62 R 1 / 2010

KAK?
ynpaeneuue nepcouanor HHCTPYMEHTb
Bacaaaaa Ipa4eaxo,
cneuua:ucm nc
vnae:euum neccua:c+
(Kuee, Yrauua)
Oatra Haaropoea,
cneuua:ucm nc
vnae:euum neccua:c+
(Kuee, Yrauua)
Do pauumu nccnepoeaunn, npoeepeu-
uoro e 2007 ropy ekcnep1aun The Eco-
nomist Intelligence Unit (auann1nuec-
koe noppaspeneune ae1opn1e1uoro
pn1auckoro mypuana The Economist),
uenoeeueckn ak1op rnaeum ns
pnckoe, yrpomamnx kpynumu kou-
naunnu. Yep o1 uero uome1 m1s
onsme, ueu o1 peny1anouumx npo-
neu nnn nonn1nuecknx pnckoe, npnueu
npepo1epa1n1s yxop co1pypunkoe
nopo nou1n 1ak me cnomuo, kak sa-
n1n1scn o1 1eppopnsua
A
nainnkn Eccncmist Intelligence
Unit onena, no onpomennte
pykoro(nein 218n konnannn
ns cpan Asnn, Arcpainn, Cerepnon
Anepnkn n 3ana(non Erpont cpe(n ki
nertx pnckor nasrain cie(ymne:
ne(ocaonnan krainqnkannn pa
0onnkor,
npo0iena sanent captx ka(por
nortnn,
yxo( oco0o nenntx copy(nnkor.
Cie(crnen neionitnocn nene(e
por no npo(aan noe cat ncme
r:ueumce, yroitnenne cepnqnnnporan
ntx cnennaincor riene sa co0on cnc:
uume:iuoe samamo ua cv:euue, a r ca
non ne0iaronpnnnon ciynae (ae
ncmem rc+nauue cmamvca (nanpnnep,
cayca napnepa Micrcsc/t n np.) n cuu
euue ee rcurveumccncccuccmu.
Eme o(na sona pncka npn yroitnennn
copy(nnkor vme:ra/ncme uuc+a
uuu. o oco0enno rano r ciynae ros
nonoro yroitnennn copy(nnkor, pa
0oamnx c konqn(ennnaitnon nnqop
nannen kinenor.


63 R 1 / 2010

Bosnontn ymep0 yreinnnraecn,

ecin pent n(e o0 yxo(e kinertx co
py(nnkor rtcokokrainqnnnporan
ntx, o0ia(amnx ynnkaitntnn kon
neennnnnn nin nrinmnxcn in(epann
koiieknra. 3anena aknx cnennainc
or nornnkann noe o0pocnt kon
nann nasa(.
Ynentmnt nocie(crnn ka(portx
noept nono sa cne:
nocpoennn 5qqeknrnon opra
nnsannonnon cpykypt,
paspa0okn (encrennon cncent
nnqopnannonnon 0esonacnocn,
sakinennn ne(y konnannnnn
konkypenann (enitnencknx coria
mennn o nenepenannrannn copy(nn
kor n np.
O(nako n (in konnannn, r koopon
onncant sont orecrennocn ka(o
ro pa0onnka, nnemen no(roorien
ntn ka(portn pesepr n oiaenny
oprannsannonny cpykypy, yxo( ki
neroro cnennainca (a en 0oiee neio
ro no(pas(eiennn) canorncn ceptesnon
npo0ienon. Onern(no, no noinoct
sacpaxoratcn o aknx noept neros
nono. Ten ne nenee, ect pn( neo(or,
nosroinmnx onennt cenent roor
nocn copy(nnkor ynn ns konnannn,
a ake (narnocnporat ocnornte npn
nnnt rosnonoro yroitnennn. O(nn ns
aknx neo(or nt xonn npe(carnt
rnnnann koiier5nnapor.
B ocnore (narnocnkn pnckor yroit
nennn ien konniekcnoe nccie(ora
nne vce:emeceuuccmu neccua:a. O0
mnn napanep y(orieropennoct no
e rkinat r ce0n cie(ymne acnekt:
kanecro ynpariennn na iokait
non yporne (nenocpe(crenntn pykoro
(neit) n r konnannn r neion,
co(epanne rtnoinnenon pa0ot,
pa0onan narpyska,
oniaa py(a n cncena nonrannn,
qnsnneckne yciornn py(a,
kanecro n noiesnoct o0ynennn,
rosnonocn (in npoqeccnonait
noro pasrnnn n kaptepnoro poca,
rsannoonomennn r koiiekn
re n . n.
Onern(no, no copy(nnkn c rtcokon
cenent y(orieropennocn 0y(y ne
nee nacpoent na yroitnenne
1
. H nao
0opo: c pocon ne(oroitcra i(en
cnnaecn o0man 5qqeknrnoct nx
(eneitnocn n na(enoct r kpnsnc
ntx cnyannnx, a snann rospaca
ka(porte pnckn n crnsannte c nnnn
noepn.
Hponecc (narnocnkn nono pas
0nt na netpe 5ana:
I. Paspaovxa (aaraocva4ecxoro aacv
pyweava. ocaonno npoctn, 0tcptn
n nannenee pecypcosapantn neo(on
c0opa nnqopnannn nrinecn auremuc
eauue ccmvuurce (c ncnoitsorannen
can(apnsnporanntx 0iankor n npone
(yp o0pa0okn (anntx). Hpn no(roorke
1
Cn. cat H. Ipa0ckon Tnnt ionitnocn nep
conaia n qakopt ee qopnnporannn, MH 2,
2008.
anket (in c0opa nnennn neo0xo(nno
co0i(at pn( pe0orannn:
Ankea (oina 0tt cneuua:iuc
no(rooriennon (in ncnoitsorannn r
rcuremuc ceauusauuu e rcuremuo ne
uc ee+euu. Hpn paspa0oke ronpocor
o0nsaeitno nyno ynntrat cqepy (en
eitnocn konnannn, oco0ennocn kop
nopanrnon kyitypt n (pyrne nanct.
Toitko r akon ciynae ankea cane pa
0onnn nncpynenon 5nnapa, nosroin
mnn noiynnt akyaitny nnqopnann.
Hpn peryinpnon npore(ennn nc
cie(orannn y(orieropennocn qopny
inporkn ocnorntx ronpocor (oint
ocaratcn nensnenntnn. o (ac ros
nonoct npocie(nt (nnannky ono
mennn copy(nnkor k ocnorntn qako
pan, onpe(einmnn yporent y(oriero
pennocn, a ake rtnrnt en(ennnn
nsnenennn y(orieropennocn.
B ankey cie(ye rkinat kak sa
romoe, ak n cmromoe ronpoct
2
. O
ret na okptte ronpoct pe0y
0oitme rpenenn, nx cionee n (oitme
o0pa0atrat n anainsnporat. O(nako
ecin nccie(oranne nporo(ncn rneprte
in0o ne (ocaonnon cancnneckon
0ast (in cos(annn nnnnntx rapnanor
oreor, o nnenno pasrepnyte okin
kn pecnon(enor nosroin nocpont
(epero npo0ien, rtnrnt npnnnnt
rosnnknorennn cionocen r pa0oe n
onennt rosnonte nocie(crnn. Hpn
cocariennn anket rano c0aiancnpo
rat sakptte n okptte ronpoct,
a ake ocarnt noin (in konnenapn
er copy(nnkor nin nenpe(ycnopen
ntx rapnanor orea.
O(na ns rantx (onoinneitntx
neien nccie(orannn cnee:euue uc
rce vxca rcuremuox cneuua:ucmce, no
5ony ono ne noe 0tt anonnnntn.
Hockoitky r nororon onee nyno
npnro(nt qanninn copy(nnkor n yka
strat konkpente npnnnnt nx ney(or
ieropennocn, ranon cocarinmen
ycnemnoro npoeka nrinecn (orepne
pa0onnkor k croeny innennony nene(
epy n cnennaincy no nepconaiy.
II. Opaovxa a aaaaas pesyatvavoe.
Hpn npore(ennn nccie(orannn y(orie
ropennocn copy(nnkan npe(iaraioct
rt0pat o(nn ns rapnanor orea (in
ka(oro ns ronpocor anket. Hpn o0pa
0oke nnqopnannn ka(ony ns rapnan
or oreor npncranraecn onpe(eien
ntn 0aii, opaamnn cenent y(orie
ropennocn nin ney(orieropennocn
pecnon(ena (npnnep onenkn oreor
cn. r ma:uue 1).
Onenka ka(oro rapnana orea
(no ka(ony ronpocy) r 0aiiax ycanar
inraecn rpynnon 5kcnepor r sarncn
nocn o cenenn ero neranrnocnfno
snnrnocn. B ma:uue 2 npe(carient
npnnept ronpocor, rapnant oreor
n nx onenka r 0aiiax.
in ka(oro copy(nnka no(cnnt
raecn cynna 0aiior no rcen rt0pan
ntn nn orean. Anains norortx 0aiior
(no o(eitntn no(pas(eiennnn n no
konnannn r neion) nosroine rt(eint
pn ocnorntx rpynnt onenok (sont):
1. Kpacaaa soaa rpynna pncka,
r nee nona(a copy(nnkn, nen noro
rtn 0aii paren nyi nin nentme nyin.
Ha snanneitnoe koinnecro ronpocor
anket onn (ain neranrnte oret,
no crn(eeitcrye o ceptesnon ne
y(orieropennocn pa0oon.

HR-
64 R 1 / 2010
2
3akpttn ronpoc npe(iarae pecnon(eny ait
epnanrt oreor, okpttn ne (ae kaknxin0o
rapnanor, a npe(iarae (at co0crenntn ore.
2. 3eaeaaa soaa r nee nona(a
copy(nnkn, na0parmne rtcoknn noro
rtn 0aii. Onn orenin nosnnrno na
0oitmnncro ronpocor, cie(oraeit
no y(orieropent ocnornon nact
pa0onnx qakopor. Beponnoct yxo(a
aknx copy(nnkor nereinka, (in 5oro
nynt reckne npnnnnt. Ipannnt se
ienon sont nory sa(aratcn r sarncn
nocn o konkpentx neien nccie(ora
nnn. Hanpnnep, ona noe rkinat
30 o nakcnnyna (cn. uc 1).
3. eavaa soaa k nen onocn co
py(nnkor, ne nonarmnx nn r kpacny,
nn r seieny sont. Onn ne (enoncpn
py oco0on ney(orieropennocn, no
nx ionitnoct ne(ocaonno rtcoka.
Take r 5y sony nory nonact copy(
nnkn, koopte ne(ocaonno (orepn
eitno onecinct k nccie(orann n npn
rt0ope oreor ckionninct k nen
paitntn nin nennqopnanrntn. B a
kon ciynae rosnnkae neo0xo(nnoct
nporecn (onoinneitnoe yriy0iennoe
nccie(oranne.
Ho pesyitaan ankenporannn nt
noen npopannporat copy(nnkor,
nonarmnx r rpynny pncka. Conoca
rnr 5o cnncok co cnnckon kine
rtxfnan0oiee nenntx cnennaincor
konnannn
3
, nono npe(rapneitno rt
(eint ex copy(nnkor, nen yxo( nan
0oiee reponen nfnin parnannen
(in 0nsneca.

HR-
65 R 1 / 2010
Tan. 1. Oeuka ypoene1eopeuuoc1n pecnoupeu1a
Oeuka
(e annax)
Kpn1epn emopa
3oua
ypoene1eopeuuoc1n
+2
Oteett neuo ceupetentcteymt o npueepweuuoctu
cotpypuuka kornauuu
Btcoku koropt/
nonntuoctt
+1 Oteett nokasteamt ypoeneteopeuuoctt Koropt, nonntuoctt
0
Ycnoeuo nosutueute oteett
Oteett, kotopte rowuo otuectu k uetpantutr
Oteett, ue uecyuue uuoprauuu
Hesauutepecoeauuoctt,
espasnuuue, otcytct-
eue uuoprauuu
1
Pecnoupeut ucnttteaet corueuun
e ypoeneteopeuuoctu pauutr aktopor
Heyeepeuuoctt
2 Heratueute oteett Heypoeneteopeuuoctt
3
Oteett pesko ueratueute, uto ceupetentcteyet
o uesauutepecoeauuoctu cotpypuuka e ceoe
paote u/unu kornauuu
Kputuuuan cteneut
ueypoeneteopeuuoctu
3
Meo(nky onpe(eiennn kinertx cnennaincor
nt s(ect ne 0y(en paccnapnrat, 5o o(eitnan o0
mnpnan ena.
Pnc. 1. Bosuomuan kounrypann
ypoene1eopeuuoc1n co1pypunkoe
Bonpoc Bapnau1m o1ee1a
Oeuka
(e annax)
Oyae1cn nn e Bameu
noppaspeneunn esanuo-
nouos, noppepmka
konner?
ja, rt paotaer kak opua koraupa +1
Ypoeeut noppepwku ypoeneteoputentut,
npu ueoxopuroctu rowuo nonyuutt norout
0
Het, y uac kawpt car sa cen 2
Hackonsko Bac ypoene1-
eopne1 onna1a 1pypa?
Yctpaueaet nonuocttm +1
Yctpaueaet uactuuuo 1
He yctpaueaet -2
Hackonsko Bac yc1pan-
eae1 pec1eyman e
Bameu noppaspeneunn
cnc1eua uo1neann?
Yctpaueaet nonuocttm +1
Yctpaueaet uactuuuo 1
He yctpaueaet 2
Pao1an e kounaunn,
uyec1eye1e nn Bm
yeepeuuoc1s e
sae1pamueu pue?
ja, n uyecteym, uto kornauun u roe recto
e ue ctauntut
+1
B ocuoeuor, pa 0
Het, ue uyecteym 2
3atpypunmct oteetutt 1
Kak Bm nonarae1e, npns-
uam1cn nn Bamn ycnexn
n poc1nmeunn e pao1e?
ja +1
Hpusuamtcn uactuuuo (ue nonuocttm) 0
Het 2
Docoee1ye1e nn Bm
ceonu ppyssnu npn1n
e kounaunm, ecnn ysuae-
1e, u1o oun ny1 pao1y?
ja, esycnoeuo +1
3atpypunmct oteetutt 1
Het 2
Kakoem Bamn
nnmamne nnaum,
censauume c
kounaune?
R paccuutteam cpenatt kaptepy, pouttcn
ycnexa, oecneuutt ceo npoeccuouantut
poct u narococtonuue
+1
R paotam e kornauuu tontko po tex nop,
noka ue uapy ppyrym paoty
2
Y reun uet onpepeneuutx nnauoe
otuocutentuo paott e ato kornauuu
1
R ue xouy uukakux nepereu, ypy paotatt
ua roe utueuue ponwuoctu kak rowuo
pontue
+2
R ue nnauupym yeontunttcn us kornauuu, uo
ecnu noctynut uutepecuoe npepnoweuue ot
ppyroro paotopatenn, paccrotpm ero
1
R rotoe creuutt recto paott 3
3aeucut ot nnauoe kornauuu, kotopte rue
ueuseectut
0

HR-
66 R 1 / 2010
Tan. 2. Dpnuepm eonpocoe, eapnau1oe o1ee1oe n nx oeukn
III. Havepetapoeaaae. Ocnornte
npnnnnt ney(orieropennocn nono
onpe(eint, npoanainsnporar oret
copy(nnkor na ronpoct anket. O(nako
ecin (in npnnnnn ynpariennecknx peme
nnn nyna (onoinneitnan nnqopna
nnn, pekonen(yecn nporecn uumeeim
uceauue kinertx copy(nnkor n nx
nenocpe(crenntx pykoro(neien.
Hneprtnporanne 5o nn(nrn
(yaitnan pa0oa cnennainca no nep
conaiy c kinertnn copy(nnkann,
nonarmnnn r rpynny pncka. Cpyk
ypnporannoe nneprt nosroin rtn
rnt npnnnnt ney(orieropennocn
oro nin nnoro neioreka, naia(nt c
nnn innntn konak. Bonpoct (in nn
eprt cie(ye maeitno paspa0at
rat c yneon ye noiynennon nn
qopnannn o0 yporne y(orieropennocn
konkpenoro neioreka.
IV. Pesyatvavm. Ho sarepmennn pex
5anor (narnocnnecknx neponpnnnn
cnennainc no nepconaiy roorn cec
uo cm:em nc ncermv, r kooptn rxo
(n anainnneckne naepnait, onen
ka pnckor yroitnennn r paspese no(pas
(eiennn, n o(eitnte cm:emo nc nce
ucsa+ :c:iuccmu konkpentx copy(
nnkor.
O0mnn one no no(pas(eienn co
(epn cro(nte (annte o0 yporne y(or
ieropennocn copy(nnkor na ocnore
anainsa nnqopnannn, noiynennon ns
anke. Ha nam rsrin(, iynme rcero npe(
carint o0o0menny nnqopnann
rpaqnneckn, (onoinnr ee konnenapnn
nn (cn. uc 2 n 3).

HR-
67 R 1 / 2010
Pnc. 2. Ypoeeus paoue uarpyskn
(cauooeuka no pauumu auke1npoeaunn, 48 pecnoupeu1oe)
Pnc. 2. Pnck yxopa co1pypunkoe ns kounaunn
Hnqopnann o copy(nnkax, naxo
(nmnxcn r kpacnon n seienon so
nax, oe noiesno npe(carint r rn(e
a0innt nin (narpannt. K anainnne
ckon sanncke o0 yporne ionitnocn
copy(nnkor no(pas(eiennn (nponen
noe coonomenne ionitntx, nenpait
ntx n neionitntx) cie(ye npniarat
cnncok copy(nnkor, rtcpoenntn r
nopn(ke y0trannn pncka yxo(a c yka
sannen ne y(orieropnmnx nx acnek
or (npnnep no(o0noro pannporan
noro cnncka cn. ma: 3).
Hocie anainsa corokynnon nnqop
nannn nono npncynat k paspa0oke
konniekca konkpentx nep, nanparien
ntx na ycpanenne kpnnnecknx qako
por n y(epanne r konnannn copy(nn
kor rpynnt pncka (oco0enno kine
rtx n nenntx cnennaincor).
Hccie(oranne y(orieropennocn, r
koopon aknen (eiaecn na rtnrienne
npnnnn rosnonoro yxo(a copy(nnkor
n anains nocie(crnn, (ae pykoro(n
ei pasrepnyy kapnny na(enoc
n ranenmero aknra konnannn.

HR-
68 R 1 / 2010
Tan. 3. Pnckn yxopa knmueemx cnenannc1oe
(ceoput auanus no aktopar ueypoeneteopeuuoctu)
Kc++eumauu B koionke Hen nnenno ne y(orieropen copy(nnk ykasant
qakopt, koopte neiorek onenni nakcnnaitno neranrno. Honnno 5nx qako
por ynntrainct oret, xapakepnsymne neionitnoct, a ake ore na ronpoc
o 0inanmnx nianax.
Kpacuan soua
(emcokn ypoeeus ue-
ypoene1eopeuuoc1n)
Heu nueuuo ueypoene1eopeu co1pypunk
Rkoeeuko A. B. ypoeeut uarpysku; onnata tpypa; cuctera rotueauuu
Heouoe H. M. ypoeeut uarpysku; yukuuouan; couuantut naket
Kystreuko P. A. cuctera rotueauuu
Mentuuueuko E. K. onnata tpypa; cuctera rotueauuu; ncuxonoruuecku knurat
Eoupapt B. A. onnata tpypa; cuctera rotueauuu; ncuxonoruuecku knurat
-eputx B. H. yukuuouan; onnata tpypa; cuctera rotueauuu
3eneuan soua
(emcokn ypoeeus ypoene1eopeuuoc1n)
4.H.O.
Maxuo P. B.
Fpuueuko H. E.
Hpurapa B. F.
Ctenaueuko H. B.
Rtent K. H.
Tyrauoea A. B.