03 Sbornik Zadach

..
2003
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537.5 (076.2)
34673
: . .-. , ..
.. :
. : , 2003.-. 47
47
.
. .
.., 2003

, 2003

1.
2.
.
10
3.
19
4.
25
5.
33
6.
39
1.
1

(Z=18).
,
.
, ,
.
(Z=18):
: 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p6 , 1, 2, 3 -
; s p l=0 l=1;

( Z=18).

. :
n=1;l=0
l
0
0
l
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
ml
0
0
Ms
- 1/2
+1/2
n=2; l=0, 1
ml
ms
0
- 1/2
0
+1/2
0
- 1/2
0
+1/2
- 1 - 1/2
-1 +1/2
+1 - 1/2
+1 +1/2
n=3; l=0, 1, 2.
l
ml
ms
0
0
- 1/2
0
0
+1/2
j
1/2
g=2j+1
2
1s2
j
1/2
g=2j+1
2
2s2
L1
1/2
2p2
L2
3/2
2p4
L3
j
1/2
g=2j+1
2
3s2
M1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
+1
+1
- 1/2
+1/2
-1/2
+1/2
- 1/2
+1/2
1/2
3p2
M2
3/2
3p4
M3
2
L- Ll-
.
, ,
, , ,
.. .. . Z.
(
1, , ,
.. .. ).
-
( ) ,
.
:
L: L2 M1;
Ll: L3M1;
L2 j=1/2
2.
L3 j=3/2
4.
,
I L
I Ll
2 1
=
4 2
.. .. , Zr,
Nb Mo
1/2.
: W: 1/3; Th:1/6; Au:1/7;
U:1/5. -
5
L-, L3,
Ll-. - L-

(Z>73).
3
, CrK- (Z=24),
, NiK=1.658AO SiK=7.125AO.
.
:
1
= ( Z )

, .

1
:
= 2
.
( Z ) 2
:
1
1.658 = (28 )
1
= (14 )
7.125
=0.0287 =0.95.
,
:
1
=
=2.2850
2
2
0.0287 (24 0.95)
.. .. ,
CrK1- 2.28970.

.
4
2 L2 , 3 ,
( , Z=37,
Rhc=13,606 eV; 2 = 5,326210-5).
2
-
L2 , 3 .

2 (Z 2 ) 4
E = Rhc
n 3l(l + 1)
2 = Z
En 3 l(l + 1)
.
(1)
Rhc 2
(1) ,
-.
,
.
L2 , 3 -
- 1 ,2 . E
:
12,3952
E[keV] =
.
[A 0 ]
1 2 :
1
1
[eV]=12395,2
(2)
K . 2
K.1
, (2) (1) :
4
1
1 n 3 l(l + 1)
2 = Z 4 12395,2
.
2
Rhc
.
K . 2
K.1
(3)

L- ( n=2).
L2 , 3 l=1.
Rhc 2 .
(Z=37)
RbK1= 0,92555A0 RbK2=0,92969A0.
(3):
1
1
23 1 2
2 = 37 4 12395,2
0,92555 0,92969 13,606 5,3262 10 5

2 = 37 4 12395,2 4,80764 10 3 0,22079 10 5 = 37 104 129,5 = 3,3 .
..
L2 , 3 , 3,5.
5
, ()
Z = 57 Z = 71.
Z = 57 () 4f .
2(2l+1). f
l = 3. f -
2*(2*3+1) =14. f - Z =
57+14 =71 ().
6
n - ( n =
3 4), : ) ms; ) ml = +1;
) ms = - 1/2 ml = - 1;
) n - 2n2.
.
ms n2. n = 3 - 9 ; n = 4 - 16
.
) n n
l ( 0, 1, ..., n-1). l =0
ml +1 (ml
l ). (n-1) l
ml , +1 .e (n-1)
. ml 2 .
, ml = +1,
2(n-1). , n =3 ml
=+1 2*(3-1) = 4; n = 4 ml = +1 2*(4-1)
= 6;
) ml = -1 ,
ml ,
2. n =
3 ml =-1 ms = - 1/2 n-1, 3 -1 =2.
n = 4 4 - 1 = 3.
7

- L - ?
-
L- -. L (Li, Z=3). ,
2s , 1s ( -)
(l=0).
2 - ,
. -
, .
L - - L . L - ( Z=10)
- (Z = 11). ,
L -
.
8
,
- (Z=74). Rhc = 0.0136
9
; : = 0,3; L =15.
.
E=Rhc (Z-)2 /n2

- ,
:
EK = EK - EL =Rhc[(Z-K)2 /12 - (Z-L)2 / 22].
,
: EWK =0,0136[( 74-0,3)2 - (74-15)2 / 4]= 0,0136[5432 - 870]
=62
EWK1- 59,3 .
2
.
9
,

.

:
0
I = Const
0 3

, :
0
N = Const
0 2

.
10
:
:
dI 0 3 3 0 2 ( 0 )
=
=0
d
( 0 3 ) 2
max=3/2 0 .
:
dN 0 2 2 0 ( 0 )
=
d
( 0 2 ) 2
max=2 0 .
10

CuK -
20 40 ?
450.
.
,
, :
1
I = Const ( U 0 ln U 0 U 0 + 1) f () R ,
(1)
Z
Uo=Eo / Eq -
q - ; R (
R=1); f() -
.
:
1
f ( ) =
,
(2)
h

1 + 1 +
1
+
h
= / Sin ( -
);
- ;
11
h=1,2A / Z2 (A Z-
, );
- ,
:
4,5 10 5
= 1,67
E 0 E1q,67
CuK - 40
20 , :
I 40 ( U 40 ln U 40 U 40 + 1) f 40 ()
=
.
(3)
I 20 ( U 20 ln U 20 U 20 + 1) f 20 ()
CuK -
: =53,72-1 . = /Sin=53,7 / 0,707=75,95.
20 40 ,
(2),
. , ,
- Eq=8,98.
4,5 10 5
4,5 10 5
3
20 = 1,67
=
=
4
,
10
10
;
109,7
20
8,981,67
40 =
4,5 10 5
401,67 8,981,67
4,5 10 5
=
= 1,04 10 3 .
434,53
(2). ,
h=1,2A / Z2 =1,263,55 / 292=0,0907.

f 20 () =
1
= 0,980 ;
1,0185 1,00154
75,95
0,0907 75,95
1 +
1 +
4,1 10 3 1 + 0,0907 4,1 10 3
1
1
f 40 () =
=
= 0,926 .
75,95
0,0907
75,95 1,073 1,00607
1 +
1,04 10 3 1 + 1 + 0,0907 1,04 10 3
,

2% 0=20 7,5%
0=40 .
12
, U20=20 / 8,98=2,227 U40=40

/8,98=4,45 , (3),
:
I 40
(4,45 ln 4,45 4,45 + 1) 0,926
3,193 0,926
=
=
= 5,4 .
I 20 (2,227 ln 2,227 2,227 + 1) 0,980 0,556 0,980
,
20 40 CuK -
5,4 .
11
,
, ,
R
E=
ae
Sin
.
2
c R (1 Cos) 3

R.
R
- I=
c 2
Sin 2
E = Const
4
(1 Cos) 6
,
,
.
:
1 Cos 2
dI
d
= 0;
=
d(Cos) d(Cos) (1 Cos) 6
2Cos (1 Cos) 6 6 (1 Cos) 5 () (1 Cos 2 )
(1 Cos)12
= 0;
2Cos + 2 Cos 2 + 6 6 Cos 2 = 0 ;

2 Cos 2 + Cos 3 = 0 ;
13
Cos max
1 1 + 24 2
1
=
=
( 1 + 24 2 1)
4
4
( ,
.)
12
(
),

450.

:
1
cos max =
1 + 24 2 1
4
- (
).
max = 450 :
2 1
=
1 + 24 2 1 ;
2 4
2
4
+ 1 = 1 + 24 2 ;
2
2
8 + 4 2 + 1 = 1 + 24 2 ;
8 + 4 2 = 24 ;
4 = 2 ;
1.4
=
0.35
4
. 0.35
.
13
,

14
10 .

,
: h = hc/ = eV, - , V
- , . , = hc/eV.
, ,
= 12,4/V.
= 12,4 / 10 = 1,24 0.
14
5 0
300,
40 ?
1300 2-1.
,
,
h

f () = 1 + 1 +
1 + h
4.5 105
-
= 1.67
E1.67
E
( );
A
h = 1.2 2 ;
Z
=
( )
;
sin
Z ,
;
() -
;
- .
15

= 1300 / 0.5 = 2600 2-1;
h = 1.263,5 / (29)2 = 0.0906; h / (1+h) = 0.0906 / (1+0.0906) =0.0831;
4.5 105
4.5 105
=
=
= 9.59 10 2 ;
1.67
473.6 4.6
12.4
401.67
5
/ = 2600 / 959 = 2.71;
f() = (1+2.71)(1+0.0832.71) = 4.01 .
5 0
4.01 .
16
, AuL1 -
20
40 .

(
)
I
1 U ln U
K = ch Const 2
1
I con
Z U 1
U
q .
, ,
:
K
U ln U 40 U 40 + 1 U 20 1
n = 40 = 40
K 20 U 20 ln U 20 U 20 + 1 U 40 1

U20 U40
AuL1. L3 .
.. ..
AuL3 11.92 .
16
20
40
= 1.68
U 40 =
= 3.36
11.92
11.92
, :
3.36 ln 3.36 3.36 + 1 1.68 1 1.72 0.68
n=
= 2.6
1.68 ln 1.68 1.68 + 1 3.36 1 0.19 2.36
,
20 40 AuL - 2.6 .
U 20 =
17
,
15 .
20 .

max ( ),
, :
2,218 []3
E max [] =
R[ ]
- ( ), R
( ).
R
E
= 3 max
[]
2.218
=3
15 20
= 5.13
2.218

5.13 .
18

5108 0 ( )?
17

E [] = K[0K];
8.6210 5 [ / 0].
5108 0
= 8.6210 5 510 8 = 43103 = 43 .

.. ..
20 .
,
.
19
,

, ?
10 .

,
: h = hc/ = eV, - , V
- , . , = hc/eV.
, ,
= 12,4/V.

= 12,4 / 10 = 1,24 0.
,
, 1.24 0.
18
20

, 4.16
20 .
,
, ,
, :
2,218 3
E max =
R
, R
,
.
E max
2,218 4,16 3
=
= 7,98 .
20
3.
21

(Cr=20% ; Fe=70% ; Ni=10%) =1.7 =1.9.
().
( )
:
( ) = Ci i ( ) ,
i
i- i- , i()-
i- .
i() .

.. .. .
19

3,
.
1) =1,70: ,
Thinh and Leroux:
Cr()=336,22.-1;
Fe()=412,52.-1;
Ni()=60,42.-1.
()=0,2336,2+0,7412,5+0,160,4=362,02.-1.
2) =1.90: ,
:
Cr()=455,82.-1;
Fe()=66,62-1;
Ni()=81,82-1.
()=0,2455,8+0,766,6+0,181,8=145,92.-1.

-
( ).
22
(Z=26) (Z=82),
100
(K=0,710; Fe=7.86/3; Pb=11.34/3).

I x = I 0 exp( x x )
(1)
x-
, m :
x=m,
- .
(1) x x m, :
20
x=
ln
I0
Ix
ln 100
= 0,015 =0,15
7,86 39,1
ln 100
2) Pb:
xPb=
=0,0031=0,03
11,34 130
, ,
.. .. .
, 100-
=0,710 .
5 .
1) Fe:
xFe=
23
Thinh and Leroux, (Z=13) (Z=42).
..
.. .

, .
A ( q )
SqA =
A ( q + )
1. Al:
Al=7.948A0
A.l (7.948 ) 4682.7
.l
SA
=
= 13.8
K =
A.l (7.948 + ) 339.2
.. .. : SK=13.1.
2. :
=0.61990 ;
M.o (0.6199 ) 84.50
S Mo
=
=
= 6.59
K
M.o (0.6199 + ) 12.82
21
.. .. : SK=6.48.
24
(BaSO4)?
, ,
W .

. , ,
(Z = 56) , ,
(, , ).
-
.
.
BaSO4: 137.3 / (137.3+32.1+164) 0.59, . 60%.

,
WK - BaSO4 =0.68.68=5.2 2-1.
= 0.18 2-1 (

). ,
BaSO4 30 .
25
104
, ,
WM - ,
,
500 ( 50 )?
22

:
Ix
= exp( m x )
I0
I0 Ix
, ; m -
, .
= 1.85 /3.
WM - ..
.. , 1112/.
, :
Ix
= exp(111 1.85 500 10 4 ) 30000
xBe = 500 :
I0
Ix
xBe = 50
= exp(111 1.85 50 10 4 ) 2.8
I0
, 500 WL ( 30000 ).
10 ,
2.8 .
26

,
.
: ZFe=26; ZCu = 29

- .
1.743 0 1.381 0 (.
). ,
- ( = 1660 0) , ( = 1.542 0) ( = 1437 0).
L - ( = 1.487 0)
23
(=1.432 ). , L -
, .
27
,

> 0.11 A0. ,
.
10 6 .

I x = I 0 exp( m x )
I0 Ix -
x,
; m -
.
,
I
ln 0
Ix
x=
.
m

, 106
,
.

= 0.11 0.
Thinh and Leroux
, .
.. .. .
L - .

m = 0.135 2/.
= 0.00125 /3.
, :
24
ln(10 6 )
13.8
x=
8.2 10 4 = 820
=
4
0.135 0.00125 1.69 10

, 820
0.11 0 .
( , ,
,
).
,
, ,
, 10 , .
4.
28

,
=0.56
(Z=47) =90.
.. .. .
:
,
:
2
d eT
2 1 + Cos
,
= r0
d
2
r0 = e2/moc2- ( r02 = 7,94 10 26 2);
- .

Fa,
:
Fa = Z(e g + 0,12)
>K, Fa = Z(e g + 0,12) 2 ,
Sin
5,91
2
g = 3
Z
25

N/A, N=6,0231023 - ; . :
2
d m. T
2 1 + Cos
= r0
(Fa )2 N
d
2
A
5,91 Sin (45 o )

g=3
= 2,06 ;
47 0,56
Fa = 47(e 2,06 + 12) 2 = 9,62 ;
2
0
23
d m. T
26 1 + Cos 90
2 6,023 10
= 7,9 10
(9,62)
= 20,4 10 3 2 -1
d
2
107,9
.. ..

21,010-3.
29
,

.
-
900.

:
=0.024(1-Cos);
(1)

:
=
hc
.
E
0, - ,
12.398
0
[ A ] =
E[]

,
. ,
:
26
12.398
E,
2
E
(2)
,
.
, .
(2) :
E2
.
E
12.398
, (1), :
1.935510-32(1-Cos).
(3)
.
.
,
(mc2=512 ). (3) :
E
E 2 (1cos )
mc2

:
E =
E 2 (1 cos )
mc 2 + E(1+ cos )
(4)
(3) (4) E <<mc2, .

.
MoK - ( = 17.5 ).
1) :
= 1.935510 -3 17.52(1-cos900) = 0.593
2) :
E =
17.5 2 (1 cos 90 0 )
= 0.578
0
512 +17.5(1 cos 90 )
0.593 0.578
= 0.026 = 2.6%
0.578
30

(Z=26) =0.56
27
=/2 , .
..
.. .

- :
d KNT r 2 E E E
= + Sin 2
d
2 E E E
r =
e2
- :
m0 c 2
r2=7.9410-26 2.
E -
.

-
F
N/A, N=6.0231023 - (
- ), - :
d d KNT N
=
F ,
d
d
A
Sin
2.21
2
F = Z(1 e 5v ) v =
3 2
E=
12.398
12.398
= 22,14kev ; E =
= 21,23kev .
0.56
0.56 + 0.024
d KNT 7.94 10 26 21.23 22.14 21.23
+
Sin 2 =3,65810-26 ;

d
2
2
22.14 21.23 22.14
Sin
2.21
4 = 0,318 ; F = 26 1 e 50.318 = 20,698
v=
a
3
26 2 0.56
d
6,023 10 23
26
= 3,658 10 20,698
= 0,0082
d
55,85
2
28

..
..

0,560 900
0,0077.
31
,
GeK1 , 300
, 600
.
. ..
.. .
,
, :
d m
I p = I 0s
,
(1)
() (1 )
+
Sin Sin
I0 - ; -
, 1 - .
,

= +.
(1) ,
, :
Ip
1
d m
N= =
I 0 Sin () (1 )
+
Sin Sin
GeK=1,254 A0 ;
=300 +600 = 900. =0,024(1- Cos)=0,024 A0

1 =1,254 +0,024= 1,278 0
29

Al(GeK1)=28,5 2 -1;
Al(1)=29,9 2 -1 (

,
AuL1 - 1= 1.276 0).
GeK1 900 0,2980,02232=6,6510 -3
2 -1.
N ,
s =1 =1 , :
6,65 10 3
6,65 10 3
N=
=
= 0,725 10 4
28,5
29,9
45,76
+
0
0
Sin 30
Sin 60
.
.
32
AgK -
900.
,

(E )2 = E E ,
,
.
E = E E
.
:
E 2 (1 cos )
E =
,
mc 2 + E (1 cos )
mc2 = 512 .
:
()Cu = 8.98
30
AgK - ( =22 ) :
22 2 (1 cos 90 0 )
484
E =
=
= 0.906
0
512 + 22(1 cos 90 ) 534
E = 8.98 0.906 = 2.85

33
, WK -
10% .
..

.
:
= (1 + s 4 E) /(s 0 + s1E + s 2 E 2 + s 3 E 3 )
:
= E 2 /(a 0 + a 1E + a 2 E 2 + a 3 E 3 )
, S
10%. .

S=
< 0.1
+
WK - : = 59 .
s a ,
, :
64.5
= (1 + 1.075 59) /(0.876 + 0.646 59 + 0.393 59 2 + 0.0245 59 3 ) =
6519.5
2
= 0.0099 /
3481
= 59 2 /(62.025 + 12.086 59 + 5.079 59 2 + 0.0158 59 3 ) =
21769
2
= 0.16 /
0.0099
S=
= 0.062
0.1699
31
.
10%
6.2%.
34
,
(Z = 20), WK -
600 , ,
.

= ZS, S
S = (1 exp(5)) ,
2
2.21

=
sin Z 3
Z - , -
- .

, , :
1 S
=
S
= 0.21 0 (WK - ):
=
2.21 60 1
2.21 0.5
sin
=
= 0.714
0.21 2 3 20 2 0.21 7.37
S = 1 exp(5 0.714) = 1 0.028 = 0.972
, ,
32
1 0.972
0.029 = 2,9 %
0.972
5.
35

o = Ctgo (
= ()min =20 )
=7 (Z=13; 27;
2.7 /3 ).
, ()min,

0 = 0 02 ( 0. min )2
.min = 2

Z 2
= 2.7 1010
A

:
= 2.7 1010
13 2.7
7 2 10 16 = 172 10 6
27
-3
0.min = 2 172 10 6 = 18.5 10 3 =18.5 10 57.3 =1.06
,min :
o= ,min=1.06 o
o = Ctgo :
= 17210-6 Ctg(1.06o) =92.710-4 = 92.710-457.3 =0.53
:
V =
106
. 0.53
= 0.5 = 50 %
106
.
=20 :
0 = 20 20 2 106
. 2 = 20 19.972 = 0.028 0 ;
33
= Ctgo :
= 17210-6tg20o=4.72610-4 =4.72610-457.3=0.027
: V =
0.028 0.027
0.04 = 4%
0.028
36
(
= 100)
=10 (Z=14; 28.09;
2.42 /3).
50 ?
n
.
n= 1- ,
.
Z 2
,
= 2.7 1010
A
Z, A - ,
.
()min
100
()min,

:
= Ctgo
Z=14; A=28.09; =2.42/3. :

1) =1:
= 2.7 1010
14 2.42
1 10 16 = 3.26 10 6 .
28.09
=3.2610 - 6 Ctg 10o =18.810- 6 =

=18.810-657.3=1.07510- 3 = 0.063
2) =5:
= 2.7 1010
14 2.42
52 10 16 = 814
. 10 6
28.09
o=81.410-6 Ctg10o =1,6.
34
. ( 0) 25 .
37

-
( = 0,710 0) ( = 44,7 0)
(Z=14; 28.09; 2.42 /3).
()max

()max= 2 ,

:
Z 2
= 2.7 1010
A
Z, .
1) = 0,710 0 (MoK):
14 2.42
= 2.7 1010
0,712 10 16 = 3,31 1010 0,712 10 16 = 1,67 10 6
28,09
()max=
= 2 = 10 3 2 1,67 = 1,83 10 3 = 1,83 57,3 10 3 0,10
2) = 44,7 0 ():
14 2.42
= 2.7 1010
47,12 10 16 = 3,31 1010 47,12 10 16 = 7,34 10 3
28,09
()max=
= 2 = 10 2 2 73,4 = 12,12 10 2 = 12,12 57,3 10 2 6,9 0
,
0,710 47, 10
0,10 6,90.
.
35
38
NaK (=11.9)
= 2 ( - )
(Z=6; . 12.01; 2.25 /3)?
= 2
:
I
=
I0
= 2.7 1010
=
() 4
[
[
Z
2
A
]2 ,
2
] +
2 +
2 +
- ;

= 2.7 1010
6 2.25
119
. 2 10 16 = 429.8 10 6
12.01
:
C(Na)=mC(Na)C= 18302.25=4117.5 -1
:
=
119
. 10 8
4117.5 = 3900 10 8 = 39 10 6 .
4 314
.

:
I
=
I0
[
[
2 429.8 10 6 39 10 6
2 429.8 10 6 + 39 10 6
] + 39 10
] + 39 10
2
23.06 2 10 6 + 39 10 6
570
==
=
2
6
6
1304
10 + 39 10
3556
.
=0.43=43%.
.
43% .
36
39

( ,
)
0 << (0)max,
?
[0 << (0)max]
xe :
1
xe
4 2
, = 2.7 1010
xe
Z
2 , :
A
1
1
4 2 2.7 1010 Z
A
.

, .
1) (Z = 14; = 28.09; = 2.42 /3).

1
1
xe
=
= 0.031 10 5 =
5
5
4 3.14 10 2 2.7 14 2.42 / 28.09 32.05 10
x e 3.1 .
2) (Z = 73; = 180.95; = 17.1 /3).
1
1
=
= 0.013 10 5
xe
5
5
4 3.14 10 2 2.7 73 17.1/ 180.95 76.66 10
x e 1.3 .
,
.
[0 << (0)max]
3.1 ,
1.3 , . 2.38 .
37
40
, - ,
,
0.30 0.350.
,
,
2d ( 0 ) 2m ( 0 ) 2max = m
(1)
(0)m m-
; d .
m+1 :
2d ( 0 ) 2m +1 ( 0 ) 2max = (m + 1)
(2)
(1) (2)
(0)max, :
(2m + 1)2
(0 ) 2m +1 (0 ) 2m =
4d 2
(2m + 1)
d=
(3)
2 (0 ) 2m +1 (0 ) 2m

:
(0)m = 0.30 = 0.3 / 57.3 = 5.2410 3
(0)m+1= 0.350 = 0.35 / 57.3 = 6.1110 3
d (3):
0.7093
23 +1
0.7093
7
0
3
d=
[
A
]
10
=
= 0.297 103 [A 0 ]
2
2
6
2
2
9.9
(6.11 5.24 ) 10
d = 29.7 []
29.7 .
38
6.
41

(si=100%)
=1 =6?
;
O
SiK=7.125A ).

(
m=Sin/Sin=1;
i ( )
i
I i = k i I( )
,
( ) + m ( i )
ki .
, =1
=2 , :
I1i 1 i (1 ) ( 2 ) + m ( i )
=
I i2 2 i ( 2 ) (1 ) + m ( i )
,
Thinh and Leroux, :
(1=10) = 16.8 2 1;
(1=60) = 2626,9 2 1;
(SiK=7.125A0) = 324 2 1.
()
.
I1 6 2626,9 16,8 + 1 324

=
= 105
I 2 1 16,8
2626,9 + 1 324
. 1 6
105
.
39
42

(Fe=100%)
(=90;=35)
(=35; =90).
NiK=1.660AO

:
i ( )
Ii = k i
( ) ( i )
+
Sin Sin
i()
. ki i()
.
:
( i )
( )
+
I i.1 Sin 2 Sin 2
=
( ) ( i )
I i.2
+
Sin1 Sin1
(i =1.937 A0)
(i)=72.42 -1.
(=Ni=1.660A0) (),
, ()=3742 -1.
374
72.4
+
I Fe ( = 35 o ) Sin (35 o ) Sin (90 o )
=
= 1.45
374
72.4
I Fe ( = 90 o )
+
Sin (90 o ) Sin (35 o )
.
1.5 .
40
43
,
FeK-
, : 50% Fe+50%
Ni ? (: m=Sin/Sin=1; KNi=0.414;
pKNi1;
1; SFe=8.32 FeK=1.936AO).
,
(), :
mqB p qBi
1
= i 3
1 qB p qBi WA (SA 1) + 1
WA- :
( )
WA = C A A A ,
( A )
:
Fe(Fe)=72.4 c2.-1.
:(Fe)=Fe Fe(Fe)+CNi Ni(Fe)= 86.1 2.-1. (
).
72.4
: WA=0.5
=0.446
86.1
:
1 0.414 1
1
= 1.936 3
= 1.06A 0
1 0.414 1 0.446(8.32 1) + 1
. 0,40
( = 1,488 0).
44
(1% n+99% Mg),
41
? (: m=Sin/Sin=1;
- :
NiK=1.660AO ; -
).
( )
,
( ) + m ( i )
() .
, :
I MgMn
FeMn ( ) + m FeMn ( Mn )
Mn
=
(1)
(
)
m
(
)
I FeMn
MgMn
MgMn
Mn
Mn
Ii =
FeMn()=0.01340+0.99374=373,72-1 ;
FeMn(Mn)=0.0180.7+0.9990.4=90,3 2-1 ;
MgMn()=0.01340+0.9950=53,0 2-1 ;
MgMn(Mn)=0.0180.7+0.9996=95,82-1 .
(1), :
I MgMn
373.7 + 1 90.3
Mn
=
= 3,12
FeMn
53.0 + 1 95.8
I Mn
,

3 .
45
,
K- ,
95% Fe+5% Cr. (Fe=0.342; pij1; SFe=8.32; ==45o;

NiK=1.660AO).
42

,

:
i ( )
Ii = k i
( ) + m ( i )
i():
:
i()=qi()ipijCi
: iD ( ) = P1 L( ) P2 ,
P1 -
; L() - ; 2
:
iD ( ) = q N () N p Nj C N L( ) q i ( N ) i p ij C i ,
( i )
1 Sin
( ) Sin
+
ln1 +
ln1 +
L() =
2 () ( N )Sin ( i ) ( N )Sin
:
I iD iD qN ( ) q.i ( N )
=
=
N p Nj C N L( )
(1)
Ii
i
q.i ( )
()=0.95374+0.05307=370,7;
(Cr)=0.95114+0.0590.4=112,8;
(Fe)=0.9572.4+0.05464=92,0;
1 0.707
370.7 0.707
112.8
L ( ) =
ln1 +
ln1 +
+
= 0,00497
2 370.7 92 0.707 112.8 92 0.707
(1), :
8.32 1
8.75 1
374
464
D
I Cr
8
.
32
8
.
75
0.343 1 0.95 0.00497 = 0,80
=
8.75 1
I Cr
8.75
,
, ,
80% ,
.
43
46
, (, )
40
- 0.71 0.

450. 1% -
.
1% ,
4.6
.
x =
( ) ( i )
Sin + Sin
0.022
. ()
x =
( ) ( i )
Sin + Sin
(i)
. -
.
, ,
, 40 .

Cu(MoK) =51.2 2 1 Cu(CuK) = 53.7 2 -1
,
1
1
=
= 0.0015 = 15
2
( ) ( i )
Sin + Sin [51.2 + 53.7] 2 8.93
x = 0.0215= 0.3 .
x = 4.615 = 69 .
, 40 , .
.
44
47
L1 (Z=50),

.
.
.
= 0.859. SK = 6.0; SL3 = 3.10; SL2 = 1.4;
SL1 = 1.2.
-
, L3
->LL ->LM
(
).

SL3 1
S 1
i ( ) = [ K K
PKL + L
] L p L ,
SK
SK SL1SL 2SL3
PKL - L

PKL 0.9 0.1K

, L

:
SL3 1
i ( + ) = L
L p L
SL3SL 2SL1

SL3 1
S 1
K K
(0.9 0.1K ) + L
SK
SK SL1SL 2SL3
i ( )
=
SL 3 1
i ( + )
L
SL1SL 2SL3
45

: = 0.4906 0. Thinh and Leroux :
= 17.648129.20010.49062.83 = 69.2 2 -1
L = 17.64814.46470.49062.69 = 11.6 2 1
, :
6.0 1
3.1 1
69.2
(0.9 0.1 0.859) + 11.6
i ( )
6.0
6.0 3.1 1.4 1.2 =10.2
=
3.1 1
i ( + )
11.6
3.1 1.4 1.2
.
L- L -
10 .
46
: ..
2003.

. . . . .
.-..
-

664003, , , 36.
47

03 Sbornik Zadach

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0,92555 0,92969 13,606 5,3262 10 5

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E=Rhc (Z-)2 /n2

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h=1,2A / Z2 =1,263,55 / 292=0,0907.

4,1 10 3 1 + 0,0907 4,1 10 3

1,04 10 3 1 + 1 + 0,0907 1,04 10 3

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, U20=20 / 8,98=2,227 U40=40

2Cos + 2 Cos 2 + 6 6 Cos 2 = 0 ;

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= 8.6210 5 510 8 = 43103 = 43 .

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0.135 0.00125 1.69 10

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5,91 Sin (45 o )

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(3) (4) E <<mc2, .

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d KNT 7.94 10 26 21.23 22.14 21.23

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E = 8.98 0.906 = 2.85

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S = 1 exp(5 0.714) = 1 0.028 = 0.972

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0.min = 2 172 10 6 = 18.5 10 3 =18.5 10 57.3 =1.06

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Z=14; A=28.09; =2.42/3. :

=3.2610 - 6 Ctg 10o =18.810- 6 =

o=81.410-6 Ctg10o =1,6.

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1) (Z = 14; = 28.09; = 2.42 /3).

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I1 6 2626,9 16,8 + 1 324

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