UNIT-I INTRODUCTION WEB SERVICES Part A- 2 Marks 1. What are Web services?

A web service is a software application identified by a URI, whose interface and bindings are capable of being identified, described and discovered by XML artifacts and supports direct interactions with other software applications using XML based messages via Internet-based protocols. 2. Define Late Binding? With service-based development, services are usually components wrapped in a service layer. A service tends to aggregate multiple components into a single interface and is thus coarser-grained. Also the consumer of a service does not know the location or the interface of the service until runtime. This is called late binding. 3. Tell about Web service technology stack. Web service technology stack includes Service Transport Service Messaging Service Description Service Registry Service composition Standard Messaging. 4. What is the function of Service Transport? The main function of service transport is to transfer data from one machine to another. This is the protocol for the transmission of data for web services. Web services use multiple transports to transfer data from service to service- including but not limited to HTTP, SMTP, and FTP. 5. Give the aspects of Service description. The service description specifies three aspects of the service. Operations the service has made available Messages the service will accept The protocol to which the consumer must bind to access the service. 6. Define UDDI. Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is a web service itself that supports a standard set of services that allow a web service consumer to dynamically discover and locate the description for a web service. The web service provider and web service consumer use SOAP and HTTP to publish and retrieve information about services in the registry. UDDI supports two types of conversations. The service provider uses the UDDI directory to publish information about the web services it supports.

The web service consumer sends SOAP-formatted XML messages over HTTP to the UDDI directory, to retrieve a listing of web services that match its criteria.

7. Define Service Composition. Service composition refers to the ability to combine web services into a business process. This is also referred as service orchestration or service choreography. Service composition is the ability to sequence and manage conversations between Web service into a large transaction. 8. What are the non functional aspects of services? The non functional aspects of services are Availability Accessibility Integrity Performance Reliability Regulatory Security. 9. What are the issues involved with securing web services? The issues involved with securing web services include a) Authenticating that users or applications are who they say they are b) Authorizing users or applications for access to the service. c) Making sure that the data is not intercepted. 10. Give some applications of web services? Business-to-business application Enterprise application integration (EAI) applications. 11. What are the problems that can be solved by EAI product? The EAI product suites strive to solve three problems. 1) Wire protocol conversion 2) Data format transformation 3) Routing message between systems 12. What are the types of web service implementation? The model for web service implementations can be grouped into four types. i. Simple service ii. Composite service iii. Middleware service iv. Service bus.

13. What is simple service?

A simple service is a service enabled component or servlet that access a database or other resource directly. Simple services are most common for green-field development of a small, discrete function. 14. Define middleware service. A web service that places requests onto a middleware bus is an example of middleware service implementation. Many organizations have existing messaging oriented middleware (MOM) systems installed. A MOM system provides third party binding from the message sender to the message receiver. A message sender places a message on a queue, which is mapped to an endpoint. The sender is not aware of the physical location or implementation of that endpoint. 15. What are the benefits of Web services? Reusability Location transparency Composition Scalability and Availability Maintaining investment in Legacy Applications Reduced Vendor Dependence. 16. Define Service-Oriented Architecture. Service-Oriented Architecture is a special kind of software architecture that has several unique characteristics. It is important for service designers and developers to understand the concepts of SOA, so that they can make the most effective use of Web services in their environment. 17. Give the aspects of Service-oriented Architecture. The most important aspect of Service-oriented Architecture is that it separates the services implementation from its interface. In other words, it separates the what from the how. Service consumers view a service simply as an endpoint that supports a particular request format or contract. Service consumers are not concerned with how the service goes about executing their requests; they expect only that it will. 18. What are SOA entities? SOA consists of the following six entities configured together to support the find, bind, and execute paradigm. Service Consumer Service Provider Service Registry Service Contract Service Proxy.

19. Define Service Registry?

A service registry is a network-based directory that contains available services. It is an entity that accepts and stores contracts from service providers and provides those contracts to interested service consumers. 20. What are the characteristics of SOA? Services are discoverable and dynamically bound. Services are self-contained and modular. Services stress interoperability. Services are loosely coupled. Services have a network-addressable interface. Services have coarse-grained interfaces. Services are location-transparent. Services are composable. Service-oriented architecture supports self-healing. 21. Define Modular Decomposability. The Modular Decomposability of a service refers to the breaking of an application into many smaller modules. Each module is responsible for a single, distinct function within an application. This is sometimes referred to as top-down design, in which the bigger problems are iteratively decomposed into smaller problems. The main goal of decomposability is reusability. 22. Define Modular Composability. The modular composability of a service refers to the production of software services that may be freely combined as a whole with other services to produce new systems. Service designers should create services sufficiently independent to reuse in entirely different applications from the ones for which they were originally intended. This is sometimes referred to as bottom-up design. 23. Define Modular Understandability. Modular Understandability of a service is the ability of a person to understand the function of the service without having any knowledge of other services. It is especially important for services, because any unknown consumer can find and use a service at ant time. If the service is not understandable from a functional perspective, the person deciding whether to use the service will have a difficult time making a decision. 24. Define Modular Continuity. The modular continuity of a service refers to the impact of a change in one service requiring a change in other service or in the consumers of the service. An interface that does not sufficiently hide the implementation details of the service creates a domino effect when changes are needed. It will require changes to other service and applications that use the service when the internal implementation of the service changes.

25. What is Modular Protection?

The modular protection of a service is sufficient if an abnormal condition in the service does not cascade to other services or consumers. 26. What is Direct Mapping? A service should map to a distinct problem domain function. During the process of understanding the problem domain and creating a solution, the designer should create boundaries around service interfaces that map to a distinct area of the problem domain. 27. Give the importance of Interoperability. Service-oriented architecture stresses interoperability, the ability of systems using different platforms and languages to communicate with each other. Each service provides an interface that can be invoked through a connector type. An interoperable connector consists of a protocol and a data format that each of the potential clients of the service understands. Interoperability is achieved by supporting the protocol and data formats of the services current and potential clients. 28. Define coupling and its types? Coupling refers to the number of dependencies between modules. There are two types of coupling: Loose and tight. Loosely coupled modules have a few well known dependencies. Tightly coupled modules have many unknown dependencies. Every software architecture strives to achieve loosely coupling between modules. Serviceoriented architecture promotes loose coupling between service consumers and service providers and the idea of a few well-known dependencies between consumers and providers.

Part B- 12 Marks 1. Describe in detail about Web services architecture. 2. Explain in detail about overview of web services. 3. Define service oriented role. Explain in detail about its types. 4. Write Notes on Service Oriented Architecture. 5. What you meant by architectural process and explain about three tier web based architecture.

UNIT-II

XML Part A- 2 Marks 1. What is XML? The World Wide Web Consortiums (W3C) XML Working Group developed XML (Extensible Markup Language), which is derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). XML is a widely supported open technology for electronic data exchange and storage. XML is actually a language used to create other markup languages to describe data in a structured manner.XML documents contain only data, not formatting instructions, so applications that process XML documents must decide how to manipulate or display the documents data. 2. Define XML parser. Processing an XML document requires a software program called an XML parser. Most XML parsers are available at no charge and for a variety of programming languages. Parser checks an XML documents syntax and enables software programs to process marked-up data. XML parser can support the Document Object Model (DOM) or the Simple API for XML (SAX). 3. Define XML Namespaces. An XML namespace is a collection of element and attribute names. Each namespace has a unique name that provides a means for document authors to unambiguously refer to elements with the same name. <Subject>Math</subject> And <Subject>Thrombosis</subject> Use element subject to mark up a piece of data. However, in the first case the subject is something one studies in school, whereas in the second case the subject is in the field of medicine. Namespaces can differentiate these two subject elements. 4. Define Document Type Definitions. A DTD enables an XML parser to verify whether an XML document is valid .DTDs allow independent user groups to check document structure and to exchange data in a standardized format. A DTD expresses the set of rules for document structure using an EBNF (Extended Backus-Naur Form) grammar. 5. Give some markup languages. MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Wireless Markup Language (WML) Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Extensible User Interface Language (XUL) Product Data Markup Language (PDML).

6. What is MathML?

MathML markup describes mathematical expressions for display. MathML is divided into two types of markup: 1. Content markup and 2. Presentation markup. Content MathML distinguishes between different uses of the same symbol. Programmers can take content MathML markup, discern mathematical context and evaluate the marked up mathematical operations. Presentation MathML is directed towards formatting and displaying mathematical notations. 7. What is Chemical Markup Language? Chemical Markup Language is an XML vocabulary for representing molecular and chemical information. CML takes advantage of XMLs portability to enable document authors to use and reuse molecular information without corrupting important data in the process.Document authors can edit and view CML using the Jumbo browser or the Jmol browser. 8. What is MusicXML? MusicXML is the most successful standard in music notation and performance since MIDI. MIDI focuses on music performance, whereas MusicXML focuses on music distribution. MusicXML simplifies the exchange of musical scores over the Internet. It is also a format for translating between the many other popular music formats.MusicXML is defined with a DTD. MusicXML also improves music analysis and takes advantage of many XML languages and tools. 9. What is Document Object Model? Although an XML document is a text file, retrieving data from the document using traditional sequential file-access techniques is neither practical nor efficient, especially for adding and removing elements dynamically. When a DOM parser successfully parses an XML document, it creates a tree like structure in memory that contains the documents data. This hierarchical tree structure is a Document Object Model (DOM) tree. 10. What is XSL? Extensible Style sheet Language (XSL) documents specify how programs should render XML document data. XSL is a group of three technologies. 1) XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects) 2) XSLT (XSL Transformations) and 3) XPath.

Part B- 12 Marks

1. Explain in detail about components of XML document. 2. Briefly Describe about XML tools and XML stylesheets 3. Define and write short notes on the following XSL CSS XML namespaces 4. Explain in detail about EDI. 5. Describe in detail about Message Structure and Electronic Enveloping. 6. Write notes on the following Message Definition Segments Mapping

UNIT-III JAVA WEBSERVICES ARCHITECTURE

Part A- 2 Marks 1. What is Java Server Page? Java Server Page (JSP) is an extension of servlet technology. Java Server Page simplify the delivery of dynamic web content. They enable Web application programmers to create dynamic content by reusing predefined components and by interacting with components using server side scripting. Java Server Page programmers can reuse JavaBeans and create custom tag libraries that encapsulate complex, dynamic functionality. Custom tag libraries even enable Web-page designers who are not familiar with Java to enhance Web pages with powerful dynamic content and processing capabilities. 2. What are the key components to JSPs? There are four key components to JSPs: Directives Actions Scriptlets and Tag libraries. 3. Give an explanation for JSP components. Directives are messages to the JSP container that enable the programmer to specify page settings, to include content from other resources and to specify custom tag libraries for use in a JSP. Actions encapsulate functionality in predefined tags that programmers can embed in a JSP. Actions often are performed based on the information sent to the server as part of a particular client request. They also can create Java objects for use in JSP scriptlets.Scriptlets or scripting elements, enable programmers to insert Java code that interacts with components in a JSP to perform request processing. Tag libraries are part of the tag extension mechanism that enables programmers to create custom tags. Such tags enable programmers to manipulate JSP content. 4. What are Implicit Objects? Implicit Objects provide programmers with access to many servlet capabilities in the context of a JavaServer Page. Implicit objects have four scopes. Application Page Request and Session. 5. Define Scripting. JavaServer Pages often present dynamically generated context as part of an XHTML document that is sent to the client in response to a request. In some cases, the content is static, but is output only if certain conditions are met during a request. JSP programmers can insert Java code and logic in a JSP using scripting. 6. What are standard actions?

Standard actions provide JSP implementers within access to several of the most common tasks performed in a JSP, such as including content from other resources, forwarding request to other resources and interacting with JavaBeans. JSP containers process actions at request time. Actions are delimited by <jsp:action>and </jsp:action>where action is the standard action name. 7. What are the Advantages of JSP? vs. Active Server Pages (ASP). ASP is a similar technology from Microsoft. The advantages of JSP are twofold. First, the dynamic part is written in Java, not Visual Basic or other MS-specific language, so it is more powerful and easier to use. Second, it is portable to other operating systems and non-Microsoft Web servers. vs. Pure Servlets. JSP doesn't give you anything that you couldn't in principle do with a servlet. But it is more convenient to write (and to modify!) regular HTML than to have a zillion println statements that generate the HTML. Plus, by separating the look from the content you can put different people on different tasks: your Web page design experts can build the HTML, leaving places for your servlet programmers to insert the dynamic content. vs. Server-Side Includes (SSI). SSI is a widely-supported technology for including externally-defined pieces into a static Web page. JSP is better because it lets you use servlets instead of a separate program to generate that dynamic part. Besides, SSI is really only intended for simple inclusions, not for "real" programs that use form data, make database connections, and the like. vs. JavaScript. JavaScript can generate HTML dynamically on the client. This is a useful capability, but only handles situations where the dynamic information is based on the client's environment. With the exception of cookies, HTTP and form submission data is not available to JavaScript. And, since it runs on the client, JavaScript can't access serverside resources like databases, catalogs, pricing information, and the like. vs. Static HTML. Regular HTML, of course, cannot contain dynamic information. JSP is so easy and convenient that it is quite feasible to augment HTML pages that only benefit marginally by the insertion of small amounts of dynamic data. Previously, the cost of using dynamic data would preclude its use in all but the most valuable instances. 8.What is the difference between JSP and Servlets ? JSP is used mainly for presentation only. A JSP can only be HttpServlet that means the only supported protocol in JSP is HTTP. But a servlet can support any protocol like HTTP, FTP, SMTP etc. 9. What is expression in JSP? Expression tag is used to insert Java values directly into the output. Syntax for the Expressiontag is: <%= expression %> An expression tag contains a scripting language expression that is evaluated, converted to a String, and inserted where the expression appears in the JSP file. The following expression tag displays time on the output: <%=new java.util.Date()%>

10.What types of comments are available in the JSP? There are two types of comments are allowed in the JSP. These are hidden and output comments. A hidden comments does not appear in the generated output in the html, while output comments appear in the generated output. Example of hidden comment: <%-- This is hidden comment --%> Example of output comment: <!-- This is output comment --> 11.Describe the differences between XML and HTML.

XML User definable tags

HTML Defined set of tags designed for web display Content driven Format driven End tags required for well formed End tags not required documents Quotes required around attributes Quotes not required values Slash required in empty tags Slash not required 12.Describe the role that XSL can play when dynamically generating HTML pages from a relational database. Even if candidates have never participated in a project involving this type of architecture, they should recognize it as one of the common uses of XML. Querying a database and then formatting the result set so that it can be validated as an XML document allows developers to translate the data into an HTML table using XSLT rules. Consequently, the format of the resulting HTML table can be modified without changing the database query or application code since the document rendering logic is isolated to the XSLT rules. 13.Give a few examples of types of applications that can benefit from using XML. There are literally thousands of applications that can benefit from XML technologies. The point of this question is not to have the candidate rattle off a laundry list of projects that they have worked on, but, rather, to allow the candidate to explain the rationale for choosing XML by citing a few real world examples. For instance, one appropriate answer is that XML allows content management systems to store documents independently of their format, which thereby reduces data redundancy. Another answer relates to B2B exchanges or supply chain management systems. In these instances, XML provides a mechanism for multiple companies to exchange data according to an agreed

upon set of rules. A third common response involves wireless applications that require WML to render data on hand held devices. 14.What is DOM and how does it relate to XML? The Document Object Model (DOM) is an interface specification maintained by the W3C DOM Workgroup that defines an application independent mechanism to access, parse, or update XML data. In simple terms it is a hierarchical model that allows developers to manipulate XML documents easily Any developer that has worked extensively with XML should be able to discuss the concept and use of DOM objects freely. Additionally, it is not unreasonable to expect advanced candidates to thoroughly understand its internal workings and be able to explain how DOM differs from an eventbased interface like SAX. 15.What is SOAP and how does it relate to XML? The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) uses XML to define a protocol for the exchange of information in distributed computing environments. SOAP consists of three components: an envelope, a set of encoding rules, and a convention for representing remote procedure calls. Unless experience with SOAP is a direct requirement for the open position, knowing the specifics of the protocol, or how it can be used in conjunction with HTTP, is not as important as identifying it as a natural application of XML. 16.Can you walk us through the steps necessary to parse XML documents? Superficially, this is a fairly basic question. However, the point is not to determine whether candidates understand the concept of a parser but rather have them walk through the process of parsing XML documents step-by-step. Determining whether a nonvalidating or validating parser is needed, choosing the appropriate parser, and handling errors are all important aspects to this process that should be included in the candidate's response. 17.Give some examples of XML DTDs or schemas that you have worked with. Although XML does not require data to be validated against a DTD, many of the benefits of using the technology are derived from being able to validate XML documents against business or technical architecture rules. Polling for the list of DTDs that developers have worked with provides insight to their general exposure to the technology. The ideal candidate will have knowledge of several of the commonly used DTDs such as FpML, DocBook, HRML, and RDF, as well as experience designing a custom DTD for a particular project where no standard existed. 18.Using XSLT, how would you extract a specific attribute from an element in an XML document? Successful candidates should recognize this as one of the most basic applications of XSLT. If they are not able to construct a reply similar to the example below, they should at least be able to identify the components necessary for this operation: xsl:template to match the appropriate XML element, xsl:value-of to select the attribute value, and the optional xsl:apply-templates to continue processing the document.

19.Extract Attributes from XML Data <xsl:template match="element-name"> Attribute Value: <xsl:value-of select="@attribute"/> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> 20.When constructing an XML DTD, how do you create an external entity reference in an attribute value? Every interview session should have at least one trick question. Although possible when using SGML, XML DTDs don't support defining external entity references in attribute values. It's more important for the candidate to respond to this question in a logical way than than the candidate know the somewhat obscure answer. 21.How would you build a search engine for large volumes of XML data? The way candidates answer this question may provide insight into their view of XML data. For those who view XML primarily as a way to denote structure for text files, a common answer is to build a full-text search and handle the data similarly to the way Internet portals handle HTML pages. Others consider XML as a standard way of transferring structured data between disparate systems. These candidates often describe some scheme of importing XML into a relational or object database and relying on the database's engine for searching. Lastly, candidates that have worked with vendors specializing in this area often say that the best way the handle this situation is to use a third party software package optimized for XML data. Obviously, some important areas of XML technologies were not included in this list -- namespaces, XPointer, XLink, and so on -- and should be added to the interviewer's set of questions if applicable to the particular position that the candidate is applying for. However, these questions in conjunction with others to assess soft skills (communication skills, ability to work on teams, leadership ability, etc.) will help determine how well candidates understand the fundamental principles of XML.

PART B-12Marks 1.Write a program to check for an authentication where the matching information is

stored in a database using Java servlets. 2.Design a JSP to builds a table of contents from the client side. 3.Write a Servlet program to Open a text file for reading it from the client side. 4.How JSP work? Explain it with an example 5.Write a servlet program to display a 'welcome' message on the client system. 6.Explain the various standard actions of JSP. 7.Write a servlet program to retrieve data from the database

UNIT-IV ACTIVE SERVER PAGES

Part A-2 Marks 1. What is Active Server Page Objects? Active server Pages provide several built-in objects that offer programmers straightforward methods for communicating with a Web browser, gathering data sent by an HTTP request and distinguishing between users. The most commonly used ASP objects are Request Response Server. 2. What are the uses of Active Server Page Objects? The Request object is commonly used to access the information passed by a get or post request. This information usually consists of data provided by the user in an XHTML form. The Request object provides access to information that is stored on a clients machine. This object also provides access to binary information. The Response object sends information, such as XHTML or text to the client. The Server object provides access to methods and properties on the server. 3. What is File System Objects? File System Objects (FSOs) enable programmers to manipulate files, directories, and drives. FSOs also allow programmers to read and write text and are an essential element for Active server Pages that persist data. FSOs are objects in the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library. 4. What are the types of File System Objects? FileSystemObject File Folder Drive Text Stream 5. Give the uses of FSOs. The programmer can use FileSystemObjects to create directories, move files, and determine whether a Drive exists. The File object allows the programmer to gather information about files, manipulate files and open files. The Folder object allows the programmer to manipulate and gather information about directories. The Drive object allows the programmer to gather information about drives. The Text Stream object allows the programmer to manipulate text files.

6. What are the Drive properties? AvailableSpace

DriveLetter DriveType FileSystem FreeSpace IsReady Path RootFolder SerialNumber TotalSize VolumeName.

7. Why we go for Session Tracking and cookies? HTTP does not support persistent information that could help a Web server distinguish between clients. So we introduce the concept of Session Tracking and Cookies that enables a Web server to distinguish between clients. 8. What are the components of Universal Data Access Architecture? The UDA architecture consists of three primary components. The OLE DB, the core of the UDA architecture, provides low-level access to any data source. The Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a C programming-language library that uses SQL to access data. ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) are simple object models that provide uniform access to any data source by interacting with OLE DB. 9. How can you access a database from an Active Server Page? Active server page can communicate with databases through ADO. ADO provides a uniform way for a program to connect with a variety of databases without having to deal with their specifics. Web applications are typically three-tier distributed applications, consisting of a User interface, Business logic and Database access The user interface in such an application is often created using XHTML, Dynamic HTML or XML. The user interface can contain ActiveX controls, client side scripts, and in some cases, Java applets. XHTML is the preferred mechanism for representing the user interface in systems where portability is a concern. Because most browsers support XHTML, designing the user interface to be accessed through a Web browser guarantees portability across all browser platforms. The user interface can communicate directly with the middle-tier business logic by using the networking provided automatically by the browser. The middle tier can then access the database to manipulate the data. All three tiers may reside on separate computers that are connected to a network or on a single machine.

10. What are Server-side ActiveX Components? Server-side script functionality is extended with server-side ActiveX componentsActiveX controls that typically reside on the Web server and do not have a graphical user interface. These components make features accessible to the ASP author. 11. List some of the ActiveX components included with Internet Information Services (IIS). MSWC.BrowserType MSWC.AdRotator MSWC.NextLink MSWC.ContentRotator MSWC.PageCounter MSWC.Counters MSWC.MyInfo Scripting.FileSystemObject.

12. What is ASP? Active Server Pages are processed by an ActiveX component called a scripting engine. An ASP file has the file extension .asp and contains XHTML tags and scripting code. Although other languages like JavaScript can be used for ASP scripting, VBScript is the most widely used. ASP is a Microsoft-specific technology for sending dynamic Web content to the client. An ASP processes the request and returns the result to the client-normally in the form of an XHTML document, but other data formats can be returned as well. When a client requests an ASP document, it is loaded into memory and parsed by a scripting engine named asp.dll. Script code is interpreted as it is encountered. Active Server Pages provide several built-in objects to offer programmers straightforward method for communicating with a Web browser, gathering data sent by an HTTP request and distinguishing between users.

PART B-12 Marks

1.Create a ASP page to display Time-based greeting using JavaScript. (6) 2.How to create cookies and retrieve its value? Show it with an example. (6) 3.List the steps involved to accessing a database from an ASP. 4.Explain the various File system objects in ASP. 5.Use a one dimensional array and write a script to solve the following problem. Read in 20 numbers , each of which is between 10 and 100. As each number is read , print it only if it is not a duplicate of a number that has already been read. 6.Write a script that inputs a telephone number as a string in the form (555)555-555. The script should use strings method split to extract the area code as token and the last four digits of the phone numbers as a token. Display the area code in one test field and the seven digit phone number in another text field. 7.Create a web page that applies the invert filter to an image if the user moves the mouse over it.

UNIT-V .NET FRAMEWORK Part A- 2 Marks

1. What are the components of .NET platform? Microsoft .NET platform includes the following components that would help develop a new generation of smart internet services. .NET infrastructure and tools .NET user experience .NET building block .NET device software.

2. What are the products and services of .NET? Windows .NET MSN .NET Office .NET Visual Studio .NET Personal subscription services bCentral for .NET.

3. Give the phases of .NET. The current technology of .NET has gone through three significant phases of development. OLE technology COM technology .NET technology.

4. What is .NET framework? The .NET framework is one of the tools provided by the .NET infrastructure and tools component of the .NET platform. .NET platform provides a new environment for creating and running robust, scalable and distributed applications over the web. 5. What are the technologies of .NET framework? The .NET framework provides an environment for building, deploying and running web services and other applications. It consists of three distinct technologies. Common Language Runtime (CLR) Framework Base Classes User and program interfaces (ASP .NET and Windows).

6. Give an importance of CLR.

The Common Language Runtime, popularly known as CLR is the heart and soul of the .NET framework. CLR is a runtime environment in which programs written in C# and other .NET languages are executed. It also supports cross-language interoperability. 7. What are the services provided by CLR? The CLR provides a number of services that include: Loading and execution of programs Memory isolation for applications Verification of type safety Compilation of IL into native executable code Providing metadata Memory management Enforcement of security Interoperability with other systems Managing exceptions and errors Support for tasks such as debugging and profiling.

8. What is CTS? The .NET framework provides multiple language support using the feature known as Common Type System that is built into the CLR. The CTS supports a variety of types and operations found in most programming languages and therefore calling one language from another does not require type conversations. 9. What is CLS? The Common Language Specification defines a set of rules that enables interoperability on the .NET platform. These rules serve as a guide to third-party compiler designers and library builders. The CLS is a subset of CTS and therefore the language supporting the CLS can use each others class libraries as if they are their own. Application Program Interfaces (APIs) that are designed following the rules of CLS can easily be used by all the .NET languages. 10. What is managed code? CLR is responsible for managing the execution of code compiled for the .NET platform. The code that satisfies the CLR at runtime in order to execute is referred to as managed code. Compilers that are compatible to the .NET platform generate managed code. The managed code generated by C# is IL code. The IL code is then converted to native machine code by the JIT compilers.

11. List some of the important services the Framework Base Classes can offer to the users. We can use the base classes in the system namespace for many different tasks including:

Input/ Output Operations String Handling Managing arrays, lists, maps, etc. Accessing files and file systems Accessing the registry Security Windowing Windows messages Database management Evaluation of mathematical functions Drawing Managing errors and exceptions Connecting to the Internet And many more.

12. What are the tools available in .NET framework for managing user- and application interfaces? The .NET framework provides the following tools for managing user- and application interfaces: Windows forms Web forms Console Applications Web services. These tools enable users to develop user-friendly desktop-based as well as web-based applications using a wide variety of languages on the .NET platform. 13. What are the benefits of .NET strategy advanced by Microsoft? Microsoft has advanced the .NET strategy in order to provide a number of benefits to developers and users. Some of the major benefits envisaged are: Simple and faster systems development Rich object model Enhanced built-in functionality Many different ways to communicate with the outside world Integration of different languages into one platform Easy deployment and execution Wide range of scalability Interoperability with existing applications Simple and easy-to-build sophisticated development tools Fewer bugs Potentially better performance. 14. Give the applications of C#. C# is a new language developed exclusively to suit the features of .NET platform. It can be used for a variety of applications that are supported by the .NET platform.

Console Applications Windows Applications Developing Windows controls Developing ASP.NET projects Creating Web controls Providing web services Developing .NET component library.

15. What is Jscript .NET? Jscript .NET is the latest version of Microsofts Jscript scripting language. Jscript .NET differs from both Jscript and JavaScript in that it is a truly object-oriented language, whereas Jscript and JavaScript are object based, meaning that Jscript .NET contains more functionality with regard to creating and using of objects. Jscript .NET is backward compatible with Jscript, however, and provides scripting features such as type less programming. 16. What are Web Forms? ASPX files are usually referred to as Web Forms or Web Form Pages, because they normally process form input. Data entered into a form can be sent to the server, processed, and then sent back to the client in a different format. 17. Give the types of web controls. There are four different types of Web controls: HTML server controls Web server controls Validation controls (validators) and User controls. 18. Write about validators. In validators we use a required field validator and a range validator. A Required field validator ensures that a field receives input. A range validator checks that input is within a specified range. 19. What is the use of Ad Rotator? Using advertisement data located in an XML file, the Ad Rotator control randomly selects an image to display, then generates a hyperlink to the webpage associated with that image. The Ad Rotator Web control simplifies the creation of advertising banners. Attribute Advertisement File specifies an XML file that contains advertisement information. 20. What is session tracking? A Session ID represents a unique client on the internet. If the client leaves a site and returns later, the client will still be recognized as the same user. To help the server

distinguish among clients, each client must identify itself to the server. This tracking of individual client is known as session tracking. 21. How can you achieve session tracking? One popular technique involves the use of cookies. Another employs the .NETs HttpSessionState object. Additional session-tracking techniques include the use of input form elements of type hidden and URL rewriting. Using hidden form elements, a Web form can write session-tracking data into a form in the Web page that it returns to the client in response to a prior request. When the user submits the form in the new web page, all the form data, including the hidden fields, is sent to the form handler on the web server. When a website employs URL rewriting, the web Form embeds sessiontracking information directly in the URLs of hyperlinks that the user clicks to send subsequent requests to the Web server. 22. What is meant by Cookies? A popular way to customize interactions with Web pages is via cookies. Cookie is a text file stored by a Web site on an individuals computer that allows the site to track the individuals actions. The users computer receives a cookie the first time the user visits the Website; this cookie is then reactivated each time the user revisits the site. The collected information is intended to be an anonymous record containing data that are used to personalize the users future visits to the site.

Part B-12 Marks 1.Describe about the building blocks of .NET platform. 2. Explain in detail about the role of .NET Class libraries. 3. Write notes on the following. i. CLR ii. CTS iii. CLS 4. Explain in detail about deploying .NET 5. Write a C# Application Program to implement the String functionalities.