-,

,
-
.
,
, -. ,
.
:
e-mail: Inna.Starikova@mobicomk.ru
tel: +7 928 201 0152
:
e-mail: roman.kh@mail.ru
tel: +7 928 240 0011

- | 1 | -

2004 .

:
.

NMT450
AMPS
DAMPS
GSM 900
GSM 1800
CDMA











,
()

- | 2 | -

6
7
7
9
9
10
11
11
11
12
12
13
15
15
17
18
19
19
19
21
21
22
22
23
23
25
25

PDH ( )
SDH ( )


GSM

GSM
GMSK
GSM
GSM

o BTS, BSC
o MSC
o HLR
o VLR
SIM-

, ITU-T
o G.711
o G.723.1
o G.729
, ETSI
o FR (Full Rate)
o HR (Half Rate)
o EFR (Enhanced Full Rate)

GSM




- | 3 | -

25
26
26
27
27
27
27
28
29
32
32
32
34
35
35
35
37
40
41
41
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42
43
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44
45
45
45
45
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
50
51
51
51
51
52
53
54

 SS-7
SS-7

GSM



,




()
- (PMP) WALKair
- ()

o
o
DSL
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL DSL)
DSL-Lite
HDSL (High-bit-rate DSL DSL )
VDSL (Very high-bit-rate DSL DSL
)
SDSL (Symmetric DSL DSL)
RADSL (Rate-Adaptive DSL DSL )
IDSL (ISDN DSL)
GSM
(Tele Services)
(Bearer Services)
(Supplementary Services)
(Network Functions)
GSM

o SMS
o EMS
o USSD
o MMS

o WAP
o
o

o CSD
o HSCSD

o GPRS

- | 4 | -

54
55
55
56
56
58
58
60
61
62
62
64
64
65
66
66
66
68
68
69
69
70
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
72
72
73
73
73
74
74
75
75
75
76
77
77
77
77
77
78

 (Voice Mail)
IVR,
GSM




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GSM
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,

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o
o ATM

. ,

.

. ,

- | 5 | -

78
79
80
80
80
80
81
82
85
85
86
87
87
87
88
88
88
89
89
89
90
91
92
93
93
94
94
94
94
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96
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97
98
99
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450 . 1981
,
- . 1983 ,
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AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service).
1992 .
,
NMT-450. ,
AMPS/DAMPS .
1996 ,
GSM-900 .
, 90-
, : NMT-450 (), AMPS\DAMPS
() GSM-900 ().
,
.
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.
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Land Mobile Telephone System)
.
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170 - .
FPLMTS 1980-2010 2170-2200 2010 .

(ISO)
, (OSI Open Systems
Interconnection) TCP/IP.

- .
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- | 8 | -

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, .

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.
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DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile hone Service) -
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, 1993 . . 825 - 890 .

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- | 11 | -

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GSM (Global System for Mobile communications -
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Code Division Multiple Access (IS-95) -
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- | 12 | -

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- | 14 | -




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(International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Services
Sector, ITU-T). , - ,

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Telephony CCITT). - ITU.
ITU-T
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) (..
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ECTF ITU-T).
ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association
- )

- | 15 | -

 . ECMA CSTA.

(ISO, International Standardization

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- | 16 | -

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ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute), 1990
GSM. 1991
, 1993 22 36
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, 1995 10 !
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.
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), 935-960 (

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200

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200
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.
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- | 17 | -

13 (6,5 Half Rate) /

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- | 18 | -

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- | 19 | -

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- | 20 | -



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- | 21 | -

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- | 22 | -

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G.729A ( ITU-T 1995).
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- | 23 | -

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- | 29 | -

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- | 32 | -


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- | 33 | -

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- | 35 | -

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Asymmetric DSL DSL
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High- bit -rate DSL
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VDSL
Very high- bit -rate speed DSL
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Symmetric DSL
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RADSL
Rate-Adaptive DSL DSL

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ISDN DSL

(/)

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- | 36 | -

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. , ..
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( 5.5 )
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(0.3 1.3 ).
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DSL-. ,
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- | 37 | -

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(Supplementary Services) (Network Functions).
, GSM (GSM Association), ,
ETSI TS GSM.
(Tele Services)
:

/-
/-

/ 3
3

- | 38 | -

GSM 02.03
GSM 02.03
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GSM 02.03, 03.45

 (Bearer Services)
:

/
,

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GSM 02.02

(Supplementary Services)
GSM
. :

-
,
,









-

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GSM 02.83
GSM 02.83
GSM 02.84
GSM 02.86, 0.24
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GSM 02.81
GSM 02.81
GSM 02.81
GSM 02.88, 03.88
GSM 02.85
GSM 02.72
GSM 02.91
GSM 02.95
GSM 02.87

(Network Functions)

CAMEL I
CAMEL II
CAMEL III

II
II+
I

II

- | 39 | -

GSM 09.02
GSM 02.78, 03.78
GSM 02.78, 03.78
GSM 03.12, 09.02
GSM 02.41, version 4.5.2, GSM 03.15
GSM 02.41, 03.15
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GSM 02.90, 03.90

 ,
GSM.

GSM

SMS


. 90-
. (ETSI).
,

SMS (Short Message Service ) GSM,
, CDMA, D-AMPS PDC.
SMS (
) .
,
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. (
) ,
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, .
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() , ,
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- | 40 | -

 SIM- .
, MSC SMSC ,
, .
,
SMSC,
.

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Message Service CBSMS).
(Broadcast Control
Channel - BCCH). BCCH,
(BSC) .
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,
.
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EMS (Extended Message System) - ,
(
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USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Services Data
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), , , . USSD
GSM-. ,
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USSD :
,

GSM,
,
.
USSD GSM
- | 41 | -

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SMS-.
. USSD, SMS,
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, ,
(.. , ) ,
.
USSD
,
2-4 .
USSD :

: USSD ,
, .. ,
.

USSD ,
SMS.

USSD- . SIM-
( ).

, SMS USSD ,
. USSD GSM-,

( -).
,
, . .
MMS
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service)
, ,
, , , ,
.
, SMS: ,
WAP (. ). MMS SMS
USSD, ,
WAP. MMS ,
WAP.

WAP
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol - ) -
( ,
WAP )
. WAP Forum (www.wapforum.org)
- | 42 | -

 ,
.
, , .
, WAP.
, , WAP:
. - , .
- .. ,
, .
, ,
, . :
.
,
WML(Wireless Markup Language - ),
( HTML, DHTML, XML ..)
WML,
( ).
. .
( POP3 IMAP) HTTP ( , web-).
. (,
). IP-,
,
. ,
, ,
(ISO/OSI).
. , WAP
, ,
ICQ-, FTP SSH, .. , WAP
.
WAP ( , HTTP
, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, Telnet, SSH, AIM,
Jabber ..):

- | 43 | -

 ,
, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ),
, WAP- , .. WAP,
. , ,
.

WAP-,
, ,
. .. , WAP,
WML-.

GSM
, .. .
, ,
, .

WAP. ,

.
CSD
CSD (Circuit Switch Data ) ,
WAP- GSM-.
. 14400 /,
9600 /.
HSCSD
HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data
) CSD,
28800-57600 /. , HSCSD
, -,
. HSCSD
-
. ,
.
- | 44 | -

GPRS
, , ,
. CSD ,
, .
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service - )
,
171.2 /,
30-40 /.
, GPRS ..
, , ,
, IP- .
GPRS , ,
.
, ,
GPRS- . .. GPRS
, , , .
GPRS-:

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node GPRS) ,

GPRS- .
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node - GPRS) - ,
GPRS- .

(Voice Mail)
GSM
, , .
, .
Voice Mail`
.

Call Center
Call Center ,
, ,
,
. Call Center` ,
- | 45 | -

, , .
Call Center :

( "")

Call Center



( Call Center)

, , Call Center

"" Call Center ,

,
(), (IVR Interactive Voice
Response) .
Call Center
, ,
, .
IVR,
IVR (Interactive Voice Response )

,
(, ) . IVR`
, ..
. IVR ,
, , . IVR
Call Center`, : Call Center`
, IVR
,
Call Center`.

GSM

- | 46 | -

 GSM
. ,
GSM.


6 :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

- (low end)
(middle range)
, (outdoors)
- (business class)
- (fashion models)
,

- ,
.
- , EMS
GPRS, .

, , - . ,
, ..
.
,
-,
. Siemens ME45.

GSM : 1-
20 ,
, 0.8 (. ).
4 2 .
GSM 1800 (. ).

GSM 900:

1
2
3
4

,
20
8
5
2
- | 47 | -

0.8
GSM 1800:

1
2

,
1
0.25

-
()

()

-
()

,

. ,

(, Bluetooth) .
,
( ,
, .).
- (RAM), ( , EEPROM)
-.
- | 48 | -


SIM- .
, SMS-, .. ( . SIM).
GSM

(.. ),
,
.
, SIM-
.

GSM
.
. SIM- (
(?) ),

.

. SIM-
,
. ,
, .
.
GSM ,
SIM-.
(RadioFrequency, RF)
(BaseBand, BB) .
IQ- (In-phase, Quadrature).
IQ- ()
, .
.
-
, .
,
, ,
,
.
( ) ,
, , ,
.
(
- | 49 | -

 ) (
), ,
.
().
13 26 .
,
,
() .
-
, , , (UART, IrDA), SIM,
, .
.
( 20 ),
13 / (
260 ).
, LCPLTP-RPE-. , GSM-
.

.
12,5% ,
900 1800 .
, , " " ( ),
( ).

(0,3 GMSK).
.
GMSK
( ) -
, .
,

DTX (Discontinuous Transmission) - .
, VAD (Voice Activated Detector) -
, , . VAD
,
.

- | 50 | -


,
.
GSM . GSM
, ,
-.

, .

.
, .
,
.

.
45315.5 .
,
- , -
4531
3.2.
,
, .
.
(pick-and-place machine)
.
0402 10.5,

0201
0.60.3.

.

,
- | 51 | -

 ETSI TS 151 0101,

. ,
, ,
. ,

.
().
,
.

.

,
.
GSM

. ,
: , GSM-,
GSM , /
. !
, GSM
, . ,
.
, .
*#06# - IMEI ( )
**04*_PIN1*_PIN1*_PIN1# - PIN1-
**042*_PIN2*_PIN2*_PIN2# - PIN2-
**05*PUK1*_PIN1*_PIN1# - PIN1- (
)
**05*PUK2*_PIN2*_PIN2# - PIN2- (
)
*#33# -
*#331# -

*#332# -
,
*#351# -
*#43# -
*43*# -
*30*# - ,

*31#_ -

#31#_ -

- | 52 | -

*#31# -
, GSM

: Nokia, Siemens, Ericcson Sony .
Nokia
*#0000# -
*#92702689# -
Siemens
*#0000# -
*#0606# SIM , SP-lock`
(Service Provider lock
GSM-, -
Unbarred , SP-lock )
Ericcson
>*<<*<* - (< > - )
<000000> -
<**< - Network Lock
Sony
*#6664867# - NetMonitor
*#7465625# -
*#7533273# *#8377466# -

- (NiCad)
- , .
.
500-1000 . -
.

. , ,
, . , ,
, .
- ,
.
.
-
. , , ,
- | 53 | -

, .
,
.
. :
( , ),
.
.
-

.
- (Ni-MH)
- Ni-MH.
.
-
.
- , -
,
.
-
( 500) .
, -
, .
- .

- (Li-Ion)
- .
,
. , .
,
. ,
.
- ,
.
- (Li-Pol)

.
.
- ,
,
.

. , ,
.
,
- | 54 | -

 .
- ,
. , ,
.

,
,
.
,
.

,
, , , , .
, ,
.

,
,
.
, ,
,
, .
, ,
,
, , ( )
.
,
, ,
, ..
.
,

,
,
20 .
:
o
20
o
o ,

o ,

- | 55 | -


,
.
.

, .

.

,
. .

,
, , ..
, ,
, !

, .
GSM
- .
GSM - ,

, , .
GSM -
.

GSM - .

GSM - ,
, ,
- | 56 | -


.
-
.
-
.

GSM , ,
,
, , .

GSM :

( , );

- (BTS);

(BSC);

(MSC);

(EIR) ;

(AUC) - -;

(HLR) ;

(VLR) ;

.

.
.

, ,
,
, ..
- | 57 | -

 .

, , :

,
;

AUC, HLR, VLR;

,
;

, ;

, ,
- :

,
( ,

, ,
);

( );

SIM- ( )
();

,
( , , );

- | 58 | -

,
;

GSM;

()

;

, ;

,
;

GSM;

, ;

,
, ;

- | 59 | -


(Fraud , ) -
, .

Access Fraud- -
.
.
;
" ", "
", .
Stolen Phone Fraud ( ) -
, -
. , , ,
. - ,
- ,
.
Subscription Fraud ( ) ,
,
.
, ,
. -
, ,
, " " .
Technical Fraud ( )
, ,
. , SIM- (
GSM) ( ),
( ). ,
.

2001 ,
- GSM,
GSM-900,

GSM.
. ,
-
. -
,
.
- | 60 | -

 .
GSM
().
- ,
.
(2001-2003) 23.
,
2003
GSM
.
, GSM ,
, . .


( ).

.
,
, GSM.
, -
,
,
GSM.

.
( GSM-K)
()

, .
GSM-K
( ) ).
, .
GSM-K ,
SIM .
.

.

(CSD, HSCSD, GPRS),
, , ,
Wireless LAN (WLAN);
GSM , , . ,
10 ,
.

- | 61 | -

 , , UMTS.
, :
, , 60-
,
,


. 90-
,
,
, , .
. ,
100 ! ,
.
. ,
, GPRS CSD.

, STN-:
. ,
,
. :
, , , -
GPRS-. ,
,
. - ,
, ,
.
!
roman.kh@mail.ru.

:
1. : 3 , 1
( . ., . ., . .) //
, , 2003;
2. 2- . ( ) // , , 2001;
3. ( . .) // -,
, 2003;
4. . ( . .,
..) // , , 2000;
5. ( . ., . .) // , 2002;
- | 62 | -

6. ( . ., . ., ., .) //
, , 2001;
7. . ( ., ., .,
.) // -, -, 2003;
8. . . ( . ) //
, -, 2002;
9. (.) // , ,
2000;
10. ( , ) // ,
-XXI, 2002;
11. ( .., ..,
..) // , -, 2002
12. GSM System Survey // Ericsson Radio System AB, 1998;
13. . .. // ,
, 1984;
14. . .. // ,
, 1984;
-:

http://ixbt.com
http://3dnews.ru
http://osp.ru
http://sotovichok.h10.ru
http://berkut.ru
http://netracer.h11.ru
http://www.tayle.com
http://www.mobicomk.ru

- | 63 | -