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Sustainable Solutions Paper Lawrence A. Reeves III DBA Strategy Denise Land February 19, 2012

Sustainable Solutions Paper

The changing of the logistics climate with information and technology is helping companies to have better information on conducting everyday business and make smarter decisions when it comes to moving freight about the country. How will Werner use their

current system to help the divisions make effective and efficient decisions or will they need to buy into a new system? The growth of Werner will be its people, systems, and sustainable and repeatable business. The purpose of writing this paper is to lay out a plan that will allow Werner to explore some strategies suggested to help them grow the value added services division over the next 5 to 10 years.

The major focal points of the paper will include the Executive Summary, analytical approach of Werner Enterprises business strategy from a couple of different analytical tools such as the general force and detailed SWOT analysis. The general force analysis will measure the remote external environments and the Porters five forces will measure the external industry environment. The SWOT analysis will explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Werner Enterprises. The paper will highlight Werners strategy and how does it align with the vision and mission of the company.

Executive Summary

Werner Brokerage is a segment of business for Werner Enterprises. For the last six years, it has been a viable department for the company future growth will come from this department. The paper will outline the external forces that will have an effect on the brokerage department. The strengths and weakness are discussed as the opportunities and threats that are surrounding the success of brokerage.

What strategy will be determined? The strategy in in place is working for the company; however, tweaking needs to take place to stifle compliancy and re-energize employees, create and develop a relationship focus strategy with customers and carriers. Brokerage managers need the authority to talk to customers so that they have direct access and being to capitalize in opportunities. An action plan and the determining the resources needed to handle the new demands placed on the brokerage department.

Summary Focus
The stakeholders are important to the success of Werner. The culture is beginning to mesh with the Werner brokerage arm the focus is how continue to grow brokerage to be the leading department within Werner. The entrepreneurial risk-taking attitude needs to be injected into the other departments within the company to take freight. What strategy will brokerage need to take to become the premier leader within the industry?

Key Takeaways

Werner Brokerage visions are in alignment with the vision of the Werner. Werner brokerage has some areas where they need to address to become stronger. Brokerage has a great position by converting freight from asset side of the company. Brokerage always has a warm call, because of the customer we do business for already.

Integration of Concepts
Werners strategy has to be in review periodically to make sure it is lining up with the companies goals and vision. If new processes are created and developed then it should be advantageous for the company and nor a detriment. Before a process is put out to the organization, try in a small depa1tment before releasing to the whole company.

Stakeholder Identification and Value Analysis -Part I

What is a Stakeholder? "A stakeholder is anyone who affects or is affected by an organization, strategy, or project." (Stakeholder, 20II ) Identifying stakeholders can be painstaking if they are not easily identifiable and creating mind maps as in figure I. "The OGC suggest that the it can be helpful to put stakeholders into categories Users/beneficiaries Governance (steering groups/ boards) Influencers (trade unions/ media) Providers (suppliers/ partners)."(Stakeholder, 20II)

Werner Enterprises recognizes the stakeholders who have an effect on their eost and service outcomes for their business. Werner Ente1prises has a valued interest in their stakeholders: Procurement Vendors Transportation suppliers Customers Distribution facilities

A value analysis 'identifies and selects the best value alternatives for designs, materials, processes, and systems' (Business, 2011). The decision made by the Werner and its employees of how to conduct business are determined on the market conditions, the amount of freight available. These events have an effect or caused by the stakeholders. The other stakeholders are the employees, stockholders, and the community. Each of these groups will have a vested concern in the Werners success.

Werner Enterprises uses extensive amount of systems to communicate with and to service the stakeholders. "Werner Enterprises transportation management system (TMS) solution is to connect the many partners that have input on the freight movement process"(Werner, 2009). The TMS can interface with the most basic system that stakeholders uses to exchange information such as electronic data interchange (EDI), email, instant messages, or any other type of connectivity hardware or software available. The employees of the company are in small groups to handle the different stakeholders. The employees within the company work directly with customers. Supplier, shippers and carriers to handle the day-to-day decision that will generate revenue stream tor Werner.

Werner Enterprises major customers are Dollar General, Wal-Mart, Pamida, Navistar, Ryder-D r. Pepper, and UPS. Theses stakeholders are affected by the service of Werner. The impact can be positive or negative to those companies since they rely on the products. Werner schedules pick-ups from the vendors of these customers. The carrier partners or Werner's assets and dedicated fleets to haul the products to the desired delivery locations and tracking of these drivers are conducted by computer systems based on the trucks. The TMS system helps customers to login and see the progress of their shipment from shipping point to final destination. The employees of Werner Enterprises call the carrier partners and then the information is manually updated in the system. The systems that Werner utilizes, lags behind other companies that are in the 3PL arena, and in line with the other major companies from an asset and dedicated mindset.

Enterprise Level Strategy

The three divisions of Werner is the asset, dedicated, and value added services (VAS). Werner has three divisions that is a depiction of their mission and values statements. Werner mission: "To deliver value to our customers, business partners and shareholders through leading edge global supply chain solutions that exceed expectations and promote safety while we remain customer focused and asset-backed" (Werner, 2011). Werner's vision: "To be recognized as a global logistics partner providing customized supply chain solutions that manage cost, improve visibility and pursue continuous improvement throughout our customers network" (Werner,

2011).

In 2006, the VAS arm was added to offer Werner stakeholders another product that will satisfy their logistical needs. The value added services is made of brokerage, intermodal, and LTL, and specialized services. Werner Enterprises strategy is to grow is to put more focus on growing this segment of the business with brokerage leading the helm. Werner has hired top talent across the country to run the satellite offices to capture business across the landscape. Werner stated that they would not add to the 7300 pieces of equipment they currently operate.

Brokerage goal is to create partnerships with other carriers, find niche lanes for those partner carriers, and to leverage costs. The strategy is to use the dedicated fleet to move freight through brokerage to make more money for the company per transaction, build power only fleets in local regions, and conversion of asset freight into brokerage freight.

Culture Type The culture of the industry is mixed there are large and small companies from assets based to 3pl covering the landscape. Majority of the 3PL's are aggressive, high-risk takers, the pure 3PI companies has no assets, and they use their relationships with partner carriers to haul their freight. The asset-based companies tend to be more conservative. Werner is a family owned and operated company that is publically traded. The company's culture is very conservative and that plays havoc on the brokerage side of the business. The entrepreneurial

spirit of the brokerage department is stifles because of the risk protectant rules Werner has created to protect their assets.

Integrated Concepts from Readings The strategy and the mission and vision statements are aligned. The company may have a few deterrents; however, overall the company tries to adjust. The problem is that they wait to after a serious incident happens to do that. Another problem the current model for brokerage breeds complacency and the sense of urgency and the ell.1ra effort to buy better has diminished New strategies have been discussed to find ways of motivating employees to take on additional freight. The other issue is that qualifying new carriers is arduous and lacks the fortitude to establish new guidelines so that Werner brokerage could pump more equipment into the system to leverage cost to customers and have more power to keep the rates down in particular markers.

Evidence and Implications Werner is a debt free company. Werner owns all of its equipment and buildings and they will protect their assets. They are ultra conservative when it comes to lending credit to customers. Werner is very strict on the process for approving carriers. The company will not put itself into jeopardy; they will cautiously look at opportunities to make suet it benefits the asset side of the company. Brokerage has grown over the last six years; however, the division grows but it grows more if they had its own sales force. The culture of the company would not love it.

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General Force Analysis: External Remote Environment

General Force Matrix Analysis

The trucking industry has undergone many changes in the last 5 years. The American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) believes "that the top 10 challenges that the trucking industry will face is fuel cost, economy, driver shortage, government regulation, hours of service, congestion, tolls/highway funding, environmental issues, tort reform, and onboard truck technology" (IMT, 2008). Werner has experienced all of these challenges and some they have found solution s to stave off negative effects. With the VAS division, Werner has made some strategic decision to keep its cost low. According to ATRI stated that he two biggest challenges that the trucking industry faces is the rise of fuel cost and the economy; however, all of the challenges are interconnected to each other. To explore further the different external forces that affect Werner.

Economics. According to the American bankers association the economy expects to grow 3.3% over the next 8 years. Trucking bankruptcies are beginning to decline and a number of small carriers are entering to the market. Government fleets are struggling due to that the government is trying to control cost through the economy and they understand the different market fluctuations. Credit has tightened over the last few years and 2/3 of all the carriers expect credit to get even tighter. Trucking fleets will have a higher age than that of before. The average of trucking fleets will increase from 4 to 5 years to that of 8 to 9 years. New truck market is picking up due to the new regulations standards set by the government with emissions, electronic tracking, and trucks that

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will be more fuel-efficient. Trucking companies will look towards owner operators to help build their fleets.

Werner is a debt free company and they have the ability to buy new equipment at whim. Werner sells older equipment to smaller companies and they will help finance for carriers who do not have a strong enough credit rating with the traditional lending institutions. Werner also uses brokerage to move freight through partner carriers, a power only division, which utilizes partner, carries to haul Werner trailers, and owner operators who move freight for Werner Blue. The economy is increasing slowly, however cost is increasing at the same time.

Fuel cost, consumption has risen, and it is a challenge to the industry as a whole. Of course, these are predictions and not written in stone here in 2012 the fuel coat are not far off. Economists are predicting that fuel could approach $5 a gallon by mid-summer. According to Lockridge of heavy duty trucking journal in 2008: "DOE upped forecast for 2011 to $3.40 average, $3.52 for 2012 DOE forecast: crude to average $93 per barrel in 2011 , $99 by fourth quarter 2012 Experts predict $1 00-barrel oil this spring Will fuel go as high as $5 a gallon next year? Long-term: Oil prices of $113-$135/ barrel by 2035 in 2009 dollars (International Energy Agency)" (Lockridge, 2008)

Werner Enterprises has cut down on the amount of dead heads miles they send their tractors to conserve fuel cost and consumption. Trailer skirts and other measures to keep down the wind for causing drag to help and aid in conserving fuel are being explored. Werner Enterprises also has been considered a top I 00 3PL company for 5years in a row. According to

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Lisa Stratton of Inbound Logistics: "But it is just as important in some cases more important for a logistics partner to act as a business change agent, driving their customers' ability to match demand for their products more closely to supply, aligning enterprise operational performance to the larger economic trend. That is what Werner Enterprises does, and why we are happy to recognize it as a 2011 Top 100 3PL" (WSJ, 2011).

Technology. The technology currently in use by Werner is a TMS system that allows brokerage to track and trace customer freight, build lanes, and house data from line haul rates, fuel cost, and the frequency of carriers hauling freight for Werner. The system works in conjunction Microsoft tools to export information to be able to make strategic decision to price new and existing business. 'The technology and information revolution has greatly improved the accuracy of shipping data and the speed with which this information can be shared. These innovations, in turn, are allowing information to reduce the amount of on-hand inventory needed for operations"(IRS, 20II).

The emergence of tablets and smart phones allow brokerage managers to engage the business units while making calls to customers and partner carriers. The limitation with brokerage within Werner Enterprises is the high level of manual input within the system. The brokerage industry as a whole suffers the same fate. 3PL hire smaller companies to haul freight who do not have the tracking technology and the 3pl do not have resources or the system to keep track of the thousands of carriers. Subsequently carries are not going to carry 4 of five different QUALCOMM's or tracking devices into their cabs.

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Demographics / Social / Culture. The demographics for brokerage is wide and varied. The majority of the brokers are usually aggressive and entrepreneur in nature. The average lifecycle of brokers are 3 to 4 years before they start going elsewhere. Werner Enterprises brokerage agents are above the average. The brokerages managers within Werner have an average of 15 years' experience. With this wealth of experience Werner has experienced growth and becoming a major player in the 3pl community.

The brokerage culture does not mesh well with the conservative corporate nature. The typical broker is always busy negotiating deal s with carries, soliciting customers for new freight, a looking for ways to source new carries. The culture in Werner is that each process is segmented and individuals are grouped into the process that they will handle. In the midst the success of

Brokerage in Werner has a viable team in place that is educating others within the corporate structure to find ways of meshing both natures together.

Government / Legal / Military. . In the last couple of years reform from the government have taken place in many areas of transportation, Brokerage is highly impacted because of the closing of many carriers or changes in authority. More trucking guidelines and proposed regulations than ever: CSA, Hours of service (HOS), Electronic on board recorders (EOBRs), speed adjusters, fuel economy, texting, and mobile phones. The CSA put fleets under more inspection than previous system Maintenance focus is known placed into carriers hands on maintenance Hours of service proposed changes and the impending driver shortages over the next several years. "Compliance, Safety, Accountability. (C.S.A.) is a new safety program from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA).

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The goal is to improve safety by reducing crashes. New enforcement and compliance model that allows the FMCSA and its partners to contact a larger number of carriers/drivers. Intended to address safety problems with carriers & drivers before crashes occur" (Werner. 20 II).

According to Lockridge: First-ever fuel economy proposal for commercial tmcks, starting in 2014 Fuel and emissions savings between 7% and 20% 2010-1017 Improvements to engines, tires, aerodynamics, reduced idling Trailers not covered Could mean fewer offerings from truck and engine

Government regulations should regulate certain areas but not to the point where business will be impacted to the point cost are driven up. Safety is a major issue in the trucking industry, and not all miles or changes is beneficial to the industry as a whole. The new proposal on the hours of service affects the shipper, carriers, and consignees to longer transit times in moving freight. Werner drops trailers at major customers and set up dedicated fleets, power only solutions to work within the new government regulations with the hours of service and to cut cost on fuel. Brokerage has many carrier partners and if one carrier cannot meet the demands, they have the ability to go out and find another carrier who can meet the demands.

Physical Environment. Werner operates in all weather. Weather can have impact on the on time delivery of freight. Customer demands of making pickup and delivery times are important because a plant could be shut down or a store out of product. Werner Brokerage relies heavily on communication from its carrier partners and their ability to provide a service. Mechanical failure, driver fatigue, DOT inspections all can impede the transit of products from the shipper to the consignee.

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The stress levels in brokerage are usually high because of the limited control of the equipment. Driver retention and inexperience plays havoc as well. In the next 8 years many of the drivers will retire or would be deemed inoperable because the drivers might not meet the required CSA standard.

Implications of General Forces (6 points) Werner brokerage has a seasoned management team that has seen and weathers many changes in the industry. There are new occurrences that will challenge the fortitude of the management team. When new challenges arise there, new solutions are created.

Threats. The treats that will affect Werner brokerage are higher fuel cost, carriers going out of business, customers wanting only Werner assets. Fuel cost will have to be taken into account when negotiating with partner carriers and biding on freight. Carrier cost structures have changed to cover the fuel and maintenance cost. The new climate has allowed partner carriers to become better educated on how to run their business. Carriers going out of business will increase the amount of drivers going out on their own; however, it does not guarantee great service.

Another threat is losing great talent to other companies because of better pay or opportunities. The brokerage market is lucrative if the business model is something that is workable. The challenge is that the industry is losing a lot of talent because of the stress levels that is inherited from brokering freight.

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Opportunities. The opportunities that Werner brokerage has are vast because of the Werner asset name. The advantage Werner brokerage has over some of the pure 3PL is the ability to get in the door because of the other product lines. Most customers now are looking for asset-based companies to partner with. The TMS that Werner Enterprises offer to customers is another opportunity for Werner Brokerage to obtain freight. Customer who are looking for single source options will Werner Enterprises to come in and develop a plant that will allow carrier partners to haul.

Another opportunity for brokerage is to fill in the gaps where Werner Blue doesn't want to position their equipment or to convert freight over in a particular market to one of our partner carriers. This action of conversion will allow Werner Blue to attain more business in the same area and Werner Enterprises is still fulfilling their commitment to the customer.

Porters Five Forces Industry Analysis: External Industry Environment

Five Forces Matrix Analysis

When conducting a course to start a company must understand what is affecting their business. Porter's five forces that will affect a business and that a company must determine if there are any barriers of ent1y. Are there any substitutes that can an influence of cost structures or loss of business? Determine the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. How do they rank high, medium, or low within the marketplace? What is the competition like? In addition, how do they differ and could a competitive advantage be created?

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Barriers to Entry. There are no barriers to enter into the 3pl market or the trucking industry. The issue is having the connections to get in the door with customers. A couple of years ago the market was saturated with pure upstart 3PL companies but they could not rival the CH Robinsons, Allen Lund, or NYK. Werner brokerage was created to provide a solution of Werner Enterprises freight that they could not haul or have enough trucks to fulfill the customer demands.

Werner Brokerage now is the top I 00 3PL and is rivaling the pure brokerage companies. More asset-based companies are trying to build small 3pl companies so that they can capitalize on the freight missed within their company. The success of the companies may or may not last for a length of time; however, there is no serious hurdle to get in to the brokerage market

Substitutes. Brokerage substitute is other 3pl companies, asset based, or intermodal and that depends on the particular marker where rail is an option. For Werner Enterprises they cover all modes of transport under the VAS and Blue. Vas is made up of brokerage, LTL to provide less than truckload, intermodal and international. With the presence of all these products, Werner Enterprises can be able to handle all of the customer needs as they come available. The viable substitution for Werner would be using another carrier, 3pl, or intermodal to haul the freight of the customer. Service level and price is usually the reasons why a customer would substitute one carrier for another. Bargaining power of Suppliers. The bargaining power is a pendulum in the brokerage industry. Brokers are in the middle between carriers and suppliers. Brokerage position is to

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recognize who has the balance of power and then adjust rates accordingly. The power is based on market constraint in respect to capacity or freight, fuel cost, season, or inclement weather. Today the market is volatile and most shippers have secured equipment form asset based companies through bids and commitments to be able to handle the demand from their customers. When capacity is plentiful and freight is nonexistent then the shipper has the power. Shippers may use to bid packages to lock in rates for a specific period. When the market was going haywire because of the market crash of 2008, shippers forces many carriers into two-year contracts with unfavorable rates to secure equipment and carriers to secure loads.

Bargaining power of Buyers. The carriers power is available when the capacity in markets is low and freight is at highest peak. Carriers tend to determine the rates to move freight. Brokers are the intermediaries and must be able to predict when the market shift and play to its strengths. Some markets have the same cycle year over year and those times are the easiest to predict. Either the shipper or the carrier could be uses interchangeably as one or the other. Brokers could be the supplier to one and the buyer from the other. However, for the broker to have the power they have to be in the driver seat of the freight. Werner has to improve their bargaining position. CH Robinson maintains a competitive edge because they have tripled the amount of partner carriers with in their network, which allows Robinson to maintain power with both the shipper and partner carriers.

Competitive Rivalry. The competition in the brokerage arena is vast; however, few players that are making a significant difference on a whole. Some of these companies will use each other to handle business. Werner Enterprises for example will use CH Robinson to backhaul their asset

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trucks to an area that they have a need to move their customer freight Customers are looking for p1ice and service and whichever can provide both will obtain the business. The top three companies that rival Werner brokerage is CH Robinson, Coyote Logistics, and a group of smaller niche 3pl companies that have key business contacts and loyalty. CH Robinson has 137 offices across the country and for a non-asset based company they move billions dollar a year worth of freight. Over the past couple of years, they have grown but not in the double-digit figures, they have been experiencing in the first decade. CH Robinson has been experiencing

the fluctuations in the industry and trying to create relationships that are more fluid with carriers.

Coyote logistics have been existence for the last six years but they are no rookie when it comes to moving freight within the 3pl market. The owner of the company created American Backhaulers who CH Robinson about for their systems. Both companies have an advantage over Werner brokerage when it comes to their systems the smaller companies individually are not a threat built when each of them are in places where the Werner cannot enter a can pose a problem not only for Werner but the other larger brokerage companies.

Werner brokerage lacks a viable system that will allow par1ner carriers to lock up freight that they see through the computer system, post equipment on their site and run matches to see how they can lick up several loads within their network. The advantage Werner has over the competition mentioned is that they are asset based and have more doors that they have access. Werner has a different business model and does not fall in the pitfall as other asset brokerage companies by trying to model after CH Robinson.

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Implications of Five Forces

Threats. Werner threats are the lack of technological advances with their system and losing business because the inability to provide accurate data in a timely manner from trying to bid freight to tracking and tracing shipments in an efficient manner. . The lack viable payment options for partner carriers going out of business or going direct to the customer.

Opportunities. The biggest opportunity for Werner Brokerage is that they have the ability to convert freight over from their blue side and use their rates in certain markets. What happens that the Brokerage assumes the price that the Blue had quoted and hires a partner carrier on the lane without having to negotiate a rate with the customer? Another opportunity is to absorb freight that a competitor did not perform an adequate serve level desired for the customer

Detailed Value Chain Analysis: Internal Environment

Customized Value Chain of Activities in Table Form

According to Porter, a company's value are placed in these 9 elements: general administration, human resources, R&D, procurement, inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service (Porter & Millar, 1985). A company must understand what they have so they can make the necessary determinates to be able to plan for changes. In table 1 below Werner Brokerage is strong in a lot of areas compared to that of CH Robinson. R&D for Werner because they do not want to put the necessary money it would need to update it computer system, where CH Robinson improving their system is a top priority. Small Third

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Party Logistic (3PL) companies do not have the capital to take on a sophisticated system that will need upgrades periodically.

Werner HR department is a top rated because they put value within their people. Training and development is a priority for Werner and believe that their employees are the greatest assets to their company. The average broker that has been with Werner is 5 years and CH Robinson the average broker stays 2 years before they move on. A noticeable difference between the two brokerage companies is of the inbound and out bound logistics. The models are different in nature.

Brokerage strategy for Werner is that all freight handled by a region is inbound to that region and CH Robinsons is the vey opposite. For example, the Atlanta region is responsible for freight coming all over the country into NC, SC, AL, FL, and GA and intra those reason. Conversely, the Atlanta branch for CH Robinson is responsible for all the freight out of their region to all over the country. Werner brokerage is the only 3PL with that model. This model has helped Werner Brokerage to be a top third party provider for six years in a row, and the department has to been a profit maker for Werner in 2010 and 2011.

Table 1 Value Chain Analysis Business Process Werner Brokerage CH Robinson Small 3PL

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Management R&D HR Procurement Inbound Logistics Operations Outbound Logistics Sales Service

Strong Weak Strong Strong Strong Strong Weak Weak Strong

Strong Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Strong Strong Medium

Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Medium Medium Weak Medium

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Company Skills / Capabilities

Werner Brokerage has the talent to take the next level. The management all has twelve plus years in brokering freight. They all came from CH Robinson, NYK, and various other trucking companies and brokerage firms. Most of the brokers all came from other brokerage firms as well. The talent and the skills sets are readily available. Werner is capable of moving growing and becoming a top ten player if they increase their sales force who understands the nature of brokering. Table I shows the weakness in sales staff brokering freight.

The Sales team spends more time selling asset freight. Service is excellent for Werner because the bonus structure that is paid to the brokers is very lucrative. To make more money they have to be aggressive and wanting to take on more projects to be able to increase their pay. Operations is great for Werner because each step that a traditional broker because of segmentation within the company. In Werner, the brokers book and negotiate freight only. CSA track and trace freight and Customer development team schedule's loads, solicit freight from customers, and handle problems when it arises at the customer.

Implications of Competitive Analysis (5 points)

After the determination of what the values are the strengths, Weakness, skills, and capabilities are assed. Werner as any other companies can benefit greatly by the program created. The strengths, weakness, and skills explained in further detailed below of Werner competitive flow.

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Strengths. Werner strengths are found in service, and the ability to understand the market changes. The management team is one of the best within the industry. The Inbound model to the regions of the country and the diversification of the various broker hats that CH Robinson. The retention rate with Werner Brokers and a healthy bonus plan that is paid out monthly when profit is reached is superior compared to that of its competitors.

Weaknesses. Technological advances in Werner's computer system and the ability to hire carriers with in the first year of their existence. Manual in putting of critical information so the Customer development can report to the customer. Another weakness is research and development of new systems that will improve service. Another weakness is the sales staff being knowledgeable of the brokerage industry. Skills. Werner brokerage managers are the top within their industry. The ability to understand all of cycle changes within the market place. The diversification of positions allows for each position within Werner Brokerage to develop and honed in on a skill. Another skill is the art of negotiating.

Capabilities. Werner Brokerage is capable of just going about to any customer because of the sales people going in and soliciting freight for blue. It's the inside reps who may ask if brokerage is an option, Werner has the ability to bring on more carrier bur they will have relax some requirements.

Detailed SWOT Analysis

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SWOT Factor Matrix

SO Strategies. Management being able to understand the markets and negotiate with carries that they can be able to leverage cost, take on more freight at a lower price point to customers, and offer to their partner carries. Customers are looking for ways to ship their products at a cost that will not raise their prices to the customers. However, they want to be able, have service that will meet their specifications. Werner Brokerage managers work with carriers by offering bids and finding the right carries who is ready to fulfill a niche.

ST Strategies. Werner is a debt free company who can research and purchases a computer system that will rival the competition. 3Pl they can utilize the Blue side of its company to haul freight. Fuel cost is another threat that Werner can capitalize on by providing the customer with higher fuel surcharge cost structure while keep in what they pay the partner carrier fuel low.

WO Strategies. Werner outbound weakness is not a weakness because each region capitalizes on moving fright everywhere. The opportunity is developing more round trip freight between the offices and using Werner Blue to and Werner Dedicated to fill in gaps where needed. Werner brokerage uses its relationships with partner carrier to take on additional opportunities trying to take care of niche lanes at a lower premium to obtain the business from customers.

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WT Strategies. Werner can invest on a new system to minimize the weakness they may have from not have an updated system and the revamp the process of approving carriers so that they can bring on more partner carries to haul the freight. The rigorous process of approving carriers aides the ability weeding out problematic carriers; however, the process will allow those carries to haul for other companies.

SCOT Factor Matrix SO Strategies. The negotiating skills of management will allow the emergence of new freight in the business units. The diversity of positions will allow the customer reps to create repo1t with the customers who are responsible for divvying out the freight. The trucking industry thrives on relationships the more the rep becomes familiar with the customer then the more the customer is apt to give opportunities. ST Strategies. The negotiating skills of the brokers could find ways to leverage the fuel cost by lowering the line haul cost to make up for inverse of the higher fuel. For example: Line haul from Atlanta to Charlotte is $500 and $60 equals $560 for fuel is what we pay a carrier and our cost to the customer is $550 plus$80 equals $630 Werner Brokerage makes $80 profit. Well fuel raise $20 the following week brokerage managers or employees to still make their $80 profit they will tell the carrier line haul is now $480 and fuel is $80 equaling $560. Werner still makes their $80 profit margin.

CO Strategies. Werner Brokerage can use its name, solicit more freight from Werner Blue, and use its partner network to fill in the niches where Werner Blue does not want to go. Brokerage has the capability of bidding fright and wining more lanes for its business unit.

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CT Strategies. Werner brokerage has the capability of creating strategic pa1tnerships with carriers so that they can be able to work around the high fuel cost. Negotiating fuel surcharge with customers and the Threats of entrants in the market will not be a problem because of the capability of turning Werner Blue freight into Werner brokerage. This will leverage and streamline growth in revenue and profits for Werner.

Key Success Factor Matrix Analysis The keys to success of success of a Werner brokerage are the management team, the brokers, the sales force and the system. Werner Brokerage highest factor is the management team. Each manager has been thought the trenches. They understand the trends the changes in the market and make wise decision when it comes to creating value for their business units. The sales force has the ability to sell brokerage; however, sales do not understand how the brokerage department works w1ithing Werner. Sales have to go through the main office if they have an opportunity for brokerage instead of going to the office themselves. The Sales force has to be a little more aggressive in asking customers if their freight earn be utilize by the brokerage department to give the customer options.

The other factor is the brokers. They have to establish the relationships with the partner carriers. The brokers have to be aggressive and make sure that they understand the market fluctuations so the brokers will not over pay to the carriers and can negotiate more when truck are loose in a certain market.

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Implications of Analysis
The implications in either of this analysis are that changes can occur anytime. The market 5 years from now might be that everything is plentiful and It is just enough freight for everyone in the market place. The analysis helps companies to pinpoint where they need to maintain their focus the most. One would say keep building on your strengths focus on a weakness and turn it into strengths. The SWOT is a very good indicator of where a company is in relation to the competition the SCOT helps organizing the skills and capabilities to increase opportunities and thwart threats. The key factors helps in pulling out the areas where a company can generally classify where they know what areas are vital to keep and add talent to fit within the overall success of the company.

Analyzing the Company Strategy Type -Part II Strategy Type

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An effective strategy aligns itself with the mission and the vision of the company. Management must understand the complexity and intricate details of the company. Moreover, how is Werner going to capture customers? For Werner Brokerage customer relationship strategy is the strategy that should be implemented. The customers and carriers in the brokerage arena are customers. Relationships are very important to a broker. On the customer side creating a value or rapport with those who in charge of awarding business is advantageous. Most people rather work with someone who they are familiar. The goal is to find common ground with customer and provide them with a service that is the best.

Carriers are more apt to work with you and become reasonable when it they value the relationship, they will tend to bend over backwards for the broker and the broker in turn will help them out especially when situations are not looking favorable. The key in relationship strategy is Communication, commitment, and compromise what I call the three C's of a healthy relationship.

Communication is the door to build trust and honesty within the relationship. All parties involved are lining up into on accord and commitments are established. Carriers, customers, and brokers start negotiating to be able to secure business and compromise made to get the commitments they want to reach. All three C's are working simultaneously this point; however communication is the key.

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Supporting Argument
Werner Brokerage should pursue the customer relationship strategy. The one area they are missing the boat is setting up the small carriers who is willing to start with a company especially when there is not enough business to see how they operate. Werner Brokerage managers currently do not have a direct relationship with customers as they do with carriers. Each groups Is equally important for Werner brokerage; customers provide the freight and the carriers provide the equipment. For Werner brokerage, the current strategy needs to tweaking to allow sales and brokerage managers to work closely together to sustain business or create new business.

Analyzing the Company Strategy Moves

Relevant Strategy Moves

A Werner enterprise applies the judo strategy when it comes to doing business with their customers. I would like to say more like a full court press. Werner has many weapons from assets, dedicated, brokerage, intermodal, LTL, TMS and one-way. When sales go into a customer they listen to the customer needs and then they will develop a plan based on their needs. The sales team takes time creating and developing relationships with the customer. When the customer sees that Werner is just not a trucking company but one shop stop for all of their logistical needs they become more intrigued. Werner is a debt free company and a $15 billion entity and they can choose who they want to business with.

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Once a customer gives freight opportunity it is sent to implementation with in Werner and then the freight funnels to one of its five verticals EASE, Manufacturing and Distribution, Retail, Food and Beverage, and Customer Development. Werner uses these verticals to separate the customers based on their market segmentation. These groups are responsible of where to funnel the freight within the organization to assets, brokerage, intermodal, international, or dedicated. The strategy works tor Werner, However there are times when the sales force could bypass the verticals and go straight to brokerage to obtain faster turnaround to customers about freight that need to be rated on the spot.

Supporting Argument
Werner over the last three years has sustained double digit growth. Werner brokerage may not have reached its goals; however, they still experiences an 18% revenue growth and 14% profit growth in 2011. HD, Bass Pro, Navistar, Chevron, Ryder - DR. Pepper, PepsiCo rely on Werner to handle their logistics in certain segments of their business and Werner is using all of their product lines within these companies to sustain their business. Werner strategy has given them a market differentiation when it comes to their competitors. Customer relationships play a major role for the success of the company.

Alignment and Goals Analysis

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Alignment Checklist and Unit Goals

When goals are developed Werner involves its people to come up with ideas. This act is important because the employees feel that they are valued and this helps with the buying of the goals. Werner is a people focus company and realizes that their best assets are their people. Each group has different incentives to compensate employees. Money is not the top motive sometimes but having sense of value when working and recognition. Werner spends time to make sure training is available, promotes from within, have a relief fund for employees who experience a life altering hardship.

The company will even open a non- interest fee loan and tuition reimbursement. The culture of the company is conservative, but they allow their people to be innovative and creative to move to help grow the company and take care of the customers. Many of the employees say that Werner is a great company to work for and even though they can go somewhere else and receive more money; however, there are some intrinsic values they do not want to give up.

Supporting Argument
The Werner brokerage incentives for its employees are the best in the brokerage industry. The employees receive a salary that is better than the industry standard and they receive a monthly bonus when they bring a certain level of profit. One branch was struggling to hold margins, freight was being missed, and the confidence in the office was diminished. The company hires a new manager. The new manager had inputted a new structure and strategy and in a year, the office went from 3% margins in2010 to averaging 11.6% margins in2011. The

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goal of the manager is to make sure each of employees stay involved in decision making for the office, gave accountability, and creating value in the office.

Action Plan Analysis Relevant Action Plan

Werner sets goals for the company and then each business unit within the organization formulates their goals to match up with the goals of the organization. Each department with in the business units sets goals to line up with the goal of the department. Top management must make sure that the goals are attainable, is the goals compatible with the strategy of the corporation, will it receive the support, and will the plan be complete to meet the strategy of the corporation How to measure performance needs to be developed and agreed upon. In Werner every department have their employees based on different criteria. Werner is segmented so performance measures have to differ from one department to the other; however, employees need a clear understanding on what metric are being used to evaluate them. Actions steps would need to be formulated asking if the plan can be broken down into smaller pieces and assigned someone to make sure the steps are taken care of and then added back to make sure every steep is in alignment. Management must determine the resources needed to reach the new plan. Will additional training be needed? Does the equipment that have is it adequate to handle what is being asked? Is the building has enough space for the new employees? Should we get a larger space to plan for growth? Do we have the talent to handle new projects? Alternatively, do we need to backfill a

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position because we are moving some into a new role? Management must identify interlocks between departments. Will Human Resources be involved in the hiring and filing process?

Supporting Argument
Werner brokerage meets once a year to create a strategy for the next year. Each office lines up their office to meet the goals. Every office is different but the key resource is its people. The brokerage department wants to tap in to the refrigerated segment. The issue is that only 2% of the brokers are familiar with buying and selling refrigerated freight (TCU). The number of carries who haul TCU has diminished. Each office is out looking for a broker who has experience (TCU) broker. Goals and plans are useful when the employees are involved in the process and everyone has a clear understanding of what is going on.

Fitness Landscape Analysis Description of Fitness Landscape and Analysis

The Brokerage segment of the Logistics field has went through many changes over the last 20 years. The creation of optimization system to help in determining strategies in pricing and being able to help partner carriers to move win the various networks. According to (Silver, 2003) Freight brokers are small part of the overall logistics industry and since the inception of freight brokers they have used the services of trucking companies and railroads that move freight, and competed with them. Fitness could be described as two dimensions; survival fitness and reproductive fitness. Survival fitness is the ability to adapt and exist. Reproductive fitness is to endure and produce similar systems (McCarthy, 2004). Since 2008 the whole transportation industry has taking a

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blow due of rising fuel cost, credit, loss of drivers, new regulatory reform. In the brokerage and asset based segments it has been the survival of the fittest. Werner Enterprises has done that they have adapted to the changing climate and continue to exist because of the VAS arm created which house brokerage, LTL, intermodal, and international. Werner Enterprises is more of a logistics company even though they are considered a trucking company. The weakness of Werner and where there is potential is their homegrown system SMART. In the fitness landscape of the brokerage segment CH Robinson is the largest 3PL provider in the industry and they have spent millions into their system to be able to make the decision to stay a dominate player. Werner can follow suite investing in their systems, and make a clear separation and be a dominant player in the asset based and the 3PL segments.

Dominant discourse theory is the idea of a person not talking in the terms of the visions, missions, strategic plans, targets, policy, rules, performance, efficiency, and improvement they will not be able to sustain their membership of the more powerful grouping in organizations today (Stacey, 2011). Within Werner this fits whether you are in the field or the home office being able to talk in the terms in the Stacy description is going to keep you respected in the company. In one thought the dominant discourse theory can create yes men instead of out of the box thinkers. That may be true; however the individual must be creative to excite change in the context of the companies culture. Many time organizations go outside to bring in new blood to be able to bring in a freshness to the organization to keep it competitive not complacent.

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Implications of Analysis (10 points)

Werner Enterprises is a great company that has a group of talented individuals in the company. I believe that Werner Brokerage and the rest of the company have the people in place from to achieve the goals of the company. From a systems perspective the Werner needs to invest in a system that will provide them more information that will help them optimize their process to serve their clients. The transportation industry is going through changes and Werner like any other company has to make decision that will help it whether through the storms. Werner has the financial status, the equipment, and the diverse portfolio to be a dominant player in both the asset based and 3PL segments in the Industry.

Boid Analysis Boid Analysis Systems Description and Analysis

In the early years of brokerage the rules was very simple get what you can no matter how you do it. To the customers it was representative of legal pirates. Over the years, the brokerage companies who wanted to create and maintain business had to differentiate themselves form that stigmata and the Third Party Logistics term was formed. Companies like CH Robinson, Allen Lund, NYK logistics, and Coyote Logistics all have found ways to penetrate customers to leverage pricing, and hire the carriers needed to haul the freight.

When these 3Pl dominate the market in their segment, they began to form the rules of the game. CH Robinson is a machine that the majority of upstart brokerage companies try to use their model to fit their business needs. The industry still relies on the face-to-face interaction,

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relationship, and that handshake. There is also good pricing and service that is taken out as well. There is no loyalty, as it perceived to be in the industry. Most customers will turn which way the wind blow, they are always having their eyes and ears open for the lowest paid truck driver.

The industry itself can be classified with some rules of the Boid Analysis: avoidance, alignment, and attraction. There are attributes in the brokerage segment that fit within the framework of these rules. There are not many 3PL willing to avoid any type of opportunity.

The customers may avoid brokerage because of the use of different carriers of hauling their freight. The asset-based companies provide a better sense of security to most customers because of the equipment and reputation. Most customers are looking for carriers who can provide drop equipment at either end of the particular shipping lanes. Brokerage avoids customers who require drops most of the time because the carriers who they use are trying to get back home or into markets where they have to return to move freight for their customers.

The seasonality of the how the freight moves across the country is where you can see alignment within the brokerage arena. The last couple of years have brought about some difficulties because of the cost of fuel, loss of drives, and new regulations within the industry. The use of load boards and transportation reports try to assist by giving industry updates helps to provide consistency in pricing. The attraction to the brokerage arena is the money to be made. Many of the asset-based companies are creating brokerage departments to handle the freight from their customers that they cannot handle because of capacity. The other attraction is the fact an individual can be his or her own boss.

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Implications of Analysis (7 points)

The Boid analysis is good for management or companies to understand why or why not they want to enter into a segment. Werner brokerage for example could use the analysis to see which customers they want to avoid based on shipping parameters, credit, and value of freight. Difficulty and special hauling they may avoid altogether because of the type of equipment the brokerage partner carriers may not have access to. The attraction to the industry for Werner is because of the amount of freight that was turned down by the assets; Werner believed that creating a brokerage department that they could capitalize on missed opportunities. Werner was able to align themselves with their customers by providing other product lines to customers. Werner is looking to become a partner with their customers and to be the mainstay of shipping the customers products.

Industry Evolution Modeling Industry Evolution Modeling Description and Analysis

The Brokerage industry is still in the stages of the first order thinking. The development into cybernetic systems and computer models has not been accessed into that arena. Few companies within the brokerage industry that may have reached the second order level of thinking however very few have. According to (Stacey, 2003), first order thinking systems is concerned with intervening in the system to define clear goals, identify problems, and propose rational solutions. The second order thinking according is built on understanding the that human being determine the world they experience and requires that we reflect upon how we operate as perceiving and knowing observers (Stacey, 2003).

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With this in mind the brokerage industry managers and researches has to be cognizant of their own framework and understanding of what they know about the industry. Werner has moved has not the second order thinking in its planning. People are their greatest asset and they know that the environment needs to be that of where the employees add value with their hard work, dedication, and ideas to keep the machine moving. The people in Werner still want a clear direction for goals, problem identification and solution, and observing others within the industry.

Within the second order thinking there are levels that Bateson described that employees or organization s go through. Level 1 is the process where learning and mental modes stay the same. Level 2 because those learning and mental modes to change as time progress, and level 3 learning and mental modes are changed by some spiritual or unexplained causes. The Second order thinking. Most companies within the brokerage arena are using hard system think methods because of the involvement of people and the observation of what is going on in the industry. The complexities within the industry make it difficult to computerize a system that will work. Every company is different and customers can change their minds frequently on they choose to use to haul their freight.

Brokerage thrives off communication and the industry is still about face-to-face relationship, even though the technology that is available. Werner itself enjoys the fruits from the hard system thing because of the amount of freight it can move through its pipeline and being allowed to take on more to reach the goals the company has set. There are situations where second order thinking can operate inside of a hard system framework. This is possible when small projects are available or focused groups are needed.

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Implications of Analysis (10 points)

The implication of the first order thinking is that a company or individual can get stuck in a recycling mode and will not try to think out of the box. Just because goals are set does not mean that the way to reach the goals have to be followed by a certain set a rules and guidelines. The second order thinking is that doesnt take into account the participating observer, but eliminating it through the device of redrawing boundaries and changing level of descriptions (Stacey, 2003). There are times that first order thinking companies can incorporate the second order thinking when it comes to special projects or handling a particular issue that has to some new solution. The world is changing and old process and thoughts will not work on the new issues of today,

The brokerage industry has changed over the last 10 years. More asset based companies are beginning to use their own in house 3PLS, a majority of smaller mom and pop companies have joined together, sold their business, or went out of business. Most companies do not want to have anything to do with brokers for various of reasons; however, the most voiced reason is that customers are looking drop trailer equipment and since 3pl do not have any equipment themselves its making them more vulnerable to the lack of business. Werner has capitalized on this by having carries sign a trailer interchange agreement, which will allow carriers to use Werner trailers. This action helps Werner to provide a service to carriers who are looking for freight into certain areas. The customer will still be satisfied because of the system that Werner has in place. The evolution of the industry is that asset based companies will be able to provide more services to the customers to get the freight moving.

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Life Cycle Assessment (20 points) due in Week 7 LCA Modeling Description and Analysis (10 points)
The 3PL arena has it time over the last ten years. Before 2008 when the market melted down 3PL companies were flourishing. Werner brokerage has been around since 2006, and compared to the rest of the brokerage industry it survived through new process and customer demands. In 2009, the pendulum of power switched from the carriers to the customers. Most customers were price driven in 2009 which led to a lot of carriers hauling freight while make minimal to no profits.

The 3PL industry the life cycle is continuous. The products need to move from point A to Point B by an asset-based carrier and it will move through the company itself or a broker. Many asset-based companies to input into their organizations to capture opportunities are exploring the 3PL segment. The customers are not trying to utilize non-asset based carriers so that assurance of their freight will pick up and deliver.

Fuel and government regulation are two outside forces that is impacting the transportation industry. Brokers have to make sure that the carriers that they are using are in compliance to the new government regulations. If the brokerage companies fail to perform their due diligence on the carriers, and they have the possibility of being held liable for any issues that occur. Fuel prices have been higher over the last 3 years compared to that of the 10 prior years. Many carries have had to change the way to run their business. Smaller companies keep most of their trucks in a defined region.

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Implications of Analysis
The transportation industry does not have a life cycle compared to the products being shipped. The transportation industry will continue to thrive, as products are needed to move from one place to another. The life cycle is a great indictor within majority of the industry and management could use to access when to make decision when it comes to price, introducing a new development with and existing product, or phase out and introduce another product. The implication in the transportation industry when it comes to brokerage or asset based there is no creation or ending with this industry. The commodities shipped all have a life cycle it goes through as the tractors and trailers used within the transportation industry.

Compliance to Innovation Analysis

Compliance to Innovation Description and Analysis

The possibilities are open in the Third Party logistics segment. Transportation programs are being created now to assist companies in tracking methods, freight optimization, and lane and rate analysis. Many of the companies within the industry have undergone retrofitting their drivers with QUALCOMMs. This action has led to many companies leaning towards going with more asset-based providers than the 3PL providers do. The 3PL have a difficult time implanting new technology due to cost and infrastructure. C.H. Robinson has pumped millions of dollars into their system to take care of issues that can affect their bottom line.

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Werner has been looking at ways to create new ideas to streamline process, make more money with existing customers. Werner Brokerage management has asked for upgrades on the in house system so that they can better leverage rates. Upper management is making decisions and goals, and needed in the consulting arcana with some schools. Werner could potentially be a pioneer with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) collaborating with some of the industry leaders of customers, government, and other carriers. The use of RFID potentially change the industry and streamline process, have better control on location and communication would become better and seamless.

Implications of Analysis
Innovation is an idea that will keep companies as the leaders within their markets. There are companies who are better at accessing information; however do they know what they are handling. Innovation is costly, because of the amount of infrastructure that has to implement and training hours. Many of the companies might make some changes where cost is no concern of theirs, and others may need to innovate and invest before they start losing revenues and profit sharing.

Sustainable Value Framework Analysis Detailed Analysis of All Four Quadrants

Sustainability is a multifaceted challenge throughout any company. Opportunities and risks are changing rapidly that management wants to learn how to ride the waves or be ahead of those changes. Companies have to create value within their new framework and have concerns about the environment around them. Management has to be concerned with creating stakeholder value and wealth while revolutionizing its business thinking.

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Werner vision To be recognized as global logistics partner providing customized supply chain solutions that manage cost, improve visibility and pursue continuous improvement throughout our customers network (Werner, 2011). Werner mission To deliver value to our customers, business partners and shareholders through leading edge global supply chain solutions that exceed expectations and promote safety while we remain customer focused and asset-backed (Werner, 2011). Werner goal to meet its vision and mission is focusing on the value added services (VAS) division to leading the way to improve growth and profitability while keeping the asset side operating efficiently and maintain its business.

The framework for Werner to create sustainable business using the four quadrants there has to be an understanding of the internal and external drivers for today and tomorrow. The lower left Quadrant of the Sustainable Value framework chart is internal for today. Werner strategy is to have the sales staff to engage new and existing customers to capture more freight opportunities for rail, LTL, international, and primarily brokerage. Werner needs to improve the quality of the customer service teams who interfaces with the customers daily, replace complacent brokers with aggressive brokers who will take risk to move freight, and improve rates that will capture business but not run the risk of losing it to another provider. The payoff will be higher revenues, repeatable business, and leveraged margins.

The next quadrant is the external for today is to increase Werner needs to be more collaborative with its stakeholders to increase the transparency of its goals. Werner customers have to understand that Werner has the ability to take care of every transportation need available.

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The more transparent Werner can be with its stakeholders the better the reputation and validity of services can improve. The third quadrant is the Internal for tomorrow. Werner strategy for tomorrow is to implement a better software system. The current system does not allow brokers to match up lanes to keep continuous flow equipment within the lanes. the system does not allow for integration of industry tools that will help brokers and management to provide rates faster. Investing in a more intelligent system will allow for Werner managers and employees to make better decisions.

The last quadrant is external for tomorrow. Werner management can plan by having an open forum with its stakeholder to gather ideas of how to meet the goals and map out a desired projector to obtain those future goals. The result will create sustainable growth path. The managing for one stage to the other would be a team of upper management across all divisions, with senior employees and a valued outside stakeholder. Werner as a great product; however, there is much room for improvement. The volatility of the transportation industry there needs to be strategies in place for Werner to stay ahead of the curve and become more of an industry leader.

Argument in Support of Conclusions

Werner brokerage has had sustainable growth in the last couple of years. They are in the top 100-3PL providers for five years in a row. Werner can continue on their path and one of the advantages they have over many of their competition is that the Brokerage division is asset backed and because of those assets, more opportunity is available. The 8-brokerage managers have a combined average of 15 years experience within the brokerage arena. Werner

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management is constantly exploring ways to position for success and to be a viable 3PL provider.

Implications of Analysis
The implication s for Werner is that eventually they will need to understand that their other companies who are looking to grow and add talent. In an interview with recruiters, former employees, and current employees, Werner is as great company to work for; however, they will have to start paying valued employees. Werner will have to recruit employees who have the intangible skills needed to take them into the future and to meet the planned goals.

Conclusions
The brokerage arena is saturated and the companies that have the right strategy are able to survive the various cycles within in the supply chain. Werner enterprises have the mechanism to achieve the desired growth and maintain profitability. Werner managements goals are to become a premier logistic provider and they have obtained that status. Maintaining and building upon is achievable if they take heed to some of the recommendations that have been presented within the paper.

Sales need to engage more with the customers and offer more of the product lines other than assets. The Inside sales team and CSM need more industry training and understand the importance of engaging the customers freight, and replacing employees all over the VAS who are complacent and non-aggressive. The brokerage management team needs to be allowed to bring in customers or go on customer visits with the sales team. Werner again has a viable

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model for growth with a little tweaking Werner could move within the top 5 of the 3PL providers.

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References

Business dictiona1y (2011) Value analysis. Retrieved Janua1y 26, 2012 from http://w>v>v.businessdictionarv.com/definition/value-analvsis.html IRS (1998) Trucking industry overview, trends. Retrieved January 26, 2012 from http: //www.irs.e.ov/businesses/aticle/O. .id=170624.00.html Lockridge. (2008). Trucking trends to 2020. Retrieved January 26,2012 from http: //ww\v.hdre..org/20 II Presentations/Newport.pdf Stakeholdennap.com (20II) stakeholder definition. Retrieved Janua1y 26, 2012 from http://www.stakeholdermap.com/stakeholder-identification.html

Thomas net (2011) IMT: Top 10 challenges in the trucking indushy. Rehieved January 26, 2012 from http://www.hdrg.org/20 II Presentations/Newoo11.pdf

Wemer (2009). TMS Transportation Management Systems & Supply Chain Sustainability. Retrieved January 26, 2012 from http: //www.werner.com /assets/ pdf/whitepapers/wp tm s.pdf

WSJ (2011) Werner Enterprises Named One of Inbound Logistics' Top I00 3PL Providers. Retrieved Janua1y from http://online.wsj.c01nfaticle/PR-C0-20II 0803-909372.html

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