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Note! Answer sheet!
Computers and Software Engineering A, 15 credits, DV006A

Midterm Exam
Time: Wednesday, January 16, 2008
Place: 51:525A
Duration: 3 hours
Exam aids: This is a closed-book exam. The only student materials allowed are pencils,
erasers and an English-Chinese dictionary.
General Instructions: Write your answers on separate sheets of paper and do not write your
answers on the pages of the exam. Start each section of the exam on a new sheet of paper.
Write on only one side of each answer sheet and put your name at the top of each answer
sheet. If the question is unclear to you, explain the ambiguity and your interpretation of the
question in your answer. Try to answer all of the exam questions and use illustrations in order
to get partial credit for the question. However, if the question asks for exactly two responses,
do not answer with three or more alternative answers.
Note that some of the questions related to Chapter 2 (Data Manipulation) refer to
Appendix 1: language description table on the last page of this exam.
Scoring: There are a total of 75 questions and a maximum of 100 points in this exam. At least
50% of the maximum number of points must be scored in order to get a passing grade. The
ECTS scale will be used on all passing grades (i.e., grades of A, B, C, D and E will be given).
The questions are not listed in order of difficulty.
GOOD LUCK!
Section 1. Questions with Multiple Choice Answers (There are 25 questions

in this section each worth 1 point apiece.)
Answer these questions with only one letter!
Chapter One (Data Representation)
1.1 Which of the following Boolean operations produces the output 0 for the fewest number of
input patterns?
A. AND B. OR C. XOR
ANSWER: B
1.2 What is the result of the binary operation 11110000 XOR 11110000?
A. 11110000 B. 10100101 C. 00000000 D. 11110101
ANSWER: C
1.3 Which of the following bit patterns represents the decimal integer value 31?
A. 00011010 B. 00001111 C. 00010110 D. 00011111
ANSWER: D
1.4 What is the base ten value of the binary fraction 101.101?
A. 5.101 B. 5.625 C. 5.75 D. 45
ANSWER: B
1.5 How many bytes are there in a Unicode character?
A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 2
ANSWER: D
Chapter Two (Data Manipulation)
1.6 When a STORE operation is performed, what information besides the data to be stored
must be sent over the bus to main memory by the CPU?
A. the program counter contents B. an address

C. the contents of register 0 D. the instruction register contents
ANSWER: B
1.7 Which of the following instructions (as described in the Appendix 1: language description
table) changes the contents of a memory cell?
A. 10AB B. 30AB C. 20AB D. 40AB
ANSWER: B
table) places 00000000 in register A?
A. 1A00 B. 2A00 C. 3A00 D. 200A
ANSWER: B
table) changes the contents of register 7?
A. 4077 B. 4075 C. 4057 D. 37BB
ANSWER: C
1.10Which of the following instructions falls into the category of data transfer instructions?
A. JUMP B. ROTATE C. LOAD D. AND
ANSWER: C
Chapter Three (Operating Systems)
1.11Which of the following components of an operating system maintains the directory

system?
A. File manager B. Device drivers C. Memory manager
ANSWER: A
1.12Which of the following components of an operating system is critical for multitasking so

that one task cannot address and change the intructions in another task?
A. Memory manager B. File manager C. Device drivers
ANSWER: A
1.13Which of the following items of information would not be contained in an operating

system’s process table?
A. The location of the memory area assigned to the process

B. The priority of each process
C. Whether the process is ready or waiting
D. The machine language instructions being executed by the process
ANSWER: D
1.14The end of a time slice is indicted by the occurrence of a signal called
A. An interrupt B. A semaphore C. A login
ANSWER: A
1.15Which of the following is not an attempt to provide security?
A. Passwords B. Privilege levels C. Multitasking
ANSWER: C
Chapter Four (Networks and the Internet)
1.16What is an alternative model to the client/server model used for interprocess

communication?
A. gateway B. proxy C. peer-to-peer
ANSWER: C
1.17Which layer of the TCP/IP hierarchy reassembles messages as their pieces arrive at the
destination?
A. Application B. Link C. Network D. Transport
ANSWER: D
1.18Which layer of the TCP/IP hierarchy directs message segments through the Internet so that
they get closer and closer to their destination?
A. Application B. Transport C. Network D. Link
ANSWER: C
1.19Which of the following is not a means of connecting networks?
A. Switch B. Server C. Router D. Bridge
ANSWER: B
1.20Which of the following identifies the application to which a message arriving from the
Internet should be given?
A. Protocol B. Port number C. Domain D. Hop count
ANSWER: B
Chapter Five (Algorithms)
1.21Which of the following is an activity?
A. Algorithm B. Program C. Process
ANSWER: C
1.22Which of the following set of instructions defines an algorithm in the formal, strict sense?
A. X ← 3; B. X ← 3; C. X ← 3;
while (X < 5)do while (X < 5) do while (X < 5) do
(X ← X) (X ← X + 1) (X ← X - 1)
ANSWER: B
1.23Which of the following Java statements is guaranteed to loop at least one time?
A. do-while B. while C. for

ANSWER: A
1.24When searching within the list
Lewis, Maurice, Nathan, Oliver, Pat, Quincy, Roger
which of the following entries will take the most time to find using the sequential search
algorithm?
A. Maurice B. Nathan C. Oliver
ANSWER: C
1.25When searching within the list
Lewis, Maurice, Nathan, Oliver, Pat, Quincy, Roger
which of the following entries will take the most time to find using the binary search algorithm?
A. Maurice B. Nathan C. Oliver
ANSWER: B
Section 2. Fill-in-the-blank/Short-answer Questions (There are 25 questions
in this section each worth 2 points apiece.)
Answer these questions with words, numbers and/or sentences.
2.1 Represent the bit pattern 1011010010011110 in hexadecimal notation.
ANSWER: B49E
2.2 A7DF is the hexadecimal representation for what bit pattern?
ANSWER: 1010 0111 1101 1111
2.3 How many different bit patterns can be formed if each must consist of exactly 10 bits?
ANSWER: 1024 (2**10)
2.4 What is the largest numeric value that could be represented with three bytes if each digit
were encoded using one ASCII pattern per byte? What if binary notation were used? (Just
give an expression for the numeric value; you do not need to calculate the actual value.)
ANSWER: With ASCII, the largest numeric value is 999. With binary notation, the largest
value is 2**24 = 16,777,215.
2.5 Suppose a digital camera has a storage capacity of 256MB. How many photographs could
be stored in the camera if each consisted of 1024 pixels per row and 1024 pixels per
column if each pixel required three bytes of storage?
ANSWER: If each pixel required one byte, a single picture would require 1024 X 1024 =
1MB. However, since each pixel requires 3 bytes then each picture requires 3MB of storage.
256MB/3MB = 85 pictures (with 1MB to spare).
2.6 If register 0 contains the pattern 01101001 before executing the instruction A503 (see the
language description table), what bit pattern will be in register 0 after the instruction is
executed?
ANSWER: register 0 will still contain the bit pattern 01101001 since the instruction A503
rotates the data in register 5.
2.7 Can AND-operations be performed directly on memory cells? Explain your answer!
ANSWER: No. The only operations that can be performed on memory cells are LOAD (from
memory cell to register) and STORE (from register to memory cell). Data must reside in a
register before it can be manipulated by a binary operation such as AND.
2.8 Encode each of the following commands in terms of the machine language described in
Appendix 1: language description table.
A. LOAD register 7 with the value A5.
B. LOAD register 7 with the contents of the memory cell at address A5.
C. ADD the contents of registers 5 and 6 as thought they were values in two’s
complement notation and leave the result in register 4.
D. OR the contents of registers 5 and 6, leaving the result in register 4.
ANSWER: A. 27A5 B. 17A5 C. 5456 (or 5465) D. 7456 (or 7465)
2.9 What are the three operations performed during each machine cycle?
ANSWER: Fetch, decode, execute
2.10Using the machine language described in the language description table, write a sequence
of instructions that will place the pattern FF in the memory cell at address A0.
ANSWER: 2XFF, 3XA0 (where X can be any register but must be the same in both
instructions)
2.11 A ______________ is a set of instructions. In contrast, a ________________ is the

activity of executing those instructions.
ANSWER: program, process
2.12Suppose an operating system allocates time slices in 10 millisecond units and the time
required for a context switch is negligible.
A. How many processes can obtain a time slice in one second?
B. How many processes can obtain a time slice in one second if half of them use only
half of their slice?
ANSWER: A. 100 B. 150
2.13What is the difference between time-sharing and multitasking?
ANSWER: Multitasking means that a number of tasks are run at the same time. Time-sharing
allows tasks to share a single CPU by giving each task a time-slice.
2.14What is the difference between a process that is waiting as opposed to a process that is
ready?
ANSWER: A process that is waiting would not be able to advance if given a time slice
(perhaps because it is waiting for a peripheral device to complete a task) whereas a process
that is ready would be able to continue execution if given a time slice.
2.15Explain the difference between application software and system software.
ANSWER: System software provides the infrastructure required by the application software. It
includes the operating system and utilities. Application software provides the unique
functionality required to perform the particular tasks for with the computer is used. Examples
include word processors, spreadsheet systems, database systems, and image processing
systems.
2.16Write the entire URL required to retrieve the Web document named bulldogs.html from
the Web server at animals.org assuming that the document is stored in the directory named
dogs.
ANSWER: http://animals.org/dogs/bulldogs.html
2.17What are two basic differences between the transport level protocols named UDP and
TCP?
ANSWER: 1. TCP establishes a logical connection between initiating computer and

responding computer while UDP just sends a message with no initial contact. 2. The origin and
destination computers use acknowledgements and retransmissions to insure that all sent
segments are received in full. UDP does no such checking.
2.18Name three kinds of servers.
ANSWER: Possible answers include: name server, file server, mail server, Web server,
etc.
2.19Many people use the terms Internet and world-wide web interchangeably. What is the
difference between the Internet and the world-wide web?
ANSWER: The Internet is the infrastructure used by the world-wide web. That is, the world-
wide web is only one application of the Internet. Other applications include email, ftp, and
telnet.
2.20What is the difference between HTML and HTTP?
ANSWER: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used mainly to transfer files
containing HTML-coded (HyperText Markup Language). HTML-tags are inserted into the
text file to tell the web-browser how to display the text.
2.21What sequence of values will be printed when the following instructions are executed?
X ← 10;
while (X < 7) do
(print the value of X;
X ← X + 1)
print the value of X;
while (X > 2) do
(print the value of X;
X ← X - 2)
ANSWER: 10, 10, 8, 6, 4
2.22Suppose the binary search algorithm was being used to search for the entry Feng in the list
Cheng, Fu, Hu, Li, Pan, Wang, Zheng
What would be the first entry in the list to be considered? What would be the second entry in
the list to be considered?
ANSWER: A. Li B. Fu
2.23What would be printed if the following instructions were executed?
X ← 5;
print the value of X;
Y ← 3;
if (X < Y) then (print the value 6)
else (print the value of X)
ANSWER: 5, 5
2.24Do the following instructions define an algorithm? Explain your answer.
Write down one hundred positive odd integers.

Select the integer in the middle of the list.
Print the even integer that is one less than the selected odd integer.
ANSWER: Yes, the instructions are executable.
2.25Identify a flaw in the control of the following loop.
X ← 9
while (X > 8) do
(X ← X + 2)
ANSWER: The loop will never termination.
Section 3. Vocabulary (Matching) Questions (There are 25 questions in this
section each worth 1 point apiece.)
Answer these questions with the one letter of the word in the list that best
matches the description.
3.1 A segment of a track in a mass storage system.

3.2 A digital circuit capable of holding a single digit.
3.3 A storage area used to hold data on a temporary basis, often as a step in transfering the
data from one device to another.
3.4 AND, OR, XOR, NOT.
3.5 A means of encoding music in terms of notes and instruments rather
than actual audio.
A. bit B. buffer C. pixel

D. boolean operations E. ISO F. GIF
G. address H. ANSI I. JPEG
J. hexadecimal notation K. ASCII L. Unicode
M. sector N. flip-flop O. MIDI
P. key field
ANSWER: 3.1: M, 3.2: N, 3.3: B, 3.4: D, 3.5: O
3.6 The part of a machine instruction that is not the op-code.

3.7 A means of isolating particular bits within the CPU.
3.8 A location within a CPU for temporary data storage.
3.9 Used by the CPU to keep its place in the program being executed.
3.10 Used to synchronize the operations within a computer.
A. op-code B. pipeling C. clock

D. machine language E. stored-program concept F. status word
G. machine cycle H. program counter I. bps
J. register K. controller L. CISC
M. masking N. modem O. handshaking
P. bus Q. port R. bandwidth
S. memory-mapped I/O T. USB U. operand
ANSWER: 3.6: U, 3.7: M, 3.8: J, 3.9: H, 3.10: C

3.11 Memory area whose contents cannot be altered.

3.12 The act of performing more than one activity at the same time.
3.13 A means of restricting the capabilities of different processes.
3.14 The heart of an operating system.
3.15 A signal that suspends the CPU’s current activities.
A. shell B. bootstrap C. multitasking

D. time sharing E. directory path F. interactive processing
G. process H. kernel I. deadlock
J. queue K. interrupt L. GUI
M. virtual memory N. auditing software O. mutual exclusion
P. ROM Q. privilege levels
ANSWER: 3.11: P, 3.12: C, 3.13: Q, 3.14: H, 3.15: K
3.16 A network of networks.

3.17 A means of blocking undesired messages.
3.18 A means of connecting networks to form an internet.
3.19 Identifies a machine on the Internet.
3.20 A governing set of rules.
A. internet B. dotted decimal C. ISP

D. domain E. URL F. firewall
G. protocol H. search engine I. packet
J. cloud K. Ethernet L. XML
M. IP address N. UDP O. FTP
P. HTML Q. IP R. router
ANSWER: 3.16: A, 3.17: F, 3.18: R, 3.19: M, 3.20: G
3.21 A basic building block.

3.22 A means of saving the result of a computation for future use.
3.23 A means of producing different actions depending on a condition.
3.24 An informal notation for representing algorithms.
3.25 The fundamental concept in computer science.
A. algorithm B. stepwise refinement C. pretest loop

D. pseudocode E. loop invariant F. proof of correctness
G. assignment statement H. procedure I. sequential search
J. if-then-else statement K. recursion L. primitive
ANSWER: 3.21: L, 3.22: G, 3.23: J, 3.24: D, 3.25: A

Appendix 1: language description table
Op-
code Operand Description
1 RXY LOAD the register R with the bit pattern found in the memory cell whose address is
XY. Example: 14A3 would cause the contents of the memory cell located at
address A3 to be placed
in register 4.
2 RXY LOAD the register R with the bit pattern XY.
Example: 20A3 would cause the value A3 to be placed in register 0.
3 RXY STORE the bit pattern found in register R in the memory cell whose address is XY.
Example: 35B1 would cause the contents of register 5 to be placed in the memory
cell whose
address is B1.
4 0RS MOVE the bit pattern found in register R to register S.
Example: 40A4 would cause the contents of register A to be copied into register 4.
5 RST ADD the bit patterns in registers S and T as though they were two’s complement
representations
and leave the result in register R.
Example: 5726 would cause the binary values in registers 2 and 6 to be added and
the sum placed
in register 7.
6 RST ADD the bit patterns in registers S and T as though they represented values in
floating-point
notation and leave the floating-point result in register R.
Example: 634E would cause the values in registers 4 and E to be added as floating-
point values
and the result to be placed in register 3.
7 RST OR the bit patterns in registers S and T and place the result in register R.
Example: 7CB4 would cause the result of ORing the contents of registers B and 4
to be placed in
register C.
8 RST AND the bit patterns in register S and T and place the result in register R.
Example: 8045 would cause the result of ANDing the contents of registers 4 and 5
to be placed in
register 0.
9 RST EXCLUSIVE OR the bit patterns in registers S and T and place the result in register
R.
Example: 95F3 would cause the result of EXCLUSIVE ORing the contents of
registers F and 3 to
be placed in register 5.
A R0X ROTATE the bit pattern in register R one bit to the right X times. Each time place
the bit that
started at the low-order end at the high-order end.
Example: A403 would cause the contents of register 4 to be rotated 3 bits to the
right in a circular
fashion.
B RXY JUMP to the instruction located in the memory cell at address XY if the bit pattern
in register R
is equal to the bit pattern in register number 0. Otherwise, continue with the
normal sequence of
execution. (The jump is implemented by copying XY into the program counter
during the execute
phase.)
Example: B43C would first compare the contents of register 4 with the contents of
register 0. If
the two were equal, the pattern 3C would be placed in the program counter so that
the next
instruction executed would be the one located at that memory address. Otherwise,
nothing would
be done and program execution would continue in its normal sequence.
C 000 HALT execution.
Example: C000 would cause program execution to stop.

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Note! Answer sheet!

Computers and Software Engineering A, 15 credits, DV006A

Section 1. Questions with Multiple Choice Answers (There are 25 questions

Chapter One (Data Representation)

A. 11110000 B. 10100101 C. 00000000 D. 11110101

A. 5.101 B. 5.625 C. 5.75 D. 45

1.5 How many bytes are there in a Unicode character?

Chapter Two (Data Manipulation)

A. the program counter contents B. an address

A. 10AB B. 30AB C. 20AB D. 40AB

A. 1A00 B. 2A00 C. 3A00 D. 200A

A. 4077 B. 4075 C. 4057 D. 37BB

A. JUMP B. ROTATE C. LOAD D. AND

1.11Which of the following components of an operating system maintains the directory

A. File manager B. Device drivers C. Memory manager

1.12Which of the following components of an operating system is critical for multitasking so

A. Memory manager B. File manager C. Device drivers

1.13Which of the following items of information would not be contained in an operating

A. The location of the memory area assigned to the process

1.14The end of a time slice is indicted by the occurrence of a signal called

A. An interrupt B. A semaphore C. A login

1.15Which of the following is not an attempt to provide security?

A. Passwords B. Privilege levels C. Multitasking

Chapter Four (Networks and the Internet)

1.16What is an alternative model to the client/server model used for interprocess

A. gateway B. proxy C. peer-to-peer

A. Application B. Link C. Network D. Transport

A. Application B. Transport C. Network D. Link

1.19Which of the following is not a means of connecting networks?

A. Switch B. Server C. Router D. Bridge

A. Protocol B. Port number C. Domain D. Hop count

Chapter Five (Algorithms)

1.21Which of the following is an activity?

A. Algorithm B. Program C. Process

A. do-while B. while C. for

1.24When searching within the list

Lewis, Maurice, Nathan, Oliver, Pat, Quincy, Roger

A. Maurice B. Nathan C. Oliver

1.25When searching within the list

Lewis, Maurice, Nathan, Oliver, Pat, Quincy, Roger

A. Maurice B. Nathan C. Oliver

2.1 Represent the bit pattern 1011010010011110 in hexadecimal notation.

2.2 A7DF is the hexadecimal representation for what bit pattern?

ANSWER: 1010 0111 1101 1111

ANSWER: 1024 (2**10)

Chapter Two (Data Manipulation)

D. OR the contents of registers 5 and 6, leaving the result in register 4.

ANSWER: A. 27A5 B. 17A5 C. 5456 (or 5465) D. 7456 (or 7465)

ANSWER: Fetch, decode, execute

Chapter Three (Operating Systems)

2.11 A ______________ is a set of instructions. In contrast, a ________________ is the

ANSWER: program, process

A. How many processes can obtain a time slice in one second?

ANSWER: A. 100 B. 150

2.13What is the difference between time-sharing and multitasking?

2.15Explain the difference between application software and system software.

Chapter Four (Networks and the Internet)

ANSWER: 1. TCP establishes a logical connection between initiating computer and

2.18Name three kinds of servers.

2.20What is the difference between HTML and HTTP?

ANSWER: 10, 10, 8, 6, 4

Cheng, Fu, Hu, Li, Pan, Wang, Zheng

2.11 A is a set of instructions. In contrast, a __ is the