5 A cid b ase u ilb ria A n sw ers eq

Titration of a strong acid with a strong base

1 pH = log [H+] = log 101 = 1 2 At the equivalence point, the solution just contains a neutral salt with an anion which is a very weak base and a cation which is not an acid. With hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, for example, the solution at the equivalence point is a neutral solution of sodium chloride. 3 a) 0.05cm3 of 0.1moldm3 HCl contains: 0.05 3 cm + 0.1 mol H = 5 106molH+ 1000 3 cm 5 10 6 1000 So [H+] = = 0.0002mol 25 dm3 pH = 3.7 b) 0.05cm3 of 0.1moldm3 NaOH contains: 0.05 3 cm 0.1 mol = 5 106molOH 1000 3 cm 5 10 6 1000 So [OH] = 25 = 0.0002moldm3 2 1 10 14mol dm 6 So [H+] = 3 0.0002 dm mol = 5 1011moldm3 pH = 10.3 4 5cm3 of 0.1moldm3 NaOH contains: 0.05 3 cm 0.1 mol = 5 104molOH 1000 3 cm This is now in 30cm3 of solution. 5 10 4 1000 So [OH] = = 0.0167mol 30 dm3 2 1 10 14mol dm 6 So [H+] = = 6 1013 0.0167 dm 3 mol moldm3 pH= 12.2 5 The equivalence point on the titration curve is at 7. There is a very steep rise of pH at the end-point. Adding just two drops of the alkali raises the pH by over 6 pH units. 6 An accurate titration depends on a very sharp change of pH at the equivalence point. This means that there is a sudden colour change if an indicator is used, with just one drop of added alkali being enough to reach the end-point.

1 of 1 G. Hill and A. Hunt 2009 Edexcel Chemistry for A2