Solutions 2

Section 5.
6 Substitution and Area Between Curves

the left. ami each formula has an arbitrary constant for generating the remaining
355
anriderivatives.
_L l"
"7
Moreover.
.)
80.
(a)
II
I'
"()() v,'
max
C, ,,-, C, = (., - 1 = Co, 1 .;.:2
+ 1. "2'
Sll1
Il()'1 ITt -
~ I -- 6() [~V
max
(~I_). COS- ( rzo 7r1)]1II 'Iii) 1c()" ~
~ ~
__
[cos 2IT - cos
01
11rb) V"''' =
11= 0
;::j
/2 v., = /2 (240)
339 volts
~
5.6 SUBSTITUTION AND AREA BETWEEN CURVES I. (a) Let
(V,,,,, I"
, ,I V
r
10
ll=
I =:;, du = dy; y
0 =:;, u
J'.l
I, Y = 3 =:;, u
-- (~)
J
= =
4 (I );L2 0, y
.1
/y+I
ely= r~ul;2du = [~u/I/21'
J
,
= (~) (4)1/2
= ('~) Os) ,\
=
~ ("-) (I)
,1
= l,:!
,1
(b) Use the same substitution

,
f'"
\)
for u as in part (a); y du = [,~ u;I/21'

.1
I) ,l
=-
I =:;, u
);)/2 ()
0 =? u = I
1\'
/v+I
I-
dy
f'lu],:!
"
= (~) (I
=~
(a) Let
U=
I I'
1'2 =:;,
J
J
V rr=:'; dr 1- r~
(h) Use the same substitution
'(
/'1 -
1'2
dr=-
I'" -- :; Vu ill Vu
I I}
du = -2r dr =?u du
.)]11 = ['- -;ll''I /.' _
-1 du =
I'
dr; r
0
(')
'*
_'
=
.j.J
I, r
=
.~
'*
u=
u c_= 0
,= () _
~,
(I)"
I - ,,= __
for u as in part (a);
I' = ~ I -=?
= (),r = I
=?
()
~
_
du
= ()
0 '=,' u
ccc
(a)
Let u
f' '
'I
tan \
c;.
elu=,
•
secl x dx: Xc= du
O. x=
=~
_ U=
=:;,
==
tan.'( secl x dx = f'lu

{)
= [,,~]u, = ~ -- 0 _
_
Ih) Uxe thesame substitution
J"
J"
I
as in part (a); x =
U
-1 '*
'2
-I. x --= ()
'2
_>
Ue"
()
du
=
dx
'J
['!.']
:!
=}
I)
--I
=-= () -- 1=
_ 1.
~.
la)
l.ct
\" II
I',
IJ
C()S X ~
du --=
,
+sin
--1
-·du.=
("
sin x dx: x = ()
-1 '~
=:;,
u
"
= I.
X=
Ii
-i.
__ I
.lcos-xsinxdx=
-3u-du=l-u"i,
=-(-1)_(_(1),,)=:-:
U
Ib) (j'e the same substitution
as in part (a); x = 27r .=:;, -3u"
I. x = 3IT
=-.;. u
c=
_I
.J' .
), la) 1I
3 co,' x sin x dx
= .Jt' 1
du
I
t
1 -I- t 1 t (I
-:'.~
du, .• 4t'i Lit =;. ~ du LIt"
t- t
1 )'
J:'
,
lui
du
= =
[1~ L
0
t;i dt: t=
=
() =} u·=
fi,-I=}
ft
u
+~
I. t=
=?
U = :-:
h) U,e the same substitution
'I
rl
(I
+ t I r\
t
C
lit
'cc
r'
2
as in part (a); t 1 u' du

~
2. t
=:;,
1I
= :-:
6.
la)
Let u
I (t"
+ 1 ,,,} du
I)
1\
2t dt=}
1 ~
du
t dt: t
0*
II =
I. t
Ii
__
.*
Lit
J" ~
utI
du = [(~)
-+
P)
1I1<IJ
',= 1
p) n~)\ 1 ~x
(i) ( I ) i
as Addison-Wesley.
Copyright
© lOIO Pearson
Education.
Inc. Publishing
356
Chapter 5 Integration
(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a); t
-J7
==?
= 8, t = 0
==?
u= I
7. (a) Let u = 4 + r2,*
f
8.
-114
+ r-}"
dr =5
J5
5 5 4
du = 2r dr
==?
du = r dr; r = -I
==?
5, r = I
'*
u= 5
k u-2
-
du
(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a); r
J°
=0
I
==?
= 4, r = 1
2
==?
u= 5
I~
H+
r-)
dr = 5
2 Jr k u-
du = 5 [- ~ u-I];' = 5 (- ~ (5)-1)
-
- 5 (-
k (4)-1) _
Y
= 1.
R
(a) Let u = I +
y:l/2
=? du = ~ yl/2
o (( + v' ')-
I~
dy
= =
I'
I
dv =? ~ du = IOJv
1, (~du)
u-'
=~3
12
I
dv;
3
= 0 =? u = I,
= - ~ [1 - 1]
-' 2 I
= I =? u = 2
.!.Q J
u--2 du = - ~
[1]2 I u
Y
(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a);
= 1 =? u = 2,
= 4 =? u
= 1 + 4:1/2 = 9
18
14
V
(OVv, I I I + v' 2
dv
f9
j_ (~ u' -'
du) = _ ~
-'
[1]92 = _ ~ u 3
(1 _
<}
1.)
2
= _ ~ (_ l)
3
2.Q
27
9. (a) Let u =
XC
+ I =? du = 2x dx =? 2 du = 4x dx; x = 0 =? u
I
r Jx' Jil '.---4-(b)
dx
j-
4 = 14 du = I 2u'To
I 2 I
1, x =
J3
=? u = 4
1/2
du = [4u1/2]
Use the same substitution as in part (a); x = -
1 V
,j
~ v,-+I
dx
14
J3
t 1
= 4(4)1/2 - 4(1)1/2 = 4
=? u = 4, x =
J3
=? u = 4
2 7u
du
10. (a) Letu=xl+9

+9
'*
dx =
du=4x:1dx
lO
=? 1du=x:1dx;x=O
-+
U 2
=? u=9,x=
2
I=?
u=
3
10
1 U--1/2 du = [1 (2)UI/2] 10 = 1 (10)1/2 _ 1 (9)1/2

-l
= V I()2
(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a); x = -I

0 [
.1
dx =
!
L)
I"
]0
=?
= 10, x = 0
32
=? u = 9
4.
1.U-1/2 du
=-
110 ~
1 u-I/2
4
du =
/TO
==? U
II.
(a) Let
II
= I - cos 3t
J
(b)
'*
du = 3 sin 3t dt =? ~ du = sin 3t dt; t = 0

03
el>
(l-cos3t)sin3tdt=
JI,
= D, t = T, =?
h
= 1 - cos ~ = I
1.Udu=[1(~)] 3,
I U
=1(1)2_1(0)2=1 6 6
Use the same substitution as in part (a); t = T,
r.
0
(I -
cos 3t) sin 3t dt =
12 * 12
I
'*
u = I. t
I =?
II
= I - cos IT= 2
u du =
[* ( ~) ] ~ =
OJ '1 ')
~ (2)2 _ ~ ( 1)2 = ~
12. (a) Letu=2+tan~

•[ _2
(
=? dll=~sec2~dt
t)
.J
'*
2du=sec2}dt;t=~"
"
=? u=2+tan(~")=I,t=0
=? u=2
:2 + tan 2 sec- 2 dt
t
u (2 du) = [u~l i = 2- - [-
3 =? u = 3
(b)
Use the same substitution as in part (a); t =-2"
Je
22
(2
+ tan~)
sec" & dt =:2
I'
'*
= I, t =} 12 = 8
u du = [u2
rI = 3
2-
n.
(a) Let u = 4 + 3 sin z'*

• ()
[2"
cos I v/4+3~inz
f4 dz =
du = 3 cos z dz =?
_J,..
-t
* du = cos z dz; z = 0
=?
U=
4, z
= 2IT
=?
=4
v/u
(1. ,3
du]
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Section 5.6 Substitution and Area Between Curves

357
J
14.
(a)
OC
-r
yI 4 + hiD « ::
cos
dz
1-1 -l,.. =
-I =:}
as in part (a); z = -7f

C1
=:}
= 4 + 3 sin (-7f) c= 4,
7f .~ U = 4
v' U
1 du
Let u = 3 + 2 cos w
du = -2 sin w dw .=:}
J
..
-1 du =
sin w dw: w
= =
t;
:2
=:}
u = 3, w
=0
=:}
=5
il
sin W 1 13+ 2 cos
w,'
t" .1, u -'2 ( -
d) 1 [ -1]:j _ I (I 1)._ I u =2u :12 5' - 3 - - T5
C.l
1
\,
vin w.
.
' -r1 _
LOS W
'
l'
dw = du
JJ
. S
as in part (a); w = () .=:} u = 5, w
-:2
(-:-; du)
_
1 =.. :-; J u -2
-
1,5
U
=~
L
=:}
du
1 -I'i
15. Let
u = r' + 2t
I
=:}
(5t4 + 2) dt; t r'u Jo /'! l
=0
=:}
= 0, t = I
=:}
u
.1
=3
) I jr"
+ 2t (5t1 + 2) dt =
du = [~U:lf2j 3 = ~ (3)3/2 - ~ (O):l/:! = 2
-'
().l
J3
16. Let u = I +
jY
)'
=:}
du
.-I._
12y1Y(I+ylY
.Iy
=
=:}
J'~ ,LI
0 0-
2jy ; Y = 1
=:}
u = 2, y = 4 .=:} U = 3
du = fJu-~
du = [-u-Ir;
-. =
I '2
(-
-11) -
(-~)
-,'
i
f}
17. Let u = cos
, , cos
c'
2f)
du = -2 sin
I
-:llLl.·
_[I
Sill
2!1dLl-
i.' ,-J(
L
2f) dB
-
.=:} - ~ du = sin
~
ldu)-
fl/l, u-:JdU-[
I
2f)
dB;
f)
-
= 0 .=:} U = I,
-
=~
-
=:}
cos 2 (~) =
2:
I(LI-)]
1/2 I
-'2
1 1_1 .j(~)2 -::j(j)" -:j
18• Let u
tan c.
(f!.)
(,
=:}
du = 1 .sec" n
(f!.) 6
df)
=:}
6 du = sec/
(f!.) d8' ' 6

.,
f)
tt
.=:}u
tan ("-) (,
=-
= -L yl3
''2f)
,2::.
=:}
II
= tan ".j
=I
f'C1CO(_'
(0 sec"
5 - 4 cos t
(n df) = Ilvill-"(6dU)
=:}
= [6 ("_~)]
= [-
2:,,] ~iJi
21:" - (I, t=
1(*,)')
= 12
19. Let
II ec.=
du = 4 sin t dt .=:} ~ du = sin t cit; t = () .=:}U = 5 - 4 cos ()
7f =-? U = 5 - 4 cos 7f = 9
20. Let
II =
I - sin 2t
• . /')
=:}
du
= - 2 cos 2t dt
=:}
i;)
1du
= cos 2t dt; t = 0 .=:} u

.., r"~I
I, t
~?
= () ~
sin 2t)1 - cos 2t dt 21. Letu=4y-y2+-41'l+1
=
=:}
on
-
1U,II - du =
[-1 (5
U"!-)]1 = (- ~ (0)' -) - (- ~ ( I )11 u=l.y=1 du
II
- .)
:-,,)
-)=
.f
du=(4-2y+12y2)dy;y=-~0.=:}
(4y - y2
+ 4y:\ +
I) -2/:1 (12y" - 2y + 4) dy
fH u-:u:\
., u=4(1)-(1)2+4(I)\+lc=H c}
=
[3uli:ll·~ = 3(8)11 - 3( I )11>
22. Let u = 1'1 +- 6y2 - 12y + 9.=:} du
l'
= (3y2 + 12y - 12)uy.=:}
(y: + 6y2 -
12y + 9f du
li2
(y2 + 4y - 4) dy = dll=
i" *
* du =
=:}
(1" +
I/2)
4y-
4)dy; Y = 0
= ~(4)1/1
=-.}
1I
= 9. y= I
.~(2-
=:}
,= 4
u-1/2 du = u
[* (2U
c=
1 <:
- ~ (9)1/2=
3)
=-~
23, Let u =
oj; "'cc}
= ~ (}1(2 de
df)
=:}
j8
u8; 8 = 0
0,
f)
iT". '=?
U = tt
Jo
ll=
cns". (8:\/2) I -t_(I .=?
= J,'COS211
-1-1
0 du)
= [~(~ +
sin 2u)] ~ = ~
0: +
sin 27f) -- } (O),,-~
24. Let
du =
dt:
t=
·-1 ,~ u = 0 • t = - 1 .=:} u '2
= -I
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson Education,
Inc, Publishing
as Addison- Wesley.
358
r.
-
t-2 sin" (I +
+)
dt =
i
J()
l_sin2udu
= [- (~-
± sin
2u)L~1 = -
[c-,~ -
± sin(-2))
(H - ± sinO)]
- 1 _ 1 sin" 2 -l'
=?
25. Let u = tan f}
du = sec" f} de;
f)
=0
=?
u = 0,
f)
=~
=?
u = 1:
J()
("/4(1 + eland) sec" f) df) =
('T/\ec2
f) df) + j'l e" du = [tan 0] ,T/4
()
()
+ [e"] II = I 1
=(l-O)+(e-I)=e 26. Let u = cot f}

=?
du = - esc" B df}; fJ = ~
J7r/2. 71'/4
=?
J
27. I
T
'T/2 7r/-l
(1 + ecotB) csc'' B dB =
esc/ B df) -
j'() e" du =
I
= I, B =}
=?
=
-10
0:
II I
[- cot B]~' - - [e"]

,,/4
==
(0
+ 1) -
(1 - e)
() ... - \.:os t
dt = [In 12 - cos tl] ~I' = In 3 - In I = In 3; or let u = 2 - cos t

7r
=?
du = sin t dt with t = 0
=}
u = I and t =
=>
=3
=?
) _ - cos
SInt, t dt =
.
J'.1
I
-1l1
du
[In lul]1 = In 3 - In I = In 3
;1
-.
"8 IT/.1 I - -l cos II dB=[Inll-4cosfJl]Jr/:l=lnll-21=-ln3=ln1'orletu=I-4cosf} 4sinB 1I II withf)=0 29. Let u = In x

=?
J'
=> du=4sinBdB
=[lnILlI]=;=-ln3=ln~
u=-3andB=}
=> u=-I
=>11Till~~i~'~SHdB=J,ltdu u = In 2;
=? du
('2In\
I
dx = I
1n2
0
= , dx:' x = I => u = 0 and x = 2 1

1I
=?
2u du = [u2]ln' = (in 2)2 = In 4:
30. Let u = In x
J~ ~
1
x ln x
lin.
In2
=?
du = 1 dx:~ x = 2 => u = In 2 and x = 4 => X

1 du = [In u]ln~ = ln t ln 4) -lnOn
u ln2 .
LI
2) = In (~) In2
= In
( ') = In (2In2)
1f12'
In2 In .2
In 2
31. Let u = In x
J2
(1 ~ xt ln xl-
t:
=?
du =
± dx;
x = 2 =>
LI
= In 2 and x = 4
=}
II
= In 4:
In2
u-2 du = [_ ljln~ = _ _L _L = __ 1_, _L = __ 1_ _L = _1_ = _I_ II In2 In-\ + In 2 In 2, + In2 2 In:2 + In2 :2 In 2 In-l ldx'x=2 x ~
U-1/2
32. Letu=lnx
=> dll= = ~ Ilnl6

In.:!
=> u=ln2andx=
In2
16 => ll=ln J41n
16'• 2 - Jln 2 = 2)I;;2: -
'If> 1
lx~
dx
du = [1i1/2jlnI6 =
jh;I6 - jI;2 =
jI;2 =
0n2
33. Let u = cos}
=> du = - ~ sin
1 dx
JI
=?
-2 du = sin
U
1 dx:
lul]1
J
x = 0 => u
i=
=
=
I and x = 21n
'i*
In 2
72 :
IT,2
()
tan I dx =
2
IT!2~
()
cos ~
dx = -2
rJ!,2<l!!.
[-2In
-21n
-L
v' .2
J2=
34. Let u = sin t
=?
JT'2cot
--;-;4
t dt =
JTI
du = cos t dt; t =
lost
:-.10 t
i
II
=> u =
i and t =
1/ v 2
'=}
II
= I;
2 :7/-1.
dt =
J 1/\/1
(I ,<l!!. = [In lul]1
r:
= -In
-L = In
/1
J2 1 and
B
= 7r
'T..}
35. Let u f22
= sin ~ => du = ~ cos ~ de => 6 du = 2 cos ~ dB; H =

cot ~ dB =
=> u =
II
=~:
iT2
2s~~S~~
de = 6
J;'2,,2 ~
= 6 [In lull
:~2 = 6 (In
~J - In ~) = 6 In
J3 = In 27
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.

Let u = cos 3x
359
=> du = -3 sin 3x dx => -2 du = 6 sin 3x dx; x = 0 => u = I and x =

1 72 -In
11 =>
V
L.
u=
7z;
f"/12 tan 3x dx = f"/126sin3x dx = -2 fl/J2Q!!. = -2 [In lul]l/v:i = -2In J0 6 J 0 cos 3x JI u I
I = 2In
'2 =
In 2
"/2
_~/21+(SIOO)2
2 cosO dO
=2
II
du _11+u2•
where u = sin () and du = cos () d(}' () = • =2
1':
2
=> u = -1 ' ()=
1':
2
=> u = 1
= [2 tan"! u] ~1 = 2 (tan-1 1 - tan:" (-I»)
[i - (- ~)] =
X
71"
'if
csc-xdx, + (cot x )2
"
=_
II
2 du V! f"+'li!. where u = cot x and du = - csc t -1 1 + t an -1 V.J--4" r:;3 _

71"
dx:• x = Z': 6
=> u=
J3.x= i => J3
=>
U= I
-[ --an t
-1]1 uy'3--an
J,V!
I
+ 3-12 71" _
I"
V!
I + e2'
e dx
= [tan-1 u]
I + u2 ,
du
where u = eXand du = eXdx:• x = 0
=>
I. x = In
J3
= tan-1
J3 - tan-II
I - i = 11
=> u = 0,
t = e"!4
=> u
fl Jo ~ 4ds
= [4 sin"! ~]1 = 4 (sin-1 .!.- sin"! 0) = 4 (Z': - 0) = ~

20 2 6
I
o
JJ2/4
ds V9-4s2
=.!.
13J2/4
0
V9-u2
du,
where u = 2s and du = 2 ds; s = 0 _ 1 (71" 0) _ 7r - '2 4"-8
=> u = 0, s =
3"f
=>
U= ¥
- [1 . -1 u]3fi/l '2 sin 3" 0
= '2
1 ( . -1 v0. . -10) sm ""2 - sm
sec sec x V2 xvx2-1

r:
2(
-1)
dx =
1f/3 1f/4
sec? u du, where u = sec "! x and du = ~;
= [tan u]
:j!
= tan
I-tan i =
J3 v'3-1
xyx"-l
x=
Iv3
2 r: cos (sec-I x
x x2-1
dx =
1f 3 / 1f/6
cos u du, where u = sec"! x and du = ~;

-2-
xyx·-l
x= ~
yJ
U-~ 3 -
_ [si ]IT/3 _ . IT . 71" _ - sm u 7r/6 - sm 3 - sm '6 -
I-/
-I
22 /
V4d~ Y y-l
i:
-2 I-fi
-2
~2'
uyu·-l
= [sec"! lui]
=(2 =
sec "
/-fi/-
where u = 2y and du = 2 dy; y = - L _..._u = -2 -rr: sec " 1-21 =
Y= -
J2 2
=?
U = - V-' '2
i -}= -11
-32 =? U
I-2/3
fi13
Y
V9d~
Y-
~2u, u Y u- - I
where u = 3y and du = 3 dy; Y = -
= - 2, Y = -
=?
=-
v'2
- [sec -1 Iu 1]-)2 - sec -1 1- Vr:;21 sec -1 I - 21 - 4"- 3" - - 12 -". ". t: -2 L. Letu=4-x2 A==_Jo
-2
=?
du=-2xdx
=> -~du=xdx;x=-2
flX/4_x2dx=_
=> u=O,x=O
2 4 -
=?
u=4,x=2
=> u=O
x/4-x2dx+
J0
== [~
U3/2] ~ = ~(4)3/2 - ~ (0)3/2
= .!f
J0
f4_.!.u1/2du+lo_~ul/2du=2
J0
f\,U1/2du=
-
J0
f4u1/2du
360
48. Let u
I - cos
=o?
du
sin x dx; x = 0
IJ
=o?
.J!J
(" (I - cos x) sin x
ox =
f'u
du = x dx
[~]:2
-
U = 0, X=
" -
If =o?
U= 2
59
11
= ~- ~
49. Let u = I A
=_
I"
+ cos
X =o?
L1u= -sin
=o?
=du = sin x dx; x =
-If
=o? 1I =
3 (sin x) / I
+ cos
du =
x dx = -
_;-;-
f'
cos
(-If)
= 0, x = 0
:=}
u=I
cos 0
=2
3ul;:'> (-L1u)
()
3 f'ul/2
I)
du = [2U:1!2] ~
.
2(2):1/2 - 2(0):3/2 = 2,;/2
50. Let u =
iT+iT
sin x
=o?
iTcos
x dx
:=}
du = cos x dx; x = - ~
x) (sin (If
=o?
U=
iT+
=
If
sin (- '}) = 0, x
u) (~
Because of symmetry about x
= - ~, A =
1)'
=
IO"I' } (cos
0) = 2
+ IT
sin x) dx
21," ~ (sin
:=}
IT
du)
sin u du = [-cos
uli~ = (-cos
iT) - (-cos
51. For the sketch given, a A
Ie
f)
=
..
0, b
il-~~JS2x)
-
ox = ~
1"
U
1f;
f(x) - g(x)
= I - cos" x
.;...
= sin" x =
(~
-
1-
CS' 2,;
=~
..,
60
(I - cos 2x) dx = ~ [x get)
'il~2X]
= ~[(If - OJ - (0 - 0)]
52. For the sketch given, a

A
-1' b = J; f'(t) t)
dt
=~
"_J,
0 sec" t + 4 sirr'
2
=~
I'_l,sec
t dt
+2
]"_>
= -2,
I~),
f(x) -
= ~ sec"
t - (-4
sin" t) = ~ sec" t
sec" t dt
4 J~>in"
t dt = ~ 2[t -
JT~>ec2 t dt + 4 r;
X I; .120-1'-!2 -1-5-
+ 4 sin
t;
(1-
~os 21)
dt
I - cos 2t) dt
=~
[tan tJ~:/1
sin/ (;;:l = /3 + 4· 1- /3 = ~
2x2)
61

A=
I'
= 2;
g(x)
2X2 - (x
1_
= 4x2
2.
(4x
2-
Xl) dx
=
=
[4~\ - .~] 2..

':;.2])"
(12_.'l)
=
- [-f - (- if)]
y2 - y";
128 15
54. For the sketch given, c
0, d
I: fey) --- gty)
55. Fur the sketch given, c A .•. [(lOy:! ~

.CC ( ~ -
0, d
I: try) - g(y)
- 12y:l
+ 2y) + (I
dy=
1, IOy2
I
(12y2 - 12y:l) - (2y" - 2y) = l Oy ' - 12y:1 + 2y;

dy
dy - I,112y:l
I>y
=
dy = [~y:l]
(I) -
[i}
yl]
i) + [~i'] (\
62
0) - (3 - 0)
- 0) = ~
56. For the sketch given, a = -I. b = I: f(x) - g(x) = x" - (_2Xl) A
x"
+ 2x I;
10 + 12 ~ --1-5-
Jol l x:1 +- 2 x ')

I
dx
= [~
.1'
+ 2:"] 1= _I
(11) + ..
~) - [-
1 .1
+- (- )') = ~ +- i ~)]
T'i
22
57. We want the area between the line y (formed by y

-
= I. () s: x s: 2. and the curve y =
= x and y
L'1 ._
I) with base I and height I. Thus, A

'2'_
= .1" (1r'
*'
nu nu.s the area of a triangle ~) ~ dxJ, - (1)(
I)
= [x _ ~] I.
2()
"
._ ('1 _ J'_) _ 12
'1 _~ .~ _ ....
l-
SR. We want the area between the x-axis and the curve y
= x'. 0 s: x S I =
x t Y = 2, and the x-axis) with base I and height I. Thus. A
II
,
pillS the area of a triangle (formed by x = I,
x2 dx
+ ~(1)(
-
I)
= [~] I +
. I)
~= ~ + .
1, =
-
5 -6
Copyright
© 20 I0 Pearson Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison- Wesley.

<;9. AREA = Al + A2 . AI: For the sketch given, a = -3 and we find b by solving the equations y = x2_ 4 and y = -x2 simultaneously for x: x2
-
361
2x
4 = _x2
2x
=?
2X2 + 2x - 4 = 0
=? =?
2(x
+ 2)(x - I)
=?
x = -2 or x = I so
b=-2:
f(x)-g(x)=(x2-4)-(-x2-2x)=2x2+2x-4 -4xL: = (-.if +4+8) -(-18+9+ 12)
AI=f,\2X"+2X-4)dX
==
A2:
[2~J +2~'
9-.if
=-'f:
For the sketch given, a = -2 and b = I: f(x) - grx) = (-x"

==?
- 2x) - (x" - 4) = _2X2 - 2x + 4

- (~ + I - 4) + (
A2 = - f_lpX2
+ 2x - 4) dx = -
[2~J + xl -
4X]
~2 =
-If
+ 4 + 8)
Ik.
I
= - ~ - I + 4 - .if + 4 + 8 = 9; Therefore, AREA = A I + A2 =
If
+9=
¥+ 3x) = 2x3
-
AREA = A I + A2 A1: For the sketch given, a = -2 and b = 0: f(x) - g(x) = (2x:l - x2 - 5x) - (_Xl
==?
8x
Al = J'~(2x:l-
8x) dx =
[2~4 - 8f] ~2
= 0 - (8 - 16) = 8; + 3x) - (2X:1- x2

-
A2: For the sketch given, a = 0 and b = 2: f(x) - g(x) = (-x2

==?
A2 =
Jo
r (8x _ 2x3) dx = [8;2 _ -
5x) = 8x - 2X:l
2X4] () = 2 4
(16 - 8) = 8;
Therefore, AREA = A I + A2 = 16 . AREA = AI + A2 + A3 AI: For the sketch given. a = -2 and b = -I:
=}
f(x) - g(x) = (-x
+ 2) - (4- x") = x" - x - 2
Al
f_~1(Xl
-I
X-
2) dx =
[f - ~ - 2X] ~:
f(x) - g(x)
2
= (- ~- ~+
2) - (- ~
-1 + 4)
= ~- ~=
14 3
6=
ll:
A2: For the sketch given, a .~ A2 = A3:
= -I and b = 2:
xii
= (4 - x2) =17
l)
(-x + 2)
= - (x" - x - 2)
( I I) - J- 2+ 2
(J) - X - 2 dx X"
= - [~ -
X ]2 "2 - 2x~1
(8
J - 4 - 4) + :2
= -3 + 8 H
I Y :2 = 2:
For the sketch given, a = 2 and b = 3: f(x) - g(x) = (-x + 2) - (4 - x") =

=}
A3 =
Jt: (X" 2
'J
x - 2) dx
Therefore, AREA AREA 'I At:
= AI + A2 + A3 =
*
3
[x:J,,] 3' +
x" -
x- 2
'J
* + (9 - * -
'2 - 2x
:1 2
= ('} - '2 -
6) - (3 =~
'2 -
4) = 9 - '2 - }:
0=
9- ~
= Al + A2 + A3
For the s ketc h given, a = -2 and b =: 0 f (x ) - g(x). = .

==?
(x:' - x ) ~
.1
Xi 1x - J = ~ - 4 x = J (3 J
- 4) x
AI=lJo
.1
(X:l-4X)dx=1[~-2x2]()
-I
-2
=0_1(4-8)=:!:
A2: For the sketch given, a = 0 and we find b by solving the equations y for x: ~ - x =}
1
2
f - x and y =
.1
0
} simultaneously
==?
~x
=0
3
=?
(x - 2)(x + 2)
:=?
=0
.1
=?
x = -2. x = O. or x = 2 so b = 2:
f(X) -
g(x) = ~ 3
(:<2 3
x) = _1 (x:' - 4x)
A2
_1 f2(x:1 _ -lx ) dx = 1f'(4X
IJ
_ x") = 1 [2x2 _~]

3
II
==
1 (8 - 4) -- :!. 3 3'
-
A3: For the sketch given, a = 2 and b = 3: f(x) - g(x) = (~ - x) - } = ~ (x3
,== \.
5
r;
=}
A3
= ~f.12
(x
4x) dx
= ~ ~ - 2X2 ., = ~ [(¥ - 2 . 9) - (1p - 8) 1 = ~ (¥

.:.
12+25 12 12 --l
[]'l
-lx )
(4)
H:
Therefore • AREA = Al + A2 + A3 - :! + :! + 11 -.1 3 12 -
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley,
362
=4[4x x2
63. a = -2. b = 2; f(x) - g(x) = 2 - (x" - 2)

=}
A = , (4 - x:2)dx = - -) . (l:! _ li) = ~ ~ 3 3 J
J.'
~]:2
3
-.2
= (8 - li) - (-8 + ~) .1 3
64.a=-I.b=3; f(x) - g(x)

=}
= (9 -
'
(2x - x2) (2x X"

?
(-3)
2x - x2 + 3
1 ]
y
•
.
1
+ 3) dx
J: = ['x-
'T +
'J -1
3x
9) - (I + ~ - 3) = II -
*=¥
65. a
= O. b = 2;
grx)
t(x) -
= 8x - x'
=
=}
A=
_ [~X' _ i:]:2 -~ 50
r Jo(8x
2
y - xl) dx
16 _ B =
555
~()-32
=~
2 66. Limits of integration:

=}
x:2 - 2x
=}
x2 = 3x
x(x - J)
= () =} a
-x
= ()and
b = 3;
I(x) - gtx)
=}
= x- (x" - 2x) = 3x - x2
(I
= f'(3X
9
2)
dx
[1~!_~]:l
" .
¥-
II
27 '2 IX
=~
x:2 = -x2
=}
07. Limits of integration:

'c?
+ 4x
=}
2x2 - 4x = 0
2x(x - 2)
gj x)
= ()
rex) =}
= ()and b = 2;
dx
= (-x" + -lx ) - x2 = _2X2 + 4x

+4x)
-32 H8
()
= l'(-2x2 ()
1:2
= [-2X' + 4~2]:2II 3"

2
=_
,liJ
+ ,liJ =
=~ ,1

=}
7 - 2X2 = x2 + 4
=}
3x2-
=0
3(x-
1)(x
I)
=0
=}
= -I and b = I;
I -I
I(x) - gt x )
=}
= (7 - 2x:2) - (x" +4) = 3 - 3x2
[I
= 3l(l-
D-
(3 _ 3x (-I
2) dx = 3 [x _ :eJ
+ 0]
J
= 6 (~)
=4
--.------+------~x
-1 1
Copyright
[nco Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 5.6 Suhstitution

\
I
:ll1d ;\1'\:;1
Between Curves
363
-,x-
.,
-I-
()
\,,-
--1-1(\' I)
I)
l) x
I x f ,~j( x II \)
\I i'l x
2)('(
+
-Ix'
o
') .- L
I, ~: --I- and
I)(x
(x '
) \
_7.
I -1-) - x'
,I I
"x"
.~
.J, .
''
\i
.1
jx~
-1-4
:1.
ldx
71
1, +- --1-)
~, ,Si
+hJ
-1- (17
-i .\
"1
1 t --1-)
_7 (--
t-'+~ __ --I-X]"
.
.~
+ ~ _ --1-) + (__ ;"
ill
Xi
+)
70. L (mil',
Dr
integration:
'(
II:'
X"
()
() or
j
,t'
( ~I
y = J;V~T.7
I. I
l!ll!;'" 1\1
i Iltl',:r,lt
'\ !_!r
i\ 111:
luI' \
{
(). I)
X, X
() ()
()
x. x
x
and
.~ \
~\ "l
;7\
I.
(I:
i()
«)
(but \
'(
_'tI ()
.;=:
\/--~r.
.:;\' \
:-
rx
--1-1\ X
l) I
\)
.\
(,
'(
\)d\
!
."(
I
I I
V
,,1
\
;(1
'(
dx
,, .- I
!
II I
./
\ J'
,
(
d_~! I i iil
.r
1 ~I
,-
OJ
r
i
..
.1:'(
x':
:'
()
.\
) d\
'\
("
1(1
]11
('I)PITigilt
I()
2()1() Pearson Education.
Inc. Pllblishll],!!
Its .\cldl"(
364
4 ,., , y
72. Limits of integration: y
2_
41 =
x - , x:S; - ...or x 2: '4_x2,-2:s;x:s;2
for x :s; -2 and x 2: 2: XL- 4
=~+4
'* '*
2x2 - 8
+ 8 '*
x2
16
for -2 :s; x :s; 2: 4 = ~+ 4 2=0 x x = 0; by symmetry of the graph,
'*
'* x = ± 4; '* 8 - 2X2 = x'
+8
A=
2fu" [( ~
+ 4) - (4 - x'2)]dx + 21:
fB_ 6
[( ~
4) fB_ 3
(x2
4)] dx = 2 [~]
y
~ + 2 [8X -
f] :
2 (§_ - 0) + 2 (32 2
16 + Ii) 6
40 - ~ .1
73. Limits of integration: fey) - gty)
c = 0 and d = 3;
=
J
2y2 - 0
2y2
3 ()
'*
= Jo r
2y2 dy
[~]:J
2.9
18
18
74. Limits of integration: y'2 = Y + 2
'*
~
'*
=
(y + 1 )(y - 2) = 0 (y + 2) - y'2 2y - ~] ~.)

-I
c A
= =
-I and d
-I
J2 (y + 2 -
2; fly) - g(y) y2) dy +
(:! + '2
4-
Ii) - (1. _,., 32-,)
= [~ + ". 1.) = 6 _
Ii _
32-.1
1. +?
_ 1. = '2
'2
75. Limits of integration: 4x = y2 - 4 and 4x = 16 + y
'*
y'2 _ 4 = 16 + Y 5)(y + 4)
(y-
'*
'*
c
y'2 - Y - 20 = 0
fly) _ g(y) =
co}
(16~ty)
C'~~) = __
-4 and d
'*
5;
y2+}+20
A=
±!54(_y2
1~5 1~9
+ y + 20) dy
= =
± [- ~ + ~ + 20y] "--I
H± (-
-=
+ l+ I80)
+ ~ + 100) - ~
=
2~3
(¥ + If-
80)

co} =}
y2=3-2y2 3y2=3 3(y-I)(y+I)=O c = -I and d = I: fey) - g(y) = (3 - 2y2) _ y2 3 - 3y" = 3 (I - y'2) 3
'*
x = y2 and x
'*
= 3 - 2y2
= =
'*
=3
3 (-I
JII (I -
y2) dy
[y - ~ 1 ~
= 3 (1 -
*) -
+ ~)
=3.2(1-*)=4 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

77. Limits of integration: x = -y~ and x = 2 - 3y2
=} _y2 = 2 - 3y2 =} 2y2 - 2 = 0 =} 2(y - I)(y + I) = 0 =} c = -I and d = 1; fty) - g(y) = (2 - 3y2) - (_y2) = 2 - 2y2 = 2 (I - y~) =} A=2
365
_1(I-y2)dY=2[y-fLl
==2(1-*)
-2(-1
+*) =4(~)
=~
y
x = y2/:l and x = 2 - yl
=} y2/:l = 2 - y! =} c = -1 and d = I; fey) - g(y) = (2 - yl) _ y2/3 =} A =
III
-
(2 - yl - y2;:l) dy
1 -I
== [2y -
f - h5/:l]
==(2 - ~ - ~) - (-2 + ~+ - __ (1 __1 _ ]_) = 11 -1 5 5 5
79. Limits of integration: x = y2 - 1 and x = Iyl ~

=} y2 _ I = IYI~ =} yl_2y2+I=y2_yl
"
=} y4 - 2y2 + 1 = y2 (1 _ y2) =} 2yl-3y2+I=O 1 = 0 or y" - I = 0
=} (2y2 - I) (y2 - I) = 0 =} 2y2=} y-
1" = '2 or y- = I =} Y = ± J2 or y = ± 1. 2-
Substitution shows thatL for -I
r;
are not solutions
=} y =
± 1:
:s; Y :s; 0, fix) - g(x) = -y ~

dy _y2)1/2dy
_ (y2 - I)
I - y2 - Y(I - y2) 1/2, and by symmetry of the graph,
A=2j()I[I_y2_y(l_y2)1/2] =2j(),(I-y2)dY-2r',y(I == 2
[y - ~
=
+2
0) [2 (1 ~t riC
[I
=2
[(0 - ()) - (-
+ *) 1 + U
o)
~(), AREA
AI + A2 x = 2y and x = il _ y2 =}
y
Limits of integration:
y:J_y2=2y=}
=?
y(y'2-y-2)=y(y+I)(y-2)=O
Y = -I, O, 2:
for -I
:s; Y :s; 0, fey) - g(y) = y3 - y2 - 2y

=
I I
\
-'-} AI
',
[0
(il_y2_2y)dy=
['L_L_y2
4 3
]0
. ')
-1
I
\
•
'=O-(±+*-I)=fi; for() :s; y

==>
:s; 2,' fey) - g(y) = 2y - il + y2 .
A2
(4-~+~)-O=~; Therefore, A I + A2 = .l. + Il. = 21.

12 .1 12
'*
.JrII (2y
+ y2) dy = [y'2 -
L + L] II 4 3
I 1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison- Wesley.
366
81. Limits of integration: y

=}
-4x" + 4 and y = x' - I

XI
x' - I
= -4x" + 4
=}
+ 4xc - 5
=0
=?
(x:2 + 5) (x - I)(x + I) -4x2
= 0 => a =-1
[ ,
and b
= I;
]
fix) - g(x) =
=?
I
+ 4 - x' + I = -4x" - x ' + 5

_
[ A='I(-4x2-xl+5)dx=--I~'-'~+5x
1 ~I
= (- ~ - ~ + 5) -
(1 +
~-
5) =
2 ( - } - ~ + 5) =
1;~4
y
82. Limits of integration: y = Xi) and y = 3x2 - 4 =? x;l - 3x2 + 4 = 0 => (x2 - X - 2) (x - 2) = 0 => (x + I)(x - 2)2 = 0 =} a = -I and b = 2;
fix) - grx) = x:) - (3x2
=}
A=
4) = x:l - 3X2 + 4
(X:I- 3x2 +4) dx =
= (!f -
-1
[0; _
¥
+3
1~'
'-I
+4x]:2
+ 8) - (± + 1 - 4) = =
83. Limits of integration: x = 4 - 4y2 and x = I _ yl

=}
4 - 4y2 (y -
I - yl
=}
yt - 4y2 I )(y
=0
=?
/3) (y + /3) (y >

=?
+ I) = 0 => c = -I
x
und d
I since x
0; fey) - gty) = (4 - 4y2) - (I _ yl)
3 - 4y2
+ y1
A
I _I
= [3Y _+yl1 + i] )
1(3
- 4y2
:±
3)
+ yl)
~
I)
dy
= 2(3 _
+ ~) =
84. Limits of integration: x

=?
.) v'2
= 3 - y2 and x = - ~
3y'2 ..,
3 - y- = - 1" => T - 3 = () c
=}
(y - 2)(y + 2) = 0
*
=
= -2 and d = 2; fey) - g(y) = (3 _ y:2) -~ ({)

=> A
3 (I - ~)
fCc
(I - ~) ely = 3
[Y - ~;] ~)
=3[(285. a= 0, b
=?
f2)-(-2+f2)]
= zr; f(x) grx)
=3(4-~) = 2 sin x - sin 2x
= 12-4=8
y
A=
l'(2sinx-sin2X)elx=
[.-2COSX+LO~2X];~
= [- 2( - I )
+ ~] - (- 2 . 1+-1)
=4
x
86. a
=-~,
"c}
b =};
==
i:
f(x ) -
grx)
8 cos x - sec2 x
(8 cos x - sec" x) dx
= [8 sin x- tan x 17C·~I/;l =
--/3) - (-8. V; + /3)
6/3
.(secx)2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley,

87. a = --I, b A
ccc:
367
J',
I: fix) - gt x) [I -
(I - x"l - cos dx =
C¥)
xC-
cos
(9)]
[x -
t - ~sin (9)]
=
~]
(,1- L -~) .1"
(-I + L +~) = .1"
2 (~-~) 3"
±- ~ ,1 "
-1
1 y
88. A=
<ll=
AI
tl(x) =?
+ A2 - L b, = 0 and a1 = O. be = I; -- gl(,x) = x - sin Uf) and f:b) about the origin,

=? A =
g2(X) = sin
(9) -
by symmetry
AI
+ ;\2 =
2A I
21,1 [sin
(9) - x]
"
dx
-= :2 [- ~ cos (¥) = 2 [( - ~ ·0'" II " J (.2. _ L) = ') (-1-,.,) = -I-iT -;-, :2 .._ 271",
cc
;'L
*] ]
~) - (- ~ . I - 0)]
"
89. a
=-f.
-c;'
.
•
I'-I) (sec" x =
IXCI
- '"
= ~; f(x)
- g(x)
sec2 x - tan" x
tan" x ) dx
-I[,eeCx-(secex-ll]dx -I
j
-- j'--II.dX
= "-- (_"-) -I -I
=~
_
_It
It
90. c
~. d
c:c
f: I(y)
=?
I
g(y)
=
.2 (sec" y - I)
r- >
= tan" y - (- tan" y) = :2 tan! y

(sec" y - I) dy
211an y
-+
--
YL,'
=
c:=
2 [(1-
D -- (-I
+ n]
(I-:D
-+-:i
lJl.
L'
O. d ~~
1: f(YJ -
g(y)
= J sin YvcosY
- 0 = J sin yJCOSY
'It
/2
92.
I.b=
,A
U J3 - n- [~(-J3) - j]
=-c I,
l:f(x)-g(X)=scc2(¥) [secl
(
-x];:;
-T) - x II] dx = [~tan (¥) -
1x
I, 1] ~ I
~~J
·1
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
368
Limits of integration: x = il and x = y
=?
93. A = Aj + A2
=? =?
Y = yJ cI=-I,dl=O
yl_y=O
C2
=?
y(y-I)(y+I)=O
and
= 0, d2 = I; fj(y) - gl(y) = y3 - Y and
f2(y) - g2(y) = Y Al + A2 = 2A2

=?
il
=?
A= 2
I'
)
by symmetry about the origin, (y - il) dy = 2 ~ "
[' ..']
L
I
()
94. A = A,
+ A2
x5 and
Limits of integration: y = x:l and y = x5 =? x3 = x5 =? X' - x:l = 0 =? x:l(X- I)(x + 1) = 0 =? al = -1, bl = 0 and a2 = 0, b2 = I; fleX) - gl(X) = x3 tAx) - g2(X) = x5 Al +
A2 -
x:l
=?
= 2A2
=?
A= 2
Jo
r (x
by symmetry about the origin,

3-
x'') dx = 2 [~ _ ~]
4 6
1 ()
95. A = Al + A2 Limits of integration: y = x and y = ~

=? =?
x = ~, x ~
x:l = I
=?
x = 1 ,fl(x) - gl(X) = x - 0 = x
u=
1/x2 y=x
96. Limits of integration: sin x = cos x and b =

=?
=?
i: f(x)
x= ~
=?
a= 0
- g(x) = cos x - sin x
r: Jil (cos X = ( v} + v/) - (0 +

A=
sin x) dx = [sin x + cos

I)
xJ~/1
fi - I
97. J) f'(ln 2x - In x) dx = J, f\_ln 98. A= [II
x + In 2
+ In x ) dx = (In 2) .J, f5dx = (In 2)(5 - I) = In 2' = In 16

.-sin'dx_ f"/J.-sinxdx=[lnlcosxllll Jo cos x ~ In 2
-Jr/l
'-~I..J.
tan x dx } /'"/\anxdx=JII
~O
_;;-/..j.L'OSX
, -[Inlcosxll"/:l
= (In I -In
72) -
(In ~ - In 1) = In
J2 + In 2 =
-
99. f!1(e2X
-eX)dx=
[e~' _e']:~3 = (e2~nl _e1n.l)
(~-eo)
(~-3) -
0 -I)
= ~ -2=2

100.
Jo
369
I ,
21n 2,
(ex/2
2
J
e- ;2)
dx =
[2e/2 + 2e-x/2]
J
J!n 2 ~
= (2eln2
+ 2e-ln2)
(2eO
+ 2eO) =
(4
+
=:}
I) - (2
+ 2) =
5- 4= I
A= ~
-2 ----="--,' I + x2
dx = 2
12
II
!
0 ----="--2 1+ x
dx:• [u = I
x2
=}
du = 2x dx:, x = 0
=}
u = I, x = 2
u = 5l
A = 2];5 ~ du = 2 [In lull ~ = 2(1n 5 - In 1) = 2 In 5
A-
J_
I 1
iI-')
dx - 2
1.' J_ C)
1
dx - 2
[~'ll
1
2
In
-I
__
__l_ In 2
1. C_
__ 2) - (
__l_ _1 In 2) ( 2)
_
-
_l_
In 2
(a) The coordinates of the points of intersection of the line and parabola are c = x2 =} X = ± and y = c (b) fey) - g(y) =
JY - (- /y) = 2/y
foc
C
Jc
=}
the area of
the lower section is, AL = =2
[fey) - g(y)] dy
foC /y
dy = 2 [~y3/2] ~ =
1 3/2.
The area of
the entire shaded region can be found by setting c = 4: A = region into subsections of equal area we have A = 2AL (c) f(x) - g(x) = c - x2 =
=} =}
AL =
Again, the area of the whole shaded region can be found by setting c = 4 23 condition A = 2AL, we get C3/2 = =} c = 4 / as in part (b).
JVc [f(x) -v'<

¥
g(x)] dx =
t:
-y'C
(1)
43/2 =
=2
(1
4~8
¥.
Since we want c to divide the
C3/2)
=:}
c = 42/3
-0
=}
(c - x2) dx = [cx _ ~]
Vc_
= 2 [c3/2 _
c~2]
32 C/ .
A=
¥.
From the
Limits of integration: y = 3 - x2 and y = -1

=}
3 - x2 = -I
=}
x2 = 4
-
=}
a = -2 and b = 2;
f(x) - g(x) = (3 - x2)

=:}
(-1) =
4-
A=
[~(4-x2)dX=
[4x-
= (8 =}
D-
(-8
+D
= 16 - ~ =
~r2 ¥
x2
(b) Limits of integration: = 2(3 _ y)I/2

=:}
let x = 0 in y = 3 - x2
Y = 3; fey) - g(y) = A = 2 [3
J3=Y - (-~)
-2
p - y)I/2 dy =
3
J3
1(3 - y)1/2(_1) dy = (-2)
[2(3
_:p3/1]
~l =
(-1)
[0 - (3
+ 1)3/2]
(:!) 3
(8) = II
Limits of integration: y = I
=:}
+ x = 2 =} x = (2 =} 4x + x2 =:} x2 - 5x + 4 = 0 =:} (x - 4)(x - 1) = 0 =:} x = 1,4 (but x = 4 does not satisfy the equation); y = and y = ~ =} =~
I
=
=}Jx
+ Jx X= 4 -
7x ' x 'I 0
+ jX
and y =
7x
x)2
y = 2/Vi
7x
=
7x
=:}
8 = xjX
=:}
64
= x3
Al
=:}
= 4.
Therefore, AREA = Al
+ A2:
== (1 + XI/2)
:::
=:}
.f
fleX) - gl(X) (1
+ XI/2
~)
dx
[X
2' + :;x:3/2
T"]
I 0
370
= (I + ~ -
k) -
0=
ti; f"(x) -
g2(X) = 2x-l/2
-1
,
=? A2 AREA
.f
(2X-l2 - ~) dx
= '-1 2~
[4xl/2 -
*] :
11 J
= (4. ~ ")- 12) - (4 - 1) = 4 - 12 = 12. Therefore H 8 X X' 106. Limits of integration: =3-y
=}
= A I + A2
+ 12-X
.1751 24
~24 -
(y - 1)2 = 3 - Y =? y2 - 2y + I =? (y-2)(y+ 1)=0
=? y2-y-2=0
y = 2 since y
> 0; also, 2 fi
=}
=3- Y
lOy + 9 = ()
=? 4y
9 - 6y + y2
y2
=? (y - 9)(y - I) = () =? Y = I since y = 9 does not satisfy the equation; AREA = Al + A2 fl(y) - gl(y) = 2fi - () = 2yl/2
1 ()= *; .
=? Aj = 2 flyl/2 dy = 2 [~] =? A2 =
J2 [3 -
Jo
f2(y) - g2(y) = (3 - y) - (y - 1)2
y - (y - 1)2] dy = [3y
Therefore, Al + A2 = ~ +
i = Jt =
-1 y2 -
~ (y - I )3]
~=
(6 - 2 -
*) =2
(3 - ~ + 0)
= I - ~ + ~ = ~;
107. Area between parabola and y = a2: A = 2 L'(a2

"
x2) dx = 2 [a2x - ~ Xi];)

a-
(a:; - 'f) _ 0 =
.j~J;
Area of triangle AOC: A (2a) (a") = a'': limit of ratio =
lim
0+
«)'t
= ~ which is independent of a.
108. A =
I"
2f(x) dx -
I"
fix) dx = 2
J"
fix) dx -
I"
fix) dx =
Ih
JIl
fix) dx
=4
109. Neither one; they are both zero. Neither integral takes into account the changes in the formulas for the region's upper and lower bounding curves at x = O. The area of the shaded region is actually A=
J'.l.II
[-x - (xj] dx +
r Jill [x -
(-x)] dx =
JIl -2x
dx +
r.,
dx
= 2.
110. It is sometimes true. It is true if fix) 2: g(x) for all x between a ami b. Otherwise it is false. If the graph of f lies below the graph of g for a portion of the interval of integration, the integral over that portion will be negative and the integral over [a, b] will be less than the area between the curves. III. Let u = 2x =? du = 2 dx =? ~ du = dx; x = I=? u = 2, x
= 3=?
u= 6
JI'
('
,in 2x
dx =
J2 hl 2
=}
f.b Si~., U
(1 du) = f6
J2 U
sin U
du = [F(u)] (: = F(6) - F(2)
"
112. Let u = I - x
II
()
f(1 - x) dx =
III
I
du = -dx
=? -du = dx; x = 0
feu) (- du)
=-
I"
I
I(u) du = =? u=
II
0
=}
u = I, x = I =? u
f(u) du =
JI
I)
fix) dx
113. (a) Letu=-x fodd
=? du=-dx;x=-I
-1
l.x=O
=? u=O
=? f(-x)=-f(x).
ThenjOf(x)dx=
J!
f"n-u)(-du)= =? u=o
=-
JI
f"-f(u)(-du)=
JI
fllf(U)du=-jl
()
f(u)du
-3 =? du=-dx;x=-I =? fe-x) = fix). Then
(b) Letu=-x feven
I"
=? U= I,x=()
.. f(x)dx =
. [I
I"
f(-u)(-du)
I"
I~.
fun du
[I1(1I)dll = 3
()

114. (a) Consider IO/(X) dx when f is odd. Let u
371
=> u = O. Thus
Thus I_a/(X) dx (b)
I
J°
fa
I:f(X) = I.0 = I:f(X) +

dx dx
-x
=> du = +dx => +du = dx and x = -a => u = a and x = 0

I.°f(U) du iaf(X) dx (- ~)
-f(-u)
du
=-
i"f(U)
du = -.J:"f(x) dx
dx.
iaf(X) dx
=-
+ iaf(X)
= O.
,/2
_~l2sinx dx x
[-cos X]:_I1r~2
-cos
(I) + cos
= 0 + 0 = O.
115. Let u I=
=a-
=> du = - dx; x = 0 => u = a, x = a => u = 0
f(x) dx f(xJ+f(a-x)
= J a f(a-uHf(u)
[(x) dx f(xJ+f(a-x)
fO
I(a=u)
( -
d)
U
=
_ -
J°
fa
f(a-u) du f(u)+f(a-u) f(xJ+f(a-x)
= J 0 f(xJ+f(a-x)
d_ X-
fa
f(a-x) dx
_fa => I + I - J °
+ J°
fa
f(a-x) dx f(xJ+f(a-x)
J 0 f(x)+f(a-x)
fa
J°
fad
- [ ]a 0_ x- X0- a- a.
Therefore, 2I = a 116. Let U =
=> I = ~.
du
~t =>
= - ¥t =
y
x
1 dt
t
Jy
fl_
1 du
_IllY U
dt
=>
_..l. xy
du
=
u
1 dt t
=> -
1 du u
1 dt: t t'
=> u = y, t = xy => u = 1. Therefore,
du
= t"
JI
c
1 du
JI
fY 1 dt
t
117. Let u
t:
= x + c =>
du
f(x
+ c) dx = I.
= dx; x = a feu) du =
=> u = a, x = b - c => u = b
fb
f(x) dx (b)
(c)
118. (a)
f(x). sin lC
y 2
~x+5).
rx;;
f(x).
VX-4
119-122.Example CAS commands: Maple: f := x -> xA3/3-xA2/2-2*x+ 1/3;
g := x -> x-I;
plot( [f(x),g(x)], x=-5 ..5, legend=["y = f(x)" ,"y = gtx)"], title="#119(a) (Section 5.6)" ); ql :=[-5,-2, 1,4]; #(b) i=l..nops(ql)-1 )]; # (c) ..q2[i+ I] ); q2:= [seq( fsolve( f(x)=g(x), x=q l li] ..ql[i+l]), for i from 1 to nops( q2)-1 do area[i] := int( abs(f(x)-g(x»,x=q2[i] end do; add( area[i], i=l..nops(q2)-1 );
# (d)
Mathematica: (assigned functions may vary) Clear]x, f, g] f[x_] = x2 Cos [x] g[x_] = x3
-
Plot[{f[x], g[x]} , [x, -2, 2}]
372
After examining the plots, the initial guesses for FindRoot #) 1&, (-1,0, pts[[3]1)] can be determined.
pts = x/.iVlap[FindRootlflxl==glx],(x, i I =Nlntegrate[f[x i2=Nlntegrate[f[x]il
I)
3.
I-
glx],
[x, pts[[ 111, pts] [211 II
g]x ], [x, pts[[21]'
+ i2
CHAPTER 5 PRACTICE EXERCISES 4.

I. (a) Each time subinterval
midpoint the right endpoint the following t (sec) v (fps) h (n) is of length c.t = 0.4 sec. The distance traveled over each subinterval, and
Vi"1
using the the velocity

Vi
rule, is c.h = ~(v,
Vi
I)
c.t, where
Vi
is the velocity
at the left endpoint
at to
of the subinterval.
We then add c.h to the height attained

Viti
so far at the left endpoint
arrive at the height associated
with velocity 1.6 100 56 2.0 190 114
at the right endpoint. 2.8 165 257 3.2 150 320 3.6 140 378
Using this methodology 4.0 130 432 4.4 115 481 4.8 105 525 5.2 90 564
we build
table based on the figure in the text: 0.4 10 2 0.8 25 9 1.2 55 25 2.4 180 188 5.6 76 592 6.0 65 620.2
0
0 0
5. '
t (sec) v (fps) h (ft) NOTE:
6.4 50 643.2
6.8 37 660.6
7.2 25 672
7.6 12 679.4
8.0
0 681.8 from ours depending in the printing on the v-values process.
h (feet)
700 600
500 400
6. :
Your table values may vary slightly that some shifting is about 680 ft.
you read from the graph.
Remember
of the graph occurs
7.
The total height attained
(b) The graph is based on the table in part (a).
8.
.100
200 I (X) -()I-"'~--',---'--"-~
t (sec)
'J
(a)
Each time subinterval midpoint rule, is tis
is of length tit
I sec. The distance

Vi
traveled
over each subinterval,

Viii
using the at the

Vi
= ~ (v, +
Vi
I) tit. where
with velocity
is the velocity
at the left, and attained
the velocity
right. endpoint
of the subinterval.
associated
We then add c.s to the distance
so far at the left endpoint Using this methodology 26 9 2 25.4
to arrive at the distance distance t (sec) v (m/sec) s trn) traveled:

()
v., I at the right endpoint.
we
build the table given below based on the figure in the text, obtaining
approximately 7 4.5 18.65

25 20
15
for the total 10
I
0.5 0.25
2 1.2
3 2 2.7 by the
4 3.4 5.4
5 4.5 9.35
6 4.8 14
8
3.5 22.65
0
0
0
26.4
1.1
traveled
(b) The graph shows the distance moving body as a function 10.
of time for
OS
t :;
10
o
10 t
CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

6.1 VOLUMES USING CROSS-SECTIONS 1. A(x) = (diag~nal)2 (Vx_~_Vx»2 =2x;a=0,b=4; =
V = J.b A(x) dx =
fo42x
dx = [x2l6 = 16
2. A(x) = ;r(dia~eter)2 = V = J.b A(x) dx =
11"[(2-x
fl 71'(1 - 2X2+ x") dx = 71'[x -
2-
X2
)2
"[2(1 -x 4
2))2 =71'(1-2x2+x4);a=
-1,b=
1;
~ x3 + ~] ~ 1 = 271'(1 _ ~ +
!) = \~7l"
-1, b = 1;
A(x) = (edgej'' = [~V = J.b A(x) dx =
r>(l-I
(-~)r = x2) dx = 4 [X- ttl

2
(2~r = 8 (1 -~)
2
= 4(I-x2); =
a=
1f
A(x)=(dJag~nal) V=
a
A(x) Ib dx = 2JI
[~-(-~)l =2
(1 - X2) dx = 2 X -
[]]
(2~) 2
-1
=2(I-x2);a=-I,b=l; = 4 (1 -
0=
(a) STEP 2) A(x) = ~ (side)· (side)- (sin STEP 3) a = 0, b = 71' STEP 4) V = J.bA(x) dx = 0
1)
= ~ . (2~)
. (2~)
(sin
I) =
sin x
fa"sin x dx = [-0 (2~)
cos x]: = 0(l = 4 sin x
+ 1) = 20
(b) STEP 2) Atx) = (sidej'' = (2~) STEP 3) a = 0, b = 71' STEP 4)

V=
A(x) dx =
fa"
4 sin x dx = [-4 cos xl; = 8 tan =
(a) STEP 2) A(x) = 7r(dia~eter)2 =

=4 .
Z': [sec2
:i (sec x -
X)2
]
:i (sec- x +
tarr' x - 2 sec x tan x)
x + (sec- x-I)
STEP 3) a = STEP 4) V= =
-1' b = 1
_ 2 co~x sinx
A(x) dx =
J::: ;f
2 (-10/3
(2 sec? x-I
~~!~:) :i [2 tan x dx =
1+
2 ( - d»))] =
x + 2 (-
co~ x) ]
:i [20 -1 + -1' b = 1
a
ill) - (-20
X)2
~:!3
:i (40
- ~)
(b) STEP 2) A(x) = (edgej' = (sec x - tan STEP 3) a = STEP 4)

V=
= (2 sec'' x - I - 2
~~~/x)
-
fb A(x) dx = J"/3
A(x) dx
(2 sec2 x - I -
2 sig cos X
x)
dx = 2 (20
1) = 40
~
-~
Arx) = (length)· (height) = (6 - 3x)· (10) = 60 - 30x STEP 3) a = 0, b = 2
STEP 4) V =
Ib
fa2 (60 -
30x) dx
[60x - 15x2]
= (120 - 60) - 0 = 60
394
Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

(b) STEP 2) A(x) = (length) . (height) = (6 - 3x) . STEP 3) a::: 0, b = 2 STEP 4) V =
e()~
21 6 ~ 2
.1X)) = (6 - 3x)(4 + 3x) = 24 + 6x - 9x2
f,A(x)
h
dx
Jo (24 + 6x - 9x2)dx = [24x + 3x" - 3x.1]0 = (48 + 12 - 24) - 0 = 36

0
r2
8. (a) STEP 2) A(x) ::: ~(base) . (height) = (JX STEP 3) a = 0, b = 4 STEP 4) V::: A(x) dx =
2
0 . (6)
::: 6JX - 3x
l)~ (6XI/2
= 1. .
2"
3x) dx = [4Xl/2 - ~x2] ~ = (32 - 24) - 0 = 8

2
(b) STEP 2) A(x) = 1. . 2
7T(dial11eler)2
~(.jX~ ,)2
!C • x~,)'+ 2 -I
~x' _
-
!C 8
(x _
3/2
+ 1.
-Ix
2)
STEP 3) a = 0, b = 4 STEP 4) v=fA(x)dx=il:(x - x3/2 + ~x2)dx= [~X2 ~X5/2
+ -hx.1]~=H8-¥+1f)-~(O)=-&
9. A(y) = % (diarneterj''
% ( Vsy2 _ 0)
dy =
-
C = 0, d = 2; V = l"A(Y)
Ll ¥ v' dy
¥ yl;
= [( ¥)
(*)] ~= % (2
0) = 87f diameter of circle
10. Aty) = ~ (leg)(Ieg) V=

.,
'd
A(y) dy = .
II 2( I I .
= ~ [~y2) dy
(_~)]2
=2
•
['] L
y -~
.l
= ~ (2~)2
I ~l
2(1 - y2);C = -I,d
= I;
= 4 (I - 1.) = ti 3_1
II. The slices perpendicular to the edge labeled 5 are triangles, and by similar triangles we have ~ = } 4 along the positive y-axis. The equation of the line through (5,0) and (0,4) is y = - ~x base = -~x + 4 and the height:::
= ~x2 -))
=?
h = ~b. Suppose
that the triangle with edges labelled 4 and 5 lies in the xy-plane, with the edges meeting at the origin, and the edge labelled
H-~x
+ 4, thus
+ 4) ::: -~x
+ 3.Thus
J.1x
5
A(x) ::: ~(base).
(height) =
H-~x
the length of the
+ 4)
. (-~x + 3) -0
lJx
+ 6 and V:::
• a'
f'b A(x)
dx:::
Jr~(~x2 0 _5
+ 6)
dx =
[-f.-X3_5)
gx2
+ 6x]5() =
(\0 - 30
+ 30)
10
12. The slices parallel to the base are squares. The cross section of the pyramid is a triangle, and by similar triangles we have
~ = 3. =? b::: 3.h. Thus A(y) ::: (base)" = (ly)2 = ~y2 h 5 5· 5 _)
=?
r
c
A(y) dy =
Jr5 'fy2 ()
_5
dy =
5 [f-y3] () = _5
15 - 0
1
1
15
l 1
13. (a) It follows from Cavalieri's Principle that the volume of a column is the same as the volume of a right prism with a square base of side length s and altitude h. Thus, STEP 2) Arx) = (side length)? = STEP 3) a = 0, b
= h; STEP 4) V =
r
,
Atx) dx =
r
0
S2;
52
dx = s2h
(b) From Cavalieri's Principle we conclude that the volume of the column is the same as the volume of the prism described above, regardless of the number of turns
=?
= s2h
Section 6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections

The solid and the cone have the same altitude of 12. ii) The cross sections of the solid are disks of diameter x - (~) = ~. If we place the vertex of the cone at the origin of the coordinate system and make its axis of symmetry coincide with the x-axis then the cone's cross sections will be circular disks of diameter J - (- ~) = ~ (see accompanying figure). iii) The solid and the cone have equal altitudes and identical parallel cross sections. From Cavalieri's Principle we conclude that the solid and the cone have the same volume.
·1 ·2 y 3
395
" .. -%/4
·3
NOT TO SCALE 71"10( I - X+ ~) dx = 7r [X 2
= 71"2 (
-1 +
X
fl)
v=
2
1o\r[R(X)]2 dx =
7r
10 (I -
D 2 dx =
2
¥+
~] :
R(y) =
3 r t" 3 r 1 => v = Jo 71"[R(y)]2 = 7r Jo (1) 2 dy = 71" ~ y2 dy = dy Jo
7r
[i y3]
2 0
= 71"' ·8 = 671"
R(y) = tan (~ y) ; U = ~ y => du = ~ dy => 4 du = V=Jo
7r
t'
dy; y =
° =>
(,,/4
U = 0, y = I => u = ~ ; (-I+sec2u)du=4[-u+tanul~
7r/4
71"[R(y)]2dy = 71"Jo[tan (;fy)] ~
fl
dy=4Jo
f~/4
tan2udu=4Jo
= 4 (R(x)
+I-
0)
=4-
7r
r= i are the limits of integration; V = Jo 71"[R(X)]2x d r~/2 f = 71" (sin x cos X)2dx = 71"o (si P dx; [u = 2x => du = 2 dx => -f = -1 ; x = 0 => = 0, Jo J s,"/ => U= 71"]_. V=71"1o~ lsin2udu= i [~± sin2u]~ = i [(i -0) -0] = ~
=
sin x cos x; R(x) = 0 => a = 0 and b =
1f /
R(x) = x2 => V
=
[
10 71"[R(x)]2 = 71" 0 (x2)2 dx dx 1
= 71"0\4 1
dx
= 7r
f] : = 3;IT
Rtx)
= x3 => V = 1o\[R(x)]2 dx
10\6 dx
=
71"10 3)2 dx (X
==
7r
71"~] o = [
12r
396
Chapter 6 Applications
of Definite Integrals
dx = 7r f,(9
= 2· if'
21. Rtx) =
)9 -
= 7r [9X
--
~J
x2
:'~:J
'*
=
V=
J>TlR(X)]"
x'2) dx
2if [9(3) -
¥]
18 = 367r
-3
22. R(x)
=
o
x - x2 (x2
-
'*
2X:l
= Jo (1,,[R(x)]"
= 7r [~
J
clx
-I
= 7rJI () (x + ~] () 1 )
- x2)" dx
= ;rJI
if
0 - ~+ *) = }h (10 -
+ x'). dx
_ 2,1
15 + 6)
= }h
x
23. Rt x) = V
.rcosx '*
l-U' .~
V = {,,/2 if[R(x)]'2
Jo
dx = 7r ("f2eos x dx
I«
= ;r [sin x];;/2
= ;r(1 - 0)
;r
24. R(x)
sec x
'*
J",,>[R(x)]2
= 2;r
dx
7r J",,>ec
x dx
if [tan x]'-_' /_1 ",.j
= 7r[ I - ( - I )]
25. R(x)=e-x ,
'*
I V=J 7r[R(x)]'"dx=7r 0
(1(eX)"dx Jo
26. R(x)
=~
'* V =
V
f"C/o
2 ;r[R(x)
J"dx = 7r
f.'02 ( ~/
(~)2
dx
dx
if
r.
cot x dx = 7r
f;~~2~~::clx = 7r [In (sin
x)] :~~
tt
(In I - In ~)
= if In 2
=
27. R(xJ
= ,-lr
-v'
.=}
J1d
rI
iTJR(x)]ldx
=if
.11
f'l
~Vx
= _-I,,}'1 x,1 dx Id
4;;:[In X]~il = % (in 4 - In~) = ~ In4

-
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
397
29. R(x)=fi-secxtanx
=
IT
=}
V=
E"~7f[R(x)12uX
l)'~ fi (
I,'''~ (2
U
- sec x tan x) 2 dx
sec x tan x
= 7f
- 2 fi
+ sec"
x tan" x) dx
= IT
= IT
(1"~2 dx - 2 fi
([2X];? - 2 fi
lC'~sec x tan x dx
{)
+ ~/I)
1
(I
c~
(tan x):!sec:! x ux)
[sec
XJ~i +
j
If [
«()
[ta)~',]
0) - 2 fi
( /2 -
I) + * (1:
x)
=}
0)]
11 (~
+ 2/2dx
Jf )
y
30. R(x)
= IT
r
IJ
2 - 2 sin x 4( I - sin
= 2(1 - sin
x):!
= lC21T[R(x)f
Il
dx
4IT
j"
(I
+ sirr'
dx
x - 2 sin x ) dx
=-hf2[1
-
+~(I-cOS2x)-2sinxl 2 sin
= 41T1c 2(~ _ C(",2' _

-
x)
it
= 4~ [~ x /I:!
'Ill _\
-+
" + ..., os x1 () ' ._, c
!':
31. R(y)
=
-
/5 y:!
1 1=
=}
Ft
IT[R(y)J:! dy
11
f, 5yl
dy
= ;;[y']
IT[ I - (-I)]
= 2fT
j +----------x
15
-1
1
I
32.
R(v)
01 .
= vI:!
.;
=}
V=
j"IT[R(v)
().
[2
dv
~
IT
•
J" - yi dy
()
= ;;-
11-
r "]
:!
II
= 4IT
33. R(yl
'_CC
-- "
____!.oJ _ sin _y dy " ..., ,

• I)
V<2. sin 2y
=}
V=
II
.J()
,,1
r-
IT[R(y)
],,;2
II
[2 dy
cos -y
== ;;-11- (-1)1
= 2JT
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
398

¥
=}
34. R(y) = Jcos =7f

n
V=
Fe
7f[R(y)]2 dy
0
I_lcos(¥)dy
=4[sin¥L2=4[O-(-I)]=4
35. R(y) =
-+,
VY+I
=}
V = f37f[R(y)]2 dy = 47f f3 _+1, dy
J()
In
y
3
= 47f [lnly
II];) = 47f[ln4 -In IJ = 4'7fln4
'3
2
1 1
2 x=--
Jy+l
36. R(y) = ~ [u = y2 + I
->
=} =}
V = i)1 7f[R(y)]2 dy = '7fi)12y(y2 du = 2y dy; y = 0

=}
+ If2
=}
dy;
u = I, y = I
u = 2J
V=7ffU-2du=7f[-~]~=7f[-~-(-1)1
=1i
37. For the sketch given, a = - ~, b =
= 1"T:'
7f(I - cos x) dx = 27f
r:
r Jo
_l (]
Ji;
R(x) = I, r(x) =
JCOSX";
V=
7f([R(x)]2 - [r(x)]2) dx
(1 - cos x ) dx = 27f[x - sin X]~/2 = 2'7f(1i
I) = '7f2- 27f
U, d = ~; R(y) = I. r(y) = tan y; V =
ld 7f([R(y)]2 y
[r(y)]2) dy I) = ~ - 7f
= 7f fT'.j(I _ tan" y) dy = 7f
J()
t:' , J() (2 - sec? y)
dy = 7f[2y - tan y]~/4 = '7f(~ -
39. r(x)
=
= x and R(x) = I
fl J"
tt
=}
V=
7f([R(x)]2 - [r(x)j2) dx
(I _ x2) dx
7f [x - "-'-]I = '7f[(1 -
1) J
0] = ~

40. r(x)
=
399
2jX and R(x)
=?
== 7rJ:1 (4 - 4x) dx = 47r[X -
!ol 7r([R(X)]2 - [r(x)]2) ¥] ~ = 47r (1 - D = 27r

=
dx
--t--------x
41. r(x) = X2 + 1 and R(x) = x
=? V
= 7rJ:I
= 7r = 7r
-
f, 7r([R(x)]2 - [r(x)]2)
-
+3
y
dx
r
[
[(X + 3)2
[(x2
(x2
+ 1)2] dx
+ 6x + 9) - (x4 + 2x2 + 1)] dx

X"
= 7r J_21(_Xi
,5
x2
+ 6x + 8) dx
2
- 5" - "3
- tt [(- g 532
6x + 2" + X -1 !! + .£! + 16) - (1 + 1 + ~- 8)] - 7r (532
8] ~ -
-1 21 - 3 5
2 .!..!1z!: 5
+ 28 -
+ 8) - 7r (5.30-33) = 5
y
r(x) = 2 - x and R(x)

=?
V=
= 7rtl
= 7r
fl [(16 (12
J:I 7r([R(x)]2 [(4 - X2)28x2
=4-
x2
[r(x)]2) dx X)2] dx
-
(2 -
+ x4)
(4 - 4x
+ x2)] dx
-1 2
= 7rtl
+ 4x - 9x2 + x4) dx
3
== 7r [12X + 2X2 - 3x
+ ~] ~1
= rr [(24 + 8 -
24
+ ¥)
- (fi
12 + 2
+ 3 - D] == 7r (15 + ¥) =
lOr'
r(x) = sec x and R(x) =

=?
V=
'4
f_K:): zr ([R(x)J2
1) - (- ~
- [r(x)]2) dx
/1
= n J ~_)2
= 7r [( ~ -
- sec? x) dx = 7r[2x - tan X]~;r/4
+ 1)] = 7r(7r-
y-seex
2)
~~----~------~x /4 ~/4
-fC
R(x) = sec x and r(x) = tan x :::} V =
r Jo 7r([R(X)]2 - [r(x)]2) dx
l
::::7rJ:I (sec'' x - tan2 x) dx = 7r
!ol 1 dx =7r[X]6
= 7r
400
45. r(y)
=}

=
=rr
= rr
f [(1' + I] dy f (2y + y~) dy

()
=.t
1 andR(y)
IT
1 +y
([R(y)J2 - [r(y)f)
=
IT
()
y)L -
f (1 + 2y + y2 ()
dy
(1, 1)
1) dy
II
= rr
[y2 +
i]
3
()
= rr
(I +
1) = ~ 3 3
X
46. R(y)
=
=' o
1 and r(y) [I (1-
1 - Y =} V
=
ITf'
0
Iol
0
I
IT
([R(y)]2 - [r(y)]") dy
y 1
(1, 1)
ITf'
= tt
f' (2y - y2) dy

II
y)2] dy
=
IT
[1 - (I - 2y + y2)] dy
[y2 _
i]
3
IT
(1-
1) 3.
¥X
47. R(y)
=}
2 and r(y)
=
= iT
r
II
14
0
JY 4
IT(
IT
([R(y)J2 - [r(Yl]2) dy
(4 - y) dy
IT
[4y - ~]
•
16 -
8)
8IT
x
2
48. R(y)
=}
=
V
13 and r(y)
=
1
IT
IV
o
IV
0
= }3 - y2
iT([R(y)JL - [r(y)]") dy
= 7Tlv1
0
.f3
[3 - (3 - y~)l dy
IJ
y2 dy
=iT
[Y',] -,
/3
=7T
13 3
= 1+
J3
49. R(y) = 2 and r(y)

=}
JY
V=
Tr
f'
11
7T (lR(y)J2
- [r(y) [2) dy
[4 - (I +
JY) 2] dy
y) dy
X
=Tr = =
1,1 (4 -
1 - 2JY -
iT
I,' (3 :!.
3
2 JY - v) dy yIn _ ~]
• II
I
iT [3y _
IT
-1
(3
-1- D = 7T (IX- 8-3)

6
=~
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
,
50. Rty l -= 2 - yl':
=?
401
Y .... ~
if.L'
and r(y)
I dy
if (IR(y)1" .- [r(y)n yl/::)" +-y:!(;
[(2-
I] dy
- I) dy
=
=
iff'
._
if f"
• tl
(4 _4yl/l;
-2
-1
1.1
(3 -- 4yi';: + /'1) dy
I .,' 1 i,1 + ~== J n1 :'I
= ;;-
r l'Y _. 3y .'
x)
'--0
tt
3- 3
, + Co1 ) = ~ ))
51.
(a)
IX and
=C~
R(x) = 2 - rr(x)I")
IT
[']
~y
=;;•
('4 ..In
iTlIR(x)]" -
dx
I
[]
'4
(4 - x) dx
I)
= =
4x -
'i=
-
IT(
16 - 8)
87r
(h) riv) .:-. 0 and R(y) c Y

. il-l
--- F'
I)
=
..
I' if (iR(y)]"
II
y2
- [r(y)I")
"---;:-32;r
) ()
dy
yI
dy - /I
[i]:! ~
:)
(e)
r( x I
() and R(x)
._ (j
2 - V,\. IX
-=}
14
()
IT
(lR(x) *]1
f - Ir(x)
12) dx = -._
if
t (2I) _
V IX,)2 dx _\
iT f" Id) r(y)
(4 - 4 V" + x) dx IX
4 - y" and R(y)
7r
[4x - ~X' , .\
•
4 =;. Y -=
F'
I)
_ () = IT (16 -- (,:± ~ --lr(y)j2) dy
+- l.(') _
cc=
==
~+ ,
[16 - (4I
iT(jR(y)l"
if
•
f"
(J
y:!).']
,-')
.')
dy
~)
\ 'J:! , - (fl,
() -II
-~-
)2,
(al
rt v) y=
() ~1I1d R(y) ==
I- ~ dy 2
I,'
II
7r(iR(YI12-lr(Y)I:!)
_ l!
;;-f"
~
(I -n:!dY=ifj"
.e
(I-y+~)dy 4
iT
[y- ~~ + LI·~]'-' .;
1 II
t:
(2 - i + "-
f,)
dy
.c= L,;'
x
1
Ihl
ny
I and R(y) -= 2 -- ~
.r
7r(jR(y)l-'
-Ir(y)f)
= 7r
L [(2 -
}):! - I] ely
iT
.f' (4
2y
+ )'
-f
I) ely
'I,
(al
rtx ) - () and R(x)
'> y
if
,
,r
I -- x-'
-Ir(x)f)
IT
•
y dx
I
iT(IR(x)l-'
X2)'2
/"
(I -
dx=
1"
(I - 2x-' I- x l ) dx
:;-:l\
-= ~ if Ihl
(
+~rl=-2IT(I-~+U
I'-=tlt'2)=
It~7
-XC=;.
r(\)
I and R(x) == 2
i-l- -
'; --;r
4x2 "'Ot
+ X 1_
.
I) d x c-=
IT.r (3I
.r,
7r(jR(x)l:!
Ir(x)I") dx
I
iT ,(,
[(2
t \]1
,:!/
_.
IJ dx 2" (3
4 x:! +x
I dx
iT
[.h --} \:
f-
)) ,_" 56;, l'i © 2010 Pearson Education,

Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Copyright
402
(c)

r(x) = 1+ x:2 and R(x)
2 ==} V =
[I
~I'
li ([R(x)12-
[r(x)f)
dx = Jr
PI[4 -
(I + X2)2] dx
I -1
li
15
J'I
I.
(4 -
I - 2X2 - x') dx=

MIT 15
liJI
(3 - 2X2 - x')
dx
= li [3x - ~ X:lJ
i:]
5
= 2li (3 - ~ 3
1)
= ~(4'i-IO-3)=
-
54. (a)
r(x) =OandR(x)
.::i' = tt
Ih Ilh(- ~ +
=
II
= -p,x+h dx
li ([R(X)J2 - [r(x)f) x h):2 dx
= Jr
J:l (~
..b,
Xl
2~2 X + h2)
b
dx
=
(b)
Jrh2
[,x', _
,
i: + b
x]
()
= Jrh2 (Q_ - b + b) = "h'b 3 J
!iOlI'a_-x b
- [r(y)]") dy
r(y) ,= 0 and R(y) = b (I - O==}

= ifb"
Ih
I
V
2
Ilh
i h
y2
tt ([R(y)J2
= b.) 3
lib2
foh
3
(I - 0
dy
(I - :1I +
h
i,) dy = Jrb
h~
[Y -
L,]
3h~
II
= Jrb2 (h _ h +
= iih'h
55.
R(y)
b + Ja:! - y2 and r(y) = b - Ja:2-
==} V
J"., if (IR(y)]2
- [r(y)f)
dy va:! - y2)2] dy
= if fa,
[(b + va:! - y:!)2 - (b -
li I'll 4b/a2
- y2 dy = 4bJr Jaa va:! - y2 dy of radius a = 4bJr .
-=
4bJr . area of semicircle
'T,;'
= 2a:!bJr2
56. (a) (b)
A cross section has radius r = V(h) = j'A(h)dh, For h=
/2Y and
area lir2 = 2JrY. The volume ~~ = 1:1~ .
so ~I~ = A(h). Therefore
'!it =
l. ~;r
A(h)
unils". sec
11" 2Jrydy = Jr [y2] ~ = 25Jr. . '!it, so '!it = Allhl . ~;.

is
I~ the area is 2Jr(4) = SJr , so <!b. = .L . ;~ SI;C unils" . - lit x-r -
.=
57,
(a)
R(y)=va2-y2
c..'C
==} V=JrJhla(a:!_~y2)dY=li[a:2y_~]ha"=li[a2h_a;l_(h~alJ_(_a;l+~)]
3
if [ a"h - 3' (hIV) ';It = tlV dh
"I
3h-a + 3ha" - <1") -
')
,,',
'..T,]
Ih Jt I
= li
h~'
a-h - l' + h-a - ha-
"
h:'
')
")
="
'h'I,"-h)
'3
(b)
Given ==}
(},2 rrr lsec and a
5 m, find
tlV . <!b. dh til
From part (a), Vth) ='

.lt
-h'115-- h)
.i
= 5lih-
,)
-h" T
_11207r
= IOlih _ lih':! ==}
e1V = til
ifh( 10 _ h) ~
=>
<!b.1
til
hc~
_1_1.2_ -liTIIO--I)
_1_ 120iT)(0)
m/sec,
58. Suppose the y-axis.
the solid is produced Cast a shadow
by revolving
y = 2 - x about to
of the solid on a plane parallel Rule. to
the xy-plane. Use an approximation estimate such as the Trapezoid t):2 6y.
f'
li[R(y)J2 dy re Elif(
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.

59. The cross section of a solid right circular cylinder h has been removed. Thus its area is A I with a cone removed
_CC
403
is a disk with radius R from which a disk of radius is a disk of
= iTR" -- ,Th2
=
IT (
iT(R" - h'') . The cross section of the hemisphere
radius viR" - h". Therefore both ,()lids are R. Applying Volume of Hemisphere
==
its area is A2 Cavalieri's
viR" - h")" we find - (Volume
= iT(R" - h"). We can see that AI = A> The altitudes of

of Cone) c:= (iTFf-') R \ 7i'(R:!) R
C7
Principle
(Volume
of Cylinder)
17i'R:l.
60. R(x)
= 1'2 ~~
=?
= 1,'," 7i'[R(x)f
=
dx
7i'E'
1~4 (36
- x") clx
I: ..
J," (36x"
- x ') dx
I~-I
[12x:1 - ~]::
== - (12. 61 -
<f) = ~l~ -- f) (12

=?
ei~~7)(()();'n)
= =
dx
iT
=\~;r
em".
The plumb bob will weigh about W
n~.5) (-'(~;;)
::::;11)2 grn, to the nearest gram.
61. Rty:
zz.
}256
I
c
- y:!
[-7
- 111-
iT[R(y)]:! dy
'iT}' 7(256
n
t:
I256)(-7)
+.~ -
((256)(-16)
Jf)]
e~
16
- y2) dy -7)
=
-
71
[256y - ~] -~
. __
\G
+ 256(16
I~:)=
=
iT
I0537i'cm
l:::::;3308 em:'
+ sin:! x ) dx
~ - -lc}. Let
62. la)
R\\)=
[c - sin x]. so V (c" - 2c sin x

I)
= 'iT L'IR(x)]"
I -c";SC')' dx =
-
7i'I,' (c -
sin xY-' dx
J:,
(c" .- 2c sin x
-;;1'•
iT [(
c:!
+ j) x + 2c cos x ·_·4c).
Sil~
f' 2 J() (c + ~ - 2c sin x - c'(l~,C') dx 2x ll~ 7i' [( c:! tt + i - 2c - ()) - (0 + 2c =

values of Vtc i:
~I~
O)
1=
iT
(c:! 7i' +
=?
V(c)=;r(c"7I+i point. and V

V( II =
71 (~
We find the extreme
= 7I(2ciT--+)
absolute
=0
c=
(.c.)
;;- --
iT(~
4)
='f -
i - ~) =
iT
(i - ~) =
j-
4; Evaluate
V at the endpoints: minimum
ViO) value
'-=
(4 - 71)71. Now we see that the function's
t and is t - 4,
~isacritical
taken on at the critical

(h)
point c
= ~. (See also the accompanying

that the function's of c for bound. without
graph.) absolute
maximum
From the discussion
in part (a) we conclude
value is ":T' taken on at
the endpoint
(c I
o.
As c moves away from without
The t:raph of the solid's volume as a function

() c ' .; I is given at the right.
III. II the volume of the solid increases If we approximate

can sec that the radius of a typical
the solid as a set of solid disks. we disk increases
bounds as c moves away from hl Volume of the solid generated x-axi-, is V \

> ->
10. II.
the region bounded by the x-axis and y
f( x ) from x == a to x c= b about the
I," iTltt x) I" dx=

+1a) = 2
hy rotating
471, and the volume of the solid generated 871. Thus
-I is V " I";;-If(x)
+ I r' dx=
Jh I( \
;,J,' III( x ) r-' r- 2f(x)

I
by rotating
the same region about the line 817'- 471
I ftx) 1") dx
cc,?-
dx
+ ~(h
>-
.r
471 =?
7Ilf(x)
+ II:! dx - Ih:TlflX)r-' dx=
(2ft x )
I) dx
cc=
c=}
F' f(
x) dx
+ ,Cdx =
f( x)
dx'---
±::,:~_j_'I
4. V()llIll1~()f the solid generated X-axis is V
.r'
by rotating
==
the region hounded
by the x-axis and y
= f(
x ) from x
a to x=
h about the
-;;In\)I.' dx
61T. and the volume of the solid generated

=
y,,= -2 is V -, .I,h
;;-1 fix) + 21" dx
1071. Thus
,(
iTlf(\)
j-
2r' dx -
I,I' :Tlflx)!"
by rotating
the same region about the line

dx = IOil6:T
Copyright
© 20 I0 Pearson
Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison- Wesley.
404
=? =?
f. ([f(x)j2 + 4f(x) If(x)dx+(b-a)

rr'l
b
.1
+ 4 -[f(x)]")
I =?
Ih f(x)elx
a
dx = 471" =?
= 1-
r
a
(4f(x)
+ 4) dx = 4
=?
Ih
a
f(x) dx + 4
r
a
dx
b+a
6.2 VOLUME USING CYLINDRICAL l. For the sketch given, a V=
SHELLS
lb 271"
=
= 0, b
= 2;
(r:,~~~s)
(h~i~l~t)
dx =
J. 271"x ( 1 +
2
~)
elx = 271"
l~ + (x
~)
dx = 271" [
% +h
] ~ = 271"
(1 +
~)
271". 3
671"
= 0, b =
t

V
Ih 2rr (
it I.:
2;
12271"X (2 - ~) 0
"+
ruuius
~h,eJl) (Ishelhl )
lelg
dx
= =
dx
271"12 (2X 0
"""4;])dx
271" [X2 - ~]
'2 0
271"(4 - 1)
671"

V=
JJ 2rr (
,.
0, d
v2;
radius
shell)
( shell)
height
dy =
JV:' 2rry
()
. (y2) ely = 271"
Jr0 y3 dy = 2rr
V2
[t]
.~
()
/2 = 271"
4.
For the sketch given, c V
0, d = ely
Jd2rr
radius
shell)
( Shell)
height
V = Jr()\71"Y'
13;
[3 _ (3 _ y2)] ely = 271"
j.v ildy
j 0
= 271"
[t]
4
()
13 =
~
'2

V
0, b elx
j.h 271"(
,I
13;
V
raJILIs
Shell)
( shell)
heigh:
= Jo '\2rrx' r
X
(V
U
'x7+I)
X'" T 1
dx:
, II
[u =
Xl
I =?
elu = 2x dx;
du
0
1
j
=?
l, X
-
13
=?
4]
1)
_, V 6.
= rr JI ul!2 r
= =
71 [~u:I/2] ] 0, b = 3;
1..'C
]
(4:J/2
1)
= (f) .
(8 -
1~7r
V = J: 2r. C~:I~~IJ dx = l'271x (J:J,\,J (h~~I~t)

h
For the sketch given, a
dx;
=?
[u= _,
x: + l)
V=
=? du =
3x2
du
dx =? 3 du =
l)x2
dx; X = 0 1271 (
u = 9, x = 3 =?
II
= 36]
2rr r'"3U-1/2
671 [2U1/2]
:;6 =
J36 - J9)
1 dx
3671"
y
7. a
=
-
n, b
V-
. ., -,
i"
2;
shell (radllls)
"71
()
,hell height
dx -
j"()- 1 rr X [ X -
-~ (2)
Copyright © 20 I 0 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison- Wesley.
Section 6.2 Volume Using Cylindrical Shells

a= 0, b
405
= 1; _ r ,., (sh,:,U) (Shell) V - J, ~7r radius height b

:::: 1l'
dx =
Jo
rl
y 27rx (2x - -") dx 2
fal 2 (3f)
dx = 7r
3x2 dx = rr [x3] ~ = 7r
a= 0, b
= 1;
y ( height ) dx = J 0 27rX [(2 - x) - x2] dx shell
V - J a ct: (sh':'ll) radius
rb')
= 21l' fal (2x

-
- X2 - X3) dx = 27r [X2 = 21l' (12-4-3)

12
f - ~]~
12 6
_ 21l'
(1 - 3 - 4 1 1)
= 1071"= 571"
= J, 2 1l' (SheU) r radius

== 41l' [,2 - 4" "2
( sheU ) height
dx =
== 21l' fa! X (2 - 2X2) dx
= 47r
(1
x']
fal (x -
Jr! 27rx [(2 - x2) - x2] dx G

X3) dx
1 0
= 41l'
1 2 - 4 ) = 7r
= Jr 2rr a
-
0, b = 1; ( radius shell
) ( shell ) height
dx =
Jr() 27rX [ VIX - (2x - I)] dx

l
1\.
- 2rr Jo r
(X3/2
2X2
+ X) dx
27r
==21l'(±
-±
3
+ 1) = 2
- 27r -
[± X5/2 5
=?.!s.
15
± X3 + 1 X2]1 0 3 2
(12-20+15) 30
v = Jr
27r (
shdl ) ( Shell) radius height
dx =
JrI 27rX (}2 x-1/2) dx

4 -
2 1.5 1 0.5
3 y=-
::: 37r ~\1/2 dx ::: 27r(8 - 1)
= 31l'
147r
[~ x3/2] :
= 27r (4312
1)
2Fx
40
. {x. xfrx) =
X
sin x,
0 < X < 7r x, x = 0
X
=}
. xf(x)
=
SIn
{ sin x, 0 < X < 7r. 0 _ 0; Since , xx, 0
SIn
= 0 we
have
f(x)
X
=
f.ba
sin
.' Sin x,
dl
x, 0
< x0- 7r <

=
(,Shelhlt) ierg
=}
xr . = x)
+(
< -
< -
7l"
2rr ( fa IUS ) Shu
dx = J() 27rX . f(x) dx and x . f(x) = sin x, 0 _ x _ r~ < <IT
by part (a)
=}
V = 27r forr sin x dx = 2rr[ - cos xlIT = 27r( - cos 7r + cos 0) = 47r Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, [nco Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
406

X, {
tan' x
14. (a) xg(x) = xg ( X ) (b) V
x O,
v
'
0
X
<
< ;;_
..
:::} xg( x) = {
tan"
X, 0
<
0,
X-
_) (
< 7r/4
; siuce tan 0
0 we have
_ { tarr' X, 0 < X < 7r/4 tan" x, x = 0

'J
:::} xg(x) = tan? x, 0 ::; x ::; ,,/4
Jb27r
a
(shiell) (hshelhlt)
rallUS elg
dx
]rr:.)27rX' ()
._ .
g(X)
dx and
X·
'--
g(x)
= tan" x , () < x < ,,/4 by part

-
(a)
=}
2"
]IIT!.) tan"
x dx = 27r
loTi.) (sec"
x - I) dx
= 2,,[tan x - x I;t= 271 (I - :f) =

y
-I" ~ ;;-'
IS. c
= 0, d = 2; V = fd27r (:hell) (shell) c radius height

= 27r (2
dy = 1227ry
0
[ Iy - (-y)]
Jo
(il/2 + y2)
dy = 27r [~ = 27r
r:]
.1
.J
dy
'2 [)
= 2rr [~ (
=
1~57f
J2):j + ~]
(Xf
+ ~) = 167r ( ~2 + ~)
(3 J2 + 5)
=
2;
radi us
16. c
0, d
c
V=
Id 27r ( shell)
(il + y2)
-l~"
( height Shell)
dy =
12 21fY [
()
y
2_
(-y)ldy
2rr112
dy = 27r [~
f] ~=
167r
(~+
= 167r (~) =
17. c=O,d=2;
V
Jd2"
c
()
(shell) radius 1)
( height Shell)
dy =
= 27r]" (2y2 - yl)

= 32rr
dy = 27r
[2~1 _ L] 2 =
,J
J0
(2 2"y (2y _ y2)dy
-l
Il
27r (~
3-1
_ ~)
U=
1;
=7;
=~
18. c·= 0, d V
y
()
, J _rr
c
d
Cadiu,)
shell
.
shell height
= 11II ) (y 2 _7ry
,_
'2 -
y) Y
27r (I y(y _ y'2) dy = 2rr (I (l-
.10
.10
il)
dy
1
19. c
0, d
c
V=
Id2rr (Shell)
radius
I;
(Shell) height
dy = 27rfl
()
y[y - (-y)jdy
27r 1:)t 2y2
dy = :±f [ill tl)= :±f
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.2 Volume Using Cylindrical

y
Shells
407
2 21. c == O. d == 2:
'y
== ,J'd -, ,_Ii
'. II
( ",dil" 'hell) + y2
( ,hell) height -
Y-
I' ,., [(,.,

II
~7ry
+)
Y-Y
~J Ly I
== 2;1 [.: (2y

zz
ill dy =
2Jr
271
(4 1- ~ -
If)
ly2
+ r;.
J
_~]:!
I~;r
()
= ~ (48 + 32
- 48) =
"
C ~~:
O. d
z-:
1:
(,hell)
r.nliux
V···· /''',271]"
.- , ,_"
(shell) height yl) dy
Y --
r' .J",.,_7ry [-, _ Y ) _ (-'
2] Y
(2y·-
i.' -:j
27r [y2 __ y"'4'
• II
'.'C
t~]
-+
(i
27T ( I ._\
I)
;c ~ = h ( I.!. -
--.'
').
= SIT ()
x
23.
la)
• ,I
Ih) V
•
/'"
.t
) f'" _ 7f(
-hc!l
ral
I') Ill.'
2ii (.ShIL"ll) r:!lIU...
()
()
,hL'11 () 1'1
ll'ft! 11
dx-
1"IWlllt dx = 1(,1~ 1
t c)
V
•
.'hIL"lI) (IShL'III)_ dx J'h 271 ( ltlllUS :1 lL'lg 11
I' I"~ -27r = l'

_,
0 • D
-7rx(3x)dx-67r
_
•
f'"
I)
C -J_I X dX--"L'Xjtl
(m
•
.1 _
(4 - x _ (3x)dx ) I (3x )dx -
.:_C
I"
f'2
II
Hx _
(XC -'y
(_.
_ x')dx ,
\ x,
,11
II
C
(I
()
2lf (Xl-
j'
(liT
If
+ x )L1x
I;y.')dy
6;;- l'h'
.'
+ h~l.'... ~ + 2) 07«
c \. \
lti)
V V
· , -" /'2ii
["
1_
,hL'11 C"dillJ
shell d·_ height Y'-,
f'"
,., ,,_7rY
-, __ .1 d .. 1(.\y) Y .- -". -- y) (2 -}y)dy
/'"
II
24) '.,. l _I. il4y

I)y.'
0'
24;,
I ,.;1 h q) I i I
iL')
C:,ll'I~'~:JC,:~:~~:t)dy = ,f27r(7 78
2 II f'"
•
2 'T( X4If)
+ 24)=
- 24)
(I
( 1+
(.4
6(hr
l
h ~'
'
f'", -" - ( r.uiiu-, 'J -, ,hL'11
( height Shell)
1- Y
.Jr",., ( Y 1- 2 )(,2 _7r

(I
_.1"
y.) dye
2 IT,f,',"
2,,12+
+ 24
= 487T
.- iJJ
_
'_).1'('
Ii
/'\_('hell)(shell)I r.idiu,
.I
_II
height
(X
--
/'''j_(,hell)(Shdl)d height .l,':" "lLliIiS

'::,T
X-
-I',., -1",., (~
() _IT.x n
(-8-
X .1)1=27TJ"(X\oo\lhh LX . II
_II
)·-[h.' t
o_,
\'i"J
fXI)d\
I)
271(16-
'f)
_71' . 271'(48_
X )(R
.3)1 X (X·12
--,-f"(14--8x ,_ -", II
c=
•
... h'
'I
[24\
- 4x2!
ix-l
1
b,XS]
X-
h'~('hL'lI)('hell)d I' It _I, '. I' .n Ill'> H~lg
-1'-,
0
16 _
'f)
~(~.I~
~7r (+'))(" X /1 _'....
,,--
X ·')1 ... ·'-[' (X ,,__ ,'
II
("If... 1- Xx _.
~\1
x' !L1x
1_
-II
L11")\ l:,
+ 4x.'
( radius
... .LX.J _ J.xS]C/) --)~(-,,., 2'.5 ....

l
If... _ 0 ,,_ \J
2.. _._ :' ..') .~U():: ~

J .
Ill) V
'
j"'-'7r
,_I
shell) ( height shell)
ly
=.J"rs,., y. _7r =
, '.
/'''27T ( radiu-, ( height dy ,hell) ,hell)

_
2:«96
\~+) =
~7;"
I'
tl
ylldy. ,
.., r\.J = _7r.J"
'd y
h.c '7
[.
~ Y,}1'1, rr
_
'_C
117'::::(
I.2X)cc
27r (8--
y') Y I 'dy
271'."f'R (8\11 J
1_
VI .1)
dv •
27< rOy.·1 1
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
408

(0 V = J'd27r (.'hell) ( height )dY = ,hell c radius
J'~27r o·
(y
+ I) yl:Jdx=
27r
Jr' (y4/.1 + i/.1)dy o
= 27r [~y7/l + J.y4/3]8 0 7.:).
= 2Tr( .1~-l+ 12) =

25.
(a)
'!~'"
= = =
Ih27r
C;I~~~IIJ(h~~~~t)dx
= 211"(8 - H + 4) - 27r( -4 (h) V
= J'I27r(2 - x) + 1 + ~) = 2;" = = =
• _-J
(x
+2
+2
- x2)dx
Iha 2iT ('~e1I) I a IUS
(h'he~t)dX erg
= 211"(4
+6 -
4) - 2iT( -2
+ ~_ ~) =
+ 2y)
= 27rJ21(4
- 3x2
+ x.1)dx =
- xl)dx
27r [4x - X3 +
iX4]:.
lx4] 4.-1
2
211"(x
2;"
I) (x
- x2)dx
211"
r
--I
(2
+ 3x
2iT [2x
+ lx2 2
(c)
,f2iT
C:I~~~J (h~;~I~t)dY
1,1211"Y( /y
- (-/y))dy
= 4iT
=
f y1/2dy
(4/y
+ ,t211"y(
/y
- (y - 2))dy
+ 2iT ~4
(yl/2 - y2
¥(I)
(d)
.f
+ 2rr(¥ -
¥ + 16)
211"(r:~:~s) h~~:\:t) ely ( - y.1/2)dy
.f
211"0 _
dy
= !If [y5/2] + I) = 7~" + 4/y
(~ + 2iT [~y5/2 - ~
i + y2] ~
- (y - 2)) dy
211"(4 - y) ( /y (y2 - y.1/2 - 6y -
- (- /y)
) dy
+ ~4
211"(4 - y) ( /y
= 4iT.f
+ 2iT ~4
+ 8)dy
~
= 4iT [h.1!2 - ~i/2]1\ = 411"(~ - ~) + 2iT(¥

26. (a) V=
+ 211"[~y3
-
¥ - 48 +¥
h5/2
3y2
+ ~y.1!2 + 8y]
+ 32)
- 2iTO - ~ - 3
+ ~+ 8)
= I(~IT
211"C:I~I~::J (h~~~~t)dX = F1211" (1- x) (4 - 3x2
x-l)dx = 211" I (x5 F
X4 + 3x3 - 3x2
4x
+ 4)dx
=
(h) V
211"[iX6
- ~xs +
~X4 - xl - 2X2 y
,(I -
+ 4x]
~I
= 211"(k -
* + ~4
=}
1- 2
+ 4)
2rr(~ + ~+ ~+
- (-
I - 2 - 4)
5~"
= Jd)iT ,l
(,hell) ('hell)el radius height
= f·l)iT y ("h,Y _ (_ V Y Y + JrI ">iT Y [ V~ J "h,))d V .

V
VfG)]dY J
=}
= 411" r y\4dy I;
=
=:
16;, 'i 16;r

I)
[yC)/4]I _
I)
kIll (4 _ u)
/3
4~ v.dl y jGdy
r
J.
[u
4I)
=}
Y =4 - u
1
du
= -dy; Y = I
=
16iT
I)
3, y
=4
5
=}
= OJ
IjJ du
U
+ 1;::. (8 J3 /3
- 1; 13)
height
= ~ (I) +
X~;r
)
-k 7J Jr· IJ
(4 IjJ _ u.1/2)du
V
U
+ 7i [liU.1!2 -lIT 1
_ ~u5/2]3
16:r
I)
X7:"
-\)
27.
(a)
V=
=
Jd211"(,hell)
~. c . ra
r:IJlus,
,hell)
ely
('iT: 5
Jo
rl27ry.
12 (ye - yt) dy = 24iT 11

.
Il
(il -
yl) dy = 2411"
[t _ ~] I
-l )
()
24iT (1 - t) ==2~" = -\ ) .0
(h)
V=
=
J·oI27r (.,hJell)
IUS
(h'hdhlt) ely = J'I() 27f(1 - y) [12(y" cig
- y')J dy
24rr
Jr
(I - y)(y"
i)
=~
dy
247fJ,1 (y:! - 2il
+ yl)
ely
= 2411"
(e)
=
-
J.d2iT
c II I.:!
( ,hell) ( ,hell) ely radius height
= Jr
dy
II
l 27f (~
)
[4- ~ +~] II)= 24iT 0 -1 + D = 2411" (:lo)

_ y) [17 (y:!-
:1)J d
'i
2411"
Jr
II
l (~)
) (y"
_ y:l) ely
"'47rl ,
24,7
I (~y:! - Ii yl 5 5
+ yl)
dy
== ~ "'47r
[__Ii_
I 'i
y;l _ 211y' Ii
+-
i:]
J= II -
">4iT (Ji _ 15
lJ. 20
+ 1) 'i
= 24" (32 - 39 60
+ (2)
~)7r 1 ....
l"
(d)
Jd2iT
IJ
( radius ( 'hell)
beight
,hell)
= .J() 27f (y + 5 [12 ('y:! - y:I)J dy = 2411"11 (y + 1.) (y2 _ y:l) {" ~) 0 5
dy
dy
I ()
= =
2411"J'1 2411"( f,
(il - yl + ~y2 - ~ yl) ,5
= 24iTli
II
(~y2
5)
+ 4 yl
_ yl) ely = 2411"
[1.. y:l + + yl _ i:]

IS _0 5
+ ~-
=2(~~
(8
+9
- 12)
= 2~; = 27r
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley,
409
v=
=
f 27r (r~I~~~s) (h~~:~t) dy

'J
= fa2
27ry
[X; - (t - ~)] = i)2 dy

14) =
327r - y) [~ 3
10
27rY(y2 - ~) dy
= 27rfa2
(y3 -
f)
dy
= 27r [ f
(b) V f27r
2
- ~]o = 27r (t - ii) = 327r (i C:~~~J dy = fa227r(2 (h~~:~t)

2 4
2
(i - k) = 327r (14) = ~
2 0
(c)
(d)
(f -~)] dy = i)2 27T(2 - y) (y2 - f) dy = 27r Jr (2l - t. _ y3 + t) dy = 27r [~ _ i'. _ t. + L] = "7T (lQ _ 11 _ lQ + ~) = ll2!: V = 1d27r ( shell) ( Shell) dy = r 27r(5 _ y) [i _ (t. _ i)] dy = r 27T(5 _ y) (y2 _ t.) dy = 27rJr (5y2 _ ~ y4 _ y3 + t.) dy = 27r [5 t. + t.] 2 = 27r (:±Q _ lQ + ~) = 87r V = .f27r C:~~~s) (h~~:J~t)dy = fa2 27r (y + V [~ - (f - ~)] dy = fa2 27r (y + V (y2 - f) dy - 2 7r r (3 - t + '8 Y - 32 Y4) d Y _ 2 7r [t. 24 + 2 7r '4 - 24 + 24 4 tt y 0 -I 24 ~ 3 10 4 24 5
2
radius
height
Jo
Jo
-I
yJ
20
24
160 _ 20
24
Jo
24
~]
160
2_ 0-
(16
64
40
160) 160
shell) Shell) (a) About x-axis: V = J c 27r ( radius ( height dy
=
-
E 27ry( JY - y)dy = 27rK (y3/2 - y2)dy

" 5 3
r
0
1
_ 2,,",[~y5/2 _ ly3]
= 2""'(~ _
"5
About y-axis: V = J a 27r ( radius ( height dx shell) Shell)

=
!) 3
=~
15
0.5
fu'
27rx(x - x2)dx
27rfa' (X2 - x3)dx
0.5
= 27T[f -~] = 7r "- - ~ 3 o

3 [
~ = 27r(~ -
D=~
=
x2 => V
=
(b) About x-axis: R(x)

.]
x and r(x)
J.b 7r[R(x)2
- r(x)2] dx
fa'7T[X2
xl]dx
= 7r(1 - ~) = ~ 3" 15
About y-axis: R(y) =
JY and r(y)
D= ~
r' ) = y => V = ,7r R(y) 2 - r(y) 2] dy = Jo 7r[Y- y-]dy
2 3] 1 = 7r[ ~ - ~ 0 = 7r(! (a) V =
[ 1"
b J. 7T[R(x)2 -
r(x)2]dx
= 7rfal[(~ + 2)2 - x2]dx
= 7rfa4 ( - ~ x2 + 2x + 4) dx = 7r[- f + x2 + 4X] ~

=
7r(-16 + 16 + 16)
b
167r
(b) V
= Jra27r
= =
(C)
fu 27TX(2 27r[x2 _
(shell) (Shell )dX radius height ~)dx

4 0
= Jr427rx(~2 0
2.1) 6
=
+ 2 - x)dx
27rfol(2X - ¥)dx
32rr 3
£]
6
27T(16 _
V = f27T
=
c:~~~s) = fa427r(4 (:e~:I~t)dx

6 4 0
x)(~ + 2 - xjdx
fa427r(4 - x)(2 - ~)dx
= 27rfo' (8
-!x + ¥)dX
27r[8X - 2x2 + ~]
=
27r(32 _ 32 +
=
2.1) 6
64rr 3
(d) V
f 7r[R(X)2 - r(x)2]dx
7rfa4 [(8 - X)2 - (6 -
~)2] dx
= tt
fu4 [(64 -
16x + x2)
=
- (36 - 6X+~)] dx = 487r
;rJ:l(~x2 -lOx
+ 28)dx
= 7r[f - .5x2 + 28X]: = 7r[16 - (5)(16) + (7)(16)]
;r(3)(16)
410
-"\I . () a

V -, -
fel, ~71'
JI
-
(Shell) radius
( Shell) height
dy -
J(') _71'y(Y - I) dY I
-
y
2
= 271' t" (y2 _ y) dy =27r[(~ =271'G
271' [~ _ ~]
i) - (* - Dl -2+ 1) = }(l4-12+3)=
(shell) radius ( Shell) height
2 I
1
~
--+----------1 2
(2 X - X2) d X _) _71' [2 - 3 2 '''] I -X
(b) V -
fh,_7r
.1
dX = dx
J I _71'X(2 - X) d X -, _71'J{'I -
{2,
27T [(4 -
(c)
V=
jh2iT
u
D(shell) radius
(11
Dl
2 x:l
(shell) height
= 21i [~3331 - ~ X2 + X (d) V
fJ21i
c
27T [C2~g) = {2 2iT (lQ _ JI 3 [(±Q 33

}l
e31)l
27T(} Ii
D =¥
JI
3
X) (2 - X) dx = 271' (2(.;Q
~ X + X2) dx
3
= 2iT
+ ~)- (lQ J 33.1
+ 1)] = 2iT (1) J

J,
1)2
= 271'
(_shdCI1) (ls~e_lhlt)
.J.IIUS
ieig
dy = ('2iT(y - I)(y - I) dy = 2iT {\y
JI'
= 2iT [(Y-;III]
-'
2 1
.L,7r
-
)' - _. (a) V a
= }''', ,_iT
(shell) radius
( shell) height
dY
2 11
(2) Jo _iTy (2 - 0) d Y Y
= 27r {l
(b)
fh 2iT (
"
J"
iJ dy
= 27r
[r.:]
-I
= 2iT (~) dx
-I
8iT
shell) rudius
=
=
l,~27rX (2 27r
[xl - ~ XG/2] ~ = 271' ( 16 - l-t)

¥)
-)
IX) dx = 27il)~(2x
= ~ (80 - 64) =
(h~~~~t)
( shell) height
- X3/2) dx
-~--------
=
(c)
2 iT (16 -
V=
_1~7T
)
2iT C;II~~~J
dx = l>iT(4
- X) (2 -
= 27r [8x - ~ X:1/2 - X"
+ ~x;'/2]
i, = 2iT (32
IX) dx = ¥ - 16 + ¥)
dy =
2iT
2iT lJ~ (8 - 4x 1/2 = ft (240 - 320+ -
2x
+ xV2)
dx =
2~~7r
192) = ft(l12)
(d)
V = f271' C:II~~~~JC,~h~l~t). dy= ll'2iT(2 ='7r (l0. __ l§.) = 32iT (4 - 3) = fu:!: 3 -I 12 .1
- y) (y2)
.f (2y2
ill
dy = 2iT
[i il
- ~] ~
-_. a-.,
"\) ( ) v -
fd)
15
-I"
it:
(Shell) radius
( shell ) height
y -- J" _7ry Y
_1
(I)
:l) d
y
Y
5
= (127r(y2
.J"
_ yl) dy = 271' [L'
_~]
1I
I = 271' (1 _1)
_1
(b)
V = fJ271'C~I:I~~IJ
=
=
r
{I
(h~~~~t)
dy
27r(1-
y)(y
- yl) dy
271'
}'I (y
1I -
_ y2 _ yl + yJ) dy
= 271' [~2 _ L' _ L' + _1 -l
i:]
5
I II
= 271' (1 _ 1 _ 1 +1)
2 3 4
= 1E (30 - 20 - 15 + 12) 60
=~
-
34.
(a)
V
=
f 21i C:I:I~~J
27ry
(h~~~;:t)
dy
= =
J"
[I _ (y _ yl)]dy
_ y2
271' (l(y
J"
+ yl)
dy=
27r - 10
[i _ L' + i:] 1
2 _3 5 ()
27r (} II;;
15
* + *) = ti (15
Copyright
+ 6)
1 Education. Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
© 2010 Pearson

(b) Use the washer method: V
411
J;
IT
[R2(y) - r2(y)] dy
=IT
(1 - ~ -
i+ ~) =
Jo
r'
7r [12 _ (y _ y3/]
dy
IT
1~5
(l05 - 35 - 15
+ 42)
~6;
J«
r'
(1 _ y2 _ y6
+ 2y4)
dy
= 7r [Y _
t _i + ~] 3 7 5
()
Use the washer method: V
J:d 7r [R2(y)
(70
d
- r2(y)] dy 2y
l' 7r [[1 -
(y - y3)]2 - 0] dy
= 7r
l'
[1 - 2 (y - y3)
+ (y - y3)2] dy
= 7r =
l' (1 + y2 + y6 + 30 +
+ 2y3
2y4) dy = 7r [Y +
t + ~ - y2 + ~ - 2t] : =
7r (1
+ ~+ ~-
1+
~- ~)
2~0
V=
2IT
i 27r C:~~~.) dy = l' 27r(l - y) (y - y3)] dy = 27r l' (1 - y) (1 - y + y3) dy l' (1 - y + y3 - Y + y2 - y4) dy = 27r l' (1 - 2y + y2 + y3 - y-1) dy = 27r [Y - y2 + t + ~ _ ~] :
(h~~;~t)
105 - 2 . 42) =
Iii;
[1 -
= 27r (1 - 1 + V=
~+ i
-D=
~ (20 =
2
15 - 12) =
2io11"
= 27r
Id l2 (2.,fi
c
27r (
Shell) ( shell )dy radius height
Jr0 27rY ( Vrgy y

0
y2) dy 2 ~] :
y3/2 - y3) dy = 27r [ = 27r

3
_ 27r
(412.( 12r _ ~)
5 4 b (shdl) radius
-
¥ y5/2 4
(4.2 4.4)
5
_
= 27r' 40 V=
- 1) = ~ (8 - 5) =
(shell) height
2~11"
4
A
Jr 27r a
dx =
5
- 2 (2.25 - 7r 5 V=
£) -2 7r (t. _ ~) =
32 32 ( Shell) height
-
Jr0 27rX ( VIX _

11".2 160
7
£) dx =
8
9
27r
J 0 (X3/2 _
;r·2 ·3 5
4
i:) dx = 27r [± X 2 _~]

8 5 5/ 4811" 5
32 0
(32 _ 20) -
;r·2 ·3 160
= y
r = l'27rX
Shell) J a 27r ( radius
dx
=27r = 27r
l'
[(2x - X2)
x] dx (X2-x3)dx
3 4
X(x-x2)dx=27rl'
4 0
[i: _ £] I = 27r (1 _ 1) =
3
2':
6
1
- x) [(2x - x2) - x] dx = 27r Jr'(l 0
V = r 27r (Shd ) (h,helhl)
Ja
ell
IUS
= 27r
Jo (X - 2X2 + X3) dx
fa
erg t
dx
= Jr'27r(l o·
o
x) (x - x2) dx
= 27r
["i -
4] ~X3 + ~
-
I 0
= 27r (~ - ~
+D
y
= ~ (6 - 8
+ 3)
=~
V=
r s. 7r [R2(X) ft)
=
r2(x)] dx = 7r
J '/'6
r'
(x-I/2
1) dx
::::7r [2XI/2 - X]~/16 = 7r [(2 - 1) - (2.
i-
fg)]
7r (1 -
1i
( Shell) height
V :::: Jba 27r ( radius shell)
= 27r
.f
d y - J, 27r y? (I -r
2
..!..) 16
dy
0.'
(y-3 -
k)
dy = 27r [-
1 y-2
= 27r
= 27r [( -
:::: 2r: (8 + 1) = 2z7: 32 16
k - k) - (- ~ -
i2)]
(i + n)
fi] :
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
412
38. (a)
V=
Jd rr [R2(y)
:fu (-2
- r2(y)] dy =
f n (? - ~)
"L _-+
1) - (X
y
dy
= tt [- 1 y-:l .1 =
(b)
L]" I 16
16
= rr [(=
V=
-6
+ 3)
lis'
1.\
_l)] Ih
2 1
2rr (r:I~I~~J (h~~~:t)
dx =
= 2rr
J I..
f.I,
(Xli2 _ x) dx = 2rr
[l
i:.
=rr
27fX (~
I!~
1) dx
+ ft)
=
X;1/2_ (} -
*-] I
-
---+--~----------~--x 1
.25
= 27f [(} - ~) - (} . ~ -
12)]
I- ~
:fu
(4·16
-'+8
-8
+ 3) =
li~T
39. (a)
Disk:
V = VI - V2 dx and V2 = i:'rr[RAX)f
=}
VI = i~lrr[RI(X)J2 a1 = -2. (b)
with RI(x)
=~
and R2(x) =
ft·
and b1
Washer:
VI
1>
V
bl = 1; a2 = O. b2 = 1 V = VI
two integrals
are required
+ V2
dx with RI(x) dx with R2(x)
([RI(X)]2 - [rl(x)]2) ([R2(X)]2 - [r2(x)f) are required 2rr

(shell) radius (
=~
=~
and rl{x)
0; a,
-2
0;
V2 = t'rr
=}
and rAx) =
ft; a2 = ()and
=
b2 = I
two integrals
(c)
Shell:
c
fd
shell) height
dy =
d27fY (
shell) height
dy where shell height preferable
y2 - (3y2 - 2)
.'
2 - 2y
l.
=0
and d = 1. Only one integral whichever method
is required.
It is. therefore
to use the shell method.
However.
you use. you will get V
rr.
'+0. (a)
Disk:
Vi =,
R:1(y) = (_y)I/4 (b)
r
=
V = VI - V2
Y:J
with RI(y)
=}
rr[R;(y)j2 dy, i = 1.2,3 and c;) V2
= I and CI = -I.
dl = I; R2(y)
/Y and
c,
0 and d2 = I;
-I.
d;l = ()
three integrals
are required
Washer:
= VI +
V, = f'rr([R;(y)]2 R2(y) (c)
- [r;(y)f)
dy, i = I. 2 with RI(y) = I. r.ty)

C2 = -I and d2 = 0
/Y, c,
0 and dl = I;
I. r2(y) = (_y)l/" V= 27f (

=}
'J.
Shell:
a
r
I
Shell) radius
( shell) height
dx =
fh
a
=}
two integrals
are required
e
2rrx (
Shell) height
dx where shell heizht
0 and b
only one integral method
is required.
It is. therefore
However.
whichever
you use. you will get V
41.
(a)
rr[R2(x)
- r2(x)] dx
I -4 -
f> [(vhs I!:±) _ :I'

SOil;;
*.
'
x2
.-
(-x I) = x2
+ x'.
preferable
to use the shell method.
x2)" - (3)2]dX
256;r 3
7fF)
[25 - x -9]
dx
rrt!
(16 - x )dx
- 7f[16x - 1x3] 3 (b) Volume of sphere
7f(64 -
7f(-64
+ I!:±) = .1
~7f(S)3 =
=}
Volume
of portion
removed
= ~.o;);:- 1* du
25t,
=
24t,
x= I
=}
42.
J
~
27f(
.. I
shell) radius
=}
shell ) height
dx
=
()
._ I'
[,~
2iTxsin(x2 du
I) dx: [u
=
-
x2
2xdx;
X=
= iT] ____, iTl"sinu
-7T[COSU]~
-rr(-I
I)
27f
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.3 Arc Lengths

v == r'2iT
[u
>
413
C~I~~~,IJh~~:~t)dy (
=}
[2iT y =0
y [ }r2
=}
y2 - (- }r2
=}
y2) ] dy
--+
4iT
1:,'y }r
;Udu
2--
y2 dy 2iT
r2 - y2
II
du = -2ydy;
r2. y = r
u = 01
-2iT
I~'
1:", ul/
du
- ±_;1:[ul/2l" 3
±_;1:r3 3
I.
Weal
jOi,a'iT[W-I(y))" tla)·
[[2)
== n (t2
::} S/(t)
f''(t);
fa 2iTxlf(a) - f(x)] dx Sea); W'tt) iT[(f-I(f(t))/ also Set) = 2iTf(t) f 2iT f xf(x) dx = [iTf(t)t2 -- iTf(t)a"] - 2iT f
- a2] dy = 0 =
a
- a2]
xt(x) dx
f/(t)
x dx -
= iTt"f'(t) + 27Ttf(t) -
iTa2f/(t)
- 2iTtf(t) = iT (t
2-
a")
f/(t)
=}
wrn
= S/(t).
Therefore,
Wet) =
set)
for allt E [a, b].
). V == iT
r
h
[22 - (sec y)2] dy
iT[4y - tan y] ~j:l
iT (
:!f - -/3)
(J
, . V== .J;I 2Tr( rat IUS (hshelhlt)dX r shiell) erg
f'2iTxe-Xldx= 0
_iTe-Xll'
-iT(el
-eO)
= iT(l-
±)
L Use washer cross sections. A washer has inner radius r = I, outer radius R = e'll, and area iT(R2 - r2) = 7T(e' - 1). The volume is V
= n (3 - In 3 -
r
o
iT(e' - I )dx
n [eX - x] I'IIJ
() ~----4-----~----~x
-1 -1 2
I) = iT(2 - In 3)
x=ln3
3 ARC LENGTHS
~ = ~ . 2 (x• I)
dv
,)
+ 2 ) I '-.
j.)
2x
(X"
::} L = ['. / I +
V
(X'2
+ 2) x2 dx
JO!
I)
d (I + X2)2 dx
V
)
r.
I)
+2 .x = f.1{) V'-I-+-_-Jx-'2-+-x-j dx
)
+ x2) dx
[x + ~]:l
•
=3+4::::!?
_
3
~_ dx -
2 ylx
-.
=}
L
=}
9 = f""V ~1 + :j x dx;. [u = I + :j x
~
=> du = ~ dx
du = dx: x = 0
=> u
=:
IOj
--+
L=
fO
=}
u = I; x
ut/2
(~
du) =
[~uJ/2l
~II
::::§(lOvTO-1)
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
414
3 _. ~ ely
= Y 2_...L, -ly-
·,
=} (~)-
=}
= =
f J (y:2 +
.\ -l 1
.r
L=
.f J
ely
= yl _
l ~
+ _1_ 16y'
y
3
+ yl
-&
dy
I~Y' y d 1
vyl
+&+~
-l~2) ~
dy
=
_L) 12
[~ _ L]:.\ = (L,7 _
1
=}
r (y2
_
.j
-l~2)
ely
=
4
_L _ 1'2
(l _ l)
-I
9-
1+ l = 9+
J -l
(~I
-l +- :11 12
= 9+
(~2)
12
= 21
6
4 +.
~ = 1 yl/2 _ 1 y~l/2 e1y:2 2

=}
r J (y
j
-ly'
L=
1:
(~)2 ely
2
= -I (y _ 2 + 1) 1 Y
+j
(y -
+ ~) ely
+ 2 + ~) ely = 1:" &
J-( jY-y-+ --jy-f ely
_.
ely
= y:l _
L-
.L ,
=}
(c!2)ely
'J
= y6_
I 16y'i
1+
=}
I Jr- VII + Y {j - 2 + I
:2
_1_. 16y"
y
2 1
dY
t" lyG + ~+ ~ dy = ,J V - Iby

I
}'2 V!(y3 + Y-i)'2

I
,..------I
dy
=f(yl+\i)dy=
=
(
[~_yx2]~
I)
-
-r--------------~---x
3
-g =
I
I 'S 32
T-
16
(16)(2)
(I :j -
I)
='
I2 -
I :j
I, X t -I
123
.12
6.
<.LI' = ~ _
,Y ~
~L
·ccc
rV
cc=
1:' V"---I-+-1-( y-I---2-,-tdy
-,L, ~y'
=}
('-jIX)"
,y
+ (yl -~ 2 + v ~
-y---I) dy
y
I)
3 2
x= -+6
y3
;:y_---3
j (yl + 2 + y--I)
~rV(y:2
_,
+ y-2)2 ely = ~r(y2 Y,
+ y-2)
-' ~
J
dy
-+---....-------....---x
1 = 1 (6
:2
== l,
[L.,' _
I] :1 =
.)
1 [( 2]__
1 -'
1) _ (~ __ l) 1
.1
= 1 (~J _ ~ + 1) :1 _ 3 :2
:2
l)
.!i
-+
'!l=Xl;:1_1x dx
'C}
,r J
.j
1;:1 =}
(cIr)-=x2!:1_1+~ dx"
'J
y 16
20 15 10
5
x:!O - ~
+ ~I~'
dx
3)("'
3x"
~
2 4 6 8
1 = [ ~ x I .. , v'
I')' Ii x-··
'J] K = I
(2
I X
., 2x I'" + x-; .. I ;.,
"'l'~
== ~ l (2 . 2 I + 2:!)~
I) 1
= ~ (3 2t-
4~ 3)
'it

8.
415
:I~ x: +:x -+
y
(! ,-\
__ . __ ... ~
,u
,',I
fV
+
''
!
·f
c·_~_ .. _.~.~~_.~
'..!
Lj
~_.L_._ '
Ihi I-~ \ ) I
x3 1 Y= ~- +x2 f.X+-3 4x+4
(I
I
x) I
II
dx
(I
XII,.
dx
1 2
.r I(
I.
(,
1.
X l~
i
I j
dx: III
LI
X ! j II
.-.•.
t
I
~ liu ~ dx: x ~ () ~~
.
.
_ I. x
.
.:!
II
(lie
.'
dll
..
[ ti'
.,
_~
3,1
(1
(9
h)
.~~
( '1 ~ i)
I
.j
9.
L
Ltll \
/'1.
;T+(~ecly-=--t) I) 2
dy-=
r·.j
sec '
dy
1t/4
X=
I Jsec
y
t -1 dt
III.
h: - I
Y
.!
.1"
\ ;
·'I.h!
I) dx -2); I
.I
/J'
j
XC
dx
;(
I 8)
/ /jJ3t4:1dt r:
2
-2
II.
I,ll
+---------~~---------+X
-1
y
~t I
Ihl
J\
Il'l
f· \i, I i (de\)
I
,I,
, dx
I
!J = ;;2
J/
I
f).
I .~
I d)
! (I
.r
Ij
xec ' \ dx
Copyright
C)
20]0 Pearson Education.
I Ill', PUblishing as Addi,un-Wesley,
416
3. I _. (a)

cj..' Jy_
=}
c= cos
=}
(cj..'dy ~ _)
= cos" Y
(b)
fl' jl
+ cos" Y dy
i.s
(c)
L:::::; 3.82
14.
(a)
= - J/_y2
L
=}
=}
= (c)
JI ..2 (I
-1/2
(~r
+
(1~-y2)
(b)
1~2y2
l.'
12V
Y
/'
dy
=1/2V
I2 /
rt: dy r=-yl
_ 2)-1/2 d
L:::::; 1.05
15.
(a)
:2y +:2 = :2 cj..'_

=}
L=
III jl
dy
=}
(cj..'_)2
dy
= (y
1)2
1)2
(b)
+ (y +
dy
(c)
L:::::; 9.29
16.
(a)
dv ~I' =
i..\
cos
X-
cos x + x
2
. Sin X =}
=}
l' j I + x
{)
dY ( d,
):.! ~
X"
.) sin-., x
(b)
sin" x dx
2.5
11 = sin:r: -
xe08X
(c)
L:::::; 4.70
i.s
O.S
17. (a)
.t!t Jx
= tan x=}(
L = f.'" jl
t!t):2 Jx
= tan" x
=
(b)
y
0.14 0.12 0.1
=}
= .J()
(c)
r:~
J(\
+ tan:'! x dx
),,;6
0
sin'! x +.)cos~ x
cosX
ox
cos x
= J"'"sec x dx ()
r=
10'
tan t dt
0.0'
0.06 0.04 0.02
L:::::; 0.55

18.
(a)
417
~=
V sec? y ~;4 -;ell
1 =:} (~)
= sec2 y - 1
(b)
J Vi + (sec- y - 1) dy = fT~/43lsecyl dy = L :>ec y dy

=:} L =
7C
x = J() Jsec2 t -I dt C'
(c) L;:::: 2.20

-1
19. (a)
Cl~ r
corresponds to
So y =
Vx from (1, 1) to (4,2).
-lx
here. so take
as ~.
Then y =
Vx + C
and since (1, 1) lies on the curve. C = O.
(b) Only one. We know the derivative of the function and the value of the function at one value of x.
20. (a) (~)
2 corresponds _1_.
to ~ here, so take
as
Then x = - ~ + C and, since (0, 1) lies on the curve, C = 1
I-x (b) Only one. We know the derivative of the function and the value of the function at one value of x.
Soy =
21. y = =
t: J0 ~ Jo
f"j4
dt =:}
V cos2x
I
4
=:} L =
J0
f"/4
V[
1+
dx =
J0
frr/4
Vi + cos2x dx =
J0
f"/4
V 2cos2x dx
rz=:«:
v'2cosxdx
= V2[sinxl~
= V2sinU)
- V2sin(O) = I
2
/ Y = (1- x2/3)3 2 =
12 < x < 4-
1 =:} ~ = :!.(ldx 2
x2/3)1/2(_fX-1/3)
= _ (I_X2/3)1/2 L - II =:}
Xlll -
V2/4
1+ [
_(I_X2/1)1/2] d
xl/l
V2/4
- ~(1)2/3 _ -2
/ 1 + LA-dx = - lil X-13 '/3

,1_ (~)~
II
~ -
V2/4
/ 1 + -'- - 1 dx = X2;3
f I fJ; = I I -'-dx
V2/4
x2j3
V2/4
-'-dx X 13
fI
V2/4
x-1/3dx = 2. [ x2/3 2
1 ] V2/4
-2
2.(1) - 2. =:} total length - 8(2.) = 6 22-4 4
y=3-2x,0:s;x:S;2=:}
~=-2=:}
L=,CJ1+(-2)2dx=fo\rsdX=
[VsX]:=2Vs.
d = /(2 - 0)2 + (3 - (_1))2 = 2Vs

Consider the circle x2 + y2 =
Y = Vr2 - x-', O:s; x:S; r =:}

=4
' 'dx fr0V,2-x2
= 4r
fr' o~
?, we will find the length of the portion in the first quadrant, and multiply our result by 4.
= V~~x2 =:} L =
4fo'
1 + [V'~~X2r dx =
4J: VI + /'~x2dx = 4fo' MdX
dx
9x2
= y(y
_ 3)2 =:}
'*
[9X2] =
'*
[y(y - 3)2] =:} 18x~ = 2y(y - 3) + (y - 3)2 = 3(y - 3)(y _ 1) =:} ~ = (y-3~~Y-I)
1)2
=:}dx = (y- 3)(y- I) dy; ds2 = dx2 + dy2 = [(y - 3)(y- I)dy] 2 + dy2 = (y- 3)'(y 6x • 6x 36x
=
4x2
r (y-
dy2 + dy2 = (y- 3)2(y 1)2 dy2 + dy2 4y(y-3)
L~
1)2
+ I] dy2 = y2- 2y+ I Hy dy2 = (y+ 1)2 dy2
y2 = 64 =:} dx [4x2 - y2] = .Q_

2 y
.Q_ dx
[64] =:} 8x - 2y~ = 0 =:} ~ = ~ =:}dy = ~dx' ds2 = dx2 + dy2 dx dx y y'
==dx2 + [:!!<.dX] = dx2 + 16x2dx2=
(I +
l2¢)dx2
y-
= y2+J6x2dx2 = 4x2_64+16x2dx2 =
y-
v:
20x dx ----yr-
64
= 1,. (5x2 - 16)dx2
v:
418
27.
J2 x =
number.
1+
(~r
=
LIt, x 2: 0 =?-
J2 =
(*
r ~~~
= ± I => Y = t'(x)=J:::
+ C where C is any real
28. (a) From the accompanying differential dy = f' (xk
figure and definition length of kth tangent
of the fin is D. xd:!.
(change along the tangent
line) we see that
V( D. Xk)2 + (dy)2
J D. Xk=?-
J( D. xk)2 + [f'(xkl)
---t- Tangent fin

I
~."c;---6.-x-l---i1 {<Xi_I)
I
I withslopc
------~--------------~-----+x
Xt_1 X
(b)
Length of curve = =
n
Ii,m:)()
k~1
t Vi +
+
n...........jo
lim00
k=1
t (length
of kth tangent fin) =
11
lim X
-.-----e.
k=1
t V( D. xk
):!
+ [f'{xk
I)
D. xkF
[f'(Xk_,)]2 D. x, =
J,h JI + [f'(x)j2
dx
29. x~+y-=I=?-y=~;P={o,:j'2':j,I}=:}L~L
111
+ /(1
'2 -:j
1)2
(/3 - -115)2 2 .. -
/(3
4)
k .e l
(Xi-xi-1l (I -
t(Yi-Yi-l)
=
1.55225
1)2 :I -- 2
(V? - T + / /3)2 T
1)2 4 + (0 - T
fi)2 ~ ~
111
30. Let (xl,yll
and (X2,Y2), with

= JI
Xl>
XI, lie on Y = mx + b, where m = - XI) =

Xl -
~~=~:, then
=
=?- L =
Jx~'VI + rn+dx
~[xl:~
+ rn2(xl
1+ (R)"(X2
- xj
V'IX,-x.')'+ry,-y,),(
(X,-XI)
)_ Xl - XI-
I(
XI
)'2
(Y2 - YI)=.
.)
32. Y = 2.'.
.1
+ X" + X + _1.- =>

4Xi-4
<!r =
dx
X" + 2x +
I __
(X
1_, -I(x+I)-
= (x
1)2 -
_1_.; 41't-11-
I
16(t t-
+
i-
[(t
1)2 I)' I)'
-I(t+
I -.J'2 dt =
1)-
JI)
I)'
16(t + 16(t+
8(t f-
I)'
+- I
dt = ('
J()
16itt
Ii' + ~(t; 161 t 1- I)
I)'
(1
dt
= ('
.10
[-lIt"I)' ) I)'
16(t I 1!4
dt X =?- u 1)1 -
=
--->
l)'+~(:
ftX+I
;'1 ~ I
dt =
2
l:
]
[(t + 1)2
[~U3
+
-
-lIt~ I)'
J dt;
[u
= t + I =?- du= Lit, t = 0 =>
U=
Lt
= X + 1]
-Ilx~l) -
[ul + ±u- du =
li _ 1 - .L = ~ _, 8 12 24
±u-
~t-I
= (t(x
1)1 -
-I1,1t-11)
0 - ±) =~(x
fz;
L(I)
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revol ution

33-38. Example CAS commands:
419
Maple: with] plots );

witht Student[ Calculus II );
witht student );
f := x -> xqrtt' l-x"2);a := -I;
b:= I: N := [2.4. 8 for n in N do
I:
i=O..n )]; I l.pts] iD. i= 1.. 11 ): scaling=constrained ):
#
(c)
xx := [seq( a+i*(b-a)/n.
pts := [seqtjx.f(x
j l.xexxj]:
L := simplify/ addt distancetptsji« T:= sprintf(,'#33(a) end do: displayt
»:
n. L ):
(b)
(Section 6.3)\nn=%3d
L=%8.St\n".
Pln] := plot( [ftx i.prs], x=a ..b. title=T
# l:
(a)
[seqt P[ n I.n=N) I. insequenceetrue, ftx), x=a ..b. output=integral
L := Arcl.engtht L = evalft L ): 33-38.
Example CAS commands: (assigned function and values for a, b. and n may vary) Clear] x. fI (a. b l = 1- I. l ]: f[x_1 = Sqrt] I - x21 pi = Plotj f[x ], [x, a. b l ]
11
Marhernatica:
= 8:
Ixn, fl xnj}, [xn, a. b. (b - a)/n l jl I N (Linel pts Ilill Sum] Sqrt] (ptslli + I. 11]- pts[[i, 111)2+ (pts[[i + I. 2\1Nllltegrate[ Sqrt] I + f[xfl.(x. a. b ] I
pts = Table] Showl ] p l.Graphics]
ptsl l i, 2\1)21. Ii. I. III
6.4 AREAS OF SURFACES OF REVOLUTION

.)
I.
(a)
ll\
J~=
sec" x
-=}
(~~)
(Ix
sec I x x dx
(b)
c> S
(c)
27r
.J"
r-
(tan x)
J I + sec!
S::::: 3.84
-_
_j_,
ii'
~ ...__ _
,I)
.. L
.•
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
420
(a)

(I]: = 2x
dx
=} =}
("r)2
dx
4x
2
dx
(b)
S=
271j"
(c)
S;::::: 53.23
."
XC
II
t4x'l
1 ••
('1) ,
xy
=}
=}
1=} y
<!:<. dl'
= - .l, yI
(b)
S = 271 ~ I I + v i'
ely
(c)
S;::::: 5.02
.)
4.
(a)
~
=}
=
S
cos y
=}
(~)
= cos" y
(b) y ely
= 2711,"(sin
y)
II
+ cos"
(c)
S;::::: 14.42
1.5
5.
(a)
Xli:!
'*
=}
yl.2
=
=
=}
y = (3-
XI!2)"
(b)
"r - ') (3 _ .lx - - _.,

(~)"
Xl!:!) (_
1 'X-Ii") '2 ~-----VI + (I - 3X-I/l)"
(I -
3x-1!'2)2
Xli:!)"
c=? (e)
= 271f(3 -
dx
S;::::: 63.37
6.
(a)
<!:<.
dy
=}
+~ V
-]/2
=}
(<!:<.)'2
dy
(1
+ y-I/'l)2
+(1 +yI2)2dx
(b)
S=27T
i'(Y+2jY)
VI
(c)
S;::::: 51.33
I.:!
16
\+
U, 12
_L____j__j_-L_-----------+ \
~.~
1)1
1.2
til ,-l~
Copyright
© 20W Pearson Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

7. tai
Ian ~'
-1-21
(:1·,' ) ,
-II
·r cr'
S.
(a
)-I. "
cr
tan~ y
Ian I
lit)
\/i+-t~O-'y~ely
1:1Il t
Lit)
\Cl'
y dy
i.,.
S
.271
,I
j"
(f" jt.!-·~·T cit)

\' I
\/1
1-
(x:2··
I) dx
.~II'v't~1 (f
dt) x dx
'i.
.)" -"
(;l'''[lll'll\
t:«. (') V/--!.j clx . :! I+

"'c
-:; f'·l
2V
5
Iormula:
\ ..
ha~c circuillfercncc=
271(2). slant height ._. ,/-1-.' t· 2:.'
."
dx '"
'[II')
f
v ,'~') .
L-'v/5 in agreement with the integral value
II).
\
II
!'Iii"
/5 in agreement
Iv ith the II1Il'!,'.r,d \ aluc
II.
:\
r'~ ,1\
. (d')'
I) 1 .~
l IX
f,
L ..
,.
t- \
I'
I
V5
') ill
c;>
Frustum surface area
.cc
.,(
r[
r,)
Sl'illi hcight
:lgrcclllenl
with the integral value
;;-(1
I-
~)/5
I ~. v,
r
+ ·t ely 1)1= '+71/5: Geometry funnul«: ;,( I

ri
c.
I) d)
~-:-v/51(-1- _ 2) - (I···
I. r,
3.
+ 3)
5-c -1-.1 -" ill agreement with
I.'.
•
"
[I
1I
\ I,
d\l
II
'1-_
l till
)
\' .Ix:
r
I)
I. \
it
[
U
I
y=9
x3
(I
du ,
)
«)
2
.2010 Pearson Education. lnc. Puhlishing as A.dilisoll-Weslcy.
C,)pyri~ht
422

y
1.94 0.87
0.75
3.75
y S -11\ /")- x V I + . ~rry ..x

2
{),o:;
1
(I-x)' -0 -, _x. - X
=?
dx d
X
-2
rrJ05
(IS
J.j
17 _
zx
2 )2x-"+1-2x+x' X
)2x-,'
2rr
I_dx = 2rrlxU)~ = 2rr

n,) .,~
-~----'_--""-x
.S
1.S
16.
~dd = x
=?
-----,L 2v'x+1
=?
(~dY) 2 x
='(
,x·
1+ I)
y
2.4 1.4
S = _r2rrVx+1
/rl-+-.j(-X~-I) dx
= 2rr_r
V(X
I)
+ ± dx
= 2rr :If
fH
+
dx +
= 2rr [~ (x + =:If
~):l/2] : =
Grl/2]
[(5
~):l/2 _ (1
~):1/2]
-ll-_------_....-
[Uf):1/2 125 - 27)
= ~ (~-~)
=
17.
dy
oj_!'_
!': ( 6
98" 6
49"
_1
= y2
=?
(oj_!'_)2 dy
=?
= yl
=?
y S = J(I 2if3 J V~+., yldy:, {) I Y
[u = I + yl
.=}
du = 4il dy
=?
=?
1 du =
y:l dy; y = 0
u=l,y=1
u=2]-+
S=,f2rrO)ul/2UdU)
= ~{UI/2du=
~ [~u:I/2]~ = ~
(J8-I)
-~--------------~x
y
18. x =
(* il/2
yl/2) ::; 0, when 1 ::; Y ::; 3. To get positive
area, we take x = =?
=}
0 yl/2
yl/2)
=?
$=_Hyl/2_y-l/2) S = - f2rr
0 yl/2
yl!2)
- yl/2)
= -2".f'
0 y:l!2 y3/2 -
V ± (y + 2 + y-l)
Y(Y";Y
-'if
t2)'
(~f
I+
=±(y_2+y-l) 2 + y-l) dy
± (y -
dy
--+--------+--x -0.67
1) (yl/2 + ),)
't 3
= -2rrfo
in)
dy =
9'
-rrf3il2 0 y -'if
dy = -rr f 1)] =
0y-'if
I) (y + l)dy
-If
JI.1.1
('(1
y2 _ ~ Y _
I) dy =
1~7T
[t -
i - y]:11 =
[(ll9 -
3) - (1 - 1 9-'
(-3 - b + ~+ I)
=-
iii -
18 - I
+ 3) =
Section 6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

19.
423
~=
-z:
v,I.)
47r
~..7
t:J5=Y
·V·l
=>
($f=.J.
dy
=> s=J,15'27f.2j4-yVI+-I_1ydY=4iTI,lj.j,/(4-y)+ldY
-4rr [~(5 - y)I/21,IJ~)/l= -
=
i\_;;: J
-,
('i
IS-,v_~) = ~
(.o/S--,VS)
Xl
[(5 -
t rl/2 - 5 /:!]
1
"'=
[0)1/2
- 5:3/2J
= Js;r./s
') = }0
=} [~e2Y +2y--
V (e' ";e') r')

~c-2Yl;~2 =}
±)
dy = 2rr
./;/1- (e'
1
0
~e ')"
...•
dy = }
r s,
ln2
(e2y + 2 + ~)]
c·2Y)dy
[Oe2In2+2In2-
~e--2In2) = rr (~ + In 2)
·4 + 2 In2 - ~ .
= } (2 -
k + 2 In 2)
(1 +0-
22. y=~(x2+2)1!2=?= 2;;-}"

• (I
dy=xjx2+2dx + 1)2 dx = 271' J()
=> ds=jl+(2x2+x1)dx
dx = 2rrl/\x: ()
=?- S=2Jr,C\jl+2x2+x1dx + x) dx = 271'[~ +
XVl(x2
rvi x (x:'> + I)
+ I dy
*]/2 () -
= 2rr (~ +~) = 4rr _
23. ds
= ==
J VI
'S lO..
yldx
2 + dy2 =
+
J (y:l - -I~"r
VI
II
(yo - ~ +
Irfyh) + I dy =
y
Vi
i + Ihly")
(yl + 20
dy
i?) 2 dy =
I] 2=
+
S
-I>')
_
dy; S = ];22rry ds = 271' f

'11T -
(i +
-I>') dy = 2rrf
iy2)
dy
2iT
x
- 1Y -l
-, J;: dv
"l-
[(~
1) _ (15 _ 1)] 8 -1.j
(21 + 1) = ~ (8 .11 + .'i) 5 X -Ill .
= ~5\;r
24. Y =
.=-,
sin x =-" ,
-c-, r-r:
Y (eldX)-
sl'n" =. x
--'0. -r-r:
S = 2~ "~,
J ..
T..
·.-.,(,.()S '-
x l V /1 ·t SI"n2 x dx
25. y = Va- -x-=} => S==
r-)~-.)
dv
-j-) LX
=
X 2
A (a- - x-)
-
'J
.)·1/2
. (-2xJ
=~
v'a~~x-
=>
-
(<lv)2 T,
u,
= -(.,' ")
"
\'
2iT}"
•
;1
ja2-
/1
+ ("~')X~..t dx = <1
271'J"
j(a2
X2)
X2
dx
2iTJ"
-:1
a dx = 271'a[x)""
= 2;;-a[a-- (--a)J
= (27Ta)(2al = 4rra2
I X
26. Y=
=~r
IX
h
,>
<1\
'.l
,=
J("
I)
=>
dx
(I )2. =.>::,
dx
'.l.
h-'
=> S =
h
I)
21T
I+ Ih M' dx = 271'}'"f¥'"
I)
IX
h
l:, h-'
I)
IX
h
11-
dx
,/fi II·'or' V
= c'h- r jh2 + r2 [~] 2 -c.
2",r
11"
jh2 + r2 (~) 2
I + (~)"
= 71'rvh2 + r2
27. The areu of the surface of one wok is S =
Jd2rrx
_ ~
.=} <I" - ~_Y -, '* (<lx):2 --I~'S_ y' \.'_-,-,\'lh--y- _. -I' ,y ,t] u---y
'" 2iTJ'7
110
dy. Now. x2 + y2 y2
162=}
"l
7 "l
16
./ _rrvl6
:.> _
V 1+1("dY-_7f
___i_1 --)
162 _ y2 ),2 )+y

:2
7./
Ih
v(l6
2_
dy
16 dy
IllI11
= 327f ·9 = 288rr ~ 904.78 crrr'. The enamel needed to cover one surface of one wok is
ee.o
V = S . 0.5
S ·0.05 ern 45.24 ern"
Soon. v= sooo·
(904.78)(0.05) ern" = 45.24 cm''. For 5000 woks. we need
= (5)(45.24)L = 226.2L =?- 226.2 liters of each color are needed.
424
'"'8. y -
Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals =

Vi
fr2 _
x2 J(r2
~ <lx:2 -
= _1
~.2x v'r2~x2
vr'~x2
~. x
(;0_)" ely
-;
= '"' ("'h _7r."

of a.
;--" =>; VII

r" x-
x r2'_:-,2
dx
= 27r.f'll
x2) + x2 dx = 2m
f,"Hldx
_-x
= 27frh. which is independent
29. y,-vR
:2 _
2 ~ ~ __
dx-
1~
:2
VR2~x2-VR2~x2
~
<1
(.~)2 -R' _~. x2,S-_7r", ~ _., dy (~)2

dy -
r. "_
R
x
y' '
"I VI+R2~x2dx x2
= 27rJ,ai-h j(R2
a
- x2) + x2 dx = 27fR f"'\lx
= 27rRh
30.
(a)
x2 + y2 = 45 S=
_22S27r J45 J45
2~
X = J452 _ y2
2 -
=?
;0_ dy
____:,L_ j-l52~y2
y2
I' V I+
.j5/~Y}
dy = 27r
J.5
=~ b
2
-22.5
J(452
y2) + y2 ely = 27f' 45225dy
J.5
= (27r)(45)(67.5) (b) 19,085 square feet
= 60757r square feet
31. (a) An equation of the tangent line segment is (see figure) y = f(mk) + f'(m,)(x When x = Xk-I we have rl = f(m,) m.),
+ f' (mk)(xk
(-
= fun.) + f'(mk)
1'2
=¥')
-
_1-
rn.)
= f(mk) - f''(rn.)
m.)
=¥' ;
ml
when x = Xkwe have = fun.) + f'(mk)(xk

f(mk)
(b)
q = (.6.Xk)2 +
=
+ f''(rn.)
=¥' ;
(r2 - rd
(.6.Xk)2 + [f'(mk)
= (.6.xkP + [f'(mk).6.xk12 (c) From geometry
=¥' ~
(-f'(m.>
=¥' )J2
I+---Ax.--~
L, = J(.6.xd2
~--~------~~
+ [f'(mk)6.xk12,
as claimed the tangent
it is a fact that the lateral surface area of the frustum obtained by revolving
line segment about the x-axis is given by .6.Sk = 7f(rl + r2 )Lk = 7r[2f(mk)] using parts (a) and (b) above. (d) S = n Ii.!nx
j (6.x,)2
+ [f'( m, ).6.Xk]2
k.e
6.Sk = n li.!nx
k~1
Thus, .6.Sk = 27ff(md 27ff(mk)
JI
+ [f'(mk)]'2 .6.x, =
Vi + [f'(mdF
(_ ~ X~Ll)== -
I,ll 27rf(x) JI
2 ~
.6.x,.
t If'(x)]:! dx
32. y
(I -
X2j:l);)/2
1 (I
- X2J:l) 1/2
+ (),
[
(1-::/
") _"
(~r
=
S = 2L127r (I - x2/:l):l!2jl
- I) dx = 47fJ)1 (I - X2/1('2
X-I.)
'-J /'
J;=20
1
dx
=
= 47f x=O
.
1 [,
( )
1-
X"I")
-i t-i
;-~/2
X~I,.l dx; u ~ u=O]
t:
= 1-
du = - ~ X -II dx=?-"
_'-
du
I
x lil dx:
5) 1~7T
u=l.x=1
...... S=47rrOlrl/2(-~du)=-67r[~u'-J!2JII=-67f(O-l)=
JI
6.5 WORK AND FLUID FORCES I. The force required to stretch the spring from its natural length of 2 rn to a length of 5 rn is F( X) byFisW= r'F(x)dx=kJ3xdx=#[xl];~=~. J()
Il "" -
kx. The work done k=400N/m
Thisworkisequaltol800J
=
cc';>
~k= _
1800~
2. (a) We find the force constant from Hooke's Law: F
kx ~
= l'
\
~. k
ol~()",o
200 Ib/in.
Copyright
© 20t 0 Pearson Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison- Wesley.
Section 6.5 Work and Fluid Forces

(b) The work done to stretch the spring 2 inches beyond its natural length is W =
•
425
2
()
J'2
()
kx dx = 20U
•
i
(J
dx
200 [~]
-
200(2 - 0) = 400 in . Ib = 33.3 ft- lb F
(c) We substitute
1600 into the equation from Hooke's law:
200x to find 1600
=
N
200x
'*
8 in.
3.
We find the force constant
F = kx. A force of 2
stretches
the spring to 0.02 m
==> k
100~.
The force of 4 N will stretch the rubber band y rn, where F
ky =>- y =
t =c"> y =
=>[
2 = k· (0.02)
=c">
I(~I~'~
0.04
111
= 4 ern. The work done to stretch the rubber band 0.04 m is W

(IO())(()()4)'
f°
o.lI.)
kx dx
= I ()O
[')()')
,"
x dx = 100
;::
,]
11.1)·(
II
0 08 J
.
-to
We find the force constant spring 5

III beyond
from Hooke's
law:
F = kx =c"> k
t =c"> k x
"-1°
==> k
I)
90 r-,:. The work done to stretch the III

•
its natural length is W =
Jil
r kx dx = 90 Jo x dx r.l
=c">
= 90 [~]
(90) (~)
= 1125 J
5 . (a) We find the spring's constant from Hooke's law: F = kx

(b) The work done to compress the assembly
~
t x
=
)"
the first half inch is W =
r: kx dx = 7238
the assembly
21.7~-+ = .21.m 8-) 3
'*
j'll)
k = 7238 !t III x dx
"
7238 [~]
•
II.;'
II
(7238)
(O~'i)'
(72JHtJ25)
W=
ill
0.)
. kx dx = 7238
fio
0.)
905 in . lb. The work done to compress
_ x dx = 7238
['¥-']
..
the second half inch is: 2714 in . Ib
L().
().5
7~;18
-
[I - (0.5)"]
= (71'X )7-)) ..',1,11.

-
6. First, we find the force constant from Hooke's law: F

compresses this far is W the scale
= kx
=c">
= ~=
i~() =
Ib
16· 150
2.40()
= ~in, he/she must weigh F
I!X [ •)
kx dx
2400
*
•
kx = 2AOO in.
0)
*.
If someone
the scale
= 300 lb. The work done to compress
"J
1/8
II
= ;-+00 = 18.75Ib· _.6-+
= ~~ft· 16
7. The force required to haul up the rope is equal to the rope's weight, which varies steadily and is proportional
length of the rope still hanging: = 780 J 8. The weight of sand decreases ground is F(x) steadily F(x)
to x, the
'ill ()
0.624x.
The work done is: W
r: s; Fix)
dx
= J!J O.624x r:
dx = 0.624 [~]
by 72 Ib over the 18ft. at 4 lb/ft, So the weight of sand when the bag is x ft off the
= I-l-l - -Ix.
The work done is: W =
.J a
F(x) dx
= J() rlK(lH
-lx)dx
= =
[144x - 2x"lii'
1944 ft· Ib
9. The force required is the position
to lift the cable is equal to the weight
of the cable paid out:
of the car off the first floor.
The work done is: W

., )
,xO
o·
F( x)
(4.5)( I gO -- x) where x
Fix) dx = 4.5
fiSt)
n
( 180 - x ) dx
= 4.5
180x -
1-
']
ISO 0
4.5
1802
18t
-+5.~80·
= 72.900
ft· lb
O. Since the force is acting toward the origin, it acts opposite

is W =
[h _ -\':1:\
to the positive
x-direction,
Thus F( x)
=--
&.
The work done
dx
f.h _ ~
a
X
dx
k [1]
X
b
a
= k (1 _ 1)
b
a
kIn -bl db
\ I.
Let r
the constant
rate of leakage.
Since the bucket
is leaking
at a constant is F
rate and the bucket is rising at a constant 0.8(:20 - x ). So:
rate,
the amount of water in the bucket is proportional
to (20 - x ), the distance
the bucket is being raised. The leakage
rate of
the water is 0.8 lb/ft raised and the weight of the water in the bucket W::::
1
o
'0
')11
0.8(20 - x) dx = 0.8 [20x -- ~] - = 160 ft· lb.

0
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
426
12. Let r
the constant rate of leakage. Since the bucket is leaking at a constant rate and the bucket is rising at a
the amount of water in the bucket is proportional to (:20 - x), the distance the bucket is being raised. The leaka the water is 2 lb/ft raised and the weight of the water in the bucket is F W
= 2(20 - x). So:
ge
12112(20 - x) dx
II
= 2 [20x - ~]
-
20
II
= 400 ft· lb.
Note that since the force in Exercise 12 is 2.5 times the force in Exercise II at each elevation, the total work is times as great. 13. We will use the coordinate system given. (a) The typical slab between the planes at y and y a volume of ~ V F
+ ~y
has
(10)(12) ~y = 120~y ft:l. The force
F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight:
62.4 ~ V = 62.4 . 120 ~y lb. The distance through
which F must act is about y ft. so the work done lifting the slab is about ~ W
= force x distance = 62.4 . 120· Y . ~y ft . lb. The work it takes to lift all
the water is approximately W ~
L ~W
II
1()
,
211
II
=L
II
10
62.4 . 120y . ~y ft . lb. This is a Riemann sum for
the function 62.4 . 120y over the interval 0 :S y :S 20. The work of pumping the tank empty is the limit of these W= 1'1162.4 . 120y dy
II
(62.4)( 120) [~]

-
(62.4)( 120)
(-I~O)
= =
(62.4)( 120)(200) = 1,497,600 ft . Ib
. . :;) . (b) The time t It ta k es to empty th e f u II tan k WIth ( Ii -h p motor IS t e ti

=?
250W f~
= I .-In.fiOO~ 250
tj·lb
= 59904 sec .
=. I 664 hr
t ~ I hr and 40 min
(c) Following all the steps of part (a). we find that the work it takes to lower the water level 10 ft is W
= .f"62.4.
120y dy
(62.4)(120) [~]
11111
= (62.4)( 120) C~())= 374,400 ft . Ib and the time is t =
25(~::
= 1497.6 sec = 0.416 hr ~ 25 min
(d) In a location where water weighs 62.26 a) W = (62.26)(24,000) b) t
f1j:
1,494,240 ft· lb.
I.-li~;~-IO
5976.96 sec ~ 1.660 hr
In a location where water weighs 62.59 a) W = (62.59)(24.000) b) t
*'
=?
t ~ I hr and 40 min
1.502,160 ft . Ib
=?
15~~;ifJ()
6008.64 sec ~ 1.669 hr
t ~ 1 hr and 40.1 min
14. We will use the coordinate system given. (a) The typical slab between the planes at y and y a volume of ~ V F
=
+ ~y
has
(20)( 12) ~y = 240 ~y ft", The force
F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight:
= 62.4 ~ V = 62.4 . 240 ~y lb. The distance through
which F must act is about y ft. so the work done lifting the slab is about ~ W
force x distance
y
~o
10
62.4 . 240 . Y . ~y ft . lb. The work it takes to lift all the water is approximately W ;::::: L
~o
liJ
~W
= L 62.4 . 240y . ~y
ft· lb. This is a Riemann sum for the function 62.4 . 240y over the interval

10 ::; Y ::; 20. The work it takes to empty the cistern is the limit of these sums: W =
427
r" JIO 62.4 . 240y dy

O
=
(b) t =
(62.4)(240) [~]
"
sec
20 10
(62.4)(240)(200 - 50) = (62.4)(240)(150)

~ ~
= 2,246,400 ft -Ib
275w,..·Ib = 2,246,400n·lb 275
8-16873' sec ~. 2 27 h ours",~ 2 h r an d 16. 1 mill '" . .
(c) Following all the steps of part (a), we find that the work it takes to empty the tank halfway is W
.f:562.4.
240y dy
(62.4)(240)
[f] :: = (62.4)(240)
-1*:
e~5- I~)
(62.4)(240)
(1~5) =
936,000 ft.
Then the time is t =
27;r.!;~
= 93g7~oO;:::; 3403.64 sec se 56.7 min
(d) In a location where water weighs 62.26 a) W = (62.26)(240)(150) b) t
2,2i~;60 = 8150.40
(62.59)(240)(150)
= 2,241,360 ft· lb. sec = 2.264 hours re 2 hr and 15.8 min 933,900
c) W = (62.26)(240) a) W b) t
(1~5) =
tt . Ib; t = 93i7~OO = 3396 sec se 0.94 hours se 56.6 min
In a location where water weighs 62.59
-1*
2,253,240 ft . lb.
2,2~~5240
8193.60 sec
2.276 hours re 2 hr and 16.56 min
c) W = (62.59)(240)
(1~5)
= 938,850 ft . Ib; t = 93~7~50;:::; 3414 sec se 0.95 hours rs 56.9 min
The slab is a disk of area rrx2 = rr
(D
2,
thickness 6.y, and height below the top of the tank (10 - y). So the work to pump The work to pump all the oil to the top of the tank is
0
the oil in this slab, 6. W, is 57(10 - y)rr(~t W
rIO = Jo
5~7r (10y2
- y3)dy
5~7r
["lS!f
- if4]10
= 11,8757r ft· Ib ;:::;37,306 ft . lb.

and since the tank is
25~7r
6. Each slab of oil is to be pumped to a height of 14 ft. So the work to pump a slab is (14 - y) (rr) (~) half full and the volume of the original cone is V
37rr2h = 37r(52) (10)

25~7r
25~7r
ft3, half the volume =

fo
ft3, and - y3) dy
with half the volume the cone is filled to a height y,
= 5~7r [!:f
'I
- if Lij500 ;:::; ft . lb. 60,042
'= 7rlJ Y :::}- = Y
15ciO ft. So W =
,y5OO
5~7r (14y2
The typical slab between the planes at y and and y
+ ~y
has a volume of ~ V
rr(radius)2(thickness)
= rr (~)
2 ~y
= rr·
100 ~y ft3. The force F required to lift the slab is equal to its weight: F = 51.2 ~ V = 51.2 . LOO7r Ib ~y
30
:::} F = 51207r ~y lb. The distance through which F must act is about (30 - y) ft. The work it takes to lift all the kerosene is approximately W ;:::; :::: 2
o
~ W = 2:::: 5120rr(30 - y) ~y ft . Ib which is a Riemann sum. The work to pump the

0
30
tank dry is the limit of these sums: W ;:::; ,238,229.48 ft ·Ib 7
= folO 5120rr(30
- y) dy
= 5120rr
[30Y _ ~]
1:° = 5120rr (9~O)
= (5120)( 4507r)
(a) Follow all the steps of Example 5 but make the substitution of 64.5 W
fo8
64}7r
=
(10 - y)y2 dy 21.57r . 83
= 64.5r83
W
= 64457r
[~
f]: =
8 0
64r
O8
3 -
¥)
* *.
for 57
=
Then, (8;3) (~ - 2)
(641")
;:::; 34,582.65
ft· Ib
(b) Exactly as done in Example 5 but change the distance through which F acts to distance re (13 - y) ft. Then
J0
577r 4
(13 _ y)y2 dy
5h 4
[~
-'
t]
4
577r (13-8 4 3
It) =
4
(577r)
-+
(8:l)
(!l _ 2) =
J
577T·8"·7 3·4
= (197r) (82)
(7)(2) ;:::; 3,482.5 ft -Ib 5
428

has a volume of about ~ V
19. The typical slab between the planes at y and y+~y
= =
The force Fry) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: Fry) approximately 6:.W ~ Tsn y (4 - y )~y approximately W ~ W = f73rry
= 73
.~ V
rr(radius)2(thickness) = rr (Jy)2 A .) Y 73rr (JY) - ~y = 73rr y ~y lb. The
distance through which Fty) must act to lift the slab to the top of the reservoir is about (4 - y) ft, so the work done is ft· lb. The work done lifting all the slabs from y = 0 tho y ft· lb. Taking the limit of these Riemann sums as n
--+ 00,
= 4 ft is
we get
L:: 73rr Yk(4 k,O
Yk)~y
(4 - y)dy = Tsn
f)~
(4y - y2)dy = Tsn
[2l-
* y:l] ~ = 73rr(32 - ¥) =
=
23~611'
ft . lb.
has a volume of about ~ V
(length)(width)(thickness)
= (2J25 = 53(2J25
6:.W ~
y2) ( 10) ~y ft3. The force F(y) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) = 53 . ~ V - y2) (10) ~y
1060J25
- y2~y lb. The distance through which F(y) must act to lift the slab to the
level of 15 rn above the top of the reservoir is about (20 - y) ft, so the work done is approximately 1060J25 -- y2(20 - y)~y
kO
approximately W ~ W
t 1060J25
ft· lb. The work done lifting all the slabs from y = -5 ft to y = 5 ft is
- y~ (20 - Yk)~y ft· lb. Taking the limit of these Riemann sums as n
--+ 00,
we get - y2dY]
lO60J25
- y2(20 - y)dy
= 1060J5 (20 - y)J25

j
- y-dy = 1060 [t520
J25 - y-dy -
J:5Y )25
To evaluate the first integral. we use we can interpret
r
=::}
20J25
- y-dy = 20 y=
t5
_5
J25 - y-dy as the area of the semicircle whose radius is 5, thll&
}25 - y-dy
= 20[~rr(5)2] = 2507l'. To evaluate the second integral let u = 25 _ y2

=::}
du = -2ydy;
j
-5
=::}
1060 [
F 20 J 25 -
y'dy -
J>
u = O. y = 5 )25
u = O. thus,y
)25
- y-dy =
-~Ja JUdu
= O. Thus,
- y2dY] = I060(250rr - 0)
= 265000rr ~ 832522 ft . lb.
has a volume of about ~ V = rr(radiusf(thickness)
if ( J25
- y2):! 6.y rrr'. The force Fry) required to lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y)
= 9800 . ~ V
= 9800rr ( }25 - y2) 26:.y = 98007l' (25 - y2) ~y N. The distance through which
6. W ~ 9800rr (25 approximately W ~
Fty) must act to lift the
slab to the level of 4 m above the top of the reservoir is about (4 - y) rn, so the work done is approximately
i)
o
.5
(4 - yJ ~y N . m. The work done lifting all the slabs from y
-5 m to y
0 m is
L:: 9800rr (25 -
y2) (4 - yJ 6.y N . m, Taking the limit of these Riemann sums. we get
22. The typical slab between the planes at y and y+6.y has a volume of about ~ V = rr(radius)2(thickness)
= rr (jloo
( 12 y)
yl)2 6.y = rr (100
-y2) ~y ft3. The force is F(y)

0:::::
5~1b. ~ V = 567l'(100
- y2) 6:.y lb. The
distance through which F(y) must act to lift the slab to the level of 2 ft above the top of the tank is about ft. so the work done is 6. W 567l'(100 10
y1) (12 - y) 6:.y Ib . ft. The work done lifting all the slabs
- y2) (12 - y) uy Ib . ft. Taking the limit of these
IJ
from y
= 0 tt to y = 10ft is approximately W ~
==
• ()
R'lemann sums. we ...__ W get
L:: 56rr (100
56rr (100 - y~) (12 - y) dy
= 567l'
"
flO (100 0
y2) (12 - y) dy
lIJ
(J
=
=
56rr
.J IJ
rill (1200
__ IOOy_ 12y2 +- il) dy

1O~1l1l -
= 56rr [1200y _ 1Il(;y' _ ~

5 - 4 +D
.I
r'.]
4
56rr (12,000 -
4·1000
+ IIiSOO) = (567l') (12-
(1000) ~ 967.611 ft -Ib.
It would cost (0.5)(967,611) = 483,H05¢
= $4838.05. Yes, you can afford to hire the firm.
Copyright © 20lO Pearson Education. Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

F
429
m ~ = mv ~
by the chain rule
=* W
.£:' mv ~ dx = m.£:'
(v~)
dx = m [~v2(x)]::
= ~m [V2(X2) - v2(xd] = ~mv§ - ~ mv], as claimed.
weight = 2 oz = 90 mph = 90 mi
ft
lb; mass = 1 min. 60 sec
w~tt
= ~ = 2;6 slugs; W = (~) (2~6 slugs) (160 ftlsec)2 ~ 50 ft . Ib
(1) 2
5280ft = 132 ft/sec: m = 0.31251b = 0.3125 slugs' 1 mr ' 32 ftlsec2 32 ' (0.3~25Ib) (132 ftlsec)2 ~ 85 . I ft· Ib 32 It/sec?
1 hr •~ • 60 min
weight = 1.6 oz = 0.1 Ib =* m = 320f~~~c2 3~0 slugs; W = = V1 = 0 mph = Ol!.. sec' W
0) C~O slugs)
m
=
(280 ft/sec)"
= 122.5 ft . lb
r
Xl'
v-
= 153 mph = 224.4 l!... 2 oz = 0.125 Ib =*

sec'
0.1251b = _L slugs' 32 ftlsec2 256 '
F(x) dx
= ~ mv~
- ~ mVI = H2~6)(224.4)2
- H2~6)(O)2
= 98.35 ft-lb.
j
..~
weight=6.50z=
~.~ Ib =* m=
(lgi(32)
slugs; W=
(!) ((lgi(32)
slugs)
(132ftlsec)2
~ 11O.6ft·lb
f
of the
We imagine
the milkshake
divided
into thin slabs by planes perpendicular the planes at y and y
to the y-axis at the points of a partition
I
oz.
interval [0,7].
The typical slab between
+ Ay
has a volume of aboutzx V = 71'(radius)2(thickness) F(y) = ~ A V
i ~
= 71'(Y +1~7.5)2 Ay in3.

The distance
The force F(y) required
to lift this slab is equal to its weight:
= ~ (Y +1~75) 2Ay
through which F(y) must act to lift this slab to the level of I inch above the top is about (8 - y) in. The work
(y +1~;·5)2 - y)Ay (8
I
.1
done lifting the slab is about A W = (~)
in . oz. The work done lifting all the slabs from y = 0 to sum. The work is the limit of these
= 7 is approximately
W=
2:.:
o
9~1~2y (
+ 17.5)2(8
- y) Ay in . oz which is a Riemann
sums as the norm of the partition
goes to zero: W =
fa7
~(y
4
17.5/(8
_ 2
- y)dy
9-f41
47r
J o·
r (2450
7
_ 26 25y _ 27y2 _ y3)dy =

9· il - 26:}5 . 72
=~
[-
t-
47r [_ 9· W
t: _ 9y3
26.25 y2
+ 2450Y]
7 0
+ 2450
. 7] ~ 91.32 in . oz
We fill the pipe and the tank. To find the work required The force required so the work done lifting the slab is about A W1= is: WI ~
to fill the tank note that radius = 10 ft, then AV = 71" 100 Ay ft3. through which F must act is y
:185
will be F = 62.4 . A V = 62.4 . 10071'Ay = 624071' Ay lb. The distance
624071" Y . Ay lb· ft. The work it takes to lift all the water into the tank the limit we end up withw,
2:.: AWl = 2:.: 624071" ~ ~

[3852
-
385
385
Y:
Ay lb· ft. Taking ft· Ib
= J1W
..
r385
624071'Y dy
624071' Yj-
2]
..
==
62i°7r
3602]
182,557,949
To find the work required Then A V = 71'. kAy integration: W2

~ ~
.160
to fill the pipe, do as above, but take the radius to be ~ in
= ~ ft.
and ft . lb.
2)
ft3 and F
= 62.4
.AV
= 6;.:7T Ay.
+
352.864
Also take different 62i~7f

[
limits of summation
(
A W 2 =* W2
= Jt0360 6~64 71'ydy =

182,557.949
']
:)60
. = (6;~7T)
3~O
352,864
The total work is W = WI
tank and the pipe is Time =
IZO ~
W2
~ 182,910.813
ft . lb. The time it takes to fill the
182'?61~t813 110,855 sec ~ 31 hr ~

135.780 (IlK)
Work =
35.780.(X10
JOOOMG
r'
dr = 1000MG
6.370.0(X)
o.370.(XXl
'4 =
r-
1000MG
[_1]
r
.lQ.~~I).()OO (d, O.U()o X (()10
.- -
==
(1000) (5.975·
1021) (6.672·
10-11)
(6 __7(\.OOO J
35.7810.000)~ 5.144
Copyright
© 2010 Pearson
Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
430
of the second electron. Then r"
32. (a) Let
e be the x-coordinate ,= j'" dp= _

,-·1 (2.L<IO:!I) If' - I)
(f! --
1)2 => W
"I
F(p)
dp
11 [23 .• 10"1 == /' - 1 J -1
(23 x IO'!)) (I -~)

.
"
11.5:< to-cD
(b) W
=
-
WI
+ W 2 where
(p
WI is the work done against the field of the first electron and W" is the work done Let f! be the x-coordinate of the third electron. Then dp WI
against the field of the second electron. and
d=
(-23
+ 1)2
=--?
.r :
j'5
2.1'I,()·'!!
II
j"'2hll); .\ 1/, -- 1)
df!
-23
10-2'1
[_l__.j ]
I' --
ri = (p _
1)2
:l
x lO-:!'J) (L_
-l
1) = ~ 2 <I
1O-2D, and W., =

-
j';
23 .• !.,O ",
= -23 W
lO-2'1
[Pit]:: = (-23 x
Ut
x 10-29) +
r,
df) = (.;23,
!O_; 1/, l 1)-
d(!
lO-2'1)
C\ - 1) =
2bll~)
",
(3 - 2)
=
X
Hx
10-29. Therefore
= WI + W2 =
(H x
IO-2!1) =
x lO-29 ~ 7.67
10-21) J
33. To find the width of the plate at a typical depth y, we first find an equation for the line of the plate's right-hand edge: y
= x - 5. If we let x denote the width of the right-hand half of the triangle at depth y, then x = 5 + Y and the total width is L(y) = 2x = 2(5 + y). The depth of the strip is (-y). The force exerted by the =
~
water against one side of the plate is therefore F
I)' w( -y)
=
. Lty) dy
f 5262.4 . (--y) . 2(5 + y)

* ·8)
dy
124.8 !,\-5y -
i")
dy
124.8 [-
i'L~ =
124.8 [( - ~ ·4+
- (- ~ ·25 + ~. 125)]
=(l24.8)C~5
1;7)
=(124.8)(1!5~234)
1684.81b
x- 3
34. An equation for the line of the plate's right-hand edge is y

Lty) = 2x
'*
y + 3. Thus the total width is
= 2(y + 3). The depth

- yjl.ry) dy= (-18-
of the strip is (2 - y). The force exerted by the water is
F = ,f)w(2 = (-124.8)
fO,62.4.
(2 - y). 2(3 + y) dy (-
= 124.8 fO,(6 - y - y2)
dy
= 124.8 [6y - ~ -
i + tJ)=
~r3
(-124.8)
¥)=
1684.81b
35. (a) The width of the strip is L(y)
4, the depth of the strip is (10 - y)=> F ''''

0
J.h W . C;~~;h) )dy F(y
= Jo 62.4(10 (3
- y)(4)dy = 24tJ.6j"(
10 - yldy
24tJ.6[IOY _~]
II ==?
.1= 24tJ.6(30-
(b) The width of the strip is L(y)

CC=
3, the depth of the strip is (10 - y)
.-I 62.4( , ()
10 - y)(3)dy
187.2 ,
[-I (10 II
y)dy
187.2 l Oy -
[']-l
¥) = 6364.8Ib -
w.
U~~;h) F( y)dy
= 59tJOAIb
z;. _
II
= 187.2(40 - 8)
36. The width of the strip is L(y)
= 2 }25 - y2, the depth

cc.=
of the strip is (6 - y) => F =

=
1;)562.4(6
- y) (2 }25 - y2)dy
124.8
j:)\6 - y) V 25 - y-dy
124.8
[L'
-j
.r
w· (
J~~;h) )dy F(y
6 }25 - y 'dy -
.r
y }25 - y2dY]
To evaluate the first integral, we use we can interpret
j.,. 6}25
()
- y-dy -2ydy;
lj ] 0-
.
'
!". }25
()
L }25
5
- y2dy as the area of a quarter circle whose radius is 5, thus the second integral let u
y-dy =
- y-dy
= 6[17T(5)2]
==? _
7;~. To evaluate
-
= 25 _ y2
=> du
-
=
.1;2
y=0
125 .1 .
==? U . -,
= 25, Y = 5
u= 0, thus Y dy
2 _1
Jo y \1'25 __ 2
(5
j,n
25
JUdu
125
.1 )
= j ()
~
j.25
Ul12
du
-- 1.
.1
[u
_. -
1 hus, L4.8
[[5 6 ) ,
'I
_5
-,
[5 Y } _5
'I
Y dy
]-
--1
I A.8 (
75,,_ 2
tJ502.7 lb.
37. Using the coordinate system of Exercise 34, we find the equation for the line of the plate's right-hand edge to be y
2x - 4
'*
X=l
and Lry)
2x
Y + 4. The depth of the strip is (1-
y).
431
(-62.4)
[('4)(4)
PI~I(>_I
+ ~!]c= e
I6)
(~62 4) (-16
(6HIII~i1_2()
- 24
+ ~~)=
IIM.K Ib
(b) F -= (-64.0) [(-4)(4)
- (11
i + ¥}c-=
Ill4_)~ IllJ4.7lb
38. Using the coordinate system given, we find an equation for

the line of [he plate's right-hand
==?
Y (ft)
x r=
4?
'1
edge to be y
-2x
+4
and Lry)
2x=
))
4 - y. The depth of the
stripis(l-y)
= 62..+
=
•
=> F=lIW(I-y)(4-y)dy
IJ
1 (y:! &
5y
.r.
4) dy
62.4
['
(62.4) (~-
+ 4) =
(62.4)
e~
))
l~ .
T· + 4y
-,
-
I
()
I~ + 24)=
162~(111=
114.4 lb
39. Using: the coordinate

of the strip is en.5
~= J,ql(2~
• (j -
system given in the accompanying
y (in)
dy
figure. we see that the total width is Lty) - y)=>

F
63 and the depth - yll.ty)

0
= 1"w(.H5
(33.5 - y). 63 dy 1
=
=
(1°;,)
-
(63)1'" 133.5 - y) dy [(33.5)(33)
x
-31.5 31.5
(in)
(i~) (63) [33.5y - ~] 1::

cc
(6i'2n
-'i']
,11411()311~nl(h7
1:!)
~111
112'\)
= 1309lb
system given ill the accompanying edge is x
.w.
Using the coordinate
Y (ft)
x(ft)
figure. we see that the right-hand

so the total width is L(y)
= JT7
2x
,= 2 V I - y:! and the depth

dy
of the strip is (~-y). The force exerted by the water is
therefore F= 62.4
'"
w· (-y).
2JT7
f'il JT7
I
d (I - y'!)
= 62.4 [~(I - yl)li:!]

.
11= 1
(62.4) (~) (I - 0)
-1.1.61h
41. la)
(62.-1.
*)n~ft)(25
~- y)(5)dy
ft2)=
124XO Ib
(b) The width of the strip is L(y)
,= 5. the depth of the strip is (X ~ V )i;'

~,
.c,j,h
•
,I
W . ( 1·1i1r ) , l l'pl 1 l
F(,..; ldv v .,
• 1/
J'\2.4(K =
f'hW'
312 (s(X
J()
- y)dy
.112[SY
_~]:i= -
II
312(40
-~)
X5XO lb
(e) The width of the strip is L(y) ;. F

.a
5, the depth of the strip is (8
y). the height of the strip is J2dy

c
(.,lri
P depth
)F(Y)dY =
312/2(
_2~) +
.J 0
(5
J262.4(8
~ y)(5h/2dy
312J2~f':i• ()
\\X
y)ely
= °77) .-1 :t __
~ (2
42. The width of the strip is L( y)= "F
••
r- (,lriP
1 .
J3 ~-y).
the depth of the strip is (6 - y) . .' .~
y). the height of the strip is};.dy ov ~~. V(:~ 1- y- dy 2y 3

>;
(kplh
)F(v)dy= '" .
2J .J 0 \2.4(6
(2J3-.
y) -~.dv ~ v' J
')
[12Y V3
~ 3i~ y2 J3 + v~]~=
Copyright
'~~p (72-
36 ~. 12 V.1 t
8/1)
I)71.U4 111
(0 2010 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-We
. ley, s
432

system is given in the text. The right-hand edge is x
43. The coordinate (a)
/y
and the total width is L(y) = 2x = 2/y.
The depth of the strip is (2 - y) so the force exerted

=
by the liquid on the gate is F = 10011 (2yl/2

(I
1,1 w(2 - yjl.ty) dy
."
j\O(2 -
y). 2
VJ
ry dy =
100 J'I (2 - y) "VJ - 6)
ry dy
- il/2)
dy = 100
[:I. y:l/2
-'
- ~ Y''i/2] 1
5 0
== 100 (~-~)
(b)
= (\(~))(20
93.331b dy for H. 160 = 100
We need to solve 160 = l)IW(H
- y). 2/y
er - ~)
=}
H = 3 ft.
44. Suppose
that h is the maximum
height.
Using the coordinate
system
given in the text, we find an equation
for the
the line of the end plate's right-hand depth of the typical horizontal
edge is y =
&x
=}
x = ~y. The total width is
strip at level y is (h - y). Then the force is F =
where F""" = 6667 lb. Hence. Fill", = w
= =
(62.4) (~)
I (~)
[h~' -~] ~ = (62.4)

j (Base)
= ~h
=}
(h - y). - ~)
~ Y dy
(62.4) (~)
(~) (~
= (62.4) (~)
0)
h: = (10.4) (~) h
Lty)
= 2x = ~y and
w(h - y)L(y) dy = Fma"
(hy - y2) dy
=}
h = .\
(D (~)
. 30, where
((;7tI) ~
9.288 ft. The volume
of water which the tank can hold is V (30) = 12h2 ~ 12(9.288)2
= ~(BasejtHeight)
Height = hand
V = (~h2)
~ 1035 ft:l.
45. The pressure pressure ,= h (W) is
at level y is p(y) p(y) dy
w.y
p = ~ J() I"
= ~ ()
r
=
=}
the average Y dy
a/2
o
b
-a/2
W.
= ~w [~] ...
(b']"="2 wb . Thi )
. IS IS
t he pressure
at Ieve I '2' w hi h IC
is the pressure
at the middle of the plate.
46. The force exerted

= w ("~,)
by the fluid is F (ab)
•0
wtdepthjt
length) dy
I"
IJ
w . y . a dy = (w . a)l"
y dy = (w . a) [~]
b 0
= (\~h)
= p . Area.
where
p is
the average
value of the pressure.
47. When the water reaches the top of the tank the force on the movable
side is
Ill,
(62.4) (2.)4-
y2) (-y)
dy
(62.4).f/4
- y:.!)1/2( -2y) the spring is F
dy = (62.4)
[~ (4 - y2rl/2]
(~2=
(62.4) (~) (4:1/2)
332.8 ft . lb. The force

=}
compressing movable 48. (a)
IOOx, so when the tank is full we have 332.8 = IOOx 5 ft to allow drainage we see that the total
=}
x ~ 3.33 ft. Therefore
the
end does not reach the required system
the tank will overflow.
Using the given coordinate width is Lty) Thus. F=

(l
y (It)
3 and the depth of the strip is (3 - y). dy
J'oJ w(3 '~y)Uy)

1
()
= .Jr\62.4)(3 0
- y). 3 dy
= (62.4)(3)1 = (62.4)(3)
(3 - y) dy ~)
(62.4)(3)
(9~
(62.4)(3)
cn
[3y _
~]:l
~ I)
x (tt)
-1.5 lb) 1.5
= 842.4 Ib
(b)
Find a new water level Y such that F, the new upper limit of integration.
= (62.4)(3).L'(y
(0.75)(842.4
631.8 lb. The new depth of the strip is (Y - y) and Y is dy
Thus. F,
l)
wt Y - yil.ty)
62.4
- y) dy
(62.4)(3)
[yy -~]
,~ = (62.4)(3)
(y2 -~)
r Jo (Y - y). 3 dy
=
(62.4)(3)
(~2).
Therefore,
Y=
-',2~~\i) =
.j6j5 ~ 2.598
ft. So, ~ Y
3 - Y ~ 3 -- 2.598 ~ 0.402 ft ~ 4.8 in
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass

6.6 MOMENTS AND CENTERS OF MASS I. Since the plate is symmetric constant, the distribution about the y-axis and its density This means that of is
433
of mass is symmetric
about the y-axis
and the center of mass lies on the y-axis.
x=
O. It remains to find
~1"
We model the distribution
mass with vertical strips. The typical strip has center of mass:
(x .Y ) = (Xl x' 1~ ,length: )

dA
4 - x", width:
dx, area:
-Z
=
drn
(4 - x2) dx, mass:
if
=
(X2~~) h (4 Xj)
dx
dm = h dA = h (4 - x2) dx. The moment of the strip about the x-axis is x') dx
& (16 - x I) dx. The moment
of the plate about
the x-axis is M,
=
I y dm
mass of the The plate's center of
Fe & (16 =
=}
[16X - ~
r2
& [( 16·2 -
*) - (-16·2
0=
1~,1.
*)]
y
,¥ (32
¥)
=12~~~.The
plate is M
J b (4 -
XC) dx
h [ 4x - ~
.) ] -'2 = 2h (8 -
Therefore
= ~t =
( 1'K")
CT)
= _if.
mass is the point
(x, y) = (0, f) .
argument To find analogous to the one in we use the dx. x plate about the x-axis is M,
2, Applying the symmetry Exercise

vertical
I, we find
x = O.
25 _;-
~~I"
strips technique. (x,
mass:
(x ,y ) =
,2) . length:
=}
The typical strip has center of 25 - x", width:
area: dA=
(25 - xC)dx, mass: dm
= h dA = h (25 - x-') dx.

(25 - Xl)" dx. The moment ofthe
The moment of the strip about the x-axis is
dm =
(25_;-")
h (25 - XC) dx Xl)" dx
-=
,f,} (25 ')
&j',
(625 - 50x"
+ x ')
dx = fr [625X -.~
x'
.r
= Jy dm
-
= 2· & (625.5
Sfi·
5:! +
f)
G. C)
= h . 625 (5 - .~ + I) = h . 625 . c= 2(') ( 5:1 -;:

3. Intersection -* x(2-
(0.
y=
The mass of the plate is M =

M 'M'
I dm = j',
y
h (25 - x') dx
h [25X _ ~]
(x,
1 h . 5!.
x
==
Therefore
I\·~I. (X)
,\.:~I.(iJ = 10.
The plate'S center of mass is the point
y) =
(f),
10).
points:
x)
x - XC =
=}
-r-X
=}
2x-
x'2 =
()
=0
0 or x
= 2. The typicall'crticai
. ,~"-' stnp h as center ot . mass: (x . y ) = = (x. -~)
((\-"ICI-'\I) x,
=
:2 '
.Iength:
(x - XC) - (-x)
2x - x'2. width:
dx,
area: dA = (2x - x'2) dx, mass: elm = h dA = h (2x·The moment of the strip about the x-axis is
x'2) dx.
dm = (-~)
b (2x - xl) dx: about the y-axis it isx dm
= X· h (2x - x:.!) dx. Thus.

_
M, =
Iy
S·
-
dm
= --
j,e
I)
(s
xc) (2x - x'') dx
= - Sf2(2x1
_ ()
Xl) dx
=-~
(2x" -
[*- ~1:2= _ . I)
S (2;;
-
- ~) .
=
=-
= - ~; M,
Ix dm I,' x . h (2x =
~ ()
x") dx
hI,'
Xi)
=
If
h [~
xi
1:, b (2.
=
M=
=
f dm
= [' h (2x I and y
XC)
dx
CO"
= bj·'(2x.II (~)
x') dx
= b [X2 =';.
~]:2
*- ~)
2:; (I - ~) -
',;r
~'
:!f;
= h (4.-~)
T'
Therefore,
x=
(T)
(:17)=
=i~'
Ctd
=-~
(x.
y) = (I,
~) is the center of mass.
Copyright
© 20 I() Pearson Education.
Inc. Publishing
as Addison- Wesley.
434
4.

Intersection
=}
points:
XC -
= -2x2=}
xc-=-Iorx=l.
.1x2
3=
°
the I, we
y in; eel
3(x-I)(x+I)=O
=}
Applying
symmetry find
(x
""V
argument analogous O. The typical vertical

_ (
to the one in Exercise

_ (
x=
""V
strip has center of mass:

-x' x , -,~-) -
,y ) -
X.
2,'
,~(X'
:!
3) \
)-
-3)
are me
length:
-2x"
- (x:! - 3) = 3 (I - x:i), width: x2)

dx, mass:
dx,
area: dA
= 3 (I -
drn = b dA = 3/1 (I - x") dx.
The moment of the strip about the x-axis is
M.
dm =
2"
1b
(_Xl
3) (I -
Xl)
dx = ~ h (Xl + 3x2
[
1 -1
x" - 3) dx = ~ b (x' + 2x2 - 3) dx; M, =

=Lb.')(1+1_1)=3b(J+IO-~5)=_326.
2 5 3 15
Jy
dm
5'
=~/1 M
-I
(xl+')Xl_))dx=~b
~
J dm
3b
rl
2':;1
, ,x_::+2x'_3x,
(I -
Xl)
dx
= 36 [x -
=}
(x, y) = (0, - ~) is the center of mass.
*J~
-
3/1 . 2
(I -
*) = 415.
Therefore,
y = ~ = - ~..i,'.~= - ~
in
cet are
y
5. The typical horizontal

(x
strip has center of mass: length: y - yl, width: dy,
me
.y) =
(Y~Y;.y),
area: dA = (y - ill dy, mass: drn = h dA = b (y -
i)
dy.
x d m = /1 (y /)
y
The moment of the strip about the y-axis is (y - il) d Y =
= =
(y - y:l):I d Y
= ~ (y2 - 2yl + /')
dy; the moment about the x-axis is
dm = ,Iy(y - yl) dy = b(y2

=
- yl) dy. Thus.M,

dy = ~ [~ -
Jy
drn = bf(y" =~
- y4) dy =,/1
[f - f]:) = 15 0 - D =
15) = lifs; M = =
Th
My
=
=:
Ix
dm
&LI (i - 2yt + l)
cr-'
+ -:
0 - ~+
~) = ~ e51~tt
(~I,I (y ~=}
y:)
ely = h [ ~ - ~] I: = /1
0 - 1) = 1· Therefore, x =
=
0
~~; = (I~~'i) (~)
= i(~'iand y =
(x. y)= (III~-;'-f5) is the center of mass.

points: y
=}
M)
m) (V
= =
6.
Intersection
=}
~-= y2
-Y
0 or y
=}
y2 - 2y
y(y - 2)
=
Y-
2. The typical
horizontal
(x ,y ) =
length: area: d A
strip has center of mass:
(a)
if y)
Y,
= (~,
y) ,
dy,
y -- (y2 - y)=
2y - y2, width:
(2y - y2) dy, mass:
drn = h dA
= /1 (2y
y2)
dy.
The moment about the y-axis is X dm = & . y:! (2y - y2) dy

=: ~
(2yl - Y I) dy: the moment about the x-axis is y drn = by (2y - y2) dy = b (2y2 - ill dy. Thus,
M,
=
•
Iy
-
dm = .fh
(2y2
-
- i)
-
dy = b
[2( - ~] ~ = s (_if - .If)

-
= II~ (4 - 3) =
±Q;
5
¥;
J
My
I)
Ix
dm
f'2,~
(J
(2yl - yl) dy c= ~ [~
1
~]:2
-
II
= ~ (8
_ 1f) = ~ (~O-=-.12) =
-)
•'
Idm
= (2b (2y _ y2) dy
-= (~ [y2 _ L,·'] 1
=}
c-= b '
(4 _ ~) = ±' 1 _l
Therefore
x=
My = (~) (.l.) M 5 4,1
= ~ and -y = 5
~ = ('!E.) (.l.) = I M -' ~tI
\3<:,
y)
== (
,L) is the center of mass.
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley,
Section 6.6 Moments

7. APPI\
11112 the
und Centers of Mass
435
-ynunctry
Ill'
ilrgulllCIl{
;llldlogou,
{o
the
()IlC
Ilsl'd 1i;ls
I d x.
in E\clci.'e centel ,)llm,,: area: .1.\

1l1(l1l1t'lll
I.
lind \
. y)
O. rile typical I,
(x. dill
cc·
/1/((/(
"{np
(\
). Icngth: cos \. width:

(~
co, x dx. Illas,:
dA
,I
eus \ til.
Till'
oj the <trip about {he x-axix is}' dill
\1.
dill
,'i
(I
c()s2)(
(1\
\I
,in.> ... ----
I I
: Ii)
'J. : \1
I dill
,\ ,f'
cox x dx
.\1
(\.
Y)
S. ,\PI1I\iI1.'" {he
ill 1-\l'I(i.".'
celill'!
synunetrv Ill'
<11)2 mei II II
Illlal()g')lI'
(t)
(lie
one
lised
I.
lilld \: t \" .)')
(I, The typical IlTtil'al

(x. _ ).
II
,11'1f' hl!.s x.
,>/11111.,,:
length:
,cc
\lidth:
area: IL\
seec,
{ill'
dx. mass: x-uxis is
elm =
dA ','~ (I ,ce:' x dx. The
IllUIII'cll{ about
,(:c' i \
d \,
(ali" .\
,\1,
I
rlk'll'[(l!l'.
'
dill
-z:
,)'dlll
til I
11<111
xl
;)
\ II \1
II
)(
,
Iii )
(\ I)
: "\I
Jdlll
, II
'),
\J
r r
,il
\
(! ,1\
I dl
I. M
I:
\i
'.I \1
( I) d\ ,1\ , 4'~
J
!:I ~
III
\1
\:
IU()
:lll<! \
'.I
'11
~~]
'..IIIt!
Ill,
!:i
'''111,,'
the pLlic i, ':
III Il'l'lriC ilhollillic'
lim'
r, lie-ll,il\ \ 111111<,lric
i-,
i
C','ll,idlll. tilt' di,ll'IhllliOIl ,,1111<1"
ii.
.rhout ;'fill (\,

r
{11J, line.
i iii,
111,';111,
Ih,11
TI:,'
1\;)I,':iI ,\')
! 1(:
('(
\Irip lid'" q·nILT"j'Il1:I\,. ) ,k

\
.
11,'.'1h:
()
\',
\\idlli:
,h.
.r: lL\
V')
('
,1\, V
() \:
)lId ..... ,....,:
dill
\1:\
('
.!x. 3
IhL'
111(l1llt'1l1
abou: I Ill'
\<1\1,
i-,
(' ( \1,\)
I dill
\1 \1
r,'
J \ dill
tI.\
1\,
,'J d,\
yJ
( I. ;)
i(h ',·1' '.

1
I)
i, Iii,'
c'l'lllc'!' \d
111"",
436

(b) Applying the symmetry argument used in Exercise I, we find that
x=
analogous
to the one
O. The typical as in part (a).
vertical strip has the same parameters Thus, M,
Jy dm
r,}
(9 - Xl) dx 180;
= 2f' 4
il -
(9 - XC) dx
= 2(96) =
M
=
I dm= I 0 ciA = h J dA
of radius 3)
b(Area of a semi-circle
as in part (a)
'*
= h ('f)
')~'\
Therefore,
y = ~~ = (18h) (l);c\)
= ~, the same
(x, y) = (0, ~)
is the center of mass. y

1
II. Since the plate is symmetric
about the x-axis and its of mass is symmetric
density is constant, the distribution about this line. This means that strip has center of mass: length:
I +1,. -
y= l+x·
y = O. The typical vertical
ex ,y ) = (x, 0),
(I;
area: dA = mass: dm
, I;x-
x,) , width:
dx.
dx,
_11-.-1
dx, = b (1,2,,)
= 6 dA
Y=--1+-x-2
The moment about the y-axis is
x dm=
=
8xC ;x.)dx
I;
= 8 (I ~\c) dx =
2b [arctan x] il
12;\'~dx. Thus, My
12:~. dx
b [In(1
+ x2)L\ =
81n2.
M
iJ~4
I dm
(x, y)
1,16 (
(1~;r4,
x,) dx =
28 (arctan I)
2:"
= ";.
Therefore,
x = ~; = :~ = 21~2 = ~!~
'*
0)
is the center of mass. about the line x
12. Since the plate is symmetric
= I and its
density is constant, the distribution that

(X
j(
of mass is symmetric
about this line and the center of mass lies on it. This means
I. The typical oert.ical strip has center of mass:
,y)=
(x, ilX-\)~12X2-'h))
(x,
),
length: (2x - XC) - (2X2 - 4x) width:

=
= -3x2 + 6x
= 3 (2x - XC),
·1
-2
dx, area: dA=
.3 (2x - x") dx. mass:
dm=
b dA
,'J
30 (2x - x ') dx. The moment about the x-uxis is ,~ ~,.) '») 1'), Y dm = :i b (x- - 2x) (2x - x : cix = - ~b (x ' - 2xf
11 = 2X2 - 4x
dx
--1 b (x
4Xl
+ 4x")
+ :± •
3 -
dx. Thus, M, =
= _2
2(J
J. •
-= _
c-=
'*
13. M
v
r3b
II
J_ 2
(I::
5
Iy drn
_I
=-
II' ~b (x 1_ 4Xl + 4x
.!
dx
= - ~b
[t - X + ~X:l] ~
I
_11 -
1(1)
21 (~ _ I
5 2 Il
r-
=.')
'I
= ._ J_ h ~
._ (h
I
..
1:\ + It)) IS
= - ~ .M
5'.
=/'
(~)=
drn
(2x - X2) dx
=
3~ [X2 -
f]
.
= 3h (4 -~) . =
4~. Therefore,
=~t'
= (-
¥)
-~
(x,
y)
(I, _.~) is the center of mass. =

JI
=
.J I
r: x (+) dx v
x
rib Xlf2
dx = .~ [X:l:2jllj
3
I
42' M
"
j'ln (
I
1lln Ixl]:U
= In4, M
.fh~
dx
= [2XL2]
~(j
6,*
x=
~t= 7 andy
V'
1 _)
(+)
V\
dx
=.~ rib
-
.J I
L dx
x
";)4
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
r
!
Section
I-t. ..\pplyillg the symmetry
()h y
:'vlUllll'!lI"
and Centers of Mass
.n7
argument
analogous
to the
11//
"Ill' ut»]
used
ill l.vcrcisc
I. we find that y
O. The typical
,Irip
ha\ center of mass: (x
.y )
·"c .
\'
)
dx, area: The moment about
1'\, ()),
width:
dA the -\
,
dx ,
c,' dx. 'v' \' dill

2/,'
I
x.
L
\1
\I \
C'; dx
\
I\,lilll
•
j" "
I
'~IXIS
1\
c-',
v-
dx
I \
j'd1l1= j'" C';

•
dx
_c
I' lim
!'
,\
I)
'I;l
II
thcretorc.
Also,
:I
15, \1
n, • I
r' (~~)
x
I
I-Yd1l1
(x C)
.r
(~7)
dx
•
,,'.
f ,~ J:'~
\\"
(,.~) dx
dx=
y
2
i ~'c 2 [( ._ ~)-
I,\
I )1
=2(
f' x dill
\ -
j':
I
t)
x2 I:
dx
1\. \i
X•
h . ( ,~) d x
/" x ( x C) (~) ~) ~ and

1'(
d, .;ce 2 c
,
j"
x dx
c~
rL "-i]l -
x
C
1
._ I
2 I) ) S()
2 (2
\ \1,
--I-
3; M
,I'dm
j'"
I' ( "7,) dx
\
j'
XC ('
I '\
dx
( ':'"
_,1_,)
is the center
of
IIl;!SS,
16, \V,' lise the \1

I
rl ica! strip approach:
.r' (
/,ydm
x : _.\
x')
,f'" \'
dx
(,\--·,")·bdx
1) •
12, dx
I. ,
hJ,'! x;
h (I,. i,
,!
6l'[
I.
~~- J
I)
I)
I,
~
,
\1 ,~: \1
"
rr
Ix
Xi)
.,'
dx
II
.J "
"
(x"
x; I . I 2x dx
12.1.','
x'
I I) ,
1_'
I"
I
I' ('I
-I
dm
-I
I' (~
\1 \I
1 and y
V
Ii
12
I. 'II)
(,~ .. ~) is the center
or mass,
•
17,
Ill!
We lise the shell method:
, [,I\. I()"
• I
"
I
),-x
--"
I I)
, I
I i1:,
I"
dx
~'C
1671 \ ,'--I
.
I,
'l"
,,'-,
I
I
16;,
(i . :-s
that
.
"
dx
IS
,II X)
Since
Illass
the plate i,s symmetric i"YlIlJlletric
about
the x-ax is and il'; density
I i';1
function
h'IIIl':ti\lrip
"I' \
\1.
~\1
So \,
.r :\ dill
\ I,
.ihou! the x-ax is. This

•
Idm
\1
i:
I()
('
[ \j~
( )J
)
JJ
i"
means
.
(' d,
{\
I
()
We lise tile
, dx
'
. b dx
I~,O)
:-s,r(
till' center
(I
I d,
.\
-,
Ix. Y)
\lJ'
r
I
' '.
x
the di,lnhulioll 01ih .ippro.uh t,) ,'inc! ,,(-:

;1i()lle. :--:
:\
d\
S
i~\
i
S(.2·
2)
? )I
S.
Ih:
,1\
)\
jI
XI
Illil,'S.
Copyright
(i) 2UIO Pearson Education.
Inc, Puhlixhinu
a,
,\ddJ;tlll
\V
438
(c)
18. (a) We use the disk method: y=

= 7i[-1
f
.
7iR"(x) dx =
J,ol 1f (1s)
dx = 41f
J,\-2 dx = 41f [=
~] .~ = 41f
[~l -
(-1)]
+41 =
371
(b) We model the distribution of mass with vertical strips: M,

=2
JI
f\-:1,2 dx
.1.,
[lQ .1
[:f] I ,= 2[-1 - (-2)] = 2; M, = [x dm = JI' .l. dx = 2 JIf\1/2 dx = 2 [2<'12] f4X VX ~] = Iii; M = Idm = I'ol~. b dx = 2J'4;x dx = 2 Jr\-1/2 dx = 2 [2XI/2] 4 = 2(4 - 2) = 4. So
=2
1 ..
IY'
1
dm
J,4 ~ . (D . {j dx = J,4 ~ . IX dx
(j
3 4 1
•1X
-x -- :\1, - :\1 _ (c)
(\~) _ 7, -1- -1
-- Man d Y -- M, -
2::j -
1 ~
--7
(-x -y) " -
(7 _l'
1)'1' '2 s"the "enter of' mass ...
t
o
'f_Jl~,
\ ~
I i'h:.:" /
H'
~
19. The mass of a horizontal strip is dm =
s dA = bL dy, where
L is the width of the triangle at a distance of y above

h~y
its base on the x-axis as shown in the figure in the text. Also, by similar triangles we have ~ =
=}
= ~ (h
- y). Thus, M,
Iy dm = ,(' by (~)
=
"hh'
= oj> (II_' _ h 2.1

=
i{) = Ilbh
=
'\~h.
(1, _ 1) _ 1 So
11
M=
(h - y) dy
= ¥,' f(hy
- y2) dy = ~
dm
= .Jr b (r,) Il h
(h _ y) dy = tt.:> (h h 0\
1h
[hf - f]~)
<!l>
y) dy =
h"
[hy _ ~]
¥,'
(h2 - ~)
= ~ = ("hoh')
("~h)
= ~ =? the center of mass lies above the base of the
triangle one-third of the way toward the opposite vertex. Similarly the other two sides of the triangle can be placed on the x-axis and the same results will occur. Therefore the centroid does lie at the intersection of the medians, as claimed.
20. From the symmetry about the y-axis it follows that X = O.
It also follows that the line through the points (0,0) and
m :3) is it median
=?
= + (3 -
0)
=?
ex, y) =
(0, 1).

21. From the symmetry about the line x
= y it follows
that
x- ::= y. It also follows that the line through the points (0,0) and (!, 1) is a median '* y = x- = ~. (! - 0) = ~ '* (x, y) = O,~) .
22. From the symmetry about the line x = y it follows that
.r-.
(0,0) ..,
439
",-
(1,0)
x- = y. It also follows that the line through the point (0, 0) and (~, ~) is a median '* y = x = ~(~- 0) = ~a
(o,a)~
'*
(X-,Y) = (~,~).
(0,0) .....
(a,O)
......
The point of intersection of the median from the vertex (0, b) to the opposite side has coordinates (0, ~)
(O,b)
'* y = (b --)_(a '* (x,y -
0)· ~ = ~and
b) 3' 3
x = (~ -
0) . ~ = ~ (0, 0)
'___~_",;:..l!Io.
(a,O)
24. From the symmetry about the line x
= ~ it follows
that
x- =
~. It also follows that the line through the points
(~,b)
(~, 0) and (~, b) is a median
'*
'*
y = ~(b - 0) = ~
(x,Y) = (~,~).
(o.o)~(a.Ol
XI/2
y=
'*
dy =
! X-
I/2
dx
Mx
Vx J I + ix dx = 15 J:\/~ dx = ¥ [(x + !)3/2]: = ¥ [(2 + D 0)3/2] = ¥ [ (*)3/2 _ 0)3/2] = ¥ (¥ _ k) =

=
'*
ds = V(dx)2 + (dy)? = VI +
ix dx ;
1
15.f
32 /
L-------~----__~ __ x
1
I~b
y y = x'
x3 dx
'*
=
dy = 3x2 dx V(dX)2 + (3x2 dx)2 x3. v/1 +9x4 dx: ,
'*
=
Vi + 9x4 dx;
+------_---1
Mx =
151' 0
[u = 1+ 9Xl
'*
'*
du
=
I
36x:1 dx
= 1, x
'* u =
Mx
=
'* ~ du = x
10]
I -
dx;
1
-+
Mx =
15J, 36 rlO.l.
U1/2
du -
jj_ [~U3/2jlO 36 3
jj_ 54
(103/2
I)
27. From Example 4 we have
= a';" ; My = =
.r
furr a(a sin O)(k

=
y=
sin 0) dO
= a2k 1)" sin2 0 dO =
a~k
fu"
(l - cos 20) dO
a(a cos O)(k sin 0) dO
2ak. Therefore,
x = !>j
= 0 and
a2k
=
(a
furr sin 0 cos 0 dO =

2 ;,,)
a~k[sin-' OJ~ = 0; M
(0,
J:"
a~k
[0 -
sin/o
j~
ak sin 0 dO
= ak[ -
cos OJ;
(2~k) = ';f
'*
';f)
is the center of mass.
440
28. M,

CC=
= J'c (ac sin Ii) (\ + k [cos iii) dli

Il
Jy lim = .L (a sin Ii)

0)( \
• b . a dli
c= a2
r: J(] (sin
a2 r-,(sin
+ k cos
0)
dli
~
-a
-+__x
a
0)( \ -
k cos Ii) dli
= a21,C2 sin H dli + a2k.Jo sin 0 cos

C2 =a2[-cos()J;~/'2 + a:!k['in:H]~n \) ...
f)
dB +
L-,sin
B dB - a k r-2sin
2
B cos B dB
+ a2[-cos(i1~!,) '/..... - a2k['i'~)'H];r, IT/,2

-( -\)-
=
M,.
=
a2[0 __(-1)1 +_ a2k
U _ 0)
0)
+ al[
01 - a2k (0 - ~) = a +
a~k
+ a" +
a~k
= 2a + a k = a (2 + k);
J X dm
J ()
= 0)(
fC . J(l (a cos I + k cos
0) . b . a dO =
a21,C2 (cos
dB + a2
I:2
fC C J() (a cos B) (\ + k [cos (1) dB

(cos 0)( I - k cos 0) dO
= a2 I" 'cos Ii dO + a2k .}':. (I +C~" 28) dB +
....
alJ'IT
::/2
cos 0 d8 - a2kJ"
7["12
(I + cos
}.
28)
dO
II
_ '12[ in '--' S
01,,·'2 +
()
a'k :2
[0 + 'in2H] n' + a'2[sin 01'" ;T/2 :2 -rr/2:2
a'k
[0 + sin 2H]-rr -rr/2 2

a~k
=a2(1-0)+
M
a~k
[(j
J" b . a df) = a J(l ( fC

II
-0)
-(0+0)]
+a2(O-I)-
[CIf+O)0) d8 +
(i
+0)]
7l"1~
=a
a';-rr
_a
2 a1!-rr
=0;
1 + k Icos Ijl) d8
= a J() fT\
+k)
+ k cos
af".
(I - k cos 0) dB
=aliJ+ksinOI~/2
=
+a[0-ksin()r~'2
= a[(j
-OJ
+a[(7f+O)-
(} -k)]
+ ak + a (~ + k)=
a7r + 2ak = a( If + 2k). So X = ~ = 0 and
y=
= ~:~\\-2~))=
a;2~+2~)
-=} (0. 2Y. f(x)
~~" Sk') is the center of mass.

xl' x1 6, g(x) 6
=0
'* x
=
2-
x2, f(x)
g(x)-=} x + 6 = x b
-=} x
3, x =-2;
=1
M = r .l(x
= (~
+ 6) - x2]dx=
[~x2 + 6x - *XT~2
I ~5
'
+
[1.\
18 1
l}) - (2 - 12 + ~) =
+ 6) - \2]dx
X
_
= 12~!hr/[(\
h
=
..
I~) .fJx
+ 6x - x']dx
--'- 125 .1X
+ 3x -~x_2
4]:1
_ 125';1 77 I ._ .!2...(" + _ _~)-l _ .!2__1_.:i 125\.1

= :=?
+ 12-4)
--L·2' -y-
__I_
125/6
.J
3 1 ((
_22
X +6)~
,-
( X2)" d x- -
'].J3
_l_
X 125_2 [2+
12 X +36-x]dx
li5[*X'+6x2+36x-*x5j'I.:;=
li5(9+54+1()8-2~3)-li5(-~+24-72+¥)=4
(i,
4)
is the center of mass.
2 30. f(x) = 2, g(x) = x2(x + I l, I(x ) = g(x) -=} 2 = x (x + I)

:=?
x' + \.:; - 2
= () -=} x =
I: h
=
2 .fl .J () [2 - x' - x ] dx = [1X _ lx-l _ lx-I] 1_= (7 _ 1 _ 1) _ () =- Jl -' -l ,0' ~ -l 1 12
= J() - x.:;(x + 1)1 dx fll2

)_ 171'-.
.
_ ,X_
()
,I x[~
5
7 _.:;
x (x+
1 0
'_ 12 I)]dx - -17
_ TI x -:iIx - 12[.:;
=
1 - -~x'\1
..
[I [2x()
x -l:1 -x
[dx
5
11(1 _ ~ _ 1) _ 17 ) -l
(!..lr 4\ 17'
()=~:
_
x)
-y = _1_, I 7! I':;.
1 II -__ ic_ (,_ 17 '+
[>i 1 (22 _
II .:;
(x2(x + 1))2]dX = !!..JI[4 17 II

6YX. 595
- xc, - 2x
x-l]dx
0
_ 7'x7 _ )_ h L 1X\
1X5]
1 _ 1 _ 1) _ () 7 3 5 -
-=} (.n i6'
6<JX)" 595
IS t h e center
f mass.. .
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
441
4 3 2 1 1 2
(~, ~) is the center of mass.
) == 2 + sin x, g(x) = 0, x = 0, x = 27T; 8 = 1; == J:271"[2+ sin xjdx = [2x - cosx]~Jr

(47T - 1) - (0 - I) = 47T 271" 1 0 x[2+sinx-O]dx=;}:;Jo + ;}:;J:2Jrxsinxdx
x=t; = ;}:;J:271" 2xdx

= =
== ;}:;(47T2)
-
(271" [2x+xsinx]dx
I 1. 4iT [~]271"+ 4iT [ sm x - x cos x ]271" r0 0
0 + ;}:;(O- 27T) - 0 = 271"2- y = ;}:; 1;
1)2;r 4[(2
+ sin X)2 - (0/] dx = t"J:27r[4 + 4 sinx + sirr'xldx

cos2x
2
1..1271"[4 + 4sin xjdx + 1.. 1271" sirr'xldx = 1..12"[4 [ 871"0 871"0 871"()
+ 4 sin xjdx + 1.. (27r [I 871' () J [u = 2x

=?
J dx
u = 0, x = 27T
=?
== i;[4x - 4cosx + ]~71" I~JrJ:271"dX '~71'L27l' + cos2xdx

I I [X 0 _, Sir [4 X - 4' cos x ]271" 1671"]27r 0+
32n-
du = 2dx, x =
o:::}
u = 47T]
d u - s;r [4 x - 4 cos x ]2". + 167l'X () - 327l'sm ujo I []27l' I [si ·47l' -I 0 1, == t,,(87T - 4) - t,,(0 - 4) + 1~7l'(27T) 0 - 0 = ~ =? (2"2is the center of mass.
U
I 1 0" cos
n
y
Consider the curve as an infinite number of line segments joined together. the length of a particular M= segment is ds =
,
J 8 ds.
J
,
From the derivation
of arc length we have that
(dX)2 + (dy)":
This implies that M, = and

= M.c
/vi
J 8y ds, My = J 8x ds and
y ds . length
If 8 is constant
then
x=
/vi.
1/ xus ds
I x uS length
= IJyds ds
Applying the symmetry has center of mass:

=:
argument (x,
analogous
a ~ ~)
to the one used in Exercise length: a - ~, width: +
I, we find that
x = O. The typical vertical strip

dx, mass: dm = 8 dA
~~' )
ex ,y ) =
-Y
dx, area: dA = (a - ~)
8 (a 6 .2
f)
P
dx. Thus, Mx =
x'
Jy
dm =
80 2 P
f2V:_ ~ (a
·2vpa -
f)
P 2
(a -
"'Pl\pa
?) 8 dx = J2v.~ ..(a
-2~
P 16
dx = 2a 8
.£_
'J ]
- '2 [ a x -
8OP'- -lypa ]
80
.) IP;;
<5 [ 2 = 2 . '2 a x -
,,-v ] ,
()
Ira
= b 2a
vPa 4p
~ l>p ">a-ylpa 80 2 P
= za [,
I ~P'2/pa
') 2 .
vPa (1 -
80)
vPa (80 )
80-16 8abV pa
= 2a2,8
vPa (§:!)
P"
8a2o;Pa = __ p
5_2v
M=
J dm
= 0_
f2/P" ( a-£. .')

pa
dx = 0 ax -
" +] 'vP"
= 2 . 0 [ ax /vi
12p
'Vip"
= 28 (2a Vfn;;"pa 2:Jpa;Pa) 12p = ~a, as claimed.

S
= 4ab
fn;;"pa (I V p'"
_±.) = 4a8 Vfn;;"pa 12 = 8ab;Pa (12-4) 12 P'" 3'
So -y = ~
= (8a 6#)
5
(~)
The centroid of the square is located at (2,2).
The volume is V = (27T) (y) (A) (where
(2iT)(2)(8) = 327T and the surface area is
= (271) (y) (L) = (27T)(2)
(4VS)
= 32V27T
J8 is the length
of a side).
Copyright
Inc. Publishing
as Addison-Wesley.
442

y 6
36. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of the triangle is (1,,3)

=?
Y = 2x is an equation of the median
=?
the line
= 2x contains the centroid. The point (~,:3) is

units from the origin sol ves the equation
=? =?
'~5
centroid
the x-coordinate of the (x -
D~+ ~2x -- 3 f!
=~
= I since the centroid must lie inside the triangle
=?
=
=?
':i~
(x1
3x +
(x -
D+
(4x~ - 12x + 9)
=?
5x:2- 15x + 9 x2
-
= -I
2)(x - I) = 0
=?
3x + 2 =
'l = 2. By the
Theorem of Pappus, the volume is V = (distance traveled by the cenrroid uarea of the region)
2r. (5 - x) [~ (3 )(6)]
= (2iT)(4)~9)
= 721T
=?
37. The centroid is located at (2,0)
= (h) (xl (A) = (2rr)(2)(1T) = 4r."

y (h.r)
3~. We create the cone by revolving the triangle with vertices ~O,0), (h,
r)
and (h, 0) about the x-axis (see the accompanying
figure). Thus, the cone has height h and base radius r. By Theorem of Pappus, the lateral surface area swept out by the hypotenuse L is given by S
= 21T'lL = 21T(!i)
1Tr r2 + h2. To calculate the volume we need the position

h
Jh~ + r"
of the centroid of the triangle. From the diagram we see that the centroid lies on the line y
= it; x. The x-coordinate of the centroid solves the equation

<J
j(X -
h)2 +
(:ITi x - !i)
1 Jh2+!:"'
3
=?
(~h"r-)x2_.(4h2_:1:_{)x+C+2Ir'+4h')=0 4h' ell .j

=?
=?
x=~or:!i:J
3
=?
x=~ .1 ' since .
the centroid must
inside the triangle 39. S

~=
'l
= it; x = ~.
By the Theorem of Pappus, V
[21T (~)]
(~ hr)
= ~ 1Tr2h.
27f'j L
-=?
4iTa:.'== (21T'jl (1Ta) =? y
= ~, and by symmetry x = 0
41. V 42. V 43. V
2T1yA
=?
7mb" = \2Ky)
(C~b)
=?
Y= ~
and by symmetry 4)
x=0
= 27rpA
=?
[h (a + :t;)] ('~") = ;;a>(\,
(0, ~) to y
= 21T{J A = (27r)(area of the region) . (distance from the centroid to the line y = x - a). We must find the distance from = x -- a. The line containing the centroid and perpendicular to y = x - a has slope -1 and contains the point (0, fi) . This line is y = - x + fi. The intersection of y = x - a and y = - x + ~ is the point (4a ~;,ac,4a6;'a;<). Thus,
the distance from the centroid to the line y = x - a is
VI(
4,,·,
0"
~\a,,):! +
(~ _ ~ +
.1" 6"
3".,,):.;
6"
= V214a+3,,;;1
6"
44. The line perpendicular to y =
X-
a and passing through the centroid (0. ~) has equation y
= - x + ~. The'
ntc'r<:t~ctll01l
of the two perpendicular lines occurs when x - a centroid

to
the line y
x - a is
-"
J (2" ~ "" -
=-
x+ ~
=,">
= 2"2';/'
=?
Y = 2a2~',."'" Thus the distance from the by the Theorem of Pappus the
0) ~ +
(2a; iTa- ~) 2 = "~;;~). Therefore,
surface area is S = 2T1["12~~11 (1Ta)= j27fu2(2

\;
+ 1T).
Chapter 6 Practice Exercises

If we revolve the region about the y-axis: r = a, h = b =:> A = !ab, V:::::
~iT a2b ~IT
443
= b, h = a =:> A = 1ab, V = t'iT b2a, and p = y. By the Theorem of Pappus: tIT b2a ::::: 'iT y (!ab) =:> y ::::: =:> (j, ~)is the center of mass. 2 ~ =
2IT
a2b, and p =
x. By the
Theorem of Pappus:
X (1ab) =:>
x :::::j;
If we revolve the region about the x-axis: r
Let 0(0, 0), pea, c), and Q(a, b) be the vertices of the given triangle. If we revolve the region about the x-axis: Let R be the point R( a, 0). The volume is given by the volume of the outer cone, radius cone, radius ::::: Q R
e-
RP ::::: , minus the volume of the inner c
= ~IT a - ~IT = ~IT the area is given by the area of triangle OPR minus area of triangle OQR, A = ~ac - ~ab = ~a(c - b), and p = y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 1'iT a(c2 - b2)
b, thus V
c2
b2 a
a( c2 -
b2),
= 2'iT Y
[~a(c - b)] =:>
y = jb; If we revolve the region about the y-axis: Let Sand T be the points S(O, c) and T(O, b),
C
respectively. Then the volume is the volume of the cylinder with radius OR = a and height RP = c, minus the sum of the volumes of the cone with radius radius = TQ
= SP = a and height
=
= OS = c and the portion of the cylinder with height
a with a cone of height = OT ::::: and radius = TQ b ~IT a2c - ~IT a2b
= OT :::::band
a removed. Thus - b). The area of the triangle is the same as
V::::: IT alc - [tIT a2c + (IT a2b - tIT alb)]
= ~IT a2(a
before, A = ~ac - ~ab = ~a( c - b), and p = x. By the Theorem of Pappus: ~IT a2(a - b) = 2ITx Ua( c - b)] =:> - x2a(a-b)
3(c _ b)
=:>
(2a(a-b)
3(c _ b) , -2-
C+b).
IS
the center
f mass.
6 PRACTICE EXERCISES
A(x)
* (x - 2JX
J.b
_
(diarneterf . x2 +
* (JX
-x
Xi) ;
=:> V =
::::: 2I [~ 42
A(x) dx :::::
0
* fa!
= 0, b =
(x - 2x5/2 + x4) dx
2I
± x7/2 + ~] [ 7 5 -42
40 + 14) =
(! _ :! + 1) 7 5
4.;0 (35 -
i~
A(x) = ~(side)" (sin }) =
::::: 1(4x-4xJX+x2);a:::::0,b:::::4 =:> v::::: J.bA(X) dx::::: 1 (4x - 4X 2 + x dx fa4 = y} [2X2 _ ~ X + £] = (32 _ + 2::!)
3/ 2)
1(2JX
/3
x) 2
5/2
304
8·32 53
==
32/3
4 (I - §. + 5
~) == 3
8/3
15
(15 - 24 + 10) - ~15 -
3. A(x)::::: ~ (diameter)" :::::i (2 sin x - 2 cos X)2 == ~ ·4 (sin2 x - 2 sin x cos x + cos2 x) == IT(I - sin 2x)· a - 2I b - i2I -4 4'
l ,-
=:> V =
J:b A(x)
a
dx :::::t t
-
-2 x
:::::IT
5 ,rr/4
(I - sin 2x) dx
7r/4
_ -
tt X
(+COS2x]571"/4_ ~ "/4
'iT
[(571"+COS~) "4 ----:f'""

-
(71" -"2 C()S~)] 4"
2
+ 36x
dx - 4/6X·
4. A(x)::::: (edgej'' a
== ( ( /6
JX)"2 dx
0)"2 ::::: (
V6 - JX)l ::::: - 24V6 JX 36

24/6 JX
3/
+ x2;
= 0, b::::: 6
=:> V::::: I.bA(x)
L (36 6
+ 36x - 4/6x3/2
+ xl)

Solutions 2

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Solutions 2

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Section 5.

6 Substitution and Area Between Curves

C, ,,-, C, = (., - 1 = Co, 1 .;.:2

(~I_). COS- ( rzo 7r1)]1II 'Iii) 1c()" ~

[cos 2IT - cos

ely= r~ul;2du = [~u/I/21'

(b) Use the same substitution

for u as in part (a); y du = [,~ u;I/21'

(h) Use the same substitution

.)]11 = ['- -;ll''I /.' _

for u as in part (a);

secl x dx: Xc= du

tan.'( secl x dx = f'lu

Ih) Uxe thesame substitution

Ib) (j'e the same substitution

as in part (a); x = 27r .=:;, -3u"

du, .• 4t'i Lit =;. ~ du LIt"

h) U,e the same substitution

as in part (a); t 1 u' du

7. (a) Let u = 4 + r2,*

(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a); r

(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a);

r Jx' Jil '.---4-(b)

Use the same substitution as in part (a); x = -

10. (a) Letu=xl+9

1 U--1/2 du = [1 (2)UI/2] 10 = 1 (10)1/2 _ 1 (9)1/2

(b) Use the same substitution as in part (a); x = -I

du = 3 sin 3t dt =? ~ du = sin 3t dt; t = 0

Use the same substitution as in part (a); t = T,

cos 3t) sin 3t dt =

12. (a) Letu=2+tan~

Use the same substitution as in part (a); t =-2"

sec" & dt =:2

(a) Let u = 4 + 3 sin z'*

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 5.6 Substitution and Area Between Curves

as in part (a); z = -7f

sin W 1 13+ 2 cos

t" .1, u -'2 ( -

d) 1 [ -1]:j _ I (I 1)._ I u =2u :12 5' - 3 - - T5

(b) Use the same substitution

as in part (a); w = () .=:} u = 5, w

(5t4 + 2) dt; t r'u Jo /'! l

du = [~U:lf2j 3 = ~ (3)3/2 - ~ (O):l/:! = 2

17. Let u = cos

1 1_1 .j(~)2 -::j(j)" -:j

(f!.) d8' ' 6

du = 4 sin t dt .=:} ~ du = sin t cit; t = () .=:}U = 5 - 4 cos ()

= cos 2t dt; t = 0 .=:} u

sin 2t)1 - cos 2t dt 21. Letu=4y-y2+-41'l+1

U"!-)]1 = (- ~ (0)' -) - (- ~ ( I )11 u=l.y=1 du

[3uli:ll·~ = 3(8)11 - 3( I )11>

22. Let u = 1'1 +- 6y2 - 12y + 9.=:} du

= (3y2 + 12y - 12)uy.=:}

cns". (8:\/2) I -t_(I .=?

sin 27f) -- } (O),,-~

·-1 ,~ u = 0 • t = - 1 .=:} u '2

© 2010 Pearson Education,

25. Let u = tan f}

("/4(1 + eland) sec" f) df) =

f) df) + j'l e" du = [tan 0] ,T/4

=(l-O)+(e-I)=e 26. Let u = cot f}

[- cot B]~' - - [e"]

dt = [In 12 - cos tl] ~I' = In 3 - In I = In 3; or let u = 2 - cos t