. .

5 15

2007

 51(07)
22.1
84

84

. .
5 15 . 2- ., .
.: , 2007. 16 .
ISBN 978-5-94057-314-2
79 ,
.
, .

.
, , ,
, .
2004 .

51(07)
22.1

. . .

5 15
18.06.2007 . 60 90/16. .
1 . . 5000 .
.
. 119002, , . ., 11. . (495) 2417483.
.

ISBN 978-5-94057-314-2

. ., 2004
, 2004

 2004 ,
,
.
,
, ,
( 1, 3, 13).
, ,
,
, ,
,
. , , ,
, , ,
(
).

* *

1. ,
. ,
, .
?
2. 10 ,
9 . ?
3. .
?
4. ()
. () . ,
( ,
). :
?
5. A B B A ()
( ) .
, ,
, ( B)
4 , ( A) 9 .
?
3

6. ( ) 10 ,
6 . .
10 , , , ( 30 ), . ?
7. 2 , .
, ?
8. , 1
( , ,
).
, 1 , , ,
, .
?
9. ,
, ,
.
( , )
?
10. 3 ,
, , 2 . 10 ,
.
?
11. 10 , , 10 ,
, , 10 ,
. ?
12. 12 .
( ) ?
13. :
. 2 , 2 . ( )
. ?
[ 4
4

 , .]
14. ,
(). ( ).

15. 64 10 ( > 1),
12?
[, ,
.]
16. ( )

(, ), x
1
x .
x?
17. A B
B
40 . A
B ,
10 /,
15 /. A A
100 /, , ,
, , .
?
18. .
( ),
.
, . , :
. !
19. 140359156002848 4206377084?
5

20.
. 31
, ( ). [ 8 8 = 64 .]
21. (
) (
).
.
22. 5
3 , (
).
23.
. , ?
24. ABC
(
AB, BC, CA). , ()
.
25. ?
? ? ?
26.
,
) , ) (
).
27.
. A B .
C , CA + CB
) , ) .
6

A
B

28. ,
, ,
( ) .
,
?
29. ,
2 p1 p
1 (: 22 = 3a + 1, 24 = 5b + 1,
26 = 7c + 1, 210 1 = 1023 = 11 93).
30. 10 , 10 ,
N () .
(, )
?
( 10 )
N = 100 . [ :
2
N ,

a 10 N 2a
N 22
355
. 113 7 .]
31.
, , ,
(4 ), ( 8),
( 20 ;
, 12 30
).
, ( )
?
7

( = 4)

( = 8)

 ( 5):
32. () ,
(
).
( ),
( 12,
). [ , .]
33. ,
(, , ).

?
33bis . , . [ ,

.]
34. ? ? ? ? ?
, .

( )?
35. 6
(1, ..., 6) [
] ,
(
- )?
8

6
1

5
6

36.
n ?
n = 3 : (1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2),
(2, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 2, 1).
n = 4? n = 5? n = 6? n = 10?
37. 4 .


?
38.
.
, 3?
39. 5,
7.
40.
1
12

+ 2 3 + 3 4 + ... + 99 100

( 1% ).
41.
,
, -
, (!). [ :
!]
42. 4 , , ,
. ,
.
43. 42 a , b.
.
9

a = 2, b = 2

44. 42 ?
45. () (a1 = 1), 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... ,
an+2 = an+1 + an n = 1, 2, ...
a100 a99 .
46. () n- . , c(4) = 2, c(5) = 5,
c(6) = 14. c(10)?
47.
n , ,
n 1 .

((a, (b, c)), d) [b c, a, d].
, 10?
2 (a, b), = 1.
3 ((a, b), c), ((a, c), b),
((b, c), a), = 3.
4:
(((a, b), c), d) (((a, c), b), d) (((a, d), b), c) (((b, c), a), d)
(((b, d), a), c) (((c, d), a), b) (((a, b), d), c) (((a, c), d), b)
(((a, d), c), b) (((b, c), d), a) (((b, d), c), a) (((c, d), b), a)
((a, b), (c, d)) ((a, c), (b, d)) ((a, d), (b, c)).
48. n 1, 2, ..., n ( n 1) ,
.
( n = 5 !)?
n = 2:
n = 3:
n = 4:

1 2

, = 1;

1 2 3
1

2
3,
4

2 1 3
1 2

1 3 2

,
3
4

, = 3;

1 3

2
4

= 16.
10

1 4

2
3

1 2 3 4

1 3 2 4,

.........

49. (x1 , x2 , ..., xn) {1, 2, ..., n} ( n), x1 < x2 > x3 < x4 ...
. n = 2, 1 < 2,
= 1,

n = 3,
1<3>2
,
= 2,
2<3>1

n = 4,
1 < 3 > 2 < 4

1 < 4 > 2 < 3

2 < 3 > 1 < 4 , = 5.

2 < 4 > 1 < 3

3<4>1<2
10.
50. sn n:
s1 = 1,

s2 = 1,

s3 = 2,

s4 = 5,

s5 = 16,

X
x3
x5
x1
s2k1
tg x = 1 1! + 2 3! + 16 5! + ... =
k=1

s6 = 61.

x 2k1
.
(2k 1)!

51.
x2
1 + 1 2!

x4
+ 5 4!

x6
+ 61 6!

+ ... =

s2k

x 2k
.
(2k)!

k=0

52. s > 1

Y
X
1
1
=
1
ns
p=2 1 p s

n=1

( p,
n).
53.

X
1
1
1
1 + 4 + 9 + ... =
2
n=1

(, 2 /6, . . 3/2).
11

54. p/q ( :
p 2 + q 2 6 R 2 N
p q , 1,

N(R) /M(R), M(R)
(M R 2).
55.
an 45
an+1 /an n
:
an+1
an

= 2,

3
,
2

5
,
3

8
,
5

13
,
8

34
.
21

M(5) = 81, N(5) = 44,

N/M = 44/81

5+1

Q
D
: , 2 A
1,618. [ ,
,
PC
AB
, BC = CD .]
?
56.
1

1+
2+

a2 +

2+
1+

a1 +

1+

= a0 +

1
2 + ...

1
a3 + ...

a2k = 1
a2k+1 = 2

(
1

a0 +
a1 +

1
a2 + . . .

n ).
+

1
an

57.
y = cos 3(arccos x), y = cos 4(arccos x), y = cos n(arccos x),
|x| 6 1.
12

58. k- n
n 1 ().
59. (x, y) ,
{x = cos 2t, y = sin 3t},

{x = t 3 3t, y = t 4 2t 2 }.

60. ( 10% )
2
]

sin100 x dx.

61. ( 10% )
10
]

x x dx.

62. (, , )
1,
( , ).

:
S = + + (,

S = /2
).
63. r
1 ( 1
).
(
) r = 1/3,
r = 1/4, r = 1/n, r = 1/2.
64. n
.
?
: () , ()
n0 , () , () n0 ,
n0 ( p 1/2) .
13

y
65. ()
,

n(y) sin = const, n(y)
( n ,
1; n = 4/3).
,
n(y) :
y
n(y)

(
, , , ,
).
B
66. ABC KLM K
( K
AB, L BC, M CA).
:
L
- A
M C
.
67. 1/r ( r 2 =
= x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , r )
R (X, Y, Z).
: .

ln r, .
68. , 210 = 1024 103 , log10 2 0,3.
, , log10 2
.
69. log10 4, log10 8, log10 5,
log10 50, log10 32, log10 128, log10 125, log10 64.
14

70. , 72 50, log10 7.

71. log10 64 log10 7, log10 9, log10 3, log10 27,
log10 6, log10 12.
72. ln(1 + x) x (ln loge), log10 e ln 10
1
ln a
log10 a = ln 10
log10 a (, a = 128/125,
1024/1000 . .).
[ 67 71 ,
x3
x4
x2
ln(1 + x) x 2 + 3 4 + ...

.] h 40-
!i
73. : 1, 2,
4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, ...
1 ,
7 .
, n 2m ,
0 6 m 6 n, :
p1 30%, p2 18%, ..., p9 4%.
74. ,
, 1, 3, 9, 2, 8, 2, 7, ... ,
, ,
. p1 , ..., p9 .
: x log10 x, m, = log10 2.
, 0 1 : m,
1

e = 2,71828...

1
1
1
1 n
n 1 + + + + ...

1+

1!

ln(1 + x):

15

2!

3!
ln(1 + x)
lim
x
x0

= 1.

0 6 m < n, A n
kn (A) , n , lim(kn (A) /n) = (
A).
75. g : M M
M ,
( ) .
, U M
N x , g T x
U T > N ( ).
76. M (

(mod 2), (mod 2), g(, ) = ( + 1, + 2) (mod 2).

, {g T (x)}, T = 1, 2, ... ,
.
77. 76
g(, ) = (2 + , + ) (mod 2).
,
x (, g T(x) x = x
T > 0).
78. 76 ,
x {g T (x)}, T = 1, 2, ... ,
( x ).
79. 76 78 ,
{g T (x)}, T = 1, 2, ... , :
A n T = 1, 2, ..., n kn (A),
lim

kn (A)
n

mes A

= mes M

(, A
mes A).
13.
2000 .
: , ,
, ,
, 4 , :

.
, :
.