Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Books Martin Luther, Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (95 Theses). Timothy F. Lull. 1517. Foreword, Pelikan, Jaroslav. Martin Luthers Basic Theological Writings. Lull, Timothy. Minnesota: Augsburg Fortress, 1989. pages 2129. This is a translation of Martin Luthers 95 Theses to English. This source helped provide an understanding of Martin Luthers problems with the Roman Catholic Church. Also, quotes from this document were placed on the 95 Theses and Martin Luther pages. It is included on the important documents page under 95 Theses. Martin Luther, Eight Sermons at Wittenberg. Timothy F. Lull. 1522. Foreword, Pelikan, Jaroslav. Martin Luthers Basic Theological Writings. Lull, Timothy. Minnesota: Augsburg Fortress, 1989. pages 471-496. This is a translation of Martin Luthers eight sermons at Wittenberg to put down the Peasants War. His sermons gave an excellent understanding of some of the pains going on in society at that time. The foreword to this translation gave a good background to the Peasants War. A Quote from one of these sermons is on the Peasants War page. These sermons explained Luthers thoughts on the Peasants War and images in the church.

Martin Luther, The Small Catechism. Timothy F. Lull. 1529. Foreword, Pelikan, Jaroslav. Martin Luthers Basic Theological Writings. Lull, Timothy. Minnesota: Augsburg Fortress, 1989. pages 407- 444. This is a translation of Martin Luthers Small Catechism. It offered a good understanding of Martin Luthers view on Christianity and how it should be practiced. Pope Leo X, Exsurge Domine. 1520. Eric Lund. Documents From the History of Lutheranism. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. pages 26-29. This book includes excerpts from the Exsurge Domine. The Exsurge Domine is the papal bull (an official document signed by the Pope) that pointed out the Roman Catholic Churchs problem with Martin Luthers teachings, and was a warning saying that if he did not retract his writings he would be excommunicated. It was issued on June 15, 1520. This papal bull gave a good understanding about the Popes disagreement with Martin Luther. It provided a good understanding of the Popes side of the argument. Pope Leo X. Indulgence Bull. 1517. Eric Lund. Documents from the History of Lutheranism 1517-1750.Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. pages 11-12. This papal bull explained the reasons that the Roman Catholic Church needed to start selling indulgences again. It talks about how much the Catholic Church needed the money to build St. Peters Basilica and all the specific sins that indulgences would forgive.

Peace of Augsburg. B. J. Kidd. Documents Illustrative of the Continental Reformation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911 pages 363-364. The Peace of Augsburg was a peace treaty that let each German state pick to be either a Lutheran or Catholic state. It said that you could keep your present religion even if your state was changed to a Lutheran state and that the Peace of Augsburg only applied to Catholics and Lutherans and no other religions. The Peace of Augsburg was difficult to locate in English. It was not on any website and I could not find it in any books accept one book in the Claremont School of Theologys library. It gave a better understanding of the amount of religious freedom people were given at the time. Martin Luther. Martin Luthers Response at the Diet of Worms. 1521. Eric Lund. Documents From the History of Lutheranism. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. pages 31-32. Martin Luthers response gave a good understanding of Martin Luthers writings and what they meant. His response is also known as Martin Luthers Here I Stand speech and a quote from his speech is on the Diet of Worms page.

Luther, Martin. Luthers Explanation of the Ninety-Five Theses. 1518. Edited by Eric Lund. Documents from the History of Lutheranism 1517-1750.Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. Pages 21-23. This is an explanation of Martin Luthers 95 theses directed to the Pope and other Catholic clergy who misinterpreted his 95 theses. It stated that the Pope did not have any more power over purgatory than his subordinates. It provided a feeling for Martin Luthers frustration with other Theologians who did not appreciate what he was trying to say. Charles V. Edict of Worms. 1522. Edited by Eric Lund. Documents from the History of Lutheranism 15171750.Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. Pages 32-33 The Edict of Worms condemned Martin Luther and made him an outlaw. Reading these excerpts from Edict of Worms gave a good understanding of why Martin Luther went into hiding and how much some of the Roman Catholic clergy loathed him. This document is on the important documents page under Edict of Worms on my website. Luther, Martin. Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants. May, 1525. Edited by Eric Lund. Documents from the History of Lutheranism 1517-1750.Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. pages 44-45 Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants is another example of how Martin Luther put down the Peasants War. Reading this primary source gave a better understanding of how furious Martin Luther was with the peasants for their actions.

Elector of Saxony, Margrave of Brandenburg, Duke of Braunschweig-Luneburg, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Anhalt. The Protestation at the Diet of Speyer. April 19, 1529. Edited by Eric Lund. Documents from the History of Lutheranism 1517-1750.Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. Page 57. This is the protest that began the term Protestant. The protest says that they are completely loyal to the Roman Catholic Church but they disagreed with some parts of the Diet of Speyer. Images Cati da lesi. Council of the Counter Reformation. Altemps Chapel. Santa Maria. Web. 27. Nov. 2011. <http://remnanttrust.ipfw.edu/documents/religion/counciltrent.shtml>. This is a painting of the Council of Trent. It was used on the Council of Trent and timeline page.

Cranach, Lucas. Martin Luther. Web. 29. Nov. 2011. <http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/111/week_one.html>. This is a painted portrait of Martin Luther. This painting was used on the Important People and Martin Luther page. This artist has painted many portraits of Luther and this is one of the most famous portraits of Martin Luther. G.L.E. Freidrich. Johann Tetzel: Sale of Indulgences. Web. Nov. 27, 2011. <http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/HST %20101--Lecture%2029-Johann_tetzal_and_the_selling_of.htm>. This is a picture of Johann Tetzel selling indulgences. This image was used on the Johann Tetzel and important people pages to display the sale of indulgences. Von Werner, Anton. Luther Before the Diet of Worms. 1521. Web. Jan. 22, 2012. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/luther/lutherimages.htm l>. This is a picture of Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms. This picture was used on the Diet of Worms and the time line page. Velzquez, Diego. Innocent X. 1650. Web. Jan. 31, 2012 <http://centros.edu.xunta.es/iesfontexeria/Dpto_Debuxo/depart amentoDebuxo.php> This is a portrait of Pope Innocent X who was pope during the Counter Reformation. This picture was used on the Counter Reformation page.

L. Koffinich. Martin Luther Meeting with Peasants. 1524. Web. Jan. 22, 2012. <http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/111/week_one.html>. This is an image of Martin Luther talking to peasants. This picture was used on the Peasants War and timeline page. Knig, Gustav. Martin Luther 1483-1546 Burning the Papal Bull. 1520. Web. Jan. 22, 2012. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/luther/lutherima ges.html >. This is a picture of Martin Luther burning the papal bull Exsurge Domine and the canon of the Roman Catholic Church. This picture was used on the timeline page. Luthers 95 Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences. Nuremberg: Hieronymus Hltzel 1517, the State Library in Berlin. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. <http://thelutheran.net/lutheran/pages/lutheran.htm This is a picture of Martin Luthers 95 Theses. This picture was used in the 95 Theses and timeline page to show what Martin Luthers original 95 Theses looked like. Vecellio, Tiziano. Portrait of Charles V Seated. 1576. Jan. 6, 2012. <http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/churchhistory220/lecture14 /lecture14.html>. This is a painting of Charles V. This painting was used on the Charles V page and the important people page to show what Charles V looked like.

Websites Pope Leo X, Decet Romanum Pontificem. Translator unknown. Papal Encyclicals Online. Jan. 12, 2012. <http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo10/l10decet.htm>. The Decet Romanum Pontificem is the papal bull that excommunicated Martin Luther, and was issued on January 3, 1521. This papal bull gave a good understanding of some of the written battles between Martin Luther and the Pope. It not only called Martin Luther a Heretic it also did the same to his followers. The Decet Romanum Pontificem was used on the Important Documents page under Decet Romanum Pontificem. Melanchthon, Philip. The Augsburg Confession. 1530. Edited by F. Bente. The Book of Concord. March 27, 2012. <http://bookofconcord.org/augsburgconfession.php>. The Augsburg Confession summarizes all of the Lutheran beliefs. It goes into specific details about what is accepted and what is not. The Augsburg Confession is still a very important document and is a big part of many modern Lutheran churches worldwide.

Music Gerhard, Ed. A Mighty Fortress is our God. Martin Luther. This is a song from iTunes. It was used on the Martin Luther and home page because it is one Martin Luthers most famous hymns.

Secondary Sources
Books Collins, Michael and Price, Matthew. The Story of Christianity. New York: DK Publishings, 1999. This book was very useful because it was written by a Catholic and a Protestant. It was used to write most of the pages. It provided a clear understanding of most of the important events in the Protestant Reformation. Foreword, Pelikan, Jaroslav. Martin Luthers Basic Theological Writings. Lull, Timothy. Minnesota: Augsburg Fortress, 1989. This is a collection of many of Martin Luthers writings translated into English. This book contained a lot of information on how Martin Luther put down the Peasants War and gave me the background to the Peasants War. It told a lot about Martin Luthers beliefs. It contained many of his original writings and sermons. Gilbert, William. Renaissance and Reformation. Lawrence, KS: Carrie, 1998. This ebook gave a detailed overview of the Counter Reformation and the Council of Trent and helped to better explain how they fit together.

MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation A History. New York: Viking Penguin, 2004. This book told a lot about the Peace of Augsburg and the Council of Trent. It offered a better understanding of some of the reforming efforts of the Roman Catholic Church. This book also gave useful information about the Peasants War. Rasmussen, Martha. The Catholic Church the First 2000 Years. New York: Ignatius Press, 2003. This book talked a lot about the background of the Roman Catholic Church and the Council of Trent. It also talked about the background of the Protestant Reformation. Somervill, Barbara. Martin Luther Father of the Reformation. Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2006. This book told a lot about the life of Martin Luther and a lot of important dates. This information was used for writing about Martin Luther and in the timeline. Straus, Barrie. The Catholic Church. Hippcrene Books, 1987 This book gave a great understanding of the Roman Catholic side of the Protestant Reformation. A quote from this book was used on the Council of Trent page. H.G. Wells. A Short History of the World. New York: Macmillan, 1922. This book was used to write the paragraph on Charles V. This book explained the events in Charles V life, and how he affected the events in the Protestant Reformation.

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Interviews Allert, Mark. Personal interview. Dec. 21, 2011 and Mar. 21, 2012. Rev. Allert is a pastor at Peace Lutheran Church (Corona, CA). These interviews gave a good understanding of the events of the Protestant Reformation and Martin Luther. It described the Protestant side of the Reformation and how it still affects society today. Clips from this interview are on the Diet of Worms and 95 Theses Pages Leusch, Margaret Mary. Personal interview. Dec. 29, 2011. Margaret Mary is a former nun and is presently a SSIHM (Sister, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) Associate. This interview provided a good idea of the Roman Catholic side of the Protestant Reformation how it still affects society today. A clip from this interview with her is on the Council of Trent page. Images Castle Church. Wittenberg. Modern day. Web. Nov. 11, 2011. <http://www.internetmonk.com/wp-content/uploads/kirche3n.jpg>. This is a photograph of the present day Castle Church in Wittenberg. This picture was used on the 95 Theses page to show how the place where Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses. C. Van Sichem. Thomas Mnzer. eighteenth-century. Web. Jan. 6, 2012. <http://aclassen.faculty.arizona.edu/protestant_reformation >. This is etching of Thomas Mnzer. This etching was used on
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the Thomas Mnzer and the important people pages to give an idea of what Thomas Mnzer looked like. Coffin and Stacey. Religious Situation in Europe, c. 1560. 2008 Web. Jan. 22, 2012. <http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/faculty/pcatapano/WC2 /reformation2010.html>. This is a map of the religions of the different parts of Europe. This picture was used on the home page. Coffin and Stacey. The Empire of Charles V, c. 1550. 2008 Web. Jan. 22, 2012. <http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/faculty/pcatapano/WC2 /reformation2010.html >. This is a map of the religions of the different parts of Europe. This picture was used on the background page.

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Movies Martin Luther. MacGinnis, Niall. Unicorn Video. 1953. This movie gave a good understanding of Martin Luthers acts in the Protestant Reformation. It helped to better visualize the events of the protestant reformation involving Martin Luther. Luther. Till, Eric. MGM Home Entertainment LLC. 2003. This move helped to better visualize the fighting and hardships that were happening at the time. Websites Pavao, Paul. John Tetzel Salesman of indulgences. Christian History for Everyman. Oct. 29, 2011.<http://www.christianhistory.org/john-tetzel.html>. This website gave a lot of information about Johann Tetzel, his claims, and what the Roman Catholic Church thinks about him today. It gave the information to write the Johann Tetzel page.

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