 .
(. 18, 10). 98 . . .
(. 2818). 1978. . 35, 12.
11. Cireoaia/, jud. Bistria-Nsud. Rom. (. 4, 12).
(?). , , . (. 18, 11).
8,4 , . 4,0, .
4,6 . . . . (
1907/64. .. ).
Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 141.
12. Crlogani/, jud. Olt.
Rom. (. 4, 12). .
, ,

. .
, (. 18, 12). 9,1,
. 3,4, . 3,8 .
5,5 . 161 . Muz.
Slatina (. 269).
13. Gneasa/, jud. Olt. Rom.
(. 4, 13). . , .

-
. . ,
(. 18, 13). 7,3, .
3,7, . 3,6 . 5,7
. 144 . Muz. Slatina (. 268).
14. Sineti/, jud. Olt. Rom.
(. 4, 14). . , .
.
. ,
(. 18, 14). 7,2, .
3,4, . 3,7 . 4,8
. 113, 125 .
Muz. Slatina (. 4825).
15. Ploieti/ muz, jud. Prahova. Rom. (. 4, 15). ,
. , , .

- . ,
. , (.
18, 15). 8,1, . 3,4, .
3,3 . 5,6 . 123
. Muz. Ploieti (. 64-4893).
16. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 4, 16).
(HaA1). ,

315
.
. , ,
(. 18, 16). 7,9, . 3,3, . 3,8,
5,3 . 164 . . . (.
109). 1978. . 35, 18.
17-19. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 4, 17-19).
(HaA-HaB).
, .
. .
. (. 2822, 2891, 2817). 1978. . 35, 15, 19; . 38, 2.
17. .
.
,
(. 18, 17).
10,0, .
3,3, . 4,2 .
7,3 . 174 .
200 . . . (.
2822). 1978. . 35, 15.
18. , . ,
, (. 18, 18). 9,2, . 3,6, . 4,5
. 6,2 . 216 . .
. (. 2891). 1978.
. 38, 2.
19. ,

. , ,
(. 18, 19). 6,6, .
2,8, . 3,5 .
4,8 . 98 . . . (.
2817). 1978. . 35, 19,
.
20. Vyrbica/ 2, . .
Blg. (. 4, 20).
1965 . (HaA-HaB). ,

.
. , , (. 18, 20).
9,5, . 3,4, . 4,0
. 7,2 . 206 . .
(. 985). 1967; 1978. . 36.14.
21-24. Gorsko Kosovo/ , . . Blg. (.
4, 21-24). , (HaA1). ,
.
. . . (. 88, 90, 93, 95), 1978.
. 35, 22, 26, 27; . 37, 1.
21. . , (. 18,
21). 8,8, . 3,2, .
3,7, 5,8 . 157
. . . (. 90).
1978. . 37, 1.

.
22. . , . (. 18, 22). 8,8, . 3,2, . 4,0,
6,7 . 180 . . . (.
88). 1978. . 35, 26.
23. . (. 18, 23). 9,0, . 3,2, . 4,0,
6,6 . 180 . . . (.
93). 1978. . 35, 22.
24. , (. 18,
24). 9,0, . 3,3, .
3,7, 6,6 . 174
. . . (. 95).
1978. . 35, 27.
25-27. Ova Mogila/ , .
. Blg. (. 4, 25-27).
(HaA-HaB).

316
.
, .
, . .
. 2000; Krau 2005.
25 . .
(.
18, 25). 8,2, . 3,1, .
2,9, 5,8 . 136 .
. (. 2277).
26. ,
(. 19, 26). 7,4,
. 3,2, . 3,8, 5,5 . 120 . .
(. 2291).
27. , (.
19, 27). 8,9, . 3,4, .
3,8, 6,1 . 162 .
. (. 2288).
28. Agatovo/, . .
Blg. (. 4, 28).
(HaA-?). ,
(. 19, 28).
7,6, . 3,0, . 3,6 . 1978. . 35, 20.
29. Dolni Lukovit/ ,
. . Blg. (. 4, 29). . ,
, (. 19,
29). 6,5, . 3,1, .
3,5 . 1978. . 37, 22.
30. Radovanu/Radovanu, jud. Ilfov.
Rom. (. 4, 30). ,
. , ,

(. 19, 30).
: 8,8, .
2,9, . 3,2 . 6,4
. Morintz 1978. 146. Fig. 86, 1.
31. Izvoru/, jud. Giurgiu.
Rom. (. 4, 31).
Tei.
, , .
(. 19, 31). 9,2, . 3,3, .
3,9 . 5,4 . Iscescu,
Burlacu 1978. 55. Fig. 11,4; Leahu 1988. 228.
Fig. 2, 6.
32. Stara Zagora/
., . . Blg. (. 4,
32). .
. , .
(. 19, 32). 9,2, . 2,6, .
3,7 . 1978. . 40, 2.
33. Sokol/, . . Blg.
(. 4, 33).
(HaA).
, , .
.
(. 19, 33 -b). 13,66,3-7,33,5
. : 11,3,
. 3,7, . 4,8 .
. (. 1193 , ),
1950. 219. . 144; 1978.
. 36, 2.
34. elju Voivoda/ ,
Blg. (. 4, 34).

317
,
(HaA-?).
,
.
, : 14,27,4-6,03,7 . (.
19, 34 -b ). : 12,3, . 3,5, .
5,6 . . (. 58).
1978. . 36, 5; Wanzek 1989. Tafel 46, 8;
2006. 87, . 1.
35.
. Blg. (. 4, 35).
. ,
, .
(. 19, 35). :
11,6, . 3,1, . 4,0 . 1978. . 36, 4.
36. Jambol/ ., .
. Blg. (. 4, 36). ,
- , (. 19, 36). 8,7, . 2,1, .
2,1 . . ( 2614).
37-38. Esenica/, . ,
Blg. (. 4, 37-38). ,
-
(HaA-?). 1973. 40;
1978. . 30, 15; . 34, 1.
37.
(. . 16, 20), - ,
(. 19, 37).
8,8, . 2,3, . -

2,5 . 1973. 40. . 2, ;

1978. . 30, 15; .
38.

.
(. 20, 38).
9,4, . 1,8, . 1,9 .
1973. 39. . 1, ; 1978.
. 34, 1.
39
40. Dievo/=Sokol/, .
. Blg. (. 4, 40).
(BrD).
. . . , (. 20,
40). 8,0, . 2,9, .
3,9, 6,1 . 121
. . (. 254).
1978. . 35,14.
41. Mihai Bravu/ , com.
Victoria, jud. Brila. Rom. (. 4, 41).
(BrD).
, . . , (. 20, 41).
8,5, . 2,5, . 2,6 .
5,4 . 218 . Muz.
Brila ( ). Haruche, Constantinescu 1983. 42. Fig. 5, 1-2.
42-43. Casimcea/, jud. Tulcea. Rom. (. 4, 42-43).
(BrD). , . Muz. Tulcea. Simion
2003. 67. Pl. 7, 3-4.
42. ,
, (. 20, 42). 9,0, . 2,9, . 4,1
. 5,3 .

318
43. .
(. 20, 43). 9,0, . 2,6, . 4,0 .
5,3 .
44. Cernica/, jud Ilfov. Rom.
(. 4, 44).
(9,54,5 3,2 ),
Tei IV ( Gh.Cantacuzino
1962 .).
(. 20,
44). : 7,9,
. 2,4, . 2,4 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti ( 155 104).
Leahu 1988. 240. 239. Fig. 7, 1; 2003. 153. Pl.
LXVII, 1.
45. Terheti/, jud. Vrancea. Rom. (. 4, 41).
,
.

.
.
. , . (.
20, 45). 9,1, . 2,2,
. 3,9 . 7,2 .
94 . Muz. Focani (. 1776). Bobi
1981. 53 ( ).
46. Blbneti/, jud.
Galai. Rom. (. 4, 46). . ,
. . ,
(. 20, 46). 9,0, .
2,4, . 3,9 .
7,3 . 83 . Muz. Galai (.
13892). Dragomir 1979. 595. Fig. 2, 3.
47.
Blneti/,
jud.
Bacu. Rom. (. 4, 47). . ,
. . ,

(. 20, 47). 8,7, .

2,2, . 3,6 .
4,5 . 76 . Muz. Bacu (.
31504).
48. ibucani/, jud. Neam.
Rom. (. 4, 48). . , . . ,
(. 20, 48). 9,5, .
2,6, . 3,5 .
5,0 . 95 (
105) . Muz. Piatra Neam (. 6804).
Cuco 1985. 493. Fig 1, 4.
49. Oeleni/, jud. Iai. Rom.
(. 4, 49). . , . , (. 20,
49). 8,0, . 2,1, .
3,0 . Chirica, Tanasachi 1985.
298. Fig. 46, 2.
50. Hristici/, r-n Soroca. Mld.
(. 4, 50). (BrD).
.
, (. 20, 50).
8,2, . 3,2, . 4,7
. 4,7 . Muz. Soroca.
Dergaev 2002. 36. Taf. 31 B,4.
51. Chiinu/, Mld. (. 4,
51). (BrD). , , . ,
, (. 20, 51).
9,5, . 2,9, . 5,1 .
6,0 . 194 . Muz.
Na. Arh. Ist., Chiinu. Dergaev 2002. 33.
Taf. 22 A,1.
52. Tighina/ muz. Mld.
(. 4, 52). . ,

(. 20, 52). -

319
, ,
. , .
8,3, . 2,8, .
4,5 . 115 . Muz. . ,
2002. 594. . 1, 3.
53. Comrat/, r-n Comrat. Mld.
(. 4, 53). . , , , . V-
. , ,
(. 20, 53). 9,3, . 2,3, . 4,1 . 102 .
Uurelu, Nicic 2003. 166. Fig. 1, 1
54. Ostriveci/i, - , . -. Ukr. (.
4, 54). ,
.
. .
. (. 20, 54
-b). 9,3 6,0 11,07,4 .
: 7,6 ,
. 2,3 , . 3,6 .
i 1964. 29. . I, 3-4; Bokarev,
Leskov 1980. 18 N57. Taf. 7, 57.
55-58. Antonovka/, -
, . . Ukr. (.
4, 55-58).
(BrD-HaA1). , ,
, . , ,
. . . .
1966. 127 . . 2, 14-16.
55.
(. 20, 55). 8,9, .
2,9, . 4,2 . 5,4
. 114 . . . . (
80168).

56. (.
20, 56). 9,4, . 2,8, .
4,9 . 7,0 .
139 . . . . ( 80168).
57. (.
21, 57). 10,2, . 3,0, .
4,0 . 7,0 . 167
. . . . ( 80168).
58. (. 21,
58). 10,7, . 2,6, .
5,0 . 185 .
. . . ..
.
59. Kurjaci Lozy/ ,
- , . . Ukr.
(. 4, 59). (BrD).
,
(. 21, 59). , ,
. 10,4 , . 2,9 , . 3,6 .
6,2 . 130 . . .
, 1981. 151. . 2, 3.
60. Kiev/ . Ukr. (. 4,
60). .
,
(. 21, 60). 8,0
, . 2,5 , . 3,3
. . . . . (.
1038). 1961. 131. . 87, 16.
61. Srednee Podneprovie/
. Ukr. (. 4, 61).
***. ,

.
(. 21, 61).
7,5 , . 2,3 , .
4,6 . 130 . .
(. 93-12). .. .

320
62. ernjahiv/, - , . . Ukr. (. 4, 62).
. , (. 21, 62).
7,8 , . 2,5 , .
3,6 . . . . .
. 1961. 131. . 87, 15.
63. Kirovograd/ .,
. . Ukr. (. 4, 63).
. ,
.

.
(. 21, 63). 7,2 ,
. 2,8 , . 4,8 .
6,1 . .
(. 14609). .. .
64. Vojskovoe/, - , . . Ukr. (.
4, 64). . , , .
.
, (. 21, 64). 7,4
, . 2,4 , . 3,8
. . . .. .
65-66. Kapulovka/, -
, . .
Ukr. (. 4, 65-66).
. . , .
65. , (. 21, 65).
6,5 , . 2,3 , .
4,1 . 60 . .. .
66. . , (. 21, 66). 8,5 , . -

2,4 , . 4,5 .
1967. 174. . 18, 1. .. .
67. Ljubimovka/, - , . . Ukr. (. 4, 67).
,
.

(. 21, 67).
7,84,0-2,81,7 . : 5,5 , . 2,0 ,
. 3,0 . , ,
1987. 211. . 2, 3,7.
68. Rajgorodka/, -
, . . Ukr. (.
4, 68). (HaA1). , ,
(. 21, 68) .
: 8,3 , . 2,3 , . 3,7 .
1967. 160. . 9, 3.
69. Simonfa/. Kom. Somogy.
Hng. (. 4, 69).
(HaA1, Horizont Kurd). ,
.
(. 21, 69).
:
9,5 , . 2,8
, . 3,5 . Mozosolics 1985.
185. Taf. 123, 6.
70. Ploieti/ muz, jud.
Prahova. Rom. (. 4, 70).
.
, .
.
.
. . , (. 21,
70). 9,5, . 2,6, .
4,3 . 6,4 .
174 . Muz. Ploieti (. 64-19828).

 5 ( 1-85)
5.
(. 5. . 21-27, 1-85)
1. Nicolae Blcescu/ , jud. Constana. Rom. (. 5, 1).
(BrD/HaA1). ,
, . .
. ,
(. 21, 1). 10,0 , . 3,1, . 4,0 . 197 . Aricescu 1970. 26. Fig. 2, 3.
2. Petreti/, jud. Alba. Rom.
(. 5, 2). , .
(. 21, 2). 9,4,
. 3,2, . 4,1 .
220 . Bljan, Stoicovici, Tatai, Man
1983. 103. Fig. 10, 4.
.
3-4. Logreti-Moteni/-, jud. Gorj. Rom. (. 5, 3-4).

(BrD/
HaA1).
.

. .
. Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti
(. 102202). Muz. Turnu Severin (.
2296). Petrescu Dmbovia 1977. 79. Pl. 96,
6, 8.
.
3. : 15,5
7,03,0 . (. 21, 3). : 10,7, . 3,2,

. 4,4 . Muz. Turnu Severin

(. 2296).
4. : 13,0
8,03,8 . (. 21, 4).
: 10,3, . 3,6,
. 4,5 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 102202).
5. Sofia/C . Blg. (.
5, 5).
(11,67,5 3,2 ) .
(. 21, 5). (. 6 5,
. 28, 5). : 10,0, . 3,1, .
3,0 . . . (. 420).
1978. . 36, 9.
6. Cernica/, jud. Ilfov. Rom.
(. 5, 6).
(9,34,8 2,1 ),
Tei IV.
,
(. 22, 6).
: 8,2, .
2,5, . 3,9 . Muz.
Na. Ist. Bucuret. Leahu 1988. 239- 240. Fig.
7, 2; 2003. 153. Pl. LXVII, 2.
7. Brdiceti/, jud. Iai.
Rom. (. 2, 7).
(9,34,8 2,1 )
(HaB),
Cozia-Stoicani.
, -

322

. 5. :
1 Nicolae Blcescu; 2 Petreti; 3-4 Logreti-Moteni; 5 .; 6 Cernica; 7 Brdiceti; 8, 34-40, 68, 77 ; 9-17, 70-71 1; 18-33, 72-76 2; 41
=; 42-49, 78-82 ; 50 ; 51-52 ; 53 ; 54
; 55 ; 56 ; 57, 69 ; 58 ; 59 ;
60 ; 61 ; 62 ; 63 II; 64 .; 65 Cerat; 66
Orodel; 67 ; 83 ; 84 .; 85 .

323
.

(. 22, 7).
:
7,6, . 2,0, . 3,5 .
Iconomu 1984. 90. Fig. 17 ab.
8. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 5,
8). (HaA1).
, .

( 1 29. . 3, 29).
,

. ,
(. 22, 8). 10,3, .
3,2, . 3,8, 7,3 .
190 . . . . (. 108).
1978. . 35, 9.
9-17. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 5, 9-17).
(HaA-HaB). , .
. . . .
1978.
9. , (. 22, 9).
9,5, . 3,4, . 4,3 . 6,7 . 236
. . . . (. 2806). 1978. . 37, 11.
10. . , , (. 22, 10).
9,4, . 3,8, . 4,3
. 6,7 . 213 . .
. . (. 2888). 1978.
. 37, 1 ( ).
11. . , .

, . ,
,
(. 22,
11). 8,5, . 3,0, .
4,1 . 6,0 .
138 . . . . (. 2810).
1978. . 37, 18 ( ).
12. , , .
(.
22, 12). 7,4, . 3,4,
. 3,7 . 5,0 .
156 . . . . (. 2816).
1978. . 37, 23.
13.
. , ,
(. 22, 13). 5,6, .
3,1, . 3,4 .
4,5 . 72 . . . .
(. 2893). 1978. . 38, 11
( ).
14. , ,
(. 22, 14). 7,3, .
3,0, . 3,8 .
5,5 . 128 . . . . (.
2814). 1978. . 37, 25 ( ).
15. , ,
(. 22, 15). 7,1, .
3,0, . 4,0 . 4,8
. 132 . . . . (.
2815). 1978. . 36, 1 ( ).
16.
. , . , , (. 22, 16).
6,3, . 2,8, . 3,7 . 4,5 . 111
. . . . (. 2819).
1978. . 37, 21, .

324
17. . , , (.
22, 17). 8,6, . 3,2,
. 4,1 . 6,9 .
173 . . . . (. 2887).
1978. . 36, 3.
18-33. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 4, 18-33). 16
1965 . (HaA-HaB).
, .
. . . 1967;
1978.
18. , , .
, (. 22, 18).
10,5, . 3,5, . 4,8
. 7,4 . 276 .
. (. 966). 1978.
. 37, 15.
19. . , (. 22, 19).
9,5, . 3,5, . 4,1
. 6,0 . 157 .
. (. 962). 1978.
. 37, 20.
20.
. , , (. 22, 20).
10,4, . 3,7, . 4,5 . 7,0 . 264
. . (. 974).
1978. . 37, 7 ( ).
21. ,
. , , . ,
,
(. 22, 21).
11,1, . 3,4, . 4,7
. 7,2 . 300 . .
(. 981). 1978. .
37, 9.

22-25. ,
. , , , . :
22. 11,1, . 3,4,
. 4,7 . 7,3
. (. 23, 22). 287 . .
(. 977). 1978. . 37, 6.
23. 11,0, . 3,5,
. 4,7 . 7,4 .
(. 23, 23). 291 . . (.
978). 1978. . 37, 13.
24. 11,0, . 3,5,
. 4,7 . 7,3 .
(. 23, 24). 280 . . (.
979). 1978. . 38, 14.
25. 10,8, . 3,4,
. 4,8 . 7,9
. (. 23, 25). 285 . .
(. 980). 1978 - ?
26. , . , ,
(. 23, 26). 9,5, .
3,5, . 4,5 .
6,7 . 249 . . (.
975). 1978. . 36, 11.
27. , , .
, (. 23, 27). 10,3, .
3,5, . 4,4 .
6,6 . 254 . . (.
961). 1978. . 38, 1.
28. , , .
,
(. 23, 28). 8,3, .
3,1, . 3,8 . 5,7
. 151 . . (. 982).
1978. . 38, 6.
29. , , . .
-

325

(. 23, 29). 7,9, .
3,4, . 3,9 . 5,3
. 152 . . (. 976).
1978. . 38,9.
30. , , .
,
.

. ,
,
(. 23, 30). 9,7, .
3,2, . 4,3 . 6,1 . 176 . .
(. 965). 1978. . 36, 18
( ).
31. .
.
(. 23, 31). 10,0, .
3,1, . 4,4 .
7,9 . 188 . . (.
967). 1978. . 37, 19 (
).
32.
, . , , (. 23, 32). 8,7, . 3,3, . 4,1 . 6,8 . 190 . . (.
964). 1978. . 38, 8.
33. , . , ,
(. 23, 33). 8,6, .
3,3, . 3,9 .
6,6 . 195 . . (.
965 ?). 1978. . 38, 3.
34-40. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 5, 3440). (HaA1).
-

,
.
. . . . . 1978.
34. , .
. . 9,5,
. 3,5, . 3,8, 6,5 . (. 24, 34). 209
. . . . (. 97). ,
1978. . 37, 17.
35.
. , ,
(. 24, 35). 9,1, . 3,1, . 4,1,
6,7 . 178 . . . . (.
100). 1978. . 37, 10.
36. , , .

(. 24, 36). 8,6,
. 3,5, . 4,2, 6,5 . 208 . . . . (. 92). 1978. . 37, 3.
37. , , .

(. 24, 37). 9,1, . 3,6, . 4,2,
7,1 . 189 . . . . (.
89). 1978. . 36, 15.
38. , , .

(. 24, 38). 6,7, .
2,7, . 3,3, 5,2 .
77 . . . . (. 113).
1978. . 35, 24.
39. , , .
. (. 24, 39).
8,7, . 2,8, . 3,7,
6,4 . 138 . .
. . (. 98). 1978.
. 35, 25.

326
40. , , .
(. 24, 40). 6,2, . 2,7, . 3,6,
5,0 . 75 . . . . (.
112). 1978. . 35, 23.
41. Dievo/=Sokol/, .
. Blg. (. 5, 41). (BrD). ,
(. 24, 41). 9,6, .
3,0, . 3,7 . , 1977. 131, 141. . XIII, 150.
42-49. Ova Mogila/ ,
. . Blg. (. 5,
42-49).
(HaA-HaB).
. , . . . 2000; Krau 2005.
42. , (. 24, 42).
7,7, . 3,2, . 3,6, 5,8 . 148 .
. (. 2282).
43. , . C
(.
24, 43). 6,6, . 3,1, .
3,7, 4,9 . 110 .
. (. 2286).
44. , (. 24, 44).
7,6, . 3,0, . 3,6, 6,0 . 121 .
. (. 2287).
45. , (. 24, 45).
6,9, . 3,1, . 3,6, 5,5 . 99 .
. (. 2284).
46. , . , (. 24, 46).
7,4, . 3,1, . 3,8,

6,2 . 111 . . (. 2298).

47. , . . ,
(. 24, 47). 6,3, .
2,8, . 3,4,
4,5 . 99 . . (. 2294).
48.
. ,
(. 24, 48). 6,0, .
2,6, . 3,0, 3,7
. 90 . . (.
2289).
49.
. , (.
24, 49). 6,0, . 3,0, .
3,1, 5,1 . 85 .
. (. 2306).
50. Altimir/, . .
Blg. (. 5, 50).
, .
. , , (. 25, 50).
6,6, . 3,0, . 3,5
. 5,0 . 125 .
. (. 655). 1964.
69. . 1.
51-52. Guljancy/, . . Blg. (. 5, 51-52).
(HaA-HaB). , .
. , , . . . (.
612, 612). 1978. . 36, 16;
. 37, 5.

327
51. ,
, (. 25, 51).
8,7, . 3,2, . 4,1
. 6,1 . 165 . .
. (. 612 ). 1978.
. 37, 5 ( ).
52. (.
25, 52). 6,4, . 3,5,
. 3,8 . 5,3 .
106 . . . (. 612
). 1978. . 36, 16.
53. Galatin/, . .
Blg. (. 5, 53).
, ,
.
. , (. 25, 53).
8,2, . 3,7, .
4,0 . 5,8 . 169 .
. (. 958). 1974. 43.
. 3.; 1978. . 37, 2.
54. Goljamo Peene/ , . . Blg. (. 5, 54). , ,
.
. ,
, (. 25, 54).
8,8, . 3,1, . 4,0
. 7,0 . 120 . .
(. 1062). 1974. 45.
. 5; 1978. . 37, 14 (
).
55. Leskovec/, . .
Blg. (. 5, 55). , , , .
, . . , (. 25, 55).
9,9, . 3,5, . 4,2
. 6,3 . 264 . .

( 638). 1964. 70. . 2;

1978. . 37, 8.
56. Sokol/, . . Blg.
(. 5, 56).
(HaA-HaB).
,
.
.
.
(. 25, 56).
: 9,1 5,5-4,4 2,7 . : 8,5, .
3,2, . 3,8 . .
(. ??), 1950. 219.
. 142; 1978. . 34, 2 (
).
57. Prodimec/, . . Blg. (. 5, 57).
(HaA-HaB). , ,
, (. 25,
57). .
8,2, . 3,3, .
4,0 . 1978. . 38, 7.
58. Maniea/, . .
Blg. (. 5, 58). , ,

. . , (. 25, 58).
5,9, . 3,3, . 3,3
. 4,8 . 72 . .
(. 1068).
59. Mitrovci/, . . Blg. (. 5, 59). , ,
, . . , ,

328
. (. 25, 59). 7,9, . 3,2, . 4,0,
5,1 . 186 . . (.
3502). 1978. . 38,4.
60. Pelovo/, . . Blg.
(. 5, 60). (HaAHaB).
, . . .

. , ,
(. 25, 60). 6,9 , .
3,4, . 3,6 .
5,4 . 94 . . (.
3752-?). .
61. Straica/, . . Blg. (. 5, 61).
(HaA1-?). ,
,
.
. , (. 25, 61).
8,3, . 2,7, . 4,1, 6,7 . . (. 84, , - ).
1978. . 37, 4.
62. Cknica/, . .
Blg. (. 5, 62). , ,
. , (. 25,
62). 5,7, . 3,2, .
3,2 . 1974. 45. . 5.
63. hotnica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 5, 63).
, , ,

.

. (. 26, 63).
: 9,7, .
3,4, . 4,0 . . (, , 7).
64. Lova/ ., . .
Blg. (. 5, 64).
. , ,
. . , , . (. 26, 64).
7,1, . 3,2, .
3,4, 5,4 . 123 . .
. (. 493). 1978.
. 38, 10. ,
. .
65. Cerat/, jud. Dolj. Rom.
(. 5, 65). ,
.
. , ,
(. 26, 65). 9,5, .
3,2, . 4,1 .
6,7 . 212 . Muz. Craiova (.
25129).
66. Orodel/, jud. Gorj. Rom.
(. 5, 66). . , ,
, .
. , ,
(. 26, 66). 9,2, .
3,4, . 4,1 . Berciu
1939. 138. Fig. 174.
67. Vryv/, . . Blg.
(. 5, 67). . . ,
,
.

329
. , , (. 26, 67). 8,5,
. 2,9, . 4,3 .
. (. 10717). 1978.
. 39,16, .
68. Gorsco Slivovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 5, 68). (HaA-?).
.
, . . , ,
(. 26, 68). 8,2, . 3,1, . 3,8,
5,8 . 168 . . . (.
445). 1978. . 39, 15.
69. Prodimec/, . . Blg. (. 5, 69). (HaA-HaB). C , , , .
(. 26, 69). 9,3, .
3,1, . 4,2 . 1978.
. 39, 14.
70-71. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 5, 70-71).
(HaA-HaB). , , .
,
. . . . . 1978.
70. . , .
:

(. 26, 70).
9,6, . 3,6, . 4,5 . 7,4 . 245

. . . . (. 3800). 1978. . 38, 16.

71. . -
. ,
, (. 26, 71). 8,6, . 3,0, . 4,0
. 6,3 . 213 . .
. . (. 2809). 1978.
. 38, 17.
72-76. Vyrbica/ 2, . . Blg. (. 5, 72-76).
1965 . (HaA-HaB).
, ,

.
. . . 1967; 1978. . 36. 14.
72. . -
. ,
. , ,
(. 26, 72). 10,7, .
3,6, . 4,8 . 7,2 . 301 . . .
(. 972). 1978. . 38, 14,
.
73. , -
. , ,
(. 26, 73). 9,2, .
3,6, . 4,2 .
7,0 . 218 . . . (.
984). 1978. . 36, 6.
74. . , . -

330
:
.
.

(. 26, 74).
9,7, . 3,6, . 4,7 . 8,1 . 223
. . . (. 971).
1978. . 38, 15.
75.
:
. . , ,
(. 26, 75). 9,9, .
3,4, . 4,3 .
6,1 . 234 . . . (.
970). 1978. . 36, 7.
76. . - . , . ,
(. 26, 76). 9,5, .
3,3, . 4,3 . 5,5 . 193 . . .
(. 973). 1978. . 38, 12
( ).
77. Gorsko Kosovo/ ,
. . Blg. (. 5,
77). (HaA1).
, .


.
. , ,
(. 27, 77). 7,4, .
3,4, . 4,1, 5,5 .
134 . . . (. 110).
1978. . 36, 12.

78-82. Ova Mogila/ , . . Blg. (.

5, 78-82).
(HaA-HaB).
. , .

. , , . . . 2000; Krau 2005.
78. . -
. . , ,
(. 27, 78). 9,1,
. 3,4, . 4,2, 5,8 . 155 . . (. 2293).
79. .

. ,
. , ,
(. 27, 79). 8,7, . 3,3, . 3,9,
5,8 . 205 . .
(. 2299).
80. .
.
. , ,
(. 27, 80). 7,7, . 3,4, . 3,9,
5,6 . 167 . .
(. 2285).
81. . -

331
. . ,
, (. 27, 81). 6,8, . 3,5, .
4,0, 5,7 . 108 . .
(. 2296).
82. .
.
,
. , ,
(. 27, 82). 7,0, .
3,1, . 4,0, 5,6
. 120 . . (.
2290).
83. Kamenica/ (?), . . Blg. (. 5, 83).
, , .
.
. .
, , . (. 27,
83). 8,4, . 3,3, .

4,1, 5,3 . 183

. . . (. 3831).
1978. . 36, 8.
84. Pazardik/ .,
. . Blg. (. 5, 84).
. , ,
.

.
, -, . , . (. 27,
84). 7,7, . 3,1, .
4,3 . 1978. . 36, 10.
85. Pjatigorsk/ .,
. Rus. (. 5,
85). . , ,
.

.
(. 27, 85). 8,8, .
3,2, . 3,9 .
1951. 87. . 11, 3.

 6 ( 1-12)
6. c
(. 6. . 27-28, 1 12)
1. Ova Mogila/ . .
. Blg. (. 6, 1).
(HaA-HaB).
.
.
(. 28, 1). 7,0,
9,5, . 3,5, .
4,0, 7,2 .
150 ( 200) . .
(. 2308).
2000; Krau 2005. 202. Abb. 4, 1.
2. Vdeni/, jud. Brlad. Rom.
(. 6, 2).


. , ,
. :
8,8, . 3,0,
. 3,4 . (. 28, 2).
Muz. Brlad (. 7067). Rotaru 1983. 76,
84. Fig. 2, 12a.
3. Botoani/ muz., jud.
Botoani. Rom. (. 6, 3).
.
, , (. 28, 3).
8,2, . 2,5, . 3,8 .
Muz. Botoani (. 24423). adurschi
1989. 173. Fig. 7, 8.
4. Pobit Kamyk/ , .
. Blg. (. 6, 4).
(BrD).

,
, -

. , ,
.
: 16,010,53,5
. : 13,0,
. 4,5, . 4,5 .
(. 28, 4)
. . (. 1193),
(. 28, 4b) . . ( 1193).
1978. . 36, 1 . 67, 4 ( ).
5. Sofia/ . Blg. (.
5, 5).
(11,6 7,53,2 )
(. 28, 5) (. 5
5, . 21, 5b).
, . .

.
. : 10,8, .
3,6, . 3,2 . .
. (. 420). 1978.
. 36, 9.
6. Dancu/, r-n. Hnceti. Mld.
(. 6, 6). (BrD).
, .
,
.
(.
28, 6).
.
-

333

. 6. c :
1 ; 2 Vdeni; 3 Botoani muz; 4 ; 5 .; 6 Dancu;
7 Lozova; 8 ; 9 Techirghiol; 10 Casimcea; 11 Cernica. 12 .

334
.
12,5, . 3,0, . 3,4,
8,2 . 329 . Muz.
Na. Arh. i Istorie. Chiinu. Dergaev 2002
34. Taf. 23, 5.
7. Lozova/, r-n. Streni. Mld.
(. 6, 7).
(BrD). ,
,
(. 28, 7). .
. 9,1, . 2,5, .
2,0, 5,5 . 207
. Muz. Na. Arh. i Istorie. Chiinu. Dergaev 2002. 37. Taf. 32, 2.
8. Dolgopol/, . ,
Blg. (. 6, 8). -
(BrD-HaA1). , .
. (. 28, 8). . 11,0, . 3,3, .
2,5 . . . .
9. Techirghiol/, jud. Constana. Rom. (. 6, 9). -
(HaA1). , ,

(. 28, 9). . 9,4, .
3,1, . 2,5,

6,7 . 150 . Aricescu 1970. 32.

Fig. 9, 2.
10. Casimcea/, jud. Tulcea.
Rom. (. 6, 10). (BrD).
, . ,
(. 28, 10).
. 6,6, .
2,5 . Muz. Tulcea. Simion
2003. 68. Pl. 7, 6.
11. Cernica/, jud Ilfov. Rom.
(. 6, 11).
(5,93,2 ),
Tei IV ( Gh. Cantacuzino).
. : 5,4, .
2,0 . (. 28, 11 ). Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti. Leahu 1988. 239-240. Fig. 7, 3;
2003. 153. Pl. LXVII, 3.
12. umen/ ., .
, Blg. (. 6, 12). ,
. -
,
(. 28,
12). . , . 15,2, .
4,0, . 8,0 .
8,6 . 311 . . (
4572). 1995. 49. . 41.

1 ( 1-444).
1. /Dievo
(. 7. . 29-51. 1-444)

1-4. Batovo/, . .
Blg. (.7, Ba = 1-4). (BrD). . .
(. 3636-3640).
1. , , ,
(. 29, 1).
. 18,0 (
20,6), 18,8, 9,8, 13,0
. 7,6, . 3,1 .
97 ( 115) . . (. 3638).
2. , , ,
,
(. 29,
2). . 19,0 ( 20,9), 19,0,
10,6,
14,0 . 8,4, . 3,2
. 119 ( 130) .
. (. 3639).
3. , , ,
,
(. 29,
3). . 14,4 ( 20,5), 19,0,
10,3,
12,5 . 6,9, . 3,3
. 81 ( 115) .
. (. 3640).
4. , ,
.
(. 29, 4). .

23,0, 21,4,
12,6, 12,8
. 7,9, . 2,6 .
140 . . (. 3636).
5-9. Branica/, . .
Blg. (. 7, 5-9).
.
.
1969. 63. . 1.
:
5. . 20,7,
19,1, 12,4, 12,0 . 8,5,
2,6 (. 29, 5).
6. . 18,3,
17,0, 12,0, 10,0 . 8,0, . 2,8 (. 29, 6).
7. . 17,7,
15,8, 11,0, 8,0 . 6,8, . 2,3 (. 29, 7).
8. . 16,8,
15,7, 11,2, 8,0 . 6,9, . 2,4 (. 29, 8).
9. . 14,4,
13,0, 8,5, 7,8 . 5,7, .
2,2 (. 29, 9).
10-17. erena/, . . Blg. (. 7, Ce = 10-17).

336

. 7. /Dievo
1-4 (Ba) ; 5-9 ; 10-17 (Ce) ; 18-21 (Di) ; 22-143 (DS)
(=); 144-146 (Do) ; 147-152 (Du) ; 153 ; 154-163 (Is)
; 164 .; 165-177 (Ku) ; 178 ; 179-214 (Lz) ; 215
; 216-217 (Rz) ; 218 ; 219-222 (Ru) .; 223-227 (Su) Suvorovo I; 228-231 (S1) . I; 232-240 (S2) . II; 241-244 (S3)
. III; 245-247 (Tk) ; 248-250 ; 251 Afumai; 252 Brila; 253 Breaza; 254 Bucureti Tei; 255-275 (CP) Constana-Palas; 276-277 (Co) Coroteni; 278 Coslogeni;
279 Deni; 280 Dobrogea; 281 Frteti; 282-298 (GD) Gura Dobrogei; 299-300 (MB) Mihai
Bravu; 301 Nazarcea; 302 Oltenia-Gumelnia; 303 Pietroiu; 304-347 (St) Stroti; 348-350 (Ch)
Chiinu; 351-405 (Dn) Dancu; 406-418 (En) Enichioi; 419- ; 420-422 (Bg)
IV; 423 .; 424-425 (Kz) ; 426 ;
427 (NT) -; 428-443 (Or) ; 444 .

337
(BrD). . (. 7960-7967). . ,
. .
10. , , (. 29, 10). .
21,5, 20,5, 12,7, 13,3 .
9,0, . 3,3 .
128 . . (. 7966).
11. , , ,
(. 29, 11). . 23,4,
21,7,
13,8, 13,0 .
9,1, . 2,8 . 154 . .
(. 7963).
12. , , ,
(. 29, 12). . 20,0,
18,5,
10,8, 12,7 .
7,7, . 2,4 . 73 . . (. 7967).
13. ,
. . (. 29, 13).
. 20,2, 19,0,
11,8,
12,4 . 8,1, . 2,2
. 99 . . (. 7964).
14. , . , -, . (. 29, 14). . 20,3,
20,0,
12,8, 12,8 .
8,8, . 3,2 . 118 .
. (. 7960).
15. , ,
. (. 29, 15). .
18,6, 17,5,

12,2, 12,5
. 8,8, . 3,0 .
138 . . (. 7961).
16. , . , , .
(. 29, 16). . 20,9,
19,5,
13,1, 13,5 .
10,3, . 3,2 . 153 . .
(. 7962).
17. , , .
(. 29, 17). . 23,4,
23,4,
11,8, 15,5 .
8,4, . 3,0 . 125 .
. (. 7965).
18-21. Dibi/, . .
Blg. (. 7, Di = 18-21). ,
(BrD). 1978.
. 49, 2-3,5; . 53, 2.
18. , , ,
(. 29, 18). . 23,4,
22,0,
13,3, 14,0 .
8,5, . 2,4 . 1978.
. 53 ,2.
19. , ,
(. 29, 19). . 24,0,
22,5,
14,0, 15,5 .
10,0, . 2,5 . 1978.
. 49, 2.
20. , , (. 30, 20). . 26,3, 25,0,
13,5, 14,0 . 6,6, . 2,5 .
1978. . 49, 3.
21. , ,
(. 30, 21). . 28,3,

338
26,3,
14,3, 13,5 .
4,7, . 2,1 . 1978.
. 49, 5.
22-143. Dievo/ (=Sokol), .
. Blg. (. 7, DS = 22-143).
122
(BrD).
. . ,
1977; 1978. . 43; 5,10,12-13,15;
44, 1-14; 45, 1-13; 46, 5, 10, 13-14; 47, 1- 12;
48, 1-12; 49, 4, 7-12; 50, 1-12; 51, 1-11; 52,
1-4, 6-12; 53, 1, 3-11.
22-26. ,
.
22. , ,
.
(. 30, 22). . 19,8,
16,5,
11,2, 11,7 .
9,4, . 2,8 . 199 .
. (. 117).
23. , ,
.
(. 30, 23). . 19,9,
16,5, 11,2,
11,8 . 9,5,
. 2,9 . 214 . . (. 118).
24. , ,
.
(. 30, 24). . 19,1,
16,5, 11,2,
11,8 . 9,4,
. 2,9 . 179 . . (. 119).
25. , ,
.

(. 30, 25). . 19,3,

16,0, 11,1,
11,7 . 9,3,
. 2,9 . 183 . . (. 120).
26. , ,
.
(. 30, 26). . 19,0,
16,3, 11,3,
11,5 . 9,5,
. 2,9 . 180 . . (. 121).
27-28. ,
.
27. , ,
.
(. 30, 27). . 19,3,
16,5, 11,5,
11,7 . 9,4,
. 3,0 . 179 . . (. 122).
28. , ,
.
(. 30, 28). . 18,1,
16,4, 11,6,
11,8 . 9,4,
. 2,9 . 152 . . (. 125).
29. , .
(. 30, 29). .
17,0, . 2,7 . 128 .
. (. 123).
30. , ,
.
(. 30, 30). . 18,4,
16,0, 11,2,
11,7 . 9,3,

339
. 2,9 . 157 . . (. 126).
31. , ,
.
(. 30, 31). . 17,4,
16,0, 11,2,
11,6 . 9,3,
. 2,8 . 138 . . (. 124).
32.
, ,
. (. 30,
32). . 17,7,
16,7, 11,5, 12,2 . 9,4, .
2,9 . 162 . .
(. 127).
33. , ,
, . (. 30, 33). .
18,7, 17,5,
11,5, 13,0
. 9,8, . 2,8 .
169 . . (. 128).
34-37. ,
:
34. , ,
. (. 30, 34).
. 18,7, 17,5,
12,4,
12,7 . 10,0, .
3,3 . 230 . . (.
129).
35. , ,
. (. 30, 35).

. 18,3, 17,0,
12,3,
12,4 . 10,0, .
3,3 . 211 . . (.
130).
36. , ,
. (. 30, 36).
. 18,4, 17,3,
12,5,
12,5 . 10,2, .
3,3 . 201 . . (.
131).
37. , ,
. (. 30, 37).
. 18,0, 17,2,
12,4,
12,6 . 10,2, .
3,3 . 203 . . (.
132).
38. , ,
. (. 31, 38).
. 19,2, 17,5,
12,3,
13,0 . 10,2, .
3,4 . 212 . . (.
134).
39. , , .
(. 31, 39). .
18,3, 16,7,
12,0, 12,5
. 9,8, . 3,2 .
187 . . (. 135).
40. , ,

340
. (. 31, 40).
. 17,8, 17,0,
12,5,
12,5 . 10,1, .
3,2 . 191 . . (.
136).
41. .
(. 31, 41). . 18,8,
17,8, 12,3,
13,2 . 9,6,
. 3,0 . 190 . . (. 133).
42-43. ,
.
42. , ,
.
(. 31, 42). . 17,5,
16,5, 11,9,
12,5 . 9,3,
. 3,4 . 154 . . (. 149).
43. , ,
.
(. 31, 43). . 17,4,
16,5, 11,8,
12,5 . 9,3,
. 3,2 . 157 . . (. 150).
44. , ,
.
(. 31, 44). . 18,2,
17,1,
12,0, 12,0 .
9,2, . 3,7 . 149 .
. (. 151).
45. , .
(. 31, 45). . 20,0,
19,0,

13,5, 13,5 .
10,5, . 2,8 . 157 .
. (. 143).
46-47. , -, , .
46. , , ,
. (.
31, 46). . 20,4, 20,0, 13,1, 12,6 . 9,2, .
3,4 . 149 . .
(. 168).
47. , , ,
. (.
31, 47). . 20,3, 19,5, 12,8, 12,0 . 8,9, .
3,5 . 127 . .
(. 169).
48.
. . (. 31, 48). .
22,5, 21,6,
14,6, 14,8
. 11,1, . 3,3 .
165 . . (. 161).
49. , . (.
31, 49). . 24,0, 22,7, 11,9, 13,7 . 6,6, .
2,2 . 142 . .
(. 194).
50. , , ,
. (.
31, 50). . 24,3, 24,0, 13,0, -

341
14,4 . 7,3, .
2,9 . 141 . .
(. 193).
51-52. ,
.
51. ,
, . (. 31, 51). . 24,5,
23,5,
13,7, 14,0 .
8,3, . 2,3 . 119 . .
(. 188).
52. , , ,
. (.
31, 52). . 24,5, 23,2, 14,4, 13,7 . 8,8, .
2,5 . 140 . .
(. 189).
53. , , . (. 31, 53). .
25,0, 23,0,
13,8, 14,5
. 9,0, . 2,5 .
150 . . (. 190).
54. , , . (. 31, 54). .
24,0, 22,7,
13,6, 14,5
. 9,6, . 3,0 .
147 . . (. 184).
55. , ,
.
(. 32, 55). . 21,0,
19,8, 12,2,
12,8 . 8,7,
. 2,8 . 170 . . (. 140).
56. , ,

.
(. 32, 56). . 19,4,
18,8, 12,8,
13,2 . 9,8,
. 2,9 . 165 . . (. 141).
57. .
(. 32, 57). . 19,9,
18,8, 11,4,
15,5 . 10,5,
. 2,6 . 184 . . (. 137).
58. , . , .
(. 32, 58). . 20,5, 20,0, 13,5, 13,5 .
10,7, . 3,2 .
170 . . (. 150-?).
59. , .
(. 32, 59). . 19,8,
18,8, 12,3,
13,5 . 9,9,
. 2,9 . 162 . . (. 142).
60. , ,
.
(. 32, 60). . 19,4,
18,3, 13,2,
13,2 . 11,0,
. 2,9 . 153 . . (. 155-?).
61. , ,
(. 32, 61). .
19,7, 19,0,
13,0, 14,6
. 10,9, . 3,3 .
155 . . (. 155-?).

342
62. ,
,
.
(. 32, 62). . 20,8,
20,4,
13,5, 14,0 .
10,6, . 3,2 . 189 .
. (. 192-?).
63. , , .
(. 32, 63). . 20,3,
18,8,
12,6, 13,5 .
9,7, . 3,0 . 185 .
. (. 138).
64. , ,

. ,
(. 32, 64). .
19,4, 18,2,
13,0, 14,0 .
10,8, . 3,4 . 169
. . (. 219 210).
65.
. .
. (. 32, 65).
. 20,3, 19,5,
12,9,
14,7 . 10,5, .
3,4 . 124 . . (.
139).
66. , , . (. 32, 66).
. 20,8, 19,8,
13,6,
14,5 . 10,8, .
3,2 . 167 . . (.
154).
67. ,

.
. (. 32, 67).
. 20,0, 18,2,
13,2,
13,7 . 10,1, .
3,2 . 155 . . (.
144).
68. ,
.
. (. 32, 68).
. 22,3, 21,0,
15,0,
15,5 . 11,3, .
3,2 . 172 . . (.
162).
69.
( ),
. .
(. 32, 69). . 21,3,
20,7, 13,5,
14,7 . 10,5,
. 3,1 . 168 . . (. 203).
70. ,
, . (. 32, 70). .
20,7, 19,8,
13,5, 14,2
. 10,6, . 3,1 .
137 . . (. 153).
71. , , .
(. 32, 71). .
21,6, 21,0,
14,0, 15,0
. 10,8, . 3,5 .
206 . . (. 192-?).
72. . , .

343
(. 33, 72). . 22,0,
20,4, 13,2,
14,7 . 10,9,
. 4,2 . 158 . . (. 159).
73. , .
(. 33, 73). . 22,4,
21,0, 13,8,
14,0 . 10,0,
. 3,4 . 168 . . (. 191).
74. , . (. 33, 74). . 20,1,
19,7,
13,8, 13,8 .
10,7, . 3,3 . 150 . .
(. 146).
75. , , ,
. (. 33, 75). .
21,9, 20,5,
12,2, 14,2
. 9,0, . 2,8 .
114 . . (. 178).
76. , ( ). , .
(. 33, 76). . 21,3,
19,4,
11,6, 13,8 .
9,8, . 3,5 . 136 .
. (. 202).
77. ,
, . (. 33,
77). . 22,2,
21,0, 14,0, 13,7 . 10,3, .
3,8 . 152 . .
(. 170).
78. , .
(. 33, 78). . 23,1,
21,5, 12,8,

15,3 . 9,7,
. 3,3 . 165 . . (. 165).
79. ,
,
.
(. 33, 79). . 24,0,
22,0, 14,0,
14,2 . 9,9,
. 3,0 . 150 . . (. 183).
80. , , . . . 21,5, 20,5, 13,5, 13,7 . 10,2, .
3,3 . 151 . (. 33, 80).
. (. 171).
81. ,
. . (. 33,
81). . 21,5,
20,3, 13,3, 14,3 . 10,4, .
3,3 . 163 . .
(. 164).
82. , , ,
(. 33, 82). . 20,2,
19,8,
12,4, 13,7 .
9,2, . 2,7 . 106 . .
(. 173).
83. , , . (. 33, 83). . 20,5,
19,4,
12,3, 13,5 .
9,4, . 2,8 . 136 .
. (. 186).
84. , ,
.
(. 33, 84). . 20,1,
19,0,

344
13,0, 14,3 .
10,6, . 3,5 . 183 .
. (. 157).
85. ,
. (. 33,
85). . 21,8, 21,0, 12,7, 14,0 . 9,2, .
2,9 . 122 . .
(. 181).
86. ,
.
(. 33, 86). . 21,1,
20,4,
13,3, 12,7 .
9,4, . 3,1 . 119 .
. (. 187).
87. ,
. (.
33, 87). . 21,3, 20,5, 12,5, 14,0 . 9,6, .
3,2 . 140 . .
(. 185).
88. , , , (. 34, 88).
. 19,7, 19,7,
13,7,
14,2 . 10,6, .
3,2 . 137 . . (.
145).
89. ,
. C
.
(. 34, 89). . 20,6,
19,5, 11,1,
14,4 . 8,8,
. 3,1 . 145 . . (. 174).
90. , .
(. 34, 90). . 21,4,
20,5,

12,8, 12,8 .
8,8, . 2,4 . 119 .
. (. 147).
91. , , .
(. 34, 91). .
23,0, 21,5,
12,5, 14,8
. 8,7, . 2,3 .
145 . . (. 176).
92. , , .
(. 34, 92). .
22,0, 21,2,
11,6, 14,7
. 8,6, . 2,7 .
117 . . (. 180).
93. , ,
.
(. 34, 93). . 21,6,
21,2,
13,4, 14,9 .
10,0, . 2,9 . 157 .
. (. 166).
94. ,
. (.
34, 94). . 21,8, 20,5, 14,3, 12,7 . 9,2, .
2,7 . 131 . .
(. 148).
95. , . . (. 34, 95). .
21,7, 20,5,
13,0, 15,2
. 10,3, . 2,9 .
131 . . (. 177).
96. ,
,
.
(. 34, 96). . 22,5,
21,7, 13,5,
13,7 . 9,2,
. 3,3 . 161 . . (. 172).

345
97. , , . (. 34, 97). .
22,3, 20,5,
11,7, 13,7
. 8,4, . 2,3 .
102 . . (. 175).
98. , , ,
(. 34, 98). . 23,5,
21,8,
13,2, 13,7 .
8,9, . 2,3 . 154 . .
(. 167).
99. , , .
(. 34, 99). .
21,8, 20,6,
12,5, 14,0
. 9,2, . 3,2 .
160 . . (. 182).
100. , , . (. 34, 100). .
22,1, 21,2,
13,6, 13,6
. 9,7, . 3,2 .
139 . . (. 286).
101. ,
, . (. 34.
101). . 21,9,
21,0, 12,8, 15,3 . 10,3, .
3,0 . 129 . .
(. 163).
102.
. ,
(. 34, 102). .
24,0, . 3,1 . 1978,
. 48, 7.
103. , . (. 34,
103). . 17,9, . 3,4 .
112 . . (. 196).

104. . , .
(. 34, 104). .
19,8, . 3,0 . 125 . .
(. 179).
105. ( ).
.
(. 34, 105). . 19,7 (
21,0),
19,0,
11,6, 14,5 .
9,6, . 3,6 . 194 (
210) . . (.
209).
106. .
, (.
35, 106). . 7,8, .
2,5 . 15 . . (.
240).
107. .
, (. 35,
107). . 7,6, . 3,4 .
28 . . (. 200).
108. ( ) (. 35, 108).
. 12,1, . 2,2 .
41 . . (. 242).
109. ( ) (. 35, 109).
. 12,2, . 2,9 .
49 . . (. 241).
110. , ,
(. 35, 110). . 14,7,
. 2, 7 . 68 . . (. 224).
111.
( ), (. 35,
111). . 13,0, . 2,5 .
48 . . (. 243).
112. ( ) (. 35, 112).

346
. 13,1, . 2,9 .
67 . . (. 195).
113. . , (. 35, 113). . 17,0,
. 2,6 . 85 . . (. 218).
114. , ,
(. 35, 114). . 16,8,
. 3,3 . 137 . . (. 227).
115. . , (. 35, 115). .
18,0, . 3,2 . 115 . .
(. 220).
116. .
, (.
35, 116). . 10,8, .
3,0 . 40 . . (.
198).
117. ( ). (. 35,
117). . 12,6, . 2,8 .
53 . . (. 232).
118. ( ). , , (. 35, 118). .
12,7, . 3,4 . 53 .
. (. 231).
119. ( ). .
12,4, . 2,4 . 43 .
(. 35, 119). . (.
238).
120. ( ). (. 35,
120). . 9,7, . 3,3 .
65 . . (. 236).
121. ( ) (. 35, 121).
. 13,0, . 3,0 .
64 . . (. 196-?).

122. ( ), (.
35, 122). . 12,3, .
2,7 . 57 . . (.
229).
123.
( ).
(. 35, 123). . 8,0, . 3,2 . 57 . . (.
212).
124. . , .
(. 35, 124). . 11,3, . 2,8 . 75 . . (.
213).
125. , .
.
(. 35, 125).
. 16,0, . 2,9 .
96 . . (. 226).
126. . , (. 35, 126). .
12,8, . 3,8 . 55 .
. (. 180).
127.
( ) (. 35, 127). . 12,2, . 3,0 . 52 . .
(. ?)
128.
( ) (. 35, 128). . 13,5, . 2,8 . 50 . .
(. 235).
129. ( ,
) (. 35, 129). . 12,4,
. 2,7 . 55 . . (. 239).
130.
(. 35, 130). . 12,6,
. 3,2 . 73 . . (. 233).

347
131. ( ). (. 35, 131). .
10,1, . 2,9 . 52 .
. (. 237).
132.
( ).
(. 35, 132). . 11,3, . 2,5 . 57 . . (.
214).
133. ( ).
(. 35, 133). . 11,2, . 2,5 . 44 . . (.
215).
134. . ,
. (. 35, 134).
. 11,0, . 2,8 .
56 . . (. 204).
135. .
(. 35, 135). . 8,2,
. 2,5 . 70 . . (. 211).
136.
( ) . (. 36, 136). .
12,8, . 2,8 . 56 .
. (. 205).
137. (
) .
. (. 36, 137).
. 15,3, . 2,7 .
80 . . (. 206).
138. . .
, (. 36, 138). .
17,4, . 3,1 . 96 .
. (. 207).
139. . . ,
. (. 36, 139).

. 17,3, . 3,6 .
100 . . (. 201).
140.
( ) . (. 36, 140). .
13,3, . 2,7 . 64 .
. (. 216).
141. ( ).
(. 36, 141). . 13,2, . 2,8 . 55 . . (.
217).
142. . , (. 36, 142). . 16,1, .
3,4 . 90 . .
(. 160).
143. ,
. . (. 36, 143). .
18,0, . 2,8 . 115 . .
(. 208).
144-146. Dobri/, . . Blg. (. 7, Do = 144-146).
, (BrD). .
. .
144. . , .
(. 36, 144). . 22,6,
21,2,
12,5, 13,7 .
9,1, . 3,0 . 138 .
. . ( . ).
145. , , . (. 36, 145).
. 21,2, 20,3,
11,8,
12,8 . 7,8, . 2,6
. 127 . . . ( . ).
146. , , . (. 36, 146).
. 22,3, 20,8,

348
12,4,
13,3 . 8,4, . 3,2
. 145 . . . ( . ).
147-152. Dulovo/, . . Blg. (. 7, Du = 147-152).
(BrD). . .
. , . .
147. ,
, .
(. 36, 147). . 21,8,
21,0,
12,2, 13,8 .
8,5, . 2,7 . 109 . .
(. 7594).
148. ,
, .
(. 36, 148). . 21,1,
20,0,
12,3, 13,5 .
9,0, . 2,9 . 121 . .
(. 7595).
149. , ,
(. 36, 149). . 17,5,
. 2,8 . 82 . .
(. 7600).
150. . , .
(. 36, 150). .
20,5, 19,3, 11,5, 12,0 .
7,6, . 2,4 . 83
. . (. 7597).
151.
, .
, .
(. 36, 151). . 23,0
( 23,5), 21,7,
11,0, 14,6 .
7,8, . 2,7 . 112-115 .
. (. 7593).
152. ,
. -

, .
(. 36, 152). . 20,8 (
22,0),
20,3, 11,3,
14,4 . 8,4,
. 3,0 . 100 . . (. 7599).
153. Ireekovo/, . . Blg. (. 7, 153). , , (. 36, 153). .
: 9,2 12,2 , . 2,4
2,5 . 1978. . 49, 1.
154-163. Isperich/, . . Blg. (. 7, Is = 154-163). 10 , (BrD). . .
. 1978. . 43, 1-4; 46,
1-3,12; 52, 5.
154.
, . , .
(. 36, 154). . 23,5,
22,4,
13,8, 14,5 .
9,5, . 3,9 . 1978.
. 46, 2.
155. ,
.
(. 37, 155). . 19,9,
18,5, 11,8,
14,0 . 9,6,
. 2,6 . 128 . . .
(. 3376/406). 1978.
. 52, 5.
156. , , , (. 37, 156). . 23,9,
22,5,
12,5, 13,5 . 7,6, . 2,0 . 91 .
. . (. 3376/412). (
.. ).

349
157. , , (. 37, 157). . 24,8,
22,0,
12,5, 14,3 .
8,3, . 2,9 . 152 .
. . (. 3376/409). 1978. . 46, 3.
158. . (.
37, 158). . 19,1, . 2,4
. 90 . . . (.
3376/413). 1978. . 46, 12.
159. , , (. 37, 159). . 21,6,
20,0,
12,0, 13,2 .
8,7, . 2,7 . 108 . .
. (. 3376/414).
1978. . 43, 1.
160.
(. 37, 160). . 19,3, .
2,7 . 106 . . . (. 3376/410). 1978.
. 43, 4.
161. , , (.
37, 161). . 19,4, . 3,2
. 127 . . . (.
3376/408). 1978. . 43, 2.
162. , , (.
37, 162). . 19,0, .
2,8 . 91 . . . (.
3376/415). 1978. . 43, 3.
163. , ,
(. 37, 163). . 15,5,
. 3,3 . 1978. .
46, 1.
164. Jambol/ ., . . Blg. (. 7, 164).
. .

(. 37, 164). . 20,9,

19,5,
11,0, 12,3 .
7,1, . 2,3 . 109 .
. ( . ).
165-177. Kubrat/, . . Blg. (. 7, u = 165-177). 24
( 13)
(BrD).
. . (. 5690). . .
165. .
(. 37, 165).
. 21,3, 20,3,
12,0,
13,2 . 8,2, . 2,2
. . (. 5690).
166. , ,
(. 37, 166). . 11,0,
. 2,7 . . (.
5690).
167. , ,
(. 37, 167). . 11,6,
. 3,4 . . (.
5690).
168. (. 37, 168). .
12,2, . 2,9 . .
(. 5690).
169. , ,
(. 37, 169). . 10,2,
. 3,4 . . (.
5690).
170.
(. 37, 170). .
10,1, . 2,2 . . (. 5690).
171. , -,
. , (. 37, 171). . 11,4, . 3,3 . .
(. 5690).

350
172. (. 37, 172).
. 8,9, . 1,8 . .
(. 5690).
173.
(. 37, 173). .
10,5, . 2,8 . . (. 5690).
174.
(. 37, 174). .
12,2, . 2,3 . . (. 5690).
175.
(. 37, 175). .
12,7, . 2,2 . . (. 5690).
176.
(. 37, 176). .
13,8, . 2,4 . . (. 5690).
177.
(. 37, 177). .
14,4, . 2,8 . . (. 5690).
178. Kusenovo/. . -? Blg. (. 7, 178).
.
(. 38, 178). . 22,7,
21,5,
11,2, 12,6 .
5,8, . 2,3 . 75 . .
(. 2493).
179-214. Loznica/, . . Blg. (. 7, Lz = 179-214).
115
(BrD).
36 . . . . .
179. , ,
.
(. 38, 179). . 18,9,
17,8,

11,8, 14,7 .
10,3, . 3,5 . 275 . .
(. 7906).
180.
, , .
(. 38, 180). . 20,8,
19,2,
12,2, 13,2 .
9,4, . 3,2 . 160 .
. (. 7907).
181.
, , .
(. 38, 181). . 22,0,
20,7,
13,0, 14,3 .
9,5, . 2,9 . 152 .
. (. 7909).
182.
, , .
(. 38, 182). .
21,9, 20,0,
13,4, 14,3
. 10,4, . 3,3 .
140 . . (. 7902).
183. , . , , , (. 38,
183). . 18,3, . 2,3 .
148 . . (. 7910).
184.
. (. 38,
184). . 17,5,
17,4, 10,2, 12,3 . 8,0, .
2,4 . . (. 7911/11).
185. , ,
(. 38, 185). . 15,5, . 3,0 . 114 . . (.
7911/3).

351
186. , . ,
(. 38, 186). . 14,0,
. 2,5 . . (.
7911/9).
187. , ,
.
(. 38, 187). . 20,1,
18,0,
11,4, 11,6 .
8,1, . 2,5 . 144 . .
(. 7904).
188. , . (.
38, 188). . 19,9, 18,2, 12,4, 12,7 . 9,7, .
3,1 . 143 . .
(. 7905).
189-190. , , .
189. ,
,
,
.
(. 38, 189). . 18,8,
18,5,
12,6, 14,8 .
10,4, . 3,5 . 236 .
. (. 7908).
190. ,
,
. , .
(. 38, 190). . 19,3,
18,6,
13,3, 14,7 .
10,9, . 3,9 . 219 .
. (. 7903).
191. , .
(. 38, 191). . 19,3

( 20,0), 18,7,
12,2, 13,5 .
9,5, . 3,0 . . (.
7911/4).
192. . , .
(. 38, 192). .
19,3 ( 22,0), 21,2, 12,3, 13,0 . 7,6, . 2,3 . 117
( 135) . .
(. 7911/5).
193.
(. 38, 193). . 16,5,
. 4,0 . . (.
7911/18).
194. , , . , . (. 38, 194). .
20,1, 13,0, 11,5 . 8,2, .
3,9 . . (. 7911/22).
195. (. 39, 195). . 11,2,
. 3,1 . . (.
7911/21).
196.
(. 39, 196). .
14,0, . 3,5 . . (. 7911/15).
197.
(. 39, 197). .
15,8, . 2,7 . . (. 7911/10).
198.
,
(. 39, 198). . 16,2, . 2,9 . . (. 7911/2).
199. , (. 39,

352
199). . 15,7, . 3,5 .
. (. 7911/18).
200. (. 39, 200).
. 10,2, . 2,3 .
. (. 7911/12).
201. (. 39, 201). .
9,3, . 3,0 . . (. 7911/6).
202. , ,
(. 39, 202). . 13,5,
. 3,4 . . (.
7911/25).
203. , ,
(. 39, 203). . 14,0,
. 3,5 . . (.
7911/29).
204. , ,
(. 39, 204). . 19,8,
. 2,9 . . (.
7911/9).
205.
(. 39, 205). .
12,0, . 2,7 . .
(. 7911/14).
206. (. 39, 206). . 15,1,
. 2,8 . . (.
7911/17).
207. , ,
, .
(. 39, 207). . 10,8, . 2,9 . .
(. 7911/13).
208. ,
, . (. 39, 208). .
11,2, . 2,5 . . (. 7911/7).
209. , ,
, .

(. 39, 209). . 13,4, . 3,0 . .

(. 7911/28).
210. , , . (.
39, 210). . 16,0, . 3,3
. . (. 7911/23).
211. , ,
, .
(. 39, 211). . 10,9, . 3,4 . .
(. 7911/25).
212. . (.
39, 212). . 16,0, . 2,6
. . (. 7911/34).
213. .
(. 39, 213). . 17,4,
. 3,8 . . (.
7911/19).
214. , , . (. 39,
214). . 12,7, . 2,8 .
. (. 7911/1).
215. Namereno/, . . Blg. (. 7, 215).
. , .
(. 39, 215). . 23,8,
22,5, 13,0,
15,5 . 9,5,
. 3,6 . . (.
428), .
216-217. Razgrad/ .,
. Blg. (. 7, Rz = 216-217).
(BrD), , . . .
. .
216. , . (.
39, 216). . 19,5, 18,5, 11,3, -

353
12,9 . 8,8, .
2,1 . 104 . . . (.
3765).
217.
. , , . (.
39, 217). . 22,0, 21,0, 12,4,
12,5 . 7,4,
. 2,6 . 108 . . . (. 3766).
218. Ruse / ?, . . Blg. (. 7, 218).
. .
(. 40, 218). . 23,2,
21,7,
11,3, 16,5 . 9,1, . 3,8 .
1978. . 46, 4.
219-222 Ruse/ ., .
. Blg. (. 7, Ru = 219-222).
, -, (BrD),
. . .
. 1978. . 43, 6-8.
219. . , , . (. 40,
219). . 20,5,
19,7, 13,6, 14,5 . 10,7, .
2,8 . . 122 . . . (.
1937/ 402). 1978. . 43, 7.
220. ,
. . (. 40,
220). . 19,0 ( 19,3), 18,5,
12,0,
13,3 . 10,0, .
3,1 . 139 ( 150)
. . . (. 2404/ 404).
1978. . 43, 8.

221. , (. 40, 221).

. 14,8, . 3,0 .
83 . . . (. 1930/411).
1978. . 43, 6.
222. (
?) (. 40, 222). .
14,8, . 3,5 . 78 . .
. (. 2405/4050).
223-227. Suvorovo/ I, .
. Blg. (. 7, Su = 223-227).
, (BrD). 1978. . 46, 6-9, 11.
223. (. 40,
223). . 22,2,
20,8, 13,5, 14,0 . 9,8, . 3,3 . 1978. . 46, 7.
224. (. 40,
224). . 22,5,
21,0, 13,6, 14,7 . 10,2, .
3,8 . 1978. . 46, 8.
225. (. 40,
225). . 24,5,
23,0, 14,0, 14,5 . 9,5, . 3,5 . 1978. . 46 ,9.
226. (. 40,
226). . 25,0,
23,0, 14,0, 14,0 . 8,7, . 3,0 . 1978. . 46, 6.
227. (. 40,
227). . 25,0,
23,0, 13,5, 15,7 . 10,0, .
3,2 . 1978. . 46, 11.

354
228-231 umen/ . 1,
. . Blg. (. 7, S1 = 228-231).

(BrD). . . .
228. , , . (. 40, 228). .
20,3, 19,0,
12,0, 12,0
. 8,2, . 2,9 .
96 . . . (. 7663).
229. , ,
. (. 40, 229).
. 23,3, 21,0,
12,0,
13,5 . 8,5, . 2,8
. 106 . . . (.
7662).
230. . , , (. 40, 230). .
10,0, . 2,8 . 36 .
(. 7792).
231. . , , (. 40, 231). .
12,5, . 2,7 . 50 .
. . (. 7793).
232-240. umen/ . 2,
. . Blg. (. 7, S2 = 232-240).
(BrD), , . .
.
232. , , . . (. 40, 232).
. 21,0, 20,0,
11,3,
14,5 . 8,5, . 2,4
. 97 . . . (. 3618).
233. , ,
. (. 40,
233). . 24,5,
23,7, 12,0, -

15,8 . 8,1, . 2,9 . 131 . . (.

3614).
234. , . (.
40, 234). . 21,7, 19,8, 13,7, 13,5 . 10,1, .
4,1 . 134 . . (.
3617).
235. , . (.
40, 235). . 21,8, 20,9, 12,2, 14,2 . 8,9, .
3,1 . 135 . . (.
3613).
236. , . (.
41, 236). . 21,9, 20,7, 11,8, 14,2 . 8,5, .
2,8 . 125 . . (.
3615).
237. . .
(. 41, 237). . 22,9,
20,7,
11,8, 13,7 .
8,1, . 2,4 . 113 .
. (. 3619).
238. , , . (. 41, 238). .
22,7, 20,0, 12,5, 15,5 .
9,6, . 3,5 .
115 . . (. 3616).
239. , , . (. 41, 239). .
22,4, 21,0, 13,4, 16,0 .

355
11,2, . 4,0 .
163 . . (. 3620).
240. , , . (. 41, 240).
. 24,8, 22,0,
10,8,
12,5 . 3,8, . 2,1
. 84 . (. 3621).
241-244. umen/ . 3,
. . Blg. (. 7, S3 = 241-244).
(BrD-HaA1), , . . . .
241. , , ,
. (.
41, 241). . 18,5 (
19,5), 9,7, 13,2 . 6,6, .
2,5 . 132 ( 140) . . (. 3807).
242. , , ,
. (.
41, 242). . 16,0 (
18,6), 9,3, 12,0 . 5,8, .
2,7 . 74 (
100) . . (. 3809).
243. , , ,
. (.
41, 243). . 15,8 (
18,0), 9,9, 12,2 . 7,0, .
2,8 . 114 ( 130) . . (. 3808).
244. , , . . (. 41, 244).
. 19,5,
11,6, 13,2 .

8,3, . 2,5 . 108 . .

(. 3806)1.
245-247. Tyka/, . .
Blg. (. 7, Tk = 245-247).
(BrD). . .
1978. . 43,14; . 49, 6.
245. , .
. (.
41, 245). . 21,0, 20,0, 12,3, 13,5 . 9,2, .
3,9 . 164 . . (.
445). 1978. . 49, 6.
246. , , . (. 41, 246). .
20,3 ( 21,0),
20,3,
13,5, 13,5 . 9,4, . 2,5 . 115 (
125) . .
(. 444).
247. , ,
. , (. 41,
247). . 22,2,
20,5, 11,7, 12,5 . 7,1, . 2,1 . 91 . . (.
906). 1978. . 43,14.
248-250. .
251. Afumai/, jud. Ilfov.
Rom. (. 7, 251). . , , .
(. 41, 251). . 23,0 (
), 22,0,
13,5,
14,0 . 9,2, . 3,1
. Leahu 1988. 224. Fig 1, 6.
252. Brila/ muz., Brila,
jud. Brila. Rom. (. 7, 252). 1

, ,
, .

356
.
, . (. 41, 252). . 21,0,
20,6,
12,1, 16,0 .
10,3, . 4,0 . 162 .
Muz. Brila ( . ). Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. 1220.
253. Breaza/, jud. Mure. Rom.
(. 7, 253). . ,
, (.
41, 253). . 18,4, 17,3, 8,0, 13,5 . 6,7, .
2,9 . Roska 1942. 37, kp. 32, 2;
Petrescu-Dmbovia 1978. 10. Taf. 278, 5.
254.
Bucureti-Tei/-,
jud. Ilfov. Rom. (. 7, 254). , , Tei IV. , (. 41, 254).
. 17,7, 15,8,
9,0,
10,5 . 6,9, . 2,9
. Petrescu-Dmbovia 1978. 73. Taf. 287,
1977; Leahu 1988. 225. Fig. 1, 4.
255-275. Constana-Palas/
. jud. Constana. Rom. (. 7,
CP = 255-275). 21 , (BrD). Irimia 1968. 94. Fig. 12-15; 1982. 343. Abb. 6.
1-21; Petrescu-Dmbovia 1978. 112. Taf. 75,
13-28; Taf. 76, 29-31.
255. , , .
(. 42, 255). .
19,6, 18,2,
11,2, 11,3
. 6,9, . 2,2 .
65 . Muz. Constana (. 15588).
256. , , .
(. 42, 256). .
19,8, 18,2,
10,8, 10,7

. 6,2, . 1,8 .
63 . M. Irimia.
257. , , ,
.
(. 42, 257). . 19,4 (
20,1),
18,0, 10,3, 10,7 . 6,2, .
1,4 . 55 (
60) . Muz. Constana (. 15593).
258. , , . (. 42, 258).
. 19,2, 17,5,
10,5,
11,0 . 6,9, . 2,0
. 56 . M. Irimia.
259. , , . (. 42, 259).
. 19,5, 18,3,
11,1,
11,2 . 7,1, . 2,1
. 65 . M. Irimia.
260. , , . (. 42, 260).
. 19,5, 18,2,
10,7,
11,7 . 6,8, . 2,1
. 66 . M. Irimia.
261. , , .
(. 42, 261). .
21,2, 19,4,
11,3, 11,3
. 6,2, . 1,4 .
71 . M. Irimia.
262. , , .
(. 42, 262). .
19,5, 18,3,
11,5, 11,7
. 7,5, . 1,4 .
62 . Muz. Constana (. 15587).
263. . , .
(. 42, 263). .

357
14,8, . 2,1 . 47 .
M. Irimia.
264. .
, . (. 42, 264). . 15,5,
. 1,7 . 50 . M. Irimia.
265. (
-?). , . (. 42, 265).
. 18,7, . 2,3 .
63 . M. Irimia.
266. , , ,
.
(. 42, 266). . 19,2 (
21,2), 19,3, 10,7, 11,7 . 6,2, . 2,0 . 71 . M. Irimia.
267. , , ,

. (. 42, 267).
. 21,5, 20,5,
12,6,
14,7 . 9,3, . 2,1
. 116 . M. Irimia.
268. , , , .
(. 42, 268). . 22,8
( 23,5), 22,0,
12,8, 13,7 .
8,0, . 2,2 . 94 (
100) . M. Irimia.
269. , , , .
(. 42, 269). . 22,2,
20,5,
10,7, 11,7 .
5,2, . 1,5 . 83 .
M. Irimia.
270. , , , . (. 42, 270). . 22,8,

20,6,
11,4, 11,6 .
5,3, . 1,4 . 85 .
M. Irimia.
271. , , .
(. 42, 271). .
23,3, 21,7,
12,0, 13,3
. 6,9, . 2,5 .
90 . M. Irimia.
272. , , .
(. 42, 272). .
22,7, 21,5,
11,9, 12,7
. 6,7, . 1,9 .
73 . M. Irimia.
273. , , .
(. 42, 273). . 24,6, 22,7, 11,8, 14,7 .
7,0, . 2,0 . 82
. M. Irimia.
274. , , .
(. 42, 274). .
26,7, 23,7,
13,7, 13,7
. 7,9, . 2,7 .
99 . M. Irimia.
275. , , ,
. (. 42, 275). .
25,7 24,0,
13,2, 15,5
. 8,3, . 2,3 .
72 . M. Irimia.
276-277. Coroteni/, om.
Dumbrveni, jud. Vrancea. Rom. (.
7, Co = 276-277). ,
Monteoru.
Muz. Focani. Bobi 1981. 51. Fig. 24, 2, 3;
Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. 1225-1226.
276. , , . (. 43, 276).

358
. 19,9, 18,5,
10,3,
11,5 . 6,7, . 2,8 .
93 . Muz. Focani (. 14122).
277. , , . (. 43, 277).
. 19,4, 18,0,
10,7,
12,4 . 8,0, .
2,6 . 122 . Muz. Focani (.
14123).
278. Coslogeni/, jud. Clrai. Rom. (. 7, 278).
, . , , . (. 43,
278). . 6,5, . 1,8 .
30 . Culic 1975. 522. Fig. 3, 2.
279. Deni/, jud. Tulcea. Rom.
(. 7, 279). ,
. (. 43,
279). . 25,0,
22,5, 15,3,
15,5 . 11,5,
. 3,9 . Petrescu-Dmbovia
1978. 15. Taf. 278, 76.
280. Dobrogea/. Rom.
(. 7, 280). . ,
(. 43, 280). . 21,6,
20,5,
13,3, 14,5 .
10,2, . 3,5 . Fondaia
Cucuteni Mileniul III, R. Dumitrescu.
281. Frteti/, jud. Giurgiu.
Rom. (. 7, 281). (. 43, 281). .
19,5 ( 22,5),
21,4,
10,0, 14,3 . 6,5, . 3,0 . Iscescu,

Burlacu 1978. 46. Fig. 2, 8; Leahu 1988. 224.

Fig. 1, 3.
282-298. Gura Dobrogei/ . jud. Constana. Rom. (. 7,
GD = 282-298). 17 (BrD). Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 4, 4, 6; Fig. 5, 1-5; Fig. 6,
1-4; Fig. 7, 1-2, 4; Fig. 1-3.
282. , , ,
(. 43, 282). . 19,8,
19,3,
12,0, 12,0 .
8,0, . 2,6 . 101 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 6, 4.
283. , , .
(. 43, 283). .
21,0, 19,5,
10,0, 12,7
. 6,7, . 1,9 .
113 . Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 6, 3.
284. , , , (. 43, 284). . 22,4,
21,0,
13,3, 13,0 .
8,2, . 2,6 . 113 .
Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 5, 3.
285. , ,
, (. 43, 285). .
21,6, 20,5, 12,0, 15,0 .
9,3, . 3,4 .
107 . Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 6,1.
286. , ,
(. 43, 286). . 22,5,
21,0,
13,0, 13,8 .
9,0, . 2,9 . 127 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 5, 1.
287. , , , (. 43, 287).

359
. 23,7, 21,7,
13,2,
15,0 . 9,7, . 2,6
. 148 . Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 8, 2.
288. , , . (. 43, 288). . 22,8,
21,0,
10,8, 15,0 .
8,2, . 2,8 . 118 .
Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 5, 2.
289. , , (. 43, 289). . 24,0,
22,2,
12,8, 13,0 .
7,3, . 2,6 . 121 .
Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 7, 1.
290. (. 43, 290). .
9,9, . 2,4 . 37 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 5, 5.
291. (. 43, 291). .
11,8, . 2,6 . 53 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 5, 4.
292. , ,
(. 43, 292). . 22,6,
21,0,
13,0, 13,3 .
9,2, . 3,3 . 148 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 8, 1.
293. , , , (. 43, 293). . 21,4,
20,5,
11,2, 16,0 .
8,8, . 1,9 . 115 .
Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 7, 2.
294. (. 43, 294). .
15,6, . 2,4 . 60 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 8, 3.
295. (. 43, 295). .

13,4, . 2,6 . 50 . Aricescu

1970. 57. Fig. 4, 4.
296. , ,
,
(. 43, 296). .
20,0, . 2,6 . 106 .
Aricescu 1970. 57. Fig. 6, 2.
297. (. 43, 297). .
14,0, . 2,9 . 58 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 7, 4.
298. (. 43, 298). .
10,8, . 2,9 . 52 . Aricescu
1970. 57. Fig. 4, 6.
299-300. Mihai Bravu/ ,
jud. Brila. Rom. (. 7, MB = 299-300).
(BrD). Muz. ist.
Brila. Haruche, Constantinescu 1983. 42.
Fig. 1,1-2.
299. , .
(. 44, 299). . 19,6,
18,7, 12,8,
12,8 . 9,8,
. 3,0 . 142 . Muz. Brila
( . ).
300. , .
(. 44, 300). ,
, . . 20,9,
19,8,
12,3, 15,2 .
9,7, . 3,7 . Haruche,
Constantinescu 1983. 42. Fig. 1,1.
301. Nazarcea/, com. Poarta Alb, jud. Constana. Rom. (. 7,
301). , . ,
, .
(. 44, 301). . 22,8,
21,6,
14,2, 14,0 .

360
9,8, . 3,5 . Aricescu 1965. 17.
Fig. 6, 1; Petrescu-Dmbovia 1978. 15. Taf.
278, 77.
302. Oltenia-Gumelnia/, jud. Clrai. Rom. (.
7, 302). . , ,
.
(. 44, 302). . 22,3,
21,0,
13,7, 13,5 .
9,4, . 2,8 . 135 . erbnescu, Trohani 1975. 536. Fig. 4. 7; Leahu
1988. 223. Fig. 1, 5.
303. Pietroiu/, jud. Ialomia, Rom. (. 7, 303).
Coslogeni. ,
(. 44, 303). . 21,7,
20,0,
13,0, 13,5 .
9,7, . 3,7 . Irimia 1982.
337. Abb. 3, 6.
304-347. Stroti/, jud. Prahova. Rom. (. 7, St = 304-347). 44
(BrD). Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. P.
261-331.
304. , . , .
(. 44, 304). . 19,5,
18,5,
12,7, 13,3 .
9,4, . 3,3 . 187 .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 2.
305. .
, .
(. 44, 305). . 21,1,
19,8,
13,5, 14,0 .
10,0, . 2,9 . 135 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 8.
306. ,

. . (. 44,
306). . 19,1,
18,2, 12,7, 12,7 . 9,7, . 3,2 . 158 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 3.
307. .
, .
(. 44, 307). . 21,3,
20,5,
13,8, 14,0 .
10,7, . 3,3 . 177 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 5.
308. .
, .
(. 44, 308). . 20,9,
18,8,
12,5, 12,2 .
9,1, . 3,1 . 105 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1,4.
309. , . ,
. (. 44,
309). . 18,0 ( 19,7), 17,7,
10,5,
11,7 . 8,2, . 3,6
. 122 ( 140) .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 4.
310. ,
. . (. 44,
310). . 20,7,
19,0, 13,0, 13,0 . 9,7, . 2,9 . 183 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 13.
311. ,
. . (. 44,
311). . 22,7,
21,5, 12,1, 15,2 . 8,8, . -

361
3,6 . 148 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 1.
312. , . (. 44,
312). . 20,4,
19,5, 12,7, 13,7 . 9,6, . 3,2 . 134 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 10.
313. ,
. . (. 44,
313). . 21,6,
19,7, 13,3, 13,5 . 9,7, . 3,5 . 155 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 11.
314. , . (. 44, 314). . 21,0,
19,3,
12,4, 13,7 .
9,5, . 2,9 . 154 .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 9.
315. , (. 44, 315).
. 20,3, 19,5,
12,2,
14,0 . 9,2, . 2,9
. 109 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995.
Abb. 1, 7.
316. , . ,
. (. 44,
316). . 17,5 ( 19,5), 18,0,
11,3,
11,8 . 8,2, . 3,2
. 122 ( 140) .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 5.
317-320.
, , -,
.
317. (.
45, 317). . 20,2, -

18,7, 13,0, 13,0 . 10,2, .

2,9 . 167 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 15.
318. (. 45,
318). . 19,8 ( 20,5), 19,0,
13,2,
13,5 . 10,3, . 2,5
. 165 ( 172) .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 1.
319. . , (. 45, 319). .
20,3, 19,0, 12,7, 13,8 . 10,2, . 2,8 . 175
. Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 16.
320. . , (. 45, 320). .
20,3, 19,0, 12,8, 14,0 . 10,0, . 2,6 . 167
. Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 4.
321. . , . (. 45,
321). . 23,1,
21,7, 12,7, 13,8 . 8,6, . 3,2 . 195 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 1, 6.
322. , ,
(. 45, 322). .
19,0, 17,5,
12,6, 10,8
. 9,4, . 2,6 .
162 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 1, 12.
323. (. 45, 323).
. 10,9, . 3,0 . 58
. Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 18.
324. (. 45, 324).
. 10,5, . 3,3 . 39
. Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 17.

362
325. (. 45, 325).
. 13,6, . 2,6 .
67 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 16.
326. (. 45, 326).
. 15,4, . 2,7 .
67 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 15.
327.
(. 45, 327). .
17,1, . 3,0 . 102 .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2 ,14.
328. (. 45, 328).
. 18,6, . 3,2 .
89 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 2.
329. (. 45,
329). . 6,3, . 2,3 .
19 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb.
2, 22.
330. (. 45, 330). .
7,5, . 2,6 . 30 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 19.
331. (. 45,
331). . 11,0, . 2,4
. 46 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995.
Abb. 2, 24.
332. (. 45,
332). . 8,0, . 2,6 .
32 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb.
2, 20.
333.
(. 45, 333). . 14,0, . 2,8 . 90 . Motzoi, Lihardopol
1995. Abb. 2, 3.
334. (. 45, 334).
. 3,0, . 2,4 . 6 .
Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 21.
335. (. 45,
335). . 3,0, . 2,3 .
9 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 25.
336. (. 45,
336). . 1,7, . 2,1 .
4 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 27.

337. (. 45,
337). . 2,4, . 2,7 .
14 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 23.
338. (. 45,
338). . 2,7, . 2,0 .
3 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 28.
339. (. 45, 339). .
2,2, . 3,3 . 8 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 26.
340. .
(. 45, 340). .
6,1, . 2,6 . 33 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 13.
341. (. 45, 341). .
10,3, . 2,2 . 49 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 10.
342. .
(. 45, 342). .
10,5, . 2,6 . 42 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 8.
343. (. 45,
343). . 12,2, . 3,0 .
53 . Motzoi, Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 12.
344. .
(. 45, 344). .
14,9, . 2,7 . 91 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 9.
345. .
(. 45, 345). .
14,5, . 3,0 . 62 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 11.
346. .
(. 45, 346). .
16,5, . 2,5 . 76 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 6.
347. .
(. 45, 347). .
16,8, . 2,4 . 93 . Motzoi,
Lihardopol 1995. Abb. 2, 7.
348-350. Chiinu/, . Chiinu, Mld. (. 7, Ch = 348-350).

363
, (BrD).
Muz. Na. Arh. i Istorie. Chiinu.
1975. 31. 32. .11, 1-3; Dergaev
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348. (. 46, 348). .
21,8, 21,0,
11,5, 10,5
. 4,0, . 2,2 .
102 .
349. , , , (. 46,
349). . 22,3,
21,8, 12,5, 13,0 . 8,6, . 2,5 . 118 .
350. , , , . (. 46, 350).
. 24,3, 22,5,
13,3,
13,5 . 7,8, . 3,0
. 144 .
351-405. Dancu/, r-n Hnceti.
Mld. (Ka. 7, Dn = 351-405). 55
, (BrD). Muz. Na. Arh. i Istorie.
Chiinu. Dergacev 1991. 39 . Fig.3,
13-16, 21; 5, 1-17; 6, 1-17; 7, 1-15; Dergaev
2002. 34-38. Taf. 23, 10-11; Taf. 24-30, 59-64;
Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. NN 1227- 1281.
351-352. , , . , , , -,
.
351. . 20,3, 19,0, 12,0, 13,0 . 9,6, .
3,2 . 127 . (. 46, 351).
352. . 20,2, 19,0, 12,4, 12,8 . 9,1, .
3,2 . 123 . (. 46, 352).

353-354. , , . , . .
353. . 20,2, 19,2, 13,2, 13,7 . 10,4, .
2,9 . 164 . (. 46, 353).
354. . 19,9, 18,9, 13,4, 12,7 . 10,4, .
3,0 . 154 . (. 46, 354).
355-356. ,
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355. . 20,7, 19,2, 13,0, 14,0 . 10,6, .
3,4 . 164 . (. 46, 355).
356. . 20,5, 19,3, 13,2, 13,7 . 10,5, .
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364
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365
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366
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367
395. . (. 48, 395). . 20,3,
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396. . (. 48, 396). . 21,5,
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406-418. Enichioi/, r-n Cahul. Mld. (Ka. 7, En = 406-418). 13
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368


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369
7, Bg = 420-422).
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370
(BrD). . .
1976. 96. .20; , 2002.
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7-8. Abb. 2, 1-10; Abb. 3, 1-5;
428. . ,
(. 50, 428). . 19,0, 18,2,
13,8, 13,0
. 11,0, . 3,4 .
150 . , 2002.
1294.
429. .
(. 50, 429). . 19,4,
18,2, 13,3,
13,2 . 10,5,
. 3,6 . 140 . ,
2002. 1299.
430. , ,
, . , ,
(. 50, 430). . 19,4,
18,7, 13,3,
13,3 . 10,7,
. 3,7 . 138 . ,
2002. 1303.
431. , ,
(. 50, 431). . 21,0,
19,5, 11,4,
14,0 . 9,2,
. 3,0 . 120 . ,
2002. 1302.
432. , ,
(. 50, 432). . 21,5,
20,4, 13,0,
14,3 . 9,7,
. 3,0 . 125 . ,
2002. 1298.
433. , ,

(. 50, 433). . 20,3,

18,8, 12,3,
12,8 . 9,3,
. 3,5 . 150 . ,
2002. 1304.
434.
, (. 50, 434). , . . 22,0,
20,7,
13,1, 13,7 .
9,2, . 3,0 . 135 . , 2002. 1295.
435. , , , (. 50, 435). . 18,0,
17,3,
10,9, 12,7 .
9,0, . 3,1 . 125 . , 2002. 1306.
436. , (. 50, 436). .
17,0, 16,7,
11,5, 12,3
. 9,6, . 3,3 .
140 . , 2002. 1308.
437. ,
.
(. 50, 437). . 19,0,
17,5, 12,0,
12,3 . 9,5,
. 2,6 . 113 . ,
2002. 1305.
438. , , ,
. (. 50, 438).
. 18,3, 17,0,
12,3,
12,5 . 10,0, . 3,1
. 178 . , 2002.
1307.
439. , , .
(. 50, 439). .

371
19,7, 18,7,
12,7, 13,7
. 10,3, . 3,3 .
125 . , 2002. 1300.
440. , , .
(. 50, 440). .
21,0, 19,4,
10,5, 14,6
. 9,0, . 2,9 .
115 . , 2002. 1301.
441. , , .
(. 51, 441). .
21,5, 20,4,
12,8, 14,5
. 10,3, . 3,5 .
145 . , 2002. 1297.
442. , , . .
(. 51, 442). . 23,8,

22,7, 12,6,
14,4 . 8,2,
. 2,9 . 150 . ,
2002. 1309.
443. , , . .
(. 51, 443). . 24,6,
23,6, 12,0,
16,5 . 8,5,
. 2,7 . 140 . ,
2002. 1296.
444. . Ukr. (. 7. 444).
. ,
(. 51, 444). . 20,0,
18,5, 9,5,
11,0 .
5,2, 1,8 .
. , 2011. 36.
. 41.

 2 ( 1-88).
2. /Drajna
(. 8, . 51-56. 1-88)
1. Cndeti/, com. Dumbrveni, jud. Vrancea. Rom. (. 8, 1).
(BrD),
. .
, (. 51, 1).
,
. . 18,4, 17,5, 13,5, 11,0 . 9,3,
3,0 . 120 . Muz. Focani (.
10372). Florescu M., Florescu A. 1983. 119.
Fig. 4, 2; Dergaev, Bokarev 2006 1224.
2. Crligu Mare/ , com.
Glodeanu-Silitea, jud. Buzu. Rom.
(. 8, 2).
. ,
. , ,
(. 51, 2). . 18,3,
17,0, 14,0,
13,0 . 11,3,
2,8 . Petrescu-Dmbovia
1977. 153. Pl. 366, 4.
3-57. Drajna de Jos/ ,
com. Drajna, jud. Prahova. Rom. (. 8,
3-57). 67
(BrD-HaA1). 55 . 42 ( 3-42, 56-57),
13 ( 43-55)
I. Andrieescu.
,

.
,
I. Andrieescu. , ,
2-3, , ,

I. Andrieescu. ,
1925
.
, 40

(Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti),
. Muzeul
judeean de istorie i arheologie Prahova.
(Muz.-Ploieti).
. Andrieescu 1925.
377 . Pl. V-VI; Alexandrescu 1966; Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 78.
3-8. ,
.
3. .
. , , .
(. 51, 3). . 15,6,
13,7,
12,4, 10,3 .
9,7, 2,3 . 84 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13330).
4. .
. : , (. 51, 4). .
15,4, 13,8, 12,4, 10,5 . 9,9, 2,2 . 82 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13333).
5. .
. , ,
(. 51, 5). .
15,8, 14,0, 12,6, 10,6 . 10,1, 2,3 . 84 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13441).
6. .
. , , -

373

. 8. /Drajna
1 Cndeti; 2 Crligu Mare; 3-57 Drajna de Jos; 58-64 Guteria II; 65 Lugani; 66-68 Mangalia; 69-70 Negreti; 71-79 Nicolae Blcescu; 80-82 Olteni; 83 Putreda; 84 igneti; 85
Zebil; 86 Cetatea de Balt, 87 Palotabozsok; 88 .

374
(. 51, 6). .
15,6, 13,8, 12,4, 10,6 . 9,8, 2,2 . 84 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13327).
7. .
. , , (.
51, 7). . 16,1,
13,7, 12,4, 10,5 . 9,8,
2,3 . 87 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13367).
8. .
. , (. 51, 8). . 15,8,
14,0,
12,4, 10,5 .
9,9, 2,4 . 81 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13291).
9. .
. , , ,
. . 15,9, 15,3, 12,3, 11,3 . 7,9,
2,5 (. 51, 9). 79 . Muz.
Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13297).
10. .
. , , ,
. (. 51, 10). . 16,8,
15,1,
12,4, 10,7 .
9,3, 2,7 . 91 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13442).
11-25. 15 ,
.
11. .
. , (. 51, 11). . 18,1, 15,5, 12,7, 11,2 .
10,0, 2,9 .
124 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (.
13436).

12. .
. , , (. 51,
12). . 18,1,
15,0, 12,7, 11,3 . 10,1,
2,9 . 103 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13439).
13. .
. , , . (. 52,
13). . 17,6,
15,3, 12,8, 11,3 . 10,0,
2,8 . 113 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13432).
14. .
. , , . (. 52,
14). . 17,8,
15,2, 12,9, 11,3 . 9,9,
2,9 . 122 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13440).
15. .
. , , . (. 52,
15). . 18,2,
15,2, 12,9, 11,0 . 10,1,
2,9 . 125 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13396).
16. .
. , , . (. 52,
16). . 18,2,
15,3, 13,2, 11,0 . 10,1,
2,8 . 125 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13429).

375
17. .
. , , . (. 52,
17). . 17,4,
15,4, 13,0, 11,3 . 9,8,
2,9 . 123 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13293).
18. .
. , , . (. 52,
18). . 18,5,
15,0, 13,0, 11,0 . 10,0,
2,9 . 134 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13320).
19. .
. , , . (.
52, 19). . 16,2, 15,2, 13,0, 10,9 . 10,0, 2,9 . 109 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13290).
20. .
. , , . (.
52, 20). . 17,2, 15,0, 13,0, 11,0 . 10,0, 2,9 . 123 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13298).
21. . . , ,
.
(. 52, 21). .
17,7, 15,3, 12,7, 11,4 .
10,0, 3,0 . 124 .
Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13275).

22. .
. , , . (.
52, 22). . 18,4, 15,3, 13,4, 10,8 . 9,9, 2,9 . 119 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13298).
23. .
. , , . (. 52,
23). . 18,1,
15,2, 12,9, 11,3 . 9,9,
2,9 . 110 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13299-?).
24. .
. , , . (. 52,
24). . 18,0,
15,1, 12,7, 11,4 . 9,8,
3,0 . 123 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13444).
25. .
. , , . (. 52,
25). . 18,0,
15,2, 13,4, 10,5 . 9,7,
2,9 . 118 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13427).
26. .
. , , .

(. 52, 26). . 18,4,
16,3, 13,0,
10,3 . 9,1, 2,5 . 77 . Muz. Na. Ist.
Bucureti (. 13302).

376
27. .
. , , .

(. 52, 27). . 19,5,
17,5, 14,3,
11,0 . 9,4, 2,4 . 97 . Muz. Na. Ist.
Bucureti (. 13335).
28. .
. , , .

(. 52, 28). . 18,9,
16,8, 15,0,
10,2 . 9,8, 2,8 . 100 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13299-?).
29. .
. , , .

(. 53, 29). . 18,9,
17,3, 14,6,
12,2 . 10,6,
3,1 . 149 . Muz.
Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13361).
30. .
. , , .

(. 53, 30). . 18,5,
16,0, 14,0,
11,4 . 10,8,
3,2 . 154 . Muz.
Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13399).
31. .
. , , .

(. 53, 31). . 19,5,
17,2, 14,7,
10,8 . 10,4,
2,7 . 137 . Muz.
Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13423).
32. .
. , , .
(.

53, 32). . 17,3, 17,2, 13,8, 12,0 . 11,1, 3,4 . 124 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13323).
33. .
. , , . (. 53,
33). . 16,5,
15,4, 13,3, 9,5 . 8,6,
2,8 . 97 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13316).
34. .
. , , .
(.
53, 34). . 19,0, 17,7, 14,2, 10,7 . 8,8,
2,7 . 86 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13434).
35. . . , . (. 53, 35). .
19,0, 16,5, 14,5, 11,2 . 10,2, 3,4 . 129
. Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13295).
36. .
. , , .
(. 53,
36). . 19,7,
17,2, 14,2, 11,6 . 10,0,
2,5 . 113 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13278).
37. .
. , , .
(.
53, 37). . 18,5, 15,8, 13,4, 11,2 . 10,1, -

377
2,4 . 102 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13313).
38. .
. , , .
(. 53, 38). .
18,9, 16,9, 14,0,
12,0 . 10,6,
2,6 . 119 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti
(. 13331).
39. .
. , , .
(.
53, 39). . 18,6, 16,7, 14,2, 11,7 . 9,3,
3,0 . 152 . Muz. Na. Ist. Bucureti (. 13277).
40-42. ,
.
40. . . , , .
(.
53, 40). . 20,1, 18,2, 15,4, 12,7 . 11,5, 3,2 . 154 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 13422).
41. .
. , , .
(.
53, 41). . 21,2, 18,5, 15,0, 13,2 . 11,0, 2,8 . 170 . Muz. Na.
Ist. Bucureti (. 14067).
42. .
. , , .
(.
53, 42). . 19,8, 17,4, 14,8, -

13,0 . 11,4, 2,9 . 157 . Muz. Na.

Ist. Bucureti (. 13305).
43. . ,
(. 53, 43). . 18,6,
16,1,
10,3, 10,0 .
6,6, 2,4 . 118 .
Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 29.
44. .
. , , .
(.
53, 44). . 20,5, 16,8, 14,0, 10,3 . 8,9,
2,8 . 121 . Andrieescu 1925.
Pl. V, 6.
45. .
. ,
(. 54, 45). .
20,1, 16,2,
13,8, 11,3
. 10,4, 3,1
. 134 . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 25.
46. .
. , . (. 54, 46). .
19,5, 15,8, 12,0, 11,5 .
9,8, 3,0 .
132 . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 31.
47. .
. , , .
(. 54,
47). . 20,9,
19,4, 14,5, 13,4 . 10,6,
2,7 . 120 . Andrieescu 1925.
Pl. V, 22.
48. . . , , .

378
(. 54,
48). . 20,8,
17,0, 13,6, 13,2 . 10,9,
3,1 . 135 . Andrieescu 1925.
Pl. V, 19.
49. .
. , , .
(. 54, 49). . 17,1,
16,0, 11,8,
10,2 . 7,9, 2,3 . 70 . Andrieescu
1925. Pl. V, 18.
50. .
. , , .
(. 54, 50). . 19,8,
18,6, 14,7,
9,7 . 8,2, 2,3 . 103 . Andrieescu
1925. Pl. V, 1.
51. . , , . (. 54, 51). .
20,8, 20,7, 14,5, 12,5 .
8,9, 2,5 .
86 . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 2.
52. .
. , , .
(. 54, 52). . 23,2,
21,6, 15,0,
12,6 . 8,6, 2,4 . 67(?) . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 3.
53. .
. , , .
(. 54, 53). . 21,4,
19,0, 13,3,
12,7 . 9,3, -

2,4 . 97 . Andrieescu
1925. Pl. V, 27.
54. .
. , .
(. 54, 54). .
20,8, 18,0,
15,0, 13,0
. 10,9, 2,7
. 133 . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 10.
55. .
. , .
(. 54, 55). .
21,3, 19,4,
15,8, 13,6
. 12,4, 2,7
. 169 . Andrieescu 1925. Pl. V, 15.
56. . . , , . .
(. 54, 56). .
20,9, 18,4,
15,0, 10,7 .
9,3, 2,5 .
108 . Muz. Ploieti. (. 64-18981).
57. - .
. , ,
. . (. 54, 57). .
17,5, 16,0, 14,6, 8,8
. 8,1, 2,4 .
63 ( 70) . Muz.
Ploieti. (. 64-18980).
58-64. Guteria/ II, or. Sibiu, jud. Sibiu. Rom. (. 8, 58-64).
(HaA1).
.. , .
( 58-61, 64),
M. Petrescu-Dmbovia ( 62-63).
58. - .
. ,
(. 54, 58). .

379
14,3, 13,7, 10,7, 8,5
. 7,5, 2,5
.. .
59. - .
. ,
(. 54, 59). . 13,8,
12,6, 10,0,
9,3 . 7,7, 2,4 . .. .
60. .
. (. 54, 60). . 15,4, 13,2,
10,2, 9,0
. 7,8, 2,6 .
.. .
61. - .
. . . 15,4, 14,5,
11,4, 9,6
. 8,3, 3,0
(. 54, 61). .. .
62. - .
. , (.
55, 62). . 15,3, 13,3, 10,3, 8,7 . 7,0,
2,5 . Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 95.
Pl. 154, 9; 1978. 120-121. Taf. 113 N 196.
63. .
. , (. 55, 63).
. 17,3, 15,3,
11,7,
10,8 . 8,9,
3,2 . Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977. 95. Pl.
154, 10; 1978. 120-121. Taf. 113 N 195.
64. .
. , (. 55, 64).
. 18,0, 16,3,
13,3,
11,0 . 9,7,
3,3 . .. .
65. Iugani/, jud. Vrancea.
Rom. (. 8, 65). -

,
(.
55, 65). , . Bobi 1981 (
), Fig. 24, 1.
66-68. Mangalia/, jud.
Constanta. Rom. (. 8, 66-68).
, -,
(BrD-?). . Mangalia
1957 . ..
, ().
1978. . 43, 9, 11.
66. . . (. 55, 66). . 16,2 (
18,0), 17,0,
10,8, 8,7 . 5,2,
1,3 . 26 (
30) . . (. 1354).
67. . .
(. 55, 67). . 19,2
( 20,5), 18,5,
10,2, 11,2 . 5,5,
1,8 . 41 (
45) . . (. 571).
68. . .
(. 55, 68). . 19,6
( 20,6), 18,7,
11,2, 10,5 . 6,0,
1,8 . 47 (
50) . . (. 571).
69-70. Negreti/, jud. Vaslui. Rom. (. 8, 69-70).
(BrD). Petrescu-Dmbovia
1977. 76. Pl. 84, 7-8; 1978. 110. Taf. 63 7-8;
Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. NN 1291-1292.
69. - .
, , (. 55,

380
69). . 13,8,
13,0, 10,0, 8,7 . 7,1,
1,7 . 30 . Muz. Iai. (.
857). Petrescu-Dmbovia 1977 . Pl. 84, 8;
1978 Taf. 63 8; Dergaev, Bokarev 2006.
1291.
70. . ,
, (. 55, 70). .
15,5, 14,7, 10,5, 9,4
. 7,5, 2,0 .
53 . Muz. Iai. (. 859). PetrescuDmbovia 1977. Pl. 84, 7; 1978. Taf. 63 7;
Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. 1292.
71-79. Nicolae Blcescu/ . jud. Constana. Rom. (. 8, 7179).
(BrD/HaA1). Aricescu 1970. 56, Fig. 1, 1-2 ; Fig. 2, 1-1-2, 4-5;
Fig. 3, 1-3.
71. . , . (. 55,
71). . 17,2,
15,7, 12,7, 10,4 . 9,6,
3,1 . 107 . Aricescu 1970.
56. Fig. 3, 2.
72.
. , .
(. 55, 72). .
17,0, 15,7,
13,0, 10,7
. 9,8, 3,1 .
101 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 2, 4.
73.
. , .
(. 55, 73). .
17,1, 15,3,
12,0, 11,4
. 9,8, 2,8 .
90 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 3, 1.

74.
. , .
(. 55, 74). .
18,5, 17,6,
13,0, 12,5
. 9,8, 3,3 .
86 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 1, 1.
75.
. , .
(. 55, 75). .
19,8, 18,5,
12,8, 11,8
. 9,2, 2,8 .
102 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 1, 2.
76. - . , ,
. (. 55, 76). .
22,4, 21,4, 15,5, 11,0 .
8,8, 2,4 .
94 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 2, 1.
77.
. , , .
(. 55, 77). . 21,3,
19,5, 13,3,
11,5 . 8,5,
3,0 . 103 . Aricescu
1970. 56. Fig. 2, 2.
78. , ,
(. 55, 78). . 14,3,
2,8 . 67 . Aricescu
1970. 56. Fig. 3, 3.
79. (. 55,
79). . 7,0, 2,2 .
20 . Aricescu 1970. 56. Fig. 2, 5.
80-82. Olteni/, jud. Prahova.
Rom. (. 8, 80-81).
(BrD-HaA). Alexandrescu 1966. Pl.
R 16, 5-7.
80. . , ,

381
. (. 56, 80). . 20,5,
18,3,
15,3, 11,5 .
10,4, 2,8 . Alexandrescu
1966. Pl. R 16, 6.
81. . , ,
. (. 56, 81). . 20,0,
18,3,
12,6, 11,5 .
8,5, 2,5 . Alexandrescu
1966. Pl. R 16, 7.
82. . , ,
. (. 56, 82). . 17,8,
15,8,
12,3, 11,5 .
9,5, 3,2 . Alexandrescu
1966. Pl. R 16, 5.
83. Putreda/, com. Grebanu, jud. Buzu. Rom. (. 8, 83).
(BrD/HaA1). .
, , .
(.
56, 83). . 13,5 (
14,5), 13,5,
11,1,
6,5 . 6,2, 2,4
. Iscescu 1967. P. 327-330. Il.
84. igneti/, com. Munteni, jud. Galai. Rom. (. 8, 84).
(BrD), .
. , ,
(. 56, 84). . 21,8, 20,0, 14,4, 9,2 .
7,1, 1,8 . Muz. Galai.

Florescu A. 1991. 136. 563. Fig. 110; Dergaev, Bokarev 2006. 1310.
85. Zebil/, com. Sacichioi, jud.
Tulcea. Rom. (.8, 85).
.
. , , (. 56, 85). . 16,2, 13,8,
10,7, 7,5 .
7,2, 1,6 . 90 .
Alinci, Ignat 2007. 487. Fig. 1.
86. Cetatea de Balt/
, jud. Alba. Rom. (.8, 86).
(HaA1).
. , , .
(. 56, 86). . 19,8,
18,5,
12,3, 10,0 .
6,4, 1,7 . 55 . Botond 2009. 47. Pl. 3, 8.
87. Palotabozsok/ Kom.
Baranya. Hng. (. 8, 87). ,
(HaA1, Horizont Kurd). . , , . (. 56, 87).
. 17,9, 16,8,
13,3,
9,7 . 8,3, 2,3
. .. . . . . (. 144-1887). Mozsolics 1985.
166. Taf. 71, 3.
88. . Ukr. ( 8. 88).
, ,
.
(. 56, 88).
. 20,1, 18,0,
10,5,
9,0 . 4,5,
1,1 . 59 . . . .
. 211 1046 (2).

 3 ( 1-60).
3. C /Vyrbica
(. 9, . 56-58. 1-60).
1. Gradenica/, .
. Blg. (. 9, 1).
(HaA-HaB).
,
. , , (. 56, 1). . 14,4,
12,8,
8,8, 9,0 . 6,7,
1,8 . 57 . .
(. 1059). 1974. 45. O. 6.
2. Iai/ (Dorobanu), jud. Iai.
Rom. (. 9, 2). , . ,
. ,
, (. 56, 2). .
9,8 ( 11,0), 10,0, 7,1, 7,5
. 5,5, 2,0 .
Petrescu-Dmbovia 1953. 456 Fig. 6; 1978
15, N 278, 72.
3. Orevia Mare/ , jud.
Mehedini. Rom. (. 9, 3).
. ,
. , ,
(. 56, 3). . 10,9,
9,7, 6,8,
7,5 . 5,5, 2,0 . 57 . Muz. Turnu
Severin (. 6437), Schuster . 2006.
146. f. 63, 8.
4. Sofia/ . Blg. (. 9,
4). , ,
, . . , ,
. ,

(. 56, 4). . 13,4,

12,5, 8,8,
10,7 . 7,2, 2,5 . 57 . . .
(. 417/3968). 1978.
. 59, 13.
5-8. plnaca/ II, com.
Hoprta, jud. Alba. Rom. (. 9, 5-8).
(HaA1).
Dumitrescu 1938. 209; Petrescu-Dmbovia
1978. 21.
5. ,
. , ,
(. 56, 5). . 13,3,
11,5, 7,4,
9,2 . 5,9, 2,3 . Petrescu-Dmbovia
1978. 21. Taf. 149. 276.
6. ,
. , ,
(. 56, 6). . 16,5,
15,0, 10,5,
10,8 . 7,9, 2,9 . Dumitrescu 1938. 209.
Fig. 7, 2.
7. ,
. , ,
(. 56, 7). . 17,7,
16,5,
11,9, 11,9 .
8,5, 2,5 . Dumitrescu 1938. 209. Fig. 7, 8.
8.
,
. , (. 56, 8). .
17,7, 15,5, -

383

. 9. /Vyrbica:
1 ; 2 Iai (Dorobanu); 3 Orevia Mare; 4 .; 5-8 plnaca II;
9-60 1

384
11,3, 12,6 .
9,7, 3,4 .
Dumitrescu 1938. 209. Fig. 7,9; 9,3.
9-60. Vyrbica/ 1, . . Blg. (. 9-60). 52
(HaA-HaB). . . . 1933; 1967; 1978.
9.
. , (.
57, 9). . 13,0,
11,6, 8,1, 8,6 . 6,2, 2,3 . 46 . . . (.
2824). 1978. . 57, 16.
10.
. , ,
(. 57, 10). . 14,3,
12,7, 8,7,
9,3 . 6,5, 2,0 . 58 . . .
(. 2825). 1978. . 57, 18.
11.
. , (.
57, 11). . 12,4, 10,8, 7,6, 8,7 . 6,4,
2,6 . 59 . . .
(. 2826). 1978. . 57, 13.
12. . ,
, (. 57, 12). .
13,3, 11,3,
8,0, 8,5 .
6,4, 2,3 .
49 . . . (. 2827). 1978. . 57, 17.
13.
. , (.
57, 13). . 12,2, 10,6, 7,6, 8,5 . 6,3,
2,4 . 48 . . .
(. 2918). 1978. . 57, 6.

14.
. , (.
57, 14). . 12,3, 10,6, 7,7, 8,2 . 6,4,
2,4 . 49 . . .
(. 2830). 1978. . 57, 9.
15.
. , (. 57, 15).
. 13,7, 12,2,
8,0,
9,5 . 6,5,
2,1 . 58 . . . (.
2833). 1978. . 57, 8.
16. . , ,
(. 57, 16). . 14,0,
12,4,
8,7, 8,4 .
5,9, 2,2 . 57 .
. . (. 2835).
1978. . 58, 3.
17.
. , , (. 57, 17). . 14,8, 13,0, 8,1, 9,8 .
6,5, 2,0 . 56 . .
. (. 2836). 1978.
. 58, 14.
18. . , ,
(. 57, 18). . 12,7,
11,4,
8,9, 8,3 .
6,4, 2,2 . 60 .
. . (. 2837).
1978. . 59, 7.
19.
. , , (. 57, 19). . 15,1,
13,4,
7,5, 9,6 . 5,2,

385
1,6 . 53 . . .
(. 2838). 1978. .
58, 4.
20.
. , ,
(. 57, 20). . 13,8,
12,3, 8,4,
8,7 . 6,2, 2,1 . 51 . . .
(. 2840). 1978. .
57, 12.
21. , . , ,
(. 57, 21). .
13,1, 11,7, 7,6, 8,7 . 5,8, 1,8 . 50
. . . (. 2841).
1978. . 58, 6.
22.
. , ,
(. 57, 22). . 12,7,
11,3, 7,5,
8,6 . 6,0, 2,2 . 58 . . .
(. 2842). 1978. . 58, 9.
23.
. , (. 57,
23). . 13,2,
11,3, 8,0, 8,7 . 6,5, 2,3 . 58 . . . (.
2843-?). 1978. . 58, 20.
24. . ,
, (. 57, 24).
. 13,2, 11,6,
8,9,
8,6 . 6,8,
2,4 . 73 . . . (.
2844). 1978. . 58, 18.
25-26. ,
.

25. . ,
, (. 57, 25). .
13,2, 11,5,
8,4, 8,5 .
6,8, 2,3 .
56 . . . (. 2845). 1978. . 57, 2.
26. . ,
, (. 57, 26). .
13,5, 11,5,
8,0, 9,2 .
6,8, 2,4 .
53 . . . (. 2848-?).
1978. . 57, 1.
27-30. ,
.
27.
. , (.
57, 27). . 12,0, 10,5, 7,4, 8,7 . 6,4,
2,1 . 45 . . .
(. 2911). 1978. . 57, 11.
28.
. , (.
57, 28). . 11,8, 10,4, 7,6, 8,6 . 6,4,
2,1 . 43 . . .
(. 2915). 1978. . 58, 1.
29.
. , ,
(. 57, 29). . 11,5
( 12,0), 10,5,
7,5, 8,2 . 6,4,
2,1 . 39 (
44) . . . (.
2919). 1978. . 58, 7.
30.
. , (. 57, 30).

386
. 12,2, 10,6,
7,6,
8,6 . 6,5,
2,1 . 41 . . . (.
2846). 1978. . 57, 5.
31.
. (. 57, 31). .
12,7, 10,8,
7,6, 8,4 .
6,1, 2,2 .
43 . . . (. 2903-?).
1978. . 57, 20-?
32. . ,
, (. 57, 32). .
13,2, 11,5,
7,9, 8,2 .
6,1, 2,2 .
53 . . . (. 2847).
1978. . 57, 3.
33.
. , (.
57, 33). . 12,9, 10,9, 8,1, 8,1 . 6,3,
2,2 . 53 . . .
(. 2904). 1978. . 58, 12.
34. . ,
(. 57, 34). . 13,2,
11,5, 8,2,
9,1 . 6,7, 2,2 . 49 . . .
(. 2905-?). 1978. .
57, 10-?
35. . ,
, (. 57, 35). .
11,9, 11,3,
8,2, 8,5 .
6,4, 2,0 .
55 . . . (. 2906). 1978. . 59, 1.

36. . , ,
(. 58, 36). . 14,1,
12,2,
7,8, 9,2 .
6,4, 2,0 . 58 .
. . (. 2907).
1978. . 58, 2.
37. . , (. 58, 37). . 12,9,
10,8,
8,1, 8,2 .
5,9, 2,2 . 43 .
. . (. 2908).
1978. . 57, 4.
38. . , ,
(. 58, 38). . 14,1,
12,8,
8,0, 10,3 .
6,9, 2,3 . 50 .
. . (. 2909).
1978. . 58, 17.
39.
. , (. 58, 39).
. 12,3, 11,0,
7,5,
9,0 . 6,6,
2,0 . 51 . . . (.
2910). 1978. . 58, 13.
40. . , ,
(. 58, 40). . 13,2,
11,9,
8,0, 8,5 .
6,4, 2,0 . 55 .
. . (. 2916).
1978. . 58, 5.
41.
. , (. 58, 41).
. 12,1, 11,3,
7,4,

387
8,5 . 6,0,
2,4 . 50 . . . (.
2917). 1978. . 57, 7.
42.
. , , (. 58, 42). . 11,9 ( 13,5),
11,4,
7,5, 8,2 .
5,8, 2,3 . 53 (
60) . . . (.
2920). 1978. . 58, 15.
43. , . , ,
(. 58,
43). . 11,8 (
13,6), 12,7, 7,5, 9,3
. 5,8, 2,0 .
48 ( 55) . .
. (. 2921). 1978.
. 58, 19.
44. , . , , (. 58, 44).
. 12,3 (
14,0), 12,5, 6,6, 9,4
. 6,1, 2,1 .
49 ( 56) . .
. (. 2922). 1978.
. 58, 8.
45.
. , , (. 58, 45). . 13,6, 12,4, 8,2, 8,7 .
6,2, 1,9 . 48 . .
. (. 37??). 1978.
. 57, 14.
46.
. , , . (. 58, 46).

. 12,8, 11,0,
8,5,
7,7 . 6,1,
2,3 . 47 . . . (.
2913). 1978. . 58, 11.
47.
. , , (. 58, 47). . 15,4, 14,2, 8,5, 9,8 .
6,2, 2,1 . 62 . .
. (. 2828). 1978.
. 58, 16.
48.
. , , (. 58, 48). . 15,1, 13,0, 7,2, 9,3 .
5,1, 1,9 . 54 . .
. (. 2914). 1978.
. 57, 19.
49.
.

. , , ,
(.
58, 49). . 16,3, 15,2, 9,0, 9,5 . 5,8,
2,1 . 59 . . .
(. 2829). 1978. . 59, 2.
50.
.

. , , (.
58, 50). . 13,6,
12,2, 8,5, 9,2 . 6,8, 2,2 . 50 . . . (.
2831). 1978. . 59, 6.
51.
.

388
. , , (.
57, 51). . 13,5,
11,8, 8,2, 9,6 . 6,9, 2,6 . 57 . . . (.
2832). 1978. . 59, 4.
52.
.

. , (. 57,
52). . 13,2,
11,7, 8,4, 9,3 . 6,9,
2,2 . 51 . . .
(. 2900). 1978. . 59, 5.
53.
.

. , , . (. 58, 53). . 12,8 ( 13,5),
12,2,
8,5, 9,0 . 6,8, 2,3 . 53 (
60) . . .
(. 2923-?). 1978. . 59, 3.
54.
. . , (. 58,
54). . 12,3,
11,1, 6,8, 8,4 . 5,4,
2,4 . 63 . . .
(. 2848). 1978. . 59, 12.
55. .
, , (.
58, 55). . 13,6, 12,9, 9,0, 10,2 . 7,3,
2,1 . 50 . . .
(. 2897). 1978. . 59, 10.
56.
. .

, , (.
58, 56). . 12,8, 11,8, 8,4, 9,0 . 6,6,
2,2 . 58 . . .
(. 2898). 1978. . 59, 11.
57.
. , .
(. 58, 57). .
13,1, 12,2,
8,2, 9,6 .
6,8, 2,3 .
56 . . . (. 2901). 1978. . 59, 8.
58.
. , .
. (. 58, 58). . 12,4 (
12,6),
11,6, 7,5, 8,8 .
6,3, 2,4 . 50 (
53) . . . (.
2902). 1978. . 59, 9.
59.
. .
, , (.
58, 59). . 13,2, 11,6, 8,8, 8,3 . 6,5,
2,2 . 63 . . .
(. 2912). 1978. . 57, 15.
60.
. , , . (. 58, 60). . 18,0,
15,7,
10,2, 10,0 .
6,5, 2,5 . 78 .
. . (. 2810-?).
1978. . 59, 14.

389

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400

().

(-).

. . =

().

Acta Mold. Merid. = Acta Moldavia Meridionalis. Vaslui.

Arh. Mold. =

Arheologia Moldovei (Iai-Bucureti).

BRGK =

Bericht der Rmisch-Germanischen Kommission (Frankfurt a.M.).

Carpica =

Carpica. Muzeul judeean de Istorie (Bacu).

Cerc. Ist. =

Cercetri Istorice (Iai).

Cult. Civiliza. =

Cultur i Civilizaie la Dunrea de Jos (Clrai).

Dacia =

Dacia. Recherches et decouvertes archeologiques en Roumanie

(Bucureti).

Hierasus =

Hierasus. Muzeul judeean Botoani (Botoani).

Mem. Antiqv. =

Memoria Antiqvitatis. Acta Muzei Petrodavensis (Piatra Neam).

PBF =

Prahistorische Bronztfunde (Munchen).

Pontice (=Pontica) = Pontice. Muzeul de arheologie (Constana).

Stud. Cerc. Ist. Veche
(i Arheologie) =
Studii i cercetri de Istorie Veche (i Arheologie). (Bucureti).
Suceava =

Suceava. Muzeul Bucovinei (Suceava).

Thraco-Dacica =

Thraco-Dacica. Institutul Romn de Tracologie (Bucureti).

401

402

( 7-12; 1-6):
1 ; 2-6 ; 7-12 . (6 .. ).

403

( 13-14, 16-19; 15, 20-27):

13-19 ; 20-27 . (19 . , . ).

404

( 31-34, 36-38; 28-30, 35, 39):

28-30 ; 31 ; 32-33 .; 34 ; 35 ;
36 ; 37 ; 38 .; 39 . (31-33, 39 .. ).

405

( 46-48, 51-52; 40-45, 49-50):

40-45 ; 46 ; 47 ; 48 ; 49-50 ;
51 ; 52 . (47 .. ; 51 . ).

406

( 53-55, 63-64; 56-62):

53-55 .; 56-62 ; 63 ; 64 (56-62 . ).

407

( 66, 68-73; 65, 67, 74-76):

65 ; 66 .; 67-70 .; 71-72 .; 73 ;
74-76 1. (65-66, 76 .. ).

408

( 79-80, 83-91; 77-78, 82):

77 ; 78 ; 79 Sterne Dergisi; 80 Tekirdag; 81 ;
82 Csciorele; 83-84 Casimcea; 85-91 Constana Palas. (78 .. , 79 B. Wanzek, 80 S. Hansen,
82 V. Leahu, G. Trohani, 83-84 G. Simion, 85-91 A. Aricescu).

409

( 92-98; 99-108):
92-96 Constana Palas; 97 Drajna de Jos; 98 Mihai Bravu; 99-105 Nicolae Blcescu;
106-108 Oinacu. (92-96, 99-105 A. Aricescu, 106-108 S. Marinescu-Blcu).

410

( 120; 109-119, 122):

109-119 Oinacu; 120 Sabangia; 121-122 Pietroani. (109-119 S. Marinescu-Blcu,
120 G. Simion, 121-122 V. Leahu).

411

10

( 124-125, 129-130, 134-135;

123, 126-128, 131-133, 136):
123 Ulmi-Liteni; 124-125 Dancu; 126 Rcani; 127 ; 128 ; 129 ;
130 ; 131-132 ; 133 ; 134 , 135-136 Enichioi.
(128 .. , , 131-132 . , 133 E.F. Mayer, 134 H. Born, S. Hansen).

412

11

(: 1-3, 11; B 9-10; 4-6, 13; D 7-8, 12).

1-8 1; 9-13 2.

 12

413

( 16-17, 19, 26; B 14-15, 21, 23-25; 18, 20, 22; 27-28).
14-18 ; 19-20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ;
24 ; 25 ; 26 =; 27-28 1.
(21 -22, 28 .. , 23 Koprivlen, 24 R. Vasi).

414

13

( 29-33; F 35-41).
29, 37 ; 30-31 ; 32, 35-36 ; 33 ; 34 erna;
38-39 1; 40-41 2. (34 G. Simion).

415

14

( 47; B 42, 46; D 45; 43-44).

( 48-52; B 53-56).
42, 48-49, 53 ; 43 ; 44 Cireoia I; 45 Nicolae Blcescu; 46 ; 47 Enichioi;
50 ; 51-52 2; 54 ; 55-56 .

416

15

- (1-3, 8, 15-16). (4-7, 9-13).

1-2 Dancu; 3 Vutcani; 4 Mgura; 5 Ocnia; 6-7 Bucureti muz.; 8 Braov muz; 9 Oinacu;
10-12 Craiova muz.; 13 Suharu; 14 Corlate; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ;
18-19 .?; (3 C. Ghircani, 4 t. Cuco, 9 S. Marinescu-Blcu, 18-19 .. ).

417

16

- (20 , 21, 29-32). (22-28, 33-34).

20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23-25 1; 26-27 2; 28 -29 .;
30-31 ; 32 ; 33 Gornja Bela Recka; 34 Dubravica. (21, 25 .. , 32b . ,
33 R. Vasi, 34 Praistorijski metal).

418

17

(35-45)
35 Dobrinci; 36 Privina Glava; 37 Crkvina; 38 Futog; 39 Palotabozsok; 40 Keszthely; 41 ;
42 Hannover; 43 Urluieni; 44 Cernica; 45 Capaclia

(1-8); (9).
LIST 4 1-2, 9 1; 3-4 2; 5-6 ; 7 Izvoarele; 8 Ulmi-Liteni.
(35 j II, 37 Z. eravica, 39-40 A. Mozsolics, 41 K. Berakovi, 42 U. Binding,
43 T. Soroceanu, E. Lako, 44 .. , 45 A. Aricescu, 7 D. erbnescu, Gh. Trohani).

419

18

(10-16); 1 (17-25).
10, 17-19 1; 11 Cireoia; 12 Crlogani; 13 Gneasa; 14 Sineti; 15 Ploieti; 16,
21-24 ; 20 2; 25 . (12 .. ).

420

19

1
26-27 , 28 ; 29 ; 30 Radovanu ; 31 Izvoru;
32 .; 33 ; 34 ; 35 ; 36 .; 37 .
(28-29, 32, 35 .. , 30 S. Morintz, 31 C. Iscescu, D. Burlacu).

421

20

1 (38); (40, 50); (41-49, 51-56).

38 ; 39 ; 40 =; 41 Mihai Bravu; 42-43 Casimcea; 44 Cernica;
45 Terheti; 46 Blbneti; 47 Blneti; 48 ibucani; 49 Oeleni; 50 Hristici; 51 Chiinu;
52 Tighina-; 53 Comrat; 54 i; 55-56 . (42-43 G. Simion, 49 V. Chirica,
M. Tanasachi, 52 .. , .. , 53 E. Uurelu, A. Nicic, 54 .. i) .

422

21

(57-70)
57-58 ; 59 ; 60 .; 61 ; 62 ;
63 .; 64 ; 65-66 ; 67 ; 68 ;
69 Simonfa; 70 Ploieti;

. (1); (2-5).
1 Nicolae Blcescu; 2 Petreti; 3-4 Logreti-Moteni; 5 . (62 .., 61,
63-66 .. , 67 .. ., 68 .. , , 69 A. Mozsolics,
1 A. Aricescu, 2 M. Bljan, E. Stoicovici).

423

22

(6, 8); 2 (7, 9-21).

6 Cernica; 7 Brdiceti; 8 ; 9-17 1; 18-21 2.
(6 V. Leahu, 7 C. Iconomu).

424

23

2
22-33 2.

425

24

2
34-40 ; 41 =; 42-49 . (41 . , . ).

426

25

2
50 ; 51-52 ; 53 ; 54 ; 55 ; 56 ;
57 ; 58 ; 59 ; 60 ; 61 ; 62 ;
(57 .. , 62 . ).

427

26

2 (63-69); 2B (70-76).
63 2; 64 .; 65 Cerat; 66 Orodel; 67 ; 68 ; 69 ;
70-71 1; 72-76 2. (66 D. Berciu, 69 .. ).

428

27

2B
77 ; 78-82 ; 83 ; 84 .; 85 .
(84 .. , 85 .. ).

429

28

1 ; 2 Vdeni; 3 Botoani muz.; 4 ; 5 .; 6 Dancu;
7 Lozova; 8 ; 9 Techirghiol; 10 Casimcea; 11 Cernica. 12 .
(8 . , 9 A. Aricescu, 10 G. Simion, 11 V. Leahu).

430

29

. 1-4 ; 5-9 ; 10-17 ; 18-19

(5-9 . , 18-19 .. ).

431

30

. 20-21 ; 22-37 (=). (20-21 .. ).

432

31

. 38-54 (=).

433

32

. 55-71 (=).

434

33

. 72-87 (=).

435

34

. 88-105 (=). (102 .. ).

436

35

. 106-135 (=).

437

36

. 136-143 (=); 144-146 ; 147-152 ; 153 ;

154 , (153-154 .. ).

438

37

. 155-163 ; 164 .; 165-177 .

439

38

. 178 ; 179-194 .

440

39

. 195-214 ; 215 ; 216-217 .

441

40

. 218 ; 219-222 .; 223-227 Suvorovo I; 228-231 . I;

232-235 . II. (218, 223-227 .. ).

442

41

. 236-240 . II; 241-244 . III; 245-247 ; 248-250

; 251 Afumai; 252 Brila; 253 Breaza; 254 Bucureti Tei. (251, 254 V. Leahu, 253 M. Roska)

443

42

. 255-275 Constana-Palas. ( M. Irimia)

444

43

. 276-277 Coroteni; 278 Coslogeni; 279 Deni; 280 Dobrogea; 281 Frteti; 282-298
Gura Dobrogei. (278 V. Culic, 279 M. Petrescu-Dmbovia 281 C. Iscescu, D. Burlacu, 282-298 V. Aricescu).

 44

445

. 299-300 Mihai Bravu; 301 Nazarcea; 302 Oltenia-Gumelnia; 303 Pietroiu;

304-316 Stroti. (300 N. Haruche, G. Constantinescu, 301 M. Petrescu-Dmbovia, 302 D. erbnescu,
G. Trohani, 303 M. Irimia, 304-316 I. Motzoi-Chicideanu, D. Lihardopol).

446

45

. 317-347 Stroti. ( I. Motzoi-Chicideanu, D. Lihardopol).

447

46

. 348-350 Chiinu; 351-365 Dancu.

448

47

. 366-383 Dancu.

449

48

. 384-401 Dancu.

450

49

. 402-405 Dancu; 406-419 Enichioi; 420-422 IV; 423 .;

424 . (406-408 .. ).

 50

451

. 425 ; 426 ; 427 -; 428-440 .

452

51

. 441-443 , 444 . Drajna/. 1 Cndeti; 2 Crligu Mare;

3-12 Drajna de Jos, (444 . , 2 M. Petrescu-Dmbovia).

453

52

Drajna/. 13-28 Drajna de Jos.

454

53

. 29-44 Drajna de Jos. (43-44 I. Andrieescu 1925).

 54

455

. 45-57 Drajna de Jos, 58-61 Guteria II (45-55 I. Andrieescu 1925, 58-61 .. ).

456

55

. 62-64 Guteria II, 65 Iugani; 66-68 Mangalia; 69-70 Negreti; 71-79 Nicolae Blcescu.
(62-63 M. Petrescu-Dmbovia, 64 .. , 65 V. Bobi, 71-79 A. Aricescu).

457

56

. 80-82 Olteni; 83 Putreda; 84 igneti; 85 Zebil;

86 Cetatea de Balt, 87 Palotabozsok, 88 .
. 1 ; 2 Iai (Dorobanu); 3 Orevia Mare; 4 .; 5-8 plnaca II.
(80-82 A. Alexandrescu, 83 C. Iscescu, 84 A. Florescu, 85 S. Alinci, A. Ignat, 86 R. Botond,
87 .. , 2,5 M. Petrescu-Dmbovia, 6-8 H. Dumitrescu).

458

57

. 9-35 1.

459

58

. 36-60 1.