;

(1957)

(morphophonemic
component)
t)

y ;
y

;
y ,
;
y
;
y
;
y , (creativepower)
;
y

( f
(performance);
)

(competence):
y .

1957 1965

(semantics)

(GeorgeLakoff
George Lakoff)

(Katz)
(Fodor)

(TheStructureofaSemanticTheory
Th St t
f S
ti Th
)

(Language)

(An

IntegratedTheoryofLinguisticDescription).

,
:

S>QNPVP
Q
S>Neg NPVP
S>ImpNPVP
Q,Neg,Imp
Q Neg Imp

Neg
.

,
,

:
>

1957 (optionaltrans

formationalrule) ,1965
(obligatorytrasnformational rule):
Q >



Q


.

 (LanguageCompetence)

y (performance)

(competence)

:
y ;
y

(grammaticall

sentences) :

.. ,


,
*

*
*

(ungrammaticalsentences
i l
)
)

(kindsofsentences)

?


;;

y
(ambiguousmeaning)

[[][ ]][[ ][]]

Flying planes can be dangerous

Flyingplanescanbedangerous

y (paraphrase

sentences
t
)
);

Itistruethatyouarebeautiful
Thatyouarebeautifulistrue