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Web Browser OSI Layers Application Presentation Session 7 6 5 application oriented Hub Modem LAN Switch L2 Switch Router L3 Switch Application Switch L4-L7 Switch Web Server
7 6 5
Transport
Network Data Link Physical
4
3 2 1 1
network oriented
3 2 1 2 1 Transmission
4
3 2 1
4
3 2 1
ADSL
UDSL
(ADSL Lite)
SHDSL
VDSL
asymmetric (symmetric)
asymmetric
asymmetric
symmetric
8 Mbit/s
800 kbit/s 2.5 5 km
1.5 Mbit/s
512 kbit/s 2.5 5 km
2.3 Mbit/s
2.3 Mbit/s 2.5 5 km
51 (26) Mbit/s
14 (26) Mbit/s 0.3 1.5 km
Data Link
distance
Physical
The ATM approach tries to combine the advantages of TDM and Packet-Based data transmission Data is transmitted in small Packets with fixed length (53 Bytes) called ATM Cells The ATM Cells are classified and prioritized according to requirements
Class A Class B Class C Class D
continuous constant connection oriented Voice, Circuit Emulation AAL1 Variable Bit rate data AAL2
Applications
Data Link Physical
Type of service
AAL5
Format IP Datagram
Parameter Penting
BITS
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 31
VER
IHL
1 2 TTL
TY PE OF SERVICE
TOTAL LENGTH
IDENTIF I CATION
FLAG
4 5 6
DESTINATION ADDRESS
OPTION DATA
PA DDING
HEADER
WORDS
TTL
PROTOCOL
HEADER CHECKSUM
IP Address (IPv4)
Network
8 bits
Host
8 bits 8 bits
8 bits
128 .
26
6 .
62
Klasifikasi IP Address
0 1 2 8 16 24 31
KELAS A
NET ID
128 network
HOST ID
16.777.216 address
KELAS B
1 0
NET ID
16,384 network
HOST ID
65,536 address
KELAS C
1 1 0
NET ID
2.097.152 network
HOST ID
256 address
KELAS D KELAS C
1110 1111
Klasifikasi IP Address
KELAS A
0-127 0nnnnnnn
Bit-bit Network
0-255 hhhhhhhh
0-255 hhhhhhhh
Bit-bit Host
0-255 hhhhhhhh
KELAS B
128-191 10nnnnnn
0-255 nnnnnnnn
0-255 hhhhhhhh
0-255 hhhhhhhh
Bit-bit Network
Bit-bit Host
KELAS C
192-223 110nnnnn
0-255 nnnnnnnn
Bit-bit Network
0-255 nnnnnnnn
0-255 hhhhhhhh
Bit-bit Host
KELAS D KELAS E
dimulai dari 224 - 239, digunakan untuk multicast (u/ videoconferencing n streaming media) dimulai dari 240 - 255, digunakan untuk eksperimen
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Pengalamatan Khusus Alamat Jaringan IP address : 167.205.2.100 Network address : 167.205.0.0 Alamat Broadcast IP address : 167.205.2.100 Broadcast address : 167.205.255.255 Alamat Jaringan Lokal IP address : 167.205.2.100 Local network address : 0.0.2.100
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Latihan 1
Alamat
10.2.1.1
Kelas
Network
Host
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64 192.6.141.2 130.113.64.16 256.241.201.10
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Host Addresses
131.108.200.1 15.1.1.1
E0
131.108.3.10
E1
15.250.8.11
131.108.12.12
15.180.30.118
IP : 131.108.2.1
131 . 108 . 12 . 12
IP:15.6.24.2
Routing Table Network Interface
Network
Host
131.108.0.0 15.0.0.0
E0 E1
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Pengalamatan Tanpa Subnets
131.108.0.0
Jaringan 131.108.0.0
Sub-netting ..
Pembagian satu kelas network atas sejumlah subnetwork Pemindahan garis pemisah antara bit-bit network dengan bit-bit host Sejumlah bit pada kelompok bit host dialihkan menjadi bit-bit network
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Pengalamatan Dengan Subnets
131.108.3.0 131.108.4.0
131.108.1.0
131.108.2.0
Jaringan 131.108.0.0
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Subnet Addressing
131.108.2.200 131.108.3.5
E0
131.108.2.2
E1
131.108.3.100
131.108.2.160
131.108.3.150
IP : 131.108.2.1
131 . 108 . 2 . 160
IP:131.108.3.150
Routing Table Network Interface
Network
Host
131.108.2.0 131.108.3.0
E0 E1
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Network
Alamat IP
Default Subnet Mask 8-bit Subnet Mask
Host
131
Network
0
Host
255
Network
255
0
Subnet
0
Host
255
255
255
Subnet bits menggunakan bit-bit untuk host, dimulai dari bit posisi orde tertinggi
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Subnet Mask Bits
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = = = = = = = = 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Subnet Mask dengan Subnets
Network Subnet Host
131.108.2.160 10000011 01101100 00000010 10100000 AND 255.255.255.0 1111111 11111111 1111111 1 00000000 10000011 01101100 00000010 0000000
131
108
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Latihan 2
Alamat
131.108.2.10 15.6.24.20 168.124.36
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0
Kelas Subnet
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Perencanaan Subnet
20 Subnets 5 Hosts per subnet Alamat Kelas C: 201.222.5.0
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Contoh Perencanaan Subnet
IP Host Address: Subnet Mask: 201.222.5.121 255.255.255.248
Network
201.222.5.121 255.255.255.248 Subnet 11001001 11111111 11011110 11111111
Subnet Host
00000101 11111111 01111 001 11111 000
11001001 201
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Alamat Broadcast
131.108.2.0
Konfigurasi Alamat IP
Latihan 3
Alamat Subnet Mask Kelas Subnet Broadcast
Address Khusus ..
Default Route Network 0 IP loopback : 127.x.x.x biasanya 127.0.0.1 IP privat : 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Set bit-bit host = 0 Identifikasi suatu network Seluruh host pada satu network akan memiliki network address yang sama Set bit-bit host = 1 Untuk mengirim informasi umum / broadcast ke seluruh host dalam suatu network Seluruh host pada satu network akan memiliki broadcast address yang sama
Loopback Address
Private Address
Network Address
Broadcast Address
Multicast Address
Network 224
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
Addresses several endpoints inside an IP device with different Port Numbers connection-oriented sequence numbers count bytes of the data stream -order and completeness of packets guaranteed -retransmission of missing data flow-control implementation using window sizes to prevent overflow of receiver 20 bytes File-Transfer (ftp) Web-surfing (http) e-Mail (SMTP, pop3) connectionless no sequence numbers -order and completeness of packets is not guaranteed -no retransmission possible
no flow-control implementation
overhead
8 bytes Network Management (SNMP) Network Time Protocol (NTP) Routing (RIP:Routing Information Protocol, OSPF: Open Sortest Path First)
applications
Data
Datagram Packet Frame
Ethernet IP TCP
11011010111
Mengijinkan penggunaan IP privat untuk terhubung ke internet Menterjemahkan IP privat ke IP publik dan sebaliknya.